TM
Martin Mienkina
System Application Engineer
June 2012
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire,
ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis, mobileGT, PowerQUICC,
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack,
CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and
Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service
names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
.
•
Understand electricity meter metrology requirements
•
Become familiar with Freescale metering specific reference
designs and algorithm offerings
Tutorials covered in this presentation:
•
Rogowski Coil Digital Integrator
•
Explicit RMS Converter
•
MK30 ADC16-PGA Measurement Chain
TM
2
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Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
Introduction to Energy Meters
•
Energy Metering Tutorial
•
International Standards
•
Current Sensor Interfaces
•
Energy Calculation
•
An Effective Metering System on Chip Based Solutions
•
Enablement
•
Summary
The first specimen of the AC kilowatt-hour meter produced on the basis of
Hungarian Ottó Bláthy's patent and named after him was presented by the
Ganz Works at the Frankfurt Fair in the autumn of 1889, and the first
induction kilowatt-hour meter was already marketed by the factory at the
end of the same year. These were the first alternating-current watt meters,
known by the name of Bláthy-meters.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_meter
TM
3
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Measured Quantities
Electricity Meter Types
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electromechanical meters
• Limited accuracy
• Manual reading
• Contains moving parts (aluminum ring)
Electronic meters
• MCUs, DSPs and ASICs based
• Accurate measurement
• Enhanced security
• Equipped with AMR
• No moving parts
TM
Active, reactive, apparent energy
Active, reactive, apparent power
RMS, peak values (voltage/current)
Line frequency
Power factor
Temperature
Measurement Types
Single phase
• Common in EU residential meters
• One voltage and one current measurement
• Use of shunt resistors prevail due to low
system cost
Dual phase
• Common in US residential meters
• Two voltage and two current measurement
• Use of current transformers and Rogowski
coils prevail
Three phase
• Used in industrial and commercial meters
• Three voltage and three current
measurement
• Use of current transformers and Rogowski
coils prevail
4
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
IEC/EN compliant meters are typically quoted as class p: n(m)A
−
−
−
•
Standardized values
−
−
−
−
−
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Where n is the basic current
m is the maximum current
p is the accuracy class A(2%), B(1%), C(0.5%) – i.e. Class C: 5(60)A
Voltage 120-230-277-400-480 (V)
Frequency rating 50 Hz
Basic current 5-10-15-20-30-40-50 (A)
Maximum current - multiples of basic current
Active power P [W], reactive power Q [VAR] and apparent power S [VA] should be measured
Factors impacting accuracy
Mains frequency
Load power factor
Harmonics in voltage and current
Temperature
DC current
Limited power consumption in current circuit
TM
IEC/EN meter types dominate in
Europe, Turkey, Russia, India and
China.
5
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
•
Dynamic range @ accuracy required
Common static power meter Class B: (5)60A requirements
Class
Ireference
[A]
Imaximum
[A]
Itransitional
[A]
Itr = Iref/10
I minimum
[A]
Imin=0.5*Itr
Accuracy [%]
<imin; Itr>
Accuracy [%]
<Itr; Imax>
A
5
60
0,5
0,25
2,5
2
B
5
60
0,5
0,25
1,5
1
C
5
60
0,5
0,15
1
0,5
Dynamic range out of table Imax : Imin = 60 : 0,25
accuracy required for class B meter 1,5% (err)
e
ADC requirements:
ENOB
ln DR / err
ln(2)
ln 240 / 0.015
ln(2)
240 : 1 (DR)
1
13,96
Imin Itr
TM
6
Imax
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
ANSI C12.20 compliant meters are typically quoted as Class p%: r(m)
−
−
−
•
Standardized values
−
−
−
−
−
•
Where r is the reference current
m is the maximum current
p is the accuracy class 0.5%, 0.2% – i.e. Class 0.2: 30(200)A
Voltage 120-240-277-480 (V)
Frequency rating 60 Hz
Current classes (reference amperes) 2(0.25)-10(2.5)-20(2.5)-100(15)-200(30)320(50) (A)
Starting currents @ current classes 0.001, 0.01, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.16 (A)
Active power P [W], reactive power Q [VAR] and apparent power S [VA] should
be measured
Factors impacting accuracy
−
−
−
−
−
−
ANSI C12.20 meters are used in
US, Canada, Brazil and Mexico.
Mains frequency
Load power factor
Harmonics in voltage and current
Temperature
DC current
Limited power consumption in current circuit
TM
7
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
•
Dynamic range @ accuracy required
ANSI C12.20 power meter Class 0.2: (30)200 requirements
Dynamic range out of table
Imax : Imin@ref = 200 : 3.0
66.6 : 1 (DR)
accuracy required for class
0.2 meter 0.2% (err)
Current in Amperes
Current Class
100
200
0.1
0.1
1
2
1.5
3
3
6
10
20
15
30
30
60
50
100
75
150
90
180
100
200
Conditions
Starting current
(1) Imin
(2) Imin@ref
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10) Imax
ADC requirements:
ENOB
ln DR / err
ln(2)
Maximum error deviation [%]
Accuracy class
0.5
0.2
±1.0
±0.4
±0.5
±0.2
±0.5
±0.2
±0.5
±0.2
±0.5
±0.2
±0.5
±0.2
±0.5
±0.2
±0.5
±0.2
±0.5
±0.2
±0.5
±0.2
e
ln 66.6 / 0.002
ln(2)
15.02
0.4
0.2
Imin Imin@ref
TM
8
Imax
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction to Energy Meters
Energy Metering Tutorial
International Standards
Current Sensor Interfaces
Energy Calculation
An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
Enablement
Summary
TM
9
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
L_OUT
110/220V
Pros:
Isense
•
•
•
•
Anti-aliasing
Filters
Rsense
L_INP
(-6dB per octave)
R
R
Voltage
divider
Cf
Rf
Vadc
Gain
Rf
N_INP
Cons:
ADC
• Self-heating due to power dissipation
• Parasitic inductance introduces
phase shift at low power factors
• Non-isolated
Cf
R
R
N_OUT
Commonly used
Simple to design
Inexpensive
No magnetic effects
Vref
PDB
VDD
Power
supply
ISENSE(A)
RSENSE( )
0.02
Mathematical description:
0.15
Vref
2
Gain RSENSE
60*
Vadc ISENSE
USENSE(VP-P)
14.4uV
250
106.0uV
42.4mV
* Power losses 0.9W @ 60A
Voltage drop across shunt resistor is proportional to the
amplitude of the current and frequency.
TM
10
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Pros:
• Provides electrical isolation
• Current in secondary is proportional to
current in primary
• Preferred for poly-phase meters
• Output voltage scaled to ADC input signal
range
Anti-aliasing
Filters
(-6dB per octave)
110/220V
L_OUT
Turn Ratio=1:N
Isense
Rb
CT
L_INP
1
N
Cf
Rf
Vadc
Gain
ADC
Rf
Cons:
Cf
Voltage
divider
Vref
• CT introduces phase error from 0.1º to 7.0º
• Phase shift depending on current and
temperature
• Load must never be disconnected from
secondary winding
• Iron core can saturate at current level
beyond its rated current or at a large DC
• Sensitive to magnetic tampering
• Expensive
PDB
R
N_INP
N_OUT
R
VDD
Power
supply
Mathematical description:
Vref
)
2
Gain * Rb * N
ISENSE(A)
Courtesy of
VACUUMSCHMELZE
0.02
(Vadc ISENSE
0.15
60
TM
Ratio
11
USENSE(VP-P)
282.8uV
1:2500
Rb=12.5
2.1mV
0.848V
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Anti-aliasing
Filters
(-6dB per octave)
L_OUT
110/220V
Pros:
Cf
Rf
IRS
RC
Gain
VRS
L_INP
•
•
•
•
•
•
Vadc
ADC
∫
Rf
Cf
Voltage
divider
Vref
PDB
Cons:
R
N_INP
• Integration adds to extra circuitry
(software load)
• Interference (far field) pickup - limited
by design or shielding
N_OUT
R
VDD
Provides electrical isolation
Capable of handling high current
Low temperature drift
Linear phase response
No DC or high current saturation
Immune to magnetic tampering
Power
supply
Courtesy of
PULSE ELECTRONICS
ISENSE(A)
Mathematical description:
0.02
VR
K R * Fr * I R
0.15
Vref
2
60
Vadc
GAIN *VR
where:
IR = rated primary current
Fr = frequency of sinusoidal waveform
KR = rotated transformer constant
TM
Fr(
/Hz)
USENSE(VP-P)
23.56uV
8.33
(PA3202NL)
176.71uV
70.7mV
The output voltage of the Rogowski
coil is proportional to the timedifferentiation (di/dt) of the current.
12
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Digital Integrator Block Diagram:
Frequency & Phase Characteristics*:
-45
-85
•
•
Integrator: The numerical
integrator (use of the Bilinear
approximation is generally
preferred over forward/backward
Euler methods due to zero group
delay at higher frequencies
> 100 Hz)
HPF2: The second high pass
filter required to remove offset
from the integrator output signal
TM
Phase (degrees)
HPF1: The first high pass filter to
prevent digital integrator overflow
(used to remove offset and low
frequency drift from input signal)
0.1 - 1.7Hz
-55
-60
1.7Hz
1.3Hz
-87
0.9Hz
-88
0.5Hz
-89
0.1Hz
-90
-65
-91
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
50
Frequency (Hz)
x 10
100
150
200
250
200
250
Frequency (Hz)
-6
8
0
0.1Hz
1.7Hz
-1
6
Phase error (degrees)
•
-50
Magnitude error
Explanation:
Magnitude response (dB)
-86
4 1.3Hz
2 0.9Hz
0.5Hz
-2
0.9Hz
-3
-4
1.3Hz
0.5Hz
0 0.1Hz
0
50
1.7Hz
-5
100
150
Frequency (Hz)
200
250
0
50
100
150
Frequency (Hz)
* Characteristics represents numerical integrator build of 1st order high pass.
Butterworth filters designed and analog filter designed for fcut = 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.3
and 1.7 Hz and sampling rate fs=3000 Hz.
13
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Summary
• Small amplitude errors for filters cut off frequencies below 1.7Hz
• Phase error increases rapidly at higher filter cut-off frequencies
(above 0.1Hz)
• The lower the filter cut-off frequency, the more sluggish the
algorithm startup (initial offset removal)
HPF cut-off
frequency (Hz)
Amplitude
error (%)*
Phase error
(deg)*
Energy error
@ UPF (%)
Energy error
@ PF=0.5 (%)
0.1
0.0002
-0.22**
0.0007
-0.6643
0.5
0.0041
-1.15**
0.0201
-3.4561
0.9
0.0134
-2.05**
0.0640
-6.1318
1.3
0.0279
-2.98**
0.1352
-8.8693
1.7
0.0478
-3.89**
0.2304
-11.5200
* Amplitude and phase error determined for 50Hz input waveform.
** Fine compensation using delaying ADC conversion is possible and widely used.
TM
14
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction to Energy Meters
Energy Metering Tutorial
International Standards
Current Sensor Interfaces
Energy Calculation
An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
Enablement
Summary
TM
15
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Active Energy
Active Power
Term Definition:
Term Definition:
•
•
The electrical energy produced, flowing or supplied by an electric
circuit during a time interval, being the integral with respect to time of
instantaneous Active Power, measured in units of Watt-hours or
standard multiples thereof.
http://www.elexon.co.uk
W
Equation:
The product of voltage and the in-phase component of alternating
current measured in units of watts and standard multiples thereof,
that is: 1000 Watts = 1 kW, 1000 kW = 1 MW
http://www.elexon.co.uk
T
Equation:
u (t )i(t )dt
P
0
1
u (t )i(t )dt
T0
Reactive Energy
Reactive Power
Term Definition:
Term Definition:
•
•
The integral with respect to time of the product of voltage and current
and the sine of the phase angle between them. Its is measured in
units of volt-amperes reactive (VAR) and standard multiples thereof.
Equation:

VAR
http://www.elexon.co.uk
u (t 90 )i(t )dt
1
u (t 90 )i(t )dt VAR Q *T
T 0
Equation: Q
RMS Voltage & Current
Apparent Power
Term Definition:
Term Definition:
•
•
T
Equation:
rms
1
value2 (t )dt
T 0
http://en.wikipedia.org
P *T
Means the product of voltage and current and the sine of the phase
angle between them, measured in units of volt-amperes reactive
(VAR) and standard multiples thereof.
T
http://www.elexon.co.uk

0
In electrical engineering the root mean square (RMS) or effective
value of a current is by definition such that the heating effect is the
same for equal values of alternating or direct-current.
W
In alternating-current power transmission and distribution apparent
power is the product of the RMS voltage and amperage.
Equation:
S
S
u RMS iRMS http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov
Q2
P2
S
Q
ut
P
TM
16
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Term Definition:
•
Example:
The electrical energy produced, flowing or supplied by an electric
circuit during a time interval, being the integral with respect to time of
instantaneous Active Power, measured in units of Watt-hours or
http://www.elexon.co.uk
standard multiples thereof.
Equation:
W
Matlab Calculus:
u (t )i(t )dt
0
Processing/Calculation Steps:
1.
2.
3.
u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=0deg.
W=?
Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
Integrate product of phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
W = int(Ud*Id,0,'T')
subs(W,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,0.02,0})/3600
W = 0.0128 [watt-hours]
Model Simulation:
Model:
―Active Energy Block‖ accumulates phase voltage and phase current multiple.
TM
17
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Term Definition:
Example:
•
u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=90deg.
VAR=?
Means the integral with respect to time of the product of voltage and
current and the sine of the phase angle between them. Its is
measured in units of voltamperes reactive (VAR) and standard
http://www.elexon.co.uk
multiples thereof.
Equation:
u (t 90 )i(t )dt
VAR
0
Processing/Calculation Steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
Shift phase voltage u(t) by 90º.
Integrate product of shifted phase voltage u(t-90º) and current
i(t) samples
Matlab Calculus:
Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha/180*pi)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
VAR = int(diff(Ud/sym('-2*pi*f'))*Id,0,'T')
subs(VAR,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,0.2,90})/3600
VAR = 0.128 [VAR-hours]
Model Simulation:
Model:
―Reactive Energy Block‖ accumulates phase voltage and phase current multiple.
The phase voltage is shifted by 90º using ―90 degree phase shift block‖.
TM
18
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Term Definition:
Example:
•
u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)+offset
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
IRMS=10A, URMS=230V, freq=50Hz, alpha=0deg, offset=0V.
In electrical engineering the root mean square (RMS) or effective
value of a current is by definition such that the heating effect is the
same for equal values of alternating or direct-current.
In mathematics, the RMS is known as the quadratic mean, is a
statistical measure of the magnitude of a varying quantity. It is
especially useful when variations are positive and negative, e.g.,
sinusoids.
http://en.wikipedia.org
T
Equation:
2
rms
1
value (t )dt
T 0
Processing/Calculation Steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
Remove offset from phase current measurements i(t)
Calculate RMS values of the phase voltage URMS(t) and
current IRMS(t).
Matlab Calculus:
Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha/180*pi)+offset')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
UdRMS=sympow(symmul('1/T', int(Ud*Ud,0,'T')),1/2)
IdRMS=sympow(symmul('1/T', int(Id*Id,0,'T')),1/2)
subs(UdRMS,{'U_max','f','T','alpha','offset'},{230*sqrt(2),50,0.1,0,0})
UdRMS= 230.0 [V]
subs(IdRMS,{'I_max','f','T'},{10*sqrt(2),50,0.1})
IdRMS= 10.0 [A]
Model Simulation:
Model:
―RMS Voltage & Current Averager‖ are based on the Explicit RMS Converter *, therefore
their output response is smoothed due to implied low pass filtering (IIR filter, first order,
fcut=2Hz).
TM
19
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Term Definition:
•
Example:
The product of voltage and the in-phase component of alternating
current measured in units of watts and standard multiples thereof, that
is: 1000 Watts = 1 kW, 1000 kW = 1 MW
Equation:
http://www.elexon.co.uk
T
P
1
u (t )i(t )dt
T0
W
P *T
Processing/Calculation Steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
Accumulate instantaneous product of phase voltage u(t) and
current i(t) per fixed time period.
Divide accumulated sum by time period if not equal to 1s
u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=0deg.
P=?
Matlab Calculus:
Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
P = symmul('1/T',int(symmul(Ud,Id),0,'T'))
subs(P,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,1.0,0})
P = 2300.0 [watts]
Model Simulation:
Model:
―Active Power Averager‖ is also based on the Explicit RMS Converter*, therefore their
output response is smoothed due to implied low pass filtering (IIR filter, first order,
fcut=2Hz).
TM
20
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Term Definition:
Example:
•
u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=90deg.
Q=?
The product of voltage and current and the sine of the phase angle
between them, measured in units of voltamperes reactive (VAR) and
standard multiples thereof.
T
Equation:
http://www.elexon.co.uk

Q
1
u (t 90 )i(t )dt VAR Q *T
T 0
Processing/Calculation Steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
Shift phase voltage u(t) by 90º
Accumulate instantaneous products of shifted phase voltage
u(t-90º) and current i(t) per fixed time period
Divide accumulated sum by time period if period doesn‘t equal
1s
Matlab Calculus:
Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha/180*pi)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
Q = symmul('1/T',int(diff(Ud/sym('-2*pi*f'))*Id,0,'T'))
subs(Q,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,1.0,90})Ud =
sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha)')
Q = 2300.0 [VAR]
Model Simulation:
Model:
―Reactive Power Averager‖ is also based on the Explicit RMS Converter*, therefore their
output response is smoothed due to implied low pass filtering (IIR filter, first order,
fcut=2Hz). The phase voltage is shifted by 90º using ―90 degree phase shift block‖.
TM
21
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Term Definition:
Example:
•
u(t)=URMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+alpha)
i(t)=IRMS*sqrt(2)*sin(2*pi*freq*t+0)
URMS=230V, IRMS=10A, freq=50Hz, alpha=45deg.
S=?
In alternating-current power transmission and distribution, apparent
power is the product of the RMS voltage and amperage.
http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov
Equation:
S
S
S
u RMS iRMS
Q2
ut
P2
Processing/Calculation Steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Q
P
Measure phase voltage u(t) and current i(t) samples
Remove offset from phase voltage measurements u(t)
Remove offset from phase current measurements i(t)
Calculate RMS values of the phase voltage URMS(t) and current
IRMS(t)
Calculate apparent power by multiplying URMS(t)*IRMS(t)
Matlab Calculus:
Ud = sym('U_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+alpha/180*pi)')
Id = sym('I_max*sin(2*pi*f*t+0)')
UdRMS=sympow(symmul('1/T', int(Ud*Ud,0,'T')),1/2)
IdRMS=sympow(symmul('1/T', int(Id*Id,0,'T')),1/2)
S=UdRMS*IdRMS
subs(S,{'U_max','I_max','f','T','alpha'},{230*sqrt(2),10*sqrt(2),50,1.0,45})
S = 2300.0 [VA]
Model Simulation:
Model:
―Apparent Power Block‖ calculates apparent power using arithmetic approach from the RMS
voltage and current samples. Performance of this block is therefore dependent on the
performances of the RMS voltage and RMS current calculations. The RMS voltage and RMS
current are based on the Explicit RMS Converters, therefore their output response is
smoothed by low-pass filtering (IIR filter, first order, fcut=2Hz). As URMS and IRMS contain
all harmonic information, the apparent power computed by arithmetic approach is a Total
Apparent Power.
TM
22
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
u
0
-0.5
0
-0.5
-1
0
-0.5
-1
0
1
-1
0
0.81
Step 1:
PGA Input Signal Range:
i
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
time(s)
0.25
time(s)
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
2
avg(i )
avg(i )
0.6
0.8
0.4
u2
X2
0.1
time(s)
2*sin(2*pi*f*t)
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Umax
0.8
1
0.6
2
u2
i
LPF
2
0.05
u2
0.4
0.6
0.2
LPF
X
u
X2
2
Step 2:
LPF
2
2
avg(u )
avg(u )
avg(u 2 )
U RMS
0
-0.5
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
time(s)
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.2
0
0
0.80
0
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.2
0
0.20
0
0
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0
0
Source: Charles Kitchin, Lew Counts, ―RMS to DC Conversion
Application Guide‖, 2nd Edition, Analogue Devices, 1986.
TM
u2
0.25
0.3
time(s)
0.2
0.25
0.3
time(s)
0.2
0.25
0.3
time(s)
avg(Umax2*sin(2*pi*f*t))
2
))
2sqrt(avg(u
2
sqrt(avg(u
sqrt(avg(u
))
))
u
0.5
0.6
0.15
0.2
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.05
0.1
0.05
0.1
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
time(s)
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
time(s)
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
2
time(s)
0.35
23
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
time(s)
0.2
0.25
0.3
time(s)
0.2
0.25
0.3
time(s)
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Step 3: sqrt(avg(Umax *sin(2*pi*f*t)))
1
0.8
0.1
0.15
0.6
0.4
0.2
Input Signal: Umax*sin(2*pi*f*t)
1
0.05
0.1
0.8
0.6
0.4
Equation:
-1
0.05
2
avg(u
)
2
avg(u2avg(u
)
)
u
0.2
0.4
0
0
0
0.2
0
0.80
0
0.8
0.6
P
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Summary
•
Frequently used for RMS current, RMS voltage, active power
and reactive power calculations
•
Square root with 16-bit output dynamic range was found
sufficient for representing non billing quantities (all above)
•
Executes in less than 100 instruction cycles on ARM CortexM4™ (compiled by IAR EW for ARM, full optimization, code
inlining, the additional LPF {1st order} added to smooth square
root output)
TM
24
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Introduction to Energy Meters
• Energy Metering Tutorial
• International Standards
• Current Sensor Interfaces
• Energy Calculation
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
TM
25
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Kinetis : K10-K30
32-bit
(M4,64K-1M,crypto)
•
•
•
•
•
Cost optimized
Large choice
Industry standard cores
Analog integration
Lowest 32-bit power
Single
Phase
Three
phase
Coming
Next
Flow
LH/LL64
8-bit
Apps Cont.
K30/K10/K12
32-bit
(AFE,Welmec, M4)
(256K-1M)
EM256 (CT)
(CF,256K)
Next Gen
Single Chip
Int. AFE
32-bit
K30/K10/K12
(Welmec, M4,)
(128K-1M)
(S08,16-bit,8K-64K)
GW/LL64
EM128 (SR)
(S08,16-bit,32K-64K)
(CF,128K)
MG64 (China)
LG32
Next-Gen Met
Flow NPI
Ext. AFE
MZ60 (China)
Next Gen
Met+App
32-bit
KA/LA8
Ext. AFE
2007
2009
TM
Smart AFE
AFE
2011
2008
26
2010
2012
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Common
System IP
32-bit ARM
Cortex-M4™ Core
w/ DSP Instructions
K70 Family
512 KB-1 MB,
196-256pin
Next Generation
Flash Memory
High Reliability,
Fast Access
K60 Family
256 KB-1 MB,
100-256pin
K50 Family
128-512 KB,
64-144pin
FlexMemory w/
EEPROM capability
K40 Family
SRAM
64-512 KB,
64-144pin
Common
Analog IP
Low Voltage,
Low Power Multiple
Operating Modes,
Clock Gating
(1.71V-3.6V with 5V
tolerant I/O)
64-512 KB,
64-144pin
K20 Family
32 KB-1 MB,
32-144pin
K10 Family
DMA
32 KB-1 MB,
32-144pin
-40 to 105 °C
TM
27
Development
Tools
CRC
Bundled IDE
w/ Processor
Expert
16-bit ADC
I2 C
Programmable
Gain Amplifiers
SAI (I2S)
UART/SPI
12-bit DAC
Memory
Protection Unit
K30 Family
Common
Digital IP
Programmable
Delay Block
External Bus
Interface
High-speed
Comparators
Motor Control
Timers
eSDHC
Low-power
Touch Sensing
RTC
Bundled OS
USB, TCP/IP,
Security
Modular Tower
H/ware
Development
System
Application
Software
Stacks,
Peripheral
Drivers & App.
Libraries
(Motor Control,
HMI, USB)
Broad 3rd party
ecosystem
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
K30 Family Block Diagram
For Segment LCD Applications
•
Flexible, low power LCD interface
−
−
−
•
−
−
−
Memory Protection Unit
FlexBus
Up to 512KB Flash
Memory
A multitude of serial interfaces, with UART support for
ISO7816 SIM/Smart Cards and IrDA interfaces
Dual CAN for industrial network bridging
Up to 128KB
SRAM
Hardware cyclic redundancy check safeguards
memory contents and communication data
Memory Protection Unit – increase software reliability
Independently-clocked watchdog prevents code
runaway for fail-safe applications e.g. IEC60730
FlexMemory:
up to 4KB EEPROM
or 256KBFlash
Peripheral Bus Controllers (x2)
Timers
3x FlexTimers
Carrier Modulator
Timer,
Programmable
Interrupt Timer,
Low Power
Timer,
Programmable
Delay Block
Analog
2x 16-bit SAR ADC
2x 12-bit DAC
3x High Speed
Comparators
2x Programmable
Gain Amplifiers
Internal Voltage
Ref (1.2V)
Communications
2x I2C
6x UART
3x DSPI
2x CAN
IIS
32-bit Cyclic
Redundancy
Check
Segment LCD
(8x40 /4x44)
Low Power Xtrinsic
Touch Sensing
Interface
Watchdog +
External Watchdog
Monitor
Up to 98 GPIO
Hardware and software compatibility
−
•
CrossBar Switch (XBS)
System reliability and safety
−
•
Segment LCD Blink mode lowers average power
Segment fail detect prevents erroneous readouts and
reduces LCD test cost
Front/back plane reassignment provides pin-out
flexibility and allows configuration changes in firmware
Clock Module:
2 Crystal inputs
2 internal
oscillators
PLL and FLL
Secure
Digital
Host
Controller
16-ch
DMA
1.25DMIPs/MHz
Diverse communications suite
−
•
Up to 100MHz
ARM Cortex-M4 Core
DSP
Common packages and peripherals across families
enable rapid feature growth with minimal hardware
and software disruption
Built-in voltage regulator (K40)
−
−
5V regulator input with 3.3V regulated output
3.3V regulated output can power MCU and also external
components (source current up to 120mA)
Family
USB OTG + DCD
Segment LCD
K30
-
X
K40
X
X
Kinetis documentation: www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/homepage.jsp?code=Kinetis
TM
28
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
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other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Needs
Kinetis Solution
Cortex-M4 CPU
M4 core (DSP functionality) up to 100 MHz
Low Power
298uA*/MHz Run Current
Down to 1.47uA** @VLLS1
Data Storage
FlexMemory (Up to 4kB EEPROM, Dual Flash Bank). Fast Flash Programming (70us)
Flash Update
Flash swap, security and protection. CRC32 for code check up
User Interface
Embedded LCD controller (integrated voltage generators)
Communication
Up to 6 UARTS, 3 SPIs and 2 IIC.
Memory Scalability
From 64 KB to 512 KB of Flash. From 16 KB to 128 KB of RAM
Time Keeping
RTC module with separate Vbat and Crystal compensation (Correction range ~ ±.12ppm
.. ~ ±3900ppm)
Analog Modules
High Speed ADC with integrated PGA. 12-bit DAC. HSCMP. Built-in 1.2 V reference
33 ppm/C with dedicated output pin.
Packages
64LQFN, 64LQFP, 80LQFP, 81 BGA, 100LQFP, 104BGA, 144LQFP, 121BGA, 144BGA
* Typical run mode current — 72MHz core clock, 36MHz bus clock, and 24MHz flash clock. MCG configured for FEE mode. All peripheral clocks disabled.
** Typical very low-leakage stop mode 1 current at 3.0 V and –40 to 25°C
TM
29
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
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other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
ADC0_DP1
DAD1
ADC0_DM1
ADC0
DAD0
PGA0_DP/ADC0_DP0/ADC1_DP3
PGA0_DM/ADC0_DM0/ADC1_DM3
PGA0
1x-64x
DAD2
DAD3
DAD3
PGA1_DP/ADC1_DP0/ADC0_DP3
PGA1_DM/ADC1_DM0/ADC0_DM3
PGA1
1x-64x
ADC1
DAD2
DAD0
ADC1_DP1
DAD1
ADC1_DM1
The Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) is designed to increase the dynamic
range by amplifying low-amplitude signals before they are fed to the 16-bit ADC.
TM
30
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
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Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
PGA Input Signal Range
Gain=x64 ADC Measurement Use-Case:
The formula for PGA differential input signal swing
of the ADC16-PGA measurement chain is:
1.2 V
615.6250 mV
0.6 V
584.3750 mV
𝑽𝑷𝑷𝑨𝑫𝑪,𝑫𝑰𝑭 =
𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝑽𝒙 −𝟎.𝟐,𝑽𝑽𝑹𝑬𝑭 −𝑽𝒙
𝑮𝑨𝑰𝑵
×𝟒
𝑨𝑫𝑪𝑶𝑼𝑻 =
𝟐×𝑽𝑽𝑹𝑬𝑭
×
[𝑽]
𝑮𝑨𝑰𝑵 × 𝟐𝐍 [𝑳𝑺𝑩]
PGA
x64
615.6250 mV
0.6 V
584.3750 mV
TM
0V
(1)
ADC16
0V
1.2 V
-1.0V
PGA_DM
0.7V
ADC16_DM
0V
ADC
Digital Output (PGA Enabled, Gain=x64).
4
x 10
3
2
adc output [LSB]
PGA GAIN
x01
x02
x04
x08
x16
x32
x64
Theoretical
VPP,DIF [mV]
ADCOUT [LSB]
2000
1000
500
250
54613
125
62.5
31.25
1.0 V
0.2V
where: 𝑵 is number of bits for given ADC16
conversion mode.
PGA Input Signal Range:
ADC16_DP
0.2V
where: 𝑽𝒙 is 700mV
𝑽𝑽𝑹𝑬𝑭 is 1.2V
𝑮𝑨𝑰𝑵 is PGA gain 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64.
ADC16 digital output range is expressed as follows:
𝑽𝑷𝑷𝑨𝑫𝑪,𝑫𝑰𝑭
0.7V
PGA_DP
1
0
-1
-2
-3
0
0.001
31
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
time [s]
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.01
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Summary
•
Kinetis K30 devices feature two 16-bit ADCs. Each ADC
contains a differential input channel with PGA.
•
Each ADC has two status and control registers as well as two
result registers, thus up to four conversions can be initiated by
hardware without software intervention.
•
Up to two measurements can be trigger either simultaneously
or with precisely defined delay with the help of the
Programmable Delay Blocks – the trigger setup is optimized for
use in 1-phase electricity meters.
TM
32
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Secure,
Prepaid
MK30 with
NFC
1Q12
TM
33
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Block diagram
Photo
More information: http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=RDMK30XSPEM
TM
34
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Key Features:
•
5(60)A current range, nominal current is 5A, peak current is 60 A
•
Four quadrant measurement
85V...264V, 50/60 Hz voltage range
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Active and reactive energy accuracy IEC50470-3 Class B, 1%
Line frequency measurement (for precision zero-cross detection)
Cost-effective shunt resistor sensing circuit implementation
Cost-effective bill of materials (BOM)
Low-power modes effectively implemented, including the use of the built-in RTC
LCD display, 4x31 segments including charge pump
•
Values shown on the LCD: V,A,W,Var,VA, kWh, kVarh, cos , Hz, time, date
Tamper detection via two tamper buttons (event is stored in FlexMemory)
•
Built-in user push-button
•
LEDs pulse outputs (kWh, kVARh)
•
•
IEC1107 infrared hardware interface
Optically isolated RS232 interface
•
2.4 GHz RF1322x interface (I2C Daughter Card) for connection to a ZigBee® network
•
MQXTM based for advanced markets
Multiple advanced metering algorithms (FFT, filter-based method)
•
TM
35
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Temp. drift of active energy error for MK30 1-ph meter
(Vbias tied on VREF)
2
1.5
1
-25°C
0.5
error[%]
0°C
22°C
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
45°C
70°C
-0.5
min.
max.
-1
According to EN50470-3,
Class B 5(60)A, errors
represents results at UPF
-1.5
-2
current[A]
TM
36
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
More information: http://cache.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/app_note/AN4255.pdf
Where: ―Fs‖ is sampling frequency
―N‖ is number of samples per voltage cycle
―k‖ series of harmonics 1 .. N/2-1
TM
37
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
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Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Conditions
•
•
Implementation of FFT algorithm to ARM core (MK30X)
Separation of real and imaginary parts of FFT signal to fix part (32-bits) and
remainder part (16-bits) – in total 48-bits (good precision for most of
applications)
Advantages of realization
•
•
•
The same precision for both energies (active, reactive) in comparison to other
computing methods – depends only on AFE (HW) of the meter, not on software.
Frequency analysis of input signal – ability to compute total harmonic distortion
Offset removal (0-harmonic is missed for power computing)
Disadvantages of realization
•
Adjustable sampling rate necessary to compensate for frequency changes
•
Higher computational power - 10,2 MIPS for 6400 Hz sampling rate (CPUCLK =
48 MHz)
TM
38
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
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Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
Demo purpose:
− To
provide working solution for accuracy evaluation
− To specify schematic and BOM (low-cost)
− To verify accuracy
•
Product Features and Specifications:
− Design
Reference Manual (DRM122)
− AN4255 - FFT-based algorithm for metering applications
− Quick Start for MK30EMETERMQX
− MQX Reference Manual and MQX User‘s Guide
− 1322x Low-Power Node Reference Manual
− Device development tools: MK30EMETERMQX
− Device documentation: MK30X256
TM
39
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
3-ph E
Meter
MK30
2Q12
TM
40
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
2Q12
TM
41
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
2Q12
Key Features:
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
•
•
5(100)A current range, nominal current is 5A, peak current is 100 A
Four quadrant measurement
85V...264V, 50/60 Hz voltage range
Active and reactive energy accuracy IEC50470-3 Class B, 1%
Line frequency measurement form all 3 phases (for precision zero-cross detection)
Current transformers sensing circuit implementation
Cost-effective bill of materials (BOM)
Low-power modes effectively implemented, including the use of the built-in RTC
LCD display, 4x44 segments including charge pump
Values shown on the LCD: V,A,W,Var,VA, kWh, kVarh, cos j, Hz
Tamper detection via ELECTRONIC TILT PMA8491Q sensor and tamper buttons (event is stored
in FlexMemory)
Built-in user push-button
LEDs pulse outputs (kWh, kVARh)
IEC1107 infrared hardware interface
Optically isolated RS232 interface
AMU and UMI connectors interface, could be use for (I 2C Daughter Card) for connection to a
ZigBee® network
Multiple advanced metering algorithms (FFT, filter-based method)
TM
42
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Introduction to Energy Meters
• Energy Metering Tutorial
• International Standards
• Sensor Interfaces
• Energy Calculation
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
TM
43
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
Special Edition – Free. The following limitations apply −
−
−
−
Unlimited assembly code
Up to 32KB of C code for HC(S)08/RS08 derivatives
Up to 64KB of C code for V1 ColdFire/ColdFire+ derivatives
Up to 128KB of C code for V2-V4 ColdFire and Kinetis derivatives
Free
Compiler
up to
128KB!
•
New Project Wizard – Create a project in as few as six clicks
•
MCU Change Wizard – Re-target to a new RS08, HCS08, ColdFire, ColdFire+ or Kinetis processor
in as few as six clicks
•
LiveView – Allows registers, memory and global variables to be monitored without stopping the
processor
•
Processor Expert – Creates tested, optimized initialization code and low-level drivers tuned to
application needs and selected Freescale derivative
•
−
Built-in knowledgebase immediately flags resource conflicts and incorrect settings, so errors are caught early in
design cycle
Processor Expert for Kinetis is fully integrated with MQX via RTOS adapter component
•
Trace and profile support for on-chip trace buffer and real-time collection (external probe)
•
Full debug support for low power modes
−
Handles entry into and continuation of debug after exiting Low Power and Very Low Power modes.
TM
44
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
Leading supplier of MCU development tools
−
ANSI C/C++ compilers, Debuggers and
Simulation
− Middleware components
•
Extensive Device Database®
−
•
Established support
−
•
Phone, Email, Web and User Group Support
Huge installed base
−
•
Directory of over 700 supported ARM MCUs
100K+ users world wide
Best-in-class compilation tools
−
Architecture-specific optimizations
−
Smaller and faster code reduces system cost
•
Products:
• MDK-STANDARD-FREESCALE: Supports any Kinetis
Cortex-M4 series device, $745 (1year license with no code
limits)
• MDK-Lite (32K Code Limited): $0
• MDK-Standard (T) (1 Yr Lic): $1958
• MDK-Basic (B) (256KB limit): $2695
• MDK-Standard: $4895
• MDK-Standard (F) (3 seats floating): $5874
• MDK-Professional: $9995
• MDK-Professional (F) (3 seats floating): $11994
TM
MicroLib optimized C Libraries
−
−
•
Additional support for the Cortex-M4
−
−
45
Superset of standard ARM C Library
Optimized for embedded applications
Supports Thumb2 Instruction sets
including DSP and FPU
CMSIS Signal Processing Library
support
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The most widely used C/C++ tool chain for ARM MCUs
Professional and global technical support organization (10 offices)
Reliable, powerful and easy to use
Advanced trace debug functionality based on ETM and SWO
Support for Kinetis 10/20/30/40/60/70, i.MX, ColdFire+ and
ColdFire
Freescale MQX™ RTOS integration
Project examples for the Freescale Tower system
Products:
• EWARM-CM-FSL: Supports any Kinetis Cortex-M4 series device,
$2500 (1-year license), available now via Freescale ‗Buy Direct‘
http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?cod
e=EWARM-CM-FSL&fsrch=1&sr=2
• EWARM-CM: Supports all ARM Cortex-M devices including
Cortex-M4
• EWARM-BL (BaseLine): Supports all ARM cores with a limit in
code size of 256 KB
• EWARM: Supports all ARM cores
Evaluation
versions on
www.iar.com
www.iar.com/ewarm to download
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46
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Software integration
headache
Free scalable, fully-featured and proven
RTOS with 32-bit MCUs
− Full-featured and


BSPs incorporate tightly integrated RTOS,
Middleware (USB, TCP/IP stacks), file system, and
I/O drivers
Designed for speed and size efficiency
− Market




$95K
of free
Software
proven
Available on Freescale processors for > 15 years
Used in millions of products including medical and
heavy industrial applications
− Simple

powerful
Integrated MQX Solution
and scalable
As small as ~10KB for smallest implementation, or
scale up to support sophisticated networking and
threading
Intuitive API & modular architecture enables straightforward fine-tuning of features
Production source code provided
− Similar
to other “pay-for” software OS
Stable
Upgradable
Easy to maintain
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47
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Application control
and monitor
Live graphs,
variable watches,
and graphical
control page
Real-time eTPU
operation monitor
Supports:
- HCS08, HC12, HCS12 and HCS12X BDM
- 56F8000, 56F8100 and 56F8300 JTAG
- SCI driver (FMASTERSCIDRV) for all
platforms
Download from: www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=FREEMASTER
TM
48
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
8bit
16bit
DSC
32bit - ColdFire
32bit – Power Arch
32bit Kinetis
TWR-56F8257
TWR-MCF51JE
TWR-MCF51CN
TWR-MCF51MM
TWR-MCF51QM
TWR-MCF5225X
TWR-MCF5441X
TWR-MCF51JF
TWR-MPC5125
TWR-K60N512
TWR-K40X256
TWR-K60D100M
TWR-K40D100M
TWR-K53N512
KWIKSTIK-K40
TWR-K20D50M
Processor
Modules
($39-$119)
TWR-S08LL64
TWR-S08LH64
TWR-S08JE128
TWR-S08MM128
TWR-S08GW64
TWR-S08UNIV
TWR-S08PT60
Serial
Peripheral
Modules
($15 – $149)
TWR-S12GN32
TWR-S12G128
Prototyping
TWR-SER
TWR-SER2
TWR-PROTO
Analog
Audio
Wi-Fi
TWR-WIFI-RS2101
TWR-WIFI-G1011MI
TWR-WIFI-AR4100
Memory
TWR-MEM
Sensors &
Plug-Ins
Displays
TWR-SENSOR-PAK
TWR-LCD
TWR-SENSOR-PAK-AUTO
TWRPI-MMA6900
TWRPI-MPL115A
Medical
MED-EKG
Mesh Networking
www.freescale.com/tower
TWR-ADCDAC-LTC
TM
TWR-AUDIO-SGTL
TWR-RF-SNAP
49
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
• Introduction to Energy Meters
• Energy Metering Tutorial
• International Standards
• Sensor Interfaces
• Energy Calculation
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based
Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
TM
50
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
•
Freescale offers wide range of metering specific reference
designs and application notes.
•
Metering algorithms are tested according to EN50470-3
(active energy) and IEC 62053-23 (reactive energy) as well
as ANSI C12.20 standards.
•
Performance and accuracy of all Kinetis MK30, ColdFire
EM256, S08GW64 and S08LH64 reference designs have
been thoroughly evaluated on metering test bench.
•
The EMC testing is performed according to EN 61000-4-X
basic standards taking into account regional specifics and
preferences.
TM
51
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Facebook.com/Freescale
Tag yourself in photos
and upload your own!
Tweeting?
Please use hashtag
#FTF2012
Session materials will be posted @ www.freescale.com/FTF
Look for announcements in the FTF Group on LinkedIn or follow Freescale on Twitter
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52
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, ColdFire+, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Kinetis,
mobileGT, PowerQUICC, Processor Expert, QorIQ, Qorivva, StarCore, Symphony and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.,
Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. Airfast, BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, Flexis, MagniV, MXC, Platform in a Package, QorIQ Qonverge, QUICC Engine,
Ready Play, SafeAssure, the SafeAssure logo, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, Vybrid and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All
other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
TM