ECET 211
Electrical Machines & Controls
Lecture 1-1
Introduction to Electrical Components,
Circuits, and Theories
Spring 2013
Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor of Electrical & Computer
Engineering Technology
Dept. of Computer, Electrical and Information
Technology
Purdue University Fort Wayne Campus
Prof. Paul Lin
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Fundamental Units

See Lecture note on Fundamental Units,
http://www.etcs.ipfw.edu/~lin/ECET211/ExtraNotes/1-FundamentalUnit.html
Basic SI Units:
Temperature
Conversion
Formulas
 Mass,
Length,
Temperature, Electric current, etc.

•Kelvin = C + 273.15, degree F = C (9/5) + 32, degree C = (F – 32)/1.8
Temperature
Kelvins
degrees
Celsius
degrees
Fahrenheit
Symbol
K
°C
°F
Boiling point
of water
373.15
100.
212.
Freezing /
melting point
of water / ice
273.15
0.
32.
Absolute zero
0.
-273.15
-459.67
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Fundamental Units (cont.)

SI Derived Units
• Frequency, Force, Pressure (stress), Energy (work
done, heat), Power, Electric charge, Electric potential,
Capacitance, Electric resistance, Conductance,
Inductance, Magnetic flux

Electric Charge
• 1 Electron = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs, 1 C = 6.24 x 1018
electrons, 1 C = 1 Amp-second

Coulomb’s law: describes forces between two
charged particles: r is distance between two particles; k
= 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2
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Prof. Paul Lin
Fundamental Units (cont.)






Static Generator (electricity)
High voltage DC
Energy = ½ QV2
Clouds are charged by rubbing
together
Friction causes static charge
Electric shocks:
• Body voltage when getting out
of a car
 Nylon clothes: 21,000 volts
 Wool clothes: 9,000 volts
 Cotton clothes: 7,000 volts
• In office
Prof. Paul Lin
• Charge eliminators
• Industrial static
control
• Ionizer air gun,
curtain
• Storage of charges
• Capacitors
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Fundamental Units (cont.)

Electric al Units
•
•
•
•

Current (I, ampere, A)
Electromotive Force (E, volt, V)
Potential Difference (V, volt, V)
Resistance (R, ohm, )
Electrical Current
•
•
•
•
Ampere, I
Ammeter, A
AC, DC
Example
Prof. Paul Lin
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Fundamental Units (cont.)

Potential
• Volt, E
• Voltmeter, V
• 1.5v, 3v, 9, 12, 24, 115, 220, 230, 460, 575, 2300,
…, 765kv
• AC, DC
• Example

Resistance
•
•
•
•
•
•
Resistors
Ohms
Ohmmeter
Static, Dynamic
Temperature sensitive
Prof. Paul Lin
Example
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Fundamental Units (cont.)

Watts
•
•
•
•
P = V*I
P = V^2/R = V*V/R
P = I^2*R = I * I * R
P = V * I * cosθ – AC single phase power

Power factor: cosθ
• P = 1.732 * V * I * cos(θ) – AC 3-phase power

Horse Power (HP)
• 1 HP = 746 Watts
Prof. Paul Lin
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Fundamental Units (cont.)

Electrical Materials
• Conductor
• Insulator
• Semiconductor
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Fundamental Units (cont.)
Number Prefix Used with Electrical/Electronic Units
Prefix
Symbol
Factor
Yotta
Zetta
Exa
Peta
Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
hecto
deca
deci
centi
milli
Y
Z
E
P
T
G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m
1024
1021
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103
102
101
10-1
10-2
10-3
or E24
or E21
or E18
or E15
or E12
or E9
or E6
or E3
or E2
or E1
or E-1
or E-2
or E-3
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Prof. Paul Lin
Fundamental Units (cont.)
Number Prefix Used with Electrical/Electronic Units
Prefix
Symbol
Factor

micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
zepto
yocto

n
p
f
a
z
y
10-6
10-9
10-12
10-15
10-18
10-21
10-24
Prof. Paul Lin
or E-6
or E-9
or E-12
or E-15
or E-18
or E-21
or E-24
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Introduction to Electrical Components,
Circuits, and Theories

Electrical Components
•
•
•
•
•

Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Actuators (Relay, contactors, solenoid, etc)
Motors, Generators
Electromechanical
• Motors & drives
• Relays & IO modules
• Switches
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Introduction to Electrical Components,
Circuits, and Theories

Electrical Circuits
• Direct current circuits
• Alternating current circuits
• Series and Parallel Circuits

Basic Electrical Theories
• Ohms law
• Kirchhoff voltage and current laws (KVL, KCL)
• Impedance Z, Inductive reactance XL, Capacitive
reactance (XC)
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Basic Passive Components

Mouser Electronics Catalog,
http://www.mouser.com/catalogviewer.aspx
•
•
•
•
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Circuit Protections

Circuit breaker, Fuses, Inrush current limiter, ESD
Suppressors
• Electromechanical
• Power
Prof. Paul Lin
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Passive Components

Mouser Electronics Catalog,
http://www.mouser.com/catalogviewer.aspx
•
•
•
•
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Circuit Protections

Circuit breaker, Fuses, Inrush current limiter, ESD
Suppressors
• Electromechanical
• Power
Prof. Paul Lin
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Ohms Law

A formula for describing the relationship among voltage
(V), current (I), and resistance (R)
• V=I*R
• I = V/R
• R = V/I


Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854)
Ohm’s Law Simulators,
• http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/ohmslaw.htm
• http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/ohms-law/ohms-law_en.html

Ohm’s Law calculator and Virtual lab
• http://www.ohmslawcalculator.com/ohms_law_calculator.php
• ELTEC 208 Lab: Ohm’s Law in a Simple Circuit,
http://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/vaughant/Ohms-Law-java.htm
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