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P R O M O T I N G O N - S I T E P O W E R A N D C O G E N E R AT I O N
WO R L D W I D E
I N D E P E N D E N T
P OW E R
MARCH 2009
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P R O M O T I N G O N - S I T E P O W E R A N D C O G E N E R AT I O N
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Contributors
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Ravindran (Frost & Sullivan); Wärstilä;
Emerson Process Management;
Howden; Sensonics; Deep Sea
Electronics.
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I N D E P E N D E N T
Pump station in Turkey, equipped with
five Wärtsilä 18V34SG pump sets.
Photo courtesy Wärtsilä.
2 0 0 9
C O N T E N T S
Gas Turbines
13
The problems of lacquer formation in gas turbines can
seriously affect the health of the turbine and the wealth of
the operator. Shell Lubricants discuss how to avoid lacquering
problems.
GE has launched a new gas turbine inlet filter design, suitable
for static and self-cleaning applications.
Loadbanks
Preventing lacquering
see Page 13.
19
There is a bewildering array of laodbanks available. WIP
examines the options.
Gen-sets
23
Frost & Sullivan have presented a report looking in detail at
the European micro CHP market.
Diesel/Gas Engines
26
Dual-fuel technology has been a key requirement over recent
years. The latest development in this area is fuel-sharing.
Power Plant Equipment
Fuel-sharing gen-sets in Ecuador.
See Page 26.
29
Emerson Process Management claims that its Ovation security
centre streamlines cyber-security management functions.
Heat Exchangers
30
How does the rotary regenerative heat exchanger work in the
power generation industry?
Pumps/Valves/Gears
33
Why is thrust monitoring of boiler feed pump equipment an
important issue?
Rental
The boiler feed pump issue.
See Page 33.
Our power portfolio includes:
34
Rental gen-sets are often expected to operate in tough
environmental conditions that require high performance and
reliability.
Auditors: ABC application
approved October 2006
R E G U L A R S
In the next issue
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHP
Gas Turbines
Gen-sets
Controls & Monitoring
Fuel cells
Test/Measurement
Power news from around the world
Sharewatch
6
12
M
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D
D
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E
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A
S
T
P
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W
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R
EDITOR’S LETTER
WELCOME
A warm welcome to this month’s
issue of Worldwide Independent
Power - as always bringing you
closer to the stories and issues
affecting on-site power and
cogeneration around the world.
For editorial comments, please do
not hesitate to contact the editor.
BIENVENUE
Soyez le bienvenu à cette issue de
Worldwide Independent Power.
Comme d'habitude, nous vous
apportons toujours plus près des
sujets qui affectent l'énergie et la
co-generation sur place autour du
monde.
N'hésitez pas contacter le
rédacteur pour des commentaires
éditoriaux.
WILLKOMMEN
Herzlich Willkommen zur Ausgabe
dieses Monates von Worldwide
Independent Power. Wie immer
bringen wir Sie näher heran an die
Ereignisse und Geschichten der
Stromerzeugungsindustrie rund um
die Welt.
Für redaktionelle Kommentare und
Anregungen wenden Sie sich bitte
an den Autor.
BIENVENIDO
Bienvenido a esta edición de
Worldwide Independent Power.
Como siempre, acercándolo a los
temas que afectan a la energía y a
la cogeneración in-situ. No dude
en contactar con nuestro editor
para cualquier cuestión editorial.
BENVENUTI
Benvenuti a questa nuova edizione
di Worldwide Independent Power.
Come sempre cercheremo di
offrirvi storie e questioni
riguardanti on-site power e
cogeneration a livello globale. Per
commenti editoriali, si prega di
contattare l'editore.
EUROPE
David Flin
Editor
The Phoenix Saga
T
he news that has dominated this industry - and every other industry - is the economic crisis
affecting pretty much the entire world, with most major economies officially in recession,
with banks in deep trouble, and with the stock markets of the world having gone into
freefall. Just when you thought the bottom was reached, and the situation stabilised, the share
prices plunge down yet again.
It might seem like a desperate and gloomy situation, but it does represent a major opportunity for
gen-set manufaturers. Because of the credit crunch, there is a reluctance on the part of major
utilities to invest in large infrastructure projects. As a result, it seems likely that the grid networks
in particular will suffer from a shortfall in investment. However, the demand for power remains
high and growing, and many grid networks are already at the limit of their capacity. If this turns out
to be the case, then many countries are going to see increasingly unreliable supply of grid power.
Already, EPRI has reported an increase in grid disturbances in the North American networks. High
power quality is increasingly demanded, and the grid network is increasingly unable to provide it.
The supply of equipment to ensure suitable power quality is maintained is undergoing a boom, and
this looks set to continue.
In addition to power quality, there is increasing concern over the simple provision of power. Those
organisations where reliable power supply is vital are increasingly going to have to invest in
stand-by power systems and all the associated paraphenalia that goes with them to ensure that regardless of what happens to grid supply - they will always have an effective power supply. That
means that the cogeneration and gen-set industry will do surprisingly well amidst the doom and
gloom that is surrounding the rest of the world.
However, because many industries are in deep recession, they are undergoing a contraction, many
new projects are being delayed or cancelled. The result is that demand for gen-sets, particularly
those supplying power to construction projects, is likely to fall.
The end result is that those companies that will be successful will be those companies that can
adapt and change to meet changing circumstances in what promises to be an increasingly volatile
industry. The days of the company that has considerable inertia when it comes to meeting changing
market conditions are numbered; they are the dinosaurs of the industry, and the credit crunch will
deal them a blow every bit as serious as a major asteroid strike. On the other hand, those
companies that can adapt to changing circumstances - and circumstances look set to be extremely
volatile for the foreseeable future - will be the winning mammals in the race to survive and thrive.
ASIA-PACIFIC
AFRICA
MIDDLE EAST
AMERICAS
WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER • MARCH 2009
5
NEWS
In brief...
Alstom merges
Alstom has announced
that it intends to
reorganise by merging
into a single entity all the
activities related to
power generation,
currently managed by two
sectors, Power Systems
and Power Services.
Phillipe Joubert, until now
President of Power
Systems, is the President
of the new Alstom Power
Sector.
E201
Siemens and Fluor in
cooperation deal
Siemens has signed an
agreement with Fluor to
strengthen cooperation
between the two
companies. This alliance
establishes Siemens as a
preferred supplier to
Fluor and its global
projects business.
In the course of this longterm cooperation, the two
companies will be
coordinating their work
and planning processes to
better meet increased
project requirements. The
focus will be on risk
minimisation and the
acceleration of planning
and implementation
processes for major
projects.
E202
European Facility
Management 2009
The European Facility
Management Conference
2009 (EFMC 2009) will be
held in Amsterdam,
Netherlands on 16-17 June
2009.
The theme of the event
will be “One world,
different problems - joint
efforts, sustainable
solutions.” EFMC 2009 will
present two symposia,
one concentrated on
business and practice, and
one on research and
study.
E203
6
Fighting through the recession
We have been assured that the world is in the grip
of a major recession affecting nearly every major
economy, but here at Global Media Publishing, we
are able to expand despite the problems.
We have recently launched a new title to our
stable of power titles, Middle East Power. The first
issue of this was available at the Middle East
Electricity exhibition in Dubai, and was very well
received. We are also in the process of launching a
new tabloid title, UK Power News.
This brings our range of power titles to 5, adding
to our existing stable of Worldwide Independent
Power, Independent Power Asia, and American
Independent Power.
In addition, the company is publishing the AMPS
Members Directory 2009 as well as its own annual
directory for the on-site power industry.
As far as exhibitions are concerned, Global Media
Publishing is organising India Energy, in collaboration
with UBM. India Energy will be held in Mumbai on
Taken at the last IP&EE show, held in 2008.
13-15 November 2009. In addition, the company is
also organising the Independent Power & Energy
Europe exhibition that will be held at the NEC in
Birmingham, UK on 8-10 June 2010. This show will
be held in conjunction with Electrex, which the
company is also organising.
For details on reserving standsplease e-mail us on
power@gmp.uk.com
or go to our website
E204
www.gmp.uk.com
WELtec enters French biogas market
WELtec Biopower has announced
the sale of two biogas plants to
France. This successful market
entry was achieved with the
assistance of its sales partner
Domaix Énergie from Albens,
France.
The first biogas plant will be
built in Gruffy in the Rhône-Alpes
region. The biogas plant will run a
104kW CHP plant with a 28,250 ft2
fermenter and separator. Operator
Marcel Domenge will feed the
fermenter with solid manure and
cattle manure. Additionally,
industrial waste from regional
plants will be sent to the plant.
The plant will commissioned in
May 2009, with an estimated
efficiency of over 75%. It will
supply part of the village with
heat over a heat network.
An order for a second plant, this
one from Esserts Blay, also in the
Rhône-Alpes region, was received
in January 2009, and is due to be
commissioned in summer 2009.
The biogas yield will be increased
by adding co-ferments that are
rich in nutrients and easily
Artist impression of the Gruffy plant.
degradable, including whey from
the farm’s cheese dairy. This plant
will also have an efficiency of
about 75%.
An increase in the number of
orders from France, particularly in
the field of small agricultural
plants with waste co-fermentation, has been evident. This
enables French farmers to spread
their risk, as other substances can
also be fermented in the plant.
In France, the Feed-In Act
requires the state to purchase
power from biogas plants at a
guaranteed price, although
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
Artist impression of the Esserts
Blay plant.
renewables to not enjoy priority
im the electricity
E205
network.
NEWS
In brief...
Siemens powers paper
mill in Thailand
Siemens has successfully
commissioned a 31MW
SST-300 industrial steam
turbine at a paper mill
operated by Phoenix Pulp &
Paper in Thailand. The mill
is owned by SCG Paper. The
paper mill mostly uses
biomass waste from pulp
mill production as fuel,
with some coal.
E206
EuroAsiatic projects in
Southeast Asia
Dresser Waukesha will
supply engines for power
generation projects
designed and installed by
EuroAsiatic, a Jakartabased EPC company.
EuroAsiatic provides heat
and power solutions for
both power generation and
cogeneration applications.
EuroAsiatic is specifying a
variety of Waukesha engine
models, including the 1MW
APG1000, and the 2MW and
3MW APG2000 APG3000
units for upcoming projects
in Indonesia and Southeast
Asia, are on-site power
generation plants serving
the chemical, textile, food
and beverage and consumer
goods sectors.
E207
Total supply from
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce will deliver
eight RB211 industrial gas
turbines for Nigeria’s
offshore oil and gas fields
this year as part of contracts worth $150 million
from TOTAL.
Six of the RB211 gas turbine
packages will be gen-sets,
three for a FPSO vessel in
the Usan field and three for
a fixed offshore platform in
the Ofon field.
The remaining two gen-sets
will be gas compression
packages to export gas to
another facility or to
re-inject gas into the oil
field to enhance oil
recovery in the Usan field.
E208
8
ENER-G prepares for anaerobic digestion expansion
A UK government-backed
initiative to promote greater use
of anaerobic digestion (AD) in the
production of green energy has
been welcomed by ENER-G.
AD, which transforms organic
material such as food waste and
manure into energy, could
produce 7.5% of the UK’s
renewable power by 2020,
according to figures from the
Department for the Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).
Hugh Richmond, Director of
ENER-G, said: “AD is a viable,
proven technology that is
currently underdeployed in the
UK compared to other parts of
Europe. I very much hope the
new government-backed task
group will help to change
attitudes and open people’s eyes
to the opportunities of AD, which
can deliver huge commercial
benefits, while helping
to hit national targets
on carbon emission
reductions.” He believes
the AD market will
receive a substantial
boost in April when the
value of Renewable
Obligation Certificates
(ROC) for AD will
become “double ROC”.
This government subsidy Manufacture in action on an ENER-G 165kW
biogas CHP unit, as used at South West
will significantly
Water’s Countess Sewage Treatment Works
increase financial
returns on each MWh of in Exeter.
electricity sold into the
national grid.
units at South West Water’s
ENER-G has installed and
Countess Wear Sewage Treatment
operates in excess of 120MW of
Works in Exeter, UK, generating
biogas generation, primarily from
high value electricity from waste,
landfill gas, which is of similar
while using the heat generated to
variable quality composition to AD service the site.
and utilises the same equipment.
E209
It has four 165kW biogas CHP
MHI launches new
GE signs $128 million service
agreement in China
To assist China in meeting its
goals of increased energy
efficiency and reduced emissions,
GE Energy recently signed service
and maintenance agreements
totalling $128 million for two
power plants, including the
largest gas turbine combinedcycle power plant in Zhejiang
Province.
GE Energy will provide
inspections and service for two GE
9FA gas turbines at the Zhejiang
Zheneng Zhenhai power plant in
Ningbo. The plant has an output
of 795.6MW.
GE also has a long-term
contractual service agreement
with the Fujian Refining and
Petrochemical Company to handle
all parts, repairs and service for
two GE 9Es at the company’s site
in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. This
represents China’s first CSA for 9E
gas engine
gas turbines. The project uses
IGCC technology and generates
power from exhaust gases in the
refining process. The Fujian
facility operates a refinery with a
capacity of four million tons per
year.
Jack Wen, President and CEO of
GE Energy China, said: “These
CSAs represent the latest in a
series of service and maintenance
agreements designed to improve
efficiency, output and reliability
of our gas turbines at Fujian and
Zhejiang Zheneng Zhenhai’s power
plants.”
GE is currently managing CSAs
for customers at more than 700
sites covering 2000 turbines
worldwide. Benefits to the
customers include performance
guarantees and predictable
maintenance costs.
E210
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
(MHI) has announced that it
will soon have final
verification of a new gas
engine that it claims will be
one of the most efficient in
the world.
MHI said that the new Mach
II-SI engine has undergone
performance testing and has
now progressed to durability
testing and final verification
of reliability.
The new machine is based on
MHI’s existing Mach-30G gas
engine, but uses a spark
ignition (SI) system rather than
micro-pilot ignition. With
other improvements, this
helps the new unit achieve an
efficiency of 66.1%, combining
power generation and heat
recovery via steam. MHI said
this is the highest efficiency
for 6000kW engines.
E211
How do we make no difference?
New technologies help make the entire energy business more
environmentally compatible than ever before.
The need for environmentally compatible technology, especially in the field of energy, has never been greater. But the
real challenge is to turn this need into opportunity. That’s why we are focused on supplying highly efficient, reliable,
and sustainable products, solutions, and services across the entire energy conversion chain. Our NetConverter® power
conversion system, for example, helps ensure a more constant power output from wind turbines. And our trendsetting
CHP (combined heat and power) technology has made efficiency rates up to 95 percent a reality.
www.siemens.com/energy
Answers for energy.
01_Environment_engl_A4_K1.indd 1
16.03.2009 10:23:42 Uhr
NEWS
In brief...
MIT re-engineers battery material
Upgrade for Kuwait
ABB has won an order worth
around $400 million from
Kuwait’s Ministry of
Electricity and Water for
three new substations to
improve the country’s
electrical transmission grid.
ABB will design, supply,
install, test and commission
the substations which will
increase transmission
voltage from 300kV to
400kV.
The project is due for
completion in 2011.
E212
UK technology
institute backs
offshore energy
A public-private financed
£1.1 billion Energy
Technologies Institute (ETI)
has been launched in
London to develop and
deploy energy technologies.
The ETI is a private
company that so far
comprises six partners: BP,
Shell, Rolls-Royce, E.ON,
Caterpillar and EDF Energy,
together with scientific and
academic institutions. Each
partner is investing £50
million over ten years, and
the UK government has
pledged to match this
funding.
The ETI has launched three
offshore wind turbine
projects and a marine
power project. The three
offshore wind projects
include the Blue H
consortium, including BAE
Systems and EDF Energy,
which is developing a
floating deepwater 5MW
wind turbine made of
concrete instead of steel.
The low-cost turbine is to
be tested at water depths
of 60m, 60 miles offshore.
They will be tethered to
the seabed with cables.
The Helm Wind Project,
comprising E.ON, BP, RollsRoyce and the University of
Strathclyde, is designing a
low-cost, low-maintenance
wind turbine from scratch.
The Novel Offshore Vertical
Axis (NOVA) project is a
5MW low-maintenance
turbine using aerospace and
marine engineering. E213
10
MIT engineers have created a kind
of beltway that allows for the
rapid transit of electrical energy
through a well-known battery
material, an advance that could
usher in smaller, lighter batteries
that can recharge in seconds
rather than hours.
The work has been led by
Gerbrand Ceder, Professor of
Materials Science and Technology.
Because the material involved is
not new - the researchers have
simply changed the way that it is
made - Ceder believes that the
work could make it into the
market within 2-3 years.
State-of-the-art lithium
rechargeable batteries have very
high energy densities, and they
are very good at storing large
amounts of charge. The tradeoff
is that they have relatively slow
power rates and are sluggish at
gaining and discharging that
energy.
Why the slow power rates?
Traditionally, scientists have
thought that the lithium ions
responsible, along with electrons,
for carrying charge across the
battery simply move too slowly
through the material. About five
years ago, Ceder and his
colleagues made a surprising
discovery. Computer calculations
of lithiun iron phosphate
predicted that the material’s
lithium ions should actually be
moving extremely quickly.
Ceder said: “If transport of the
lithium ions was moving so fast,
something else had to be the
problem.” Further calculations
showed that lithium ions can
move very quickly into the
material, but only through tunnels
accessed from the surface. If a
lithium ion at the surface is
directly in front of a tunnel
entrance, there’s no problem; it
proceeds efficiently into the
tunnel. If the ion isn’t directly in
front, it is prevented from
Aliens didn’t steal our turbines
A £1 million wind turbine was
destroyed after mysterious
glowing orbs were spotted in the
sky. However, investigations have
shown that the damage was
caused by mechanical failure and
not by aliens.
Examination of the components
has revealed that a 65ft blade
came loose after bolts attaching
it to the hub failed, and not
because of a collision.
Local people near the farm in
Conisholme, Lincolnshire, UK, had
reported seeing orange-yellow
spheres trailing octopus-like
“tentacles” on the night of the
incident, sparking speculation
that it had fallen victim to lowflying aliens.
Dale Vince, co-founder of
Ecotricity, which owns the farm,
said that while he was not sur-
prised by the
results, he
was a little
disappointed.
He said: “My
favourite
theory was
that some
alien race
stealing turbine technology after
crossing galaxies to get here.”
Other potential causes of
damage that had been suggested
at the time of the incident
included frozen urine dropped
from a passenger jet and - a little
implausibly - a flying cow.
Fraser McLachlan of GCube,
which insures over 25,000 wind
turbines, said: “You get three or
four cases of things like this a
year. They are machines and
E215
machines sometimes break.”
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
reaching the tunnel entrance
because it cannot move to access
that entrance.
Ceder devised a way around the
problem by creating a new
surface structure that does allow
the lithium ions to move quickly
around the outside of the
material, much like a beltway
around a city. When an ion is
travelling along the “beltway”
reaches a tunnel, it is instantly
diverted into it.
Using this technique, the
project team made a small
battery that could be charged in
discharged in 10-20 seconds,
where it would have taken six
minutes to charge the
unprocessed material. Ceder also
noted that unlike other battery
materials, the new material does
not degrade as much when
repeatedly charged and
recharged. This could lead to
smaller, lighter batteries.
E214
ABB commissions
1 million V switchgear
ABB has commissioned a
switchgear rated to handle
1100kV, touching new heights
in terms of voltage levels.
The ultrahigh voltage gasinsulated switchgear (GIS) has
a switching capability of
6.9GW. ABB successfully
designed, tested and
commissioned the GIS for a
pilot project launched in 2006
by State Grid Corporation of
China to demonstrate the
feasibility of AC power
transmission at ultrahigh
voltage. ABB and its Chinese
partner Xian Shiky completed
the project in two years.
State Grid has announced
plans to invest over $14 billion
in the nest 3-4 years to
E216
expand its UHV network.
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SHAREWATCH
Crash landing for the ETS
Has the credit crunch affected the EU Emission Trading Scheme?
By WIP’s economic correspondent Christopher Hopkins.
T
he credit crunch has affected many
aspects of the global economy. The
direct relationships are easy to
predict but it is the second- and
third-order effects that tend to either get
misunderstood or forgotten.
The price of carbon emissions for the EU
Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) is one such
example. In 2008, the average allowance
price was €35-40/t, and analysts
confidently predicted that there would be
an allowance price of €30-40/t for 2009,
despite the sharp decline of oil price from
a peak of around $150/barrel to a current
level of roughly $50/barrel. These experts
assured us that the carbon market would
not be significantly affected by the
economic crisis.
Oops. Down went the price of
allowances, pausing briefly at the
psychological barrier of €10/t, before
plunging past the barrier and down into
single digits, with the downward trend set
to continue.
So how did the experts get it so wrong?
When the ETS was formed, it was as a
free market, with Brussels arguing that
the laws of supply and demand should
control the price of carbon, and Brussels
should only regulate through the
allocation of allowances. Allowances were
allocated on a generous basis to provide
industry with an easy start to the system.
Oops. The economic downturn resulted
in industry reducing production, and this
resulted in fewer emissions, which led to
a surplus of allowances. Industry was
delighted to be able to sell unwanted
allowances to bring in much-needed
revenue to survive. The consequence was
that the market was flooded. The laws of
supply and demand took over, as any high
school student of economics could tell
you, and the result was that was an
inexorable downward shift of the price of
carbon.
And the result of all this is that there is
12
now a real fear that carbon trading has
been irrevocably discredited as a means
of reducing emissions. Which is a shame,
because if the system had not been so
generous with the initial allowance
allocations, and if there was an effective
Company
(Currency)
Monthly
share price
price floor, it would have been a workable
format for controlling emission levels. But
the world is full of “if onlys”.
WIP
Internet link
www.gmp.uk.com/power
52 week Change over Change over
high/low
month
year
E217
Change
since Jan.
2008
ABB (CHF)
14.29
11.29/
34.43
-4.7%
-47.0%
-48.8%
Ansaldo (EUR)
10.25
7.71/
11.08
+8.1%
+17.5%
+18.6%
Atlas Copco (SEK)
56.75
40.70/
103.50
+13.5%
-37.1%
-35.7%
Caterpillar (USD)
24.61
23.50/
85.96
-22.7%
-66.4%
-65.7%
Chloride (GBX)
131.00
107.25/
286.75
-3.1%
-30.7%
-26.1%
Cummins (USD)
20.80
-17.3%
-61.0%
-55.7%
Doosan Heavy
Industries (KRW)
59800
17.70/
75.98
37300/
142000
-17.2%
-55.4%
Foster Wheeler
(USD)
15.04
13.86/
79.97
-24.7%
-76.9%
-79.0%
GE (USD)
8.51
-33.1%
-74.9%
-76.5%
John Deere (EUR)
1500
0.0%
+2.0%
+21.5%
Kirloskar (INR)
42.80
8.40/
38.52
1450/
1500
31.50/
132.00
+22.3%
-63.6%
MAN (EUR)
32.08
26.37/
104.90
-6.0%
-65.7%
-60.8%
Mitsubishi (JPY)
1244
923.00/
3950
+1.9%
-62.6%
-54.3%
MTU (EUR)
20.51
12.87/
36.00
-6.4%
-40.3%
-39.0%
Rolls-Royce (GBX)
289.00
237.27/
445.15
-13.0%
-35.3%
-40.6%
Siemens (EUR)
40.33
33.05/
92.62
-8.3%
-56.2%
-54.9%
Volvo Penta (SEK)
38.10
29.10/
103.50
+8.6%
-60.2%
-57.6%
Wärtsilä (EUR)
18.40
15.53/
48.57
-11.0%
-57.9%
-57.5%
Monthly figures taken at end February 2009
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
GAS TURBINES
Stop your turbines getting lacquered
With demand for power growing across the globe, more and more power plants are
operating as peaking plants rather than on a base load basis. While this is helping to
maintain the level of output needed to answer increasing power usage, it is also putting
turbines under considerable additional strain. Ronald Bakker, a Global Product
Application Specialist at Shell Lubricants, explains the associated problems of power
plants running on peaking operations, looking at the role of effective lubrication to
reduce lacquer formation and the costly associated maintenance issues.
T
he power industry has become
increasingly competitive, so the
need to ensure that a plant remains
reliable, profitable and able to maximise
its capacity has never been stronger.
Research by Analyst Inc shows that an
increased demand for power has reduced
the number of power plants operating in
base load from 80% to just 20% over the
past eight years, and this trend looks set
to continue. Meanwhile, in order to
realise the benefits of developments in
turbine equipment to increase output,
more stress is placed on the lubricant to
perform. Higher firing temperatures on
gas turbines, single shaft configurations,
changes in reservoir design and smaller
gear sizes are all creating new challenges
for turbine performance and putting
greater stress on the lubricants that are
so essential to turbine reliability.
In any power plant, the quality of
lubricant used has a significant impact on
turbine reliability and therefore on overall
equipment availability and maintenance
costs. However, in plants operating as
peaking units, where there is frequent use
of turning equipment, the potential for
lacquer/varnish to form is dramatically
increased. Where lacquer occurs in
servo-valves, it can cause the valves to
stick or seize, while lacquer formation on
thrust or journal bearings can cause
increased temperatures and bearing
instability. With additional problems
including reduction of cooler
performance, increased bulk oil
temperature, prematurely plugged filters
and strainers, and the plugging of small
orifices, it is clear that preventing lacquer
formation is a business-critical
maintenance issue.
What’s the formula?
The question is, is it really possible to
prevent lacquer from forming? The
lacquer occurs as a by-product of turbine
oil oxidation, and many lubricant
manufacturers and OEMs have accepted
the problem as an unavoidable
maintenance issue, which must be
managed simply by ensuring the
recommended oil life of turbine oils is not
exceeded. Certainly, improvements in oil
formulation across the lubricants industry
have helped. For instance, lubricants
developed with Group II formulation base
oils offer extended oil lifetimes, and the
move to Group II turbine oils since the
1990s has helped to generate significant
improvements in turbine oil performance.
As with other oils, the solvency of
turbine lubricants increases as
temperature increases. Maintaining a fluid
at higher operating temperatures will thus
provide higher solubility for any oxidation
by-products. In a peaking operation where
higher temperatures cause increased
oxidative and thermal stress, it is
essential not only to specify a Group II
base oil formulation, but also to consider
overall oil performance and to manage
the lubrication process effectively from
specification all the way through to oil
analysis.
WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER • MARCH 2009
13
Ad pages make up:Layout 1 26/03/2009 06:49 Page 3
Centrax - Powering the future
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER
ON-SITE POWER PRODUCTION
When you need a source of energy for your business
we provide an answer to your power requirements
Rolls-Royce industrial turbines
Power range from 2.5 MW to 64 MW
Clear environmental benefits
GAS TURBINES
TURNKEY POWER PLANT
CENTRAX LIMITED (Gas Turbine Division)
Newton Abbot, England TQ12 4SQ
Tel: +44 (0)1626 358 000
E-mail: sales@centrax.eu.com
www.centrax.eu.com
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GAS TURBINES
To help prevent degradation of the base
oil, and reduce the risk of lacquer
formation, anti-oxidants are used as an
additive to the turbine lubricant.
Typically, high quality turbine oils contain
a mixture of anti-oxidants, with some
being used at a more rapid rate during
the oil's service life. It is not uncommon
for plant operators to request an antioxidant booster package to help overcome
this anti-oxidant depletion problem, but
this can often be counter-productive and
actually lead to more severe deposit
formation and increased operating costs.
The real test
Part of the challenge in achieving a
lubricant formulation that safeguards
against lacquer formation within a
verifiable service life has always been the
lack of any test to accurately predict
lacquering potential. Conventional
oxidation tests carried out during product
development (for example, RPVOT and
TOST life) are extremely useful in
predicting oil life, but a test that maps
lacquering behaviour under “real”
operating conditions is required to really
address the problem.
It was for this reason that scoping work
was carried out by Shell’s Technology
Department to identify a screening test
that could be used to indicate an oil’s
deposit forming. This testing showed that
it was possible to differentiate between
the long term deposit/lacquer forming
tendency of turbine oils, hence a new
product development was initiated that
resulted in the development of the next
generation Shell Turbo CC range of oils.
The previous Shell Turbo CC range has
performed well since first being
introduced in 1997-8, but increasingly
harsh operating
conditions within
power plant
environments led to
the development of a
next generation
formulation aimed at
helping operators to
improve plant availability, avoid costly
downtime, and
enhance reliability.
Used in the first stage
of product
development, Shell's in-house deposit
forming screening test was created to
simulate field conditions and to provide a
genuine indication of lacquering
potential. Designed on the basis of OEM
specifications, the test measures deposit
levels by running the oil over a hot plate,
then simulating turbine conditions.
This test provided an initial platform
from which to begin the three-year
development programme for the next
generation Shell Turbo CC turbine oils,
and was followed by an extensive field
performance evaluation programme. This
endurance testing programme was carried
out on equipment that had previously
suffered from varnish formation. This
ensured that trials replicated actual
operating conditions and showed
extensive correlation between the
in-house test and actual performance in
the field.
The result of this extensive testing is a
range of turbine oils, suitable for power
generation combined-cycle turbines,
industrial steam turbines, and industrial
gas turbines. The range of oils offer
extended oil life and, as a result, reduces
maintenance and unscheduled downtime.
Shell’s in-house deposit forming screening
test has proved Shell Turbo CC’s long-term
sludge and deposit resistance, providing
peace of mind for power plant operators
that the risk of lacquering is lower, and
consequently turbine reliability and
availability should be increased. Rapid air
release, high resistance to foaming and
excellent water-shedding properties also
provide extra protection against
component wear and fatigue, with the
range’s excellent load capacity making
the lubricant suitable for use in turbines
with highly loaded gears.
TAN
Total Acid Number or TAN is a
measure of both the weak organic
and strong inorganic acids present
within oil.
Testing for TAN is essential to
maintain and protect your
equipment, preventing damage in
advance. A rise in TAN is indicative
of oil oxidation due to time and/or
operating temperature. Trend as
well as absolute values should be
used to monitor TAN levels.
High operating temperatures
severely stress the oil. This results
in oxidation and nitration, changes
in viscosity, the build up of acidic
waste products and deposits on
metal surfaces. TAN is generally an
issue in gearbox lubricants , gas
engine , gas turbine and hydraulic
lubricants . It is not generally
associated with engine crankcase
lubricants unless they are severly
contaminated.
The singular exception may be
crankcase lubricants for gas
engines, where TBN can deplete
very rapidly and elevated operating
temperatures can generate high
leves of weak organic acids.
Improved accountability
With the impact of lacquering being
proven to cause a variety of problems in
turbines, understanding the correlation
between turbine oil and its lacquering
potential can help to reduce unscheduled
downtime and increase power output. The
extensive testing undertaken by Shell
through its in-house deposit forming
screening test and field trials, will play an
ever more important role in how power
operators select their turbine oils going
forward.
WIP
Internet link
www.shell.com
WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER • MARCH 2009
E218
15
GAS TURBINES
Self-cleaning gas turbine inlet filters
With the ever-increasing demand for exceptional efficiency in gas turbines, the need to
ensure purity of fuel becomes ever more crucial. GE has launched a new gas turbine
inlet filter design, including static and self-cleaning functions.
G
E Energy has announced the launch
of its new gas turbine inlet filters
for static and self-cleaning
applications. The new high-performance
filters complement the existing range of
GE Energy inlet filtration systems, and are
suitable for use in some of the world’s
harshest environments. Tailoring the inlet
system of a gas turbine to its operating
conditions is vital to help deliver optimum
performance and efficiency.
The two filters that have been added to
the GE product line include a Nanomedia
LP9 pulse filter cartridge for self-cleaning
applications and F8MX and F9MX minipleat
filters.
Nanomedia LP9
The Nanomedia LP9 pulse filter cartridge
for self-cleaning applications utilises GE’s
high performance Nanomedia technology
to deliver excellent levels of sub-micron
particulate removal, with an initial
efficiency of greater than 80% at 0.3
microns, and low pressure loss. Rated
MERV 15 per ASHRAE 52.2 and F9 per
EN779:2002, this new filter is particularly
suited to environments with high levels of
small particulate, such as
deserts or industrial areas.
A membrane of superfine
synthetic fibres is applied to a
specially engineered
spun-bond base media layer to
effectively capture high levels
of sub-micron particulate
(patent pending). Filtration
and pressure loss characteristics remain optimised whether
the filter is operating in wet
or dry conditions and at high
or low levels of humidity. The
Nanomedia LP9 pulse filter
cartridge helps to extend filter
LP9 Pulse Filters.
life and increase dust-holding
capabilities.
and oil and gas industries. Ideal for high
GE Energy’s new F8MX and F9MX
humidity applications, the use of
minipleat filters provide high dust-holding
advanced synthetic media combinations
capacity to prolong filter life and help
ensures that filtration and pressure loss
reduce operating costs. Rated MERV 15
characteristics remain optimised across a
and 16 respectively per ASHRAE 52.2 (F8
wide range of operating conditions. They
and F9 per EN799:2002), these static
are available in industry-standard sizes,
filters are designed for low pressure loss
and the filter elements are suitable for
to enable optimum power output, and are
both GE- and non-GE-supplied inlet filter
suitable for use in a range of operating
systems. They are available with
environments across the power generation
corresponding pre-filters.
Mike Adams, General Manager of GE
Energy’s gas turbine inlet systems
business, said: “GE is in the business of
solving the world’s toughest problems,
and our new gas turbine inlet filters not
only greatly enhance our overall product
offering, but also expand our expertise in
designing for extremely challenging
operating environments.”
WIP
Minipleat prefilters and main filter.
16
Internet link
www.ge.com/energy
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
E219
Where others think they’re seeing a mirage,
we are quite cool in facing sizzling reality.
Durable and innovative like our alloys: 75 years VDM.
Only very special creatures and plants can survive in the desert. And
extremely resistant materials. Like our high-temperature Nicrofer alloys
for gas turbines in power stations. And because they permit higher
inlet temperatures, they optimize the use of fuels. Even in the desert,
they ensure that vital energy can be provided: for example in sea water
desalination plants producing drinking water. We don’t lose our cool,
despite working at over 50 °C in the shade.
ThyssenKrupp VDM: A high-performance enterprise
ThyssenKrupp VDM
A company of ThyssenKrupp Stainless
vdm@thyssenkrupp.com, www.thyssenkruppvdm.com
TK
Document1
10/04/2008
14:10
Page 1
W O R L D W I D E LO A D B A N K S P E C I A L I S T S
Crestchic loadbanks maximum power
when you really need it
SALES
RENTAL
When power generation is vital, when backup
systems must be fully tested to make sure
they’re up to the job - you need a stable,
continuous and variable power generation
test to imitate real loads, in real time. You
need a load test solution you can rely on.
No other company specialises in worldwide
load test solutions like Crestchic.
Manufacturing loadbanks for sale and rental
for over 20 years, we have delivered reliable
and effective test solutions to all seven
continents.
Crestchic Tailor-made load test
solutions from 30kW to 100MVA
Why look anywhere else?
For more information, contact us on
(+44) 01283 531645
Or find us on the Internet at www.crestchic.co.uk
You can also email us: sales@crestchic.co.uk
or hires@crestchic.co.uk
LOADBANKS
What’s on the market
There is a bewildering array of loadbank products available on the market. This article
takes a brief look at some of the options available from a selection of suppliers.
W
hether it be it resistive, reactive
or DC loadbanks, or
transformers, there are a large
number of companies that are either
renting or selling suitable products. It can
be a complicated task trying to select the
most appropriate for your specific needs,
so this article tries to highlight the ranges
that are available from a small selection
of suppliers. It should be noted that
product offerings can and do change, so
this is only a snapshot view. It should also
be noted that this is by no means an
exhaustive list. Given that there are
literally hundreds of suppliers around the
world, ranging from small, regional
suppliers who concentrate on supplying a
small sales area with all its resources
through to large global conglomerates
that proudly claim to supply anyone,
anywhere with anything at any time,
covering them all would be impossible.
Some companies specialise in loadbanks,
and supply nothing else, while some have
a wide range of products of which
loadbanks form just a small part. Some
specialise in rental, some in sales, and
some in either.
up to five units can be linked and
operated from one control panel, and that
the smaller units are compact enough to
fit through a standard door.
Aggreko
Avtron
Aggreko rents resistive and reactive
loadbanks that range in size from
100-5000kW, with various power-factor
testing facilities. The company claims that
Avtron Loadbank sells resistive and
reactive loadbanks for both portable and
permanent applications. The portable
loadbanks range from 10-700kW, while the
Atlas Copco Kolfor
The company offers for rental loadbanks
ranging from 100kW to “multi-megawatt
systems”. The products are CE plated and
comply with the Low Voltage (LVD) and
Electromagnetic Compatibility Directives.
Call the
experts for
practical
advice and
a quotation
without
obligation
Crestchic supplies loadbanks around the world.
Contact details of firms covered:
Aggreko:
Atlas Copco Kolfor:
Avtron:
Cannon Load Bank:
Comrent International:
Crestchic:
Elmatic:
Energyst Cat Rental
Power:
Hillstone:
Metal Deploye:
NJ Froment:
Simplex:
www.aggreko.com
www.atlascopcokolfor.co.uk
www.avtron.com/load_banks.htm
www.cannonloadbanks.com
www.comrent.net
www.crestchic.co.uk
www.elmatic.co.uk
www.energyst.com
www.hillstone.co.uk
www.mdresistor.com
www.froment.co.uk
www.simplexdirect.com
Specialists in Noise Control
and Ventilation Systems
for all types of applications
Acoustic Canopies and
Containers,
Exhaust Silencers,
Weatherlouvres
and Dampers,
Attenuators, Doors
and Ducting.
Full Design and
Installation as required.
Colchester
Engineering
Systems
Unit 5 Chancers Farm, Fossetts Lane, Fordham,
Colchester, Essex, CO6 3NY, England
tel 01206 240788 fax 01206 240099
email: colengsys@aol.com
www.colchesterengineering.com
Noise Control and Ventila tion System Engineers
WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER • MARCH 2009
19
LOADBANKS
permanent loadbanks offered range from
50-7000kW. The loadbanks typically have
a minimum step resolution of 5kW.
Cannon Load Banks
Cannon Load Banks specialises in the sale
and rental of small, portable loadbanks up
to 120kW, with the units weighing less
than 60lbs.
Comrent International
Comrent International claims to be the
industry’s leading supplier of load banks
and load bank rentals to organisations
worldwide, providing rental, long-term
leasing and sales of loadbanks, and it has
one of the largest fleets in the USA. Its
inventory includes load bank units from 4
kW to 5,000 kW, resistive AC & DC, capacitive, and reactive AC 300 to 3750 KVAR.
The company also sells used loadbanks.
Crestchic
Crestchic claims to be the world’s leading
loadbank specialist. It offers:
•
•
•
•
Resistive loadbanks. 2kW 6000kW.
Reactive loadbanks. 2506000kVA.
DC loadbanks. Standard range
from 24V/100A to 440V/450A.
Transformers. 2.9-5.8MVA.
Crestchic’s resistive loadbanks have
variable load with 1kW resolution, and the
reactive loadbanks have resolution to
1KVA. Both can operate at 3-phase 50Hz
or 60Hz, with the reactive loadbanks
designed for lagging power factor, and
they are both rated for operation in
ambient conditions up to 50°C.
The DC loadbanks have a choice of three
control systems: manual, constant current
and constant current PC. Applications for
DC loadbanks vary, and specific needs can
be met when these aren’t met by the
standard range offered.
Elmatic
Elmatic supplies loadbanks custom built to
customer specification, suitable for both
indoor and outdoor use. The loadbanks
have an option for a remote control
panel. The size of loadbank available
range from 2kW to 1MW.
20
Energyst Cat Rental Power
Energyst Cat Rental Power provides
resistive/reactive load banks for testing of
AC supplies (at unity or variable power
factor) or for battery discharge and UPS
testing. Its smaller range of load banks,
based on robust modular chassis
construction, are for single or three phase
testing up to 1000 kW per unit and may
be coupled for multi-megawatt tests.
Larger load banks are based on an ISO
container construction and enable
assembly of multi-megawatt test packages
at 0.8 or a variable power factor.
Hillstone
Hillstone offers AC and DC loadbanks for
sale or for rental. The AC loadbanks
available range in size from 5-1200kW,
3-phase 50Hz or 60Hz, and from 380-690V.
The outdoor designs for either portable or
fixed installations can be supplied for 1kW
switched load steps or to supply larger
loading from 25% load step ratings of the
generator.
The company also supplies single phase
240V loadbanks ranging from 5-14kW. It
sells DC loadbanks that offer solutions to
meet the budget and technical
requirements of all battery discharge
testing and are offered from 12-1200V DC
with current ratings up to 2000A.
Froment’s standard resistive load banks
can be used for testing supplies up to
690Vac or 500Vdc. The MS range is
primarily for single- or three-phase testing
at up to 2000kW at 690V.
Inductive load banks are used in
conjunction with resistive load banks for
testing AC supplies at non-unity power
factors. Most gen-sets are rated at 0.8
power factor, so to test at rated
conditions requires both resistive and
inductive load. Inductive load banks can
be customised for a particular
application, or they can be combined into
one unit with resistive load banks.
Both resistive and inductive load are
required for testing AC supplies at non
unity power factors. Since most gen-sets
are rated at 0.8 power factor, testing at
rated conditions is conveniently done with
a combined load bank.
Simplex
The company offers loadbanks and fuel
supply systems for sale or for rental. The
loadbanks include:
•
Portable.
•
Large Portable.
•
Stationary.
•
Radiator-cooled.
•
Water-cooled.
•
Trailer.
•
Bespoke.
Metal Deploye
Metal Deploye supplies loadbanks with
both natural air cooling and horizontal
forced air cooling that can meet power
factors of 0.8-1.0.
The natural air cooling units range from
5-120kW under 400V 3-phase AC, while
the horizontal forced air cooling range
from 50-1200Kw under 400V 3-phase AC.
NJ Froment
Froment specialises in the supply of
testing equipment, and its Proofloader
load bank range can be used to test
standby power systems and UPS systems.
Froment Proofloader is a load bank system
that replicates working load conditions
and provides a rigorous test regime for
power supplies from 1kW to many MVA.
Resistive, inductive or combined load
banks can be customised for any
application, and standard or custom-built
load banks can be supplied for most
voltages, frequencies and sizes.
The stationary loadbanks come in ranges
from 5kW up to 4500kW units. These units
have forced air cooled with integral
cooling fans. These Load Banks are
relatively self-contained and have the
greatest range of standard capacities.
Summary
This has been just a very brief overview
of a range of a few of the companies in
the loadbank market. It is by no means an
exhaustive list; that would be the scope
of a directory.
However, it hopefully gives an idea of
the range of products, companies and
ways of selling, renting or leasing both
new and used loadbanks, and the
different perception of the market by
different companies.
WIP
Internet link
www.gmp.uk.com/power
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
E220
Ad pages make up:Layout 1 26/03/2009 06:56 Page 5
The Worldwide Load Bank Experts
Avtron Portable Load Banks feature the
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Reliable Manual Operation
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1400 kW at 400 V
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300 kW at 400 V
50 Hz, 338 kg
500 kW at 400 V
50 Hz, 522 kg
80 kW at 400 V
50 Hz, 48 kg
+DOOH'ULYH&OHYHODQG2+86$‡3KRQH‡)D[‡(PDLO/%VDOHV#DYWURQFRP
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global power test solutions
Page 22 Interpower Vibrocoustics Dring.qxd
26/03/2009
JAMES DRING POWER PLANT
LIMITED
Established in 1964, we have generating sets
operating in almost every country in the world.
No matter what your requirement we can
provide a generating set to meet your needs.
We design and build in our own purpose built
factory.
JAMES DRING POWER PLANT LIMITED
8 Eagle Road, Quarry Hill Industrial Park,
Ilkeston, Derbyshire DE7 4RB UK
Tel: 0115 9440072
Fax: 0115 9440235
Email:james.dring@talk21.com www.jamesdring.co.uk
09:02
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thousands of others.
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web: www.gmp.uk.com
GEN-SETS
Is it time for micro-CHP to play
rock, paper scissors?
Vikas Ravindran, Research Analyst at Frost & Sullivan, has presented a report into the
European micro-CHP market. What does the report reveal?
I
t is just a matter of time until search
engines around the world add the
words “Recession” and “Closure” to
their list of the most searched keywords.
Since September 2008, these words have
made headlines, and experts across the
industry feel that we haven’t seen the
worst yet. Although there has not been a
direct impact on the energy industry so
far, manufacturers and utilities are taking
a step back and contemplating any further
investments. This trend is also visible in
the renewable and alternate energy
markets with a decrease in R&D
expenditure and production being cut
down to half.
Micro CHP technology has always been
considered a “killer” technology,
especially when it is viewed as an ideal
replacement for traditional condensing
boilers. But the global sales of mCHP
units, although rising, are still at a
nascent stage of the power generation
landscape and the growth rate has been
declining year on year. Installed capacity
in 2004 was close to 24MW, which rose by
If you would like more information
about this subject and related
research and about our Energy
subscription, please send an e-mail to
Chiara Carella - Corporate
Communications, at
chiara.carella@frost.com
with the following information:
full name, company name, title,
telephone number, e-mail address, city,
state and country.
Requested information will be sent by
email upon receipt of this information.
29% to 31MW in 2005. However, installed
capacity only reached 38MW in 2006, a
growth of around 22%. Japan is currently
leader, with 75% of the worldwide sales.
Honda's ECOWILL and Yanmar’s Genelight
units account for the majority of the
sales. This is mainly due to a strong
distribution strategy, where gas companies
offer the product to house owners and
developers. The German market
contributes around 20% of the global
sales, with SenerTec and Power Plus
Technologies being the primary companies
operating in Germany.
Focus - Europe
The prime movers in the mCHP market
are internal combustion engines, external
combustion engines and fuel cell based
systems. Internal combustion engine
accounts for the bulk of sales and the
major reason for this growth is
technological. The internal combustion
engine based mCHP units have a long
history of use and have long life times.
The external combustion engine based
mCHP units are also showing some signs of
growth, as most manufacturers are coping
with the challenges in making a transition
from field trials to mass manufacturing.
The fuel cell based mCHP system has not
yet seen the impetus that industry pundits
had predicted. Slow growth of the
stationary fuel cells market in the EU can
be cited as a prime reason. The systems
are still falling behind in parameters such
as longevity and efficiency against
traditional condensing boilers. Fuel cell
based units are expected to see
commercial growth post 2015.
Europe has not been as proactive
compared to America and Asia in
implementing new policies and adopting
new technologies. This deliberation, both
from industry and governments, has so far
kept it behind other regions. The
European micro CHP market does not have
many companies operating at the
moment, and a major influx of
manufacturers is not expected in the next
two years.
Interesting developments
Although the European mCHP market
holds immense potential for growth,
certain developments that have taken
place in the last two years suggest
otherwise. Microgen, a leading mCHP
manufacturer, closed down in 2007. The
board did not see the product coming into
the market and felt that the technology
was another five years and €100 million
away, and not financially viable for the
company. This demonstrates the fact that
even with a sound technology, continuous
financial backing is vital.
In the case of SOLO Stirling, the
company was unable to meet its launch
deadline. The company had budgeted €10
million and two years to market the
stirling engine mCHP units. Although it
spent the money, it still needed another
two years to manufacture a market-ready
product. As is the case with every new
technology, awareness at a customer level
is quite low, and people who could
possibly steer customers towards mCHP
are either not prepared or not trained for
the mCHP revolution.
The industry has started looking at
Whisper Tech units with renewed interest.
In September 2008, the company
partnered with the Spanish-based
Mondragon Cooperative, and this joint
venture, known as Efficient Home Energy,
has now become an exclusive
manufacturer and distributor of
WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER • MARCH 2009
23
GEN-SETS
Whispergen mCHP units. This move is
expected to revive the market for
Whisper Tech units, which are aimed at
the residential market with a power
output of around 1kW.
Regulatory Framework
A common regulatory framework does not
exist for Europe, although there has been
considerable introduction of new policies
and the amendment of old ones in
individual countries like Germany, UK and
Spain. The EU has not yet set any
minimum tariffs for electricity exported
to the grid throughout Europe. The
methodology of utilities buying at a lower
rate and selling at a premium cost needs
to be altered, and a fair price needs to be
fixed.
Currently, growth is being led by
Germany and the Netherlands. UK has
potential, although the regulatory
framework and support schemes have not
been conducive to mCHP growth. Spain
has put in place a supportive regulatory
framework, but the Spanish market is
difficult to conquer, as all new bills are
covered by renewable obligations. It is
necessary that the regulatory framework
dealing with permitting, authorisation,
licensing, connecting to network and
connection charges, as well as the
regulatory support aspect, which covers
schemes like study grants, investment
grants, operational grants, feed-in tariffs
and so on, be thoroughly analysed. EU
policy makers can also strive to create an
acceptable network connection standards
and procedures by including a directive
for monitoring the provision of fair and
transparent network connection for mCHP
The 2004 Cogeneration Directive
released its proposal for a revised
emissions trading scheme. This proposal
extends up to 2020. The European
Commission has proposed an energy
package which boosts energy security and
includes the following:
•
•
24
Putting forward a new strategy
to build energy solidarity among
Member States and a new policy
on energy networks to stimulate
investment in more efficient
low-carbon energy networks.
Proposing an Energy Security and
Solidarity Action Plan to secure
sustainable energy supplies in
the EU and looking at challenges
•
that Europe will face between
2020 and 2050.
Adopting a package of energy
efficiency proposals aims to
make energy savings in key
areas, such as reinforcing energy
efficiency legislation on buildings
and energy-using products.
Micro CHP, macro perspective
The recent economic downturn has sent
global markets into a downward spiral,
and it is logical to assume that this would
have an effect on the energy industry as
well. However, the mCHP market hasn’t
seen a major impact so far, and most
companies feel pretty secure and well
insulated from the recession. British Prime
Minister Gordon Brown recently stated
that the global economic meltdown would
not affect the government's drive to
reduce the country’s carbon emissions. In
fact, due to the economic slowdown, the
EU can afford to set tighter limits on
emissions, since slower economic activity
will lower the emission permit prices.
Power producers may use the weak
economy to argue against stricter limits.
This might emerge as a hurdle to the
emerging mCHP companies and those
planning to enter the market in 2010
might have to push their date of
commercialisation by a year or two.
The game
Paper. In order to ensure that there is no
obstruction to the development of mCHP
in most European countries after 2010, a
clear regulatory framework for the system
in terms of efficiency and durability and
the connection to the local grid must be
put in place.
Scissors. The high price of the mCHP
system leads to lower demand, thereby
forcing manufacturers to curtail
production. However, fall in prices cannot
be attained without economies of scale,
thus creating a Catch 22 situation. The
issue of additional capital costs while
installing the systems can be solved by
introducing financial incentives to
stimulate market growth. Another way to
cut costs is by ensuring that there is an
optimal supply chain. Moreover, the
preferred route to market via service
providers, which comprises consortia of
manufacturers, installers and energy
supply companies might need to be
revisited as it has been found that few
efficient service providers exist at the
moment.
Rock. Finally, it is with much anticipation
that the energy industry awaits US
President Obama's view on energy policy.
Although this might not have a major
impact on the European economy
immediately, in this age of globalisation,
one is always well advised to take some
pointers from the energy industries and
economies around the world and act upon
them. The industry, irrespective of
borders, is striving towards a cleaner and
greener planet, and this might be just
another step taking us closer towards that
dream.
Conclusion
Micro CHP is a nascent industry.
Companies need a minimum 5-year incubation period to come out with a final
product. Manufacturers such as Whisper
Tech and Baxi-Senertec have been in the
industry long enough to understand the
market nuances, and are expected to play
a pivotal role in shaping the future of the
mCHP industry. With the recent economic
downturn, most of the leading players and
new entrants alike are looking to revamp
their corporate strategies to take account
of this slump. To achieve this goal, they
can start off by answering three eternal
questions:
•
•
•
Will they be able to reach a cost
target to reach a level of mass
market without the support of
their Government?
What is the risk exposure of this
new technology five years from
commercialisation? Will there be
a guarantee for the industry?
In the current economic climate,
will the government continue
supporting this technology?
Both the industry and the government
must work in tandem, and at present, the
government has a huge role to play,
because if they cut their support while
the market is still fragile, it might just kill
the market.
WIP
Internet link
www.frost.com
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
E221
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DIESEL/GAS ENGINES
Fuel sharing technology
Today’s power generation marketplace requires an increasing number of customised
solutions for each particular niche. Over the years, Wärtsilä has offered several types of
technology for gas engine applications to serve different needs. The latest is “fuel
sharing”, a solution ideally suited to associated gas in oil fields or refineries.
G
as-diesel technology uses the
diesel combustion cycle in both gas
and liquid fuel operation, which
gives it the characteristics of a diesel
engine in both operating modes. In gas
mode, a small amount of pilot fuel oil
injection is used to initiate combustion.
The need for a gas compressor for
high-pressure gas injection was often
considered an excessive investment for
conventional power generation
applications.
This technology was followed by sparkignited lean-burn engine technology,
which was developed especially for power
plant applications where lower investment
cost is a must, but where reliable and
good quality gas supply is available.
This principle was later converted to
dual-fuel technology to provide greater
fuel versatility for the operator. In the
dual-fuel system, the lean-burn gas is
ignited with a small amount of light fuel
oil as pilot injection and therefore no
spark plugs are needed on this engine.
The system also included the normal
diesel fuel injection system in order to
run on diesel oil.
All these technologies have been
developed to meet specific customer
needs and markets. Wärtsilä has
introduced a further development of the
gas-diesel technology, fuel sharing, which
is mainly targeted at the needs of the
operators of oil fields and related process
facilities.
A further development of the
gas-diesel technology, fuel
sharing, is mainly targeted at the
needs of the operators of oil fields
and related process facilities.
Gas-diesel operation
fuels. For example, if the gas available
allows only 30% of the rated output to be
reached, the engine will use fuel oil for
the remaining 70%. The operator can
freely change the setpoint of the fuel
share, and the control system will ensure
that the actual operating point is within
the specified operating windows. Of
course, the operator has the choice of
running the engine in conventional
gas-diesel or fuel operation as well.
In order to better understand the fuel
sharing window, let’s take a closer look at
each area individually.
Fuel oil operation
Fuel oil operation is based on the use of
normal fuel oil injection pumps and the
The fuel sharing system allows
the engine to run on gas and
liquid fuel in different
proportions, in order to optimise
What is fuel sharing?
The fuel sharing system allows the engine
to run on gas and liquid fuel in different
proportions, in order to optimise plant
operation based on the availability of the
26
system operates just like any diesel
engine. The engine can run, for example,
on light fuel oil, heavy fuel oil or crude
oil as the main fuel (and as the pilot
injection fuel), without any changes to
the fuel injection system. Fuel oil
operation is available within the full
range from zero to the rated load of the
engine.
plant operation based on the
availability of the fuels.
This is the original gas-diesel operation,
where gas is the main source of power,
although pilot fuel oil injection of
approximately 5% is used to ignite the
combustion. Gas-diesel operation is
available within 30-100% of rated load,
and the transfer to or from gas-diesel
operation can be executed at any point
within 30-87.5% of rated load.
Fuel sharing operation
The fuel sharing option is available within
35-100% of rated load. The fuel share
setpoint can be adjusted from the WOIS
(Wärtsilä Operators’ Interface System).
For example, the operator may want to
run at 30% gas share at full engine load,
and to achieve this, the 30% setpoint is
given and the fuel sharing mode is
selected.
If at any time the engine load is too low
for reaching the selected setpoint, the
control system will automatically adjust
the setpoint according to the minimum or
maximum limit. If the load returns to a
level where the 30% setpoint can be
reached, the system will bring the fuel
share back to the setpoint. The operator
may change the setpoint at any time during operation.
Fuel sharing is limited to a specified
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
DIESEL/GAS ENGINES
The actual fuel sharing value is
derived from the actuator
positions. To reach an accurate
actual value, the control system
works internally with linearised
actuator signals that are
calibrated to site conditions
and site fuels.
Figure 1: Fuel sharing.
window to ensure safe operation. The
following numbers refer to the limiting
points indicated with circles in Figure 1.
1.
The minimum gas share is 15% of
the power generation at full load. This is
a fixed limit that originates from the
minimum gas injection volume. Hence,
when the load is decreased, the lower
limit becomes proportionally higher. The
minimum gas share is defined in order to
allow continuous operation only at
sufficiently long injection durations to
ensure repeatable and linear operation of
the gas injection valve.
2.
The maximum gas share in fuel
sharing mode is about 80% at 87.5% of the
engine's rated load. The reason for not
allowing continuous operation between
gas-diesel operation and the maximum
limit is because the fuel oil pump curve
contains an inverse operating area
between the main and pilot injection
curves; inverse operation means that
increasing the fuel rack position actually
decreases the fuel injection amount.
3.
Maximum engine output in fuel
sharing is 35% of rated load, and this is
the point where the minimum and the
maximum fuel share limits meet. If the
engine load goes below 35%, the system
will automatically switch over to fuel oil
operation. The switchover is executed as
a fast transfer (not as a gas trip), which
means that the gas supply system is
maintained in ready status for some time
to enable rapid return to fuel sharing,
should the load level soon be restored
above 35%.
The actual fuel sharing value is derived
from the actuator positions. To reach an
accurate actual value, the control system
works internally with linearised actuator
signals that are calibrated to site
conditions and site fuels. The accuracy is
best if the fuel heat value does not vary.
However, the system is tolerant of
variations, and these do not cause
problems in operation.
Fuel sharing technology
The fuel sharing system is essentially a
combination of the gas-diesel engine and
a new control system and control
principle. The system controls both the
gas and the oil injection simultaneously
and allows both to be used within the
allowed operating window limits. The new
control system is tightly integrated into
the programmable logic control of the
Wärtsilä extended level automation
system using the Wärtsilä standard
platform.
The fuel sharing system consists of
multiple control loops which are all run
under one central processing unit (CPU).
The speed and load are controlled by a
dedicated PID controller embedded in the
main PLC software. The speed controller
provides a large variety of optimised
control methods such as speed droop, kW
and speed droop compensation controls
(SDC).
The fuel oil and fuel gas amounts are
controlled by a dedicated twin-driver
actuator controller which is also
embedded in the PLC software. It receives
the global control level signal from the
speed PID, and divides the signal to the
two actuators according to the setpoints
and operating conditions.
The PLC control signals are connected to
the actuators, which transform the global
control signals into fuel injection cycles
for each cylinder with the correct timing
and duration. The fuel oil actuator is
electro-hydraulic, the same as in
conventional diesel engines. The gas
actuator is an Electronic Rail Valve (ERV)
system which controls cylinder-specific
injection valves based on engine speed
and position, and a global control signal
from the PLC.
In addition to the twin-driver
functionality, the embedded controls
include the gas supply pressure control,
which keeps the gas pressure within
250-350 bar based on the gas injection
level. With small gas injection amounts
(low fuel share or low output gas-diesel),
the gas pressure is kept lower to extend
the duration of the injection.
WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER • MARCH 2009
27
DIESEL/GAS ENGINES
The fuel sharing system has now
taken its place in the Wärtsilä
power plant application
portfolio as the solution for
demanding fuel gas applications.
The high pressure (HP) sealing oil
pressure control is tightly integrated to
the gas pressure control. The sealing oil
pressure is kept 20 bar higher than the
gas pressure, which means that the HP oil
pressure tracks the gas pressure at all
times.
Last but not least, the system integrates
the sequencing of the gas supply valves
and the safety functionality. Without
going into too much detail about the
sequencing, the gas supply valves have
the following functions:
•
•
•
•
•
The double gas supply main
valves secure the isolation of the
gas source from the engine,
should this be necessary.
A slow filling system is used
during start-up. The gas line is
filled through a smaller bypass
line to prevent sudden pressure
variations in the system.
The blowdown system is used for
recirculating the compressed gas
back to the gas compressor inlet
when the gas is shut off from the
engine.
The double venting valves are
used for flaring the residual gas
from the gas piping after
blowdown.
The gas safety system will
execute a gas trip and shut off
the gas supply to the engine.
Fuel sharing applications
The fuel sharing principle was originally
tested on a Wärtsilä 4R32GD in 1999 for
LNG tanker applications. The test was
performed manually and it showed that
the system works but development was
not taken any further at that time.
In 2002, Wärtsilä was contacted by an
28
Power plant in Ecuador, equipped with two Wärtsilä 16V32 LNGD fuel sharing gen-sets.
Ecuador-based company, with a
specification that called for true fuel
sharing capability for an oil field power
supply system. The customer needed a
power plant that could run on both gas
and crude oil because the gas supply was
not stable and oil field gas availability
declines over time as the watercut
increases. Wärtsilä took up the challenge
and developed the fuel sharing system for
the two Wärtsilä 16V32LNGD gen-sets in a
very short time. The plant was handed
over for commercial operation in March
2004.
This project best shows the main market
niche for fuel sharing: associated gas in
oil fields or refineries. However, the fuel
sharing capability is not limited to this
type of application. The fuel system can
be used with gas that has a low methane
number and it can be used with very low
heat value gas.
The fact that it combines a large variety
of fuels may also make the fuel sharing
system the most economical solution in
certain cases. Since the control system is
now integrated into the Wärtsilä standard
extended level automation system, gas
conversion applications or future gas
conversions are now much more attractive
than with the original gas-diesel system.
The main advantages of the fuel sharing
system are:
•
Flexible operation at variable
•
•
•
gas/oil shares.
Flexibility in fuel oils. For
example, light fuel oil, heavy
fuel oil and crude oil can be
used as main and pilot fuel.
The system can operate on a low
methane number gas.
The system can use low heat
value gas, especially in fuel
sharing.
How does it run?
During the development of the fuel
sharing system, we were often asked one
question: is it really possible? Perhaps the
idea of combining so many different and
demanding fuel types into one system
sounds too good to be true.
However, as the test runs in May 2003
and the commissioning runs in March 2004
clearly show, the system really works.
Conclusion
The fuel sharing system has now taken its
place in the Wärtsilä power plant
application portfolio as the solution for
demanding fuel gas applications.
WIP
Internet link
www.wartsila.com
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
E222
POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT
Not just secure - cyber secure
Emerson Process Management claims that its Ovation security centre streamlines and
centralises the execution of cyber-security management functions.
E
merson Process Management has
introduced its Ovation Security
Centre, which is tightly integrated
into its Ovation expert control system.
The company claims that the Ovation
Security Centre makes it easier for
Emerson's power generation customers to
manage the execution of cyber-security
measures related to compliance with the
North American Electric Reliability Council
(NERC) Critical Infrastructure Protection
(CIP) standards. These standards require
the power industry to identify and protect
critical cyber assets related to the
reliable operation of bulk electric
systems.
What is it?
The Ovation’s Security Centre's centrally
located console streamlines management
of the following security applications:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Security event collection and
threat identification.
Patch deployment and audit.
Malware detection and
prevention.
Event log storage and reporting.
Intrusion detection and
prevention.
Data back-up and recovery.
•
Vulnerability assessment and
management.
The Security Centre’s event management
capability provides a centralised event
collection, event correlation, and threat
identification function for security-related
events in an Ovation control system.
Security events are collected from each
network device including network
intrusion detection systems, firewalls,
routers, switches, servers, workstations,
controllers and Security Centre
application modules.
Critical security events that require
plant personnel intervention are
forwarded to a notification function, such
as the Ovation alarm system, an e-mailer
or pager. Periodic updates to patches,
vulnerability databases and security
signatures are downloaded through
Emerson’s SureService software update
program, and standard security
management reports are available for
operations management and regulatory
compliance.
robust solution for owners/operators of
power generation facilities. They also
underscore Emerson’s ongoing
commitment to providing customers with
comprehensive solutions that address the
power industry’s evolving security
challenges. As part of its SureService
customer support programme, Emerson
also offers security assessments and
audits.
Bob Yeager, President of the Power and
Water Solutions Division of Emerson, said:
“Helping our customers operate their
plants securely, reliably, safely and
efficiently has always been - and will
continue to be - a top priority for
Emerson. The integration of the Ovation
Security Centre within the Ovation control
system is just the latest in our ongoing
efforts aimed at ensuring that Emerson
continues to be the secure choice in
power plant automation and control.”
WIP
Complimentary
These enhancements complement
Emerson’s existing cyber-security
measures, resulting in an integrated,
Internet link
www.emersonprocess.com
E223
Solar Taurus T60
MOBILE GEN SETS
5.2 MW
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205-590-3505 Tel
205-590-3885 Fax
Wesley: wtuggle@maegen.com
Art:: asigler@maegen.com
Greg: gposey@maegen.com
Keith: kcoleman@maegen.com
HEAT EXCHANGERS
The rotary heat exchanger
The rotary regenerative heat exchanger was invented by the Swedish engineer
Frederick Ljungstrom in 1922. Shortly after, Howden and Ljungstrom worked together
to commercialise the technology for use in the power generation industry.
Howden discuss the technology of the rotary heat exchanger.
T
Rotary heat exchangers are
he rotary regenerative heat
exchanger, commonly known as the
air preheater or the gas preheater,
was first invented by the Swedish
engineer Frederick Ljungstrom in 1922. In
a rotary heat exchanger, heat is
transferred from a hot gas to a cold one
via a rotating cylinder of densely packed
metal sheets, called elements. These
elements are packed in containers and
slowly rotate through one gas stream and
into the other.
Rotary heat exchangers are produced in
various sizes dependent on the
application, but they can be as large as
20m in diameter, weighing over 800
tonnes.
A hot gas flows over the surface of the
metallic elements, raising their
temperature. As the rotor turns, at
around 1rpm, the heated elements move
into the cool gas stream, increasing its
temperature accordingly. Different
elements are designed specifically for
particular fuels or applications, with
performance reflecting a balance between
resistance to erosion or fouling and
efficiency of heat transfer. In a rotary
heat exchanger, some leakage of higher
pressure gas into the lower pressure gas
stream is inevitable as small running
clearances are required between the rotor
and the housing.
When handling large quantities of gas or
air, regenerative heat exchangers are an
extremely efficient and compact solution.
The reason for this is that both surfaces
of each element plate are used
simultaneously for heat transfer as they
rotate through both the gas and air side
of the heat exchanger.
Tri-Sector Heat Exchanger.
Rotary Heat Exchanger Schematic.
Element Basket.
Quad-Sector Heat Exchanger.
30
produced in various sizes
dependent on the application, but
they can be as large as 20m in
diameter, weighing over
800 tonnes.
Bi-Sector Heat Exchanger.
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
HEAT EXCHANGERS
Air preheaters
Schematic of boiler and flue gas desulpherisation plant.
On fossil-fired boiler plant, the gas
leaving the boiler furnace zone still
contains a considerable amount of
thermal energy. Using a preheater to
recover a large quantity of this energy
and return it to the furnace increases the
plant’s thermal efficiency by about one
third and allows the station to generate
around 10% more electricity. The rotary
heat exchanger preheats the air, which
transports the coal to the boiler (the
primary air), and the air that goes
directly to the burners (the secondary
air).
Types of heat exchanger
Gas reheaters
Air preheaters recover a large
There are three types of rotary heat
exchanger:
•
•
•
quantity of the thermal energy of
the gas leaving the boiler furnace
Bi-sector rotary heater.
Tri-sector rotary heater.
Quad-sector rotary heater.
zone and returns it to the furnace
Bi-sector rotary heater
Gas reheaters, which are used on
A bi-sector heater splits the flow of the
gas and air paths into two. One side of
the heater handles only gas and the other
side handles air. Conventional coal-fired
boilers usually have two different
bi-sector heaters, with one supplying the
main boiler combustion air and the other
smaller heater being used to heat higher
pressure air, which is supplied to the coal
pulverisers.
FGD plants, reduce the
temperature of the flue gas before
it enters the FGD plant.
A gas preheater is used to recover
heat from the gas leaving the
Tri-sector rotary heater
DeNOx plant, and uses this to
The tri-sector heater splits the air side
into two separate paths. The larger
section handles the main combustion air,
which is preheated before being ducted to
the boiler. The smaller section deals with
higher pressure air which is preheated
before being supplied to the coal
pulverisers. The main advantage is that
two heaters are combined into one.
heater results in lower leakage of air,
which is at a higher pressure, across to
the main gas stream.
Quad-sector rotary heater
Major applications
The quad-sector heater is similar to the
tri-sector, in that it handles both the main
boiler combustion air and the air being
supplied to the coal pulverisers. The main
difference is that the higher pressure air,
used to supply the coal pulverisers, is
positioned between two combustion air
sections. Although the design of the
ducting is more complicated, this type of
There are three main applications for
rotary heat exchangers:
preheat the flue gas before it
enters the DeNOx plant.
•
•
•
Utility and industrial boilers - Air
preheaters.
Flue gas desulpherisation plant Gas reheaters.
Tail end SCR DeNOx plant - Gas
preheaters.
Gas reheaters, which are used on FGD
plants, reduce the temperature of the
flue gas before it enters the FGD plant. In
most wet scrubbers, the main vessels and
ducts are coated with rubber or
glass-flake lining to prevent corrosion. If
the flue gas were to enter the scrubber
without having its temperature reduced,
it could damage the rubber or lining.
The gas reheater then transfers the heat
removed from the gas stream entering the
FGD plant to the “cool” gas leaving the
FGD plant, to raise its temperature. This
prevents water condensing in the
downstream ducts and chimney, thus
minimising corrosion, and assisting in
producing a buoyant gas plume as it
leaves the top of the stack.
Gas preheater
SCR DeNOx plant may be installed
downstream of the preheater. In this
situation, a gas preheater is used to
recover heat from the gas leaving the
DeNOx plant, and uses this to preheat the
flue gas before it enters the DeNOx plant,
as the catalytic reaction takes place at
temperatures between 300-360°C.
WIP
Internet link
www.howden.com
WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER • MARCH 2009
E224
31
Page 32 Sital Wabash Bowman.qxd
20/03/2009
11:26
Page 1
FOR SALE / RENT
5.2 MW MOBILE GEN SETS
CALL: 800-704-2002
SOLAR
TAURUS 60
• GAS - LOW NOx (OIL)
• 60 Hz - 13.8KV or 50 Hz - 11KV
• LOW HOUR - SOLAR SERVICED
DIESELS • TURBINES • BOILERS
24/7 EMERGENCY SERVICE
IMMEDIATE DELIVERY
www.wabashpower.com | info@wabashpower.com
Phone: 847-541-5600 Fax: 847-541-1279
444 Carpenter Avenue, Wheeling, IL 60090
PUMPS/VALVES/GEARS
Thrust monitoring on boiler feed
pump equipment
Why is thrust monitoring of boiler feed pump equipment an important issue?
Sensonics looks at the issue.
O
ne of the challenges facing plant
instrumentation engineers today is
the effective and reliable
monitoring of thrust bearing wear in
critical pump applications. Typically,
pumps of this type are in continuous use,
and operational downtime is normally only
permitted during planned outages.
Predicting the wear, and hence the
requirement to replace the thrust pads, is
essential to fit in with this regime. With
rotational speeds between 3000-7000
rpm, protection against potential pump
damage is also key, as excessive thrust
wear can not only damage the bearing
assembly, but also the impeller, resulting
in the plant potentially being out of
action for six months or more.
A high pressure boiler feed pump set will
operate with pressurised fluid within the
thrust bearing. Permissible total wear on
the thrust pad from new is typically
between 0.75mm and 1.25mm, before
inspection or replacement is required.
Older boiler feed pump designs utilise a
hydrodynamic lubrication system driven
from the impeller action. Tilting pad
thrust bearings, common for the newer
boiler feed pump designs, utilise a
high-pressurised hydraulic oil supply to
minimise friction, and this is particularly
effective at start-up or slow rotating
speeds, where the hydrodynamic effect
which establishes itself at rated speed is
not present.
Thrust pad wear indication can provide
valuable feedback on how well the
lubrication technique is working.
Measurement of excessive wear could be
due to inadequate oil pressure or flow
around the assembly; a worn balance
device can produce uneven forces on the
bearing with the same result. Wear rates
Cut-away illustrates Weir Multistage
Boiler Feed Pump.
in combination with vibration
measurements can provide a good guide
to best efficiency point (BEP)
performance of the pump.
In addition, thrust monitoring is a key
protection measure to ensure automatic
shutdown in the event of safe operating
limits being exceeded. A recent example
is a 350MW turbine set and pump, where
a Sensonics thrust monitoring system
enabled safe shutdown of the boiler feed
pump, preventing bearing damage and a
long outage period for the turbine set.
While it is fairly straightforward to
monitor the end of the drive shaft for
changes in pad thickness, the
measurement is complicated by the
following factors:
•
Shaft and casing expansion.
•
Float in overall assembly.
•
Measurement target shape and
size.
So the challenge is a measurement range
for the shaft position that covers the
mechanical expansion float, yet still
provides accurate thrust wear indication.
Special bracketry is usually required to
achieve correct probe positioning and
adjustment; dual redundant systems are
common to ensure continued measurement integrity in the event of a probe
failure. Mounted axially to the shaft, the
ideal location is facing the shaft end, and
drilling and tapping the cover plate is
common. If this is not possible, or the
target area is insufficient (it must be
twice probe diameter), a shaft collar can
be utilised or added between the thrust
and shaft end bearing. This has the
advantage of being located closer to the
thrust bearing, and therefore reducing the
amount of measurement error due to
expansion and other shaft effects. Both
probe types are available in a straight or
disk format to suit either a direct or
collar mounting arrangement.
To commission the system, the probe is
adjusted against the shaft target at
known increments and the linearity of the
measurement system checked. Some
adjustment at the driver is possible if the
target is not ideal. With the set cold and
the shaft positioned with the thrust pads
against the bearing disk, the probe is set
against the target at a gap (typically midrange), which permits the full
measurement range required, including
the float. Once run up to rated speed and
load are achieved, minor adjustment may
be required to allow for mechanical
expansion. Positive and Negative going
alarm levels can then be set, and from
the point of commissioning, the thrust
pad wear monitored with time.
In addition to thrust, it is also usual to
monitor vibration, temperature and speed
on such plant.
Internet link
www.sensonics.co.uk
WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER • MARCH 2009
WIP
E225
33
RENTAL
Controlling rental units in harsh
environments
The end location of a gen-set is often not a perfect environment. Sets are expected to
operate in tough environmental conditions that require high performance and reliability,
despite their tough setting. Deep Sea Electronics provide electronic controllers for such
system, and discuss the issues involved.
T
he end location of a gen-set is often
not a perfect environment. Sets are
expected to operate in tough
environmental conditions that require
high performance and reliability, despite
their tough setting. While the mechanics
of the engine and alternator are generally
well understood, the gen-sets cannot
operate without a reliable control system.
Modern electronic controllers that are on
the market today offer sophisticated
functionality, but can they withstand the
continued presence of vibration and dust,
or other environmental challenges.
In a recent project for Bremat Holland
BV, Deep Sea Electronics (DSE) was the
chosen gen-set control module for its
fleet of mobile floor screed mixer and
pump units. The lorries are equipped with
a container unit (divided into sand and
cement compartments), a mixer,
compressor, pump and gen-set. The lorries
are loaded and arrive on site where the
sand and cement are automatically mixed
together with water, and then pumped
out. Operation of the equipment is
entirely reliant on power provided by an
on-board 19KVA diesel gen-set with a John
Deere engine, fitted with a DSECONTROL
34
series auto start
controller.
The high cost of putting
on of these floor screed
vehicles on the road is
offset by the efficiency
of the system, so for
Bremat, the choice of
gen-set controller had to
be made very carefully.
The lorries can travel
many miles to a site
location, and the implication of delays
caused by malfunctioning equipment can
be extremely costly as well as
inconvenient. Delays can result in major
building projects falling behind schedule
and incurring possible financial penalties.
High costs are associated with sending
engineers to site to rectify problems.
Downtime of the lorry itself creates
inefficiency. It is therefore essential for
Bremat to have the most reliable
on-board systems to protect against
unplanned breakdowns.
DSE systems are protected against
damage caused by the ingress of water
and dust which may be present as a result
of the normal screed mixing process. The
modules carry an IP rating of 65 (NEMA
12) when fitted with the gasket, which
shows the high level of protection
afforded by these units. In addition, they
meet stringent environmental standards
for vibration which, in this application,
comes from two different sources: normal
vibration associated with long and short
haul transportation (lorries are constantly
on the move), and vibration from the
close proximity of the controller to the
gen-set. In all of the above cases,
conditions are present on a regular and
long-term basis, so the manufacturing
process of the electronic controllers has
to be high quality to maintain
performance over the life-time of the
system. Other environmental protections
cover EMC, electrical safety, shock,
humidity and temperature, ensuring that
whatever the destination of the lorry, the
system will be fully protected from all
sources of potential interference.
As well as the reliability factor, Bremat
also requires a system that offers the
right combination of features
incorporating easy operator functionality
with sophisticated engine monitoring and
protection facilities.
Internet link
www.deepseaplc.com
MARCH 2009 • WORLDWIDE INDEPENDENT POWER
WIP
E226
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March 09:March 09.qxd 25/03/2009 08:42 Page 1
CLASSIFIED
DIRECTORY OF EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES
“Supplier of Engine Protection & Performance Design
Engineering Products”
?
Engine Air Pre-Cleaners
?
Spark Arrestors
?
VERT Approved Soot Filters
?
Partial Soot Filters
?
Catalytic Purifiers
?
Diesel Tank Decontaminators
?
Heat & Sound Insulation Products
?
Turbo Guard
Turbochargers UK
Spare parts, replacement
turbochargers, overhauls –
check, clean, balance and
reconditioning.
Hortonwood 37, Telford
TF1 7XT. Great Britain
Tel: + 44 1952 607200 (24hr)
Fax: + 44 1952 677179
Email: turbo@gb.abb.com
Web: www.abb.com/turbocharging
World Wide Delivery
Agriemach Ltd, Wayfarers, Old Domewood, Copthorne,
West Sussex, RH10 3HD
Tel: (01342) 713743 Fax: (01342) 719181
e-mail: info@agriemach.com
www.agriemach.com
APROVIS
Energy Systems GmbH
Your CHP partner for :
BRADGATE CONTAINERS LTD,
Leicester Road, Shepshed, Longborough,
Leicestershire LE12 9EG, UK.
Tel +44 (0)1509 508678
Fax +44 (0)1509 503224
E-mail: sales@bradgate.co.uk
www.bradgate.co.uk
• Exhaust Gas Heat Exchanger
• Heat Recovery Steam Generator
APROVIS Energy
Systems GmbH
D-91746 Weidenbach
Contact: Malcolm Cropley/ James Bexon
Designers and manufacturers of
containerised and noise control equipment,
also offshore fire rated modules with AOH120 certification, installation service for
our equipment is available.
Tel. +49 9826 6559 - 0
Fax: +49 9826 6559 - 19
e-mail:
info@aprovis -gmbh.de
www.aprovis -gmbh.de
Manufacturer of Gasoline,
Diesel and Natural Gas/ LPG
Generating Sets
2.2 to 3000 kVA
Aksa International (UK) Ltd.
Unit 6, Pine Court
Walker Road
Bardon Hill
Coalville Leicestershire
LE67 I52 UK
Tel: + 44 1530 837 472
Fax: + 44 1530 519 577
E-mail: sales@aksa-uk.com
www.aksa.com.tr
Broadcrown Group
Head Office – Airfield Industrial Estate,
Hixon, Stafford,
Staffs. ST18 OPF, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1889 272200
Fax: +44 (0)1889 272220
www.broadcrown.com
E-mail: info@broadcrown.co.uk
Contacts Sales Departments:
UK Sales
Export Sales
Spares and Service
Design, manufacture, installation,
commissioning of standard or bespoke
diesel and gas powered gen-sets for power
range 10 kVA – 5000 kVA.
Also full service and maintenance.
Cranfield
UNIVERSITY
Manufacturersofbespokeandstandard
Diesel/gasgeneratorcontrolpanels
Lowvoltageswitchboards
PLCcontrol&monitoringsystems
Control&PowerSystemsLtd
3DBurnistonIndustrialEstate
ScarboroughEnglandYO130HG
Tel:+44(0)1723871112Fax:+44(0)1723870625
www.controlandpower.co.uk
Covrad Heat Transfer Ltd
Sir Henry Parkes Road
Canley, West Midlands
Coventry, CV5 6BN
UK
Tel: +44(0)2476 675 544
Fax: +44(0) 2476 676 029
e-mail: sales@covrad.co.uk
www.covrad.co.uk
SPECIALISED COURSES IN
GAS TURBINE TECHNOLOGY
FOR ENGINEERS IN THE
POWER INDUSTRY
For information please contact:
Mrs Claire Bellis
School of Engineering
Cranfield University
Tel: +44(0) 1234 754683
Fax: +44(0) 1234 751566
E-mail: c.bellis@cranfield.ac.uk
james
DRIN G
power plant limited
Second Avenue, Centrum 100
Burton-on-Trent
Staffs DE14 2WF
• Builders of bespoke generator systems up to
3,000kVA, single or multiple units.
• Control and Distribution Panels.
• Power Packs and Welding Sets.
• Frequency Changers and Load Banks.
• Commissioning and Full Service/Maintenance.
Manufacturers of
Load banks for sale or hire
AC/DC Resistive/Reactive
2kVa–6000kVa
Contact
Mr J. Martindale or Mr D. Walker
Contact: David Gould – Sales Director
Tel: 01283 531645
Fax: 01283 510103
E-mail: sales@crestchic.co.uk
Website: www.crestchic.co.uk
Tel: +44 (0)115 9440072 Fax: +44 (0)115 9440235
email: james.dring@talk21.com
website: www.jamesdring.co.uk
James Dring Power Plant Ltd,
8 Eagle Road, Quarry Hill Industrial Park,
Ilkeston, Derbyshire DE7 4RB, UK
THE ULTIMATE IN ACOUSTIC FOAM
Foam Techniques Ltd, manufacturer and
specialist in producing acoustic and thermal
insulation foam products. A comprehensive range
of insulation materials offer a solution to almost
any problem, specification and budget. As a
market leader, we export our sound insulation
products and services globally to the Gen-Set
and Acoustic Enclosure Markets
Europe’s leading energy
equipment and service
suppliers
Specialists in: Coal Mine
Methane, Combined Heat
& Power, Landfill Gas,
Sewage Gas, Bio Gas.
T: +44 (0) 161 432 8833
www.edinauk.com
For further information, samples, specs, brochure
and pricing, please call Neil Blythe quoting WIP
Office: 01933 400096 Mobile: 07801 469997
Email: nblythe@foamtechniques.co.uk
ISO 9001
Foam Techniques Ltd, 39 Booth Drive, Park Farm South,
Wellingborough, Northants NN8 6GR UK
Tel: 01933 400096 Fax: 01933 400095
www.foamtechniques.co.uk
Tel: +44 (0)1926 466700
Fax: +44 (0)1926 450473
sales@fozmula.com
www.fozmula.com
specialists in all areas of
liquid level controls
control : gauge : monitor
sense : switch
fuel, oil and coolant tanks
Load banks for Sale or Hire
GRUPOS
ELECTRÓGENOS
GENERATOR SETS
Call: +44 (0)1780 480033
Tel.: +34 976 107 332
export@gesan.com
www.gesan.com
AC ratings: 10kW to 1000kW
with new controllers for parallel connection & control
6WRS6PRNLQJ
$IESEL0ARTICULATE&ILTERS
4EL
&AX
7EBWWWGENCATCOUK
EMAILINFO GENCATCOUK
*HQ&DW
0URIFIERSFORDIESELPOWEREDPLANT
Langenthal - Switzerland
Tel: +41 (0)62 916 50 30
Fax: +41 (0)62 916 50 35
sales@huegli-tech.com
DC range from 12V to 650V
available with low cost stock units,
and microprocessor PC data logging
GAC Electronic Governors
UK hire from regional depots
Gen-set Automation
Contact Paul Smethurst or visit on line for full
data sheets & product details
Tel +44 (0)161 763 3100
Fax +44 (0) 161 763 3158
www.hillstone.co.uk sales@hillstone.co.uk
Engine Starters
Gasengine Controls
www.huegli-tech.com
March 09:March 09.qxd 25/03/2009 08:43 Page 2
CLASSIFIED
! "
#
$
%
& ! '
( )
*
#
ide Systems manufacture an extensive range
of industry dedicated electrical distribution
equipment from portable power clusters
through 3200A automatic changeover panels.
With over 50 years combined experience in
electrical engineering, our qualified engineers
have a high level of technical knowledge to
find solutions for your electrical distribution
requirements
ide Systems Ltd
Unit 6 Swaffield Park, Hyssop Close,
Cannock, Staffs WS11 7FU
T: 01543 574111 F: 01543 571444
www.idesystems.co.uk
$ ( (
*+ , -.-
%+ %/0#11
10#11
MECC ALTE S.p.A.
INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS PARTNER
Via Roma,
20-36051 Creazzo, Vicenza, Italy
Tel: +39 0444 396111
Fax: +39 0444 396166
E-mail: mecc-alte-spa@meccalte.it
Website HTTP://www.meccalte.com
Contact: Mr Lino Pravato
Leading independent manufacturer of AC
Alternators from 1kva to 1560kva, 2 & 4
Pole, 50 & 60Hz. Welders from 150Amp to
500Amp AC & DC
Design, manufacture, service & distribution
of standard & bespoke AC alternators to the
World!
DIRECTORY OF EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES
INDUSTRIAL & MARINE SILENCERS LTD
Charnwood Edge, Syston Road, Cossington,
Leics. LE7 4UZ, UK.
Tel: +44(0)116 260 4985
Fax: +44(0)116 260 5151
E-mail: sales@silencers.co.uk
Website: www.silencers.co.uk
Contact: Dan Gallacher, Phil Wroe.
Design and manufacture of industrial exhaust gas
silencers, combined catalytic silencers and heat
recovery silencers for diesel and gas turbines up to
10MW. Specialist supplier of wet and dry silencers
and combined silencer/spark arrestors for the
marine industry. Product range includes oval and
boxed type variations for difficult installations,
expansion bellows and rain caps. Supplier of vent,
purge, blow down silencers for air, gas or steam.
POWER MODULES
Enginuity
Portable
Grid
Enginuity Portable Grid, Inc.
3511 Silverside Road Ɣ Suite 105
Wilmington , DE 19180, USA
1.301.691.4900 Ɣ 1.800.410.3610
PANOTO is a major designer and producer of
radiators to the world generating set market. We
have developed a reputation as an innovative
supplier of a wide range of Heat Transfer solutions.
No request is too big or too small for us.
ISO 9001 : 2000 EN 9001 : 2000
www.EPGinc.us Ɣ info@EPGinc.us
Generating
Silence
iso containers, acoustic &
weatherproof enclosures,
CHP and
plant room equipment
Powerplus Engineering
RASA Radyator Sanayi A.S
Beylikduzu, Akcaburgaz Mevkii, San.
Bir 4. Bolge 11. Cad. No. 23
Buyukcekmece, Istanbul – Turkey
Tel. +90 212 886 85 81 (pbx)
Fax. +90 212 886 80 78
E-mail : eyerlikaya@rasa.com.tr
School Road, Langham
Colchester, Essex CO4 5PB
T: +44 (0)1206 271266
F: +44 (0)1206 271208
enquiries@powerpluseng.co.uk
www.powerpluseng.co.uk
Contact person : Ms. Ebru Yerlikaya
RASA designs, manufactures and supplies
cooling radiators for water, air and oil in
various shapes and sizes to meet the
specifications of the gen-set industry. Under
certification of
ISO 9001: 2000
ENGINE STARTING
ENGINE CONTROL
ENGINE HEATING
ENGINE SILENCING
ENGINE FILTRATION
SINGLE SOURCING
T: +44 (0) 121 511 0400
www.ipu.co.uk
INTERPOWER INTERNATIONAL
LTD
PO Box 70,
Pickering,
England YO18 7XU
Tel: +44 (0) 1751 474034
Fax: +44 (0) 1751 476103
Email: intpower@aol.com
Website: www.interpower.co.uk
Manufacturers of diesel and gas
generator sets, containerised sets,
chp systems, marine sets and
bespoke systems
MHI Equipment Europe B.V.
PO Box 30101,1303 AC Almere
Netherlands.
Tel: +31-36-5388311
Fax: +31-36-5388342
Web: www.mhimee.nl
European sales and service subsidiary
of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd,
Japan.
Contact: G. G. de Wit
Mitsubishi diesel engines from 3.5 to
approx 3677kW and S.I. gas engines
from 245 to 2100kW.
ƔNew CQ 2000 KW EPA-TIER II compliant
ƔEnvironmental compliance in a world
class U.S.A. built product
ƔCummins engine based
ƔUtility class and “comfortably-quiet”
PANOTO Radyatör Makine San. Ve Tic. A.S.
Bakır ve Pirinç Sanayicileri Sitesi
Mustafa Kurdoglu Cad. No:18 34910
Büyükçekmece – Istanbul / Turkey
Tel: +90 212 8750990
Fax: +90 212 8753223
e-mail: info@panoto.com.tr
web: www.panoto.com.tr
The single source for diesel & gas engine products
Power
Electrics
GENERATOR SOLUTIONS
RENTAL • SALES
SERVICE • PARTS
Precision Controls Ltd
Distributors for:
NATIONAL DEPOT NETWORK
• Bristol • London
• Cambridge • Stoke • South Wales
Tel: 0870 850 0858
www.powerelectrics.com
SELCO
is a pioneer
withinControl,
generator
• Advanced
Generator
control,
alarm and
Protection
and indicator
Monitoringpanels as
well• as
arc fault
detection
equipment.
Engine
Control
and Protection
• Alarm Monitoring and Processing
Our• solutions
are used in hazardous
Signal Indication
applications
onboard ships, at oil rigs,
• Arc Detection
at power stations, in windmills, etc.
Since the origin in 1960 SELCO
Since
the establishment
1984
we
technology
has providedinthe
Power
haveGeneration
continuously
expanded
market
with highour
class
activities
worldwide.
equipment
living up to international
standards and approved by the
Our products
have been approved and
major classification societies.
certified by the major marine
classification
societies and we are ISO
www.selco.com
9001 certified.
VOLSPEC
ENGINE GENERATOR
CONTROLS AIR &
HYRAULIC STARTERS
Installation, commissioning,
breakdown service, repair,
site survey, technical support
and training.
Contact:
Susan Campbell
Tel: +44 (0)161 476 4606
Fax: +44 (0)161 476 5639
sales@precisioncontrols.co.uk
www.precisioncontrols.co.uk
Watford Control
MARINE&INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS
• Generator Specialists
• Volvo Penta Sales & Service
Alternators 1 – 1600 Kva
Welders 130 – 400Amps
WOODROLFE ROAD
TOLLESBURY ESSEX
TEL: 01621 869756
FAX: 01621 868859
Soga Group UK Ltd
Tel: 01483 266676
Email: enquiries@sogagroup.co.uk
www.sogagroup.com
www.volspec.co.uk
email: sales@volspec.co.uk
WB Power Services Ltd
Sales, Design, Installation, Commissioning
of standard or bespoke Diesel Generators 5- 3300kVA
Service, Hire, Load/Power Monitoring
Projects Management
Manners Industrial Estate, Ilkeston, Derby DE7 8EF
Tel: 0115 944 4422 E-Mail: sales@wbpsltd.co.uk
Web: www.wbpsltd.co.uk
Designers and Manufacturers
of A.C. Voltage Stabilisers
and Power Conditioners
For Further Information contact
www.watfordcontrol.com
E-mail: sales@watfordcontrol.co.uk
SDMO Authorised Gold Dealer
Tel: +44(0)1536 401345
Fax:+44(0)1536 401164
Innovative access hardware for
canopies & large enclosures
Flush-fit latches, locks, grab handles,
hinges, fuel caps & plant-on container
hardware.
Full catalogue on web-site
www.wbh.co.uk
Weston Body Hardware Limited,
P.O. Box 309, Redditch B98 7SN
Tel: 01527 516060 Fax: 01527 526060
E-mail: lockmaster@wbh.co.uk
GLOBAL
u
n
ADR APPROVED DOUBLE SKIN DIESEL
TRANSPORT IBC’S: 959-3000 LITRES
T +44 (0)1454 227 277
F +44 (0)1454 227 549
P.O. Box 546, 1970 AM IJmuiden
The Netherlands
T +31 255 530304 F +31 255 521587
E-mail info@zwartijmuiden.nl
www.zwarttechniek.com
March 09:March 09.qxd 25/03/2009 08:43 Page 3
ENGINE
MANUFACTURERS
GUIDE
Edina
Unit 13 Rugby Park
Bletchley Road
Stockport SK4 3EF
T +44 (0) 161 432 8833
F +44 (0) 161 975 1499
sales@edinauk.com
www.edinauk.com
Sole distributor of Deutz Power Systems
in the UK and Ireland.
Electrical Electrical
Model
Fuel Output Efficiency
TCG2015 V6
g 171 (kW) 35.3%
TCG2015 V8
g 230 (kW) 35.4%
TCG2016 V8 K g 337 (kW) 36.9%
TCG2016 V12 K g 508 (kW) 37.7%
TCG2016 V16 K g 678 (kW) 37.8%
TCG2016 V12 g 580 (kW) 40.8%
TCG2016 V16 g 774 (kW) 41.1%
TCG2020 V12 K g 1021 (kW) 40.1%
TCG2020 V16 K g 1364 (kW) 40.2%
TCG2020 V12 g 1169 (kW) 43.0%
TCG2020 V16 g 1558 (kW) 42.5%
TCG2020 V20 g 2014 (kW) 42.8%
TCG2032 V12 g 2934 (kW) 41.9%
TCG2032 V16 g 3916 (kW) 41.9%
All engines are available for both
Natural Gas and Bio Gas.
GE Energy
Jenbacher gas engines Headquarters
A-6200 Jenbach (Austria)
T +43 5244 600-0
F +43 5244 600-527
jenbacher.info@ge.com
www.gejenbacher.com
Manufacturer of gas driven generator
sets and cogeneration systems in a
power range from 0.25 to 3 MW.
Model
Fuel rpm
Pel
Pth
JMS 208 GS g 1,500
330
358
JMS 208 GS g 1,800
335
406
JMS 312 GS g 1,500
625
731
JMS 312 GS g 1,800
633
808
JMS 316 GS g 1,500
834
988
JMS 316 GS g 1,800
848 1,079
JMS 320 GS g 1,500 1,063 1,190
JMS 320 GS g 1,800 1,060 1,313
JMS 412 GS g 1,500
844
892
JMS 416 GS g 1,500 1,131 1,194
JMS 420 GS g 1,500 1,415 1,492
JMS 612 GS g 1,500 1,820 1,792
JMS 616 GS g 1,500 2,433 2,399
JMS 620 GS g 1,500 3,041 3,020
Ratings natural gas standard, NOx ≤ 500
mg/m3N. Dry exhaust gas; based on 5%
O2. For engines with 1,200 rpm please
contact GE Energy’s Jenbacher product
team.
TAD1242GE
TAD1640GE
TAD1641GE
TAD1642GE
352
393
433
485
409
462
509
570
http://www.man-mn.com
Contact: Dr. Ing. Marko Dekena, sales
manager
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG, Business Unit
Engines develops
and manufactures high speed diesel
engines for gensets with ratings 225 up
to 798 kW and gas engines for
cogeneration with ratings 54-420 kW.
MAN Diesel Engines for Gensets
PRP Prime Power
Model
rpm
kWm
D0836 LE201
d 1500 225
D2866 LE201
d 1500 280
D2876 LE201
d 1500 355
D2848 LE211
d 1500 405
D2840 LE201
d 1500 451
D2840 LE211
d 1500 495
D2842 LE201
d 1500 543
D2842 LE211
d 1500 590
D0836 LE201
d 1800 252
D2866 LE201
d 1800 322
D2876 LE201
d 1800 405
D2848 LE211
d 1800 460
D2840 LE201
d 1800 515
D2840 LE211
d 1800 565
D2842 LE201
d 1800 620
D2842 LE211
d 1800 695
LTP Limited Time Running Power
Model
rpm kWm
D0836 LE203
d 1500 248
D2866 LE203
d 1500 360
D2876 LE203
d 1500 451
D2848 LE213
d 1500 495
D2840 LE203
d 1500 545
D2840 LE213
d 1500 610
D2842 LE203
d 1500 633
D2842 LE213
d 1500 702
D0836 LE203
d 1800 277
D2866 LE203
d 1800 400
D2876 LE203
d 1800 507
D2848 LE213
d 1800 539
D2840 LE203
d 1800 585
D2840 LE213
d 1800 660
D2842 LE203
d 1800 718
D2842 LE213
d 1800 798
kWe
200
249
318
362
409
452
502
543
219
285
357
407
462
498
566
633
kWe
220
325
410
450
500
560
580
650
240
360
450
480
530
600
660
735
MAN Gas Engines for Cogeneration Plants
Model
rpm kWm
E0834 E302
g 1500 54
E0836 E302
g 1500 75
E0836 LE202
g 1500 110
E2876 E312
g 1500 150
E2876 TE302
g 1500 150
E2876 LE302
g 1500 210
E2842 E312
g 1500 250
E2842 LE312
g 1500 400
E0834 E302
g 1800 62
E0836 E302
g 1800 85
E0836 LE202
g 1800 110
E2876 E312
g 1800 170
E2876 TE302
g 1800 150
E2876 LE302
g 1800 210
E2842 E312
g 1800 280
E2842 LE312
g 1800 420
MAN Nutzfahrzeug AG
MHI EQUIPMENT EUROPE BV
Business Unit Engines
Dept. MVL, PO Box 44 02 58
D-90207 Nuernberg, Germany
Tel: +49-911-420-1745
Fax: +49-911-420-1932
E-mail:
engines.components@de.man-mn.com
P.O. Box 30101,1303 AC Almere,
Netherlands.
Tel: + 31-36-5388311
Fax: + 31-36-5388342
www.mhimee.nl
European sales and service
subsidiary of Mitsubishi Heavy
Industries Ltd. Japan.
Contact: G. G. de Wit
Mitsubishi diesel engines from 3.5
to approx 3677 kW and S.I. gas
engines from 245 to 2100 kW.
L2E
L3E
S3L
S3L2
S4L
S4L2
S4Q
S4Q2
S4S
S4S-DT
S6S
S6S-DT
S4K-D
S4K-DT
S6K-D
S6K-DT
6D16
6D16T
6D24
6D24T
6D24TC
S6B-PTA
S6B-PTK
S6B3-PTA
S6B3-PTK
S6A3-PTA
S6A3-PTK
S6R-PTA
S6R-PTK
S6R2-PTA
S6R2-PTK
S12A2-PTA
S12A2-PTK
S12H-PTA
S12H-PTK
S12R-PTA
S12R-PTK
S12R2-PTA
S12R2-PTK
S16R-PTA
S16R-PTK
S16R2-PTA
S16R2-PTK
S6U-PTA
S6U-PTK
S6U2-PTA
S6U2-PTK
S8U-PTA
S8U-PTK
S12U-PTA
S12U-PTK
S16U-PTA
S16U-PTK
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
GS6A3-PTK
GS12A2-PTK
GS6R-PTK
GS12R-PTK
GS16R-PTK
GS6U-PTK
GS8U-PTK
GS12U-PTK
GS16U-PTK
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Stand-by Prime
kWm power
kWm
3000
9.6
8.2
3000 14.7 12.6
3000 18.8 16.3
3000 20.6 17.7
3000
25 22.1
3000 27.6 24.1
3000 36.8 33.5
3000 39.7
36
1500 30.9
28
1500 40.5 36.8
1500 45.6 41.2
1500 59.6 54.1
1500
46
42
1500
59
54
1500
69
63
1500
88
80
1500
71
65
1500
117
106
1500
125
114
1500
185
168
1500
204
185
1500
261
235
1500
283
257
1500
370
335
1500
390
355
1500
440
400
1500
475
430
1500
570
515
1500
600
545
1500
655
595
1500
705
640
1500
746
679
1500
783
709
1500 1020
930
1500 1080
980
1500 1220 1110
1500 1230 1120
1500 1315 1195
1500 1350 1230
1500 1620 1480
1500 1650 1500
1500 1790 1630
1500 1945 1765
1000 1259 1143
1000 1351 1220
1000 1395 1268
1000 1485 1350
1000 1678 1524
1000 1802 1627
1000 2518 2286
1000 2703 2440
1000 3357 3048
1000 3604 3254
continuous
output kWm
1500
243
1500
441
1500
338
1500
676
1500
900
1000
790
1000
1051
1000
1581
1000
2103
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH
88040 Friedrichshafen
Germany
Phone +49 7541 90-7006
Fax +49 7541 90-7084
powergenregion1@mtu-online.com
www.mtu-online.com
12V 2000 G23 (U) d
12V 2000 G63 (U) d
16V 2000 G23 (U) d
16V 2000 G63 (U) d
18V 2000 G63 (U) d
8V 4000 G61
d
12V 4000 G21
d
12V 4000 G61
d
16V 4000 G21
d
16V 4000 G61
d
20V 4000 G22
d
MTU Detroit Diesel Inc.
13400 Outer Drive West
Detroit, Michigan 48239
USA
Phone +1 313 592 57 08
Fax +1 313 592 51 58
powergenregion3@mtu-online.com
www.mtudetroitdiesel.com
Fuel rpm Hz kWm kWe
Diesel engines
50 Hz"
Series 60
d 1500 50 280
Series 60
d 1500 50 298
8V 2000 G
d 1500 50 303
8V 2000 G
d 1500 50 336
12V 2000 G23 d 1500 50 452
12V 2000 G63 d 1500 50 515
16V 2000 G63 d 1500 50 655
18V 2000 G63 d 1500 50 720
12V 2000 G63 (U) d 1500 50 515
16V 2000 G63 (U) d 1500 50 655
18V 2000 G63 (U) d 1500 50 720
8V 4000 G61
d 1500 50 735
12V 4000 G61 d 1500 50 1095
16V 4000 G61 d 1500 50 1450
20V 4000 G62 d 1500 50 2000
8V 4000 G61 (U) d 1500 50 735
12V 4000 G61 (U) d 1500 50 1095
16V 4000 G61 (U) d 1500 50 1450
20V 4000 G62 (U) d 1500 50 2000
12V 4000 P61 d 1500 50 1140
16V 4000 P61 d 1500 50 1520
Diesel engines
60 Hz"
Series 60
d 1800 60 280
Series 60
d 1800 60 354
8V 2000 G
d 1800 60 370
12V 2000 G43 d 1800 60 561
12V 2000 G83 d 1800 60 625
16V 2000 G43 d 1800 60 743
16V 2000 G83 d 1800 60 835
18V 2000 G83 d 1800 60 900
8V 4000 G81
d 1800 60 750
12V 4000 G41 d 1800 60 1020
12V 4000 G81 d 1800 60 1120
16V 4000 G41 d 1800 60 1360
16V 4000 G81 d 1800 60 1495
20V 4000 G82 d 1800 60 2060
12V 4000 P81 d 1800 60 1380
16V 4000 P81 d 1800 60 1840
1200 rpm / 60 Hz
12V 4000 G71 d 1200 60 870
16V 4000 G71 d 1200 60 1140
Gas engines natural gas
50 Hz"
12V 2000 L60 1) g 1500 50 450
12V 2000 L60 2) g 1500 50 480
16V 2000 L60 1) g 1500 50 600
16V 2000 L60 2) g 1500 50 640
18V 2000 L60 1) g 1500 50 675
18V 2000 L60 2) g 1500 50 720
12V 4000 L61 2) g 1500 50 1200
16V 4000 L61 2) g 1500 50 1600
NOx emission < 250mg/m3
NOx emission < 500mg/m3"
Series 60
Series 60
Series 60
Series 60
Series 60
8V 2000 G
8V 2000 G
8V 2000 G
12V 2000 G23
12V 2000 G63
16V 2000 G23
16V 2000 G63
18V 2000 G63
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
272
313
321
362
411
330
365
409
565
625
720
805
895
260
275
285
315
430
490
620
685
485
615
675
700
1040
1380
1900
700
1040
1380
1900
1085
1445
224
285
295
450
500
595
670
720
600
815
895
1090
1195
1650
1105
1470
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
565
625
720
805
895
895
1205
1330
1600
1760
2200
530
590
675
755
840
850
1145
1265
1520
1670
2090
SCANIA INDUSTRIAL
& MARINE ENGINES
SE-151 87 Södertälje, Sweden.
Tel: +46 8553 81000
Fax: +46 8553 82993
E-mail: industrial.marine@scania.com
www.scania.com
U.K. contact: Ian Cooper,
Scania Great Britain
Tel: +44 (0)1908 329385
Fax: +44 (0)1908 329483
E-mail: ian.cooper@scania.com
Diesel engines for power generation.
Prime Power 250 to 550 kVA
Stand by Power 250 to 600 kVA
Range for Prime Power
(50 Hz)
DC9 65A
d
1500
DC9 65A
d
1500
DC9 65A
d
1500
DC12 59A
d
1500
DC12 59A
d
1500
DC12 59A
d
1500
DC16 45A
d
1500
DC16 45A
d
1500
DC16 44A
d
1500
kWm
225
247
266
313
356
399
400
439
481
kVA
250
275
300
350
400
450
450
500
550
Engines are also available for 1800
rpm for 60hz
Markets to cover Prime Power 250 to
600 kVA
GAS NE
TURBIDI E
GU
695
910
425
450
565
600
635
675
1130
1505
250
290
295
335
380
310
345
385
530
590
675
755
840
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH
88040 Friedrichshafen
Germany
Phone +49 7541 90-7006
Fax +49 7541 90-7084
powergenregion1@mtu-online.com
www.mtu-online.com
MTU Detroit Diesel Inc.
13400 Outer Drive West
Detroit, Michigan 48239
USA
Phone +1 313 592 57 08
Fax +1 313 592 51 58
powergenregion3@mtu-online.com
www.mtudetroitdiesel.com
Gasturbines
Fuel rpm Hz kWm kWe
LM 2500
d/g 3600 50
22500
LM 2500 STIG d/g 3600 50
27000
LM 2500 +
d/g 3600 50
31200
India Ad altered.qxd:India Ad altered.qxd
6/1/09
14:38
Page 1
Sales Agents:
Invitation to Participate...
For Further Details, please contact:
Neb Saric or Richard Teasdale at Global Media Publishing Limited
Global House, 13 Market Square, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 1EU, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1403 220750 Fax: +44 (0) 1403 220764
E-mail: power@gmp.uk.com
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