IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1™/D4
Draft Standard for Learning Object
Metadata - Corrigendum 1: Corrigenda
for 1484.12.1 LOM (Learning Object
Metadata)
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Prepared by the Learning Object Metadata (C/LT/LOMWG12) Working Group of the
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Learning Technology Standards Committee
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Copyright © <year> by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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This document is an unapproved draft of a proposed IEEE Standard. As such, this document is subject to
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All rights reserved.
IEEE Standards Activities Department
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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Abstract: This corrigendum clarifies and corrects technical errors, editorial errors and omissions
in IEEE Std. 1484.12.1™-2002.
Keywords: learning object, learning object metadata (LOM), metadata, reuse.
•
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IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
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IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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Introduction
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This introduction is not part of IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata Corrigendum 1: Corrigenda for 1484.12.1 LOM (Learning Object Metadata).
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This corrigendum addresses editorial changes and technical clarifications to IEEE Std. 1484.12.1™-2002.
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Issues, collected by the Learning Technology Standards Committee, were discussed in open web
conferences, hold from June 2007 until <Month> 2009.
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The principal changes from the previous edition are:
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The conceptual data schema specified by IEEE Std. 1484.12.1™-2002 is not modified by this corrigendum.
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Notice to users
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Laws and regulations
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Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the
provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements.
Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory
requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in
compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.
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Copyrights
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This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and
private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private selfregulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this
document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive
any rights in copyright to this document.
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Updating of IEEE documents
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Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the
issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments,
corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the
document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether
a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of
a)
The modification of some order definitions, from "unspecified" to "unordered".
b)
The explicit definition of ordering for element 5.5:Intended End User Role.
c)
The modification of the vCard examples (for elements 2.3.2, 3.2.2 and 8.1), in conformance with
IETF RFC 2426:1998.
d)
The modification of the syntax of the DateTime element, in conformance with ISO 8601:2000.
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
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IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously.
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For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process,
visit the IEEE-SA web site at http://standards.ieee.org.
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Errata
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Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL:
http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL
for errata periodically.
site
at
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Interpretations
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Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/
index.html.
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Patents
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Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter
covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence
or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying
Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity
or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in
connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable
or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further
information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.
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Participants
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At the time this draft standard was completed, the Learning Object Metadata (C/LT/LOMWG12) Working
Group had the following membership:
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Erik Duval, Chair
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Roberto Javier Godoy, 1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1 Technical Editor
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Venkataraman Balaji
Phil Barker
Avron Barr
Yolaine Bourda
Dave Clegg
Mike Collett
Sarah Currier
Hugo Den Hollander
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Stephen Downes
Marie Duncan
Jeroen Hamers
Andy Heath
Wayne Hodgins (*)
Don Holmes
Jack Hyde
Fanny Klett
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David Massart
Bernie Monette
Brandon Muramatsu
Mikael Nilsson
Daniel Rehak
Robby Robson
Christian Stracke
Schawn Thropp
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
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IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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Stefaan Ternier
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Tom Wason
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(*) Chair Emeritus
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The following members of the [individual/entity] balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters
may
have
voted
for
approval,
disapproval,
or
abstention.
(to be supplied by IEEE)
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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CONTENTS
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<After draft body is complete, select this text and click Insert Special->Add (Table of) Contents>
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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Draft Standard for Learning Object
Metadata - Corrigendum 1: Corrigenda
for 1484.12.1 LOM (Learning Object
Metadata)
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NOTE—The editing instructions contained in this <amendment/corrigendum> define how to merge the material
contained therein into the existing base standard and its amendments to form the comprehensive standard.
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The editing instructions are shown in bold italic. Four editing instructions are used: change, delete, insert, and replace.
Change is used to make corrections in existing text or tables. The editing instruction specifies the location of the
change and describes what is being changed by using strikethrough (to remove old material) and underscore (to add
new material). Delete removes existing material. Insert adds new material without disturbing the existing material.
Insertions may require renumbering. If so, renumbering instructions are given in the editing instruction. Replace is used
to make changes in figures or equations by removing the existing figure or equation and replacing it with a new one.
Editing instructions, change markings, and this NOTE will not be carried over into future editions because the changes
will be incorporated into the base standard.
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6. Base Schema
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(The remainder of this page is intentionally blank. Table 1 begins on the following page.)
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
Comentario [J1]: In order to
facilitate tracking which changes
are included in the document, I
have used red color for removed
text and blue color for inserted text
instead of automatic (black) color.
Colors will be removed later.
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
1
Change item 1.1: General.Identifier of clause 6 as follows
Nr
1.1
Name
Identifier
Explanation
A globally unique label
that identifies this learning
object.
Size
smallest
permitted
maximum:10
items
Order
unordered
unspecified
Value Space
Datatype
Example
-
-
-
Value Space
vCard, as defined by
IMC vCard 3.0
(IETF RFC 2425:1998,
IETF RFC
2426:1998).
Datatype
CharacterString
(smallest
permitted
maximum: 1000
char)
Example
“BEGIN:VCARD
N:Friday;Joe
FN:Joe Friday
TEL:+1-919-555-7878
TITLE:Area Administrator\, Assistant
EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:jfriday@host.com
VERSION:3.0
END:VCARD”
“BEGIN:VCARD\nFN:Joe Friday\nTEL:+1-919-555-7878\nTITLE:Area Administrator\, Assistant\n
EMAIL\;TYPE=INTERN\nET:jfriday@host.com\nEND:VCARD\n”
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3
Change item 2.3.2: Life Cycle.Entity of clause 6 as follows
Nr
2.3.2
Name
Entity
Explanation
The identification of and
information about entities
(i.e., people, organizations)
contributing to this
learning object. The
entities shall be ordered as
most relevant first.
Size
smallest
permitted
maximum:40
items
Order
ordered
NOTE— In this example the only character
escaping rules applied are those defined in
RFC 2426. Other binding-specific character
escaping rules may be necessary; for instance,
if the LOM XML binding is used, line breaks
may be escaped as character references (i.e.
&#13;&#10;).
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
Comentario [RJG2]: To be
revised.
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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Change item 3.1: Meta-Metadata.Identifier of clause 6 as follows
Nr
3.1
Name
Identifier
Explanation
A globally unique label
that identifies this metadata
record.
Size
smallest
permitted
maximum:10
items
Order
unordered
unspecified
Value Space
Datatype
Example
-
-
-
Value Space
vCard, as defined by
IMC vCard 3.0
(IETF RFC 2425:1998,
IETF RFC
2426:1998).
Datatype
CharacterString
(smallest
permitted
maximum: 1000
char)
Example
“BEGIN:VCARD
N:Friday;Joe
FN:Joe Friday
TEL:+1-919-555-7878
TITLE:Area Administrator\, Assistant
EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:jfriday@host.com
VERSION:3.0
END:VCARD”
“BEGIN:VCARD\nFN:Joe Friday\nTEL:+1-919-555-7878\nTITLE:Area Administrator\, Assistant\n
EMAIL\;TYPE=INTERN\nET:jfriday@host.com\nEND:VCARD\n”
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Change item 3.2.2: Meta-Metadata.Contribute.Entity of clause 6 as follows
Nr
3.2.2
Name
Entity
Explanation
The identification of and
information about entities
(i.e., people, organizations)
contributing to this
metadata instance. The
entities shall be ordered as
most relevant first.
Size
Smallest
permitted
maximum:10
items
Order
ordered
NOTE— In this example the only character
escaping rules applied are those defined in
RFC 2426. Other binding-specific character
escaping rules may be necessary; for instance,
if the LOM XML binding is used, line breaks
may be escaped as character references (i.e.
&#13;&#10;).
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
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Change item 4.2: Technical.Size of clause 6 as follows
Nr
4.2
Name
Size
Explanation
The size of the digital
learning object in bytes
(octets). The size is
represented as a decimal
value (radix 10).
Consequently, only the
digits “0” through “9”
should be used. The unit is
bytes, not Mbytes, GB, etc.
This data element shall
refer to the actual size of
this learning object. If the
learning object is
compressed, then this data
element shall refer to the
uncompressed size.
Size
1
Order
unspecified
Value Space
ISO/IEC 646:1991, but
only the digits
“0”..”9”
Datatype
CharacterString
(smallest
permitted
maximum: 30
char)
Example
“4200”
NOTE— format and
location are multiple for
one object, which cannot
have multiple sizes
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3
Change item 5: Educational of clause 6 as follows
Nr
5
Name
Educational
Explanation
This category describes the
key educational or
pedagogic characteristics
of this learning object.
Size
smallest
permitted
maximum:100
items
Order
unordered
unspecified
Value Space
-
Datatype
-
NOTE— This is the
pedagogical information
essential to those involved
in achieving a quality
learning experience. The
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
Example
-
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
audience for this metadata
includes teachers,
managers, authors, and
learners.
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Change item 5.1: Educational.Interactivity Type of clause 6 as follows
Nr
5.1
Name
Interactivity
Type
Explanation
Predominant mode of
learning supported by this
learning object project.
“Active” learning (e.g.,
learning by doing) is
supported by content that
directly induces productive
action by the learner. An
active learning object
prompts the learner for
semantically meaningful
input or for some other
kind of productive action
or decision, not necessarily
performed within the
learning object's
framework. Active
documents include
simulations,
questionnaires, and
exercises.
“Expositive” learning (e.g.,
passive learning) occurs
when the learner's job
mainly consists of
absorbing the content
exposed to him (generally
through text, images or
sound). An expositive
learning object displays
information but does not
Size
1
Order
unspecified
Value Space
active
expositive
mixed
Datatype
Vocabulary
(State)
Example
active documents (with learner's
action):
— simulation (manipulates, controls
or enters data or parameters);
— questionnaire (chooses or writes
answers);
— exercise (finds solution);
— problem statement (writes solution).
expositive documents (with learner's
action):
— hypertext document (reads, navigates);
— video (views, rewinds, starts,
stops);
— graphical material (views);
— audio material (listens, rewinds,
starts, stops).
mixed document:
— hypermedia document with
embedded simulation applet.
4
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IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
prompt the learner for any
semantically meaningful
input. Expositive
documents include essays,
video clips, all kinds of
graphical material, and
hypertext documents.
When a learning object
blends the active and
expositive interactivity
types, then its interactivity
type is “mixed.”
NOTE—Activating links
to navigate in hypertext
documents is not
considered to be a
productive action.
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Change item 5.2: Educational.Learning Resource Type of clause 6 as follows
Nr
5.2
Name
Learning
Resource
Type
Explanation
Specific kind of learning
object. The most prominent
dominant kind shall be
first.
NOTE— The vocabulary
terms are defined as in the
OED:1989 and as used by
educational communities of
practice.
Size
smallest
permitted
maximum:10
items
Order
ordered
Value Space
exercise
simulation
questionnaire
diagram
figure
graph
index
slide
table
narrative text
exam
experiment
problem statement
self assessment
lecture
Datatype
Vocabulary
(State)
4
5
Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
Example
-
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
1
Change item 5.5: Educational.Intended End User Role of clause 6 as follows
Nr
5.5
Name
Intended
End User
Role
Explanation
Principal user(s) for which
this learning object was
designed, most prominent
dominant first.
NOTES
1— A learner works with a
learning object in order to
learn something. An author
creates or publishes a
learning object. A manager
manages the delivery of
this learning object, e.g., a
university or college. The
document for a manager is
typically a curriculum.
2— In order to describe the
intended end user role
through the skills the user
is intended to master, or the
tasks he or she is intended
to be able to accomplish,
the category
9:Classification can be
used.
Size
smallest
permitted
maximum:10
items
Order
ordered
Value Space
teacher
author
learner
manager
Datatype
Vocabulary
(State)
Example
An authoring tool that produces pedagogical
material is a typical example
of a learning object whose intended
end user is an author.
Datatype
LangString
(smallest
permitted
maximum: 1000
char)
Example
(“en,” “Teacher guidelines that come
with a textbook.”)
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Change item 5.10: Educational.Description of clause 6 as follows
Nr
5.10
Name
Description
Explanation
Comments on how this
learning object is to be
used.
Size
smallest
permitted
maximum:10
items
Order
unordered
unspecified
Value Space
-
4
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
1
Change item 7.2.1: Relation.Identifier of clause 6 as follows
Nr
7.2.1
Name
Identifier
Explanation
A globally unique label
that identifies the target
learning object.
Size
smallest
permitted
maximum:
10 items
Order
unordered
unspecified
-
Value Space
Order
unordered
unspecified
-
Datatype
Example
-
-
Value Space
Datatype
LangString
(smallest
permitted
maximum: 1000
char)
Example
(“en,” “The QuickTime movie of the Mona
Lisa on the web site of the
Louvre museum.”)
Value Space
vCard, as defined by
IMC vCard 3.0
(IETF RFC 2425:1998,
IETF RFC
2426:1998).
Datatype
CharacterString
(smallest
permitted
maximum: 1000
char)
Example
“BEGIN:VCARD
N:Friday;Joe
FN:Joe Friday
TEL:+1-919-555-7878
TITLE:Area Administrator\, Assistant
EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:jfriday@host.com
VERSION:3.0
END:VCARD”
“BEGIN:VCARD\nFN:Joe Friday\nTEL:+1-919-555-7878\nTITLE:Area Administrator\, Assistant\n
EMAIL\;TYPE=INTERN\nET:jfriday@host.com\nEND:VCARD\n”
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3
Change item 7.2.2: Relation.Description of clause 6 as follows
Nr
7.2.2
Name
Description
Explanation
Description of the target
learning object.
Size
smallest
permitted
maximum:
10 items
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5
Change item 8.1: Annotation.Entity of clause 6 as follows
Nr
8.1
Name
Entity
Explanation
Entity (i.e., people,
organization) that created
this annotation.
Size
1
Order
unspecified
NOTE— In this example the only character
escaping rules applied are those defined in
RFC 2426. Other binding-specific character
escaping rules may be necessary; for instance,
7
Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
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IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
if the LOM XML binding is used, line breaks
may be escaped as character references (i.e.
&#13;&#10;).
1
2
Change item 9.1: Classification.Purpose of clause 6 as follows
Nr
9.1
Name
Purpose
Explanation
The purpose of classifying
this learning object.
Size
1
Order
unspecified
Value Space
discipline
idea
prerequisite
educational objective
accessibility
restrictions
accessibility restrictions
educational level
skill level
security level
competency
Datatype
Vocabulary
(State)
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4
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Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
Example
-
Comentario [J3]:
“accessibility restrictions” must
remain in the same line!
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
1
8. DateTime
2
Change item 1:DateTime of clause 8 as follows
Nr
1
Name
DateTime
Explanation
A point in time with
accuracy at least as
small as one second.
Size
1
Order
unspecified
Value Space
YYYY[-MM[-DD[Thh[:mm[:ss[.s[TZD]]]]]]]
YYYY[-MM[-DD[Thh[:mm[:ss[.s]]][TZD]]]]
where:
YYYY is the four-digit year (>=0001)
MM is the two-digit month (01 through 12 where
01=January, etc.)
DD is the two-digit day of month (01 through 31,
depending on value of month and year)
hh is two digits of hour (00 through 23) (am/pm
NOT allowed)
mm is two digits of minute (00 through 59)
ss is two digits of second (00 through 59)
s is one or more digits representing a decimal
fraction of a second
TZD is the time zone designator (“Z” for UTC or
+hh:mm or -hh:mm)
At least the four-digit year must be present. If
additional parts of the DateTime are included, the
character literals “-”, “T”, “:”, and “.” are part of
the character lexical representation for the datetime.
If the time portion is present, but the time zone
designator is not present, the time zone is
interpreted as being UTC.
NOTES
1—This value space is based on ISO 8601:2000.
(see also http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime970915.html)
2—The date portion only represents dates in the
Common Era (CE). The date portion follows the
Gregorian calendar for dates after October 15,
1582, and the Julian calendar for dates prior to
October 15, 1582, independent of locale. Dates
Before Common Era (BCE) and other cases should
be represented using the “Description” data item.
9
Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
Datatype
CharacterString
(smallest
permitted
maximum: 200
char)
Example
“1999-01-11” (January 11th,
1999)
“1997-07-16T19:20:30+01:00”
(July 16th, 1997, 30 seconds past
7.20 p.m. with a time offset of 1
hour with respect to UTC)
IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
3—The square bracket meta characters (“[“, “]”)
indicate optional elements that may appear zero or
one time in the character lexical representation of
the DateTime. These meta characters do not appear
in the result; only the associated values described
appear, e.g., “DD” is replaced by the corresponding
2 digit value for day of month.
10
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IEEE P1484.12.1-2002/Cor 1/D4, December 2008
1
1
Copyright © <2008> IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.