IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 11 | May 2016
ISSN (online): 2349-784X
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and
Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter
Fed BLDC Motor Drive
T. Sridevi
Assistant Professor
Sri Sairam Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu
Abstract
This paper deals with a power factor improvement using PFC-based Cuk converter-for speed control of brushless dc motor (BLDC)
drive as a cost-effective solution for low-power applications. The speed of the BLDC motor is controlled by varying the dc-bus
voltage of a voltage source inverter (VSI) which uses a low frequency switching of VSI (electronic commutation of the BLDC
motor) for low switching losses. A diode bridge rectifier followed by a Cuk converter working in a discontinuous conduction mode
(DCM) is used for control of dc-link voltage with unity power factor at ac mains using fuzzy controller. The performance of the
BLDC motor is simulated in a MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Keywords: Brushless dc (BLDC) motor, Cuk Converter, Total Harmonic Distortion, Power Factor improvement, Pulse
Width Modulation (PWM), Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM), Fuzzy controller
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.
INTRODUCTION
Efficiency and cost would be the major concerns in the development of low-power motor drives targeting household applications
such as for example fans, water pumps, blowers, mixers, etc. The utilization of the brushless direct current (BLDC) motor in these
applications is becoming very common due to options that come with high efficiency, high flux density per unit volume, low
maintenance requirements, and low electromagnetic-interference problems. These BLDC motors are not limited to household
applications, but they're ideal for other applications such as for example medical equipment, transportation, HVAC, motion control,
and many industrial tools. A BLDC motor has three phase windings on the stator and permanent magnets on the rotor. The BLDC
motor can be referred to as an electronically commutated motor because an electronic commutation based on rotor position can be
used rather than mechanical commutation which includes disadvantages like sparking and wear and tear of brushes and commutator
assembly.
Power quality problems have become important issues to be looked at due to the recommended limits of harmonics in supply
current by various international power quality standards like the International Electro Technical Commission (IEC) 61000-3-2.
For class-A equipment (< 600 W, 16 A per phase) which include household equipment, IEC 61000-3-2restricts the harmonic
current of different order such that the full total harmonic distortion (THD) of the supply current must be below 19%. A BLDC
motor when fed by way of a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) with a higher value of dc link capacitor draws peaky current which can
cause a THD of supply current of the order of 65% and power factor as little as 0.8. Hence, a DBR followed by way of a power
factor corrected (PFC) Cuk converter is utilized for improving the power quality at ac mains. The continuous conduction mode
(CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) are the 2 modes of operation by which a PFC converter is designed to operate.
In CCM, the present in the inductor or the voltage over the intermediate capacitor remains continuous, but it needs the sensing of
two voltages (dc link voltage and supply voltage) and input side current for PFC operation, that is not cost-effective. On another
hand, DCM requires someone voltage sensor for dc link voltage control and inherent PFC is achieved at the ac mains, but at the
cost of higher stresses on the PFC converter switch; hence, DCM is preferred for low-power applications.
The conventional PFC scheme of the BLDC motor drive utilizes a pulse width-modulated voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI)
for speed control with a consistent dc link voltage. This offers higher switching losses in VSI while the switching losses increase
as a square function of switching frequency. While the speed of the BLDC motor is directly proportional to the applied dc link
voltage, hence, the speed control is accomplished by the variable dc link voltage of VSI. This enables the fundamental frequency
switching of VSI (i.e., electronic commutation) and offers reduced switching losses. So, here Cuk converter-fed BLDC motor drive
has been proposed with the idea of variable dc link voltage. This reduces the switching losses in VSI as a result of fundamental
switching frequency operation for the electronic commutation of the BLDC motor and to the variation of the speed by controlling
the voltage at the dc bus of VSI. A CCM operation of the Cuk converter has been utilized which requires three sensors and isn't
encouraged for cheap and low power rating. So here discontinuous conduction mode has been utilized.
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
1
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
II. BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR (BLDC)
Principle
BLDC motors are basically inside-out DC motors. In a DC motor the stator is a permanent magnet. The rotor has the windings,
which are excited with a current. The current in the rotor is reversed to create a rotating or moving electric field by means of a split
commutator and brushes. On the other hand, in a BLDC motor the windings are on the stator and the rotor is a permanent magnet.
Hence the term inside-out DC motor. Many motor types can be considered brushless; including stepper and AC-induction motors,
but the term brushless is given to a group of motors that act similarly to DC brush type motors without the limitations of a physical
commutator.
Fig. 2: Basic operation of BLDC motor
To build a brushless motor, the current-carrying coils must be taken off the rotating mechanism. In their place, the permanent
magnet will be allowed to rotate within the case. The current still needs to be switched based on rotary position. The torque
produced by the rotor varies trapezoidal with respect to the angle of the field. As the angle θ increases, the torque drops to an
unusable level.
Fig. 2.1: waveform of current and torque
Construction
Stator
The stator of a BLDC motor consists of stacked steel laminations with windings placed in the slots that are axially cut along the
inner periphery traditionally, the stator resembles that of an induction motor; however, the windings are distributed in a different
manner. Most BLDC motors have three stator windings connected in star fashion.
Fig. 2.2: BLDC motor stator
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
2
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
One or more coils are placed in the slots and they are interconnected to make a winding. Each of these windings is distributed
over the stator periphery to form an even numbers of poles. There are two types of stator windings variants: trapezoidal and
sinusoidal motors. This differentiation is made on the basis of the interconnection of coils in the stator windings to give the different
types of back Electromotive Force (EMF).
Rotor
Circular core with
magnets on the periphery
Circular core with rectangular
magnets embedded in rotor.
Circular core with rectangular magnets inserted into the rotor core.
Fig. 2.3: BLDC motor rotor
The rotor is made of permanent magnet and can vary from two to eight pole pairs with alternate North (N) and South (S) poles.
Based on the required magnetic field density in the rotor, the proper magnetic material is chosen to make the rotor. Ferrite magnets
are traditionally used to make permanent magnets. As the technology advances, rare earth alloy magnets are gaining popularity.
The ferrite magnets are less expensive but they have the disadvantage of low flux density for a given volume. In contrast, the alloy
material has high magnetic density per volume and enables the rotor to compress further for the same torque. Also, these allo y
magnets improve the size to-weight ratio and give higher torque for the same size motor using ferrite magnets.
III. CUK CONVERTER
Circuit Representation
Fig. 3: Cuk converter circuit representation
The Cuk converter is named for Slobodan Cuk of the California Institute of Technology. It is the result of applying the duality
principle to the buck-boost converter to use a capacitor instead of an inductor as the primary energy storage device. As a result,
the DC transfer function is nominally the same as that of the Buck-Boost converter,
Vo = DVs/ (1-D)
Where, D represents the PWM duty cycle of the transistor Q.
Vs represents the source voltage.
Vo represents the output voltage.
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
3
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
An advantage of the Cuk converter topology is that the current pulsing occurs within the converter itself and both the input and
output currents are not pulsed. Furthermore, if integrated magnetics are used, the input or output current can (theoretically) be
nullified as the ripple is transferred to the other side of the converter. Because only one capacitor suffers the losses associated with
(internal) current pulsing, the Cuk converter is more efficient than a filtered Buck-Boost converter.
Design of PFC Cuk Converter
The proposed PFC Cuk converter is designed bldc motor drive with main considerations on the speed control with PQ improvement
at ac mains. The dc link voltage of the PFC converter is given as Vdc = Vin D/(1 − D)
Where Vin is the average output of the DBR for a given ac input voltage (Vs) related as
Vin = 2√2Vs/π.
The Cuk converter uses a boost inductor (Li) and a capacitor (C1) for energy transfer. Their values are given as
Li =DVin/ {fs(ΔILi)}
C1 =DIdc/{fsΔVC1}
Where ΔILi is a specified inductor current ripple,
ΔVC1 is a specified voltage ripple in the intermediate capacitor (C1), and
Idc is the current drawn by the PMBLDCM from the dc link.
A ripple filter is designed for ripple-free voltage at the dc link of the Cuk converter. The inductance (Lo) of the ripple filter
restricts the inductor peak-to-peak ripple current (ΔILo) within a specified value for the given switching frequency (fs), whereas
the capacitance (Cd) is calculated for the allowed ripple in the dc link voltage (ΔVCd). The values of the ripple filter inductor and
capacitor are given as
Lo = (1 − D)Vdc/ {fs(ΔILo)}
Cd =Idc/(2ωΔVCd).
IV. CONTROL OF CUK CONVERTER FED BLDC MOTOR DRIVE
Fig.4 shows the PFC Cuk converter-based VSI-fed BLDC motor drive using a current multiplier and a voltage follower approach,
respectively. A high frequency metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is used in the Cuk converter for PFC
and voltage control whereas insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are used in the VSI for its low frequency operation.
The BLDC motor is commutated electronically to operate the IGBTs of VSI in fundamental frequency switching mode to reduce
its switching losses. The current flowing in either of the input or output inductor (Li and Lo) or the voltage across the intermediate
capacitor (C1) becomes discontinuous in a switching period for a PFC Cuk converter operating in the DCM.
Fig. 4: BLDC motor drive fed by a PFC Cuk converter
Operation of Cuk Converter in Discontinuous
Conduction Mode(DCM):
The DCM operation is further classified into two broad categories of a discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) and a
discontinuous capacitor voltage mode (DCVM).
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
4
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
In the DICM, the current flowing in inductor Li or Lo becomes discontinuous in their respective modes of operation While in
DCVM operation; the voltage appearing across the intermediate capacitor C1 becomes discontinuous in a switching period.
Discontinuous Inductor Current Mode (Li)(DICM)
The operation of the Cuk converter in the DICM (Li) is described as follows. Fig 4.2 shows the operation of the Cuk converter in
three different intervals of a switching period.
1) Interval I: When switch Sw in turned ON, inductor Li stores energy while capacitor C1 discharges through Switch Sw to
transfer its energy to the dc-link capacitor Cd as shown in Fig 4(a). Input inductor current i Li increases while the voltage
across the capacitor C1 decreases.
2) Interval II: When switch Sw is turned OFF, the energy stored in inductor Li is transferred to intermediate capacitor C1 via
diode D, till it is completely discharged to enter DCM operation.
3) Interval III: During this interval, no energy is left in input inductor Li ; hence, current i Li becomes zero. Moreover, inductor
Lo operates in continuous conduction to transfer its energy to dc-link capacitor Cd.
Fig 4.2. Operation of the Cuk converter in the DICM (Li)
Discontinuous Inductor Current Mode (Lo) Operation:
The operation of the Cuk converter in the DICM (Lo) is described as follows. Fig 4.3(a)–(c) shows the operation of the Cuk
converter in three different intervals of a switching period. Interval I: As shown in Fig 4.3(a), when switch Sw in turned ON, inductor
Li stores energy while capacitor C1 discharges through switch S w to transfer its energy to the dc-link capacitor Cd. Interval II:
When switch Sw is turned OFF, the energy stored in inductor Li and Lo is transferred to intermediate capacitor C1 and dc-link
capacitor Cd, respectively. Interval III: In this mode of operation, the output inductor Lo is completely discharged; hence, its
current iLo becomes zero. An inductor Li operates in continuous conduction to transfer its energy to the intermediate capacitor C1
via diode D.
Fig. 4.3: Operation of the Cuk converter in DICM (Lo) during (a)–(c) different intervals of switching period
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
5
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
DCVM (C1) Operation
The operation of the Cuk converter in the DCVM (C1) is described as follows. Fig 4.4(a)–(c) shows the operation of the Cuk
converter in three different intervals of a switching period.
1) Interval I: When switch Sw in turned ON as shown in Fig 4.4(a), inductor Li stores energy while capacitor C1 discharges
through switch Sw to transfer its energy to the dc-link capacitor Cd.
2) Interval II: The switch is in conduction state but intermediate capacitor C1 is completely discharged; hence, the voltage across
it becomes zero. Output inductor Lo continues to supply energy to the dc-link capacitor.
3) Interval III: As the switch Sw is turned OFF, input inductor Li starts charging the intermediate capacitor, while the output
inductor Lo continues to operate in continuous conduction and supplies energy to the dc-link capacitor.
Fig. 4.4: Operation of the Cuk converter in the DCVM (C1) during (a)–(c) different intervals of switching period
V. FUZZY CONTROLLER
Design of Fuzzy Controller
Fig. 5.1: fuzzy l.ogic controller
Design of Fuzzy Controller Error (E) and change in error (CE) are the inputs for the fuzzy controller whereas the output of the
controller is change in duty cycle (ΔDC). The error is defined as the difference between the ref speed and actual speed, the change
in error is defined as the difference between the present error and previous error and the output, change in duty cycle ΔDC is which
could be either positive or negative is added with the existing duty-cycle to determine the new duty-cycle (DCnew) Fig. 5.1 shows
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
6
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
the basic structure of fuzzy logic controller. The fuzzy controller is composed of the following four elements: fuzzification, fuzzy
rule-base, fuzzy inference engine and defuzzification.
Fuzzification
Fuzzy logic uses linguistic variables instead of numerical variables. The process of converting a numerical variable in to a linguistic
variable is called fuzzification.
The fuzzifier includes two parts: choice of membership function and choice of scaling factor. The fuzzy variables error, change
in error and change in duty-cycle are quantized using the linguistic terms NB, NM, NS, Z, PS, PM, and PB (negative big, negative
medium, negative small, zero, positive small, positive medium and positive big respectively)..
Fig. 5.2: membership functions
The motor maximum range of speed is 0-3000 rpm. The possible range of error is -3000 to +3000 rpm. The universe of discourse
for error is -3000 rpm to +3000 rpm and for the change in duty cycle, defined as - 100 % and +100 %. In order to achieve faster
control action and simplification, the inputs and output are normalized to +/-100 rpm, +/-100 rpm and +/-100 respectively. The
membership functions used for inputs and output are given in figure 5.2
Fuzzy Logic Uses
Fuzzy logic uses FL offers several unique features that make it a particularly good choice for many control problems.
1) It is inherently robust since it does not require precise, noise-free inputs and can be programmed to fail safely if a feedback
sensor quits or is destroyed. The output control is a smooth control function despite a wide range of input variations.
2) Since the FL controller processes user-defined rules governing the target control system, it can be modified and tweaked easily
to improve or drastically alter system performance. New sensors can easily be incorporated into the system simply by
generating appropriate governing rules.
3) FL is not limited to a few feedback inputs and one or two control outputs, nor is it necessary to measure or compute rate-ofchange parameters in order for it to be implemented. Any sensor data that provides some indication of a system's actions and
reactions is sufficient. This allows the sensors to be inexpensive and imprecise thus keeping the overall system cost and
complexity low.
4) Because of the rule-based operation, any reasonable number of inputs can be processed and numerous outputs generated.
5) FL can control nonlinear systems that would be difficult or impossible to model mathematically.
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
7
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
VI. SIMULATION
Circuit Diagram
Fig. 6.1: simulation diagram
Power Factor
Fig. 6.2: power factor measurement
Input Voltage & Current
Fig. 3: Input voltage & current of PFC Cuk Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive.
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
8
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
Gate Pulse
Fig. 6.4: Gate pulse of PFC Cuk Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive.
Phase Voltages
Fig. 6.5: The Phase voltages of PFC Cuk Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive.
Vs, Is, Speed, Torque, Stator Current
Fig. 6.6: Vs, Is, speed, torque, stator current of PFC Cuk Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive.
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
9
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
Line Voltages
Fig. 6.7: line voltages of PFC Cuk Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive.
Stator Currents
Fig. 8: stator currents of PFC Cuk Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive.
DC Link Voltage
Fig. 6.9: DC link voltage of PFC Cuk Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive.
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
10
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
Motor Output
Fig. 6.10: motor output of PFC Cuk Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive.
VII. FFT ANALYSIS OF PFC CUK CONVERTER IN SIMULINK
Fig. 7: FFT analysis
VIII. CONCLUSION
A Cuk converter for VSI-fed BLDC motor drive has been designed for achieving a unity PF at ac mains for the development of
the low-cost PFC motor for numerous low-power equipments such fans, blowers, water pumps, etc. The speed of the BLDC motor
drive has been controlled by varying the dc-link voltage of VSI, which allows the VSI to operate in the fundamental frequency
switching mode for reduced switching losses. Four different modes of the Cuk converter operating in the CCM and DCM have
been explored for the development of the BLDC motor drive with unity PF at ac mains. A detailed comparison of all modes of
operation has been presented on the basis of feasibility in design and the cost constraint in the development of such drive for lowpower applications. Finally, a best suited mode of the Cuk converter with output inductor current operating in the DICM has been
selected for experimental verifications. The proposed drive system has shown satisfactory results in all aspects and is a
recommended solution for low-power BLDC motor drives.
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
11
Fuzzy based Power Factor Improvement and Harmonic Reduction with PFC- CUK Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 001)
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
J. F. Gieras and M.Wing, Permanent Magnet Motor Technology—Design and Application. New York, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker, Inc, 2002.
C. L. Xia, Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Drives and Controls. Beijing, China: Wiley, 2012.
Y. Chen, C. Chiu, Y. Jhang, Z. Tang, and R. Liang, “A driver for the single phase brushles DCfanmotor with hybrid winding structure,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 4369–4375, Oct. 2013.
S. Nikam, V. Rallabandi, and B. Fernandes, “A high torque density permanent magnet free motor for in-wheel electric vehicle application,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Appl., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 2287–2295, Nov./Dec. 2012.
X. Huang, A. Goodman, C. Gerada, Y. Fang, and Q. Lu, “A single sided matrix converter drive for a brushlessDCmotor in aerospace applications,” IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3542–3552, Sep. 2012.
W. Cui, Y. Gong, and M. H. Xu, “A permanent magnet brushless DC motor with bifilar winding for automotive engine cooling application,” IEEE Trans.
Magn., vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 3348–3351, Nov. 2012.
C. C. Hwang, P. L. Li, C. T. Liu, and C. Chen, “Design and analysis of a brushless DC motor for applications in robotics,” IET Elect. Power Appl., vol. 6,
no. 7, pp. 385–389, Aug. 2012.
T. K. A. Brekken, H. M. Hapke, C. Stillinger, and J. Prudell, “Machines and drives comparison for low-power renewable energy and oscillating applications,”
IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1162–1170, Dec. 2010.
N. Milivojevic, M. Krishnamurthy, A. Emadi, and I. Stamenkovic, “Theory and implementation of a simple digital control strategy for brushless DC
generators,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 3345–3356, Nov. 2011.
T. Kenjo and S. Nagamori, Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon Press, 1985.
J. R. Handershot and T. J. E Miller, Design of Brushless Permanent Magnet Motors. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon Press, 2010.
T. J. Sokira andW. Jaffe, Brushless DCMotors: Electronics Commutation and Controls. Blue Ridge Summit, PA, USA: Tab Books, 1989.
H. A. Toliyat and S. Campbell, DSP-Based Electromechanical Motion Control. New York, NY, USA: CRC Press, 2004.
“Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase),” International Standard IEC 61000-3-2, 2000
N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, and W. P. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2009.
B. Singh, B. N. Singh, A. Chandra, K. Al-Haddad, A. Pandey, and D. P. Kothari, “A review of single-phase improved power quality ACDC converters,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 962–981, Oct. 2003.
B. Singh, S. Singh, A. Chandra, and K. Al-Haddad, “Comprehensive study of single-phase AC-DC power factor corrected converterswith highfrequency
isolation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 540–556, Nov.2011.
S. B. Ozturk, O. Yang, and H. A. Toliyat, “Power factor correction of direct torque controlled brushless DC motor drive,” in Proc. 42nd IEEE IAS Annu.
Meeting, Sep. 23–27, 2007, pp. 297–304.
T. Y. Ho, M. S. Chen, L. H. Yang, and W. L. Lin, “The design of a high power factor brushless DC motor drive,” in Proc. Int. Symp. Comput. Consum.
Contr., Jun. 4–6, 2012, pp. 345–348.
C. H. Wu and Y. Y. Tzou, “Digital control strategy for efficiency optimization of a BLDC motor driver with VOPFC,” in Proc. IEEE Energy Convers. Congr.
Expo., Sep. 20–24, 2009, pp. 2528–2534.
T. Gopalarathnam and H. A. Toliyat, “A new topology for unipolar brushlessDCmotor drivewith high power factor,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 18,
no. 6, pp. 1397–1404, Nov. 2003.
V. Bist and B. Singh, “An adjustable speed PFC bridgeless buck-boost converter fed BLDC motor drive,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 6, pp.
2665–2677, Jun. 2014.
B. Singh and V. Bist, “An improved power quality bridgeless Cuk converter fed BLDC motor drive for air conditioning system,” IET Power Electron., vol.
6, no. 5, pp. 902–913, 2013.
B. Singh and V. Bist, “Power quality improvement in PFC bridgeless SEPIC fed BLDC motor drive,” Int. J. Emerg. Elect. Power Syst., vol. 14,no. 3, pp.
285–296, 2013. BIST AND SINGH: PFC CUK CONVERTER-FED BLDC MOTOR DRIVE 887
V. Bist and B. Singh, “A reduced sensor PFC BL-zeta converter based VSI fed BLDC motor drive,” Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 98, pp. 11–18, May 2013.
A. Ionovici, “A new computer-aided approach to the analysis of Cuk converter by using the alternator equations,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 4, no.
3, pp. 319–330, Jul. 1989.
S. C. Wong and Y. S. Lee, “SPICE modeling and simulation of hysteretic current-controlled Cuk converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 8, no. 4, pp.
580–587, Oct. 1993.
K. M. Smedley and S. Cuk, “Dynamics of one-cycle controlled Cuk converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 634–639, Nov.1995.
L. Malesani, R. G. Spiazzi, and P. Tenti, “Performance optimization of Cuk converters by sliding-mode control,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron. ,vol. 10, no.
3, pp. 302–309, May 1995.
Z. Chen, “PI and sliding mode control of a Cuk converter,” IEEE Trans.Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 3695–3703, Aug. 2012.
M. Brkovic and S. Cuk, “Input current shaper using Cuk converter,” in Proc. 14th Int. Telecomm. Energy Conf., Oct. 4–8, 1992, pp. 532–539.
D. S. L. Simonetti, J. Sebastian, and J. Uceda, “The discontinuous conduction mode Sepic and Cuk power factor preregulators: Analysis and design,” IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 630–637, Oct.1997.
S. Buso, G. Spiazzi, and D. Tagliavia, “Simplified control technique for high-power-factor flyback Cuk and Sepic rectifiers operating in CCM,” IEEE Trans.
Ind. Appl., vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1413–1418, Sep./Oct. 2000.
B. T. Lin and Y. S. Lee, “Power-factor correction using Cuk converters in discontinuous-capacitor-voltage mode operation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol.
44, no. 5, pp. 648–653, Oct. 1997.
V. Nasirian, Y. Karimi, A. Davoudi, and M. Zolghadri, “Dynamic model development and variable switching frequency control for DCVM C´uk converters
in PFC applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 2636–2650, Nov./Dec. 2013.
V. Vlatkovic, D. Borojevic, and F. C. Lee, “Input filter design for power factor correction circuits,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 199–
205, Jan. 1996.
P. Alaeinovin and J. Jatskevich, “Filtering of hall-sensor signals for improved operation of brushless DC motors,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 27, no.
2, pp. 547–549, Jun. 2012.
H. Y. Kanaan and K. Al-Haddad, “A unified approach for the analysis of single-phase power factor correction converters,” in Proc. 37th Annu. Conf. IEEE
Ind. Electron. Soc., Nov. 7–10, 2011, pp. 1167–1172.
All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
12