ENERGY CONSERVATION
Using Technologies Developed
at
the Heat Pump Laboratory at IIT Bombay, HPL_IITB
Indian Patents Filed 20
(12 Granted + 2 defended/awaiting grant + 6 being examined)
Several Technologies Developed / Transferred / Licensed / Commercialized
Milind V Rane, PhD
Institute Chair Professor and Energy Technology Consultant
Heat Pump Laboratory, HPL_IITB
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai 400 076 INDIA
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 31/03/2011 at the Indian Navy Material Organization, Ghatkopar
Saved as G:\CONSULT\Posters\ECuHP+31032012.ppt file last updated on 31/03/2012 at 12:55 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 1
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
• Brief Overview of Various Technologies
 Exhaust heat recovery; Electric and Heat Driven Multi-Utility Heat Pumps, Renewables
• Need and Scope for Super Heat Recovery, Heat Pumps and Novel Solar Collectors
• Applications of Super Heat Recovery Water Heater and Heat Pumps
 Review of Conventional Heat Exchangers used for Heat Recovery
 Salient Features of the Novel Patented Tube-Tube Heat Exchanger (TT_HE)
• Case Studies along with Economics for SHR_WH and Heat Pumps
 60 TR R22 chiller at a Hotel; 270 TR R717 refrigeration system at a Dairy; 8.3 TR R22 Air Cooled
Ductable Split Air Conditioner at Fast Food Outlet
 33 kWh MU_HP Solution Heater at Automotive Factory; 1.2 TR Ground Water Coupled AC at an
Institute; 36 kWh Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater for Buildings
• Various Novel Solar Collectors and their Salient Features





Plastic Solar Air Heaters for Applications Upto 90oC
EGT based Solar Air Heaters for Applications Upto 300oC
EGT + Heat Pipe based Solar Steam Generators for Applications Upto 100oC at 1 bar
EGT + Heat Pipe based LD Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pumps Upto 150oC at 1 bar
EGT Solar Adsorption Refrigerator Cum Water Heater 5oC Cooling and 50oC Hot Water
• Conclusions
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 2
EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY UNITS
Deployed on 50 kW to 7.5 MW Gas Turbines, 135 kW to 6 MW DG Sets
Applications: Heating Air / Water / Thermic Fluid, Generating Steam / NH3/H2O Solution / Liquid Desiccants
Heat Sources: Exhaust of Engines & Gensets Diesel / Gas / FO / Biogas, Turbines Gas / Biogas , Furnaces, Stenters
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 3
MULTI_UTILITY HEAT PUMPS & SHR_WHS
MU_HP deployed as 3.52 kW Residential to 55 kW Industrial Heating
SHR_WH deployed on 1 TR to 270 TR Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems
Applications: Heating Air / Water / Process Fluid, Cooling Air / Water / Potable Water / Process Streams
Vented Double Wall Tube-Tube Heat Exchanger, TT_HE Reliability Proven: SHR_WH operating over 8 years without service call
Installations at McDonalds, Mahindra & Mahindra , Worli Dairy, Hotel Faryaz, Club Mahindra, ENT Clinic, Homes, Hostel, etc
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 4
SORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Hybrid Air Conditioners Energy Efficient AC using Liquid Desiccant
Shipboard Chilling System Engine Exhaust used to Chill Water
Liquid Desiccant based Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pump AC + Potable Water + Hot Water
Diabatic Contacting Devices Enable Effective Heat and Mast Transfer with High Surface Density at Low Gas Phase Pressure Drop
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 5
DEVELOPMENTS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
Plastic Wind Mill 0.125 kW @ 6 m/s Plastic Solar Air Heaters Air In/Out 29 / 60 to 90oC
Solar Steam Generator 1 bar @ 100oC Solar Refrigerator Cum Water Heater
Solar Air Heaters Air In/Out 29 / 150 to 300oC
Light Weight - Low Cost - Roof Mountable Systems of All Sectors Residential, Commercial and Industrial Use
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 6
HEAT PUMPS
Need and Scope
• Improve Life Cycle Cost
 Lower operating cost due to higher overall energy efficiency
 Peak demand for domestic water heating can be reduced by over 95%
 Co-production of multiple utilities using a single system helps reduce space, initial cost and
maintenance
• Energy Conservation
 Co or tri-generation of cold, hot and/or dehumidification utilities
 Super heat recovery with chiller COP and/or capacity improvement
 Preheating of boiler feed water, which is free if primary useful effect is cooling and vice versa
• Environmental Friendly
 Co-production of multiple utilities helps improve cooling capacities/COP and reduce refrigerant
charge
 Thermal pollution reduced by gainfully recovering heat rejection from the condenser in air cooled
or water cooled mode
 CO2 emissions reduced
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 7
VARIOUS TYPES
OF
HEAT PUMPS
• Vapour Compression: Electric Motor or Direct Engine Coupled




Heating only
Heating in winter and cooling and dehumidification in summer/monsoon
Simultaneous cooling and heating
Multi-utility generator for simultaneously catering to air-conditioning, water heating and potable
water chilling
• Absorption and Adsorption: Waste Heat or Solar Driven or Biogas/Biomass Fired
 Co or tri-generation of cold, hot and/or dehumidification utilities




Solar refrigerator cum water heater
Solar cold store cum dryer
Biogas fired cold store cum dryer
Solar cold store cum dryer with biogas backup
 Shipboard fish chilling system using engine exhaust heat
 Tractor cabin air conditioner using hot water from engine
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 8
SUPER HEAT RECOVERY WATER HEATER
Generate Cold and Hot Utilities Simultaneously using SHR_WH
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 9
AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMPS
Coupled with Outdoor or Indoor Air
• Air Source Heat Pumps can Offer Higher COP Compared to Air Cooled AC or Electric Heaters
 Air conditioning and refrigeration applications – condenser heat is recovered as hot water,
heated process fluid, regenerated liquid desiccant or to meet drying needs
 Heating applications – evaporator picks up heat from outdoor air and provides 2 to 4 times
more heat compared to electric heaters
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 10
SUPER HEAT RECOVERY WATER HEATER
Applications of SHR_WH
• Residential Buildings and Complexes
 Simultaneous space cooling, water heating for bathing, dish washing, cloth drying, etc.
• Commercial --- Hotels, Restaurants, Hospitals, etc.
 Space cooling, water heating/preheating and simultaneous production of cold and hot water
streams, sea water desalination or water purification, liquid desiccant regeneration.
• Industrial --- Dairy, Pharmaceuitical, Textile, Chemical Process, etc.
 Water heating/preheating, air conditioning and simultaneous generation of cold and hot water
stream, condenser to re-boiler heat pumping.
 Cogeneration of air conditioning and hot water for process heating, boiler feed water heating or
preheating.
 Cogeneration of air conditioning and hot water for heating/preheating dryer air, sea water
desalination or water purification, liquid desiccant regeneration.
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 11
SUPER HEAT RECOVERY HEAT EXCHANGERS
Impact on Fuel Usage and Economic Benefits
Impact on Fuel/Electric Usage
• Chiller/Refrigeration System: up to 20% Increase in COP and Electric Usage
• Water Heater/Steam Generator: 100% Fuel Saving
Economic Benefits
• Low Exchanger Cost: Heat Recovery Units may have Lower Initial Cost Compared to Oil
Fired Systems
• Low Maintenance Charges: Online, quick, chemical descaling is possible, while the
chiller/refrigeration system is in operation
• Low Payback Periods: Usually in the Range of 3 to 12 months (without accounting for 100%
depreciation)
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 12
SUPER HEAT RECOVERY WATER HEATER
Generate Cold and Hot Utilities Simultaneously using SHR_WH
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 13
ISSUES RELAVENT
TO
DESIGN
OF
HR_WHs
Systems Need to be Custom Designed and Optimized
• Design Should be Arrived at After Giving Due Consideration to
 Variation in Load Pattern: design load
 Specific Process Requirements: mode of heat recovery, in the form of potable hot water, boiler feed
water, direct heating of process fluids or sea water for desalination, regeneration of liquid desiccant
 Water Quality: passage dimensions
 Concept and Culture of Maintenance: reflects on water passage dimension
 Choice of Wetted Material: Tube MOC has to be appropriately selected and wall thickness is to be
determined based on corrosion characteristics and expected life
• Variables that Play an Important Role in Design Optimization
 Pressure Drop on Refrigerant Side: affects size, weight and cost; specially capacity of the
chiller/refrigeration unit may reduce if not designed properly
 Refrigerant Velocities: oil return and heat transfer coefficients
 Water Velocities: fouling, heat transfer coefficients and pumping costs
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 14
CO-GENERATION USING HR_WH
How much Energy can be Recovered?
Super Heat Recovery from Water Cooled
• R22 Chillers
10 to 15% of TCD
 Heating tap water to 60 to 65oC
40 to 60 kW/100 TR
• R717 Refrigeration System
 Heating tap water to 70 to 75oC
Total Condenser Heat Recovery from Air Cooled
• R22 and R717 Cold Store Refrigeration Systems
 Heating tap water to 45 to 50oC
Total Condenser Heat Recovery from Air Cooled
• R22 and R717 Heat Pump Chillers
 Heating tap water to 50 to 55oC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
12 to 18% of TCD
60 to 100 kW/100 TR
90 to 95% of TCD
330 to 390 kW/100 TR
90 to 95% of TCD
330 to 390 kW/100 TR
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 15
TUBE-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
Sectional View of Patented Vented Double Wall: 1-1 TT_HE Module
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 16
HEAT RECOVERY WATER HEATER
Generate Cold and Hot Utilities Simultaneously using SHR_WH or HP
Features of Patented Tube_Tube Heat Exchangers (TT_HE):
• Novel Modular Design: Vented tube-tube design, starting with 0.5 TR module with
increments of 1 and 5 TR, no upper limit for chiller capacity
• Safe Integration in to the System: Vented design ensures no mixing of refrigerant and water,
SHR_WH can be isolated while chiller is on line
• Simple to Retrofit: Only the tube/pipe between compressor and condenser is tapped into to
install the SHR_WH
• High Heat Transfer Coefficients: Novel tubular exchangers optimized for high heat transfer
coefficients at low pressure drops on water/refrigerant sides
• Material of Construction: Wide choice of MOC, optimized based on the application, SS
316L, SS 316, SS 304L, Mild Steel, Carbon Steel, Copper
• Easy to Maintain: Can be cleaned in place using Chemical Descaling Fluids while keeping
the chiller/refrigeration system online
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 17
HEAT RECOVERY WATER HEATER
Generate Cold and Hot Utilities Simultaneously using SHR_WH and HP
Features of Patented Tube_Tube Heat Exchangers (TT_HE):
• Heats Tap Water to 60oC: 500 to 870 litre/h water heated from a 60 TR R22 based
reciprocating chillers
• Heats Tap Water to 75oC: 720 to 1700 litre/h water heated from a 135 TR Ammonia (R717)
refrigeration system used in typical dairy application
• Heats Oil up to 90oC: 720 to 1700 litre/h water heated from a 15 TR R22 based air cooled
ductable split air conditioner in automotive industry
• Instant Supply of Hot Water: Start hot water recovery within five minutes
• Energy Saving: 100% of fuel used for water heating is saved and 5 to 15% of electrical
power is saved due to improved Cooling COP of the chiller/refrigeration system
• Increased Cooling Capacity: 5 to 20% increase in cooling/refrigeration capacity for a given
compressor
• Attractive Payback: Typically 3 to 6 month for SHR_WH and 6 to 18 month for HP
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 18
CASE STUDY
Super Heat Recovery Water Heater at Hotel Fariyas, Colaba
• Chiller Capacity
60 TR (211.2 kWc )
 R22 York Reciprocating Compressor
• Temperature of Refrigerant, In/Out
• Temperature of Water, In/Out
95/63oC
30/60oC
 SHRWH is installed in co-current mode
• Hot Water Flowrate
• Fuel Saving Reported
870 l/h
81 l HSD/day
• Annual Savings
Rs 10 Lakh/yr
• Reduction in CO2 Emissions
• Simple Payback
990 tonne in 9 year
3 to 6 month
 Without accounting for electricity saving due to improved COP
 Without accounting for 80% depreciation
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 19
SHR_WH FOR HOTEL FARIYAZ, COLABA 60 TR R22 WCC
Operating for Over Nine Years without a Single Service Call
Free Water Heating 12,000 to 24,000 lpd, from 30 C to 60oC, Chiller Power Saving ~20%, Capacity Increase ~30%
SHRWH
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 20
CASE STUDY
Super Heat Recovery Water Heater at Worli, Dairy
• Refrigeration System Capacity
270 TR (950 kWc )
 R717 Kirloskar Reciprocating Compressor
• Temperature of Refrigerant, In/Out
• Temperature of Water, In/Out
115/60oC
25/70oC
 SHRWH is installed in counter-current mode
• Hot Water Flowrate
• Fuel Saving Expected
70,000 l/day
390 l FO/day
• Annual Savings
Rs 23 Lakh/yr
• Reduction in CO2 Emissions
• Simple Payback
330 tonne/year
6 month
 Without accounting for electricity saving due to improved COP
 Without accounting for 80% depreciation
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 21
SHR_WH
FOR McDI 8.3 TR R22 AC_DSAC
SHR_WH along with Grundfos Water Pump: Before and After Installation in the ODU
Free Water Heating 240 lph, Water Heated from 27oC to 60oC, AC Power Saving 12 to 15.6%
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 22
AIR & WATER TO WATER MULTI-UTILITY HEAT
PUMP Energy Efficient Heating for M&M Kandivili
Heat Duty 33 kW, Power Input 11 kW, Heater Power Saving 60 to 70%, Solution Heated up to 55oC
Bonus Utilities Generated: Cooling of Shop Floor and Potable Chilled Water 300 lph at 18oC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 23
HEAT PUMP
for Washing Machine Coolant Heating on Washing M/C # 1729
• Novel Design Generate Hot and Cold Utilities Simultaneously
 Synclean solution heating from
 Heating duty
 Heating COP
 Power input
 Potable water cooling from
 Water flow rate
 Air conditioning, cooling plant air from
 Cooling duty
50 to 55oC
33 kW
3
11 kW
30 to 18oC
300 L/h
30 to 25oC
23 kW
• Low Operating Costs
 Electric power consumption reduced by 60 to 70%,
~ 22 kW
• Lower Initial Cost
 Compared to the electric heater + water cooler + air conditioner
• Compact Design
 Same footprint as that of Split Air Conditioner
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 24
HEAT PUMP
for Washing Machine Coolant Heating on Washing M/C # 1729
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 25
PERFORMANCE
OF
33 kWh HEAT PUMP
for Washing Machine Coolant Heating on Washing M/C # 1729
Mode of Operation
Synclean Solution Heating Capacity
Potable Water Cooling Capacity
Plant Air Cooling Capacity
Total Utility Produced (Heating + Cooling)
Power consumed by the Heat Pump
Power consumed by the Synclean Pump
Total Power Consumption
Electric
Heating
33 kW
33 kW
HP
SH+WC
33 kW
4.1 kW
23 kW
60.1 kW
33 kW
10 kW
1 kW
11 kW
• Saving in Power Consumption
66%
• Addition Cooling Utilities Co-Generated
27.1 kW
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 26
CASE STUDY
Heat Pump Installation on Washing M/C # 1729 at M&M Kandivli
Utilities Produced
Synclean Solution Heating to 55oC
Potable Water Cooling
Air Conditioning
ESH
66 kW
HP
33 kW
4.1 kW
6.5 TR
Power Consumed
Electric Solution Heater (ESH) @ (2+8) h/day
ESH
66 kW
HP
2 h preheating @ 100% duty and 8 h @ 50% duty cycle
Heat Pump (HP) @ (4+8) h/day
Solution Pumps @ (4+8) h/day
10 kW
1 kW
4 h preheating @ 100% duty and 8 h @ 100% duty cycle
Total Power Consumption
Reduction in Power Consumption
396 kWh/day
132 kWh/day
66%
Total Operating Cost @ 4 Rs/kWh
Saving in Operating Cost
1584 Rs/day
528 Rs/day
1045 Rs/day
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 27
CASE STUDY
Heat Pump Installation on Washing M/C # 1729 at M&M Kandivli
• Total Capital Cost of Heat Pump Installation
 Danfoss Scroll Compressor, Controller, Fans
and Accessories
 Solution Pump, Plumbing, Installation, etc
 Consultancy on HP Integration
Rs 4.10 Lakh
Rs 1.6 Lakh
Rs 1.0 Lakh
Rs 1.5 Lakh
• Saving in Operating Cost
Rs 1045/day
• Annual Savings in Operating Cost
Rs 3.13 Lakh
• Simple Payback for Other Installation
< 1.5 year
 One shift operation
 Without accounting for the initial investment required for
 the equipment needed for generating cold utilities and
 the cost of operating the cold utility generators
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 28
MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMPS: MU_HP
Generating Multiple Cold and Hot Utilities Simultaneously since June 2003
Novel 4 in 1 Heat Pumps
• Novel Design: 4 in 1 unit with provision for air conditioning, water heating, potable water
cooling and cloth drying
• Integrated System: Includes tap water heater and potable water cooler
• 24 hour Supply of Hot and Cold Water: Storage required
• Simple to Operate: Simply turn on the hot or chilled water tap to draw water
• Chills Potable Water to 18oC: 0.5 L/min or 30 L/h
• Heats Tap Water to 45oC: 3 to 4.5 L/min or 180 to 270 L/h in a 1.5 TR AC
• Low Operating Costs: 60 to 70% reduction in operating costs
• Lower Initial Cost: Compared to the conventional air conditioner + electric water heater +
water cooler
• Compact Design: Same footprint as that of Window or Split Air Conditioner
• Maintenance Free: Operating for over 9 year at Prof Rane’s Residence in IITB
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 29
AIR & WATER TO WATER MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP
Energy Efficient Process Fluid Heating and Simultaneous AC and Water Cooling
for Small Scale Industries and Agro Processing Units
Heating Duty 36 kWh
Water Heating from 50 to 55oC
Power Input
12 kWe
Heater Power
Saving
60 to 70%
Bonus Utility
Generated
Chilled Water 4.2 kWc
Water Chilled from 12 to 7oC
Air Cooling 19.8 to 24 kWc
Indoor Temperature 27 to 18oC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 30
3rd BRY-AIR AWARDS FOR EXCELLANCE IN HVAC&R 2007-08
Multi-Utility Heat Pumps Won the Runner-Up Trophy in the Product Category
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 31
HEAT PUMP
for Water Heating in Residential Complexes or Buildings
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 32
WATER TO WATER MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP
Energy Efficient Water Heating and Simultaneous Water Chilling for Hotels
Heating Duty 55 kWh
Water Heating from 27 to 60oC
Power Input
15 kWe
Heater Power
Saving
60 to 70%
Bonus Utility
Generated
Chilled Water 43 kWc
Water Chilled from 12 to 7oC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 33
PERFORMANCE
OF
36 kWh HEAT PUMP
for Simultaneous Water Heating, Potable Water Cooling and Air Cooling
Mode of Operation
Water Heating Capacity
Potable Water Cooling Capacity
Air Cooling Capacity
Total Utility Produced (Heating + Cooling)
Power consumed by the Heat Pump
Power consumed by the Water Pump
Total Power Consumption
Electric
Heating
36 kW
36 kW
HP
WH+WC
36 kW
4.2 kW
24 kW
64.2 kW
36 kW
11 kW
< 1 kW
12 kW
• Saving in Power Consumption
66%
• Addition Cooling Utilities Co-Generated
28.2 kW
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 34
CASE STUDY
Multi-Utility Heat Pump Installation: Cost Benefit Analysis
Utilities Produced
Water Heating from 25 to 55 C
Potable Water Cooling from 30 to 18 C
Air Conditioning from 30 to 25 C
Power Consumed
Electric Water Heater (EWH)
ESH
36 kW
ESH
432 kW
HP
36 kW
4.2 kW
6.8 TR
HP
2 h heating @ 3 kW each heater x 144 heaters 50% duty
Heat Pump (HP) @ (4+8) h/day
Solution Pumps @ (4+8) h/day
12 kW
0.5 kW
12 h heating @ 100% duty
Total Power Consumption
Reduction in Power Consumption
Total Operating Cost @ 5 Rs/kWh
Saving in Operating Cost
432 kWh/day
Peak Demand with out accounting for cooing demand
Reduction in Peak Demand
216 kW
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
2160 Rs/day
150 kWh/day
65%
750 Rs/day
1410 Rs/day
12.5 kW
94.2 %
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 35
CASE STUDY
Multi-Utility Heat Pump Installation: Cost Benefit Analysis
36 kW Heating
• Total Capital Cost of MU_HP Installation
 Multi-Utility Heat Pump
 Estimated Solution Pump, Plumbing, Installation, etc
 Consultancy on MU_HP Integration
Rs 10.00 Lakh
Rs 8.10 Lakh
Rs 1.4 Lakh
Rs 0.5 Lakh
• Saving in Operating Cost
• Annual Savings in Operating Cost
Rs 1440/day
Rs 5.26 Lakh
1 MW Heating can be Catered to with 28 MU_HPs
• Total Capital Cost of MU_HP Installation for 1 MW Heating
• Capital Cost of 1 MW Conventional Power Plant
Rs 2.78 Crore
Rs 4.00 Crore
• Annual Savings in Operating Cost
Rs 1.47 Crore
• Simple Payback for MU_HP Installation
< 1.5 year
Without accounting for the initial investment required for the equipment needed for generating cold utilities, the cost of
operating the cold utility generators and initial investment required for additional conventional power plant
SHR_WHs will be even more attractive because of lower initial cost per kW heating and no power consumption
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 36
AIR & WATER TO WATER MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP
Energy Efficient Process Fluid Heating and Simultaneous AC and Water Cooling
for Small Scale Industries and Agro Processing Units
Heating Duty 18 kWh
Water Heating from 48 to 60oC
Power Input
6 kWe
Heater Power
Saving
60 to 70%
Bonus Utility
Generated
Chilled Water 4.2 kWc
Water Chilled from 12 to 7oC
Air Cooling 7.8 to 12 kWc
Indoor Temperature 27 to 18oC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 37
GROUND COUPLED HEAT PUMPS
Coupled with Surface Soil , Bed Rock, Bore Well
Di Pietro
• Ground Coupled Heat Pumps can Offer Higher COP Compared to Air Source Heat Pumps
 Air conditioning and refrigeration applications – condenser heat is rejected in to lower
temperature ground as compared to ambient air
 Heating applications – evaporator picks up heat from higher temperature ground source as
compared to ambient air
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 38
GROUND WATER COOLED AIR CONDITIONERS
1 TR GWC_AC for IIM Ahmedabad
• Novel Condenser Design
•
•
•
 Uses patented Tube-Tube Heat Exchanger (TT_HE) as Ground Water Cooled Condenser
Design Specifications for Energy Efficient Room Air Conditioner
 Nominal cooling capacity
3.5 kWc (1 TR)
 Room Temperature Specified / Recommended
24 / 27oC
 Supplemented by ceiling fan at low speed if required
 Ground water supply
780 L/h @ 27oC
Low Operating Costs compared to Conventional Window Air Conditioner (WAC)
 Electric power consumption reduced by
15 to 20%
 Increase cooling capacity
25 to 30%
 Increased cooling Coefficient of Performance, COPc
45 to 60%
Compact Design
 Currently size as conventional Window/Split Air Conditioner (W&SAC)
 Future unit of GWC_AC can be more compact as compared to W&SAC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 39
GROUND WATER COUPLED AIR CONDITIONERS
1 TR GWC_AC for IIM Ahmedabad
Cooling Duty Increase 26% , COP Increase 43% , Water 28.5 to 34.6oC @ 780 lph
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 40
ENERGY EFFICIENT INSTANT WATER COOLER
Radiant Heat Rejection Panel from the Condenser
Features of EE_IWC
• Chilled Drinking Water
 Delivered at
 Instant cooling effect
50 lph
18oC
• Filtered Warm Water is Coproduced
915 mm
• Energy Efficient System
 Lower power consumption
480 to 500 W
 Novel Design, Radiant Cooled Condenser
• Ease of Servicing
•
2438 mm
1390 mm
 Fin tube condenser coil and fan is absent
Option to Conceal Aqua Guard Water Flter
• Footprint of the System is Very Small
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 41
AIR CONDITIONING USING PLASTIC PANEL
Coupled with a Water to Water Heat Pump (WW_HP)
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
•
Cost of a 1 TR Panel
 Rs 500, 1/10th the cost of conventional FCU
•
Dual Use
 Can be used for heating and cooling
•
Reduces Air Conditioning Costs
 Effective dehumidification using 7 to 17oC
chilled water
 Very low chilled water side pressure drop,
<0.1m H2O
 Spot cooling can help reduce cooling load
 18’ L x 15’ W x 12’ H room is conditioned using
1 TR Heat Pump
•
Low Noise
 Indoor panel is an all plastic unit without a fan,
existing ceiling fan can be used
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 42
HEATING SYSTEM
FOR
GAIETY THEATRE SIMLA
Design Considerations
• Desired Indoor Conditions
 Dry Bulb Temperature 20 to 24oC
 Relative Humidity
30 to 40% in winter
• Outdoor Conditions
 Dry Bulb Temperature




January / May
-2.9oC
/ 8.6oC
1.9oC
/ 14.4oC
8.6oC
/ 22.9oC
/ August
/ 13.3oC
/ 15.1oC
/ 20.2oC
/ November
/ 3.3oC (mean lowest of the month)
/ 6.8oC (mean monthly minimum)
/ 14.4oC (mean monthly maximum)
• Occupancy
 Multipurpose Hall
 Usage
300 to 350 persons
Intermittent not for 24 hours & on all days
• Design
 Non-intrusive system requiring less breakage of walls
• High Energy Efficiency, Low Noise, High Reliability
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 43
HEATING SYSTEM
FOR
GAIETY THEATRE SIMLA
Design Conditions
• Space to be Conditioned
 30 m L x 15 m W x 4.2 m H wall & 9.75 m H roof apex
100 ft L x 50 ft W x 14 ft H wall & 32 ft roof apex
• Occupancy
 Multipurpose Hall
 Usage
300 persons
Intermittent
 not for 24 hours & on all days
• Design Requirements
 Non-intrusive system requiring less breakage of walls
• Indoor Conditions
 Dry Bulb Temperature
 Relative Humidity
23 + 2oC
35 + 5% in winter
• Outdoor Conditions
 Dry Bulb Temperature
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
-2oC
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 44
HEATING SYSTEM
FOR
GAIETY THEATRE SIMLA
Heat Pump Coupled Radiant Heating System
• Low Noise
 Due to absence of fans or use of very low speed fans
• Simple to Install and High Portability
 Hangs on the walls with the help of 4 to 6 screw
• Low Energy Consumption
 1 kWh electrical power consumed delivers more than 3 kWh heat
 Small electrical connected load, 1/3 that of conventional electric systems
• High Reliability and Long Lasting
 10 to 15 year life
• Aesthetically Appealing: Floor Space Not Required
• Initial Cost
 1800 to 2300 Rs/m2 floor area for 2.5 to 4 m ceiling/roof height
 2700 to 3200 Rs/m2 floor area for 7 to 9 m ceiling/roof height
• Expected Payback: 1.5 year
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 45
HEATING SYSTEM
FOR
GAIETY THEATRE SIMLA
Outdoor Unit (Left) & Indoor Radiant Panel (Right) for Heating Duty 1 TR, COPh 3
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 46
HEAT PUMP
for Dehumidified Fresh Air with Hot and Cold Water
• Novel Design Generate Hot and Cold Utilities Simultaneously
 Hot Water: 10,000 lpd, heating from 25 to 55oC
 Heating duty
 Heating COP
 Power input
348.3 kWh ~30 kW for 12 h
3
116.1 kWh ~10 kW for 12 h
 Chilled Potable Water: 200 lpd, cooling from 25 to 10oC
 Dehumidified Fresh Air, supplied to freshen-up the rooms 20 to 25oC
 Cooling duty
230 kWh
• Low Operating Costs
 Electric power consumption reduced by 66 to 75%, about 25 kW
• Lower Initial Cost
 Compared to the electric heater + water cooler + air conditioner
• Compact Design
 Same footprint as that of out door unit of a split air conditioner
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 47
MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP WITH CONTACTING DEVICE
Tri-Generation of Air-Conditioning, Hot Water and Prechilled Potable Water
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 48
MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP WITH CONTACTING DEVICE
Energy Efficient Air Conditioning using Novel Evaporative Condensation at McDonalds
Conventional AC Duty 24 TR, Power Input 1.01 kWe/TR, Power Saving 25 to 36%, Water Heated up to 55oC
Bonus Utilities Generated: AC of Kitchen, Water Heated 500 lph at 55oC and Potable Chilled Water 300 lph at 18oC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 49
COMPARISON OF DEHUMIDIFICATION PROCESSES
State Points on Psychrometric Chart
Humidity Ratio, g/kg Dry Air
r
r y Ai
/kg D
e, m3
10
0.95
olum
6
7
0.83
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
0
70%
40%
30%
0.79
0
-10
ific V
Spec
0.85
4
0.81
10
1
5
3
10
0.77
1-5-6-7-4 Adiabatic Deep
Dehumidification followed by
Sensible Cooling and Direct
Evaporative Cooling
2
30
1-5-4
Adiabatic Dehumidification
followed by Sensible Cooling
20
0.89
1-4
Hybrid Cooling System
A Heat Pump delivering Cooling
during Dehumidification along
with Regeneration of Liquid Desiccant
using Condenser Heat
90
0.93
1-2-3-4 Conventional Vapour
Compression System
0.91
10
0%
30
10%
20
30
ati
Rel
ve
40
it
mid
Hu
y
50
o
Temperature, C
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 50
HYBRID COOLING SYSTEM
Schematic Representation of Refrigerant and LD Circuits
Absorber/In
Door Contacting
Device
Regenerator/Out
Door Contacting
Device
Contacting Disc
Fan
Fan
In Door Air
Conditioned Air
Ambient Air
Square Shaft
Strong LD
Compressor
Trough
Rfrigerant Vapour
Weak LD
Throttle Value
LD Pump
LD Pump
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
SHE
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 51
HYBRID AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM: HEAT PUMP!
Cooling Using VCS and Dehumidification Using Liquid Desiccant
ICD
OCD
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
Novel Contacting Device in ICD and
OCD
Large surface density
 465 to 600 m2/m3
No carryover of LD
Low pressure drop
 5 to 10 mm H2O
Features and Advantages
Increase in Cooling Capacity
 20 to 40% for a given compressor
Energy Saving
 30 to 60% compared to conventional
practice
Modular Design
 2 to 50 kW cooling capacity
Low Initial Cost
 compared to conventional solid or
liquid desiccant based systems
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 52
HYBRID COOLING SYSTEM
System Components
• Absorber / ICD




Indoor air is cooled and dehumidified
Novel Contacting Device
Heat of absorption extracted by evaporator of VCS
LD temperature is 20oC
• Regenerator / OCD




LD is regenerated by rejecting moisture into ambient air
Novel Contacting Device
Regeneration heat is supplied by Condenser of VCS
LD is heated to 49oC
• Liquid Liquid Heat Exchanger
 Heat from hot strong LD is transferred to the weak low temperature LD
 Reduces heat duties of the ICD and OCD
 Increases HCS capacity and COP
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 53
HYBRID COOLING SYSTEM
Features and Advantages
• Compact System
 Absorber and regenerator incorporate contacting devices with high mass transfer surface density
around 465 to 600 m2/m3
 120 to 185% greater than conventional packing
• Carryover of LD to Indoor / Outdoor Air Streams is Eliminated
 Air velocities between 1 to 2.4 m/s
• Low Air Side Pressure Drops
 Around 5 to 10 mm of water column
• Low Cost and Weight
 Absorber, regenerator and liquid/liquid heat exchanger are made of plastic
 Estimated cost of HCS is about Rs 45,000 per TR
 lower than VRF systems or central chilled water systems with simultaneous temperature and humidity
control
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 54
HYBRID COOLING SYSTEM
Features and Advantages
• Liquid Desiccant Clean the Indoor Air
 Reduces the particulate matter suspended in the air
 Reduces microbiological contaminants
• Separate Heat Exchanger for Sensibly Cooling the Air is not Required
 Cooling and dehumidification of air takes place in the ICD
• Rotating Contact Device in the Absorber and Regenerator
 Limits on irrigation rate and flooding are eliminated
 Limits on liquid throughput not there
• System can be Installed with Greater Flexibility
 Indoor and outdoor units can be located at desired elevations
• Operation is Silent
 Splashing or spraying noise are absent
 Noise due to air flow is low
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 55
HYBRID COOLING SYSTEM
Features and Advantages
• Corrosion of Parts is Eliminated
 Use of plastics eliminates the problem of corrosion
• Electrical Power Consumption is Low
 Total power consumption of HCS can be in the range of 0.81 to 1.1 kW/TR
• Scaling of Contacting Devices
 Single system can be conceived ranging from 0.5 TR to upwards of several 100 TR capacities
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 56
LD CYCLE ON VAPOUR PRESSURE CHART
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
60
%
50
%
40
30
90 100
100
20
%
d
c
0%
Pressure, mm of Hg
%
%
0
100
e
b
10
10
f
a
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5
90 100
o
Temperature, C
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 57
LIQUID DESICCANT CYCLE
State
Point
Description of the Process
Solution Temperature
( in / out ), oC
ab
Absorption of the moisture from
the Indoor Air in the ICD
20 / 24
bc
Recouperative heating in
the Liquid/Liquid Heat Exchanger
24 / 39
cd
Heat in the Condenser
39 / 49
de
Regeneration of LD in the OCD
49 / 46
ef
Recouperative cooling in
the Liquid/Liquid Heat Exchanger
46 / 25
fa
Heat lost in evaporator
25 / 20
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 58
SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Comparison of Simulation Results for the VCS and HCS for 1 TR
Parameters
VCS
HCS
%
Variation
Pressure Ratio
3.66
2.52
31%
Decrease
Volumetric Efficiency
87%
92%
6%
Increase
Vapour Flow Rate
at Compressor Inlet
1.129 L/s
0.791 L/s
30%
Decrease
Swept Volume
1.626 L/s
1.01 L/s
37.8%
Decrease
Compressor Work
1.23 kW
0.83 kW
32.5%
Decrease
COP
2.85
4.14
45%
Increase
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 59
LIQUID DESICCANT BASED DEHUMIDIFIER
120 kg/h Moisture Removal System
• Modular Liquid Desiccant (LD) Regenerator
 20 Novel Contacting Devices integrated to operate in
parallel
• Energy Saving
 Free Dehumidification!
• Low Parasitic Power
 Low air side pressure drop of 5 to 10 mm H2O
 Motor power for rotating contacting disk 5 W per tray or
less than 1/8 hp per rack
• Possibility of Integration with Various Heat Sources
like




Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
Boiler, engine, gas turbine exhaust streams
Flat plate & evacuated glass tube solar collectors
Condensers of air cooled R&AC units
Super Heat Recovery Liquid Desiccant Regenerators
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 60
CONCLUSIONS
Energy Conservation and Demand Reduction Using Heat Pumps
• Increasing Energy Costs and Raising Concern for Environment Heightens the Need to Go
•
for Heat Recovery Systems: SHR_WH and Multi-Utility Heat Pumps
Novel Patented Tube-Tube Heat Exchangers (TT_HE) are Very Reliable
 Double Wall Vented Design no worries about cross contamination
 More Reliable than the conventional condensers and chillers
• Recovered Heat from Chillers / Refrigeration Systems can be Effectively Used for
 Generating hot water, process fluids or desalinating sea water
 Regenerating liquid desiccant for drying and dehumidification
• Super Heat Recovery Water Heaters, SHR_WH, are Very Lucrative
 Water can be heated to over 75 C while simultaneously increasing cooling COP and capacity of the
vapour compression refrigeration / chiller system
•
•
•
•
Payback for Novel Patented SHR_WHs range between 3 to 6 month
Multi-Utility Heat Pumps can Reduce Electric Demand by 66 to 95%
Payback Periods for Multi-Utility Heat Pumps range between 3 to 18 month
Solar Steam Generation, Air Heater using Novel Simple EGT Based Collectors can Power
Liquid Desiccant based Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pumps
Open Up New Applications with Economically Attractive Possibilities for Deployment !
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 61
SOLAR COLLECTORS
Need and Scope
• Improve Life Cycle Cost
 Lower operating cost due to tapping solar energy using affordable collectors
 Peak demand for domestic water heating and cooling can be reduced significantly
 Co-production of multiple utilities using a single system helps reduce space, initial cost and
maintenance
• Energy Conservation
 Co or tri-generation of cold, hot, dehumidification utilities and/or potable water
 Super heat recovery with chiller COP and/or capacity improvement
 Preheating of boiler feed water and Once Through Steam Generation, which is hassle free with
EGT based non-tracking heat pipe based terrace mounted collectors
• Environmental Friendly
 Co-production of multiple utilities helps improve returns, by generating cooling, heating,
dehumidification
 Thermal pollution reduced by gainfully recovering heat rejection from the condenser in two stage
LD system and generating potable water
 CO2 emissions reduced
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 62
VASVIK AWARDS
FOR
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 2005
Matrix Heat Recovery Units and Heat Recovery form RAC Systems
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 63
PLASTIC SOLAR AIR HEATER
Workable at Sub-Zero Ambient:
Cost Rs 5,000/m2, Weight 5 to 7 kg/m2, Air In/Out 29 / 60oC
Heat Duty 0.45 kW/m2, Air Flow 50 kg/h.m2 Efficiency 50%, Isolation 0.9 kW/m2
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 64
CASE STUDY:
Plastic Solar Dryer for Grape, Onion, Herbs and Spices
Using hot air at 45 to 90oC, depending on application
• Drying Capacity
10 kg/day moisture removal
 Example, about 12 kg/day onion can be dried to obtain 2 kg/day of dry onion, generating net
revenue of about Rs 90/day using a 2 m2 solar dryer
Assuming: Dry onion price realized 50% of Rs 18 /100 g, onion procurement price of Rs 5/kg from farmer and processing/pakaging cost
of Rs 15/kg dry onion
 Rs 18/100 g dry onion x 50% x 2 kg dry onion - Rs 5/kg onion x 12 kg onion - Rs 15/kg dry onion x 2 kg dry onion
 Rs 90/dry onion x 2 kg dry onion/day - Rs 60 - Rs 30 = Rs 90/day
• Initial Cost
• Maintenance Cost
• Electricity Consumption
Rs 20,000/solar dryer
Rs 2,000/year
 10 W PV panel is used to circulate air using an energy efficient DC fan
 Dryer can be installed in off-grid locations also
• Simple Payback
 250 solar day without accounting for accelerated depreciation
 Environmental Impact HSD saved will be 1 l/day, 250 l/year
 CO2 emissions avoided
0.7 tonne/year using a 2 m2 solar dryer
Assuming: 6 h/day operation for 250 day/year and 2.82 kg CO2/l HSD
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 7/05/2012 at the Solar Thermal Process Heat for Applications in the Industry CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as D:\CEP\STPHfAiI+2012\IPH&CuLTSC+2012.ppt file last updated on 7/05/2012 at 12:30 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 65
EVACUATED GLASS TUBE SOLAR AIR HEATER
Fixed Parabolic Reflector: Cost Rs 6,000/m2, Weight 5 to 7 kg/m2
Air In/Out 29/150 to 300oC, Heat Duty 0.3 to 0.375 kW/m2, Air Flow 100 lpm/m2, Efficiency 40 to 60%
Isolation 0.75 to 1.2 kW/m2
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 66
SOLAR AIR HEATER: 30 to150 to 250oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector 2.1 m2, b 26.7O, PMM February 2009
Test Results: volfw.i 497 lpm, Qsc.i.9h 12.9 kWh , Qsc.9h 7.7 kWh , hsc.9h 61.8%
1000
320
2200
100
1980
90
1760
80
1540
70
1320
60
Ig
900
288
tout.w
800
256
700
224
Qi
192
o
tout.w, C
Ig, W/m
2
Qcol
500
50
160
1100
400
128
880
40
300
96
660
30
200
64
440
20
220
10
col , %
600
Qcol and Qi , W
col
tamb
100
0
32
0
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
Time, h
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
15.00
16.00
17.00
0
18.00
0
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 67
SOLAR AIR HEATER: 30 to 272oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector 2.1 m2, b 26.7O, PMM March 2009
Test Results: volfw.i 455 lpm, Qsc.i.9h 7.1 kWh , Qsc.9h 3.3 kWh , hsc.9h 64.6%
Collector
Test
β
tamb
tout.w
Month
Collector
Mounting
ϕ-δ
oC
oC
30.4o
30.0o
29.6o
29.4o
28.9o
28.2o
27.8o
27.4o
27.3o
26.7o
21.5o
11.6o
10.8o
- 0.2o
- 1.8o
- 2.9o
25.3o
30.9o
32.9o
33.2o
39.4o
39.8o
30.8
32.2
34.7
34.6
32.7
30.3
30.4
30.4
30.4
30.7
31.4
32.6
37.4
39.4
39.8
39.8
37.7
40.1
37.8
37.9
40.3
41.8
233
238
248
254
252
270
268
252
257
272
264
253
258
237
248
238
196
221
205
201
203
209
February
March
EW-FT
EW-FT
April
EW-FT
May
EW-FT
June
EW-FT
EW-FT
October
November
NS-HB
NS-HT
PVP
Ig
volfa
ma
Qcol
Qi
Qcol_30
Qcol_30
Qcol_30
Qi_30
col.w
mm_ mm_
H2 O H2 O
W
W/m2
lpm
g/s
W
W
kJ
kWh
kWh/
m2
kJ
%
26.1
26.1
26.1
26.1
26.3
30.7
29.6
30.3
29.8
30.5
24.7
24.1
26.8
24.1
27.2
29.8
21.1
21.2
25.8
23.3
22.0
24.8
6.0
5.5
5.7
5.5
6.1
6.6
6.6
7.3
6.6
6.7
6.3
6.3
6.9
6.3
6.6
8.7
6.5
5.2
7.5
6.4
6.3
7.8
813
811
808
805
802
797
795
893
857
854
825
841
840
843
844
596
716
748
761
774
794
798
384
417
428
419
394
431
407
405
452
455
383
375
383
369
456
452
354
365
397
392
404
390
4.4
4.8
4.8
4.65
4.40
4.64
4.41
4.46
4.68
4.88
4.16
4.15
4.21
4.21
5.08
5.15
4.4
4.31
4.84
4.82
4.95
4.71
0907
0992
1035
1030
0971
1124
1054
1025
1076
1190
0984
0932
0945
0852
1091
1044
0709
0796
0829
0806
0817
0805
1730
1725
1719
1713
1707
1696
1691
1900
1823
1818
1754
1790
1786
1793
1795
1268
1524
1590
1620
1646
1689
1698
1638
1789
1875
1852
1699
1998
1890
1815
1939
2136
1779
1692
1722
1533
1975
1873
1282
1402
1490
1433
1471
1454
5.46
5.96
6.25
6.18
5.66
6.66
6.30
6.05
6.46
7.12
5.93
5.64
5.74
5.11
6.58
6.25
4.27
4.67
4.97
4.78
4.90
4.79
2.56
2.80
2.93
2.90
2.66
3.13
2.96
2.84
3.04
3.34
2.78
2.65
2.67
2.39
3.09
2.93
2.01
2.21
2.35
2.24
2.30
2.25
3139
3129
3118
3108
2989
3078
3068
3443
3305
3295
3181
3244
3237
3248
3252
2798
2763
2783
2921
2968
3073
3090
51.9
56.8
59.9
59.5
56.6
66.1
61.6
53.6
58.3
64.6
55.9
52.2
53.2
47.2
60.7
66.9
46.4
50.4
51.0
48.3
47.9
47.0
dpsc
dppt
2.0
2.4
2.4
2.0
2.0
0.6
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.0
1.6
2.0
2.0
2.8
2.8
1.6
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.4
2.0
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
Remark
PCC
MS
PCC
MS
RCC
MS
DS
DS
DS
PCC
MS
MS
-
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 68
SOLAR STEAM GENERATOR
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Heat Pipe
Generating Saturated Steam at 100oC, 1 bar
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 69
SOLAR STEAM GENERATOR
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Heat Pipe
Features of SSG1b using EGT & Heat Pipe
• Simple Design: Evacuated Glass Tube, EGT, and Heat Pipe, HP, based modular design is
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
easy to integrate and deploy
Light Weight Design: predominantly made of SS/Al frame, 25 to 30 kg/m2 aperture area
Energy Efficient: delivers saturated steam at 100oC with 40 to 60% efficiency based on
global radiation
Low Internal Volume: early startup and steam generation continues for longer hours
Modular Design with Wide Selection Range: 3 to 10 m2 per panel
Easy to Install and Commission: space under the terrace mounted SSG1b is usable, once
through design can generate saturated steam starting with ambient temperature water,
several collectors can be integrated in a single circuit
Aesthetically Appealing: low profile non-tracking design
Maintenance Friendly: descaling can be done using clean in place system
Durable: no worries about IBR or over pressurization
Reliable: collector continues to perform even if a EGT breaks
Easy to Transport: transported in a compact kit form to reduce cost
Low Initial Cost: ` 2,500 to 5,000 /kWh.day, payback periods < 2 years
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 70
SOLAR STEAM GENERATOR: 1 bar 100oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Heat Pipe 10.5 m2, b 0O, JRM April 2011
Test Results: volfw.i 31.5 lph, Qsc.i.9h 60.3 kWh , Qsc.9h 34.9 kWh , hsc.9h 57.8%
SOLAR STEAM GENERATOR: 1 bar 100oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Heat Pipe 10.5 m2, b 0O, JRM April 2011
Test Results: volfw.i 31.5 lph, Qsc.i.9h 60.3 kWh , Qsc.9h 34.9 kWh , hsc.9h 57.8%
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 72
SOLAR WATER HEATER: 30 to 80oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Heat Pipe 10.5 m2, b 0O, JRM April 2011
Test Results: volfw.i 113.8 lph, Qsc.i.6h 50.5 kWh , Qsc.6h 38.7 kWh , hsc.6h 76.6%
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 73
SOLAR WATER HEATER: 30 to 75oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Heat Pipe 10.5 m2, b 0O, JRM April 2011
Test Results: volfw.i 1.9 lpm, Qsc.i.9h 63.8 kWh , Qsc.9h 52.1 kWh , hsc.9h 81.7%
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 74
ONGOING PROJECTS
Energy Conservation in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Systems
• Solar Refrigerator cum Water Heater
• Shipboard Cold Store using Engine Exhaust Heat
• Solar Water Pasteurizer
• Solar Thermo-Electric Co-Generator
• Pulsating Heat Pipes for Electronic Cooling
• Plastic Wind Mill
• Liquid Desiccant based Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pump
• Liquid Desiccant based Fresh Air Dehumidification
• Plastic Air to Air Heat Exchangers
• Near Isothermal Compressors and Expanders
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 75
ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION MODULE
Simple Reliable System is Viable for Waste Heat Recovery
• Activated Carbon / Ammonia based Modular Cooling
• Operation
•
•
 Intermittent with single set of module/s
 Continuous with multiple sets of module/s operating out of
phase with each other
Cooling Capacity Depend on Size of Module
 Few watts to several TR capacity is possible with multiple
modules
Reliable Operation
 Module is operational for over 10 year without replacing
activated carbon
 Leak free ammonia system is demonstrated
 HPL_IITB module is operating satisfactorily for over 10 year
without recharging ammonia
• Applications
 Exhaust fired refrigeration, solar refrigerators, etc.
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 76
ADSORPTION CYCLES
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 77
VARIOURS STUDIES ON ARS
STT 2010
AC - NH3 as Working Pair
Te
Tg.o
Tc
oC
oC
kW
Vapour
recovery
140
25
11.4
0.27
AC - NH3
Vapour
recovery
160
42
3.52
-18
AC - NH3
Heat
regeneration
180
39
0.16
-8
CaCl2+AC - NH3
Heat
recovery
140
36
-4
AC - NH3
Thermal
wave
200
45
-5
Monolithic carbon
(KOH+AC) - NH3
Two-bed
with
regeneration
200
35
Working
Pair
Configuration
-15
CaCl2 + Graphite NH3
-3
oC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
Qe
COP
SCP
Research
Status
Reference
422
Test
Li et al., 2009
0.3
95
Test
Rane et al., 2007
0.7
-
Simulation
Pabla and Rane,
1998
0.39
770
Test
Lu, 2006
24
0.47
850
Simulation
Rane et al., 1999
-
0.68
228
MJ/m-3
Simulation
Telto et al., 2009
0.2
W/kg
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 78
SOLAR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR, Qe 100 W
STT 2010
Schematic Diagram
Outdoor Units
Condenser
RES
Liquid Ammonia Reservoir
V
Valve
EVP
Evaporator
HWT
Hot Water Tank
RM
Rotameter
PG
Pressure Guage
Water Line
EGTA Evacuated glass Tube Assembly
CND
PG
Line
onia
m
A
m
A
EGT
CND
RM
RES
Tap
Water In
Indoor Units
V
Ammonia Vapour from Modules
EVP
Condensed Ammonia
Ammonia vapour from Evaporator
HWT
Tape Water to Cooling Modules
Hot Water from Cooling Modules
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 79
SOLAR REFRIGERATOR CUM WATER HEATER: SR_WH
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Activated Carbon Ammonia Adsorption System
Refrigeration at 5oC and Tap Water Heating to 50oC
t
Cooling Water Out
35 C to 100 C
avg 50 C
DF A
t
Cooling Water In
25 C
AA
t
t
m .cw
m .cw
Modules
Modules
t
nh 3.g
EGT
t
nh 3.g
EGT
Night Time
Day Time
P.c
P.c
t
t
e.n h3.i
e.n h3.i
Evaporator
t
e.ib t
Evaporator
t
e.ib t
I_BV 2
I_BV 2
I_BV 1
I_BV 1
Ice Bank Tank
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
Ice Bank Tank
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 80
SR_WH: Refrigeration at 5oC and Tap Water Heating to 50oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Activated Carbon Ammonia Adsorption System
20 Modules with 14 kg AC and 4.1 kg Ammonia
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 81
SR_WH: Refrigeration at 5oC and Tap Water Heating to 50oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Activated Carbon Ammonia Adsorption System DSK 2011
Radiant Condenser and Outdoor Ammonia Reservoir
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 82
SR_WH: Refrigeration at 5oC and Tap Water Heating to 50oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Activated Carbon Ammonia Adsorption System MVR/DSK 2011
Frost Formation on Sight Glass - Outdoor Ammonia Reservoir at -28oC
Frost Formation
On the Bottom
Sight Glass
Thermocouple
Readings -28oC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 83
SR_WH: Refrigeration at 5oC and Tap Water Heating to 50oC
Evacuated Glass Tube based Solar Collector with Activated Carbon Ammonia Adsorption System: MVR/DSK 2011
Ammonia Free Indoor Refrigerator Cabinet with Ice Bank Tank at 0oC
Ice Bank Tanks
To Store Cooling
Effect for 24 h
Air Temperature
2 to 8oC
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 84
AMMONIA ABSORPTION CHILLER
using Heat from the Engine Cooling Water of a 125 kVA DG
•
•
•
•
•
Chiller Specifications
 10 TR water chiller, 12 to 7oC
 Hot water temperature, 90 to 84oC
 Evaporatively cooled condenser and absorber
Cost of 10 TR Heat Pump
 Rs 3.6 to 6 Lakh, depending on hot water temperature
 Rs 32,000 to 50,000/TR for large systems > 100 TR
Coefficient of Performance
 Cooling COP in the range of 0.63 to 0.72
Benefits
 Reduced CO2 emissions and peak demand
 Compact size with low ammonia inventory
 Ability to use low grade heat
Features
 Size 2 m L x 1,2 m W x 2.7 m H
 4 x 0.25 kW fans, 2.25 kW solution pump and 0.75 kW
water pump
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 85
BAKERY EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY
Steam Generator for Maintaining High Humidity in the Baking Oven for HUL
• Modular Exhaust Heat Recovery Steam Generator
 Steam generation rate
15 kg/h
 Insulation
50 mm
 Includes provision for online soot cleaning
• Compact Size
 One half the size and weight of conventional
shell and tube based system
• Low Gas Side Pressure drop
< 50 mm H2O
• Pump is Not Required
•
 Overhead tank water is used for steam
generation
Automatic Operation
 Water flow is float controlled
 Online soot blowing is timer controled
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 86
SCS USING WASTE HEAT
Photograph of 1 TR Test Unit
• Cooling Down to
-20oC
•
•
Low Refrigerant Charge
3 to 5 kg NH3/TR
Low Initial Cost
30 to 40%
Lower than conventional dedicated engine driven VCS
•
Compact Design
0.5 to 0.75 m3/TR
•
Condenser
Sea water cooled
Sea Water Chilled to
38oC
•
•
•
•
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
0 to 3oC
Annual Saving
 Cost of ice
Rs 1.13 to 7.2 lakh
 Cost of fuel
Rs 3.71 lakh
Reduced CO2 Emissions
 Due to reduced ice payload
30 tonne/year
 Due to saved electricity
13.4 tonne/year
in ice production
Environment Friendly Natural Refrigerant
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 87
SCS USING WASTE HEAT
Schematic Diagram 1 TR Test Unit
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 88
LIQUID DESICCANT SYSTEM
FOR
FRESH AIR DEHUMIDIFICATION
LDS_FAD for TMC Chhatrapati Shivaji Hospital (TMC_CSH), Kalwa
Based on IIT Bombay Owned
Indian Patent # 203 949 & Indian Patent # 206 320
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 89
OBJECTIVES
Liquid Desiccant System for Fresh Air Dehumidification: LDS_FAD
• Supply Dehumidified Fresh Air using Modular LDS_FAD
 Dehumidifying fresh air before supplying in to the air conditioned spaces at the
Chhatrapati Shivaji Hospital (TMC_CSH), Kalwa
• Save 10 to 30% Requirement for Chilled Water used for Air Conditioning
 Saving would depend on outdoor weather condition
• LDS_FAD Module Size would be 7.5 TR
•
 Suitable for pairing up with Modular Solar Heat Pump (SHP) of 15 TR cooling capacity
 LDS_FAD would be operated using recovered hot water from SHP
 Hot water at 60 C from Ammonia/Water based SHP or any other source low
temperature heat source will be used to regenerate the Liquid Desiccant (LD)
 Regenerated LD will be used to dehumidify fresh air while being cooled using
water from a cooling tower
Dehumidified Fresh Air will be Cooled Further before Being Ducted to Various Zones
 Chilled water at 12 to 15 C from Ammonia/Water or Lithium Bromide/Water based SHP
will be used
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 90
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
Schematic of Liquid Desiccant System for Fresh Air Dehumidification: LDS_FAD
Hot Water
in 60 C / out 50 C
from solar heat pump
Liquid Dessicant
Regeration Device
Ambient Air
DBT 34 C / DPT 25 C /
WBT 27.5 C
from the air filter open
to atmosphere
Dehumidified Fresh Air
DBT 36 C / DPT 15 C / WBT 22 C
to the air blower in your supply duct
may be further cooled as required
using chilled water
Dehumidifier
Cooling Tower Water
in 30 C / out 33 C
Liquid Dessicant
Storage Tank
Liquid
Dessicant
Pump
P_LD
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 91
DESIGN CONDITIONS
FOR
CSMH’KALWA
Liquid Desiccant System for Fresh Air Dehumidification: LDS_FAD
• LDS_FAD Module Capacity




Air delivery condition DBT / DPT
Air flow rate
Moisture removal capacity
Air side pressure drop (excluding inlet air filter)
• Cooling Tower Capacity
 Water temperature In/Out
 Water flow rate
• Hot Water Requirement
 Water temperature In/Out
 Water flow rate
 Water side pressure drop through the LDS_FAD
7.5 TR (26.4 kW) max
36 / 15oC
~ 0.75 m3/s; ~0.9 kg/s
~ 10 g/s; 36 kg/h
< 15 mm H2O
9 TR (32 kWh)
33 / 30oC
1.26 lps; 75 lpm; 4500 lph
45 kWh
60 / 50oC
1.08 lps; 65 lpm; 3900 lph
< 10 m H2O
Note: Heat required is about 50% of the heat recovered from the absorber of a 15 TR SHP
15 TR x 3.52 kWc/TR / 0.6 x 50% = 52.8 kW / 0.6 x 50% = 88 kW x 0.50 = 44 kW
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 92
LIQUID DESICCANT BASED DEHUMIDIFIER
120 kg/h Moisture Removal System
• Modular Liquid Desiccant (LD) Regenerator
 20 Novel Contacting Devices integrated to operate in
parallel
• Energy Saving
 Free Dehumidification!
• Low Parasitic Power
 Low air side pressure drop of 5 to 10 mm H2O
 Motor power for rotating contacting disk 5 W per tray or
less than 1/8 hp per rack
• Possibility of Integration with Various Heat Sources
like

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
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Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
Boiler, engine, gas turbine exhaust streams
Flat plate & evacuated glass tube solar collectors
Condensers of air cooled R&AC units
Super Heat Recovery Liquid Desiccant Regenerators
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 93
LIQUID DESICCANT BASED
SOLAR MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP
Status of the Technology
and
R&D Activity at HPL_IITB
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 94
OUTLINE OF TODAY'S PRESENTATION
Liquid Desiccant based Solar Multi Utility Heat Pump, LD_SMUHP
• Salient Features of LD_SMUHP
• Thermally Driven Solar Cooling Technologies
• Schematic Diagram for LD_SMUHP
 Low Temperature Regenerator: Scheme and Salient Features
 High Temperature Regenerator: Scheme and Salient Features
 Fresh Air Dehumidifier: Scheme and Salient Features
• Cost Savings from LD_SMUHP
• Economics of LD_SMUHP
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 95
THERMALLY DRIVEN SOLAR COOLING
Liquid Desiccant based Solar Air Conditioning System
What Makes Liquid Desiccant the Preferred Technology
Open Cycle Advantages
Dehumidification without cooling below
dew point temperature
Low regeneration temperature
Liquid Desiccant Advantages
Heat Exchange between weak and strong
solutions
High energy density storage at
atmospheric temperature, without
insulation
COP up to 1.5 possible with two stage
regeneration
Low parasitic power consumption 100 to
150 W/TR
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 96
LIQUID DESICCANT BASED SOLAR
MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP, LD_SMUHP
Novel Technology and Scheme for Solar Air Conditioning and Co-generation of Utilities
• Need and Relevance of LD based Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pump
 Demand for air conditioning is growing rapidly
 LD_SMUHP saves electrical energy and works on eco-friendly technology
 Power deficit in India: 9.6% electrical energy, 13.8% peak power demand (June 2009 data)
 Liquid desiccants are eco-friendly substances like KCOOH or CaCl2 salt solution
 Solar energy systems are costly and co-generation helps reduce payback
• Salient Features




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Air Conditioning/Dehumidifying
Water heating
Potable water generation
Target cycle COP
Solar collector efficiency
Indoor design conditions
Nominal parasitic power consumption
Solar collector area
Target cost
Payback period
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
3 TR, 10.5 kWc
25 to 50oC, 800 l/d
60 to 80 l/d
0.8 to 1.2
> 50% at 150oC
26+2oC, 50+5% RH
<500 W
18 to 24 m2
~Rs 3.2 lakh
< 3 years
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 97
SCHEME FOR LD_SAC
Two Stage Regeneration of LD, Simultaneous Sensible and Latent Cooling for Hot and Humid Climate of Mumbai, INDIA
Advantages: High COP, Low Parasitic Power, No Carryover or Corrosion
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 98
SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING CYCLE
Two Stage Regeneration and Air Dehumidification
p-T-x Chart for CaCl2
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 99
LD BASED SOLAR AIR-CONDITIONER
Rane et al, 2005
Major Components
• High Temperature Regenerator, HTR
•
•
•
•
 EGT based solar collector
 Partial regeneration of LD by
boiling
Low Temperature Regenerator, LTR
 Air-LD contacting device
 Water rejected to ambient air
 Further concentration of solution
Dehumidifier
 Air-LD contacting device
 Latent load removal
Evaporative Cooler
 Sensible heat removal
Solution Heat Exchangers
 Energy saving
 Effective dehumidification
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 100
HIGH TEMPERATURE REGENERATOR: LTR
Liquid Desiccant based Solar Air Conditioning System
Salient Features
• Regenerates Weak LD to Semi-strong LD
• EGT based Cost Effective Low Concentration Ratio Solar Collector
• Built-in Heat Exchange between Cool Weak LD and Hot Stong LD and Steam
• Expected Collector Efficiency > 60%
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 101
LOW TEMPERATURE REGENERATOR: LTR
Liquid Desiccant based Solar Air Conditioning System
Scheme and Salient Features
• Diabatic LD-Air Contacting Device
 Integrated heating of liquid desiccant
improves effectiveness
• Simultaneous Generation of Utilities
 Tap water heated to 50 C
 1000 l/d capacity
 Distilled water
 100 l/d capacity
• No Restriction on Flow of LD
 Wetting of contacting disc does not depend
upon flow rate of liquid desiccant
• Low Parasitic Power Consumption < 10 W
 Air circulation by natural draft/chimney
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 102
FRESH AIR DEHUMIDIFIER: FAD
Liquid Desiccant based Solar Air Conditioning System
Scheme and Salient Features
• Removes Latent Load from Fresh
Ambient Air
• Isothermal Dehumidification of Air
due to Integrated Cooling
• Good Wetting of Mass Transfer
Surface
 Independent of flow rate of LD
• Enhanced Heat Transfer Area on LD
Side
 Close approach will be possible
• Expected Pressure Drop across
Dehumidifier
 50 to 100 Pa or 5 to 10 mm H2O
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 103
COST SAVINGS WITH LD_SMUHP
Air Conditioning with Co-generation of Hot Water and Potable Water
Savings from Electrical Power and Free Utilities
• Electrical Energy Used by 3 TR Air Conditioner
4666 kWh/yr
90% x 1.2 kWe/TR x 3 TR x 6 h/d x 240 d/year
• Saving in Electrical Energy Cost
23,328 Rs/yr
4666 kWh/year x 5 Rs/kWh
• Water Heating from 25 to 50oC
• Gas Saved at 90% heating efficiency
1361 lpd
905 kg/yr
@ 0.9 x 143 MJ/d x 240 d/year / 42 MJ/kg
 Energy for water heating
143 MJ/d
@ COPc = 0.8 and COPh = 0.5 => 10.56 kWc x 3600 s/h x 6 h/d x 0.5 / 0.8
• Saving from Free Water Heating at 25 Rs/kg gas cost
22,628 Rs/yr
905 kg/year x 25 Rs/kg
• Potable Water Generation
• Saving in Electricity due to Potable Water Generation @ 5 Rs/kWh
100 lpd
7,399 Rs/yr
• Electrical Energy Saved
1,460 kWh/yr
1.5 kW x 4 h x 240 d/year
• Total Saving
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
53,256 Rs/yr
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 104
ECONOMICS OF LD_SMUHP
Air Conditioning with Co-generation of Hot Water and Potable Water
Cost and Payback
• Estimated Cost of LD_SMUHP
Rs 3.2 Lakh
• Differential Cost of LD_SMUHP
Rs 1.5 Lakh
 Saving due to 80% depreciation in the first year
Rs 0.76
@ 30.6% tax on investment of Rs 311,000 x 0.8 x 0.306
 Cost of conventional 3 TR AC
 Cost of RO filter
 Cost of water heater
Rs 0.55
Rs 0.25
Rs 0.05
• Total Cost Saving
Rs 0.53 /yr
• Expected Payback
2.81 yr
Cost / saving per year = 150000 Rs / 53256 Rs/year
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 105
CONCLUSION
3 TR Solar Air Conditioner with Co-generation of Hot Water and Potable Water
Modular Solar HTR, LTR and Other Components Integrated Tests in Progress
• Liquid Desiccant based Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pump, LD_SMUHP
 Air Conditioning room air at DBT 26+2oC & rh 60%
 Tap Water Heating from 27 to 50oC
 Potable Water Generation
3 TR (10.5 kWc)
1000 lpd
80 to 100 lpd
• Low Temperature Regenerator Fabricated and Tested
 Required Capacity of Low Temperature Regenerator, LTR
 Capacity Achieved with Naturally Convection Type LTR
 KFo solution
 Mass transfer surface area
 Troughs Required for a 3 TR LD_SMUHP
 Parasitic power consumption
~7 kg/h
~3.9 kg/h
70%
8.6 m2
< 2 x 2.1 m L
< 10 W
• Solar Collector Integrated High Temperature Regenerator
 First roof mountable module is ready for deployment
 Additional modules will be integrated in phases as required
 Collector efficiency @ 750 W/m 2 global and regeneration temperature of 140oC
13.5 m2
> 50%
• Solar Air Conditioning is One Step Closer to Techno-Economic Viability!
Expected cost of 3 TR LD_SMUHP is Rs 3 lakh with payback < 3 yr
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 106
ENERGY CONSERVATION AND DEMAND REDUCTION
Using Affordable Solar Collectors and Solar Heat Pumps
• Increasing Energy Costs and Raising Concern for Environment Heightens the Need to Tap
Solar Energy: Using Affordable Solar Collectors
• Plastic Solar Air Heaters for Applications Upto 90oC: Solar Agro Drying, Space Heating
• EGT based Solar Air Heaters for Applications Upto 300oC: Solar Milk Drying, Paint Shop
Baking Tunnel Heating
• EGT + Heat Pipe based Solar Steam Generators for Applications Upto 100oC at 1 bar:
Solar Indoor Cooking, Drying, Space Heating, Process Heating, Milk Pasteurization
• EGT + Heat Pipe based LD Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pumps Upto 150oC at 1 bar: Solar Air
Conditioning, Drying, Potable Water Generation
• EGT Solar Adsorption Refrigerator Cum Water Heater 5oC Cooling and 50oC Hot Water:
Solar Precooling of Agro Products, Drying, Preserving Perishables
• Solar Steam Generation and Air Heater using Novel Simple EGT Based Collectors
Open Up New Applications with Economically Attractive Possibilities for Deployment !
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 107
ENERGY CONSERVATION USING HEAT PUMPS
Investigator and Licensee
• Dr Milind V Rane (Principal Investigator)
Institute Chair Professor and Energy Technology Consultant
Heat Pump Laboratory at IIT Bombay, HPL_IITB
Mechanical Engineering Department
Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai 400 076 INDIA
Phone
Fax
Email
Off 2576 7514, Lab 2576 4593, Res 2576 8514
Off (9122) 2572 3480, Res (91 22) 2572 4544
ranemv@iitb.ac.in
• Licensee
 Mech World Eco, Nashik
 Godrej Lawkim, Pune
 Unidyne Energy Environment Systems Pvt Ltd, Mumbai
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs
 Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 108