Hilti engineering for
earthquake
applications
Building a future safer from earthquakes: new EU guidelines.
Hilti. Outperform. Outlast.
Hilti engineering for
earthquake
applications
6
7
7
6
6
5&EXLOGLQJDYHUDJH
4
8
6WUXFW
9
9
1RQVW
6
&RQWH
5&EXLOGLQJDYHUDJH
2IILFH
3
5
2
1
6
Seismic-relevant structural applications.
Structural connections are vital to ensure that the structure
responds to a seismic event in a proper, predictable manner.
Connections should therefore be clearly detailed in the design
phase to make certain that both contractors and building
inspectors comprehend project specifications.
Firm, well thought out specifications are the best way to ensure
that the designed product is the one that is actually used.
Seismic retrofitting (e.g. bracings, shear reinforcement).
Structural steel element connections to concrete.
Post-installed rebar connections.
Shear wall fastenings.
Secondary steel connections and fastenings for utilities.
+RWHO
2IILFH
6WUXFWXUDO
Seismic-relevant non-structural applications.
Anchors are often used to fasten non-structural components.
Their design and selection is therefore crucial in terms of
minimizing both injuries to building occupants and the costs
associated with seismic events.
As fire is a common byproduct of earthquakes, firestop systems
should be specified in accordance with their ability to withstand
extreme deformation.
Equipments.
Mechanical and electrical supports.
Ventilated façade systems and curtain walls.
Firestop cable and pipe penetrations and joints.
Repair costs resulting from a seismic event.
1RQVWUXFWXUDO
&RQWHQWV
20%
40%
40%
RC building average
20%
18%
17% 13%
5&EXLOGLQJDYHUDJH
62%
www.hilti.com/seismic
8%
+RWHO
44%
2IILFH
70%
6WUXFWXUDO
Hotel
Office
Structural
+RVSLWDO Nonstructural
48%
Contents
Hospital
1RQVWUXFWXUDO
Source: Taghavi S. and Miranda E.: “Seismic Performance and Loss Assessment of Nonstructural Building Components,”
Proceedings of 7th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Boston, 2002.
+RWHO
2
1RQVWUXFWXUDO
&RQWHQWV
5&EXLOGLQJDYHUDJH
Seismic design and specification of anchor connections
is crucial.
In both structural and non-structural applications.
6WUXFWXUDO
www.hilti.com/seismic
&RQWHQWV
+RVSLWDO
3
Hilti engineering for
earthquake
applications
New rating classifications for anchor performance
under seismic load: C1 and C2.
Post-installed anchor seismic design.
New European testing procedure for determining the seismic suitability of fastenings.
EOTA TR045 sets the fastening seismic design standard.
ETA seismic category C1 – similar to U.S. pre-qualification procedure; only suitable for
non-structural applications according to the EOTA TR045 recommendations.
Three design options.
EOTA TR045 sets the standard for the seismic design of steel-to-concrete connections until
the new EN 1992-4 is released (release date pending confi rmation).
This code is in full compliance with the standards in the new ETAG 001 Annex E.
The seismic pre-qualifi cation of anchors has been regulated in Europe since the release of
ETAG 001 Annex E in early 2013. Anchors subject to this new test procedure must now
incorporate in the ETA all the required seismic design technical data. The suitability for
seismic loading is classifi ed as:
The design code incorporates three design approaches which are described below. Note that all
three of these approaches are acceptable within their application conditions.
ETA seismic category C2 – arduous seismic crack movement tests qualify an anchor as
suitable for more demanding structural and non-structural applications.
Structural applications
Acceleration
(ag.S)
< 0.05 g
0.05 g to 0.1 g
> 0.1 g
a1) Capacity design.
The anchorage is designed for the force corresponding to the yield of a ductile
component or, if lower, the maximum force that can be transferred by the fixture
or the attached element.
Non-structural applications
Building importance
II, III, IV
non-seismic
ETA C2
Acceleration
(ag.S)
Building importance
II, III
< 0.05 g
a2) Elastic design.
Building importance
IV
non-seismic
0.05 g to 0.1 g
ETA C1
> 0.1 g
ETA C2
The fastening is designed for the maximum load assuming an elastic behavior
of the fastening and of the structure.
ETA C2
b) Design with requirements on the ductility of the anchors.
This design for ductile steel failure requires an anchor classifi ed as ductile.
Additionally, this approach is applicable only for the tension component and some
provisions require to be observed in order to ensure that the cause of failure is
steel failure.
Hilti Engineering Service.
A team of qualified and experienced engineers is available to provide
you with more detailed information and to help you determine and
design the best solution for your particular project.
The map above is based on national earthquake data (for ordinary buildings and ground type A) and provides perspective on the relevance
of the new ETA guidelines in various countries. For more precise information see national regulations.
4
www.hilti.com/seismic
www.hilti.com/seismic
5
Hilti engineering for
earthquake
applications
Seismic fastening systems.
Approved per new European regulations (ETAG 001 Annex E).
Structural rebar applications.
Approved per CSTB seismic pre-qualification.
ETA seismic categories C1 and C2
Injection mortar HIT-HY 200-A with anchor rod HIT-Z
Fast-curing bonded anchor. No cleaning required with
the innovative HIT-Z rod.
Stud anchor HST
Medium-duty mechanical anchor. Designed to excel in
cracked concrete.
Post-installed structural rebar.
Reinforced concrete design assumes that concrete has negligible tensile strength while
allowing for the design of rebar anchorage length and avoiding brittle concrete failure,
in the following two situations:
• Transferring tensile loads from one bar to another (overlap splice).
• Anchorage length of the tensile force in a bar beyond a node in equilibrium.
Seismic structural rebar approval.
French DTA approvals delivered by CSTB, a member of EOTA, recognizes Hilti
HIT-RE 500-SD and HIT-HY 200 injectable mortars as products qualified for structural
rebar applications in seismic zones. By applying engineering judgment, engineers can
use this French approval when designing seismic structural post-installed rebar
connections.
ETA seismic category C1
Included in the DTAs
• The design bond strength fbd,seism of Hilti mortars considered for use in seismic zones.
• Formatted data for design with Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 8.
• Application limit information (e.g. transverse reinforcement, settings instructions).
Injection mortar HIT-RE 500-SD with all
approved fasteners
High flexibility because of embedment depth and
compression strength.
Screw anchor HUS
Highly efficient medium duty screw anchor.
Ideal for serial applications.
Post-installed anchor accessory
DTA seismic approval
Injection mortar HIT-RE 500-SD
Fast-curing anchor mortar. CSTB Approval DTA 3/10-649
for seismic rebar applications.
Hilti dynamic set
Filling washer, conical washer, nut and lock-nut.
Doubles shear resistance and prevents loosening.
Design tools.
Hint for designers in Germany
and Austria.
In order to carry out calculations acc.
to CSTB Seismic, the regional setting
should be switched to «Switzerland».
7HFKQLVFKHV
+DQGEXFKGHU
%HIHVWLJXQJVWHFKQLN
Design is further simplified by Hilti’s own PROFIS software,
which allows users to design fastening systems and rebar
connections easily and in accordance with the state-of-the art
seismic code framework.
Additionally, the printed version of the Fastening Technical
Manual (FTM) provides all technical data for both anchoring
and rebar connections.
6
PROFIS Anchor
Fastening Technical
Manual
www.hilti.com/seismic
PROFIS Rebar
www.hilti.com/seismic
Dedicated web page for specifiers
Download-center
7
Hilti engineering for
earthquake
applications
Recommanded firestop products in seismic.
Sub-structures for ventilated facade.
Tested in seismic.
Fires following earthquakes represent a major risk, both for the safety of human lives and for the protection of facilities and assets.
After an earthquake, fire, smoke and water damage can cause severe problems including:
Ventilated facade present a risk of falling down in case of earthquake. The French state of the art
defines a seismic test method for the entire system.
A design method based on EN 1998-1-1 (Eurocode 8) for non structural elements is also defined
(document CSTB 3725 dated January 2013).
• Damage to mechanical and electrical equipment.
• Breaking/leaks in pipe systems.
• Damage to electrical lines, including emergency equipment, lighting.
• Damaged communication networks.
• Gas leaks, creating an explosion risk.
• Blocked, unusable escape routes.
If such damage has occurred, extensive and costly repair work has to be carried out.
Hilti seismic tests.
Hilti has conducted extensive tests to determine the behavior of firestop products in a seismic event while
taking fire integrity and smoke tightness issues in a post-earthquake environment into consideration.
Required displacement
Test setup.
The quasi-static cyclic loads according to FEMA 461* protocol were applied directly on the penetrants,
whereas the wall was fixed. Tests were carried out in x-direction (load in same direction as the penetrant),
in y-direction (load perpendicular to the penetrant) and in z-direction (rotation with the center in the wall
layer). Air/gas tightness was measured during the test with a pressure testing device to reach measurable
conclusions about damages of the penetration seal. After the seismic test an additional firestop test was
conducted to evaluate permeability of smoke and fire integrity of the relevant firestop system.
Parallelogram test
Required displacement
Results.
Significant factors that were measured: displacement (mm), movement force, pressure drop (Pa/min),
start of pressure drop (mm), % pressure drop, plastic deformation of penetrant (kN), absolute pressure
at start (Pa).
• Parallelogram test: This test is performed to observe the behaviour of the system to follow the
movement of the building on which it is fixed. The ventilated facade is installed on a rigid frame
(3000 x 3000 mm) fixed on the bottom. The support is gradually deformed in its plane (parallelogram)
by a static displacement applied at the head according to the cycles predefined. The maximum
displacement is ± 60 mm. A visual control is done on fall elements, breakage or deformation of a
component system.
• Dynamic test: This test is to observe the behavior of the system when the support on which it is
mounted is moving in its plane under the action a cyclic reciprocating motion imposed. The ventilated
facade is installed on a rigid frame (3000 x 3000 mm) on gliders. Cycles of movements are applied
around the frequency of the system. The maximum displacement is ± 60 mm. A visual control is done
on fall elements, breakage or deformation of a component system.
• Dynamic perpendicular test: This test is the same as the dynamci test with movement perpendilar to
its plane.
Determining factors: flexibility-elasticity, adhesion, tightness, damage to penetrants, installation reliability.
Outcome: recommendations for suitable and non-suitable firestop products, installation and design
recommendations.
Test setup.
Three tests are defined:
Gliders
Dynamic test
* Federal Emergency Management Agency: Code for interim testing protocol for determining the seismic performance characteristics of structural
and non-structural components.
Cable penetration
Pipe penetration
Brackets
Profiles
Firestop foam CFS-F FX / CP 660
Firestop acrylic sealant CFS-S ACR / CP 606
Bracket MFT-MFI M
For sliding point.
L Profile
In Aluminum, thickness 2,0 mm and 2,5 mm.
Firestop block CFS-BL / CFS-BL P
Firestop collar CFS-CP / CP 644
Bracket MFT-MFI L
For fixed point.
T Profile
In Aluminum, thickness 2,0 mm and 2,5 mm.
Firestop acrylic sealant CFS-S ACR / CP 606
Firestop silicone sealant CFS-S SIL / CP 601S
Firestop spray CFS-SP WB
For joints applications and curtain walls.
Joints
8
www.hilti.com/seismic
www.hilti.com/seismic
9
Hilti engineering for
earthquake
applications
Installation systems need to be designed
specifically to resist of seismic loads.
Exemples of solutions.
Channel installation.
Raised floor.
Standard construction of raised floors (non seismic zones).
Standard fastening for channel installation (non seismic zones).
Pipes.
Standard construction of raised floors with support framing
(non seismic zones).
For pipes installation, the basic principle is that the fastenings have to be designed so that the horizontal seismic loads can be taken in
addition to the gravity forces. To take horizontal forces, the pipe fastenings must either be designed to be sufficiently flexurally stiff, or
have bracing that can transfer the horizontal forces (Fh ) in compression. It must be ensured that horizontal loads can be taken transversely
and longitudinally in relation to the pipe axis.
Horizontal seismic forces Fh,x in direction of pipe axis.
Seismic zones: Fastening with HST stud anchor
Stable U-support assembled from MQ installation channel
system. No additional bracing necessary (depending on load
and distance below ceiling).
Seismic zones: Bracing for floors without adjoining walls.
Seismic zones: Installation channel suspended with anchor rods
and secured with longitudinal braces.
Method of securing: 45° axial braces with MQ channel and
MQP-45° brace shoe.
Seismic zones: Bracing for floors with high loads.
Horizontal seismic forces Fh,y transverse in relation to pipe axis.
Software.
Standard fastening for single fastening of pipe (non seismic zones).
Seismic zones: Fastening with baseplate and HST stud anchor
Method of securing: 45° axial brace and transverse brace with rod
and MQ3D-A.
.XQGHQVHUYLFH
ZZZKLOWLGH
Design is further simplified by Hilti PROFIS Installation,
which helps users to design installation systems easily and in
accordance with the state-of-the art code.
Additionally, the Installation systems catalogue provides all
technical data for all products MM, MQ and MI
,QQRYDWLYH3URGXNWH
XQG6HUYLFHOHLVWXQJHQ
+LOWL0HKU/HLVWXQJ0HKU=XYHUOlVVLJNHLW
PROFIS Installation
10
www.hilti.com/seismic
www.hilti.com/seismic
Catalogue Installation
11
Hilti engineering for
earthquake
applications
Post-installed rebar
Fastening structural and non-structural elements
according to new European regulations.
Injectable mortar and everything required for the safe
installation of concrete-to-concrete connections.
Ventilated facade
Direct fastening
Aluminum sub construction for light ventilated façade
systems, system tested for seismic applications.
Fasteners solutions for trapezoidal sheet metal fasteners,
shear walls and longitudinal shock mounts.
Firestop
Installation systems
Solutions for pipe and cable penetrations through floors or
walls, and for fire rated joint seals to reduce post earthquake
impacts.
Maximum safety assured by expert design and the use of
Hilti standard pre-design solutions.
Hilti. Outperform. Outlast.
Hilti Corporation | 9494 Schaan | Liechtenstein | P +423-234 2111 | F +423-234 2965 | www.hilti.com
08.13 | 750 | B
Post-installed anchoring
Hilti = eingetragene Marke der Hilti Aktiengesellschaft, Schaan, LI Technische und Programm-Änderungen vorbehalten
Everything you require for easy and reliable
seismic specifications.