PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
INNOVATION & MANAGEMENT
November 30-December 2, 2011
Kitakyushu, Japan
Chief Editors
Ken Kaminishi, Geert Duysters, Arnoldo de Hoyos
Associate Editors
Deng Mingran, Ye Jianmu
Editorial Board
Alessandro Rossini, Antonio Vico Manas, Aquatias Christine,
Ard-Pieter de Man, Chen Jing, Chen Xiaohong, Dash Wu, Deng Mingran,
Diego Conti, Fernando Grisi, Hu Xiangpei, Hu Zhenhua, Irmtraut Mecke,
John Rijpma, Jiang Zhongwei, Jiang Dianchun, Josu Takala,
Kazuhiro Fukuyo, Kazuya Inaba, Ladislau Dowbor, Li Hua, Liu Xielin,
Li Yuan, Marisa Gianetti, Motonobu Kubo, Nakio Ohshima,
Nguyen Huu Phuc, Nobuo Hirohata, Rosa Alegria, Ruth Y. Lopez Trigo,
Sun Shusheng, Tomohisa Kimura, Walter Mcmanus, Vitoria C. Dib,
Wim Vanhaverbeke, Wei Jiang, Wilfred Dolfsma, Xie Kefan, Xu Lida,
Ye Jianmu, Yoshiyuki Matsuura, Zhang Ding
The 8th International Conference on Innovation
and Management (ICIM 2011)
Organized and Hosted by
Yamaguchi University, Japan
Co-organized by
Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo, Brazil
Wuhan University of Technology, China
Organizing Committee
Chairman:
Ken KAMINISHI
(Yamaguchi University, Japan)
Co-Chairman:
Greet DUYSTERS (Tilburg University, The Netherlands)
Arnoldo de HOYOS
(Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo, Brazil)
HU Shuhua（Wuhan University of Technology, P.R.China）
Executive Committee
Director:
Takashi MUKOUYAMA(Yamaguchi University)
Members（Alphabet order）
CHEN Yun(Wuhan University of Technology)
DENG Mingran (Wuhan University of Technology)
HE Shan (Wuhan University of Technology)
JIANG Zhongwei (Yamaguchi University)
Kazuhiro FUKUYO (Yamaguchi University)
Kazuya INABA (Yamaguchi University)
Ken KAMINISHI (Yamaguchi University)
Motonobu KUBO (Yamaguchi University)
Naoki OHSHIMA (Yamaguchi University)
NGUYEN Huu Phuc (Yamaguchi University)
Sakae KAWAMURA (Yamaguchi University)
Shigeyuki HARUYAMA (Yamaguchi University)
Tomohisa KIMURA (Yamaguchi University)
XIE Kefan (Wuhan University of Technology)
YE Jianmu (Wuhan University of Technology)
Yoko ISHINO (Yamaguchi University)
Yoshiyuki MATSUURA (Yamaguchi University)
CONTENTS
Part 1
University-Industry Collaboration, Strategic Alliance, Open
Innovation and Distributed Innovation
Individuals’ Power and the Learning and Innovation in Multi-stakeholder Societies on Collaborative
Platforms Powered by Digital Social Media
Chathura Prasanna Rajapakse, Takao Terano··················································································· 1
Knowledge Innovation Based on Cooperation of Industry, University and Research Institute
Xu Yebiao, Xu Fengju····················································································································· 8
Research on Hulunbeier Industry-Academia-Research Strategic Alliance in China from Governmental
Perspective
Li Qihua········································································································································ 12
Interdisciplinarity: an Impulse to Creativity and Innovation
Ivani Catarina Arantes Fazenda, Christine Syrgiannis, Telma Teixeira de Oliveira Almeida,
Ana Lúcia Gomes da Silva ············································································································ 20
On Developing Industry-Academia-Research Alliance in China Based on Circular Economy
Li Lvcheng···································································································································· 26
Research on Building the Long-term Sustainability Strategic Alliances
Zhou Mengnong, Deng Xiaona ····································································································· 33
Study of the Process of University Technology Commercialization: the Roles and Effects of Educational
Courses
Megumi Takata ····························································································································· 37
Study on Effect of Higher Education to the Upgrading of Industrial Structure
Liu Xiaodong, Li Bai ···················································································································· 49
Research on Partner Selection of Vertical Strategic Alliance
Mo Xiaoniu, Qin Yuanjian ············································································································ 53
On Obstacles of Sustainable Development and Government Support Behavior for Industry, Academy
and Research Strategy Alliance
Fan Shujuan ·································································································································· 58
An Analysis on Game Theory of Knowledge Transfer Efficiency in Innovation Networks
Li Lingling, Liu Guoxin ················································································································ 63
Study on Computer Aided Innovation Tools Supporting in Distributed Innovation Process
Shao Ya, Li Xia ····························································································································· 67
·I·
Part 2
Environmental Innovation and Sustainable Development
Innovative Cities: the Way of Management, Sustainability and Future
Arnoldo Jose de Hoyos Guevara, Diego de Melo Conti, Gilmara Lima de Elua Roble,
Julyana Moreira Santos, Renata Martins Corrêa ·········································································· 71
Carbon Emissions Embodied in China’s International Trade Based on Input-Output Method
Wang Dan ····································································································································· 81
The Effective Use of Social Capital for the Declining-population Society
Makoto Hadeishi, Kazuhiro Fukuyo······························································································ 86
Research on Ecological Improvement in the New Socialist Countryside Based on Imitative Biology
Group System
Li Liguo ········································································································································ 92
Education & Innovation: a Path to Sustainable Development
Adalzira Regina de Andrade Silva, Andyara de Santis Outeiro,
Ivani Catarina Arantes Fazenda ····································································································· 98
Brand-Economics and Case Study of Recycling Crop Stalks
Yuan Wenhua, Sun Yueyao···········································································································104
Green Development Model for Resource-based Cities on the Basis of Circular Economy
Yun Guangzhong, Cheng Guoping, Li Gang ················································································110
Sustainability Trends and Implementation in Academy and Consulting
Arnoldo de Hoyos, Beatriz M. Telles, Leandro Petrokas, Marcus H. Nakagawa···························116
Internal Mechanism and Interpretation of Coordinated Index of Sustainable Development System
Gao Yongyan, Si Guangnan··········································································································127
Sustainability in Retail Stores: a Case Study in Brazil
Alexandre Las Casas, Renata Martins, Gilmara Roble, Diego Conti, Roberto Coutinho···············131
The Study of Sustainable Development of Real Estate Based on System Dynamics
Ma Guofeng, Lv Jingjing ·············································································································140
Study on the Growth Modes of SMEs among Cluster Based on the Viewpoint of Ecology
Wang Yan, Mei Qiang, Li Mingxing·····························································································144
Study on Management and Compensation Mechanism of Transboundary Water Pollution Based on
Game Theory
Xue Rui, Liang Weichao ··············································································································148
Research on Evaluation of Circular Economy Development
Jiang Guogang, Chen Jing············································································································153
Carbon Finance and Its Pricing Mechanism: an Evidence from EU ETS
Xu Xiaoli, Huan Zhijian···············································································································158
Empirical Analysis of Chinese Agricultural Listed Companies’ Growth
Hao Xiaoyan ································································································································164
On Chinese Business and Sustainability
Kou Huili ·····································································································································168
·II·
Study on Environmental Protection and Institutional Innovation in China
Gan Kaipeng ································································································································172
Review on the Research of Emissions Trading of Major Pollutants
Li Jingming··································································································································176
Challenge and Opportunity of Low-carbon Development for Petroleum and Petrochemical Enterprises
Xu Xiao, Deng Mingran···············································································································180
On Environmental Innovation and Sustainable Development: an Exploration into the Environmental
Development in the Region of Northwestern China
Zou Hongbing ······························································································································187
Part 3
Product, Industrial and Regional Innovation
Influence of Product Architecture on the Competition Between LCD and PDP Technologies
Osamu Sato, Shuzo Fujimura·······································································································193
Impact of Technological Innovations on Quantity and Quality of Employment in Beijing: a
Micro-Econometric Approach
Liu Dun, Li Maofeng ···················································································································203
Development of Concurrent Engineering Tool for Early Design of Mechatronics Product
Yusuke Odoh, Tatsuya Kasamatsu, Tsuyoshi Koga ······································································210
An Empirical Study on Impact of Absorptive Capacity on Enterprise Profit and Innovation Performance
Liu Lu··········································································································································216
Co-integration Analysis of the Relationship Between Industrial Structure Change and Economic Growth in
Hubei Province of China
Chen Zhi, Song Chengshun, Liao Pingfan····················································································221
Study on Influences of Channel Relationship Quality to New Product Diffusion Performance
Liu Pan, Chen Tao························································································································225
Deformation Analysis of Solder Junction by Using of Electromotive Force Method
Akiyuki Morishita, Naoki Ohshima, Ken Kaminishi ····································································231
Innovation, South-North Trade and Manufacturing Industry Agglomeration
Yin Desheng·································································································································236
An Empirical Research on Industrial Structure Optimization of Provincial Area Based on Two-oriented Society
He Dan, Zhao Yulin, Li Wenchao ·································································································241
Impact of the Novel Protein Structure Prediction on R&D Process in Drug Discovery and Development
Yoko Ishino··································································································································247
Research on Risk of Innovative Levels Based on Hierarchical System
Guan Zhou, She Lian, Yu Chengxi ·······························································································253
Study on Logistics Operation Pattern of Dynamic Alliance-based Industrial Clusters
Zhou Rong, Cheng Guoping·········································································································260
·III·
A Comparison in Hydrogen-Environment Embrittlement Response Between T6 and T73 Tempers of
7075 Aluminum Alloy
Ryo Yoshioka, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi, Shuhei Osaki ············································264
Hydrogen-environment Embrittlement in High-purity Al-Zn-Mg(-Cu) Alloys
Shogo Itonaga, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi, Shuhei Osaki ···········································269
Hydrogen-Environment-Assisted Cracking under Static and Frequent Types of Loading in Aluminum
Alloys
Junya Fushikawa, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi, Shuhei Osaki·······································273
A Comparison of Effect Between Domestic versus Foreign Brands on Consumer Purchasing Decision in
Ghana
Samuel Kwadwo Frimpong··········································································································277
Estimating and Forecasting the Contribution Rate of Agriculture Scientific and Technological Progress
Based on Solow Residual Method
Zhu Jinhe, Cui Dengfeng··············································································································281
Research on the Evaluation of Urban-Rural Integration Process in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
of China
Cui Dengfeng, Zhu Jinhe··············································································································288
Contact Width Evaluation of New 25A-size Metal Gasket Considering Forming Effect
Didik Nurhadiyanto, Moch. Agus Choiron, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi·······················296
Study on Deformed Mode of Thin Metal Gasket Based on Experiment and FEM
Kazuya Ushijima, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi, Dai-Heng Chen ···································302
Tightening Evaluation of New 400A Size Metal Gasket
Moch. Agus Choiron, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi························································307 Research on Construction of Fiscal and Tax Mechanism of China's Energy-saving Industry
Yang Feng, Wang Dongwei, Si Danmin ·······················································································313
Study on Strategies to Speed up Modern Service Industry in Hubei Province of China
Ye Houyuan, Tian Rui ··················································································································318
Empirical Analysis on Regional Innovation: Base on Innovative Enterprises in Fujian Province of China
Lv Linfeng, Chen Yalan ···············································································································327
An Empirical Analysis on Inner Impact Factors of Independent Innovation of Innovative Pilot
Enterprises in Fujian Province of China
Wang Yi, Chen Yalan ···················································································································331
Effect of Deformation Mode of Cylindrical Tubes with Corrugated Surface Dimensional Errors
Shigeyuki Haruyama, Daiheng Chen, Ken Kaminishi, Takuya Niyama········································335
System Model and Analysis of Three-dimensional Dynamics for Flexible Multi-body System
Shohei Yamamoto, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Tadashi Sumimoto, Junji Kaneko ································342
The Empirical Analysis on Relationship Between Infrastructure Investment and Regional Economic
Growth in China
Fu Wenjun, Zhang Jing ················································································································349
An Emperical Study on the Strategies to Attract Foreign Direct Investments in Tanzania
Abdulla R.Abdulla, Maryam M.Othman, Zhao Hongzhong ·························································354
·IV·
Dynamic Comparative Advantage and Technology Innovation of China’s Shipbuilding Industry
Zhang Meixia, Fan Zhongmin ······································································································361
Study on Competitiveness of Automotive Industry in Guangxi Province of China
Pan Yuan, Ma Lu··························································································································366
Comparative Study of Large-scale Investment in Plantation in Least Developed Countries Applying the
Investment Profitability Analysis Model
Nobuo Hirohata, Kazuhiro Fukuyo ······························································································370
Research on Application of Activity-based Costing in Enterprise Product Pricing
Yu Dandan ···································································································································375
Study on Evaluation of Urban Industrial Parks in China
Hu Shuhua, Dai Dongqiang··········································································································379
Study on Auto Collaborative After-sales Service Based on Value Flow Technology
Li Chilin, Zhang Qin ····················································································································383
Price Skimming on a Successful Marketing Strategy: Study of Ipad Launching as Apple’s Innovative
Product
Ma Huimin, Jose Antonio Hernandez···························································································389
Analysis on Hotel Service Innovation and Value Promoting Paths Based on Value Chain Theory
Fan Linsheng, Han Yu, Wang Na··································································································394
Competitiveness of Machinery Industry of Guangxi Province in China Based on Factor Analysis
Ma Lu, Pan Yuan, Xiao Lingfeng ·································································································398
A Study on Product Design Management and Its Trends
Deng Jun ······································································································································403
Promoting Regional Economy and Management Improvement by Applying Service Economy
Liu Wenbo····································································································································409
Study on Policy Adjustment to Promote the Steel Industry Innovation
Wang Wei, Wang Wenjun ·············································································································413
Research on Innovation and Development Strategy Based on Animation Derivatives
Li Yue, Zhu Mingjian ···················································································································418
Design Management and Product Innovation Design
Tong Yijie ····································································································································422
The Empirical Research on Independent Technology Innovation, Knowledge Transformation and
Enterprise Growth
Zhang Binbin, Ding Jiangtao, Li Mingxing, Zhang Tongjian························································426
Research on Factors of Smartphone Diffusion Based on Innovation Diffusion Theory
Qian Zheng ··································································································································431
MICE Industry Clusters Using Location Quotient Estimation: a Case from of Guangzhou City of China
Zhang Lili, Lu Tracy (Ying) ·········································································································435
Research on Innovative Development of Tourism E-Commerce in Hubei Province of China
Zhao Meilin, Gui Xiaomiao ·········································································································441
·V·
Part 4
Organizational, Institutional and Management Innovation
Influence of Goal Orientation in Performance Appraisal on Staff Innovative Behavior: Mediating Effect
of Innovative Climate
Yin Runfeng·································································································································445
Strategic Project Portfolio Management: an Empirical Investigation
Sergey Filippov, Herman Mooi, Roelof van der Weg ···································································452
Project Management Incorporating Dynamic Simulation & TRIZ
Toshihiro Ioi, Seiichiro Hata, Shigeru Nagami, Hiroshi Okuhara ·················································463
Research on Entrepreneurial Capacity Evaluation Index System of the Self-employed: Based on 603
Samples Analysis
Ye Chunxia ··································································································································469
An Empirical Study on Consumers Satisfaction of College Students to Movie Theater
Zhao Yanmin································································································································476
Network Analysis of Project Communication Based on Graph Theory
Naoki Ohshima, Akihito Kawashima ···························································································481
Research on the Risk Management Model of Development Finance in China
Zou Huixia, Jiang Lingwei ···········································································································486
Microcosmic Analysis on the Formation of the Professional Moral Hazard of the China’s Central
Enterprises Operators
Zhu Jiangbin, Hu Jie ····················································································································491
An Analysis of the Great East Japan Earthquake by Scientific Information Asymmetry Models
Yuko Hayashi·······························································································································497
Impact of External Learning and Organizational Flexibility on Radical Innovation
Xu Rui, Zhao Liankun··················································································································506
Analysis on Personnel Dispatched Business Management of Software Service Outsourcing Enterprise:
Based on Psychological Contract
Li Ruoyang, Qin Yuanjian, Zheng Changbo ·················································································512
Risk Assessment for Project Plan Collapse
Naoki Satoh, Hiromitsu Kumamoto, Norio Ohta··········································································518
Proposal of Risk Mapping Method for Risk Chains
Kazuhiko Kato, Daisuke Iwasaki, Toshiyuki Horiuchi ·································································524
Study on Influence on Internal Control Quality by Corporate Governance Structure of Listed Companies
in China
Guo Chunfei, Hong Hong ············································································································530
Study on the Maturity of People Capability in Innovative Enterprises
Yang Dingquan, Ma Lu, Xu Xiwei ·······························································································536
A Method for Analyzing Service Failure Causes
Yusuke Kurita, Takumi Ota, Koji Kimita, Yoshiki Shimomura·····················································541
·VI·
A Study on the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Contextual Performance of Knowledge Workers
Guo Ying······································································································································549
The Relationship Between Ownership Concentration and Investor Protection: from an Endogenous
Perspective
Chen Chaohui, Zhang Jian ···········································································································554
Consideration and Classification of the Integrated Manufacturing in Petrochemical Complex
Kazuya Inaba ·······························································································································559
The Correlation of Benefit Distribution Between Shareholder and Employee & Its Effect on Corporate
Performance: a Case Study of Chinese 90 Listed Companies
Zeng Yan, Wang Weiping ·············································································································567
An Empirical Research on the Relationship Between Stock Ownership Incentive and Performance of
Listed Companies
Chen Xin, Yang Zhihua ················································································································573
A Three-Player Game Model for the Green Supply Chain in the Home Appliance Industry
Xu Ai, Hu Xiangpei, Gao Shufeng ·······························································································578
On the Analysis and Improvement of the Rural Financial System in Shenyang City of China
Guo Jing·······································································································································584
Evaluating College Instructors Performance under the Harmonious Management Theory
Wang Qifeng ································································································································589
Study on Application of ABCM to Construction Project
Yang Jianyun································································································································594
Time Selection of Enterprise Strategy Innovation Based on the Effectiveness of Strategy
Zhou Fengying,Du Wengeng, Diao Zhaofeng ··············································································599
A Study on Inheritance and Innovation in System Conversion Process of Family Businesses
Shen Leping, Li Honghai ·············································································································604
Followers’ Unethical Behavior and Leader-Member Exchange: the Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction
Liu Songbo, Hu Wei·····················································································································609
Coding: Key Technology of Establishing the Competency Model
Li Dongmei··································································································································615
Study on Adjustment Mechanism of Contribution Rate of China’s Individual Account Pension
Zhang Jinfeng ······························································································································620
Evolution of Innovation Network Governance Mode from Analysis of University Spin-Off Companies’
Growth: a Case Study of Neusoft Group
Liu Yang, Ding Yunlong···············································································································624
Forecasting the Quantity Trend of Human Resources with Higher Education in China Based on
Correlation – Regression Analysis
Tang Wenling, Wang Huadong ·····································································································632
Strategic Choice in Emerging Countries, Joint Ventures: Based on the Evidence of China and Guinea
Abdoulaye Oury Bah, Zhao Fuqiang ····························································································637
Empirical Research on Correlation Between Internal Control and Enterprise Value
Dai Chunlan, Peng Quan, Huang Jiating ······················································································645
·VII·
A Research on the Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification Based on the AHP-TOPSIS Method
Kong Qing ···································································································································650
On Evaluation Index System and Evaluation Method of Enterprise Internal Control
Liu Jun, Gao Lijun, Ji Tao ············································································································656
Study on Psychological Capital and Organizational Identity
Wang Huimei, Li Xuan ················································································································662
Innovation in Supplier Management of Chinese Sporting Goods Company ANTA
Zhang XiuLan, Jiang Fei ··············································································································666
Research on System Development of New Hospital Human Resource Management Based on
Performance Assessment
Jin Ke···········································································································································671
Research on Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Enterprise Technical Innovation Capacity Based on
Fuzzy Theory
Li Junlin, Xue Guiying, Liu Li ·····································································································676
Research on the Internal Control of Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises under
Comprehensive Risk Management
Chen Xiaofang, Nie Huili·············································································································680
Time-space Management: New Trend of Assets Management in Colleges and Universities
Zeng Jianyou, Tang Qin ···············································································································685
Research for Dynamic Mechanism and Path of Green Management in Small and Medium-sized
Manufacturing Enterprises
Chen Qi, Jin Kangwei ··················································································································691
Research on Solutions to China’s Food Safety Control Based on Innovative Society Management
Background
Li Xiaoqin····································································································································695
Forecasting the Demand of Emergency Supplies: Based on the CBR Theory and BP Neural Network
Fu Deqiang, Liu Yun, Li Changbing·····························································································700
Flexible Control on Operational Risk Conduction of Commercial Banks
Deng Mingran, Li Xiaobei, Shen Jun ···························································································705
Chain Model of Employee Loyalty Management
Xie Baoguo, Xia Mian ·················································································································710
Study on PLM-based Industrial Design Processes
Wang Xia ·····································································································································714
Research on Management Innovation of the National Defense Students under the Guidance of Scientific
Outlook on Development
Lin Xuanjin··································································································································719
Orientation Model of Elite Education and Mass Education
Ye Peng········································································································································723
Research on the Relationship Between Reform of Enterprise Income Tax and Enterprise Earnings
Management
Zhang Jian, Chen Chaohui ···········································································································729
·VIII·
The Function Changes and Education Mode Reshaping in Accounting under Ecological Environment
Attribute
Zhang Yalian, Zhang Weimei ·······································································································733
Publicly-funded Education: Object of Educational Reform in China
Hu Shuhua, Li Jun························································································································738
Equilibrium Analysis for the Supply and Demand of the Rural Financial Service System in China
Li Zhe, Gan Jingjing ····················································································································742
A Research on the Management Innovation by Integrating System of Network Education
Guo Yaping ··································································································································746
Research on Chinese Financial Enterprises’ Overseas Acquisitions Based on a Case Study
Geng Mingying, Ding Xiaohong, Geng Xiaoyu ···········································································749
Fuzzy Comprehensive Decision on Ship Acquiring by Financing Lease and Loaning
Liu Yibin, Li Yaling, Zhu Rongyan, Cheng Zhiyou ······································································754
Study on the Application of DISC Behavioral Style in Talent Management in Banking Industry
Gao Weiming ·······························································································································760
Investigation on Speculation from Management Perspective
Wu Yafei, Sun Rong·····················································································································768
Development Trend of Enterprise Organization Vulnerability: a Literature Review
Wang Chao, Liu Jing····················································································································773
Topdown: an Innovative Choice for the Reform and Development of Chinese Football
Zheng Yuan ··································································································································777
On University Striding Development Through Academic Organization Structure Innovation: the Case of
the University of Tsukuba
Zhou Qunying, Zhou Shutong ······································································································783
Encouraging Knowledge Worker to Generate Innovation Behavior: an Empirical Research Based on
Technology Acceptance Theory
He Qin, Lu Juan ···························································································································788
Structure Optimization of College Students’ Service System Based on Cyber Culture Identities
Wei Chao, Li Jianping, Yang Yang ·······························································································792
Understanding the Innovation Concept
Umidjon Ahunjonov Maxamadumarovich, Bojan Obrenovic, Mahammadsidik Amonboyev ·······796
Analysis of Enterprise Development Strategies Based on the Features of Different Stages in Enterprise
Life Cycle
Wang Yue, Zhu Hanxiong ············································································································802
Research on Development and Management of Coaches in Commercial Fitness Clubs
Ai Xiangnan·································································································································807
The Cross-cultural Factors in the Business Administration
Li Lifang ······································································································································811
Research on Operation Model of Financial Cooperative for SMEs
Dong Bing····································································································································815
Mechanism and Methods of Enterprise Financing System Flexibility
Zhang Ganggang, Ma Inhua ·········································································································819
·IX·
BIM and Its Effects on the Project Managers
Chen Baoping ······························································································································825
Prevention and Countermeasures of the Human Capital Burnout for the Air Traffic Control Department
of China
Mo Guoyong································································································································828
Research on Internal Control of Highway Construction
Cheng Xiao, Huang Changjiang ···································································································832
Study on the Mechanism Innovation of Enterprise Culture Construction
Li Jinhong ····································································································································837
Part 5
S&T Policy, Intellectual Property and Knowledge Management
Research on Relationship of Heterogeneity of Management Team and Tacit Knowledge for Companies
after Merger and Restructuring
Feng Yaming, Shang Haiyan, Xu Hui···························································································843
Proposal of Knowledge Creation Process for Innovation Aim in Research and Development
Kazuhiko Kato, Yuu Iwama, Toshihiro Ioi····················································································849
The Application of Knowledge Management in Customer Relationship Management
Pan Huiming, Guo Yi ···················································································································855
Research on Discrepancy of Business Model in Intellectual Venture Capital Firms under Chinese and
American Patent System
Zhang Junrong, Chen Long ··········································································································860
Antecedents and Outcomes of Innovativeness
Sungho Lee ··································································································································865
Moderating Effects of Organizational Justice to Knowledge-based Psychological Ownership and
Knowledge Sharing
Zhu Xinyan, Zhang Xin ···············································································································875
Patent Collaborative Development Mode and Platform Construction of Supply Chain Enterprises
Liu Jieming, He Fang···················································································································880
The Research on Information Sharing Behavior in Digital Age: Enabling Collaboration for Innovation
Xie Fei ·········································································································································888
Analysis on Network Architecture of Discipline Growth in Innovative Universities
Li Chunlin, Liu Lili······················································································································892
Research on the Relationship Between Invalid Patent and the Validity of Patent Contract
Huang Liping, Zhang Lina ···········································································································897
On the Era of Knowledge Authority
Wang Huawei, Zou Xiaoshun·······································································································901
·X·
Research on Evaluation Indicators of Tax Policy Performance for Technology Innovating Enterprises:
Based on Balanced Scorecard
Niu Yanshao·································································································································906
Study on Knowledge Sharing Pattern in Industry Clusters Based on SECI Expand Model
Li Gang, Feng Yanfei ···················································································································911
Relationship Between Psychological Knowledge Ownership and Knowledge Sharing: Adjustment for
Organizational Fairness
Liao Qianqian, Qin Yuanjian, Zhang Xin ·····················································································916
Research on Implementation of Intellectual Property Strategy in China’s Agriculture-related Enterprises
Hu Shensong, Wei Jilin, Wei Fang································································································921
Study on Collaborative Utilization of Intellectual Property in Strategic Alliance
Yang Liuqing, Wang Sirong ·········································································································927
Study on Agricultural Information Services in Technology Transfer Based on Information Push
Technology
Zhao Zengfeng, Cao Wenwen, Duan Qingwei··············································································933
Research on Homeostatic Mechanism of Enterprise Knowledge Ecosystem
Li Geng, Xie Shoumei··················································································································937
Research on Technology Management Innovation and Technology System Reform of Hubei Province of
china
Zhang Lan····································································································································943
Research on Constructing Effective Patent Early Warning Mechanism in Central Region of China
Guo Jianping ································································································································949
Part 6
Operation Innovation and IT Applications
Requirement Model for Mechanical, Electrical and Software Integrated Products Using SysML
Tadashi Gotoh, Takao Eguchi , Tsuyoshi Koga, Kazuhiro Aoyama ··············································956
Research on Teaching Innovation under Network Conditions in Universities
Zhao Xia ······································································································································965
Costing of Liquids and Chemicals in Port Industry
Zhou Guoqiang, Ma Li·················································································································970
Recommender Systems Based on Doubly Structural Network
Na Chang, Takao Terano ··············································································································975
Architecture of Customer Knowledge Management System Based on Online Reviews
Zhao Dan ·····································································································································982
Realization of the Sales Forecast of the Enterprise Based on VS.NET and MATLAB
Hu Qing, Zou Yao, Liu Yanan ······································································································986
·XI·
SME Supply Chain Collaboration Innovation Using an Online Hub: Introduction of a Case in Korea
Yongma Moon, Dongmin Shin, Sungho Lee ················································································990
Feasibility Analysis on ULS-based Rapid Logistics System in Wuhan City of China
Meng Fang, Jin Jiang, Sun Shusheng ···························································································999
Agent-Based Modeling: Introduction and Perspective
Takao Terano······························································································································1003
Operations Strategy Optimization Based on Developed Sense and Respond Methodology
Liu Yang, Wu Qian, Zhao Shi, Josu Takala·················································································1010
On Obstacle and Future of Web Publishing
Qu Shengwei······························································································································1016
Testing Mechanism and Its Practice on Library System Construction in Colleges and Universities
Yang Hanni, Hu Binggui ············································································································1020
Analysis on Development Differences of Informationization among the Four Regions of China
Deng Zelin, Feng Fengling, Zhang Wenjing ···············································································1024
Strategic Priorities on China’s Informationization
Zhang Long, Feng Fengling, Wang Xuan ···················································································1030
Innovation of Service Quality Management in China Based on Service Quality Theory
Luo Jianwei································································································································1036
Part 7
Miscellaneous
Research on the Selection of Logistics Service Integrators in Emergency Supply Chain
Su Jun, Cao Lijun, Huang Yong ·································································································1040
Axially Crushed Characteristics of Compact Impact Absorption Member
Shigeyuki Haruyama, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Dai-Heng Chen, Aidil Khaidir ·····································1047
Study of Energy Absorption of Combined Model of Cylindrical Compression-Expansion Tube and Thin
Cylindrical Tube
Takanori Kozeni, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi·····························································1052
Empirical Analysis on Capital Allocation Efficiency of Hubei Listed Companies according to Industries
Hu Huaxia··································································································································1057
Study on the E-commerce Trust Based on Evolutionary Game Mechanism
Wei Mingxia, Zheng Shuang ······································································································1064
Income Elasticity of Calorie Intake in United States
Wang Biao ·································································································································1074
The Empirical Analysis on Environmental Effects Caused by China Foreign Trade
Zhao Difei, Zheng Weiteng ········································································································1079
Research on the Influence of Country-of-origin Effect to Brand Attitudes of Chinese Consumers on
Luxury Goods
Wang Dan, Chen Yani, Han Jintao······························································································1088
·XII·
Customers’ Needs for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting: an Analysis of Weblog Data
Junichi Kato ·······························································································································1093
Local Firm’s Response to Global Financial Crisis: a Case of an Apparel Factory in Lao PDR
Bounlouane Douangngeune········································································································1097
A Case Study on Satisfaction Evaluation of College English Elective Courses under the Cognitive
Theory
Peng Aimin ································································································································1102
Linear Regression Analysis of Gross Output Value of Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery
Industries
Liu Haime, Chen Yun·················································································································1106
The Survey of Chinese College Students’ Autonomous English Learning in Self-access Language
Learning Center
Cao Huan ··································································································································· 1112
Research on Job Dissatisfaction and Its Impact on Private Sector Investment in Ghana
Wei Jianguo, Samuel Kwadwo Frimpong··················································································· 1116
Empirical Study of Credit Risk Measurement in Manufacturing Industry: Based on Financial and Market
Information
Tang Zhenpeng, Liao Jingjing ····································································································1120
A Review on Innovative Method of Communicative Language Teaching
Chen Lei ····································································································································1130
Research on the Role of Government in the Management Reform of the Large-scale Stadium
Lin Youliang, Zhu Mingjiang ·····································································································1135
An Investigation into the Impact of Information Disclosure on the Stock Liquidity and Company
Performance
Bian Na, Huang Hongmei, Wang Shuhua···················································································1140
Game Analysis of Google’s Information Dissemination Strategy in China
Bojan Obrenovic, Slobodan Obrenovic ······················································································1145
Class Formation of Rural Migrant Workers and Change of Management in Chinese Enterprises
Wu Qingjun································································································································1151
Study on the M&As Strategies of the Chinese Paper Enterprises
Lai Binhui, Zhang Tao················································································································1156
Research on Grading the Potential of Listed Port and Shipping Companies in China Stock Market
Zheng Yibin, Peng Shaofeng ······································································································1162
Evaluation on Economic Performance Efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Ruan Xianjing, Yang Qing ·········································································································1167
An Empirical Analysis on the Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment on Nigeria Economy
Oji-Okoro Izuchukwu, Huang Huiping ······················································································1173
Analysis of the Stock Market Volatility and Its Spillover Effect in China
Xu Bu ········································································································································1179
An Innovative Strategy to Improve ESP Writing: the Application of Genre Analysis to Study Medical
Research Articles
Peng Yuan, Wei Wande···············································································································1183
·XIII·
Enlightenment from the Internationalization Strategy Models of Haier Group of China
Yi Yan, Yao Guanli·····················································································································1187
Research on Evaluation Index System of Waterway Construction Project Expenditure Budget
Performance
Wang Sirong, Yang Liuqing ·······································································································1192
The Evaluation on the Capacity of Agriculture Logistics Service in Hubei Province Based on PCA and
Cluster Analysis
Liu Mingfei, Ma Jun, Li Jun·······································································································1197
Risk Pre-control on Multi-project Management for Large-Scale Construction Enterprises
An Jianmin·································································································································1201
Study on Ownership Structure and Preference for Seasoned Equity Offerings of Listed Companies in
China
Yang Zhihua·······························································································································1207
Comparison of Electrical Coal Pipeline Transport and Rail Transport Based on Social Costs
Zhou Hongmei, Yi Zhenglin, Huang Zhilong ·············································································1211
An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting Participation Decisions of Exhibitors
Feng Wei, Zhao Weidong ···········································································································1216
Fiji’s Transformation from Sugar to Tourism Industry
Navneel Shalendra Prasad, Yuan Guohua, Asa Romeo Asa ························································1221
Research on Competitiveness of Chinese Construction Enterprises by Factor Analysis
Zhang Suxian, Wang Jin·············································································································1225
An Empirical Study on Financial Early Warning of Chinese Petrochemical and Plastic Manufacturing
Listed Companies
Xu Lixin, Shi Xueming ··············································································································1230
Research on Evaluation Index System for Automobile Enterprise Brand Value
Chen Zhaohui, Li Jing················································································································1234
An Empirical Study on the Most Effective Medium for Goods and Services Tax (GST) in Sierra Leone
Matilda Zainab Kamara, Liu Mingfei·························································································1239
Research on Retailers’ Marketing Tactics Integration Based on Customer Value Strategy
Cheng Yun··································································································································1242
Is the Small-sized Rural Household More Efficient?
Li Gucheng, Feng Zhongchao ····································································································1247
Evaluation of Disaster Perception of University Students in Wuhan City of China and Suggestions on
Disaster Reduction Education
Chen Juan ··································································································································1260
Research on the Relationship Between Logistics Investment and National Economic Development of China
Liu Shuang·································································································································1265
The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Togo [1991-2009]
Assiobo Komlan Mawugnon, Fang Qiang··················································································1269
The Application of Weighted Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis in Student Loans Default
Tang Qin, Zeng Jianyou, Li Xing, Zhang Hongyang ··································································1274
·XIV·
Research on the Multiple Level Performance Management System Based on KPI
Cheng Huijun·····························································································································1278
Microblog: Micropower to a Civil Society
Wang Hongguang·······················································································································1282
Research on Strategy to Establish Competitiveness for Micro and Small Enterprises in Bolivia
Fernando Nelson Villaverde Chavez ··························································································1287
Risk Factors and Efficiency Measurement in Togolese Banking Sector: the Case of ECOBANK-Togo
Kolani Pamane, Fabrice Boko ····································································································1293
A Study on Financial Risk Analysis in Pension Funds Investment: an Implication of Exchange Rate
Exposure
Abba Abubakar Shehu················································································································1301
Research on Flexible Budget of Marketing Expenditure
Li Xiaobei, Dai Shengli··············································································································1309
Strategic Performance Appraisal Based on BSC and SEM
Wang Bing, Deng Mingran, Zhao Fuqiang ·················································································1314
Research on the Choice of Focus Strategy Based on ELC
Deng Mingran, Wang Bing, Zhao Fuqiang ·················································································1319
The Cause and Prevention of the E-commerce Credit Risk
Zhang Yuanyuan, Ma Ying ·········································································································1324
SWOT Analysis and Strategy of High Level Tennis Talent Cultivation in Colleges
Xia Shanshan, Sun Jinrong, Fan Xiaodong·················································································1328
Study on the Special Adjustment Methods for Calculating EVA
Liu Cheng ··································································································································1333
Study on Effects of Ritual in Marketing
Fang Yingfeng····························································································································1337
On Effective Communication of Cross-cultural Enterprises
Lan Qing, Zheng Jia···················································································································1341
Application of MS-Project in Scientific Research Project Management
Li Yanjin ····································································································································1346
·XV·
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management
·1·
Individuals’ Power and the Learning and Innovation in
Multi-stakeholder Societies on Collaborative Platforms Powered by
Digital Social Media
Chathura Prasanna Rajapakse, Takao Terano
Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
(E-mail: chathura@trn., terano@dis.titech.ac.jp)
Abstract: In social groups, some individuals have a better say than the others. Thus, when it comes to
sharing new ideas and making decisions, their voice is better heard over the others. This can be
considered as a situation, where power dynamics are applied in social learning. With the advancements
of social media, organizations and the knowledge management community have started thinking of
creating platforms to co-create value by getting the involvement of multiple stakeholders for learning
and innovation. Such platforms results larger societies of stakeholders with divergent interests, where
power dynamics are more likely to occur. Given that the influence of power is not adequately researched
in social and organizational learning domains, in this paper, we present an agent-based computational
model of a learning organization to evaluate the impact of individuals’ informal power on learning
outcomes.
Key words: Power; Organizational learning; Social innovation; Social media; Social learning
1 Introduction
Advancements in social media technologies have opened up new ways for organizations to learn
and innovate. As some researchers have pointed out some years ago, one way of increasing innovation
capacity is by widening the framework of participation to a wider community[8]. Furthermore, as some
recent research point out, to foster innovation, organizations need to develop places, which they call
platforms for collaboration, for different stakeholders to come and work creatively [16]. There are some
interesting discussions going on in online forums about the potential of social media to foster innovation
by shifting all or part of the innovation process from R & D department to a larger crowd, which
comprise of employees, experts, customers, etc. According to those discussions, social media enables
the communication and processing of innovative ideas of a wider community.
But most organizations and processes are inherently complex entities, which comprise of multiple
interdependent components and a change in one component is more likely to occur unexpected changes
in many other components. Consequently, interests of the stakeholders who represent those
components are more likely to have conflicts with each other. Therefore, idea sharing is not a smooth
process as it is commonly perceived in most organizational learning theories. An idea conceived in an
individual’s mind has to be accepted by the others in order to be shared and become ‘organizational’ for
implementation. One important factor in this context, which has been largely ignored though, is
individuals’ power to influence others[2], [4].
In any social group, there are some individuals who have a better say than the others. One’s say in a
given social group reflects how positively he or she is perceived in that society. Such positive
perceptions enable them to make the others to behave in ways that they would otherwise not behave.
This ability can be considered as informal power of individuals rather than formal positional power. As
the digital platforms for collaboration powered by social media enables larger societies of stakeholders
with divergent interests, learning in such societies can also be influenced by such power dynamics. In
this research, we are mainly interested in the likelihood of informal power dynamics that exists in
societies to occur in digital societies and their impacts on the learning outcome of the organization.
Taking the Agent-based modeling approach, which Robert Axelrod calls the third way of doing
science, we propose a computational model of a learning organization, in which socially connected
member agents of a complex organization actively participate in enhancing organizational performance,
having individuals' ‘Say’ as the basis of corporation. This paper is to introduce our proposed model and
discuss its potential to serve our purpose. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we
discuss the related work and in section 3, we explain the proposed model. Section 4 and 5 provides the
discussion and future work respectively
·2·
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management
2 Related Work
2.1 Multi-stakeholder participatory learning, social media and individuals’ power
There is a vast body of research in organizational learning processes, most of which having the
commonality “learn (individually), share and store”. It means that learning occurs in individuals, they
share what they learned among each other and finally the shared learning gets stored in organizational
routines and procedures. A comprehensive review on this topic can be found in [2]. Having its roots in
organizational learning models of Argyris, Senge, Wenger, etc, [7] has introduced a social learning model
to explain how learning takes place in social communities. According to their model, for social learning
to take place, three conditions have to be met. 1. It should demonstrate that a change in understanding
has taken place in the individuals involved. 2. It should demonstrate that this change goes beyond the
individual and becomes situated in wider social units. 3. It should occur through social interactions and
processes between actors within a social network.
However, as many researchers point out, sharing is not taking place so easily. According to [4],
organizations are inherently political arenas and consequently, so are the processes of organizational
learning. The ideas and opinions of individuals resulting from their learning have to be accepted by
others in order to be implemented at the organizational level. As discussed in [4], which ideas get
accepted largely depends on which actors in organizations are most able to influence organizational
decision making. A similar idea is presented in [2], where they address the issue of power in relation to
organizational learning in the context of Corporate Environmental Management. They discuss the
process of corporation among multiple stakeholders with divergent and conflicting interests. Sharing the
view of influence as an equivalent to power, they state that influence occurs when a stakeholder makes
another actor behave in ways that he or she would not otherwise do.
A similar idea to what we call ‘Say’ here can be found in [3], which they name as ‘People
Sensemaking’. According to them, ‘People Sensemaking’ is the process a person goes through to get a
general understanding of ‘Who someone is’. In[6], the same authors use a case study of an internal social
network of a large enterprise to explain how it helps to maintain effective ties among its members in
terms of communication and sharing. Taking the same case study, in [3] they show how ‘People
Sensemaking’ occur in such a socially connected environment.
2.2 Computational modeling of complex organizations
According to [10], computational models of complex systems such as teams, task forces and
organizations can be used to reason about the behavior of those systems under diverse conditions. Also
known as computer simulation, it involves representing a model as a computer program. Complex
systems, as stated in [11], by their very nature resist analysis by decomposition. Alternatively, to take a
computational modeling approach means not having to assign an objective to an organization and
instead modeling the agents that comprise it with explicit attention to how decisions are made and how
the interaction of these decisions produces organizational output [5]. It enables to work with a vast
parameter space and avoid issues arising from non-linear relationships, which are very common in
natural processes.
As a technique for computational modeling of complex organizations, the use of NK model has
been discussed in [5] and [12]. Even though it has its origin in the Biology field, NK model has been
introduced to the organizational modeling field by Dan Levinthal in 1997 [12]. In this perspective, the
primary task of the organization is to constantly search for and adopt routines that improve (not
necessarily maximize) its performance. The NK Model has two main parts namely, the NK Landscape
and the agents that continuously search the landscape. This is seen as typically taking the form of
managers of various departments independently searching for better routines[5]. The two main
parameters of the NK Model, N and K, represent the number of functions (or components) that comprise
the organization (N) and the number of dependency relationships that each function (or component) has
(K). In the original NK Model, each function could take two values, either ON or OFF and the search
space was made based on each combination of such ON/OFF values. But there is a vast body of research
that uses the NK Model with many variations from the original model[12]. Each function and the
associated dependencies create the individual payoffs of each function. The overall payoff of the
organization then becomes the mean of individual payoffs.
Many organizational models that uses NK model have been introduced in[5] while more specific
discussion on application of NK Model for organizational strategy has been presented in [12]. In addition,
a model that uses the NK Model to analyze organizational deviation and KAIZEN activities has been
explained in [13].
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management
·3·
3 The Proposed Model
As shown in Figure 1, the proposed model represents a complex organization, which comprise of a
group of member agents who are connected by a social network. We assume here that this social
network bypasses any hierarchical boundaries in the organizational structure. Agents individually learn
new ideas to improve the organizational performance and share their ideas with other members through
the social network. The ideas that are accepted by many other members get qualified to be implemented
and become organizational knowledge. Once a new learning is implemented, the associated payoff is
granted to the member agents with a feedback, which in turn affect their future behavior.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Overview of the Proposed Model
Representation of the complexity of the organization
As shown in Figure 2, the complex organization in our model is represented with N number of
functions (or components), and K number of dependency relationships with other functions. Selection of
the K number of other functions has two options. One is to select the next K number of functions of
each function as the functions, upon which the particular function depends. For example, as shown in
Figure 2, function 3 depends on function 4 and 5 as K is set to 2. Similarly, function 10 depends on
function 1 and 2. The other option is to randomly select K number of functions instead of selecting the
K number of adjacent functions. In our model, these two options are controlled by a parameter. Apart
from that, each function can be at D number of states, which is also a parameter in our model. Each state
is represented as an integer value ranging from 0 to (D-1). For example, if D is set to 10, each function
can be at state 0 to 9 as shown in Figure 2.
·4·
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management
Figure 3
NK Model based lndividual and Organizational Utility Landscapes
3.1 Modeling the search space
Each function in the complex organization comprise of a random amount of agents who hold that
particular function as their prime interest. Since each function depends on K number of other functions,
each agent in the system gets a search landscape of (K+1) dimensions. For example, agents in Figure 3
have a 3 dimensional individual search spaces as K = 2 in the given organization. Given that there are D
number of possible states for each function, each individual search landscape has D(K+1) possible value
combinations. The payoff value corresponding to each value combination is selected randomly.
This results in unique individual utility functions for each agent in the system, which makes idea
sharing conflicting. The organizational utility for a given value combination then becomes the average
of all individual utilities (payoffs) for the particular value combination. As the payoff values are selected
randomly and K can range from 0 to N, the individual utility landscapes become complex and rugged.
Individual learning takes place when the individual agents continuously search for improvements in
such utility landscapes. Taking an evolutionary approach, we use a real-coded genetic algorithm
(RCGA) [14] to represent individuals’ learning.
3.2 Modeling agents’ decision rules
As each agent has a unique individual utility function, new learning always result in different
payoffs for different agents. As shown in Figure 4, new learning of agent A, when compared to
individual utility functions of A and B, results in a higher payoff for agent A but a very poor payoff for
agent B. Therefore, in an ideal situation, B would have rejected the new idea of A. But the same new
idea, if implemented at the organizational level, has the potential to give reasonably good payoffs for
both A and B. Due to this uncertainty, agents in our model do not take decisions to accept or reject new
learning by merely evaluating against their individual utility functions. Instead, they use their perception
about the individual who propose the new idea to evaluate the potential outcome.
Here, agents’ perceptions about other agents are basically determined by their past experiences and
each agent maintains a history of outcomes of new learning of all agents it has interacted so far. For
example, Agent B in Figure 5 has a history of learning outcomes of Agent A. According to the table in
Figure 5, a given new learning of A can be ‘G’ (good) or ‘B’ (bad) when evaluated against B’s individual
utility function. The same new learning could have given ‘Good’ or ‘Bad’ payoffs to B, if implemented
at the organizational level. Otherwise, it could have been ‘Failed’ to be selected for implementation.
Using the table, for example, B can know how many times new learning of A, which was evaluated as
good (G) according to his individual utility function, has actually given ‘Good’ outcomes if
implemented at the organizational level.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management
Figure 4
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How new learning results in conflicts among agent’s interests
Having such a history enables evaluating new learning in terms of the conditional probability of
being ‘Good’ at the organizational level. If P(Good/G) denotes the probability of being ‘Good’ when
evaluated as ‘G’ at the individual level and P(Good/B) denotes the probability of being ‘Good’ when
evaluated as ‘B’ at the individual level, according to the Bayes’ Theorem;
P(Good/G) = P(G/Good) × P(Good)
P(Good/B) = P(B/Good) × P(Good)
The prior probability P(Good) denotes the probability of the particular agent’s new learning to
become ‘Good’ at the organizational level. Initially, P(Good) = P(Bad) = P(Fail) = 1/3.
Figure 5
How an agent evaluate new learning of another agent
3.3 Functionality of the model
Our proposed model is driven by individual agents’ desire to maximize their payoff by contributing
to the improvement of the organizational utility. For that they continuously search in their individual
utility landscapes for new and better ideas. Thus at each time period, agents come up with newly learned
ideas. However, in a natural setup, not all agents come up with new ideas at an equal rate. To maintain
this difference in idea generation, we have introduced a probability variable for each individual, which
determines whether that individual learn a new idea or not at a given time period.
Since agents are connected socially by the social network, each agent gets new ideas learned by
others from those who are connected to them. Thus, at each time period, each agent has a pool of new
ideas to consider both learned by him or herself and by other agents in the society. Agents evaluate their
pools of ideas at each time period based on the probability of giving good results as explained before
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Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management
and if they find a better idea than the one they currently hold, they accept it and pass it to the other
agents that they are connected with.
The organization, which is also an agent in our model, scans the society of its stakeholder agents at
each time period and picks up the mostly spreaded idea for implementation. Once it is implemented, it
evaluates the utility to the society and distributes that utility equally to the entire society. Once the
agents receive the utility based on the new idea implemented, they evaluate whether it is good or bad to
him or her and update the history table of the respective individual who came up with that idea
accordingly.
4 Conclusion
The history of learning outcomes that a given agent maintains about him or herself as well as the
agents connected to him or her acts as a memory component of that agent. As the agents use that
memory to evaluate the likelihood of a new idea to give a better outcome, it can be considered as a
process, in which the perception about the owner of the idea plays a key role in getting acceptance to a
given idea. Putting another way, the ideas of agents who have a better performing history are more likely
to be accepted than that of others. Therefore, we believe that such agents in our model mimics the
individuals who have a better say in a social group.
Furthermore, the learning process under this model corresponds with the Social Learning
framework of [7]. As the individual agents, at each time period, come up with better ideas through the
continuous search in their individual utility landscapes, it can be considered as similar to a change that
occurs in individual’s understanding (point 1). As the learned new ideas get spread through a social
network of members it can be considered as corresponding with point 3. Finally, the fact that mostly
spread new ideas get implemented at the organizational level can be considered as getting situated in a
wider social unit (i.e. Organization) (point 2). In addition to that, as the social learning framework
discussed in [7] is based on ideas of existing organizational learning theories, our model can be
considered as contributing to the existing social and organizational learning literature by exploring the
impact of individuals’ informal power on the learning outcomes.
This model is currently under development using the agent development toolkit of Repast
Simphony [15]. As a result, we are lacking with results for further discussion. Once implemented, we
expect that it will explore some interesting insights about the phenomena being researched. Besides, we
have identified some limitations of the current model, which we expect to rectify in a second version.
One is, it may not be natural to assign only one prime interest to a member in an organization.
Rectifying this may result in more complex individual utility functions. But in our opinion, this will not
make a significant impact to the accuracy of the answer to the main research question apart from
contributing to enhance the validity of the model to the natural process. Another limitation is that our
social network is a static network generated randomly. This is also not representing the natural process
and therefore we expect to make it a dynamic network with agents adding and deleting links with other
agents depending on the outcomes of their communication.
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