Procedure for EMC testing
of large industrial machines
Version 2.0 - June 97 by CKZ, task force on EMC
Version 3.0
updated due to research results by HOBUfonds “EMCSYS” – project
(IWT: 980060)
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Content
Foreword
4
0. Introduction
5
1. Scope
5
2. Normative references
6
3. Definitions
9
3.1. Electromagnetic compatibility
9
3.2. Electromagnetic disturbance
9
3.3. Electromagnetic immunity
9
3.4. Electromagnetic environment
9
3.5. Reference limit
9
3.6. Electrical / electronic system
9
3.7. Electrical / electronic sub-assembly (ESA)
9
3.8. Machine type
10
3.9. ESA type
10
4. Requirements
4.1. General requirements
4.1.1. Fulfillment of the requirements
4.1.2. Testing
4.1.3. General requirements for immunity testing
4.1.4. Test- and measuring conditions
4.1.4.1. Emission measurement
4.1.4.2. Immunity testing
4.1.5. Performance criteria
4.1.6. Acceptability
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
13
14
4.2. Specifications concerning electromagnetic emissions from machines
4.2.1. Conducted emission
4.2.1.1. Method of measurement
4.2.1.2. Reference limits for continuous noise interference
4.2.2. Radiated emission
4.2.2.1. Method of measurement
4.2.2.2. Reference limits
4.2.3. Harmonics and flicker
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
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4.3. Specifications concerning electromagnetic emissions from ESA’s
4.3.1. Conducted emission
4.3.1.1. Method of measurement
4.3.1.2. Reference limits for continuous noise interference
4.3.2. Radiated emission
4.3.2.1. Method of measurement
4.3.2.2. Reference limits
4.3.3. Harmonics and flicker
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
4.4. Immunity testing of machines
4.4.1. ESD
4.4.2. Radiated immunity
4.4.3. EFT
4.4.4. Surge
4.4.5. Injected current
4.4.6. Power frequency magnetic field
4.4.7. Voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions
17
18
18
19
20
20
21
21
4.5. Immunity testing of ESA’s
4.5.1. ESD
4.5.2. Radiated immunity
4.5.3. EFT
4.5.4. Surge
4.5.5. Injected current
4.5.6. Power frequency magnetic field
4.5.7. Voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions
22
22
22
23
24
24
25
25
Annex A: Informative Annex (not mandatory)
A1. Alternative methods for conducted emission measurements at the main port
A2. Limits for conducted emission levels at the control parts
A3. Limits for radiated emission above 1 GHz
26
26
26
27
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Foreword.
In the past years, more and more electrical and electronic devices have been applied in large industrial
machines, which are designed to control, supervise and indicate the multiple functions. The electrical
and electromagnetic environment in which these devices have to work needs to be taken into consideration.
Electrical and high frequency disturbances emerge during the normal operation of many parts of the
machine devices. They are generated within a large frequency range with different electrical
characteristics and, by conduction and/or radiation, can be imported to other electronic devices and
systems.
Signals generated by sources of interference inside and outside the machines, can also be coupled in
electrical and electronic systems whereat they can influence the normal function of electrical devices.
Sources of narrowband electromagnetic disturbances are e.g. machines with integrated microprocessors.
The elaboration of this procedure is based on the European Harmonised Generic Standards for EMC,
EN 50081-2 and EN 50082-2. As far as possible, the measuring procedures described in these standards
are taken. However, it is not always possible to refer completely to these procedures, due to the specific
measuring problems occurring when applied to large industrial machines. Therefor, the necessary
procedures are described in detail within the annexes of this procedure, both for emission and for
immunity testing (including transient disturbances).
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0. Introduction.
This procedure has been worked out in order to be applied as harmonised standard representing a
means to achieve the conformity with the essential requirements of the European EMC Directive
(89/336/EEC) and the EMC requirements of the European Machine Directive (89/392/EEC).
1. Scope.
This procedure applies to the electromagnetic compatibility of large, industrial machines, which can
be characterised by the fact that it causes a problem to perform EMC testing under normal
laboratory conditions. This can be due to:
- large weight
- big size and dimensions
- transportation problems and access to laboratory
- time needed to build-up the machine
- power consumption
- other ...
Electrical/electronic sub-assemblies or ESA's (separate technical units) intended for fitment in
machines are also within the scope of this procedure.
This procedure describes the requirements on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) [European
EMC Directive 89/336/EEC] and the related safety requirements [European Machine Directive
89/392/EEC], and the procedures necessary for testing. The below mentioned electromagnetic
disturbance phenomena are dealing with:
- electromagnetic interference by emission: conducted and radiated
- electromagnetic field immunity test
- current injected immunity test
- LF-magnetic field immunity test (if applicable)
- electrostatic discharge (ESD)
- conducted transients
- voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions (if applicable)
- harmonics and flicker (if applicable)
This procedure applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of this
procedure.
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2. Normative references.
This procedure incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriated places in the text and the publications are
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this procedure only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For
undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
CISPR 16: Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods
IEC 50: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
EN 50081-2: 1993: Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard Part 2: Industrial environment
EN 50082-2: 1995: Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic immunity standard Part 2: Industrial environment
EN 55011: 1991: CISPR11: 1990: Modified
Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radiofrequency equipment
EN 55014: 1993: CISPR 14: 1993: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of
electral motor-operated and thermal
appliances for household and similar purposes, electric tools
and similar electric apparatus
EN 55022: 1994: CISPR 22: 1993: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of information technology equipment
EN 55024: 1995: Limits and methods of measurement of immunity characteristics of Information
Technology equipment
EN 61000-3-2: 1995: IEC 1000-3-2: 1995
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 3: Limits - Section 2: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current up to and including 16 A
per phase)
EN 61000-3-3: 1995: IEC 1000-3-3: 1994
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 3: Limits - Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in
low-voltage supply systems for equipment with
rated current up to 16A.
EN 61000-4-1: 1994: IEC 1000-4-1: 1992
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Section 1: Overview of immunity tests
NOTE: Basic EMC Publication
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EN 61000-4-2: 1995: IEC 1000-4-2: 1995
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test
NOTE: Basic EMC Publication
prEN 61000-4-3: IEC 1000-4-3: 1996
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
(IEC 1000-4-3: 1995, modified)
EN 61000-4-4: 1995: IEC 1000-4-4: 1995
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
NOTE: Basic EMC Publication
EN 61000-4-5: 1995: IEC 1000-4-5: 1995
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Section 5: Surge immunity test
NOTE: Basic EMC Publication
EN 61000-4-6: 1996: IEC 1000-4-6: 1996
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency
fields
EN 61000-4-8: 1993: IEC 1000-4-8: 1993
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Section 8: Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
NOTE: Basic EMC Publication
EN 61000-4-11: 1994:
IEC 1000-4-11 1994
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations
immunity tests
prEN 50127: 1996: Standard for in-situ emission measurements
prEN 50174: 1996: Installation of customer premises cabling
ISO/DIS/11452-3: 1995: Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Component test methods Part 3: Transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) cell
ISO/DIS/11452-4: 1995: Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Component test methods Part 4: Bulk Current Injection (BCI)
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ISO/DIS/11452-5: 1995: Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Component test methods - Part 5: Stripline
EN 1050: 1996: Sécurité des machines - Principes pour l’appréciation du risque
EN 61547: 1995: IEC 1547: 1995
Equipment for general lighting purposes - EMC immunity requirements
EN 61131-2: 1994: IEC 1131-2: 1993
Programmable controllers - Part 2: Equipment requirements and test
EN 61800-3: 1996: IEC 1800-3: 1996
Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems
Part 3: EMC product standard including specific test methods
prEN 12015: 1995: Electromagnetic compatibility - Product family standard for lifts, elevators
and passenger conveyors - Emission
prEN 12016: 1995: Electromagnetic compatibility - Product family standard for lifts, elevators
and passenger conveyors - Immunity
EN 60947-3: 1992: IEC 947-3: 1990 + corrigendum Dec. 1991
Modified
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination
units
EN 50173: 1995: Information technology - Generic cabling systems
prEN 61000-5-X: General cabling systems
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3. Definitions.
For the purposes of this procedure, the following definitions apply.
3.1. Electromagnetic compatibility
“Electromagnetic compatibility” means the ability of a machine or (a) components(s) or (a) separate technical unit(s) to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment, without
introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment
(see IEC 50: 1990, 161-01-07).
3.2. Electromagnetic disturbance
“Electromagnetic disturbance” means any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the
performance of a machine or (a) component(s) or (a) separate technical unit(s). An electromagnetic disturbance may be an electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the
propagation medium itself (see IEC 50: 1990, 161-01-05).
3.3. Electromagnetic immunity
“Electromagnetic immunity” means the ability of a machine or (a) component(s) or (a) separate
technical unit(s) to perform without degradation of performance in the presence of specified
electromagnetic disturbances (see IEC 50: 1990, 161-01-20).
3.4. Electromagnetic environment
“Electromagnetic environment” means the totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a
given location (see IEC 50: 1990, 161-01-01).
3.5. Reference antenna
“Reference antenna” for the frequency range 30 to 80 MHz means a shortened balanced dipole
being a half wave resonant dipole at 80 MHz, and for the frequency range above 80 MHz means a
balanced half wave resonant dipole tuned to the measurement frequency (see CISPR 16-1).
3.6. Electrical/electronic system
An “electrical / electronic system” means (an) electrical and / or electronic components(s) or a set
of components intended to be part of a machine, together with any associated electrical
connections.
3.7. Electrical/electronic sub-assembly (ESA)
An “Electrical / electronic sub-assembly” (ESA) means (an) electrical and / or electronic component(s) or set of components intended to be part of a machine, together with any associated
electrical connections and wiring, which performs one or more specialised functions.
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3.8. Machine type
“Machine type” in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means machines which do not differ
in such essential respects as:
• the structural shape
• the general arrangement of the electrical and / or electronic components and the general wiring
arrangement
• the primary material of which the design of the machine consists (for example a steel,
aluminium or fiberglass covering parts)
3.9. ESA type
An “ESA type’ in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means ESA’s which do not differ in
such essential respects as:
• the function performed by the ESA.
• the arrangement of the electrical and / or electronic components, if applicable.
• the primary material of the casing.
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4. Requirements
4.1. General requirements
It is important to mention here that a product is covered by the directive if it is included in its field
of application and presents potential hazards with respect to EMC. This means that it should be
contemplated in one or more essential safety and/or protection requirements, and for which
protective action is justified. This is an exclusive manufacturer's decision. The manufacturer is the
only and ultimate responsible for the conformity of his product to the directive. Furthermore, he is
the only one able to evaluate the hazards that the product may or will present when used as
intended. He will do such evaluation by way of a hazard or risk analysis, that, once done, will
allow him to decide which specific parts of the machine or ESA's should be tested for which
specific requirements, and at which level of severity.
The report of this hazard or risk analysis must be part of the test report.
4.1.1. Fulfillment of the requirements
The requirements of this standard are to be met by a machine (and its electrical / electronic
installation or its ESA) operating in conformity with the final purpose. According to the choice
of the machine manufacturer the following alternatives are possible to give evidence to the
respect of the requirements:
• The requirements of the standard are deemed to be fulfilled for a complete machine when the
requirements identified in Chapter 4, as applicable, are fulfilled. In case the machine
manufacturer has chosen this alternative no routine tests of the electrical / electronic systems or
ESA’s are required.
• The requirements of these standards are also deemed to be fulfilled if it is confirmed by the
machine manufacturer that all electrical / electronic systems or ESA’s are in conformity with the
requirements of the European EMC Directive and have been installed in conformance with the
recommended requirements of the ESA.
• The requirements of this standard are also deemed to be fulfilled when the machine has no such
equipment for which an immunity or interference test is required.
4.1.2. Testing
It is chosen a kind of “type testing” as test procedure. A type (designated “test specimen” in the
further text) which has been chosen from the series according to certain criteria is tested. Here,
the definitions of 3.9. Machine type and 3.10. ESA type have to be taken into account.
In every test procedure reference limits are determined to which the complete production has to
correspond. Tightened limit values apply for the test specimen for the radiating tests, which
have to be 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits (at emission) respectively 2,0 dB (25 %)
above the reference limits (at immunity).
Note 1: This additional margin is used in order to account for:
• insignificant differences between the test specimen and the series product (equivalence of the test specimen) and
• insignificant differences of different testing laboratories (reproducibility of results).
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If the test specimen fulfills the tightened limit values, it is assumed that all series-products which
are represented by the test specimen comply with the reference limits.
Note 2: This means that the reference limits are taken as basis for a hundred per cent testing of
the production and for inspection.
Referring to the electrostatic discharge and conducted tests the reference limits are also valid for
the test specimen.
Note 3: The test procedure for the electrostatic discharge and the conducted RF and transient
tests depend in a less substantial way from the environmental influences and
insignificant modifications of the test specimen and consequently the additional margin
does not apply.
4.1.3. General requirements for immunity testing
Referring to the hazard or risk analysis, no disturbances shall occur during the testing which may
affect the safety of the machine: it concerns movements of parts of the machine and
modifications on the state of function which may generate hazards or mislead others. For this
functions, performance criterium A must be achieved (see section 4.1.5.). For the other essential
functions of the machine, they should comply with the performance requirements as set by the
manufacturer (see sections 4.1.5 and 4.4.)..
4.1.4. Test- and measuring conditions
4.1.4.1. Emission measurement
The measurements shall be made in the operating mode producing the largest emission in the
frequency band being investigated consistent with the normal applications. An attempt shall be
made to maximize the emission by varying the configuration of the test sample (Worst Case
Configuration).
If the apparatus is part of a system, or can be connected to auxiliary apparatus, then the
apparatus shall be tested while connected to the minimum configuration of auxiliary appara-tus
necessary to exercise the ports in accordance with EN 55022.
The configuration and mode of operating during measurement shall be precisely noted in the
test report.
If the apparatus has a large number of terminals, then a sufficient number shall be selected to
simulate actual operating conditions and to ensure that all the different types of termination are
covered.
The tests shall be carried out somewhere within the specified operating environmental range
for the apparatus and at its rated supply voltage, unless otherwise indicated in the basic
standard.
4.1.4.2. Immunity testing
The tests shall be made in the most susceptible operating mode in the frequency bands being
investigated consistent with normal applications. The configuration of the test sample shall be
varied to achieve maximum susceptibility (Worst Case Configuration).
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If the apparatus is part of a system, or can be connected to auxiliary apparatus, then the
apparatus shall be tested while connected to the minimum representative configuration of
auxiliary apparatus necessary to exercise the ports in a similar manner to that described in EN
55022.
In cases where a manufacturer’s specification specially requires external protection devices or
measures which are clearly specified in the user’s manual, then the test requirements of this
standard shall be applied with the external protection devices or measures in place.
The configuration and mode of operation during the tests shall be precisely noted in the test
report. It is not always possible to test every function of the apparatus, in such cases the most
critical mode of operation shall be selected.
If the apparatus has a large number of similar ports or ports with many similar connections,
then a sufficient number shall be selected to simulate actual operating conditions and to en-sure
that all the different types of termination are covered.
The tests shall be carried out within the operating ranges of temperature, humidity and pressure
specified for the product and at the rated supply voltage, unless otherwise indicated in the basic
standard.
If the manufacturer is using his own specification for an acceptable level of EMC performance
or degradation of EMC performance during or after the testing required by this standard, then
this specification shall be made available upon request.
The tests shall be carried out as single tests in sequence. The sequence of testing is optional.
4.1.5. Performance criteria
The variety and the diversity of the apparatus within the scope of this document makes it impossible to define precise criteria for the evaluation of the immunity test results.
If as a result of the application of the tests defined in this standard the apparatus becomes
dangerous or unsafe then the apparatus shall be deemed to have failed the test.
A functional description and a definition of performance criteria, during or as a consequence of
the EMC testing, shall be provided by the manufacturer and noted in the test report, based on the
following criteria:
Performance criterion A: The apparatus shall continue to operate as intended. No degradation
of performance or loss of function is allowed below a performance level specified by the
manufacturer, when the apparatus is used as intended. The performance level may be replaced
by a permissible loss of performance. If the minimum performance level or the permissible
performance loss is not specified by the manufacturer then either of these may be derived from
the product description and documentation and what the user may reasonable expect from the
apparatus if used as intended.
Performance criterion B: The apparatus shall continue to operate as intended after the test. No
degradation of performance or loss of function is allowed below a performance level specified
by the manufacturer, when the apparatus is used as intended. The performance level may be
replaced by a permissible loss of performance. During the test, degradation of performance is
however allowed. No change of actual operating state or stored data is allowed. If the minimum performance level or the permissible performance loss is not specified by the manufacturer then either of these may be derived form the product description and documentation and
what the user may reasonably expect from the apparatus if used as intended.
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Performance criterion C: Temporary loss of function is allowed, provided the loss of function
is self recoverable or can be restored by the operation of the controls.
4.1.6. Applicability
It may be determined from considerations of the hazard analysis and/or of the electrical
characteristics and usage of a particular machine or ESA that some of the measurements or tests
are inappropriate and therefor unnecessary. In such a case it is required that the decision not to
measure or test be recorded in the test report.
4.2. Specifications concerning electromagnetic emissions from machines.
The measurements are performed in situ, so no groundplane should be applied.
4.2.1. Conducted emission.
4.2.1.1 .Method of measurement
Basically, it is referred to EN 55011 for the measurement method to be applied.
In order to reduce the test-time,
• for continuous noise, the following procedure should be followed:
- first, a measurement is performed using Peak Detection. If these measurements are
lower than the Quasi-Peak limits, as given in section 4.2.1.2., the machine will comply.
- if the Peak Detection measurements are exceeding the Quasi-Peak limits, a second
measurement is performed, using Quasi-Peak Detection, only at these frequencies
exceeding the QPD limits. If the measured values are now below the QPD limits, the
machine will comply.
• for impulsive noise, it is referred to EN 55014 for both emission limits and measuring
methods.
In case of a 3-phase system, the method is also applicable phase per phase. In cases of high
current, the probe 1500/50 Ohm (as referred in EN 55011) may be used, either in a single
phase, either in a 3-phase version.
4.2.1.2. Reference limits for continuous noise interference.
Frequency range
MHz
0,15 - 0,5
0,5 - 5,0
5 - 30
Limits
dBuV
Measurement with rated mains input current
<25 A
25 - 100 A
79 quasi peak
100 quasi peak
66 average
90 average
73 quasi peak
86 quasi peak
60 average
76 average
73 quasi peak
90 - 70 quasi peak
60 average
80 - 60 average
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> 100 A
130 quasi peak
120 average
125 quasi peak
115 average
115 quasi peak
105 average
4.2.2. Radiated emission.
4.2.2.1. Method of measurement
Basically, it is referred to EN 55011 for the measurement method to be applied. Enclosed test
facilities may be used if correlation can be shown with the reference site.
• for continuous noise, the following procedure should be followed:
- first, a measurement is performed using Peak Detection. If these measurements are
lower than the Quasi-Peak limits, as given in section 4.2.1.2., the machine will comply.
- if the Peak Detection measurements are exceeding the Quasi-Peak limits, a second
measurement is performed, using Quasi-Peak Detection, only at these frequencies
exceeding the QPD limits. If the measured values are now below the QPD limits, the
machine will comply.
• when measurements are performed outside, they shall not be made while rain or other
precipitation is falling, or within 10 minutes after such precipication has stopped.
Measurements in situ, as close as to 1 m distance are acceptable (see ref. 112-30:
Environement électromagnetique des équipements installeés dans les locaux des clients de
France Télécom.), therefore a correction factor of 20 log (Ds/Dm) may be applied.
At least 4 measuring points around the machine must be tested. Position of the test points (and
also more points) are defined by the former hazard analysis. At least one antenna height of 1.5
m is used.
An appropriate procedure should be applied for discrimination between ambient noise and
radiated emission by the machine under test. The methods and its rationale must be reported in
the test report. Preferably, the ambient noise should be at least 6 dB less than the radiated
emission noise of the machine under test.
4.2.2.2. Reference limits
Frequency range
MHz
30 - 230
230 - 1000
Measurement at 30 m
30 quasi peak
37 quasi peak
Limits
dBuV/m
Measurement at 10 m
40 quasi peak
47 quasi peak
Measurement at 3 m
50 quasi peak
57 quasi peak
For measurements at another distance, the limit values may be corrected by 20 log (Ds/Dm),
where Ds is the standard reference distance of measuring and Dm is the actual measuring
distance.
In case of the measured values should be corrected, the formula 20 log (Dm/Ds) must be used.
4.2.3. Harmonics and flicker.
The standards EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3 are applicable.
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4.3. Specifications concerning electromagnetic emissions from ESA's
This section only applies if there is no specific harmonised European standard available for the
ESA under consideration.
4.3.1. Conducted emission.
4.3.1.1 .Method of measurement
Basically, it is referred to EN 55011 for the measurement method to be applied.
In order to reduce the test-time,
• for continuous noise, the following procedure should be followed:
- first, a measurement is performed using Peak Detection. If these measurements are
lower than the Quasi-Peak limits, as given in section 4.3.1.2., the machine will comply.
- if the Peak Detection measurements are exceeding the Quasi-Peak limits, a second
measurement is performed, using Quasi-Peak Detection, only at these frequencies
exceeding the QPD limits. If the measured values are now below the QPD limits, the
machine will comply.
• for impulsive noise, it is referred to EN 55014 for both emission limits and measuring
methods.
In case of a 3-phase system, the method is also applicable phase per phase. In cases of high
current, the probe 1500/50 Ohm (as referred in EN 55011) may be used, either in a single
phase, either in a 3-phase version.
4.3.1.2. Reference limits for continuous noise interference.
Frequency range
MHz
0,15 - 0,5
0,5 - 5,0
5 - 30
Limits
dBuV
Measurement with rated mains input current
<25 A
25 - 100 A
79 quasi peak
100 quasi peak
66 average
90 average
73 quasi peak
86 quasi peak
60 average
76 average
73 quasi peak
90 - 70 quasi peak
60 average
80 - 60 average
> 100 A
130 quasi peak
120 average
125 quasi peak
115 average
115 quasi peak
105 average
4.3.2. Radiated emission.
4.3.2.1. Method of measurement
Basically, it is referred to EN 55011 for the measurement method to be applied. Enclosed test
facilities may be used if correlation can be shown with the reference site.
• for continuous noise, the following procedure should be followed:
- first, a measurement is performed using Peak Detection. If these measurements are
lower than the Quasi-Peak limits, as given in section 4.3.1.2., the machine will comply.
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- if the Peak Detection measurements are exceeding the Quasi-Peak limits, a second
measurement is performed, using Quasi-Peak Detection, only at these frequencies
exceeding the QPD limits. If the measured values are now below the QPD limits, the
machine will comply.
• when measurements are performed outside, they shall not be made while rain or other
precipitation is falling, or within 10 minutes after such precipication has stopped.
Measurements in situ, as close as to 1 m distance are acceptable (see ref. 112-30:
Environement électromagnetique des équipements installeés dans les locaux des clients de
France Télécom.), therefore a correction factor of 20 log (Ds/Dm) may be applied.
Other measuring methods than the referred ones in EN 55011 are acceptable, as far as correlation between the test-method used and an OATS can be shown. Or that an appropriated limit
level has been used. The rationale in this case must be given and explained.
4.3.2.2. Reference limits
Frequency range
MHz
30 - 230
230 - 1000
Measurement at 30 m
30 quasi peak
37 quasi peak
Limits
dBuV/m
Measurement at 10 m
40 quasi peak
47 quasi peak
Measurement at 3 m
50 quasi peak
57 quasi peak
For measurements at another distance, the limit values may be corrected by 20 log (Ds/Dm),
where Ds is the standard reference distance of measuring and Dm is the actual measuring
distance.
In case of the measured values should be corrected, the formula 20 log (Dm/Ds) must be used.
4.3.3. Harmonics and flicker.
The standards EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3 are applicable.
4.4. Immunity testing of machines.
The measurements are performed in situ, so no groundplane should be applied.
For functions concerning the safety of the machine, as described in 4.1.3., the mentioned
requirements in this procedure, must be considered as minimum recommended requirements.
They can be more severe, depending on the outcome of the hazard analysis.
For the other functions of the machine (see 4.1.3.), the mentioned requirements must be considered as normal recommended requirements.
The following summary is given as a table overview.
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4.4.1. ESD
Safety functions:
Level: 8 kV Contact discharge
15 kV Air discharge
Other functions
Level: 4 kV Contact discharge
Criterium: A
A
Criterium: B
8 kV Air discharge
B
Level: 80 - 1000 MHz
10 V/m
80 % AM (1 kHz)
Criterium: A
Reference: EN 61000-4-2
4.4.2. Radiated immunity
Safety functions:
900 MHz
10 V/m
50 Duty cycle %
200 Rep. frequency Hz
Other functions
Level: 80 - 1000 MHz
10 V/m
80 % AM (1 kHz)
900 MHz
10 V/m
50 Duty cycle %
200 Rep. frequency Hz
Criterium: A
Criterium: A
Criterium: A
Reference: EN 61000-4-3 and ENV 50204 (GSM test)
Remark:
• Uniform field strength distribution is not required: an uniform field strength can not always
be achieved for these types of equipment under test.
• Add 25 % of field strength for type testing.
• Alternative methods can be accepted by proving evidence of equivalent severity levels.
- 18 -
4.4.3. EFT
Safety functions:
Level: 2 kV (peak) (cap. clamp)
Criterium: A
5/50 Tr/Th ns (capacative clamp)
5 Rep. freq. kHz (capacative clamp)
2 kV (peak) (direct inj.) (*)
5/50 Tr/Th ns (direct injection)
5 Rep. freq. kHz (direct injection)
Other functions:
Criterium: A
Level: 0.5 kV (peak) (capacitive clamp) (**) Criterium: B
5/50 Tr/Th ns (capacative clamp)
5 Rep. freq. kHz (capacative clamp)
2 kV (peak) (direct inj.) (*)
5/50 Tr/Th ns (direct injection)
5 Rep. freq. kHz (direct injection)
Criterium: B
Reference: EN 61000-4-4
(*) Remark:
• The possibility of a capacitive injection clamp (or equivalent capacitor) can be accepted for
EFT-burst injection on the main power supply line. In this case, the double of the voltage
level must be applied as for the direct injection (CDN).
• The possibility of a single phase injection can be accepted
(**) Depending on influence in process control or not.
- 19 -
4.4.4. Surge
Safety functions:
Other functions:
Level: 1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs
(control lines)
2 kV (Common Mode)
1 kV (Differential Mode)
Criterium: A
1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs
(AC power)
4 kV (Common Mode)
2 kV (Differential Mode)
Criterium: A
Level: 1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs
(Control lines)
2 kV (Common Mode)
1 kV (Differential Mode)
Criterium: B
1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs
(AC power)
4 kV (Common Mode)
2 kV (Differential Mode)
Criterium: B
Reference: EN 61000-4-5 - if technical possible
Remark:
• If technical possible for high current lines.
• The possibility of a single phase injection is accepted (second part of safety functions).
• Only to be performed on machine level if the ESA’S have no protection for surge, neither
there is a global protection at the installation level of the plant.
4.4.5. Injected current
Safety functions:
Level: 0.15 - 80 MHz
Criterium: A
10 V (rms, unmodulated - CM)
80 % AM (1 kHz)
150 Source impedance Ω (modulated)
Other functions:
Level: 0.15 - 80 MHz
Criterium:A
10 V (rms, unmodulated - CM)
80 % AM (1 kHz)
150 Source impedance Ω (modulated)
Reference: EN 61000-4-6
Remark:
• The possibility of an injection clamp instead of CDN’s is accepted.
- 20 -
4.4.6. Power frequency magnetic field
Safety functions:
Level: 50 Hz
30 A(rms)/m
Criterium: A
Other functions:
Level: 50 Hz
30 A(rms)/m
Criterium: A
Reference: EN 61000-4-8 - if applicable (magnetic sensitive devices)
Remark:
• Small coils as specified in EN 55103-2 (Electromagnetic compatibility - Product family
standard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lightning control apparatus for
professional use - Part 2: Immunity) are also accepted.
4.4.7. Voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions
Safety functions:
Level: -100/- 60 % reduction
50 / 100 ms
30 / 60 % reduction
10 / 100 ms
> 95 % reduction
5000 ms
Other functions:
Level: -100/- 60 % reduction
50 / 100 ms
30 / 60 % reduction
10 / 100 ms
> 95 % reduction
5000 ms
Reference: EN 61000-4-11 - if technical possible.
- 21 -
Criterium: A
A for 10 ms
A for 100 ms
`
A
Criterium: C
B for 10 ms
C for 100 ms
C
`
4.5. Immunity testing of ESA's.
This section only applies if there is no specific harmonised European standard available for the
ESA under consideration.
The following summary is given as a table overview.
4.5.1. ESD
Safety functions:
Level: 8 kV Contact discharge
15 kV Air discharge
Other functions
Level: 4 kV Contact discharge
Criterium: A
A
Criterium: B
8 kV Air discharge
B
Level: 80 - 1000 MHz
10 V/m
80 % AM (1 kHz)
Criterium: A
Reference: EN 61000-4-2
4.5.2. Radiated immunity
Safety functions:
900 MHz
10 V/m
50 Duty cycle %
200 Rep. frequency Hz
Other functions
Level: 80 - 1000 MHz
10 V/m
80 % AM (1 kHz)
900 MHz
10 V/m
50 Duty cycle %
200 Rep. frequency Hz
Criterium: A
Criterium: A
Criterium: A
Reference: EN 61000-4-3 and ENV 50204 (GSM test)
Remark:
• Uniform field strength distribution is not required: an uniform field strength can not always
be achieved for these types of equipment under test.
• Add 25 % of field strength for type testing.
• Alternative methods can be accepted by proving evidence of equivalent severity levels.
Typically, current injection on all wiring and cables can replace radiated immunity, with a
ratio of 1 mA/V/m upto 2 mA/V/m, depending on the geometrical aspects of the cabling.
This method is valid upto 1 GHz.
- 22 -
4.5.3. EFT
Safety functions:
Level: 2 kV (peak) (cap. clamp)
Criterium: A
5/50 Tr/Th ns (capacative clamp)
5 Rep. freq. kHz (capacative clamp)
2 kV (peak) (direct inj.)
5/50 Tr/Th ns (direct injection)
5 Rep. freq. kHz (direct injection)
Other functions:
Criterium: A
Level: 1/2 kV (peak) (capacitive clamp) (*) Criterium: B
5/50 Tr/Th ns (capacative clamp)
5 Rep. freq. kHz (capacative clamp)
2 kV (peak) (direct inj.)
5/50 Tr/Th ns (direct injection)
5 Rep. freq. kHz (direct injection)
Criterium: B
Reference: EN 61000-4-4
(*) Remark:
• The possibility of a capacitive injection clamp (or equivalent capacitor) can be accepted for
EFT-burst injection on the main power supply line. In this case, the double of the voltage
level must be applied as for the direct injection (CDN).
• The possibility of a single phase injection can be accepted
(**) Depending on influence in process control or not.
- 23 -
4.5.4. Surge
Safety functions:
Other functions:
Level: 1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs
(control lines)
2 kV (Common Mode)
1 kV (Differential Mode)
Criterium: A
1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs
(AC power)
4 kV (Common Mode)
2 kV (Differential Mode)
Criterium: A
Level: 1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs
(Control lines)
2 kV (Common Mode)
1 kV (Differential Mode)
Criterium: B
1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs
(AC power)
4 kV (Common Mode)
2 kV (Differential Mode)
Criterium: B
Reference: EN 61000-4-5 - if technical possible
Remark:
• If technical possible for high current lines.
• The possibility of a single phase injection is accepted (second part of safety functions).
• Only to be performed on ESA, when the machine itself has no common protection for surge,
neither there is a global protection at the installation level of the plant.
4.5.5. Injected current
Safety functions:
Level: 0.15 - 80 MHz
Criterium: A
10 V (rms, unmodulated - CM)
80 % AM (1 kHz)
150 Source impedance Ω (modulated)
Other functions:
Level: 0.15 - 80 MHz
Criterium:A
10 V (rms, unmodulated - CM)
80 % AM (1 kHz)
150 Source impedance Ω (modulated)
Reference: EN 61000-4-6
Remark:
• The possibility of an injection clamp instead of CDN’s is accepted.
• See also 4.5.2. for the application of an extended frequency range.
- 24 -
4.5.6. Power frequency magnetic field
Safety functions:
Level: 50 Hz
30 A(rms)/m
Criterium: A
Other functions:
Level: 50 Hz
30 A(rms)/m
Criterium: A
Reference: EN 61000-4-8 - if applicable (magnetic sensitive devices)
Remark:
• Small coils as specified in EN 55103-2 (Electromagnetic compatibility - Product family
standard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lightning control apparatus for
professional use - Part 2: Immunity) are also accepted.
4.5.7. Voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions
Safety functions:
Level: -100/- 60 % reduction
50 / 100 ms
30 / 60 % reduction
10 / 100 ms
> 95 % reduction
5000 ms
Other functions:
Level: -100/- 60 % reduction
50 / 100 ms
30 / 60 % reduction
10 / 100 ms
> 95 % reduction
5000 ms
Reference: EN 61000-4-11 - if technical possible.
- 25 -
Criterium: A
A for 10 ms
A for 100 ms
`
A
Criterium: C
B for 10 ms
C for 100 ms
C
`
Annex A: Informative annex (not mandatory)
A1. Alternative methods for conducted emission measurements at the main port
With reference to the proposed standard prEN 50217 and the proposed amendment to CISPR 22
(and to EN 55022), the measurement of the common mode current is also accepted in order to
characterise the conducted emission level at the mains terminal. The limit values are derived for
use with a Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) which presents a common mode
(asymmetric mode) impedance of 150 Ohm to the mains terminal under test. The conversion
factor is 20 log (150) = 44 dB, with an intermediate relaxation of 6 dB, giving 38 dB calculation
factor.
The limits are given as Quasi Peak Detection limits (QPD).
However, when Peak Detection (PD) measured values are below these limits, the system is
deemed to comply.
Table A1: Limits for conducted disturbance at the mains port
Frequency range
MHz
0,15 - 0,5
0,5 - 5,0
5 - 30
Limits
dBµA
Measurement with rated mains input current
<25 A
25 - 100 A
41 quasi peak
62 quasi peak
28 average
52 average
35 quasi peak
48 quasi peak
24 average
38 average
35 quasi peak
52 - 32 quasi peak
24 average
42 - 22 average
> 100 A
92 quasi peak
82 average
87 quasi peak
77 average
77 quasi peak
67 average
A2. Limits for conducted emission levels at the control ports.
With reference to the proposed standard prEN 50217 and the proposed amendment to CISPR 22
(and to EN 55022), the measurement of the common mode current is also accepted in order to
characterise the conducted emission level at the control and signal lines and ports.
Both common mode (asymmetric mode) voltage and currents limits are given in the next table.
The limit values for the common mode current are derived for use with an Impedance Stabilization
Network (ISN) or Coupling/Decoupling Network (CDN) which presents a common mode
(asymmetric mode) impedance of 150 Ohm to the mains terminal under test. The conversion
factor is 20 log (150) = 44 dB.
The limits are given as Quasi Peak Detection limits (QPD).
However, when Peak Detection (PD) measured values are below these limits, the system is
deemed to comply.
Table A2: Limits for conducted disturbance at the control signal lines and ports
Frequency range
MHz
0,15 - 0,5
5 - 30
Voltage limits
dB (µV)
97 to 87 quasi peak
84 to 74 average
87 quasi peak
74 average
- 26 -
Current limits
dB (µA)
53 to 43 quasi peak
40 to 30 average
43 quasi peak
30 average
A3. Limits for radiated emission above 1 GHz
With reference to a proposed amendment to CISPR 22 (and EN 55022), both tables and
procedures are given for the characterisation of systems for radiated emission, in the frequency
range from 1 GHz to 18 GHz
It should explicitly noted that this information is still under discussion in the appropriated
technical committees, and can be changed in the near future.
Conditional testing procedure:
The EUT is tested below 1 GHz as described in the procedure.
If, in the band from 500 MHz to 1 GHz, all emissions are 10 dB below the limit and the 5th
harmonic of the highest internal source is lower than 1 GHz (i.e. higher source < 200 MHz), no
testing above 1 GHz is required.
If not: the EUT is tested from 1 to 2.7 GHz with the limits of table A3 or A4.
If, in the band from 2 GHz to 2.7 GHz, all emissions are 10 dB below the limit and the 5th harmonic of the highest internal source is lower than 2.7 GHz (i.e. higher source < 540 MHz), no
extra testing is required.
If not: the EUT tested from 2.7 GHz to 10.7 GHz with the limits of table A3 or A4.
If, in the band form 7 GHz to 10.7 GHz, all emissions are 10 dB below the limit and the 5th harmonic of the highest internal source is lower than 10.7 GHz (i.e. higher source < 2.14 GHz), no
extra testing is required.
If not: the EUT is tested from 10.7 to 18 GHz with the limits of table A3 or A4.
Table A3: Limits for radiated disturbance at a reference distance of 3 m.
Frequency range
GHz
Peak limit
dB(µV/m)
1 to 1.24
1.24 to 1.3
1.3 to 1.7
1.7 to 1.92
1.92 to 10.7
10.7 to 18
70
50
70
50
70
85
Table A4: Limits for radiated disturbance at the measurement distance R
Frequency range
GHz
1 to 1.24
1.24 to 1.3
1.3 to 1.7
1.7 to 1.92
1.92 to 10.7
2.7 to 10.7
10.7 to 18
dB(µV/m)
80
60
80
60
80
86
101
Peak limit
1
1
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
- 27 -