The Development and Execution of Functional Tests for Lighting Controls Ryan Stroupe Building Performance Program Coordinator Pacific Energy Center AIA Quality Assurance Learning Objectives and Intent of Presentation 1. Identify components in a typical functional test including precautions, documentation, equipment lists and acceptance criteria. 2. Describe process for creating a functional tests using the Functional Test Guide and blank Functional Test template. 3. Discuss specific aspects of lighting functional tests for schedule controls, occupancy sensors and daylight controls. 4. Identify resources available to support functional testing of lighting systems. Existing Art on Lighting Functional Tests California’s Title 2424-s6 Acceptance Tests http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/ Advanced Lighting Guidelines: 2003 Edition http://www.algonline.org/ Functional Testing Guide www.peci.org/ftguide/index.htm Seattle City Light: Standard Commissioning Procedure for Daylighting Controls http://www.seattle.gov/light/conserve/business/bdgcoma/bca8.pdf Standard Commissioning Procedure for Lighting Sweep Controls http://www.seattle.gov/light/conserve/business/bdgcoma/bca9.pdf Standard Commissioning Procedure for Energy Management & Control Systems http://www.seattle.gov/light/conserve/business/bdgcoma/bca3.pdf Commissioning Different Control Strategies Advanced Lighting Guidelines, New Buildings Institute, 2003, pg 8-14 Functional Test Components Purpose Acceptance criteria Instructions Precautions Roles and responsibilities Preparation Equipment required Procedure Return to normal Test sign off Standard Commissioning Procedure for Lighting Sweep Controls, Seattle City Light, 1999 Using the Functional Test Guide Template www.peci.org/ftguide/index.htm Types of Lighting Controls Manual Controls • On/off • Dimming Timers Schedule (Sweeps)* Occupancy Sensors* Photo Controls (Daylighting)* • On/off • Stepped • Dimming * Functionally testing this type of control is discussed here Scheduled Control (Sweep) Functional Test Purpose to ensure that lights are automatically turned off at a predetermined time. to ensure that individual lighting circuits (zones) can be manually enabled (over-ridden), if necessary, during scheduled OFF periods. A zone is a group of light fixtures that are controlled by a single schedule. Relay broken Relay fixed California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Relays and Control Zones Relays receive a low voltage control signal to connect or cut a line voltage circuit. R.A. Rundquist, T.G. McDougall, J. Benya. Lighting Controls: Patterns for Design. Electric Power Research Institute, 1996. Pg. 22. Scheduled Control (Sweep) Functional Test Acceptance Criteria Automatic time switch controls are programmed with acceptable weekday, weekend, and holiday schedules, per building occupancy profile.1 The correct date and time are properly set in the lighting controller.1 Have program backup capabilities that prevent the loss of the device’s schedules for at least 7 days, and the device’s time and date setting for at least 72 hours if power is interrupted.1 All lights can be turned ON manually or turn ON automatically during the occupied time schedule.1 All lights turn OFF at the preprogrammed, scheduled times.1 The manual override switch is functional and turns associated lights ON when activated.1 Override time limit is no more than 2 hours, except for exempt spaces.1 Override switch is located within area of controlled zone.2 Enunciator warning the occupants that the lights are about to turn OFF functions correctly.1 Schedule and override are reasonable for zone occupancy pattern.2 1.California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission 2. Standard Commissioning Procedure for Lighting Sweep Controls, Seattle City Light, 1999 Scheduled Control (Sweep) Functional Test Precautions/Instructions The manual override time limit can be adjusted to minimize test time, but the time limit setting must be reset upon completion of the test (not to exceed 2 hours).1 It is preferable to perform the test when the spaces are unoccupied. Turning the lights OFF when other occupants are present can cause problems and unsafe working conditions.1 If the complexity, configuration, or other aspects of a specific project require substitute tests or additional tests, explain on the comments sheets, and attach the additional test procedures and field data.2 This commissioning procedure does not address fire and life safety or basic equipment safety controls.2 In all test sections, circle or otherwise highlight any responses that indicate deficiencies.2 1.California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission 2. Standard Commissioning Procedure for Lighting Sweep Controls, Seattle City Light, 1999 Scheduled Control (Sweep) Functional Test Prerequisites All luminaires and override switches controlled by the time switch control system must be wired and powered.1 Lighting control system must be installed and ready for system operation, including completion of all start-up procedures, per manufacturer’s recommendations.1 Preferably, the space is unoccupied during the test to prevent conflicts with other trades.1 Document the initial conditions before overrides or manipulation of the BAS. All systems must be returned to normal at the end of the test.1 To ensure that this commissioning procedure will not damage any equipment or affect any equipment warranties, have the equipment manufacturer’s representative review any interventive test procedures prior to execution.2 1.California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission 2. Standard Commissioning Procedure for Lighting Sweep Controls, Seattle City Light, 1999 Scheduled Control (Sweep) Functional Test Roles and Responsibilities Control specialist Field technician Equipment Required Written functional test (and clipboard) Time piece (watch) Computer or other interface with lighting control system Drawings of reflected floor plans Jumper (for relay testing) Radios Circuit tracer Scheduled Control (Sweep) Functional Test Procedure Step 1: Simulate occupied condition. Set ON time schedule to include actual time or adjust time to be within the ON time schedule (whichever is easier). Verify and Document all lights can be enabled. Some systems may turn the lights on automatically at the scheduled time, but others may require that lights be turned on manually using their respective area control switch. Verify and Document the local lighting circuit switch only operates lights in the area in which the switch is located. This is particularly important in enclosed spaces to ensure only lights within the enclosed space are controlled. However, switches serving open spaces should also control only lights in the designated zone. Temporarily schedule is set for test period Lights turn on 3:45 pm Lights turn off 3:47 pm California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Scheduled Control (Sweep) Functional Test Procedure Step 2: Simulate unoccupied condition Set the OFF time schedule to include the actual time, or adjust the time to be within the OFF time schedule (whichever is easier). Verify and Document all non-exempt lights turn off. Most systems warn occupants that the lights are about to turn off by sending a pulse through the lighting circuits to “flicker” the lights or provide another form of visual or audible annunciation. • Verify and Document manual override switch is functional. Enabling the manual override switch allows only the lights in the selected space where the switch is located to turn ON. This is particularly important in enclosed spaces to ensure only lights within the enclosed space are controlled, however, switches serving open spaces should also control only lights in the designated zone. The lights should remain ON throughout the override time period (refer to §131(d)2D for maximum override times) and the system indicates that the lights are about to be turned off again. • Verify and Document all non-exempt lights turn off when the next OFF signal is supplied to the lighting control circuits or the override time has expired. In order to reduce testing time associated with the complete OFF-Manual override-OFF sequence, it is recommended that the override time be shortened so that the entire sequence can be witnessed within a reasonable amount of time. • Verify and Document the device has program backup capabilities that prevent the loss of schedules for at least 7 days, and the loss of time and date setting for at least 72 hours if power is interrupted. California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Scheduled Control (Sweep) Functional Test Procedure Step 3: Documentation Make sure all pass/fail criteria are initialed. Make sure functional test is signed and dated. Add notes to or modify systems manual to reflect scheduling changes. Procedure Step 4: Return system back to normal operating condition. Ensure all schedules, setpoints, operating conditions, and control parameters are placed back at their initial conditions. Ensure the override time period is no more than 2 hours. It is also good practice to leave a schedule in the timeclock itself for easy reference and to leave a blank schedule form so that the users can document any schedule changes. Old schedule Revised schedule 1. Lights do not turn on automatically at 8:00 am anymore 2. Lights turn off at 11 pm/4 pm for all conditions including weekends (used to stay on until swept off on Mondays) California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Scheduled Control (Sweep) Functional Test Old schedule Revised schedule 1. Lights do not turn on automatically at 8:00 am anymore 2. Lights turn off at 11 pm/4 pm for all conditions including weekends (used to stay on until swept off on Mondays) California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Using Trends or Dataloggers to Cx Schedules Appropriate datalogger types Power data for multiple lighting circuits Light status Variable light levels Amperage Power Trend/EMS capabilities Bad Relay report Programmed schedules Operation of lighting circuits List of circuits with performance data Occupancy Sensor Functional Test Purpose • to ensure that an occupancy sensor is located, adjusted, and wired properly to achieve the desired lighting control. • to ensure that occupancy sensors are used to automatically turn lights on and keeps them on when a space is occupied, and turn them off automatically when the space is unoccupied after a reasonable time delay. • to ensure the time delay, that will prevent lights from short cycling ON and OFF as spaces are occupied and unoccupied frequently is of the desired duration. 2. • to identify type and appropriateness of occupancy sensor technology. There are three 1. basic technologies utilized in most occupancy sensors: 1) infrared; 2) ultrasonic; and 3) a combination of infrared and passive sonic detection. 3. California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Occupancy Sensor Types R.A. Rundquist, T.G. McDougall, J. Benya. Lighting Controls: Patterns for Design. Electric Power Research Institute, 1996. Pg. 7. Occupancy Sensor Functional Test Acceptance Criteria Standard occupancy sensor responds to “typical” occupant movement to turn the lights ON immediately. Manual ON occupancy sensor requires occupant to switch lighting on. Multi-level occupant sensors meet uniformity requirements; the first stage activates between 30-70 percent of the lighting power; after that event the occupant has the ability to manually activate the alternate set of lights, activate 100 percent of the lighting, deactivate all of the lights. Occupancy does not respond to occupant movement outside the controlled lighting zone. Occupancy sensor does not trigger on other false ON or OFF. Ultrasonic occupancy sensors do not emit audible sound. Lights controlled by the occupancy sensor turn OFF when the preset time delay is met. The maximum time delay is not greater than 30 minutes. Status indicator or annunciator (typically a small LED) operates correctly. California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Occupancy Sensor Functional Test Precautions/Instructions It is imperative that the test be performed during a time when the tester can have full control over the occupancy of the space. The time delay can be adjusted to minimize test time, but the time delay setting must be reset upon completion of the test (not to exceed 30 minutes). Plan sensor location to avoid detection of significant air movement from an HVAC diffuser or other source, which can cause the sensor to turn the lights ON (this is most critical with ultrasonic sensors). Avoid detection of motion in adjacent areas and unwanted triggers by adjusting coverage pattern intensity or masking the sensor with an opaque material. Educating the owner about furniture and partition placement in the spaces can avoid future problems with infrared sensor performance (which rely on “line-of-sight” coverage). If the complexity, configuration, or other aspects of a specific project require substitute tests or additional tests, explain on the comments sheets, and attach the additional test procedures and field data. This commissioning procedure does not address fire and life safety or basic equipment safety controls. In all test sections, circle or otherwise highlight any responses that indicate deficiencies. California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Occupancy Sensor Functional Test Prerequisites Occupancy sensors are installed properly, and located in places that avoid obstructions and minimize false signals. All luminaires are wired and powered. During the test, the space remains unoccupied. Document the initial conditions before overrides or manipulation of the BAS. All systems must be returned to normal at the end of the test. Form for indicating set-point adjustment for sensitivity and time delay California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Occupancy Sensor Functional Test Roles and Responsibilities Control specialist Field technician Equipment Required Time piece (watch) Small screw driver Radios Ladder Interface with lighting control system Tape (to mask off sensor viewing angles) Circuit tracer Occupancy Sensor Functional Test Procedure Step 1: Simulate an unoccupied condition. Ensure the space being tested remains unoccupied during the test and wait for the lights to turn off (sensor delay time can be adjusted to shorten test time). Verify and Document lights controlled by the occupancy sensor turn off when the time delay is met. If the time delay was not adjusted prior to the test, ensure the maximum delay was not greater than 30 minutes. If the time delay was adjusted to minimize test time, ensure the sensor time delay setting does not exceed 30 minutes. Verify and Document occupancy sensor does not trigger a false ON. Ensure that any movement outside the desired control zone does not activate the lights. Examples include: o o o 1. Walking past an open door of an enclosed office - 1 Walking in an adjacent zone close to the control zone - 2 Movement other than occupants (i.e. air flow from HVAC system or furnishing movement due to external forces) - 3 2. 3. California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Occupancy Sensor Functional Test Procedure Step 2: Simulate an occupied condition. Enter the test space. Verify and Document that the lights in the control zone turn on immediately. Note that some applications may use an occupancy sensor in conjunction with an automatic control switch, which allows the occupant to manually turn ON/OFF the lights or allow them to automatically turn off when the space is unoccupied (automatic OFF and manual ON control strategy). In this case, activation of the control switch should enable the lights and they should stay illuminated while the space is occupied. Verify and Document signal sensitivity is adequate to achieve the desired control. Ensure occupancy sensor responds to “typical” occupant movement to trigger lights back on. This may require remaining in the space throughout the time delay period to ensure the occupancy sensor continues to recognize the space is occupied. “Typical” movement pertains to the activities one may expect for the space being served, for example: light desk work; casual walking; athletic movement (i.e. fitness rooms); sitting at rest (i.e. lunch/break room). Verify and Document that the status indicator or annunciator operates correctly. Most occupancy sensors have an LED that will illuminate (typically flash) when motion is detected, where others may emit an audible sound. Additionally, if the occupant sensor is a multi-level occupant sensor • • • Verify and Document that the first stage activates between 30-70 percent of the lights either manually or automatically. This may be accomplished with a switching or dimming lighting system. Verify and Document that a reasonably uniform level of illuminance is achieved by dimming of all lamps or luminaires; or by switching alternate lamps in luminaires, alternate luminaires, or alternate rows of luminaires. Verify and Document that after the first stage occurs, manual switches have been provided to activate the alternate set of lights, activate 100 percent of the lighting power, and deactivate all of the lights. California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Occupancy Sensor Functional Test Procedure Step 3: Documentation Make sure all pass/fail criteria are initialed. Make sure functional test is signed and dated. Add notes to or modify systems manual to reflect scheduling changes. Procedure Step 4: Return system back to normal operating condition. Ensure all schedules, setpoints, operating conditions, and control parameters (especially time delays) are placed back at their initial conditions. California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Using Trends or Dataloggers to Cx Occ. Sensors Appropriate datalogger types Light status Variable light levels Amperage Power Occupancy Trend/EMS capabilities Programmed schedules Operation of lighting circuits 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/20 9/22 9/24 9/26 9/28 9/30 10/2 10/4 Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Purpose The purpose of this test is to ensure that automatic daylighting controls are installed and functioning properly. 50 1000 500 Ill u m i n an ce in space 40 0 k W w/o dayli gh tin g 30 kW 20 -500 -1000 k W w/ dayli gh tin g 10 0 12:00 AM -1500 6:00 AM 12:00 PM 6:00 PM Continuous dimming example Daylight hours are in yellow California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission -2000 12:00 AM illuminance 60 Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Acceptance Criteria pt. 1 Lighting is correctly circuited so that general lighting fixtures in the daylit area are on the automatic daylighting control controlled circuit and lighting outside of the daylit area is not on the controlled circuit.1 Photosensor has been located properly to minimize unauthorized tampering.1 The photosensor is physically separated from where calibration adjustments are made, or is capable of being calibrated in a manner that the person initiating calibration is remote from the sensor during calibration to avoid influencing calibration accuracy. 1 Photosensor is protected from direct sunlight.2 Sensor located and oriented appropriate to the control type (open or closed loop) and location of daylit area.1 Under conditions where no daylight is sensed by the control, the control system increases the light output of each fixture to the design (typically full output) light output.1 The controlled fixtures reduce lighting power to no greater than 35 percent of full-load power under fully dimmed and/or stepped conditions.1 For the continuous and stepped dimming control systems, the lamps do not “flicker” at reduced light output.1 With continuous dimming systems, the fade rate of the lights is longer than 5 seconds. 1.California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission 2. Standard Commissioning Procedure for Daylighting Controls, Seattle City Light, 1999 Closed vs. Open Daylight Controls R.A. Rundquist, T.G. McDougall, J. Benya. Lighting Controls: Patterns for Design. Electric Power Research Institute, 1996. Pg. 19. Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Acceptance Criteria pt. 2 For the stepped control systems, there is at least one intermediate step between full light output and minimum light output that reduces lighting power to between 70 and 50 percent of full-load power. Stepped dimming and stepped switching control systems have a minimum time delay of 3 minutes or greater before a decrease in electric lighting. For the stepped dimming and stepped switching control systems, the deadband between steps is sufficiently large to prevent cycling between steps for the same daylight illuminance. (Cycling of lights can also be minimized with a time delay.) For continuous dimming systems; Under partial daylight conditions, the combined daylight and electric lighting illuminance from continuously dimmable fixtures at the Reference Location is no less than the Reference Illuminance and no greater than 150 percent of the Reference Illuminance. When stepped lighting controls dim or turn off a step, the combined daylight and electric lighting illuminance from stepped dimming or stepped switching fixtures at the Reference Location is no less than the Reference Illuminance and no greater than 150 percent of the Reference Illuminance. Stepped Dimming Example California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission Reference Location and Reference Illuminance Reference Location • is defined which is served by the controlled lights and receives the least amount of daylight. Usually this is a location that is furthest away from the windows or skylights but is still served by the controlled lighting. Reference Illuminance • is defined at the Reference Location – this is the illuminance from electric lighting when no daylight is available. • can be measured at night or with black-out shades pulled. Top-lighting Daylit area Side-lighting Daylit area Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Precautions/Instructions Attach sketch (or marked-up floor plan) showing location of illuminance test points.2 For the stepped dimming and switching control systems, it is acceptable to shorten the time delay while performing the tests, but the time delay must be returned to normal operating conditions when the test is complete (at least 3 minutes).1 If there are more than 8 lighting zones in the building, you may select a sample for the following performance tests. The sample should include at least 10% of the total number of zones, or 8 zones, whichever is greater. Zones should be selected from different areas of each floor, and from different floors. Also, if banks of luminaires in spaces are controlled by separate sensors/controllers, include at least one space with two such zones, and test both zones. List all controlled zones in the test documentation and identify the specific subset of zones that will be tested.2 If there is failure in any of the following tests for more than 20% of the sampled zones then the entire daylighting control installation shall be considered to be not in conformance. 2 If the complexity, configuration, or other aspects of a specific project require substitute tests or additional tests, explain on the comments sheets, and attach the additional test procedures and field data.2 Attach to the test a description of the control sequence.2 This Commissioning Procedure does not address fire and life safety or basic equipment safety controls.2 In all test sections, circle or otherwise highlight any responses that indicate deficiencies.2 1.California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission 2. Standard Commissioning Procedure for Daylighting Controls, Seattle City Light, 1999 Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Prerequisites All luminaires in the daylit area must be wired and powered. Controls installed according to manufacturer’s instructions. Check fixture circuiting while access to wiring is relatively easy (i.e. while lift is available or before obstructions are installed).1 Simulating bright conditions with electric sources and achieving proper luminance to perform the test can be difficult. Therefore, it is recommended that the test be performed under natural bright light conditions.1 There should be no direct sun shining on the work plane at the time of testing.2 Document the initial conditions before testing. All systems must be returned to normal at the end of the test.1 Make sure finishes and furniture are in place for functional testing and sensor calibration.2 Make sure windows and skylights are clean.2 Make sure lamps have had 100 hours of burn-in before testing controls.2 1.California Title 24, Section 6, 2008 Nonresidential Compliance Manual, Acceptance Tests, California Energy Commission 2. Standard Commissioning Procedure for Daylighting Controls, Seattle City Light, 1999 Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Roles and Responsibilities Control specialist Field technician Equipment Required Light meter (illuminance or foot-candle meter) Hand-held amperage meter or power meter Logging light meter or power meter Manufacturer’s light versus power curve for continuous dimming and step dimming Ballasts Interface with lighting control system Flashlight or other light source Opaque tape to cover photo-sensor Small screw driver Time piece (watch) Radios Ladder Circuit tracer Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Procedure Step 1: Identify reference location The Reference Location is the location in zone served by the controlled lighting that is receiving the least amount of daylight. The Reference Location will be used for light level (illuminance in footcandles) measurements in subsequent tests. The Reference Location is used in testing the daylighting controls so that it can be assured that all occupants in the zone served by the controlled lighting always have sufficient light. The Reference Location can be identified using either the illuminance method or the distance method. • Illuminance method ○ Turn OFF controlled lighting and measure daylight illuminances within zone illuminated by controlled luminaires. Note that zone illuminated by controlled luminaires is not necessarily the same as the daylit area. ○ Identify the Reference Location; this is the location with lowest daylight illuminance in the zone illuminated by controlled luminaires. • Distance method ○ Identify the Reference Location; this is the location within the zone illuminated by controlled luminaires that is furthest away from daylight sources. Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Procedure Step 2: No Daylight Test The purpose of the no daylight test is to provide a baseline light level, the Reference Illuminance, against which the test professional will be comparing the performance of the system during daylit conditions. This test is also verifying that the control is providing adequate light at night. When conducting this test, the other lights in the space should be turned off. Simulate or provide conditions without daylight. This condition can be provided by any of the applicable methods: • Conducting this part of the test at night, or • Leave a logging light meter at the Reference Location(s) overnight. The logger should be collecting data on an interval no longer than 1 minute per reading, taking reading on even shorter intervals is recommended, or • Closing blinds or covering fenestration so that very little daylight enters the zone you are testing (Very little daylight is less than 1 fc for warehouses and less than 5 fc for all other occupancies), or • For open loop systems only, one may cover the photosensor to simulate no daylight conditions. Covering the sensor is not allowed for closed loop controls as we want to assure that the control will work correctly at night as well during the day. We will want to assure that the light output is above 70 percent of the rated light output or within 20 percent of the design illuminance. Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Procedure Step 3: Full daylight test Simulate or provide bright conditions so that the illuminance (fc) from daylight only at the Reference Location identified in Step 1 is greater than 150 percent of the Reference Illuminance (fc) measured at this location during the no daylight test documented in Step 2. o Simulating a bright condition can be accomplished by opening all shading devices to allow natural daylight into the space o If natural conditions are not adequate at the time of the test, shine a bright flashlight or other light source onto the photosensor. o Temporarily change the setpoint to a very low value for the duration of this test. Then return the setpoint to its normal setting. Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Procedure Step 4: Partial daylight test. Simulate or provide bright conditions where illuminance (fc) from daylight only at the Reference Location is between 60 and 95 percent of Reference Illuminance (fc) documented in Step 2. These partial daylight illuminance conditions can be achieved by: o Scheduling the test so that daylight conditions are within this fairly broad range of illuminances. o Adjusting blinds and louvers Verify and document measured combined illuminance of daylight and controlled electric lighting (fc) at the Reference Location Verify and document this measured illuminance is no less than the Reference Illuminance documented in Step 2, and Verify and document this measured illuminance is no greater than 150 percent of the Reference Illuminance (fc) documented in Step 2 Automatic Daylight Controls Functional Test Procedure Step 5: Documentation Make sure all pass/fail criteria are initialed. Make sure functional test is signed and dated. Add notes to or modify systems manual to reflect scheduling changes. Procedure Step 6: Return system back to normal operating condition. Ensure all schedules, setpoints, operating conditions, and control parameters (especially time delays) are placed back at their initial conditions. With daylight controls, special care must be taken to insure that system is in auto (not manual) mode. Using Trends or Dataloggers to Cx Daylight Controls Appropriate datalogger types • • • • • • Variable light levels at work-plane Variable light levels at sensor Variable light levels outside building Light status if stepped controls Amperage Power Light exterior, light interior and power data Design illuminance (corresponds to 25 FC) 150% of reference illuminance (38 FC) Trend/EMS capabilities • Programmed schedules • Operation of lighting circuits Photo sensor data for exterior lighting controls Universal Translator Translator (UT) Software Manages data from multiple sources • • • • Dataloggers Trend data from energy management systems Utility billing data Climate data Visualization capabilities Processed data can be exported Includes building diagnostic tools Three-year PIER-funded effort began in 2011 Get UT at www.utonline.org Schedule Control Functional Test Example Performance issues • Schedules are not programmed correctly • Holidays are not included as “off” hours • Relay failures • Circuits are not connected to relays • Control system clock is inaccurate • Lighting controls are not attributed to correct areas Failed relay report Basement circuit runs 24/7 Basement circuit after Cx Occupancy Control Functional Test Example Performance issues garage lights occupancy 16 3 14 • Data indicates lights do not shut down when garage is unoccupied. • Sensors adjusted for sensitivity so lights come on as people enter the space • Sensors adjusted for 15 minute time delay. 2.5 12 2 10 8 1.5 6 1 4 0.5 2 0 0 3/9/04 12:00 AM 3/10/04 12:00 AM 3/11/04 12:00 AM 3/12/04 12:00 AM 3/13/04 12:00 AM 3/14/04 12:00 AM 3/15/04 12:00 AM 3/16/04 12:00 AM Basement circuit runs 24/7 Occupancy is intermittent Intensity (L/sf) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 09/18/96 09/20/96 09/22/96 09/24/96 09/26/96 09/28/96 09/30/96 10/02/96 Post commissioning light data 10/04/96 Daylight Control Functional Test Example Dimmable lighting circuit sky pow er Verification 500 60 450 50 400 350 40 30 250 watts 300 klux • Light levels in space are maintained between 46 & 35fc during scheduled hours; 46fc is < 150% of reference illuminance. • Layering of daylight controls and schedule controls is effective. • Lights do not flicker when dimmed. • Daylight sensor located in tamperfree location. 200 20 150 100 10 50 0 8/4/2011 9:00 8/4/2011 21:00 8/5/2011 9:00 8/5/2011 21:00 8/6/2011 9:00 8/6/2011 21:00 8/7/2011 9:00 8/7/2011 21:00 8/8/2011 9:00 8/8/2011 21:00 0 8/9/2011 9:00 Circuit power drops as light in skylight increases. Dimming lighting circuit 2 sky • Under full daylight illuminance conditions, lights do not dim to 35% of full power (140 watts). light in skylight (klux) Performance issues 0.6 50 0.5 40 0.4 30 0.3 20 0.2 10 0.1 0 8/4/2011 9:00 8/4/2011 21:00 8/5/2011 9:00 8/5/2011 21:00 8/6/2011 9:00 8/6/2011 21:00 8/7/2011 9:00 8/7/2011 21:00 8/8/2011 9:00 8/8/2011 21:00 Space maintains 35 fc at reference location light in space (klux) table 60 0 8/9/2011 9:00 Functional Testing Lessons Learned Remember to perform prerequisites for safety – notify occupants and identify egress plans. Controls programmer must “send” control program to memory in panels for lights to respond. There is a learning curve for any new control system/software; plan on spending some time learning the system interface. Document existing control set-points so no changes are missed as system is “returned to normal”. Control systems may provide diagnostics for failures, but these can not be counted on 100%. Align operation of lighting controls with current usage patterns of building. Document functional test results and control changes in systems manual. Regularly check lighting control operation and failed relay reports to identify emerging lighting control issues. Daylight test works best on sunny days in a space with operable, black-out shades. Make sure to label failed relays as “bad”. Keep spare relays on hand. Lighting References and Resources Advanced Lighting Guidelines: 2003 Edition http://www.algonline.org/ Lighting Fundamentals Handbook Free through EPRI http://my.epri.com/ EPRI Guide on Lighting Controls http://www.lightingassociates.org/i/u/2127806/f/tech_sheets/Lighting_Controls_Patterns_for_Design.pdf Occupancy Sensor Design and Application Guide http://www.wattstopper.com/getdoc/419/OSappsNewDesignFinal.pdf Daylighting guidelines ─ http://windows.lbl.gov/pub/designguide/default.html ─ http://www.energydesignresources.com/technology/daylighting http://www.energydesignresources.com/technology/daylighting--design.aspx SkyCalc (Skylight Calculator) http://www.energydesignresources.com/Resources/SoftwareTools/SkyCalc.aspx Lighting References and Resources Cont. Functional Testing Guide www.peci.org/ftguide/index.htm California’s Title 2424-Section 6 Acceptance Tests http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/ Table of Standard Fixture Wattages • • • http://www.nationalgridus.com/non_html/shared_energyeff_super_t8.pdf http://www.oncor.com/pdf/programs/objectives/smci_lighting_tab.pdf http://www.masssave.com/~/media/Files/Professional/Applications--and http://www.masssave.com/~/media/Files/Professional/Applications and--Rebate Rebate-Forms/2011_Retrofit_MA_Lighting_Device_Codes_03--02Forms/2011_Retrofit_MA_Lighting_Device_Codes_03 02-2011.ashx Universal Translator Software www.utonline.org Pacific Energy Center’s Tool Lending Library www.pge.com/pec/tll PG&E Lighting Incentives http://www.pge.com/includes/docs/pdfs/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/incentivesbyindustry/lighting_c atalog_final.pdf AIA Quality Assurance Portland Energy Conservation, Inc is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Thanks for your attention! Ryan Stroupe Building Performance Program Coordinator Pacific Energy Center 851 Howard Street San Francisco, CA 94103 415.973.7257 r2s2@pge.com