Hazard Communication
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HealthStream Regulatory Script Hazard Communication Version: May 2007 Lesson 1: Lesson 2: Lesson 3: Lesson 4: Lesson 5: Introduction Hazardous Materials Material Safety Data Sheets Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals Personal Protective Equipment Lesson 1: Introduction 1001 Introduction Welcome to the introductory lesson on hazard communication. This lesson gives the course rationale, goals, and outline. IMAGE: 1001.JPG As your partner, HealthStream strives to provide its customers with excellence in regulatory learning solutions. As new guidelines are continually issued by regulatory agencies, we work to update courses, as needed, in a timely manner. Since responsibility for complying with new guidelines remains with your organization, HealthStream encourages you to routinely check all relevant regulatory agencies directly for the latest updates for clinical/organizational guidelines. If you have concerns about any aspect of the safety or quality of patient care in your organization, be aware that you may report these concerns directly to The Joint Commission. Point 1 of 4 2 1002 Course Rationale Under its Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), OSHA [glossary] requires all employers to develop written hazard communication programs. IMAGE: 1002.GIF The primary goal of the HCS is to ensure the safety of employees who work with hazardous materials. To keep safe at work: • Learn about hazardous materials and how they can hurt you • Identify your potential for exposure and recognize signs of overexposure • Learn how to safeguard against exposure This course will give you the information you need to keep safe when working with hazardous materials. Point 2 of 4 1003 Course Goals After completing this course, you should be able to: • Define hazardous materials and describe why certain materials are hazardous • Describe what information is contained in a material safety data sheet • Recall the requirements for chemical container labels • Explain how to interpret a chemical container label • Detail the importance of using personal protective equipment NO IMAGE Point 3 of 4 1004 Course Outline Lesson 1 provided the course rationale and goals. FLASH ANIMATION: 1004.SWF/FLA Lesson 2 will focus on hazardous materials. Lesson 3 will discuss material safety data sheets. Lesson 4 will cover labeling of hazardous materials. Lesson 5 will discuss personal protective equipment. Point 4 of 4 Lesson 2: Hazardous Materials 2001 Introduction & Objectives Welcome to the lesson on hazardous materials. FLASH ANIMATION: 2001.SWF/FLA After completing this lesson, you should be able to: • Define physical and health hazards of chemicals • Recall potential routes of exposure to hazardous chemicals • List the three different forms of hazardous chemicals Point 1 of 13 2002 What Makes a Chemical Hazardous? A chemical is hazardous if it is likely to cause harm. CLICK TO REVEAL Chemicals can have two types of hazards: Physical hazards are related to the way that a chemical interacts with other substances or the environment. A chemical that is physically hazardous can harm you by: • Exploding • Igniting • Reacting violently with other substances • • Physical hazards Health hazards Click on each type of hazard to learn more. Health hazards are related to the way that a chemical interacts with your body. If you are exposed to a chemical hazardous to human health, you could suffer: • Death • Long-term damage • Short-term injury or illness Point 2 of 13 2003 Physical Hazards: Examples Examples of chemicals that are physical hazards include: • • • CLICK TO REVEAL IMAGE Trinitrotoluene – 2003a.JPG Trinitrotoluene Compressed gas in a cylinder Isopropanol and other alcohols Click on each example to reveal more information. Compressed gas in a cylinder – 2003b.JPG Isopropanol and other alcohols – 2003c.JPG Point 3 of 13 2004 Health Hazards: Examples Examples of chemicals that are health hazards include: • Lead: Exposure to lead can cause mental retardation in children. • Mercury: This chemical can cause brain damage, as well as damage to other parts of the body. • Formalin: This chemical is used as a fixative. Ten percent formalin is a carcinogen and severe eye and skin irritant. It can cause instant and irreversible lung damage; dry, flaky skin; and/or allergic reactions. • Glutaraldehyde: This chemical is used to disinfect and clean heat-sensitive equipment such as surgical instruments and endoscopes. Glutaraldehyde can cause o Throat and lung irritation o Asthma-like symptoms and breathing difficulty o Nose irritation and bleeding o Headache o Nausea o Skin and eye irritation o Other allergic reactions IMAGE: 2004.JPG Point 4 of 13 2005 Health Hazards: Routes of Exposure You must be exposed to the chemical for it to harm you. CLICK TO REVEAL Routes of exposure include: Eyes: Many chemicals can burn or irritate the eyes. In some cases, chemicals may be absorbed through the eyes and enter the bloodstream. • • • • • Eyes Skin Inhalation Ingestion Injection Skin: Some chemicals can burn the skin. Other chemicals may pass through the skin and enter the bloodstream. Click on each route of exposure to learn more. Inhalation: The most common type of exposure occurs when chemicals are inhaled into the lungs. Inhaled chemicals may: • • • Irritate the nose or throat Damage the lungs Enter the bloodstream through the lungs Ingestion: You may ingest hazardous chemicals while: • Smoking • Eating • Drinking It is never safe to eat, drink, or smoke near hazardous chemicals. Always wash your hands after working with hazardous chemicals. Wash your hands before eating, drinking, or smoking. Injection: Injection may occur if you are cut with a tool, instrument, or needle that has been contaminated with a chemical. Point 5 of 13 2006 Health Hazards: Types of Damage Toxic chemicals can have local and/or systemic health effects. IMAGE: 2006.JPG A local effect occurs when the chemical causes damage at the point where it first contacts the body. For example: • Eyes • Skin • Nose A systemic effect occurs when the chemical enters the bloodstream and travels throughout the body. The organs most commonly harmed include: • Liver • Kidneys • Heart • Brain • Reproductive organs Point 6 of 13 2007 Forms of Hazardous Chemicals Hazardous chemicals come in the forms of: • Solid • Liquid • Gas IMAGE: 2007.GIF Let’s take a closer look at each. Point 7 of 13 2008 Hazardous Chemicals: Solid Solids are not usually hazardous. This is because solid materials are not readily absorbed into the body. Certain forms of solids, however, can be highly hazardous. These include: • • • Dust Fume Fibers Click on each type of solid to learn more. CLICK TO REVEAL Dust Dust consists of very small solid particles. These are suspended in the air. Hazardous dust is created when certain solids are pulverized, or settled dust becomes airborne. Dust can: • Be inhaled • Enter the bloodstream through the lungs • Explode or react violently with other substances An example of hazardous dust is silica. Fume Fume consists of very small, fine solid particles, suspended in the air. Fume is created when solid chemicals (often metals) are heated to very high temperatures. After they evaporate to the gaseous state, they re-solidify. Fume is easily inhaled. Metal fumes can be highly toxic. An example of hazardous fume is lead oxide, which can be produced during soldering. Fiber A fiber is long, thin solid particle. Small fibers can be inhaled. Very small fibers can lodge in the lungs and cause damage. An example of hazardous fiber is asbestos. Point 8 of 13 2009 Hazardous Chemicals: Liquid Many hazardous chemicals are liquids at normal temperatures and pressures. Hazardous liquids may: • Damage the skin • Enter the body through the skin • Evaporate, forming toxic gases that can be inhaled IMAGE: 2009.GIF Point 9 of 13 2010 Hazardous Chemicals: Gas Gases can be: • Flammable • Explosive • Toxic IMAGE: 2010.GIF Hazardous gases can be difficult to detect. Many gases do not have a distinctive color or odor. Point 10 of 13 2011 Review All of the following are true EXCEPT: a. Trinitrotoluene is a physical hazard. b. Physical hazards are related to the way in which a chemical interacts with other substances or the environment. c. A chemical with physical hazards can harm you by exploding, igniting, or reacting violently with other substances. d. All of the above are true. MULTIPLE CHOICE INTERACTION Correct answer: D Feedback for A: Incorrect. All of these statements are true. Feedback for B: Incorrect. All of these statements are true. Feedback for C: Incorrect. All of these statements are true. Feedback for D: Correct. All of these statements are true. Point 11 of 13 2012 Review Which of the following is (are) true? a. It is safe to smoke while working with hazardous chemicals if you wear gloves. b. It is not safe to smoke around hazardous chemicals, even if the chemicals are not flammable. c. It is safe to smoke around hazardous chemicals if you extinguish the cigarette butt appropriately. d. A, B, and C all are true. e. None of these is true. MULTIPLE CHOICE INTERACTION Correct answer: B Feedback for A: Incorrect. It is NEVER safe to smoke around hazardous chemicals. Feedback for B: Correct. It is NEVER safe to smoke around hazardous chemicals. Feedback for C: Incorrect. It is NEVER safe to smoke around hazardous chemicals. Feedback for D: Incorrect. It is NEVER safe to smoke around hazardous chemicals. Feedback for E: Incorrect. It is NEVER safe to smoke around hazardous chemicals. Point 12 of 13 2013 Summary You have completed the lesson on hazardous materials. NO IMAGE Remember: • Chemicals can have physical and/or health hazards. • Physical hazards are related to the way a chemical interacts with other substances or the environment. • Health hazards are related to the way a chemical interacts with your body. • Routes of exposure to hazardous chemicals include the eyes, the skin, inhalation, ingestion, and injection. • Toxic chemicals can have local or systemic health effects. • Hazardous chemicals may be solids, liquids, or gases. • Solids are not usually hazardous. Dust, fume, and fibers, however, can be highly hazardous, depending on the material. • Many hazardous chemicals are liquids at normal temperatures and pressures. • Gases can be flammable, explosive, and/or toxic. Point 13 of 13 Lesson 3: Material Safety Data Sheets 3001 Introduction & Objectives Welcome to the lesson on material safety data sheets (MSDSs). FLASH ANIMATION: 3001.SWF/FLA After completing this lesson, you should be able to: • Describe the responsibilities of: • Manufacturers and distributors of hazardous chemicals • Employers • Employees • Read an MSDS and understand its contents • Recall the importance of following all storage and use instructions contained in an MSDS Point 1 of 18 3002 MSDS: The Manufacturer’s Responsibility The HCS requires that all manufacturers of hazardous materials determine the specific physical and health hazards of their products. IMAGE: 3002.GIF The manufacturer must record all hazard information for the product in a material safety data sheet (MSDS). Finally, the manufacturer (or distributor) is responsible for providing the relevant MSDS to those who purchase the product. Point 2 of 18 3003 MSDS: Your Employer’s Responsibility The HCS requires your facility to compile a list of all hazardous chemicals used in the facility. IMAGE: 3003.JPG Each of the chemicals on the list must have a MSDS. This file must be readily available to all workers in their work areas at all times. Point 3 of 18 3004 MSDS: Your Responsibility All employees must know how to obtain information on any chemical they use. IMAGE: 3004.JPG You should know: • Which hazardous chemicals are used in your work area • Where MSDSs are located on your unit • How to read an MSDS You must be trained by your employer when you are assigned to work with any hazardous chemical. You are responsible for reading all MSDSs before using a hazardous chemical. Point 4 of 18 3005 MSDS: Sections Information in a MSDS is divided into sections: • Product identification • Hazardous ingredients • Physical data • Fire and explosion hazard data • Health hazard data • Emergency and first aid procedures • Reactivity data • Spill, leak, and disposal procedures • Personal protection information IMAGE: 3005.JPG Let’s take a closer look at each section. Point 5 of 18 3006 MSDS Sections: Product Identification The Product Identification section contains general information such as the: • Brand name of the product • Chemical name of the product • Chemical formula of the product, if applicable • Name and address of the product manufacturer • Emergency phone number for questions regarding product toxicity and other hazards IMAGE: 3006.JPG Point 6 of 18 3007 MSDS Sections: Hazardous Ingredients This section lists the hazardous chemicals present in the product. IMAGE: 3007.JPG Any exposure limits [link to glossary] for each chemical also are listed. Point 7 of 18 3008 MSDS Sections: Physical Data This section lists physical properties of the product. For example: • Boiling point • Melting point • Appearance • Odor IMAGE: 3008.JPG Point 8 of 18 3009 MSDS Sections: Fire and Explosion Hazard Data This section of the MSDS provides information about flammability [link to glossary] of the product. It also lists how to properly extinguish fires involving the product. Information includes: • • • • • Flashpoint Auto-ignition temperature Extinguishing media Fire-fighting procedures Fire or explosion hazards Click on each item to learn more. CLICK TO REVEAL Flashpoint: Lowest temperature at which this product gives off enough vapor to ignite, if an ignition source (spark or flame) is present Auto-ignition temperature: Temperature at which this product will ignite without a source of ignition Extinguishing media: Appropriate materials for extinguishing a fire involving this product. To extinguish a fire involving this product, be certain to choose the appropriate extinguisher. Fire or explosion hazards: Conditions that may cause this product to explode or ignite. Be certain to avoid these conditions. Never smoke in areas where chemicals may be present. A match, lighter, or cigarette could set off an explosion or start a fire. Fire-fighting procedures: Any special instructions, equipment, or methods for limiting hazards during a fire involving this product. Be certain to follow these instructions in the event of a fire. Point 9 of 18 3010 MSDS Sections: Health Hazard Data The Health Hazard section lists signs and symptoms of: • Normal exposure • Overexposure IMAGE: 3010.JPG This section also may contain information about toxicity. This information is most often based on animal studies. Point 10 of 18 3011 MSDS Sections: Emergency and First Aid Procedures First aid measures are based on exposure route: • Eyes • Skin • Inhalation • Ingestion • Injection IMAGE: 3011.JPG Point 11 of 18 3012 MSDS Sections: Reactivity Data The reactivity data section provides information about the product’s stability. It also contains any special storage or use instructions. Follow these instructions. Specific information in this section includes: • • • • Stability Incompatibility Hazardous decomposition products Hazardous polymerization Click on each item to learn more. CLICK TO REVEAL Stability: Unstable products may react spontaneously under normal conditions. This can potentially cause a fire or explosion. A list of conditions to avoid may be provided. Do not expose the product to any of these conditions. Incompatibility: Certain materials may be considered incompatible with this product. When mixed with the product, these materials create hazardous conditions. Do not store this product with any materials listed as incompatible. Hazardous decomposition products [link to glossary]: These are chemical substances created when the product decomposes or burns. Hazardous polymerization [link to glossary]: This product may polymerize rapidly, creating enough heat to cause its container to explode. A list of conditions to avoid may be provided. Do not expose the product to any of these conditions. Point 12 of 18 3013 MSDS Sections: Spill, Leak, and Disposal Procedures This section provides: • Information about how to cleanup a spill • Appropriate waste disposal methods IMAGE: 3013.GIF Always follow instructions for appropriate disposal methods. Point 13 of 18 3014 MSDS Sections: Personal Protection Information This section provides information about required personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilation. IMAGE: 3014.JPG Proper ventilation protects against inhalation hazards. A fume hood may be needed. Always use a hood if required. A hood prevents inhalation hazards by: • Removing hazardous vapors from the source • Not allowing the release of vapors into the environment • Venting vapors safely Use of PPE will be discussed in lesson 5. Point 14 of 18 3015 Review FLASH INTERACTION: 3015.SWF/FLA Drag and drop responsibilities from the word bank to complete the table of responsibilities below. Manufacturer Responsibilities Determine the physical and health hazards of products Develop MSDSs for all hazardous products Distribute MSDs to purchasers Employer Responsibilities Compile a list of all hazardous chemicals used in a facility Acquire and maintain a file of MSDSs for all hazardous chemicals used in a facility Ensure that appropriate MSDSs are readily available to workers Employee Responsibilities Know where MSDSs are located Know how to read an MSDS Follow MSDS instructions for chemical use and storage Point 15 of 18 3016 Review The information in the Fire and Explosion Hazard section of an MSDS is only useful to firefighters. a. True b. False TRUE / FALSE INTERACTION Correct answer: B Feedback for A: Incorrect. This information is for all users of the material. Avoid any conditions listed as fire or explosion hazards. If a fire should break out, be sure to use the recommended extinguishing agent. Feedback for A: Correct. This information is for all users of the material. Avoid any conditions listed as fire or explosion hazards. If a fire should break out, be sure to use the recommended extinguishing agent. Point 16 of 18 3017 Summary You have completed the lesson on material safety data sheets. NO IMAGE Remember: • The manufacturer of any hazardous chemical must research, develop, and distribute a MSDS. • Your employer must acquire and maintain a file of MSDSs for all hazardous chemicals used in your facility. This file must be readily available to all workers. • Employees must know where to find MSDSs. You must know how to read them. You should also follow MSDS instructions for chemical use and storage. • Information in an MSDS is divided into sections. • The Product Identification section contains general information about the product and the manufacturer. • The Hazardous Ingredients section lists the hazardous chemicals present in the product. Point 17 of 18 3018 Summary (continued) Remember: • The Physical Data section lists physical properties of the product. • The Fire and Explosion Hazard Data section provides information about flammability. It also lists how to fight fires involving the material. Follow all instructions provided in this section. • The Health Hazard Data section lists signs and symptoms of exposure. • The Emergency and First Aid Procedures section gives first aid instructions. • The Reactivity Data section gives information about the product’s stability and compatibility. Follow these instructions carefully. • The Spill, Leak, and Disposal Procedures section gives cleanup and disposal instructions. Follow these instructions carefully. NO IMAGE Point 18 of 18 Lesson 4: Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals 4001 Introduction & Objectives Welcome to the lesson on labeling of hazardous chemicals. FLASH ANIMATION: 4001.SWF/FLA After completing this lesson, you should be able to: • Describe who is responsible for labeling hazardous chemicals • Read and recognize the contents of a container label Please change “Labelling” to “Labeling” Point 1 of 19 4002 Container Labels: Manufacturer Responsibilities The HCS requires chemical manufacturers to label all containers of hazardous materials. IMAGE: 4002.JPG Labels must be written in English. A label must include the following information: • Name of the hazardous product or chemical (as it appears on the MSDS) • Appropriate hazard warnings • The name and address of the manufacturer Point 2 of 18 4003 Container Labels: Employer Responsibilities Your employer is responsible for ensuring that all chemical containers are labeled properly. IMAGE: 4003.JPG Incoming chemicals should be inspected to verify proper labeling by the manufacturer. If a chemical is transferred, the new container must be labeled with: • The name of the product • Appropriate hazard warnings • The name and address of the manufacturer Point 3 of 18 4004 Container Labels: Employee Responsibilities It is your responsibility to read product labels carefully. IMAGE: 4004.JPG Check for: • Instructions • Hazard warnings Follow instructions carefully. Heed all warnings. Point 4 of 18 4005 Hazard Warnings Warnings may appear in the form of text. They often include standardized symbols for quick reference. IMAGE: 4005.GIF You can enhance your ability to heed hazard warnings by learning to interpret these symbols. Point 5 of 18 4006 NFPA 704 The NFPA 704 chemical hazard label is often used. It provides a standard system for indicating degree of hazard. IMAGE: 4006.GIF The NFPA 704 label has three major color-coded categories: • • • Health (blue) Flammability (red) Instability (yellow) Degree of hazard in each category is indicated by number: • 4: Severe • 3: Serious • 2: Moderate • 1: Slight • 0: Minimal Point 6 of 18 4007 NFPA 704 (Cont.) NFPA 704 also has a section for special hazards. These are located in the white corner of the label. They are indicated by symbol. IMAGE: 4006.GIF Let’s take a closer look at each corner of the NFPA 704 label. Point 7 of 18 4008 NFPA 704: Health Degree of health hazard is indicated in the blue corner. IMAGE: 4008.GIF A four (4) indicates severe health hazard: • Very short-term exposure could cause death or major residual injury. [glossary] This can happen even with prompt medical treatment. • This material is too dangerous to be handled without appropriate PPE. A three (3) indicates serious health hazard: • Short-term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. This can happen even with prompt medical treatment. • Avoid all bodily contact with this material. A two (2) indicates moderate health hazard: • Intense or extended exposure could cause temporary damage. Residual injury is also possible. Prompt medical treatment is required. Point 8 of 18 4009 NFPA 704: Health (Cont.) A one (1) indicates slight health hazard: • Exposure could cause irritation. Only minor residual injury is possible, even without medical treatment. IMAGE: 4008.GIF A zero (0) indicates minimal health hazard: • Exposure poses essentially no health hazard. Point 9 of 18 4010 NFPA 704: Fire Degree of fire hazard is indicated in the red corner. IMAGE: 4010.GIF A four (4) indicates severe fire hazard: • This material is extremely flammable. A three (3) indicates serious fire hazard: • This material is flammable. It will readily ignite under almost all ambient temperature conditions. A two (2) indicates moderate fire hazard: • This material is combustible. [glossary] It will burn if heated moderately or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures. A one (1) indicates slight fire hazard: • This material is only slightly combustible. Considerable preheating would be required for it to burn. A zero (0) indicates minimal fire hazard: • This material will not burn. Point 10 of 18 4011 NFPA 704: Instability Degree of instability is indicated in the yellow corner. IMAGE: 4011.GIF A four (4) indicates severe instability hazard: • This material could readily detonate or explode at normal temperatures and pressures. A three (3) indicates serious instability hazard: • A strong outside force or heat under pressure could initiate an explosion. • This material may react explosively with water. A two (2) indicates moderate instability hazard: • This material is normally unstable. It could readily undergo a violent chemical reaction, but will not detonate. • This material may react violently with water. Point 11 of 18 4012 NFPA 704: Instability (Cont.) A one (1) indicates slight instability hazard: • This material is normally stable. It could become unstable at high temperatures and pressures. • This material may react with water energetically, but not violently. IMAGE: 4012.GIF A zero (0) indicates minimal instability hazard: • This material is normally stable. This is true even at extremely high temperatures. • This material does not react with water. Point 12 of 18 4013 NFPA 704: Special Special hazards are indicated in the white corner. IMAGE: 4013.GIF The official NFPA 704 code specifies only two symbols for special hazards: • OX: Oxidizing agent [glossary] • W or W: Reacts energetically with water Other commonly used symbols may include: • ACID: Acid • ALK: Alkaline (base) • SA: Simple asphyxiant [glossary] • COR: Corrosive [glossary] • HF: Hydrofluoric acid If the product has no special hazards, the white corner may be left blank. Point 13 of 18 4014 Hazard Warnings: Other Symbols Other symbols also may be used to indicate hazard warnings. IMAGE: 4014.GIF These symbols may appear in the white corner of NFPA 704. They may stand alone. Examples are given in the table to the right. Point 14 of 18 4015 Review Under the Hazard Communication Act, all of the following are true of container labeling EXCEPT: a. Hazards may be presented in text, symbols, or the NFPA 704 symbol. b. Labels must include appropriate hazard warnings. c. Labels must include the name of the product, as it appears on the MSDS. d. Manufacturers of hazardous chemicals must label their products in English e. All of the above are true. MULTIPLE CHOICE INTERACTION Correct answer: D Response for A: Not quite. All of these statements are true. Hazardous product labels are required. They must be in English. Labels must include the name of the product. They can be presented in text and/or symbols, including the NFPA 704 symbol. Response for B: Not quite. All of these statements are true. Hazardous product labels are required. They must be in English. Labels must include the name of the product. They can be presented in text and/or symbols, including the NFPA 704 symbol. Response for C: Not quite. All of these statements are true. Hazardous product labels are required. They must be in English. Labels must include the name of the product. They can be presented in text and/or symbols, including the NFPA 704 symbol. Response for D: Not quite. All of these statements are true. Hazardous product labels are required. They must be in English. Labels must include the name of the product. They can be presented in text and/or symbols, including the NFPA 704 symbol. Response for E: Correct! Point 15 of 18 4016 Review You are creating an NFPA 704 label for a new product. The product has the following characteristics: • The material is normally stable. It may become unstable at high temperatures and pressures. • Short-term exposure to this material could cause serious temporary or residual injury. This can happen even with prompt medical treatment. • The material is extremely flammable. • The material is corrosive. FLASH INTERACTION: 4016.SWF/FLA Drag and drop the following numbers and/or symbols, to create the appropriate NFPA 704 label: 0 1 2 3 4 OX COR ALK [Drag and drop to blank NFPA 704 symbol as follows] 3 to blue 4 to red 1 to yellow COR to white Point 16 of 18 4017 Summary You have completed the lesson on chemical container labeling. NO IMAGE Remember: • The manufacturer is must label all containers in English. The label must contain the chemical name and hazard warnings. • Your employer is must make sure that all chemical containers are labeled properly. Incoming chemicals should be inspected to verify proper labeling. If a chemical is transferred to a new container, the new container must be labeled appropriately. • Employees must read product labels carefully. Follow all instructions. Heed all warnings. • The NFPA 704 chemical hazard label provides a standard system for indicating degree of hazard. Point 17 of 18 4018 Summary (Cont.) • The three categories are: Health (blue), flammability (red), and instability (yellow). Degree of hazard is indicated by number: o 4: Severe o 3: Serious o 2: Moderate o 1: Slight o 0: Minimal • Special hazards are shown in the white corner of the NFPA label. Other symbols also may be used to indicate warnings. • NO IMAGE Point 18 of 18 Lesson 5: Personal Protective Equipment 5001 Introduction & Objectives Welcome to the lesson on personal protective equipment (PPE). FLASH ANIMATION: 5001.SWF/FLA After completing this lesson, you should be able to: • • Distinguish between the responsibilities of employers and employees, with regard to PPE Recall the various types of PPE that may be required Point 1 of 10 5002 PPE: Purpose The purpose of PPE is to shield workers from physical and health hazards. FLASH ANIMATION: 5002.SWF/FLA Point 2 of 10 5003 PPE: Employer Responsibilities Your employer is responsible for selecting PPE. They must provide appropriate PPE for all hazards in your work area. IMAGE: 5003.JPG Your employer must train all workers required to use PPE. Training should educate employees about: • When to use PPE • Which types of PPE to use • How to put on PPE • How to use PPE • How to remove PPE • How to store and maintain reusable PPE • How to dispose of single-use PPE Point 3 of 10 5004 PPE: Employee Responsibilities Trained employees are responsible for following facility procedures for PPE. IMAGE: 5004.JPG Reusable PPE should be decontaminated, cleaned, and stored after each use. Single-use PPE should be disposed of according to facility protocol. This is also true for heavily contaminated reusable PPE. Point 4 of 10 5005 Types of PPE Types of PPE may include: • Protective clothing • Respiratory equipment • Eye protection IMAGE: 5005.JPG Point 5 of 10 5006 Types of PPE: Protective Clothing Protective clothing may include: • Gloves • Suits/gowns • Coveralls • Hoods • Boots IMAGE: 5006.JPG Choose a glove material appropriate for the chemical. Latex gloves are permeable to many chemicals. They do not provide adequate protection. Gowns, coveralls, and other protective clothing should be worn if hazardous chemicals might splash or spill on your clothes. Choose protective clothing appropriate for the chemical. Some chemicals require impermeable gowns for adequate protection. Point 6 of 10 5007 Types of PPE: Respiratory Equipment Respirators cover the mouth and nose. They prevent inhalation of hazardous substances. IMAGE: 5007.JPG Respirators are only effective if: • The proper respirator for the chemical/situation is selected. • The worker is trained in use of the respirator. • The respirator fits properly. • The respirator is properly maintained. Point 7 of 10 5008 Types of PPE: Eye Protection Goggles protect the eyes from hazardous chemical splashes. IMAGE: 5008.JPG Face shields protect the entire face. Prescription glasses are not a substitute for goggles. Glasses may break. The also do not shield the eyes from all angles. Point 8 of 10 5009 Review All of the following are true EXCEPT: a. You cannot use too much PPE. b. Latex gloves do not provide protection against many types of chemicals. c. Heavily contaminated reusable PPE should be disposed of according to facility protocol. d. Employers are responsible for selecting and providing appropriate PPE for all hazards present in the work environment. MULTIPLE CHOICE INTERACTION Correct answer: A Feedback for A: Correct. Do not select too much PPE. Excess PPE can create hazards such as physical and mental stress and impaired vision, mobility, and/or communication. Feedback for B: Incorrect. B, C, and D all are true. The correct answer is A. Do not select too much PPE. Excess PPE can create hazards such as physical and mental stress and impaired vision, mobility, and/or communication. Feedback for C: Incorrect. B, C, and D all are true. The correct answer is A. Do not select too much PPE. Excess PPE can create hazards such as physical and mental stress and impaired vision, mobility, and/or communication. Feedback for D: Incorrect. B, C, and D all are true. The correct answer is A. Do not select too much PPE. Excess PPE can create hazards such as physical and mental stress and impaired vision, mobility, and/or communication. Point 9 of 10 5010 Summary You have completed the lesson on PPE. NO IMAGE Remember: • • • • • • Employers must select and provide appropriate PPE for all hazards in the work environment. Employers must train workers in the safe and effective use of PPE. Trained employees must follow facility procedures and protocols for the selection, use, storage, maintenance, and disposal of PPE. Choose protective clothing appropriate for the chemical. Use respirators appropriately. Use goggles or a face shield when there is a risk of splash or splatter from a hazardous chemical. Point 10 of 10 [Hazard Communication] Course Glossary # 1 Term exposure limit 2 3 flammability decomposition 4 polymerization 5 6 7 residual injury combustible oxidizing agent long-lasting health damage able to be burned chemical that can act as an electron acceptor; often a very reactive chemical; may form unstable mixtures that create a risk of fire or explosion when in contact with combustible material 8 9 asphyxiant corrosive 10 OSHA vapor or gas that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation able to cause visible destruction or irreversible alteration of living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact Occupational Safety and Health Administration Definition the maximum concentration of a chemical to which most people can be exposed without experiencing harmful effects the measure of a material’s ability to burn chemical separation of a substance into two or more products; the products may differ from each other and from the original substance a chemical reaction in which one or more small molecules combine to form larger molecules [Hazard Communication] Pre-Assessment 1. Which of the following chemicals presents a physical hazard? a. Chemical A: This chemical is used to clean heat-sensitive equipment such as endoscopes. b. Chemical B: This chemical causes liver damage when absorbed into the bloodstream through the skin. c. Chemical C: This chemical irritates the nose and throat when inhaled. d. All of these are physical hazards. e. None of these is a physical hazard. Correct answer: E Rationale: Physical hazards explode, ignite, or react violently with other substances. All of the chemicals listed are health hazards. Chemical A is Glutaraldehyde. 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Intact skin provides an impermeable barrier against all hazardous chemicals. b. It is safe to smoke around hazardous chemicals, as long as you wear gloves. c. Inhaled chemicals cannot enter the bloodstream through the lungs. d. Strong acids can burn the eyes, but strong alkalines (bases) cannot. e. None of these is true. Correct answer: E Rationale: Inhaled chemicals can irritate the nose or throat, damage the lungs, and/or enter the bloodstream through the lungs. Skin is not impermeable. You should never smoke around hazardous chemicals. 3. Solids in the form of dust, fume, or fibers are rarely hazardous. a. True b. False Correct answer: B Rationale: Solids are not usually hazardous. Most solid materials are not readily absorbed into the body. Dust, fume, and fibers, however, can be highly hazardous. 4. You are working to bring a healthcare facility into compliance with the MSDS-related provisions of OSHA’s HCS. You interview administrative personnel at the facility. You learn that the facility has compiled a list of all hazardous chemicals to which workers in the facility might be exposed. An MSDS corresponding to each chemical on the list has been obtained and filed. For full compliance, you advise that this facility also must: a. Verify the accuracy of all health hazard information contained in the MSDS file. b. c. d. e. Ensure that the MSDS file is readily available to all workers in their work areas, at all times. Review the MSDS file, in order to compile a list of manufacturer emergency phone numbers. All of these are requirements under OSHA’s HCS. None of these is a requirement under OSHA’s HCS. Correct answer: B Rationale: Under the HCS, employers are not responsible for verifying the accuracy of MSDS information, or compiling a list of emergency numbers. 5. You are preparing to work with Chemical A. You open the appropriate storage cabinet, and notice Chemical B, as well as Chemical A. Based on your knowledge of both chemicals; you suspect that they should not be stored together. Which section of the MSDS should you consult, in order to confirm your suspicion? a. Hazardous Ingredients b. Physical Data c. Fire and Explosion Hazard Data d. Reactivity Data Correct answer: D Rationale: The Reactivity Data section of an MSDS provides information regarding the material’s stability, as well as any special storage or use instructions. Any products or substances that should not be stored with the material are listed under Incompatibility in the Reactivity section. 6. You are preparing an NFPA 704 chemical hazard label for a new product. You know that the product has severe reactivity hazards, serious flammability hazards, and moderate health hazards. There are no special hazard warnings associated with the product. How should you label each corner of the NFPA 704 label? a. Red corner: 3. Yellow corner: 0. White corner: 2. Blue corner: 4. b. Red corner: 3. Yellow corner: 4. White corner: blank. Blue corner: 2. c. Red corner: 1. Yellow corner: 3. White corner: 4. Blue corner: blank. d. Red corner: 0. Yellow corner: 4. White corner: 1. Blue corner: 3. Correct answer: B Rationale: This answer choice indicates moderate health hazards (blue: 2), serious flammability hazards (red: 3), severe reactivity hazards (yellow: 4), and no special hazards (white: blank). 7. You are preparing to work with a chemical. Prior to opening the container, you inspect the label for any special instructions or warnings. You notice the symbol COR in one corner of the NFPA 704 chemical hazard label. You are wearing prescription glasses, jeans, a t-shirt, and tennis shoes. Based solely on this information, which of the following types of PPE should you consider including in your PPE ensemble? a. Goggles b. Gloves c. Lab coat d. All of these e. None of these Correct answer: D Rationale: The symbol COR indicates that the chemical is corrosive. A corrosive chemical is able to destroy living tissue upon short- or long-term contact. Select PPE to protect the eyes and all exposed skin. You need goggles for the eyes. Remember that prescription glasses are not a substitute for goggles. You will also need gloves for the skin of the hands. You should wear a lab coat to protect the skin of your arms. 8. Regarding the local and systemic effects of toxic chemicals, all of the following are true EXCEPT: a. A chemical burn on the skin is an example of a local effect. b. Brain damage from ingested lead is an example of a systemic effect. c. All toxic chemicals have both local and systemic effects. d. The liver and the heart are two of the organs most commonly harmed by chemicals with systemic effects. e. All of these are true. Correct: C Answer rationale: Toxic chemicals may have local effects only, systemic effects only, or both local and systemic effects. 9. You can never use too much PPE when working with a hazardous chemical that has adverse health effects. a. True b. False Correct answer: B Answer rationale: Excess PPE can create hazards such as heat stress. Excess PPE can also impair vision, mobility, and communication. 10. Under the Hazard Communication Act, all of the following are true of container labeling EXCEPT: a. The NFPA 704 symbol is required. b. Labels must include appropriate hazard warnings. c. Labels must include the name of the product, as it appears on the MSDS. d. Manufacturers of hazardous chemicals must label their products in English. e. All of the above are true of container labeling. Correct answer: A Answer rationale: The NFPA 704 symbol provides a standard system for indicating chemical hazards. However, this symbol is not required. Final Exam 1. OSHA requires all employers to develop written hazard communication programs. a. True b. False Correct answer: A Answer rationale: under the Hazard Communication Standard, all employers are required to develop written hazard communication programs. 2. All of the following chemicals are physical hazards EXCEPT: a. Trinitrotoluene b. Compressed gas in a cylinder c. Alcohol d. Glutaraldehyde e. Only B is a physical hazard Correct answer: D Answer rationale: TNT, compressed gas in a cylinder, and alcohols are all physical hazards. Glutaraldehyde is a health hazard. 3. Exposure to a chemical that is a health hazard can occur through all of the following EXCEPT: a. Eyes b. Skin c. Mouth d. All of these are exposure routes e. None of these are exposure routes Correct answer: D Answer Rationale: Exposure to health hazards can occur through the eyes, skin, inhalation, ingestion (mouth), or injection. 4. It is safe to smoke while handling non-flammable chemicals. a. True b. False Correct answer: False Answer rationale: Smoking can lead to exposure. It is never safe to smoke while handling chemicals 5. Solids are rarely hazardous. a. True b. False Correct answer: B Answer rationale: Solids, including dust, fume, and fibers can be highly hazardous. 6. In which section of a MSDS would you find information about exposure limits? a. Product identification b. Hazardous ingredients c. Physical data d. Health hazard data Correct answer: B Answer rationale: The exposure limits are listed in the Hazardous ingredients section. The Health hazard data section lists the signs and symptoms of exposure. 7. Under the Hazard Communication Act, employers are responsible for: a. Developing MSDSs for all hazardous chemicals used in their facilities b. Verifying the accuracy of MSDS received with hazardous chemical shipments c. Maintaining a file of MSDSs for all hazardous chemicals used in their facilities d. All of these e. None of these Correct answer: C Answer rationale: Employers are not responsible for creating MSDSs or verifying their accuracy. The manufacturer of each hazardous chemical is responsible for creating a corresponding MSDSs and providing accurate information. 8. A product labeled with the NFPA 704 symbol has a three (3) in the red corner of the symbol. This indicates that: a. Exposure to the product could cause death or severe residual injury. b. This product will ignite under almost ambient temperature conditions. c. This material could readily undergo a violent chemical reaction, but will not detonate. d. This material is acidic. Correct answer: B Answer rationale: A three (3) in the red corner of the symbol indicates serious flammability hazard. 9. The NFPA 704 chemical hazard label indicates the degree of hazard. It uses three major color-coded categories: Health (yellow), Flammability (red), and Instability (blue). a. True b. False Correct answer: B Answer rationale: The NFPA 704 label categories are: Health (blue), Flammability (red), and Instability (yellow). 10. If a product is an oxidizing agent, a ____ symbol will appear in the ____ corner of the NFPA 704 label. a. OX white b. OX yellow c. OA white d. OA yellow Correct answer A Answer rationale: Special hazards are indicated in the white corner. The official symbol for oxidizing agent is OX. 11. Latex gloves should always be used as PPE when handling chemicals in the healthcare environment. a. True b. False Correct answer: False Answer rationale: Latex gloves are permeable to many types of chemicals. They do not provide adequate protection.
