Safety clothing for masonry work Avoid fines, hassles, and injuries by dressing appropriately for the job By Kenneth A. Hooker Requirements for protective clothing depend on the particular hazards a worker is exposed to. While wet-cutting masonry units onsite, this mason wears a hard hat, protective goggles, and rubber gloves that protect against electric shock. C onstruction workers in all trades can find excuses not to follow sound safety practices, especially when it comes to wearing appropriate protective gear. “The clothes are too hot and they restrict my freedom of movement.” “I can’t feel what I’m doing when I wear gloves.” “My hard hat falls off when I bend over.” But masonry work involves real hazards, and wearing the right clothing reduces the risk of injury. Furthermore, not wear- ing it can subject your employer to substantial fines. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) can and does enforce federal regulations regarding protective equipment. Some general contractors and building owners apply more rigorous standards for subcontractors whose crews work on their sites. And common sense dictates other measures you should take, whether or not they’re absolutely mandatory. OSHA regulations For the most part, OSHA’s standards involve judgment calls. They don’t say that all masons working under any conditions must wear specific protective clothing. Rather, they require all workers exposed to a reasonable risk of X to do Y. If you are exposed to harmful dust, for example, you must wear a protective mask or respirator. If you’re in danger of being hit by a falling object, you must wear a hard hat. Employers are held responsible for educating employees about safety practices, making the required protective equipment available, and insisting that it is used. Though this approach allows for interpretation of the risks involved in a particular situation, as a contractor you’d better hope your assessment of the risk coincides with that of the OSHA inspector. Otherwise you’re liable to be fined, even if you believe you acted safely. As an employee, you also need to be sure that your attitude toward safety clothing is in synch with your employer’s. Otherwise you’re liable to be sent home and docked for the time lost. Finally, think clearly about your own safety. No reasonable person wants to be injured, disabled, or killed. Most of us think we’re invulnerable, but accidents happen on construction sites with disturbing frequency and without advance warning. If one happened to you, you could spend a lifetime regretting your own negligence in protecting yourself. Outlined below are some of the most common articles of protective clothing, along with their application to masonry work. Hard hats Hard hats are required on almost all construction sites. Their purpose is to protect against head injuries caused by flying or falling objects or by bumping the head against a fixed object. Protective headgear must do two things— resist penetration and absorb the shock of a blow. OSHA-approved hard hats conform to ANSI standard Z89.1-1969 (Ref. 1). A properly fitting hard hat should be raised slightly off the head so it can cushion and absorb blows. The bands inside the hat should be adjusted so that the hat fits properly and rests in a fairly level position. Hard hats should be available at all times, but they need not be worn under certain circumstances. When working on garden walls or other projects isolated from other trades, masons may not be required to wear hard hats. Some contractors allow masons to go without hard hats if they’re working at the top of the wall and no work is in progress overhead. Safety shoes Leather work boots offer more protection than gym shoes or sneakers and are required on most jobsites. Safety boots protect against injuries caused by dropping heavy objects on the foot, or by stepping on sharp objects or scraps of masonry materials. Boots also help protect the ankles from scrapes and bruises. Eye protection OSHA requires eye protection equipment whenever there is a reasonable probability that an injury could be prevented by its use. In normal brick- and block-laying, eye protection generally is not required. Certain operations, though, present distinct risks of eye injury and thus call for the use of protective goggles or other eye protection. Among these activities are: ■ sawcutting units or walls ■ grinding or chipping out mortar joints for tuckpointing ■ splitting stone ■ any other work that presents a danger of chips or dust flying into the eyes OSHA-approved eye protection must conform to ANSI Z 87.1- 1968 (Ref. 2). Individuals who wear corrective glasses must wear face shields, goggles, or spectacles of one of the following types: the trauma to the hands caused by using a chip hammer or other device that produces prolonged and violent vibrations. ■ glasses with protective lenses that provide optical correction ■ goggles worn over corrective spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles ■ goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind the protective glasses Other protective clothing Respiratory protection Respiratory protection is required to prevent occupational diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dust, smoke, mist, gases, and vapors. Again, masonry work results in such exposure only when certain tasks are performed. Masons and laborers should wear dust masks or other approved respiratoryprotective devices when they are engaged in grinding or sawcutting operations. When using any chemical agents, mortar additives, cleaning chemicals, and the like, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations with regard to protective equipment and other safety measures. Mixing and spraying certain chemicals can put you at risk of respiratory damage, so take any necessary precautions. Gloves Work gloves protect hands from cuts and scrapes caused by handling rough-textured masonry units. They also can help prevent chemical burns from exposure to fresh mortar. Though gloves are not ordinarily required for masonry work, they often are useful. In some cases, work gloves of specific types are required. Rubber gloves and boots should be worn to reduce the risk of electric shock when wet-sawing or working with other power tools in the vicinity of water. Protective gloves with vibration-deadening silastic in the palms and fingers can help ease Though OSHA generally does not require it, sensible work clothes can help prevent injuries and contribute to a safer jobsite. Mason and author Richard T. Kreh makes specific recommendations in his book, Safety for Masons (Ref. 3): ■ Wear long pants of medium- or heavyweight material to protect legs from scrapes and cuts. Avoid cuffs that can catch on scaffolding. ■ Wear a shirt for protection from welding sparks and flying masonry chips. Keep sleeves rolled up or buttoned so they don't catch on objects. ■ Dress appropriately for the weather, but avoid loose or bulky garments that can restrict free movement and catch on objects. Besides these safety concerns, some contractors and building owners prohibit masons from working in shorts or without a shirt for the sake of decorum. References 1. ANSI Z89.1-1969, “Requirements for Industrial Head Protection,” American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. 2. ANSI Z87.1-1968, “Practice for Industrial and Educational Eye and Face Protection,” ANSI. 3. Richard Kreh, Sr., Safety for Masons, Delmar Publishers Inc., Box 15-015, Albany, NY 12212. PUBLICATION #M920136 Copyright © 1992, The Aberdeen Group All rights reserved