8 LABAIRE SYSTEMS
SECTION 12 35 53.23
SOLID-PLASTIC LABORATORY CASEWORK
1.01
A.
SUMMARY
Section Includes:
SPECIFIER: Select either polypropylene (PP) or polyvinylchloride (PVC) in subparagraph below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Solid-plastic, [Polypropylene] [Polyvinylchloride] cabinetry.
Cabinet hardware and related accessories.
Work surfaces.
Fixtures (if specified), shipped loose for field installation.
1.02
A.
RELATED REQUIREMENTS
Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01
Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
SPECIFIER: Retain paragraph below if fume hoods are specified for secure mounting on casework.
B. Section 11 53 13 - Laboratory Fume Hoods: For casework-mounted chemical fume hood units.
SPECIFIER: Indicate specific Sections in the 2 Divisions of Work below, or keep as is.
1.03
C.
D.
A.
Division 22 - Plumbing: Furnishing and installation of plumbing utilities and final connections.
Division 26 - Electrical: Furnishing and installation of electrical utilities and final connections.
DEFINITIONS
B.
C.
Exposed Surfaces of Cabinets: Surfaces visible when doors and drawers are closed, including visible surfaces in open cabinets or behind glazed doors.
Semiexposed Surfaces of Cabinets: Surfaces behind opaque doors or drawer fronts, including interior faces of doors and interiors and sides of drawers, and bottoms of wall cabinets.
Concealed Surfaces of Cabinets: Surfaces not usually visible after installation, including sleepers, web frames, dust panels, bottoms of drawers, ends of cabinets installed directly against and completely concealed by walls or other cabinets, and tops of wall cabinets and utility cabinets.
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1.04
8 LABAIRE SYSTEMS
REFERENCES
SPECIFIER: Use care when indicating the edition date of the referenced standards; these standards are subject to regular review, and updated accordingly.
A. ASTM International (ASTM)
1. ASTM C1048-04, Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass--Kind HS, Kind FT Coated and
Uncoated Glass.
2. ASTM C1172-09e1, Standard Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
SPECIFIER: The remainder of the ASTM references listed below apply to the physical characteristics of cabinets constructed of the standard Polypropylene "Protec TM PP" material and do not reflect additional ASTM references of the alternative construction materials; review additional references carefully to ensure incorporation, or delete all at Specifier's option.
7.
8.
9.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ASTM D570-98(2010)e1, Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
ASTM D638-10, Standard Test Method for Tensile properties of Plastics
ASTM D695-10, Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
ASTM D790-10, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
ASTM D4101-10a, Standard Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
ASTM E84-10b, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
ASTM E162-09, Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy
Source
B. Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association (BHMA)
SPECIFIER: Retain paragraph below if cabinet doors are glazed and door glazing is required to be impact-resistant rated.
C. US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
1. 16 CFR Part 1201 (1-1-05 Edition) Safety Standards for Architectural Glazing Materials
SPECIFIER: Delete paragraph below if polypropylene is not selected for casework construction.
D. The Scientific Equipment and Furniture Association (SEFA)
1. SEFA 8P-2010, Laboratory Grade Polypropylene Casework
SPECIFIER: Retain paragraph below if casework is required to be fire-rated.
[E. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL)]
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1.05 ACTION AND INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS
SPECIFIER: Revise Section number in the paragraph below to match that used in the Project Manual.
A. Submit in accordance with Section [01 33 00] [Other] :
1. Product Data: For each product indicated, submit technical data. Include the following: a. b. c.
Manufacturer's model number.
Detailed specifications of construction.
Accessories and components that will be included for Project.
2. Shop Drawings: Include plans, elevations, and sections with dimensions, description of materials and finishes, general construction roughing-in dimensions, component connections, anchorage methods, hardware, utility service requirements, and attachments to other work. a. Include layout of units with relation to surrounding walls, doors, windows, Show plans, elevations, ends, cross-sections, service run spaces, location, and type of service fixtures with required service connections. Show details and location of anchorages and fittings to floors, walls, and base. b. c.
Indicate utility service connections for water, drainage, and power; include roughing-in dimensions.
Show edge and backsplash profiles, methods of joining work surfaces, and cutouts for plumbing fixtures
SPECIFIER: Include reference to fume hoods in subparagraph below if applicable. d. Coordinate shop drawings with other trades whose work affects installation of casework [and fume hoods] .
3. Samples: a. Not less than 4" square piece of cabinet material stock used in the general construction of the b. casework, in color specified, if requested by the Architect.
Not less than 4" square piece of work surface material, in thickness, color, and finish specified, if work surface material is not made from the same material as cabinets.
SPECIFIER: Retain the subparagraph below if custom hardware is specified in lieu of manufacturer's standard hardware.
[c. One piece of each door and drawer hardware item indicated, in finish specified.]
4. Qualification Statements: Written statement from casework manufacturer, that installer meets the requirements specified in Article 1.07 QUALITY ASSURANCE.
1.06 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS
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SPECIFIER: Revise Section number in the paragraph below to match that used in the Project Manual.
A. Submit in accordance with Section [01 77 00] [Other] :
1. Maintenance Data: Include detailed instructions for maintenance of casework.
1.07
A.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Compliance:
1. Comply with the provisions of the Building Code, these specifications, and standards referenced in Article
1.04 REFERENCES, except where more stringent requirements are shown on the Drawings or specified herein.
B.
C.
D.
Manufacturer: A firm with undivided responsibility for the fabrication of casework, and performed at a single location.
Installer: The manufacturer or an installer authorized by the manufacturer to install laboratory casework, with at least 10 years of successful experience in installing casework similar to that specified.
Catalog Standards: Manufacturer's catalog numbers may be shown on Drawings for convenience in identifying certain laboratory cabinet work. Unless modified by Drawings and Specifications, catalog description for indicated number constitutes requirements for each such cabinet.
1. The use of catalog numbers and specific requirements shown on the Drawings and specified, are not intended to preclude the use of any other acceptable manufacturer's products and procedures, but to establish standard of design and quality for materials, construction, and workmanship.
SPECIFIER: Delete paragraph below if polypropylene is not selected for casework construction.
Chemical and physical resistance of exterior finish of casework shall conform to SEFA minimum standards. E.
1.08
A.
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Deliver, store, and handle casework using means and methods that will prevent damage, deterioration, and loss, including theft and vandalism. Comply with manufacturer's written instructions.
1. Deliver casework to Project site in an undamaged condition in manufacturer's original sealed containers or other packaging system, complete with labels and instructions for handling, storing, unpacking, protecting,
2. and installing.
Inspect casework on delivery to determine compliance with the Contract Documents and to determine that products are undamaged and properly protected.
1.09 FIELD CONDITIONS
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A. Environmental Requirements:
1. Do not install casework until building is enclosed, and surrounding construction is completed and will not affect the final positioning of the product, including floor, wall and ceiling finishes, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection work performed by others.
B.
C.
D.
Established Dimensions: Where casework is indicated to fit to other construction, establish dimensions for areas where casework is to fit. Coordinate construction to ensure that actual dimensions correspond to established dimensions. Provide fillers and scribes to allow for trimming and fitting.
Field Measurements: Where casework is indicated to fit to existing construction, verify dimensions of existing construction by field measurements before fabrication and indicate measurements on Shop Drawings. Provide fillers and scribes to allow for trimming and fitting.
Field Measurements for Work Surfaces: Verify actual dimensions of work surfaces by field measurements after base cabinets are installed but before fabrication of work surfaces is complete.
1.10 COORDINATION
SPECIFER: Indicate the requirement for blocking, plywood backing, and reinforcement to be shown on Drawings; delete first paragraph below if cabinets are installed on masonry walls.
A. Coordinate layout and installation of blocking, plywood backing and reinforcement in lightgage steel-framed partitions for support of casework.
Coordinate locations of utilities that will penetrate work surfaces or backsplashes. B.
1.11 WARRANTY
SPECIFIER: When warranties are required, verify with Owner's counsel that warranties stated in this Article are not less than remedies available to Owner under prevailing local laws.
A. Warranty: Manufacturer's standard form in which manufacturer agrees to repair or replace casework that fail in materials or workmanship within specified warranty period.
1. Failures include, but are not limited to: a. b.
Manufacturer defects; structural failure; c. d. warping, and; finish.
2. Failures do not include: a. Damages caused by misuse, abuse, or modifications made by the Owner.
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3. Warranty Period: One [Other] year [s] from the [date of Substantial Completion] [date of customer acceptance of completed installation] .
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01
A.
MANUFACTURER
Acceptable Manufacturers:
LabAire Systems, a Division of Activar Plastics Products Group
9650 Newton Avenue South
Bloomington, Minnesota 55431
B. Substitutions: Manufacturers seeking approval of their products are required to comply with the Owner's
Instructions to Bidders.
2.02
A.
MANUFACTURED UNITS
Casework: "LAS" Series cabinets, including doors, drawers, and related components.
SPECIFIER: Flush overlay is manufacturer's standard construction; select optional face style if desired.
1. Face Style: Flush overlay; door and drawer faces cover cabinet fronts with only enough space between faces for operating clearance.
2. Cabinet Style: Face frame.
SPECIFIER: Select either paragraph below as applicable; if a schedule is included, retain second paragraph and select location for Casework Schedule.
2.03
A.
[B. Model Number(s): Refer to Drawings.]
[B. Model Number(s): Refer to Casework Schedule [at the end of this Section] [on the Drawings] for a complete list of casework.]
MATERIALS
Materials:
SPECIFIER: Select polypropylene (manufacturer's standard) or indicate other material in paragraph below, selected from the charts included at the end of this Specification; review optional materials with manufacturer to determine which material is most appropriate for your Project.
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Optional materials include:
Corzan 7 CPVC
Flametec TM CP-7D
Flametec TM Clean Room PVC-C
Flametec TM Kytec 7 PVDF
Halar ECTFE
Vintec I 7 PVC
1. Casework: Polypropylene "Protec TM PP" (Vycom Corporation) [Other] . a. Physical Characteristics: Refer to manufacturer's chart at end of this Specification.
SPECIFIER: Specify desired work surface material and its physical characteristics, including product name, manufacturer, style, size, color, finish, etc.; polypropylene is standard; examples of other acceptable work surfaces are indicated below.
2. Work Surfaces: a. [Polypropylene as specified above] [other cabinet material as specified above] [High pressure laminate] [Phenolic resin] [Slate] [Stainless steel] [Trespa ] :
3. Door Glazing:
SPECIFIER: Tempered glass is standard; select optional laminated safety glass if required by Code or desired. a. Heat-Treated Float Glass: ASTM C1048; Type I; Quality-Q3; Class I unless otherwise indicated;
Kind FT fully tempered.
[b. Laminated Safety Glass: Clear laminated glass complying with ASTM C1172 and with testing requirements in 16 CFR 1201 for Category II materials.
1) Construction: Two plies of 1/8-inch thick tempered float glass, each complying with
ASTM C1048; Type I; Quality-Q3; Class I, and; separated by a clear 0.030-inch polyvinyl butyral interlayer.
2)
3)
Overall Glass Thickness: 1/4-inch (nominal).
Provide safety glazing labeling.]
4.
5.
6.
Adhesives/Sealants: 100 percent silicone.
Fasteners: Manufacturer's standard fasteners to match casework material, unless otherwise recommended by manufacturer.
Door and Drawer Hardware: Refer to Article 2.04.
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SPECIFIER: Select first Article 2.04 for casework manufacturer's standard hardware; select second Article 2.04 for nonstandard or custom hardware.
2.04
A.
STANDARD DOOR AND DRAWER HARDWARE
Door Hardware: Constructed of polypropylene, unless otherwise recommended by casework manufacturer.
1. Hinges: Manufacturer's standard semi-concealed 5-knuckle hinges recessed in cabinet doors and frames. a. Provide one pair for doors less than 4 feet high; 1-1/2 pair for doors over 4 feet high.
2. Pulls: Manufacturer's standard recessed pulls, flush with door surface. a. Provide one pull for each door.
3. Catches: Manufacturer's standard magnetic catches, recessed in door and mating cabinet surface. a. Provide one set for each door less than 4 feet high; 2 sets for doors over 4 feet high.
B. Drawer Hardware: Constructed of polypropylene, unless otherwise indicated or recommended by casework manufacturer
1.
2.
Slides: UHMW (Ultra-high molecular weight) self-lubricating polyethylene slides.
Pulls: Manufacturer's standard recessed pulls, flush with drawer surface. a. Provide one pull for each drawer; 2 pulls for drawers over 30 inches wide.
SPECIFIER: Locks are available upon request; contact manufacturer for information on specific locks.
C. Locks:
1. [Insert lock description] .
SPECIFIER: Select lock frequency in subparagraph below, based on Owner information.
2.
3.
Provide locks [on each door and drawer] [where shown on the Drawings] .
Keying a. Provide noncaptive operation; key may be removed in locked or unlocked position.
SPECIFIER: Select desired keying in subparagraph below, based on Owner information. b. Provide 2 keys for each lock; key locks [alike] [alike in each room] [alike by group] .
D. Miscellaneous:
1. Shelf Standards and Supports: Shelf pins front and rear at ends of each shelf; 1/4 inch diameter on 2-inch
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SPECIFIER: Label holders are available upon request; contact manufacturer for information on specific label holders.
2. Label Holders: a. [Insert label holder description] . b. Provide where indicated on Drawings.
SPECIFIER: Select the following Article in lieu of the Article above for nonstandard hardware using one or more of the basic types specified in each category of hardware below, or; insert specifier-choice alternative hardware.
NOTE: Items specified below are EXAMPLES ONLY.
NONSTANDARD DOOR AND DRAWER HARDWARE 2.04
A. Door Hardware:
1. Hinges: a. Butt Hinges: 2-3/4-inch, 5-knuckle steel hinges made from 0.095-inch thick metal.
SPECIFIER: Select hinge for "Overlay" or "Flush" doors in subparagraph below.
[1) Semiconcealed Hinges for Overlay Doors: BHMA A156.9, B01521.]
[2) Semiconcealed Hinges for Flush Doors: BHMA A156.9, B01361.]
SPECIFIER: Select degree-of-swing and indicate if hinges provide self-closing feature in subparagraph below. b. Frameless Concealed Hinges (European Type): BHMA A156.9, B01602, [100] [135] [170] c. degrees of opening [, self-closing] .
Provide one pair for doors less than 4 feet high and 1-1/2 pair for doors over 4 feet.
2. Pulls: a. Back-Mounted Pulls: BHMA A156.9, B02011.
SPECIFIER: Select material and pull dimensions in subparagraph below.
b. c.
Wire Pulls: Back mounted, solid [metal] [plastic], [4 inches long, 5/16-inch diameter] [5 inches long, 2-1/2 inches deep, and 5/16-inch in diameter] .
Provide one pull for each door.
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3. Catches:
SPECIFIER: Select catch type in subparagraph below.
4.
8 LABAIRE SYSTEMS a. b.
Catches: [Magnetic catches, BHMA A156.9, B03141] [Push-in magnetic catches,
BHMA A156.9, B03131] [Roller catches, BHMA A156.9, B03071] [Ball friction catches,
BHMA A156.9, B03013] .
Provide 2 catches on doors over 4 feet high.
Silencers: a. Door Silencers: BHMA A156.16, L03011.
SPECIFIER: Retain slides in subparagraph below, if any, and select material.
5. Slides for Sliding Glass Doors: BHMA A156.9, B07063; [Plastic] [Aluminum] .
B. Drawer Hardware:
1. Slides:
SPECIFIER: Select desired drawer slides from subparagraph a choices below, based on load capacities in subparagraph b below, either anticipated or known (verified with Owner). a. BHMA A156.9, Grade 1 and Grade 2: Side mounted [and extending under bottom edge of drawer] ; [full-extension] [partial-extension] type; [zinc-plated steel] [epoxy-coated steel] with a. a. polymer rollers.
[Epoxy coated steel] [UHMW self-lubricating polyethylene] [100 percent polypropylene] drawer slides.
BHMA A156.9, Grade 1HD-100 and Grade 1HD-200: Side mounted; [full-extension]
[full-overtravel-extension] type; zinc-plated-steel ball-bearing slides.
1) For drawers not more than 3 inches high and not more than 24 inches wide, provide
[Grade 2] [Grade 1] .
2) For drawers more than 3 inches high but not more than 6 inches high and not more than
24 inches wide, provide [Grade 1] [Grade 1HD-100] .
3) For drawers more than 6 inches high or more than 24 inches wide, provide
[Grade 1HD-100] [Grade 1HD-200] .
2. Pulls: a. Back-Mounted Pulls: BHMA A156.9, B02011.
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SPECIFIER: Select material and pull dimensions in subparagraph below.
b. c.
Wire Pulls: Back mounted, solid [metal] [plastic], [4 inches long, 5/16-inch diameter] [5 inches long, 2-1/2 inches deep, and 5/16-inch in diameter] .
Provide one pull for drawer; except provide 2 pulls for drawers over 30 inches wide.
C. Locks:
1.
2.
Door Locks: BHMA A156.11, E07121.
Drawer Locks: BHMA A156.11, E07041.
SPECIFIER: Select lock frequency in subparagraph below, based on Owner information.
2.
3.
Provide locks [on each door and drawer] [where shown on the Drawings] .
Keying a. Provide non-captive operation; key may be removed in locked or unlocked position.
SPECIFIER: Select desired keying in subparagraph below, based on Owner information. b. Provide 2 keys for each lock; key locks [alike] [alike in each room] [alike by group] .
D. Miscellaneous:
1. Shelf Standards and Supports: a. Adjustable Shelf Standards and Supports: [BHMA A156.9, B04071; with shelf rests, B04081]
[BHMA A156.9, B04102; with shelf brackets, B04112] .
SPECIFIER: Select shelf standards and supports, including style in subparagraph above,or; select shelf rests, including material and style, installed in holes drilled in cabinet sides and partitions in subparagraph below, or; select both and identify where each type occurs.
2. Shelf Rests: BHMA A156.9, B04013; [metal] [plastic] [metal, 2-pin type with shelf hold-down clip] .
SPECIFIER: Retain label holders in subparagraph below, based on Owner information.
3. Label Holders: a. [Insert label holder description] . b. Provide where indicated on Drawings.
E. Exposed Hardware Finishes: For exposed hardware, provide finish that complies with BHMA A156.18 for BHMA finish number indicated.
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SPECIFIER: Select hardware finish from examples in subparagraphs below; If more than one finish is required, indicate location of each here or on Drawings.
F.
[1. Dark, Oxidized, Satin Bronze, Oil Rubbed: BHMA 613 for bronze base; BHMA 640 for steel base; match Architect's sample.]
[2. Bright Brass, Clear Coated: BHMA 605 for brass base; BHMA 632 for steel base.]
[3. Bright Brass, Vacuum Coated: BHMA 723 for brass base; BHMA 729 for zinc-coated-steel base.]
[4. Satin Brass, Blackened, Bright Relieved, Clear Coated: BHMA 610 for brass base; BHMA 636 for steel base.]
[5. Satin Chromium Plated: BHMA 626 for brass or bronze base; BHMA 652 for steel base.]
[6. Bright Chromium Plated: BHMA 625 for brass or bronze base; BHMA 651 for steel base.]
[7. Satin Stainless Steel: BHMA 630.]
For concealed hardware, provide manufacturer's standard finish that complies with product class requirements in
BHMA A156.9.
2.05 FIXTURES
SPECIFIER: Review optional fixtures below with the Owner and manufacturer; casework does not come equipped with these unless specified.
1. Fixtures: a. Sinks:
1) Fabricated sinks
2) Custom sized sinks b. Faucets:
1) Premanufactured faucets
2) Fabricated or custom faucets c. Gas:
1) Air
2) Gas
3) Vacuum
4) Other d. Handles
1) Premanufactured handles
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2) Fabricated handles
2.06 ACCESSORIES
SPECIFIER: Additional accessories are available from the manufacturer; review available optional accessories with manufacturer and Owner prior to specifying.
A. Accessories: Available upon request.
1. [Insert description of accessories] .
2.07
A.
CASEWORK FABRICATION
General:
1. Fabricate laboratory casework to dimensions, profiles, and details shown.
2.
3.
Assemble individual units in the shop in as large components as practicable to minimize field jointing.
Use all-welded joinery, unless otherwise specified herein.
B. Hardware: Install hardware uniformly and precisely prior to shipping insofar as practicable; ship remainder of hardware loose, for installation in the field.
1. Adjust and align hardware so that moving parts operate freely and contact points meet accurately. Allow for final field adjustment after installation.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 EXAMINATION
3.02
SPECIFIER: Select Contractor or Construction Manager in paragraph below as applicable.
A. Examine substrates, areas, and conditions, with installer present where indicated, for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance. Notify the [Contractor] [Construction
Manager] of conditions detrimental to performance of the Work and recommended corrections. Where the installation and its completion will be delayed due to existing conditions, follow notification immediately with a written report. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
INSTALLATION
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A.
B.
C.
D.
General: Install casework plumb, level, true, and straight with no distortions. Shim as required, using concealed shims. Where casework abuts other finished work, scribe, and apply filler strips for accurate fit with fasteners concealed where practicable.
Base Cabinets: Set cabinets straight, plumb, and level. Adjust sub-tops within 1/16-inch of a single plane.
Fasten each individual cabinet to floor at toe space, with fasteners spaced 24 inches o.c. Bolt continuous cabinets together. Secure individual cabinets with not less than 2 fasteners into floor, where they do not adjoin other cabinets. Where required, assemble units into one integral unit with joints flush, tight, and uniform. Align similar adjoining doors and drawers to a tolerance of 1/16-inch.
Wall Cabinets: Securely fasten to solid supporting material, e.g. wood blocking in lightgage steel-framed walls, not plaster, lath, or gypsum board. Anchor, adjust, and align wall cabinets as specified for base cabinets.
Work Surfaces:
1. General: a. Fasten work surfaces by screwing through base units into underside of work surfaces using manufacturer's recommended fatseners and practices. b. c. d. e.
Locate field joints as shown on final Shop Drawings, factory prepared so there is no job site processing of top and edge surfaces.
Form seams to align adjacent surfaces flush, without evidence of joinery where possible.
Provide cutouts for sinks and lavatories, including holes for faucets and accessories.
Provide holes and cutouts required for mechanical and electrical service fixtures.
2. Workmanship: a. Abut top and edge surfaces in one true plane, with internal supports placed to prevent deflection.
Provide flush hairline joints using clamping devices.
1) At stone-type material joints, use manufacturer's recommended adhesives with holding devices to provide joint widths not more than 1/16-inch wide, completely filled and flush with abutting edges.
2) Where necessary to penetrate tops with fasteners, countersink heads approximately
1/8-inch and plug hole flush with material equal in chemical resistance, color, hardness, and texture to top surface. b. c.
After installation, carefully dress joints smooth, remove surface scratches, clean, and polish entire surface.
Provide scribe moldings for closures at junctures of top, curb, and splash with walls, as recommended by manufacturer for materials involved. Except where welding is utilized, use chemical resistant, permanently elastic sealing compound where recommended by manufacturer.
E.
F.
Adjust casework and hardware so that doors and drawers operate smoothly without warp and bind. Lubricate operating hardware as recommended by manufacturer.
Coordinate sequence of work with mechanical, plumbing, and electrical trades.
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3.03 CLEANING AND PROTECTION
A. Clean casework immediately following completion of installation in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and recommendations using liquids that will not harm finishes and glazing.
1. Clean exposed, semi-exposed, and concealed surfaces (those behind doors, and behind and within drawers), and glazing.
B.
C.
Final cleaning will be performed by others in a manner acceptable to manufacturer and installer.
SPECIFIER: Select Contractor or Construction Manager in paragraph below as applicable.
Advise [Contractor] [Construction Manager] of methods to protect casework until acceptance by the Owner.
Protect casework from damage due to other construction activity, during installation and after acceptance.
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