BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
TIN-KAN HUNG
Present Position
Professor of Bioengineering
Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. U.S.A. 15261
tkhung@pitt.edu
(412)624-9896; FAX (412) 383-8788
Education
Ph.D. Mechanics & Hydraulics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 1966
M.S. Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 1962
B.S. Hydraulic Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, 1959
Professional Experience
Professor of Bioengineering, Department of Bioengineering, 2004-present
Distinguished Visiting Professor, Department of Marine Engineering and Environment,
National Sun Yet-Sen University, June and July, 2007
Visiting Professor, Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering and Tainan Hydraulics
Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, May-July, 2008
Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
1997-present
Research Professor of Civil Engineering and Bioengineering, Department of Civil
Engineering, 1975-1997
Research Professor of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of
Pittsburgh, 1975-1997
Associate Director, Spinal Injury Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, 1975-1978
Associate Professor of Civil Engineering & Bioengineering, Carnegie Mellon University,
1970-1975
Visiting Associate Professor of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1972
Summer
Assistant Professor of Bioengineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 1967-1970
Research Engineer, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, and Instructor, Department of
Mechanics and Hydraulics, University of Iowa, 1966-1967
Research Associate, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, University of Iowa, 1963-1966
Research Assistant, University of Iowa, 1962-1963
Society Membership
American Society of Civil Engineers, 1965-Present
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1981-Present
International Association of Hydraulic Research, 1966-Present
Society of Sigma Xi, 1965Society of Engineering Science, 1974-80
Chi Epsilon Civil Engineering Honor Society, 1981-Present
Society of Neuroscience, 1976-1988
Society of Urodynamics, 1969-1980
Editorial Board
Co-Editor in Chief, Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 2011
Board, Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 2001-2010
Editorial Board, J. of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, 1980-1999
Editorial Board, _J. of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 1974-78 and1981-82
Publication Board, International Journal of Science and Engineering, 1983-88
Advisory
Professional Committee
Chairman, Bioengineering Education Committee for PA BECP, 1968-1969
Chairman, Fluids Committee, Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, 1976-1978;
Vice Chairman, 1979; member, 1974-79; control member, 1979-84 and 1986
Chairman, Ad Hoc Task Committee on Bioengineering and Human Factors, ASCE,
1972-1976; Vice-Chairman 1976-78
Alternate Observer to Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology,
Representing the associate membership of ASCE, 1976-80 and 1983
Alternate Delegate to Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology,
Representing the associate membership of ASCE, 1980-82
Chairman, Bioengineering Committee, EMD, ASCE, 1980-1982;Vice Chairman,
1978-80; Control member, 1981-85 and 1986
Chairman, Task Committee on Civil Engineering in Biomedicine and Health Care
System, ASCE, 1980-81; Member 1973-80
Member, Program Committee, EMD, ASCE, 1974-77, 1979, 1981-1982
Member, ASME Bioengineering Publication Committee, 1974-1976
Member, ASME Biomechanics Committee, 1974-76 and 1984
Member, Honors Committee, BED, ASME, 1985-1990
Member, Organizing Committee for establishing U.S. National Committee on
Biomechanics, 1981-1982
Member, U.S. National Committee on Biomechanics, 1982-1984 and 1992present
Board Member, Office of International Conference of Mechanics in Medicine
and Biology, 1983-present
Advisory Board, Tainan Hydraulic Institute, 2003-present
Conference Organization and Activities
Session Chairman, 5th Intern Congress on Rheology, Kyoto, Japan, 1968
Panelist, Panel Discussion on “Biomechanics Research”, ASCE EMD Specialty Conference,
Urbana, IL. 1971
Organizing technical sessions on "Biomechanics" and "Human Factors in Transportation
Engineering” in 1973 ASCE National Transportation Conference, Tulsa, OK.
Organizing a session on "Biomedical Engineering: Cooperative Efforts of Physicians and
Engineers" in 1973 ASCE National Environmental Engineering Conference, NY
Organizing a session on "Validity of Structural Models for Human Body", in 1974 ASCE
Structural Engineering Conference, Cincinnati, OH
Organizing a session of "Human Factors in Engineering Planning" and one session on
"Behavior Problems on Transportation Engineers", in 1974 ASCE Transportation
Engineering Conference, Montreal, Canada
Conference Co-Chairman, the First ASCE Specialty Conference on Human Factors in Civil
Engineering Planning, Design and Education, State University of New York at Buffalo,
N.Y. June 18-20, 1975
Organizing Committee Member, 1975 ASME Biomechanics Symposium, Yale University
Moderator, Panel Discussion "Perspectives of Biomechanics Research and Education
in the Next Decade," in 1976 ASCE EMD Specialty Conference, Waterloo, Canada
Organizing Workshop on Biomechanics: Research and Clinical Application, University of
Pittsburgh, May 24, 1976
Symposium Chairman, Biomechanics Symposium in 1976 ASCE Engineering
Mechanics Specialty Conference at University of Waterloo, Canada
Organizing fluid mechanics and biomechanics sessions at 1977 ASCE EMD
Specialty Conference, North Carolina State University
Moderator, Panel Discussion "Fluid Mech. Research in 1986: What will the problem be?"
1977 ASCE EMD Specialty Conference, Raleigh, NC, May, 1977
Organizing Committee, First International Conferences on Mechanics in Medicine and
Biology (ICMMB), Aachen, Germany, 1978
Conference Co-Chairman, 2nd ASCE Specialty Conference on Human Factors in Civil
Engineering Planning, Design and Education, Polytechnic Institute of New York,
Brooklyn, N.Y. May 17-18, 1979
Organizing fluid mechanics and biomechanics sessions at 1979 ASCE EMD Specialty
Conference at University of Texas at Austin, Sept. 17-19
Moderator, Panel Discussion on "Interface between Macro and Micro Biomechanics” at
the 1979 ASCE EMD Specialty Conference, Austin, TX
Organizing Committee, 2nd ICMMB, Osaka, Japan, 1980
Organizing Committee, 1981 ASME/ASCE Biomechanics Symposium, University of
Colorado, Boulder, Co., June 22-24
Organizing Committee, 3rd ICMMB, Compiegne, France, 1982
Advisory Committee, 1983 ASCE EMD Specialty Conference, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Advisory Committee, 1984 ASCE EMD Specialty Conference, University of Wyoming,
Laramie, Wyoming
Symposium Co-Chairman, 1985 ASME/ASCE Biomechanics Symposium, University of
New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, June 22-24
Advisory Committee, The 12th International Conference on Mechanics in Medicine and
Biology, Lenmos Island, Greece, September 9-13, 2002
Advisory Committee, The 13th International Conference on Mechanics in Medicine and
Biology, Tainan, Taiwan, November 12-15, 2004
Advisory Committee, The 15th International Conference on Mechanics in Medicine and
Biology, Singapore, December 6-8, 2006
Chairman, the 16th International Conference on Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 2008.
Research Consulting Service
NIH Consultant, 1974-85
Site Visit for National Heart and Lung Institute to Columbia Univ. for Ischemic Heart Disease
Specialized Center of Research, 1974
Research Proposal Reviewer for NSF
Research Proposal Reviewer for NIH
Research Proposal Reviewer for DOE
Research Proposal Reviewer for Western Pennsylvania Advanced Technology Center
Research Proposal Reviewer for National Research Council, R.O.C.
U.S.-China cooperative research project on reservoir compressibility effects on Arch Dams, 1991
Experimental model studies of dynamic effects of sediment on dam hydrodynamics, Institute of
Water Resources and Hydropower Research, China, 1996
U.S.-China cooperative research project on sediment effects on Loungyangxia Dam, 1998
Water Resources Bureau, Republic of China, 1998-2001
Honors and Recognitions
Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize, American Society of Civil Engineers,
1978
Listed in Hydraulics in the United States: 1776-1976, Hunter Rouse, Institute of Hydraulic
Research, University of Iowa, 1976
Member, National Research Council, the Republic of China, 1976-1980
Service Award, the National Research Council of the Republic of China, 1979
Elected by Civil Engineering students to Chi Epsilon for teaching excellence, 1980
Who's Who in Engineering, 1980Who's Who in Technology Today, 1981Who's Who in Frontier Science and Technology, 1983Who's Who in America, 1984Who's Who in the East, 1984Merit Awards, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1983, 1984 and 1985
Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, 1993
Fellow, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994
Distinguished Alumni Award, Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National
Cheng Kung University, 1994
Outstanding Alumni Award, North American National Cheng-Kung University Alumni
Association and Foundation, 2003
Research Grant Award (As the Principal Investigator)
NSF Grant on “Blood Flow Past Aortic Heart Valve”.
NIH Grant, "Convective Membrane Oxygenator”.
Western Pennsylvania Heart Association Grant, "Assessment of the Hemodynamics of Diseased
Left Ventricle”.
NIH Grant, "Biomechanics of Experimental Spinal Cord Injury".
NSF Grant, "Pulsatile Flows in Deformable Vessels".
NIH Grant, "Analysis of Pulsatile Flows in Curved Arteries".
NIH Grant, "Biomechanics of Experimental Spinal Cord Injury".
NSF Grant, "A Nonlinear Analysis of Hydrodynamic Pressures on Dams During Earthquake”.
NIH Grant Award, "Nonlinear Blood Flow During Intra-Aortic Pumping".
Allegheny Singer Research Institute Grant, "Investigation of Spinal Cord Injury with NMR
Spectroscopy".
NSF Grant Award, “Dynamic Effect of Sediment on Dam-Water-Foundation Interaction”.
Tjing Ling Industrial Research Institute Contracts, “Assessment of Dam Safety During
Earthquakes”.
(As Co-Principal Investigator)
Western PA Heart Association, Inc., "Etched Microchannel Membrane Oxygenator”.
Western PA Heart Association, Inc., "Pumpless Microchannel Membrane Oxygenator”.
The Health Research & Services Foundation," Long-Term Microchannel Membrane
Oxygenation--Antithrombotic Coatings”.
Western PA Heart Association, Inc., "Combined Hemodialysis/Membrane Oxygenation
System".
The Health Research & Services Foundation, "A Comparison of Cardiac Performance in
Microchannel Membrane Oxygenation”.
The Health Research & Service Foundation, "Long Term Microchannel Membrane
Oxygenation: Anti-trombotic Coating and Membrane Compatibility”.
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute,"Bioengineering-Biological Study of Arterial
Disease”.
NIH grant on "A Shared VAX Computer for NIH Funded Research”.
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, “Bioengineering-Biological Study of Arterial
Disease”.
Keynotes and Invited Lectures
"From Heart to Capillaries-Recent Advances in Hemodynamics," The 12th Annual
Meeting of Soc. of Engineering Science, Austin, TX; 1975.
"The Challenge in Cardiovascular Flow Mechanics" The 1st International Conference on
Mechanics in Medicine & Biology, Aachen, W. Germany Aug. 30 to Sept. 1, 1978.
"Biorheology and Biomechanics of Experimental Injury to the Spinal Cords of Cats and
Dogs," The 2nd International Conference on Mechanics in Medicine & Biology,
Osaka, Japan, June 5-7, 1980.
"Nonlinear Pulsatile Flows," The 9th Annual American Society of Biomechanics
Conference, Ann Arbor, MI, 1985.
"Nonlinear Characteristics of Pulsatile Flows," The 5th International Conference
on Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, Bolognia, Italy, July 1-6, 1986.
"Biorheology and Biomechanics of Spinal Cord Injury," The 3rd International Biomechanics
Symposium, Taipei, Taiwan, July, 1987.
“Effects of Sediments on Reservoir Hydrodynamic Response”, International Conference on
Mathematical Modeling, Universti Brunei Darussalam, Negara Brunei Darussalam, 1995.
“Hydrodynamic Analysis of reservoir During Earthquake with Dam-Water-SedimentFoundation Interaction,” Special Symposium Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Tainan
Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng-Kung University, December, 2000.
“Fluid Mechanics Characteristics of Some Biological Flow Processes”, The 13th International
Conference on Mechanics in Medicine and Biology”, Tainan, Taiwan, November 12-15,
2003.
“Fluid Mechanics Analyses of Cardiac Pumping and Assist,” The 25th ICMMB, Singapore,
December 6-8, 2006.
Publications
A. Chapter in Books
Bugliarello, G., A.K.C. Wong, T.K. Hung, M.H. Weissman, A.S. Ahuja and K.P. Stark,
"Hydro-Biomes: A Perspective on Technological Implications of Biological Flows,"
Advances in Hydroscience, Ed. by V.T. Chow, Academic Press, N.Y., Vol. 7, pp.
327-374, 1970.
Bugliarello, G., T.K. Hung and C.E. Quevedo, "Fluid Flow," Biomedical Engineering, Ed. by
J.R.U. Brown, J.E. Jacobs and L. Stark, F.A. Davis Co. of Philadelphia, pp. 41-65, 1970.
Hung, T.K. and G. Bugliarello, "Information Theory and the Ureter: From a Hydrodynamic
Point of View,” Urodynamics, Ed. by S. Boyarsky et. al., Academic Press, N.Y. pp.
486-492, 1971.
Hung, T.K. Editor, Advances in Biomechanics, a Special Volume of the Journal of
Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, EM1, February, 1978.
Hung, T.K., G. Bugliarello and C.E. Quevedo, "Basic Equations for Fluids and Solids,"
Advances _in Cardiovascular Physics, Ed. by D.N. Ghista, et. al., S. Karger, N.Y.,
Vol. 1, pp. 47-83, 1979.
Albin, M.S., T.K. Hung and M. Babinski, "Epidemiology, Critical Care, Experimental
Therapeutics and Physiopathology of Acute Spinal Cord Injury," The Patient with
Spinal Cord Injury, Edited by P.G. Antypas, Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago,
IL, XVII, 190-204, 1980.
Hung, T.K. Editor, Advances in Fluid Mechanics, a Special Volume of the Journal of
Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, EM3, June, 1981.
Pedley, T.J., T.K. Hung and R. Skalak, "Fluid Mechanics of Cardiovascular Flow,"
Perspectives _in Biomechanics, Ed. by H. Reul, D.N. Ghista, and G. Rau, Harvard
Academic Publishers, Aachen, Germany Vol. 1, pp. 113-226, 1981.
Borovetz, H.S., R.L. Hardesty, B.P. Griffin, G.M. Deeb and T.K. Hung, "Arterio-Venous
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Partial Respiratory Support," Techniques in
Extracorporeal Circulation, 2nd Edition, Edited by M. Ionescu, Butterworth & Co.,
London, pp. 633-671, 1981.
Hung, T.K., "Hemodynamic Analysis of Heart Valves, Advances _in Cardiovascular Physics,
Ed. by D.N. Ghista, et. al., S. Karger, N.Y., Vol. 5, pp. 106-118, 1983.
Bunegin, L., T.K. Hung and G.L. Chang, "Biomechanics of Spinal Cord Injury," Critical Care
Clinics, Edited by M.S. Albin, W.B. Saunders Co., vol. 3, 453-473, 1987.
Hung, T. K. and G.L. Chang, "Biorheology and Deformation of Spinal Cord Injury,"
Biomedical Engineering, ed. by Wen-Jei Yang and Chun-Jean Lee, Hemisphere
Publishing Corp., 89-100, 1989.
Hung, T.K. “Unsteady Flows with Moving Boundaries: Pulsating Blood Flows and Earthquake
Hydrodynamics”, Reflections and Outlook of Engineering Mechanics, World
Scientific, 2005.
Chen, B.F., Y.H. Yu and T.K. Hung, “Large-Reynolds-Number flow across a translating circular
cylinder with high oscillating frequencies”, Reflections and Outlook of Engineering
Mechanics, World Scientific, 2005.
Hung, T.K., “On Van C. Mow’s Dedication to Bioengineering Science and Education and
Happiness”, in a book edited by X. Guo et al, World Scientific Publisher, 2011.
B. Fluid Mechanics of Laminar Vortices
Hung, T.K. and E.O. Macagno, "Laminar Eddies in a Two-Dimensional Conduit Expansion,"
LaHouille Blanche, Vol. 4, pp. 391-401, 1966.
Hung, T.K., "Effect d'un Changement Instantane de Viscosite sur le calcul d'un Tourbillon
Laminaire," C.R. Academie de Science, Vol. 262, 775-776, 1966.
Hung, T.K., "A Computational Investigation of Impulsively-Generated Eddies," Proceedings of
the Twelfth Congress of the IAHR, Vol. 2, 315-322, 1967.
Macagno, E.O. and T.K. Hung, "Pressure, Bernoulli Sum and Momentum and Energy Relations
in a Laminar Zone of Separation," The Physics of Fluids, Vol. 10, #1, pp. 78-92, 1967.
Macagno, E.O. and T.K. Hung, "Computational and Experimental Study of a Captive Annular
Eddy," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 28, #1, pp. 43-64, 1967.
Giaquinta, A. and T.K. Hung, "Slow Non-Newtonian Flow in a Zone of Separation," Journal
of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE pp. 1521-1538, 1968.
Macagno, E.O. and T.K. Hung, "Growth of Eddies in a Flow Expansion," Proceedings of the
7th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, 1968.
Macagno, E.O. and T.K. Hung, "Computational Study of Accelerated Flow in a
Two-Dimensional Conduit Expansion," Journal _of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 8, (1),
pp. 41-64, 1969.
Hung, T.K. and S.A. Naff, "A Mathematical Model of Systolic Blood Flow Through a
Bifurcation," Proceedings _of the 8th ICMBE, Chicago, 1969
Chen, B.F., Y.H. Yu and T.K. Hung, “Viscous Flows across an Oscillating Circular Cylinder”,
Proceeding of 2004 ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, June.
Hung, T.K. “Unsteady flows with moving boundaries: Pulsating blood flows and earthquake
hydrodynamics”, Advances in Engineering Mechanics: Reflections and Outlooks, edited by
A.T. Chwang, M.H. Teng and D.T. Valentine, World Scientific, pp. 446-473, 2006.
Chen, B.F., Yu, Y.H. and Hung, T.K. “Large-Reynolds-Number flow across a translating circular
cylinder”, Advances in Engineering Mechanics: Reflections and Outlooks, edited by A.T.
Chwang, M.H. Teng and D.T. Valentine, World Scientific, pp. 625-632, 2006.
C.
Other Computational Fluid Mechanics
Macagno, E.O. and T.K. Hung, "Shear and Velocity Distribution in Shallow Channels,"
Journal _of Hydraulic Division; ASCE, 90, HY5, pp. 169-175, 1964.
Newsham, A.D., E.O. Macagno and T.K. Hung, "A Preliminary Analysis of the M140 Recoil
Mechanism," II:~R Report No. 100, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, University of
Iowa, 1966.
Macagno, E.O. and T.K. Hung, "Computational Stability of Explicit Difference Form of
Equations for Viscous Fluid Flow," Institute of Hydraulic Research, University of Iowa,
Reprint No. 230, LaHouille Blanche, No. 1,1967.
Hung, T.K., "Non-Newtonian Flows in a Two-Dimensional Cavity," 5th International Congress
on Rheology, 1968.
Macagno, E.O., A.D. Newsham and T.K. Hung, "Analysis of the M140 Recoil Mechanism,"
IIHR Report No. 113, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, University of Iowa, 1968.
Hung, T.K., "A Numerical Analysis of Circulatory Motion of a Stratified Liquid," Proceedings
_of the 13th~International Association for Hydraulic Research, B35, 1-6 and errata 3-4,
1969.
Padmanabhan, H.I., W.F. Ames, J.F. Kennedy and T.K. Hung, "A Numerical
Investigation of the Wake Deform in Density-Stratified Fluid," Journal of
Engineering Mathematics, Vol. 4, pp. 229-241, 1970.
Hung, T.K., "Spiral Flows in Finite Rotating Annular Tubes," Journal of the Engineering
Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 99, #EMI, pp. 13-19, 1973.
Hung, T.K. and T.D. Brown, "A Numerical Method for Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations
in Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates," Journal of Computational Physics, Vol.
23, pp. 343-363, 1977.
Hung, T.K., S.M. Huang, J. Jannetta and T.C. Hung, "Calculations of Boundary Layer and
Flow Separation," Proceedings _of the 3rd ASCE EMD Specialty Conference, Austin,
TX, pp. 273-276, 1979.
Hung, T.K. "Forcing Functions in the Navier-Stokes Equations," Journal of Engineering
Mechanics Division, Vol. 107, pp. 643-648, 1981.
Hung, T.K., W.S. Cheng, S.M. Huang, M.C. Tsai and M.H. Wang, "Unsteady Flows with
Movable Boundaries," Proceedings _of 20th International Association for Hydraulic
Research, Moscow, USSR, Sept. 1983.
Hung, T.K. and S.M. Huang, "A Computation of Unsteady Flows Past Airfoil with an Upward
and Down Motion," Proceedings _of the 3rd ASCE EMD Specialty Conference,
1146-1149, May, 1983.
Rashidi, M. M., M. Keimanesh, O. Anwar Beg and T.K. Hung, “Magnetohydrodynamic
BioRheological Transport Phenomena in a Porous Medium: A simulation of
magnetic blood flow control and filtration”, International Journal of Numerical
Methods for Biomedical Engineering, 2010.
Chu, C. C., Yu, Y. H., Chen, B. F. and Hung, T. K., “A time-independent finite difference analysis of
viscous flow across a translating circular cylinder”, Journal of Marine Science and Technology,
2010.
D.
Fluid Mechanics of Heart Valves and Cardiac Mechanics
Hung, T.K. et al. "Hemodynamic Information and Analysis of Cardiac Pumping," Journal of
Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 8, No.1 (2008) 1-9, Feb.2008.
Hung, T.K., "A Computational Model of Blood Flow Past Articial Heart Valves,"
Proceedings of Annual Conference _on Engineering _in Medicine and Biology, 10,
Vol. 16, p. 1, 1968.
Hung, T.K., "Numerical Analysis of Hemodynamics of Blood Flow Past Aortic Valve,"
Proceedings _of the 8th ICMBE, Chicago, 6.11, July, 1969.
Schuessler, George B. and T.K. Hung, "Blood Flow Past a Stenotic Aortic Valve: A
Computer Simulation," Proceedings _of the 23rd ACEMB, Wash,. D.C., November
15-19, 1970.
Hung, T.K. and G. Schuessler, "Computational Analysis as an Aid to the Design of Heart
Valves," Advances in Bioengineering, Edited by R.G. Buckles, Chem. Eng. Progress
Symposium Series, 114, 67, pp. 8-17, 1971.
Schuessler, George B. and T.K. Hung, "Hemodynamics During the Opening of a Heart
Valve: A Computational Analysis," Proceedings _of 25th ACEMB, Vol. 34, 1972.
Hung, T.K., H.H. Shih, R. Malaiyandi and D.M.Enerson, "On the Hemodynamic Interaction of
Artificial Aortic and Mitral Valves," Proceedings of 26th ACEMB, Minneapolis, MN,
October 1973.
Hung, T.K. and G.B. Schuessler, "An Analysis of the Hemodynamics of the Opening of
Aortic Valves," Journal _of Biomechanics, Vol. 10, pp. 597-606, 1977.
Hung, T.K., G.B. Schuessler, D.M. Enerson, H.H. Shih, R.J. Jaramillo and H.S. Borovetz,
"Pressure-Flow Relationship and Dynamic Behavior of Prosthetic Heart Valves" _The
South African Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 101-107, 1978.
Hung, T.K., Balasubramanian, S. Simon, M.A., Suffoletto, M., Borovetz, H.S., Gorcsan, J.A.
Hemodynamic information and analysis of cardiac pumping, Journal of Mechanics in
Medicine and Biology, March, 2008.
Hung, T.K. “A Novel Hemodynamic Analysis of Echocardiogram”, Biomechanics: From
Molecules to Man: Tributes to Yuan-Cheng Fung on His 90th Birthday, Editors, Shu
Chien, Peter C-Y Chen, Greert W. Schmid-Schonbein, Ping Tong and Savio L-Y Woo,
81-89, World Scientific, 2010.
Lin, Yi-Dong, Ming-Long Yeh, Yu-Jen Yang, Da-Ching Tsai, Ting-Yu Chu, Ya-Yun Shih,
Min-Yao Chang, Yen-Wen Liu, Alan C.L. Tang, Tsai-Yun Chen, Chwan-Yau Luo,
Kung-Chao Chang, Jyh-Hong Chen, Hua-Lin Wu, Tin-Kan Hung and Patrick C.H.
Hsieh, “Intramyocardial Peptide Nanofiber Injection Improves PostinfarctionVentricular
Remodeling and Efficacy of Bone Marrow Cell Therapy in Pigs”, Circulation, 2010,
122; S132-S141.
E. Flow in Microcirculation
Bugliarello, G., T.K. Hung and C.C. James, Jr., "Model Studies of the Hydrodynamic
Characteristics of an Erythrocyte; II Drag of an Individual Erythrocyte;
Erythrocyte-Wall Interaction", Proceedings of the 5th International Congress _on
Rheology 2, pp. 85-97, 1970.
Hung, T.C., T.K. Hung and G. Bugliarello, "The Flow of Blood in Small Curved Tubes,"
Proceedings of the 24th ACEMB, 3.16, 1971.
Hung, T.K., M.H. Weissman and G. Bugliarello, "A Numerical Model for Oscillatory Flow and
Oxygen Transfer in the Axial Plasmatic Gaps of Capillaries," Theoretical and Clinical
Hemorheology, Ed. by H.H. Hartert and A.L. Copley, pp. 60-70, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, 1971.
Bugliarello, G., M. Duffey and T.K. Hung, "Model Studies of the Hydrodynamic
Characteristics of an Erythrocyte. III. Drag and Lift in an Erythrocyte-Erythrocyte
Interaction," Theoretical and Clinical Hemorheology, edited by H.H. Hartert and A.L.
Copley, 30-46, Springer-Verleg, Berlin. 1971.
Shih, Hsing-Hua and T.K. Hung, "A Model Study of Wall-Effect of the Hydrodynamic
Characteristics of Erythrocyte-Shaped Bodies," Proceedings of 25th ACEMB, 34.11,
1972.
Perlin, A. and T.K. Hung, "Flow Development of a Train of .Particles in Capillaries," Journal
of Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, 104, pp. 49-66, 1978.
Hung, T.C., T.K. Hung and G. Bugliarello, "Blood Flow in Capillary Tubes: Curvature and
Gravity Effects," Biorheology, Vol. 17, pp. 331-342, 1980.
Hung, T.C., T.K. Hung and G. Bugliarello, "Blood Flow Through Straight and Curved
Capillary Glass Tubes," Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 12, pp. 945-947, 1979.
Hung, T.C., T.K. Hung and G. Bugliarello, "Blood Flow Resistance in Capillary with Gravity
Effect," Proceedings _of the 31st Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and
Biology, 1978.
F. Peristaltic Flows
Hung,T.K., "An Innovative Concept for a Nonsurgical Removal of Calculus from the Ureter,"
Proceedings of the 26th ACEMB, Minneapolis, MN, Oct. 1973.
Brown, T.D., T.C. Hung and T.K. Hung, "Solid Particle Motion Due to Two-Dimensional
Peristalsis," Proceedings _of the 26th ACEMB, Minneapolis, MN, Oct. 1973.
Hung, T.K. and T.D. Brown, "On the Propulsion of a Captive Solid Particle in Peristaltic
Flow," Proceedings _of the 1975 Biomech. Symposium, ASME.
Hung, T.K. and T.D. Brown, "Solid Particle Motion in Two-Dimensional Peristaltic Flows,"
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 73, pp. 7797, 1976
Brown, T.D. and T.K. Hung, "Computational and Experimental Investigation
ofTwo-Dimensional Non-Linear Peristaltic Flows," Journal _of Fluid Mechanics, Vol.
83, pp. 249-272, 1977.
Brown, T.D. and T.K. Hung, "On the Non-Linear Flow Characteristics of Occlusive Peristaltic
Waves," Proceedings _of the 1977 Biomechanics Symposium, ASME and AMD, Vol.
23, pp. 35-38.
Brown, T.D. and T.K. Hung, "Numerical Method for Nonlinear Peristaltic Flows," in Advances
_in Civil Engineering Through Engineering Mechanics, Proceedings of the 2nd ASCE
EMD Specialty Conference, Edited by D.L. Dean, pp. 32-35, 1977.
R. Bhargava, S. Sharma, H.S. Takhar, T.A. Bég, O.A. Bég, T.K. Hung, “ Peristaltic pumping if
Micropolar fluid in porous channel-model for stenosed artery, J. Biomechanics, 2010.
G. Pulsatile Flows
Hung, T.K., "Vortices in Pulsatile Flow," Proceedings _of the 5th International Congress _on
Rheology, Kyoto, Japan, Vol. 2, pp. 115-127, 1970.
Hung, T.K., M.C. Tsai and T.C. Hung, "Computational Analysis of Pulsatile Flows Through
Rigid and Deformable Vessels," 1980 Advances in Bioengineering, ASME, Ed. by V.
Mow, pp.173=175, 1980.
Hung, T.K. and W.S. Cheng," A Computational of Three-Dimensional Flows in Deformable
Curved Tubes," Proceedings _of the 1981 ASME/ASCE Biomechanics Symposium,
1981.
Cheng, W.S. and T.K. Hung, "A Computation of Pulsatile Flow in Rigid and Deformable
Tubes," Proceedings of the 3rd ICMMB, 193-194, 1982.
Cheng, W.S. and T.K. Hung, "A Comparative Study of Resistance and Wall Shear of
Pulsating Flows in Rigid and Deformable Curved Tubes," Proceedings of 1983
ASME Biomechanics Symposium, 171-174, June.
Tsai, M.C. and T.K. Hung, "A Comparative Study of Pulsatile Flows in Rigid and Deformable
Stenotic Vessels," Proceedings _of the 4th ICMMB, 107-110, 1984.
Borovetz, H.S., A.M. Brant, E.M. Sevick, E.C. Farrell, E.C. Klein, C. Wall and T.K. Hung,
Characterization of the Transport of 14C-4 Cholesterol Between Serum and Canine
Carotid Arteries under Conditions of Physiological Oscillatory Flow," Proceedings _of
the 4th ICMMB, 41-44, July, 1984.
Hung, T.K., W.S. Cheng and D.F. Li, "Unsteady Flows in Curved Arteries with Entrance
Effects," Forum _on Unsteady Flows _in Biological Systems ed. by M.H. Friedman and
D.C. Wiggert, 1985 ASME/ASCE Biomechanics Symposium, 111-112, June.
Hung, T.K., "Nonlinear Characteristics of Pulsatile Flows," Proceedings of the 5th ICMMB,
Bolognia, Italy, 87-89, 1986.
Hung, T.K., W.S. Cheng and D.F. Li, "Pulsatory Entry Flow in a Curved Tube," Advances in
Aerodynamics, _Fluid _Mechanics and Hydraulics, ASCE, ed. by R.E.A. Arndt,
H.G. Stefan, C_ Farell and S.M. Peterson, 669-676, 1986.
Tsai, M.D. and T.K. Hung, "Numerical Solution of Pulsatile Laminar Flow in Stenotic
Vessels," Advances in Aerodynamics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics, ASCE, ed.
by R.E.A. Arndt et al., 685-692, 1986.
Borovetz, H.S., A.M. Brant and T.K. Hung, "Arterial Wall Biomechanics," Proceedings _of
the 5th International Conference on Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 67-70, 1986.
Johnson, G., H.S. Borovetz, A.M. Brant, S.M. Mehta and T.K. Hung, "Determination of Shear
Rates Acting on Canine Carotid Arteries Perfused In-vitro," Proceedings _of 1987
ASME Biomechanics Symposium, AMD, 84, 53-56, 1987.
Li, D.F. and T.K. Hung, "Pulsatile Flows in Curved Arteries", Proceedings of the International
Conference on Fluid Mechanics, Supplement, 34-39, Beijing, CHINA, 1987.
Brant, A.M., J.F. Chmielewski, T.K. Hung and H.S. Borovetz, "Simulation In-vitro of
Pulsatile Vascular Hemodynamics Using a CAD/CAM Designed Cam Disc and Roller
Follower," Artificial Organs, 10, 419-421, 1986.
Johnson, G.A., T.K. Hung, A.M. Brant and H.S. Borovetz, "Experimental Determination of
Wall Shear Rate in Canine Carotid Arteries Perfused In-vitro," J. of Biomechanics,
1987.
Hung, T.K. and J.H. Guan, "Axisymmetric Flows with an Intra-Aortic Balloom Pumping,"
Proceedings of ASCE Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference, 1988.
Hung, T.K., T. Natan,Jr. and H.S. Borovetz, "Fluid Mechanical Analysis of Blood Flows with
an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping," Proceedings _of World Congress on Medical Physics
and Biomedical Engineering, 1988.
Hung, T.K. and Tommy M.-C. Tsai, “Pulsatile Blood Flows in Stenotic Artery,” Journal of
Engineering Mechanics, ASCE Vol. 122, No. 9, 890-896, 1996.
Hung, T.K. and Tommy M.-C. Tsai, “Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics of Pulsatile
Flows in Stenotic Vessels,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 123, No.
3, 247-259.
Hung, T.K. and T. M.-C. Tsai, “Nonlinear Pulsatile Flows in Rigid and Distensible Arteries”,
Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 4, No. 4, 419-434, December,
2004.
H. Membrane Oxygenator
Weissman, M.H. and T.K. Hung, "Analysis of an Improved Oxygenation Mechanism,"
Proceedings of the Annual Conference _on Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 1968
Weissman, M.H. and T.K. Hung, "Numerical Simulation of Convective Diffusion in Blood
Flowing in a Channel with a Steady, ThreeDimensional Velocity Field," Journal of
AICHE, 17 #1, pp. 25-30, 1971.
Weissman, M.H., T.K. Hung and H.S. Borovetz, "Development of the Etched Channel
Membrane Oxygenator," Proceedings _of 28th ACEMB, p. 240, 1975.
Weissman, H.H., T.K. Hung, R. Hardesty, H.S. Borovetz,
M.S. Albin, "Etched
Micro-Channel Membrane Oxygenator," The American Society for Artificial Internal
Organs Abstracts, 5, 84, March, 1976.
Hung, T.K. and H.S. Borovetz, R.L. Hardesty and M.H. Weissman, "Transport Phenomena
in a Micro-Channel Oxygenator," Advances _in Civil Engineering Through
Engineering Mechanics, (Proc. of the 2nd ASCE EMD Specialty Conference), Ed.
by D.L. Dean, pp. 162-165, 1977.
Griffith, B.P., H.S. Borovetz, R.L. Hardesty, T.K. Hung and H.T. Bahnson,
"Cardiopulmonary Dynamics during Arteriovenous Perfusion: Cardiac Output,
Pulmonary Arterial Resistance and Right Ventricular Stroke Work," The Annals _of
Thoracic Surgery, Vol. 29 No. 1, Jan. 1980.
Borovetz, H. S., R. K. Matta, B. P. Griffith, T. K. Hung, M. H. Weissman and R.L.
Hardesty,"A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Blood Material Interfaces in
Extracorporeal Capillary Flow," Trans. _of the 8th International Conference on
Conference _on X-Ray Optics _on Microanalysis, ed. by E.R. Benman, et al., Pendell
Publishing Co. Midland, MI, pp. 501-508, 1980.
Borovetz, H.S., B.P. Griffith, L.V. Phillips, Jr., A.D. Haubold, D.M. Hercules, T.K. Hung
and R.L. Hardesty, "Scanning Electron Microscopic and Surface Analytical Study of
an Isotropic Vapor Deposited Carbon Film on Microporous Membranes," Scanning
Electron Microscopy, Vol. 1, pp. 85-94, 1978.
Borovetz, H.S., B.P. Griffith, T.K. Hung, R.L. Hardesty and M.H. Weissman,
"Arteriovenous Perfusion with Pulmonary Assist Membrane Oxygenator,"
International Journal _of Artificial Organs, Vol. 1, pp. 232-238, 1978.
Griffith, B. P., R. L. Hardesty, T. K. Hung and H. T. Bahnson, Arteriovenous Extracorporeal
Membrane Oxygenation for Respirator Support," Surgical Forum, Vol. 29, pp.
192-194, 1978.
Griffith, B.P., H.S. Borovetz, R.L. Hardesty, T.K. Hung and H.T. Bahnson, "Arteriovenous
ECMO for Neonatal Respiratory Support--A Study in Perigestatinal Lambs,"
Journal _of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 77, pp. 595-601, 1979.
I. Other Bioluid Mechanics
Wholey, M.H., R.H. Stockdale and T.K. Hung, "Rercutaneous Ballon Catheter for the
Immediate Control of Hemorrhage," Radiology, 95, pp. 65-71, 1970.
Hung, T. K., "Development of Computational Methods for Biofluid Dynamics," Preprint
2744, ASCE Structural Engineering Conference, 1973.
Hung, T.K., "From Heart to Capillaries---Recent Advances in Hemodynamics," (an invited
review paper), Proceedings _of 12th Annual Meeting of Society of Engineering Science,
pp. 531-542.
Hung, T.K., "Some Computational Methods for Biofluids Mechanics, "Advances in
Computational Methods for Partial Differential Equations, II, Edited by R.
Vichnevetsky, Publisher IMACS(AICA), pp. 360-367, 1977.
Chang, J.L., M.S. Albin, L. Bunegin and T.K. Hung, "Analysis and Comparison of Venous
Air Embolism Detection Methods," Neurosurgery, Vol. 7, pp. 135-141, 1980.
Hung, T.K., Book Review, Journal _of Biomechanics, Vol. 21, No. 1, p. 71, 1988 on Life in
Moving Fluids-The Physical Biology of Flow, in Steven Vogel, Princeton University
Press, Princeton, NJ_
Bunegin, L., M.S. Albin, P.E. Helsel, A. Hoffman and T.K. Hung, "Positioning the Right
Atrial Catheter: A Model for Reappraisal," Anesthesiology, Vol. 55, pp. 342-348, 1981.
Beg, O.A., H.S., Takhar, R. Bhargave, S. Sharma and T.K. Hung, “Mathematical Modeling
of Biomagnetic Flow in a Micropolar Fluid-Saturated Darcian Porous Medium,
International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research, Vol. 34, 403-424, 2007.
Beg, O.A., J. Zueco, H.s. Takhar and T.K. Hung, “Hydromechanics of Steady Micropolar
Flow in an Isotropic Darcy-Forchheimer Porous Medium: Network Simulation,”
Rheologica Acta, 2007.
J. Biomechanics of Spinal Cord Injury
Hung, T.K., M.S. Albin, T.D. Brown, L. Bunegin, R. Albin and P.J. Jannetta, "Biomechanical
Responses of Open Experimental Spinal Cord Injury," Surgical Neurology, Vol. 4, pp.
271-276, 1975.
Albin, M.S., T.K. Hung, L. Bunegin and P.J. Jannetta, "Energy Attenuation in a New
Experimental Model for Closed Impact Injury to the Spinal Cord, " Anatomical
Records, American Association of Anatomisis, 1976.
Hung, T.K., H.S. Lin, M.S. Albin, W.W. Feng, L. Bunegin and P.J. Janetta, "On the
Biomechanics of Experimental Spinal Cord Injury" Conferrence Digest, The 1st
International Conference on Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 1978.
Hung, T.K., H.S. Lin, M.S. Albin, L. Bunegin and P.J. Jannetta, "The Standardization of
Experimental Impact Injury to the Spinal Cord" Surgical Neurology, Vol. 11, pp.
470-477, 1979.
Hung, T.K.,'G.L. Chang, H.S. Lin, J.L. Chang and W.W. Feng, "Biorheology and Trauma of
the Spinal Cord of Cats," Proceedings _of the 3rd ASCE EMD Specialty Conference,
pp. 692-695, 1979.
Albin, M.S., T.K. Hung and M. Babinski, "Epidemiology, Critical Care, Experimental
Therapeutics and Physiopathology of Acute Spinal Cord Injury," The Patient with
Spinal Cord Injury, Edited by P.G. Antypas, Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago,
IL, Vol. 14, XVII, pp. 190-204, 1980.
Hung, T.K. and G.L. Chang, W.W. Feng and M.S. Albin, "Experimental and Computational
Studies of Spinal Cord Injury," 1980 Advances _in Bioengineering, ASME, Edited by
V. Mow, pp. 149-152, 1980.
Hung, T.K. and G.L. Chang, "Biomechanical and Neurological Responses of the Spinal Cord
of Puppy to Uniaxial Tension," Journal _of Biomechanical Engineering, ASME, Vol.
103, pp. 43-47, 1981.
Hung, T.K., G.L. Chang, J.L. Chang and M.S. Albin, "Stress-Strain Relationship and
Neurological Sequelae of the Spinal Cord of Cats Under Uniaxial Elongation,"Journal
of Surgical Neurology, Vol. 15, pp. 471-476, 1981.
Hung, T.K., G.L. Chang, H.S. Lin, F.R. Walter and L. Bunegin, "StressStrain Relationship of
the Spinal Cord of Anesthetized Cats," Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 14, pp.
269-276, 1981.
Chang, G.L., T.K. Hung, A. Bleyaert and P.J. Jannetta, "Stress-Strain Measurement of the
Spinal Cord of Puppies and Their Neurological Evaluations," Journal of Trauma, Vol.
21, pp. 807-810, 1981.
Hung, T.K., G.L. Chang, J.L. Chang and W.W. Feng, "Measurement of Viscoelasticity
of the Spinal Cord of Cats," Proceedings _of 34th ACEMB, pp. 362, 1981.
Chang, G.L., T.K. Hung and W.W. Feng, "Spinal Cord Injury of Cats due Axisymmetric
Deformation," Proceedings _of the 4th International Conference _on Mechanics
_in Medicine and Biology, 195-198, July, 1984.
Feng, T.L., J.L. Feng, G.L. Chang and T.K. Hung, "A Viscoelastic Material
Characterization of Spinal Cord of Anesthetized Cats, Proceedings of 1985
ASME/ASCE Biomechanics Symposium, 71-74, June, 1985.
Hung, T.K., G.L. Chang, W.W. Feng and M.S. Albin, "Studying Animals to Understand
Spinal Cord Injuries," Soma-Engineering for the Human Body, 40-44, April 1987.
Chang, G.L. and T.K. Hung, "Viscoelastic Properties and Threshold Elongation of the Spinal
Cord of Cats," Proceedings _of 1987 ASCE EMD Specialty Conference, 1987.
Chang, G.L., T.K. Hung and W.W. Feng, "An In-vivo Measurement and Analysis of
Viscoelastic Properties of the Spinal Cord of Cats," J. of Biomechanical Engineering ,
ASME 1988.
K. Earthquake Hydrodynamics and Dam Engineering
Wang, M.H. and T.K. Hung, "A Calculation of Hydrodynamic Pressure on Dam," Proceedings
of the 5th ASCE EMD Specialty Conference, 1984.
Hung, T.K. and M.H. Wang, "On the Hydrodynamic Force on Dams during Earthquake,"
Proceedings _of Fluid Mechanics Symposium _in Honor _of Professor Chia-Shun Yih,
University of Michigan, 1985.
Wang, M.H. and T.K. Hung, "A Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Analysis on Pine Flat Dam,"
Proceedings _of ASCE Specialty Conference on Advancements _in Aerodynamics,
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics, ed. by R.E.A. Arndt, H.G. Stefan, C. Farell and S.M.
Peterson, pp. 629636, 1986.
Hsieh, D.Y., T.K. Hung, D.L. Deng, 'C.C. Mei, S. Yuan and A.T. Chwang, "Some
Explorations about Sanxia High Dam on Yangtze River," Science and Technology
Review, People's Republic of China, pp. 42-47, 1986.
Hung, T.K, and M.H. Wang, "Nonlinear Analysis of Hydrodynamic Pressure on Rigid
Dam Motion," Journal _of Engineering Mechanics, 113, No. 4, pp. 482-499, 1987.
Hung, T.K., "Hydrodynamic Pressures on Dam During Earthquake," Proceedings _of the
International Conference on Fluid Mechanics, Supplement, pp. 334-39, 1987.
Wang, M. H. and T. K. Hung, “Three Dimensional Analysis of Pressures on Dams”, Journal of
Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 116, No. 6, ASCE, 1290-1304, 1990.
Hung, T. K. and B. F. Chen, “Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Pressure on Dams During
Earthquake”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 116, No. 6, 13721391, 1990.
Hung, T. K., B. F. Chen and K. C. Chang, “Dynamic Effect of Sediment on Dam
Hydrodynamics”, Mechanics Computing in 1990’s and Beyond, H. Adeli and R.
Sierakowski, editors. Vol. 1, ASCE 457-462, 1991.
Chen, B. F. and T. K. Hung, “Dynamic Pressure of Water and Sediment on Rigid Dam”,
Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 119, No. 7, ASCE, 1411-1433.
Hung, T. K. and K. C. Chang, “Effects of Sediments on Reservoir Hydrodynamic
Response”, Proceedings of International Conference on Mathematical
Modelling, 86-100, 1995.
Chang, K. C., T. K. Hung, D. A. Margo and J. S. Lin, “Dynamic Effects of Sediment
and Foundation on Dam Hydrodynamic Pressure Under Vertical Ground
Acceleration”, Proceedings of the 11th Engineering Mechanics Conference”,
Vol. 1, pp. 511-514, 1996.
Lin, J.S. and T.K. Hung, “Assessment of Dam Safety Under Earthquake Loadings,”
Hydraulics Laboratory Report on Efficient Method of Measuring Sediment and
Water Quality of Reservoir Inflow and Risk Analysis for Dame-Safety
Assessment (I), National Taiwan University, pp. 4-1 to 4-13, June 1999.
Lin, J.S. and T.K. Hung, “A Procedure for Seismic Risk Analysis of Earth
Dams,” International Workshop on Risk Analysis in Dam Safety Assessment,
National Taiwan University, Taiwan, June 14-15, 1999.
Lin, J.S. and T.K. Hung, “Assessment of Dam Safety During Earthquake II,” Water
Resources Bureau, Taiwan, Report No. 88EC2B370018, pp. 4-1 to 4-47, June
1999.
Lin, J.S. and T.K. Hung, “Manual for Dam Safety During Earthquakes,” Water Resources
Bureau, Taiwan, Report No. 8900015V3, pp. A4-1 to A4-85, 2000.
Lin, J.S. and T.K. Hung, “Assessment of Dam Safety During Earthquake III,” Water
Resources Bureau, Taiwan, Report No. 8900015V3, pp. 4-1 to 4-85, 2000.
Du, Xiuli, Jinting Wang and T.K. Hung, “Analysis of Sediment Effects on Dam
Hydrodynamic Pressure,” Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol. 45, No. 18, 2000.
Du, Xiuli, Jinting Wang and T.K. Hung, “Effects of sediment on the Dynamic Pressure of
Water and Sediment on Dams,” Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol. 46, 2001.