True Closed Loop Recycling Sustainability for energy storage solutions John Wood, CEO 21st Century lead-acid VRLA for stand-by. UltraBattery for cycling. UltraBattery® Technology Separator Separator PbO2 Electrode Ultracapacitor Lead-Acid Cell i UltraBattery -Carbon + -Pb + PbO2 + i1 i Pb i2 Carbon Electrode ~6 GWh ** ~2.4 GWh *** Lead-acid has already perfected and priced-in the recycling challenge* Lead-Acid Batteries to be installed for BACKUP only, USA (Next 12 months)** Li-ion Batteries to be installed for ALL APPLICATIONS, USA (Next 12 months)*** * BCI, Smith Bucklin Market Research and Statistics Group (2011) ** “Battery Market”, Avicenne Energy, 2013 *** “The worldwide battery market 2011-2025”, Avicenne Energy. and “Global Demand for Lithium-ion Batteries”, Frost and Sullivan, November 2014 Lead-acid >350 GWh Close to 100% closed-loop, sustainable recovery Almost no sustainable recovery Li-ion <50 GWh Lead-acid has already perfected and priced-in the recycling challenge* Both markets are growing, but the leadacid market is growing sustainably** * BCI, Smith Bucklin Market Research and Statistics Group (2011) ** “Battery Market Development for Consumer Electronics, Automotive, and Industrial: Materials Requirements & Trends”, Avicenne Energy, 2013 and other industry sources. Some perspective on lead-acid’s closed loop manufacturing and 96% reuse ~10% ~1% ~100% ~96% 4% Mainly to agricultural fertiliser Lead-acid Total Returned Reused in new produced batteries Lithium-ion Total Returned Reused in new produced batteries Lead Acid Li-ion Profitable recycling Closed loop manufacture No landfill All batteries same process Costs built in to purchase cost > Popper, K., Shan, X., Azure International, Monetary, Material and Environmental Costs of Li-ion Battery Recycling > Zhang, Qianyu, “The Current Status of the Recycling of Leadacid Batteries in China,” International Journal of Electrochemical Science Vol. 8, 2013. > Smith Bucklin Market Research and Statistics Group (2011 National Recycling Rate Study) Plastic Acid Lead Any lead-acid battery accepted Fully computer controlled process kW On-site refinery On-site acid reclamation On-site fertilizer plant On-site plastic recovery and reuse Since 2004 we have almost doubled the number of batteries we • Close tomake, 100% of Lead-acid batteries produced are while quartering our emissions. returned for recycling. Reuse of Plastic Clean Air 1.2 Reuse of Acid UltraBattery® Reuse of Lead μg pb / m3 100% recycled water • 1.4 180% Emissionsreturned becomes part of a Over 96% of every battery Standards prenew battery. 160% 2008 140% We stay well below the We filter, clean, recycle 1 strict standards for filtering • Almost all of the other 4% is and usedreuse in agriculture 100% ofand our 120% and air safety. industry. 0.8 production water… 100% Air recycle leaving about our facility is … and We 5 million kg of received the Pennsylvania 80% 0.6 cleaner thanyear the on-site air we Water Environment Association 2014 each to Emissions • plastic Lead-acid batteries are theIndustrial world’s most successfully We were the industry pioneers in acid Award 60% Waste Excellence take in. make our new battery cases Standards post0.4 recycled product.and we now recycle recycling millions 2008 40% from old of ones. litres each year.We recycle about 100 0.2 20% million kg of lead per year • We proudly say we have closed theplant loop. is a multiple and our 0 0% 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 model 2014 award-winning for sustainability. Batteries produced (compared to 2004) Our emissions (micrograms lead per m3) Battery production % of 2004 200% 1.6 One market leader for over a century 20th Century: Lead-acid dominance Battery Starter Battery Motive Battery Standby Battery PSOC UltraBattery Market Size: Market Size: Market Size: New Lead-Acid Market $15B $3.5B $6B State of Charge 100% 80% 20% 1881 1960 1980 Today 0% Products and Applications Monitored 12UB700 and 2UB700 Building Blocks kW UltraFlex (48V) UltraFlex UltraMax & Bundles (480V) UltraMax • Each Unit up to 28kW Peak Power 16kWh @ C/8 over • Each Unit 70kW Peak Power • 3-Unit => 210kW Power Applications: • Renewables integration • Diesel and off-grid • Energy shifting/ cost control • Revenue generation Applications: • Distributed Grid services • Renewables integration • Multifunction energy storage • Microgrids UltraRax Bundles UltraRax (720V & 960V) • Blocks delivering Peak Power 500kW, 600kW and 800kW • Supports 12V and 2V architecture Applications: • Grid services • Renewables integration • Multifunction energy storage MW Load Levelling* Microgrid* Wind Smoothing Solar Smooth. & Shift. Load Levelling* Peak Shifting* Diesel Hybrid Support Reg. Services kW MW *Courtesy of Furukawa Battery The Energy Storage Solution of Choice Globally Successful Australian Technology Flexible Storage Solutions Ecoult & Recycling Safe Ecoult and UltraBattery® The Energy Storage Solution of Choice John Wood, CEO www.Ecoult.com