MIT Center for Ocean Engineering
J. Leonard
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
January 13th, 2010
My Background
Education:
„ University of Pennsylvania, BSEE (1987)
„ University of Oxford, DPhil (1991) [PhD in Mobile Robotics]
History of MIT Positions:
„ MIT Sea Grant AUV Lab 1991-1996
„ Dept. of Ocean Engineering 1996-2004
„ Dept of Mechanical Engineering in 2005-present
„ Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Current Responsibilities:
„ Area Head for Ocean Science and Engineering
„ Director, Ford-MIT Alliance
Research Interests:
„ Mapping, Navigation, and Control of Autonomous Marine Vehicles
„ Mobile Sensor Networks
Instructions
For Panels 1 and 3, each panelist is asked to deliver a 10 minute
presentation from the perspective of the panelist's institution that
addresses the following topics as relevant for the institution:
a. Summarize the state of research at your institution. For
educational institutions, please describe your educational
programs that are related to naval engineering.
b. Identify key activities at your institution in naval engineering and
related fields such as ship design tools, ship structural materials,
hydrodynamics, advanced hull design, ship propulsion, ship
automation, computational fluid dynamics, ship construction, electrical
engineering, acoustics, ordinance engineering, and systems
engineering and integration.
c. Identify key opportunities for the United States to make fundamental
leaps in naval engineering.
d. Identify advances in naval engineering research and education
realized since the initiation of the ONR National Naval
Responsibility for Naval Engineering.
MIT Center for Ocean Engineering Faculty
Baggeroer
Makris
Techet
Chryssostomidis
Marcus
Triantafyllou
Gooding
Milgram
Vandiver
Leonard
Lermusiaux
Patrikalakis
Schmidt
Sclavounos
Welsh
Wierzbicki
Hover
Yue
Research Activities
Ocean Environment
Hydrodynamics
Acoustics
Sensing, Robotics, & Control
Sensors
Signal Processing
Autonomy
Makris
Baggeroer
Slotine
Lermusiaux
Techet
Schmidt
Complex Marine Systems
Yue
Leonard
Asada
Triantafyllou
Leeb
Hover
Chryssostomidis
Milgram
Gooding
Marcus
Sclavounos
Vandiver
Wierzbicki
Welsh
Energy Parks
Patrikalakis
Peacock
Exploration
Vehicles and Platforms
Frey
Mechanics
Design
Research Activities
„
Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
„
Offshore Engineering
„
Ocean Observation Systems, Sensors, and Acoustics
„
Autonomous Marine Systems
„
Ocean Energy
Research Activities
„
Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
† Computational Hydrodynamics for Advanced Ship design
† Integrated Electric Power Systems
Offshore Engineering
„
Ocean Observation Systems, Sensors, and Acoustics
„
Autonomous Marine Systems
† Autonomy for Unmanned Marine Vehicle Networks
„
Ocean Energy
„
Computational Hydrodynamics for
Advanced Ship Design
„
„
„
„
Ocean environment input for ship design, analysis, and operation by
direct phase-resolved nonlinear wave simulations (Yue, Liu)
† Phase-resolved evolution of nonlinear wave spectra
† Nonlinear wave-field input for ship motion analysis
† Phased-resolved wave-field prediction based on wave-atmosphere
sensing for optimal ship operation/maneuvering
† Prediction of rogue waves
Fully-nonlinear wave-body interactions by potential-flow high-order
panel method (Liu)
† Large-amplitude motions and loads on ships
† Three-dimensional wave impact and ship slamming
† Flapping foils and appendages
Simulation of violent free-surface flows by level-set VOF CFD (Yue)
† Transom stern
† Bow breaking waves
† Spray resistance
† Bubble entrainment
Coupling of hydrodynamic simulations (e.g. SWAN) with optimal control
theory for seakeeping and fuel efficiency (Sclavounos)
Phase-Resolved Prediction of Nonlinear Ocean Waves
Dick KP Yue
Yuming Liu
Objective:
¾Obtain realistic ocean wave
conditions for design and
performance analysis of ships
Approach:
¾Direct large-scale phaseresolved computation of
nonlinear wave-field evolution
Domain: 30km × 30km
Evolution time: 0.5hour
Irregular short-crested wavefield, sea-state ~8 (Tp = 12s,
Hs = 12m)
Computing platform: Cray T3E
with 256 processors
Simulation time: 100 hours
CFD Computations of Violent Free-Surface Flows (Yue and Liu)
Bubble generation and entrainment
behind a moving rectangular block, Fr =3.0
Spray by
a moving
thin foil
Fr=3.75
Extracted 3D bubble cloud
Heaving
sphere
Research Activities
„
Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
† Computational Hydrodynamics for Advanced Ship design
† Integrated Electric Power Systems
Offshore Engineering
„
Ocean Observation Systems, Sensors, and Acoustics
„
Autonomous Marine Systems
† Autonomy for Unmanned Marine Vehicle Networks
„
Ocean Energy
„
Integrated Electric Power Systems
(Hover, Chryssostomidis, Leeb)
Electric Ship Intellectual Challenges:
„ Designs need to be robust, i.e. maintain functionality through a
broad class of (failure) scenarios.
„ Testing detailed models is computationally expensive, maybe
prohibitive.
† Uncertainty analysis typically characterizes highly realized designs.
† Vast design space: too large to search through even using simulation
based evaluation.
„ Need to establish robustness to failures early in the design process
Guiding principle for creation of robust design tools (Hover):
Network theory can inform the early design of the electric ship. It can
generate robust topologies, and guide additions to a substrate design.
Research Activities
„
Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
† Computational Hydrodynamics for Advanced Ship design
† Integrated Electric Power Systems
„
Offshore Engineering
„
Ocean Observation Systems, Sensors, and Acoustics
„
Autonomous Marine Systems
† Autonomy for Unmanned Marine Vehicle Networks
„
Ocean Energy
Autonomy for Unmanned Marine Vehicles
Ocean Sensing Systems
Paradigm Shift
Platform-centric
Sensing Systems
AOSN
Schmidt, Leonard
Net-centric, Distributed
Autonomous Sensing Systems
Uncertain,Unknown Environment
Uncertain Communication
Self-navigating
Network
No maps
Cooperative
Behavior
Adaptive
Behavior Acoustic sensing
Uncertainty
Laboratory for Autonomous Marine Sensing (Schmidt)
Unified C2 Infrastructure
Portable MOOS-IvP Payload Autonomy
WHOI
GW
SCOUT ASC
OEX
IVER-2
IVER-2 REMUS 100
„
Intelligent Autonomy
Integrated Sensing, Modeling and Control „
Collaboration
Tactical
Adaptation
Modeling
Environmental
Adaptation
„
Bluefin 9/21
REMUS 600
Mission
† Develop integrated sensing, modeling and
control concepts for autonomous, distributed
observation and monitoring
Approach
† Portable hardware and software autonomy
architecture for hybrid sensing networks
† Robust, behavior-based decision-making for
operation using low-bandwidth, intermittent
acoustic communication channels
† Exploitation of environmental variability
Tools
† Simulation environment with high-fidelity
environmental ocean and acoustic
environmental modeling
† Extensive field demonstration experiments
Future Challenges and Opportunities
in Naval Engineering
„
„
„
„
„
Computational tools and capabilities for new generation naval ship hulls
and operations
† Capsizing prediction of advanced hulls
† Wave impact and slamming loads
† Understanding and prediction of signatures
Computer-aided design tools
† Early stage design
† Integrated, total ship systems
† "Systems of systems" engineering † Cost (design for affordability)
Energy efficiency and flexibility
† Integrated electric drive/propulsion system
† Reduced emissions
† Reduced reliance on hydrocarbons (eliminate need for hydrocarbons?)
Ever-increasing electrical power demand
† Advanced weapons, launchers, and sensors
† Energy storage, power management, stability, thermal management
Integration of manned and unmanned systems
† Robust autonomy
† Distributed networks
† New platforms capable of deploying/controlling large numbers of UUVs
Education
The 2N Program: Graduate Education in Naval
Architecture for US Navy Engineering Duty Officers
2N Naval Construction and Engineering Program
„ Objectives
† Broad graduate technical education for US Navy, US Coast Guard,
and foreign naval officers (professional Naval Engineers)
† Ship Design – A continuum of courses leading to year-long total ship
design project
† Technical area concentration - A specific thesis area, e.g.,
hydrodynamics, structures, acoustics, powering, etc.
„ Graduates
† Prepared to direct large-scale ship system programs
† Future leaders in ship concept formulation, design, acquisition,
construction, modernization, maintenance, and industrial support
2OE Undergraduate Degree
2.016 Hydrodynamics
Prof. Alexandra Techet
http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Mechanical-Engineering/2-016Fall-2005/CourseHome/
Learn by doing:
• Hands-on laboratories.
• In-class demonstrations.
• Experiment in 3 MIT labs.
Learn experimental techniques:
• Flow visualization
• Scale-model testing
• Matlab simulation
In 2.016, we take an experimental approach to
Hydrodynamics, presenting the material using in-class
demonstrations and activities. The course is grounded
in real-world physical problems, spanning mechanical,
civil, and ocean engineering.
Topics include: naval architecture, potential flow,
added mass, waves, dynamics of floating bodies,
viscous flow, vortex induced vibrations, ship resistance
and model testing, hydrofoils, propellers, and
geophysical fluid dynamics.
Outreach: Recruiting the Next
Generation of Naval Architects
MIT 2.00A/16.00AJ Fundamentals of Engineering Design
Acknowledgements
ONR Program Managers:
„
„
„
„
„
„
Hydrodynamics/National Naval Responsibility/Electric Ship
† Al Tucker, Sharon Beerman-Curtin, Kelly Cooper, Terry Ericsen, Patrick
Purtell, Theresa McMullen, Steven Russell, Promode Bandyopadhyay,
Omar Irizarry, David Johnson
Unmanned Underwater Vehicles:
† Tom Swean, Tom Curtin, Terri Paluskiewicz, Dan Dietz, James
Valentine, Marc Steinberg
Acoustics and Signal Processing
† Ellen Livingston, Bob Headrick, Kevin Williams, Kerry Commander,
John Tague, Jeff Simmen
Oceanography and Data Assimilation
† Scott Harper, Terri Paluskiewicz, Linwood Vincent, Steven Ackleson,
Manuel Fiadeiro, Steve Murray, Louis Goodman
Structures
† Roshdy Barsoum, Luise Couchman
Coastal Geosciences
† Tom Drake
Backups (if time permits)
Research Impact of the National Naval
Responsibility Program
MIT Electric Ship Research Contributions
„ Development of early-stage design tools that include
physics-based modeling and simulation
„ New paradigms of ship design using zonal approach
„ Electrical distribution
† fault detection and isolation
† bus stability
† control systems
† power electronics design
„ Thermal load
† modeling
† cooling
„ Hydrodynamic and ship stability impacts
„ Thorough, indicative metrics for tradeoff studies
Educational Impact of the National Naval
Responsibility Program
Electric Ship Educational Contributions:
„ zonal design for systems
† electrical distribution, firemain, chill water, ventilation
„ impact of specific system design on overall ship
design
† structure, hullform, electrical distribution, cooling,
control, etc.
„ electrical plant alternatives and design
„ metrics development and application
„ performance and analysis of tradeoff studies of
various ship architectures
„ modeling philosophies, simulation and verification
„ uncertainty modeling and analysis