WESTERN UNIVERISTY SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION SCIENCES & DISORDERS CSD 9634 AURAL HABILITATION/REHABILITATION FOR THE SLP WINTER 2015 Instructor: Vickie Hlady-MacDonald, MHSc Speech-Language Pathologist, Auditory-Verbal Therapist v.hladymacdonald@tvdsb.on.ca Course coordinator: Susan Scollie, PhD Associate Professor scollie@nca.uwo.ca Elborn College, NCA, Rm 2262H 519-661-2111 x88948 Lectures: Wednesdays, 6:00-9:00 pm Description : This course provides an overview of theoretical considerations and common practice challenges in developing oral communication skills that arise as a result of congenital or acquired hearing loss. Students will examine issues in habilitation and rehabilitation of communication needs associated with hearing loss. The topics require you to integrate material from previous coursework in speech-language pathology as they relate to the communication challenges of individuals across the life span. Topics include the impact of hearing loss on speech and language development, auditory verbal therapy, assistive technology, and current directions of research in genetics, auditory neuropathy, and deafness with lowvision/blindness. A brief introduction is provided related to Deaf culture, its representatives’ position on the rehabilitation efforts by speech-language pathologists and audiologists, and the impact of its position on those with hearing loss. The multidisciplinary roles and contributions of speech-language pathologists and audiologists to habilitation and rehabilitation approaches for minimizing the impact of hearing loss on speech and language development and function are examined. Information regarding programs for further specialization in the field of hearing loss (Listening and Spoken Language Specialist, American Sign Language) will be introduced. Required Readings: As a resource for this course and future professional practice, students are encouraged to refer to: Fitzpatrick, E.M & Doucet, S. P. (2013) Pediatric audiologic habilitation: from infancy to adolescence. Thieme Publishers, Toronto Canada. Assigned readings for each lecture are detailed in the schedule below. Copies of these readings are available for download from the course OWL Sakai website. Course Components/Evaluation: The course readings and resources have been selected to prepare you for active participation in class discussions, to inform your course assignments, and to provide resources to you for the final exam and upcoming practice as SLPs. The final exam will require integration of knowledge from course readings and class discussions in an applied exam that requires clinical reasoning and critical thinking. In addition to the assignments and final exam, students are expected to attend and to participate in all lectures. CSD 9634 1 Grading 1. In-class/ group assignments and personal reflections assigned for the sessions on Social Emotional Impact of Hearing Loss, Total Communication and ASL, and Cochlear Implants – 3 assignments 10% each Total: 30% of final grade 2. Case study assignments – 40% (two parts, valued at 20% each) 3. Final Exam (cumulative) – 30% Policies on Late Assignments and Missed Exams: Please inform Professor Hlady-MacDonald and the section instructor by email or phone in advance, that you will miss an exam, an in-class assignment, or an assignment due date. If you miss a scheduled exam, fail to complete an in-class assignment or fail to submit an assignment by the due date, you will not be allowed to write the exam or have the assignment graded without satisfactory, original written documentation of acute medical or compassionate reasons. Whenever possible, the documentation should be provided on the day of or within two working days after the scheduled exam or due date. Please provide this documentation to Prof. Hlady-MacDonald. In accordance with Western’s medical note policy, a Western Student Medical Certificate (SMC) is required where you are seeking academic accommodation due to illness. This documentation should be obtained at the time of the initial consultation with the physician or walk-in clinic. Where it is not possible for to have an SMC completed by the attending physician, you must request documentation sufficient to demonstrate that your ability to meet your academic responsibilities was seriously affected at the time of the exam. For more detailed information and a downloadable Western SMC form, visit https://studentservices.uwo.ca/secure/index.cfm (under Medical Documentation heading). The penalty for missing the final exam without authorization from the course coordinator or instructors is a grade of 0 for that exam. Late assignments without approval from the course coordinator and section instructor are eligible for 50% off the grade for that section assignment. Academic Integrity Students are urged to read the section on Scholastic Offenses in the Academic Calendar (www.uwo.ca/grad). Students are responsible for understanding the nature of, and avoiding the occurrence of, academic offenses. Note that such offenses include cheating on an examination, unauthorized possession of an examination paper, impersonating a candidate at an examination, plagiarism, submitting false or fraudulent assignments, and aiding or abetting any scholastic offense. The penalties for a student guilty of a scholastic offence range from refusal of a passing grade in the assignment, refusal of a passing grade in the course, suspension from the University, and expulsion from the University Students must write their assignments and exams in their own words. Whenever students take an idea or a passage of text from another author, they must acknowledge their debt by using quotation marks where appropriate and by proper referencing such as footnotes or citations. Consult with the course instructors and the latest edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (currently the 6th Edition) to ensure proper acknowledgement and citation of previously published material. A claim that "I didn't know it was wrong!" is not an acceptable reason. Alternate publication formats are not acceptable. CSD 9634 2 Assignments may be subject to submission for textual similarity review to the commercial plagiarism detection software under license to the University for instances of plagiarism. All assignments submitted for such checking will be included as source documents in the reference database for the purpose of detecting plagiarism of documents subsequently submitted to the system. Use of the service is subject to the licensing agreement, currently between Western and Turnitin.com (www.turnitin.com). Civility in the Classroom You are expected to maintain the same high standards of conduct and moral judgment in the classroom as expected of speech language pathologists who are practicing members of their professional associations and licensing/regulatory agencies. Therefore, you are asked to comply with the following reasonable expectations for classroom conduct: 1. Students and the instructors will behave in a manner that is welcoming, supportive, and respectful of cultural and individual differences at all times. 2. Students are expected to participate in the course by asking questions and contributing comments during lectures. 3. Conduct that could distract fellow students or the instructor during a lecture must be avoided. This includes but is not limited to talking when others are speaking, passing notes, sleeping and overt inattention. 4. Please arrive on time for class. If you are unavoidably late, please enter quietly and take the nearest seat. 5. Cell phones and other devices should be turned off during class. Receiving and sending text messages should not be undertaken during the lecture. 6. Computers may be used solely for course purposes, e.g., taking notes. Students must not browse the web, shop on-line, use email or engage in instant messaging etc. during class. Accessibility: Please contact the course instructor if you require material in an alternate format or if any other arrangements can make this course more accessible to you. You may also wish to contact Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD) at http://www.sdc.uwo.ca/ssd/ or 519-661-2111 ext. 82147 for any specific question regarding an accommodation. Support Services: Office of the Registrar, http://www.registrar.uwo.ca/ Student Development Centre, http://www.sdc.uwo.ca/ USC Student Support Services, http://westernusc.ca/services/ Graduate Course Health and Wellness As part of a successful graduate student experience at Western, we encourage students to make their health and wellness a priority. Western provides several on campus health-related services to help you achieve optimum health and engage in healthy living while pursuing your graduate degree. For example, to support physical activity, all students, as part of their registration, receive membership in Western’s Campus Recreation Centre. Numerous cultural events are offered throughout the year. For example, please check out the Faculty of Music web page http://www.music.uwo.ca/, and our own McIntosh Gallery http://www.mcintoshgallery.ca/. Information regarding health- and wellness-related services available to students may be found at http://www.health.uwo.ca/. Students seeking help regarding mental health concerns are advised to speak to someone they feel comfortable confiding in, such as their faculty supervisor, their program director (graduate chair), or other relevant administrators in their unit. Campus mental health resources may be found at http://www.health.uwo.ca/mental_health/resources.html. CSD 9634 3 Students who are in emotional/mental distress should refer to Student Health Services ( 519-6613771, http://www.health.uwo.ca/mental_health/, for a complete list of options about how to obtain help. CSD 9634 4 SCHEDULE Lecture/ Date 1/ Jan 7, 2015 S. Scollie Topics 2/ Jan 14, 2015 V.HladyMacDonald THE SOCIO-EMOTIONAL IMPACT OF HEARING LOSS The Impact of Hearing Loss: Physical/Socioemotional/Developmental Guests: N. Davison, F. Chahbar, S. Zimmo, K. Fallon, K. McIver-Lux, K. Hackett- 3/ Jan 21, 2015 V.HladyMacDonald INTRODUCTION Course Expectations Early Hearing Detections & Intervention: evidence and rationale, program structure, legislation, management, model programs (Ontario IHP) evidence on long term outcomes and factors affecting outcomes Reflection Assignment assigned THE DEVELOPMENTAL IMPACT OF HEARING LOSS Normal auditory skills development in infancy and early childhood and impact of varied degrees of hearing loss on communication development PERMANENT CHILDHOOD HEARING LOSS: ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION Assessments for Auditory Skills, Concept of Hearing Age, Auditory-Verbal Approach Reflection assignment due at beginning of class – may be submitted electronically prior to class. 4/ Jan 28, 2015 V.HladyMacDonald 5/ Feb 4, 2015 V.HladyMacDonald PCHL ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION CONTINUED: Ling Phonetic Level Evaluation and strategies for developing early speech and language skills. Organization of groups for case study assignment and distribution of case study profiles. GROUP CASE ASSIGNMENTS: IN CLASS SESSIONS TO WORK ON CASE STUDIES. Opportunity to organize the assignment, meet well defined goals and ask questions regarding the assignment and sources of information to support this project. 6/ Feb 11, 2015 SS INSERVICE DELIVERY BY AUDIOLOGISTS TO SLP’S: Hearing technology check, familiar sounds audiogram, Ling 6Sound listening check, how to read SPLograms. Feb 16 , 2015 READING BREAK - NO CLASS CSD 9634 Required readings to be completed prior to class Hyde et al (2004) Yoshinaga-Itano & Gravel (2001) Brown (2005) CWGCH (2005) Schow & Nerbonne (2002) Duchan (2005) SAC (2014) Eriks Brophy et al. (2006) Luterman (2004) Clark & English (2004) Yoshinaga-Itano (2004) Werker & Tees (2005) Blamey (2001) Flexer (1999) Killion & Mueller (2010) Eriks-Brophy (2004) Goldberg, & Flexer, (2001). Ling (1993) Robertson, & Flexer, (1993) AG Bell LSLS Academy Volta Review (2010) Gilkerson et al (2009) Suskind et al (2013) Weisleder & Fernald (2013) Crandall & Smalldino (2000) Bradley (2007) 5 7/ Feb 25, 2015 V.HladyMacDonald S. Stanton 8/ Mar 4, 2015 V.HladyMacDonald and Dr. K. Zimmerman TOTAL COMMUNICATION AND ASL Presenter: D. Parliament, Interpreter from Canadian Hearing Society. Assignment: Reflection on communication modalities and early counselling for families of children diagnosed with hearing loss. ANSD AND AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDERS Physiology and Assessment Physical/Developmental impact Intervention COCHLEAR IMPLANT SEMINAR: Introduction to Cochlear implant technology, criteria for candidacy and follow-up habilitation. COCHLEAR IMPLANT CASE STUDIES: Together with the audiology students: collaborate regarding challenging case studies which have required problem solving by the professional team and parents. CHS Position Paper (2010) Hlady-MacDonald & Zupan (2010 Northern (2008) ASHA (2005) Beck (2006) Katz (2007) Leigh, et al (2013) Dettman et al (2013) Ceh et al (2013) Coletti (2009). Compton, et al (2009) McConkey Robbins (2007) Fitzpatrick & Brewster (2010). Manufacturer literature: Advanced Bionics Cochlear Americas websites To be announced 9/ Mar 11, 2015 S. Stanton Interprofessional practice: Roles of assistive personnel, Audiologists, & Speech-Language Pathologists in the areas of hearing screening & assessment. 10/ Mar 18, 2015 S. Stanton GENETICS OF HEARING LOSS: overview, role of the genetics counselor, model programs, implications for scope of practice and case management. Alexiades, G. & Hoffman, R.A. (2008). Additional readings to be announced 11/ Mar 25, 2015 S. Stanton Assessment and intervention strategies for children with blindness & low vision. Guest lecture: Lindsay Hillier To be announced 12/ Apr 1, 2015 V.HladyMacDonald and S. Scollie CSD 9634 Class together with audiology students. COURSE REVIEW: Opportunities for discussion of course material, professional practice, preparation for certification examination and course examination 6 In-Class Group Assignments – 30% Section 1 (10%) Details: Reflection paper integrating readings on social-emotional impact of hearing loss with presentations by guest speakers. Due date: Jan 23, 2014 Section 2 (10%) Details: Reflection paper integrating readings on Total Communication/ASL and communication options guidance with presentation by guest speaker from Canadian Hearing Society. Due date: March 6, 2014. Section 3 (10%) Details: In class small group assignment – Cochlear Implants: challenging cases for collaborative SLP/Aud management. Due dates: at end of class March 6, 2014. Case Study Assignment – 40% As an active member of a pediatric multidisciplinary team, you are assigned a new “client” who has a hearing loss. Working together as a group, your task is to review the case history, decide on initial assessment information that you would like to use to develop a complete profile of the client’s communication and auditory skills, and develop an intervention plan which includes goals for communication development and assistive listening technology. Your plan should include testing that is appropriate to the age and cognitive ability of the client. Your plan should also take into account and describe how a specific medical diagnosis or condition and associated factors (eg. family dynamics, medications, physical, social, emotional considerations, etc.) may affect your intervention or progress of the client. The Case Study assignment is a collaborative project which will require you to work in partnership with one of your audiology classmates and another SLP classmate. The audiologists will assist you in understanding the hearing and technology profile of your case study, and can provide guidance regarding what to expect for management of the client’s hearing loss. From the SLP perspective, you will need to use information from this course combined with information you have learned in other courses in childhood language development and speech disorders. SLP Assignments are to be submitted as a pair/group. All group members will receive the same grade on the assignment. Assignments are to be submitted in 2 parts as follows: Part 1: A detailed description of the history and factors that are related to the cause of the current hearing loss. Outline the assessment tools that you would administer and indicate the relevance of the information/data to the management of the client’s hearing loss. Include information/data on communication skills, as well as auditory thresholds, and auditory discrimination tests (i.e.,: speech discrimination testing). Part 1 is due on March 4, 2015. Part 2: A long term (1 year period) treatment plan for the client, which includes communication development and use of technology/ management of the technology. Include information that will be important for caregivers, and describe the roles of the SLP and or audiologist in delivering services. Also include how information regarding progress or necessary changes in the treatment plan can be shared between the CSD 9634 7 professionals and the client’s caregivers. Part 2 is due on April 1, 2015. The audiology students have a different assignment to complete related to the same case study. Their assignments are detailed in their course syllabus, and are submitted to Dr. Scollie. Further details regarding the case study, groupings of students and the individual studies will be discussed in class. Final Exam – 30% Date: To be scheduled during CSD final exam period April 2014. Format – to be determined. CSD 9634 8 References/ Resources Readings listed below are available on the course OWL Sakai page, OR through the Western library system. Websites are also listed and can be accessed via the hyperlinks. Required readings (as listed in schedule above) are to be done before class, in order to facilitate discussions. Recommended additional readings are also included below and may be helpful for assignments. Introductory Class Brown, C. & Mackenzie, S. (2005) The role of the audiologist and family support worker in the Ontario Infant Hearing Program: A team approach. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, 29(3): 106-111. Canadian Working Group on Childhood Hearing, Early Hearing and Communication Development: Canadian Working Group on Childhood Hearing (CWGCH) Resource Document. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2005. Available at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ehdp/index-eng.php Duchan, J. F. (2005) The phonetically-based speech therapy methods of Alexander Graham Bell. Journal of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, 29 (2), 70-72. Heavner, K. (2008). Therapy Guidepost 2: Exploring Auditory-Verbal Therapy: History and Theory. http://www.hearingjourney.com/Listening_Room/Kids/Therapy_Guideposts/index.cfm?langid=1 Hyde, M., Friedberg, J., Price, D., Weber, S. (2004) Ontario Infant Hearing Program: Program overview, implications for physicians, Ontario Medical Review, 27-31. Pollack, D. (1993). Reflections of a pioneer. Volta Review, 95 (3), 197. Schow, R.L. and Nerbonne, M. A. Overview of Audiologic Rehabilitation. In Schow & Nerbonne (Eds). Introduction to Audiologic Rehabilitation, 2002. p. 3-28. Socio-emotional Impact of Hearing Loss Clark, J.G. and English, K.M. Emotional Responses to Hearing Loss. In Clark & English (Eds.) Counseling in Audiologic Practice, 2004, p. 23-39. Eriks-Brophy, A., Durieux Smith, A., Olds, J., Duquette, C. & Whittingham, J. (2006). Facilitators and Barriers to the Inclusion of Orally Educated Children and Youth with Hearing Loss. The Volta Review, 106(1), 53-88. Luterman, D. (2004). Counseling Families of Children with Hearing Loss and Special Needs. The Volta Review, 104 (4), 215-220. http://www.gaelhannan.com/ http://publish.uwo.ca/~jnisker/ CSD 9634 9 Developmental Impact of Hearing Loss Blamey, P.J., Sarant, J.Z., Paatsch, L.E., Barry, J.G., Bow, C.P., Wales, R.J.,Wright, M., Psarros, C., Rattigan,K., & Tooher, R. (2001). Relationships among speech perception, production, language, hearing loss, and age. Journal of Speech Language Hearing Research, 44: 264-285. Flexer, C. (1999) Facilitating Hearing and Listening in Young Children (2nd ed.). San Diego: Singular. (chapters 1 and 2). Killion, M.C., & Mueller, H.G. (2010). Twenty years later: A new count-the-dots method. The Hearing Journal, 63 (1), 10-17. Werker, J.F. & Tees, R.C. (2005). Speech perception as a window for understanding plasticity and commitment in language systems of the brain. Developmental Psychobiology, 46 (3) 233-251. Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2004). Levels of evidence: universal newbornhearing screening (UNHS) and early detection and intervention systems (EHDI). Journal of Communication Disorders, 37 (5): 451-465. Early Intervention Weisleder, A., & Fernald, A. (2013). Talking to children matters: Early language experience strengthens processing and builds vocabulary. Psychological Science. Retrieved from: http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/09/09/0956797613488145 Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (1997). The challenge of assessing language in children with hearing loss. Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools, 28: 362-373 Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Gravel, J. (2001). Evidence for universal newborn hearing screening, American Journal of Audiology, 10: 62-64. Auditory-Verbal Therapy AG Bell Academy For Listening and Spoken Language. The Principles of the LSLS Cert AVT ® and the LSLS Cert. AVEd ®. Cole, E. (1992). Listening and Talking: A Guide to Promoting Spoken Language in your Hearing-Impaired Children. Washington: AG Bell. Eriks-Brophy, A. (2004). Outcomes of auditory-verbal therapy: A review of the evidence and a call for action. The Volta Review, 104 (1), 21-35. Flexer, C. (1999) Facilitating Hearing and Listening in Young Children (2nd ed.). San Diego: Singular. (chapters 1 and 2). Goldberg, D. M. & Flexer, C. (2001). Auditory-Verbal Graduates: An updated outcome survey of clinical efficacy. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 12, 406-414. Ling, D. (1993). Auditory-Verbal options for children with hearing impairment: Helping to pioneer an applied science. The Volta Review, 95 (3), 187-196. CSD 9634 10 Robertson, L. & Flexer, C. (1993). Reading Development: A parent survey of children with hearing impairment who developed speech and language through the Auditory-Verbal method. The Volta Review, 95 (3), 251-261. Simser, J. (1993). Auditory-Verbal Intervention: Infants and toddlers. The Volta Review, 95 (3), 217-229. Physical Impact of Hearing Loss (Classroom Acoustics and Related Technology) Boothroyd, A. (2002). Room acoustics and speech perception. Seminars in Hearing. Bradley, J. (2007). Classroom acoustics to support student learning. Encyclopedia of Language and Literacy Development (pp. 1-7). London, ON: Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network. Retrieved Jan 1, 2009 from http://literacyencyclopedia.ca/pdfs/topic.php?topId=22 Crandell, C.C. and Smaldino, J.J. (2000). Classroom acoustics for children with normal hearing and with hearing impairment. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 31, 362-370. Razack, R. (2003). Managing noise in the classroom by building RAMPS. Sound Bytes, 10-11. Phonak FM website: http://www.phonak.com/ca/b2c/en/products/fm.html Acoustical Society of America. Classroom Acoustics: http://asa.aip.org/classroom/booklet.html Anderson, K.L., & Arnoldi, K.A. (2011). Building skills for success in the fast paced classroom: Optimizing achievement for students with hearing loss. Butte Pulbications, Hillsboro, OR. Total Communication and American Sign Language Hlady-MacDonald, V. & Zupan, B. (2010). Communication options for children with hearing loss. Exceptional Family, Fall, 12-14. The Canadian Hearing Society (2010). The Canadian Hearing Society position on access to language and language acquisition for children who are deaf and hard of hearing. http://www.chs.ca/en/documentsand-publications/chs-position-papers/4.html Auditory Neuropathy Northern, J. (Ed). (2008). Guidelines for identification and management of infants and young children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. NHS, Como, Italy. Auditory Processing Disorder American Speech, Language and Hearing Association. (2005). (Central) Auditory Processing Disorders. Available at http://www.asha.org/members/deskref-journals/deskref/default Beck , D. and Bellis, T. (2006). (Central) Auditory Processing Disorders: Overview and amplification issues. Audiological Research Documentation, Oticon. Katz, J. (2007). APD Evaluation to Therapy: The Buffalo Model. Audiology Online. Available at http://www.audiologyonline.com/Articles/article_detail.asp?article_id=1803 CSD 9634 11 Cochlear Implants Advanced Bionics: http://www.hearingjourney.com/Listening_Room/preview.cfm?langid=1 and http://www.advancedbionics.com/For_Professionals/Library/index.cfm?langid=1 Ceh, K.M., Bervinchak, D.M., & Francis, H.W. (2013). Early literacy gains in children with cochlear implants. Otology & Neurotology, 34: 416-421. Cochlear Americas: https://www.cochlearamericas.com/Support/291.asp Coletti, (2009). Long term follow up of infants fitted with cochlear implants. Acta-Otolayngologica, 129,361-366. Compton, M. V., Tucker, D.A. & Flynn, P.F. (2009). Preparation and perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologists working with children with cochlear implants. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 30 (3) 142-154. Dettman, S., Wall, E., Constantinescu, G., & Dowell, R. (2013). Communication outcomes for groups of children using cochlear implants enrolled in auditory-verbla, aural-oral, and bilingual-bicultural early intervention programs. Otology & Neurotology, 34: 451-459. Fitzpatrick, E. & Brewster, L. (2010). Adult cochlear implantation in Canada: Results of a survey. Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, 34 (4), 290-296. Leign, J., Dettman, S., Dowell, R., & Briggs, R. (2013). Communication development in children who receive a cochlear implant by 12 months of age. Otology & Neurotology, 34:443-450. McConkey Robbins, A. (2007). Clinical Management of Bilingual Families and Children with Cochlear Implants. Loud and Clear (available on Advanced Bionics Listening Room Website). Genetics and Case History: Alexiades, G. & Hoffman, R.A. (2008). Medical Evaluation and management of hearing loss in children. In Flexer and Madell, Pediatric Audiology: Diagnosis, Technology and Management. 1st Edition, New York, Thieme. Gilkerson, J., & Richards, J. (2009) The power of talk, 2nd edition. Impact of adult talk, conversational turns and tv during the critical 0-4 years of child development. LENA Foundation Technical ReportITR-01-2. Recommended Additional Readings Minimal, Unilateral and Fluctuating Hearing Loss Tharpe, A.M. (2008). Unilateral and mild bilateral hearing loss in children: Past and current perspectives. Trends in Amplification 12 (1), 7-15. Wake, M., Hughes, E.K., Poulakis, Z., Collins, C., & Rickards, F.W. (2004). Outcomes of children with mildprofound congenital hearing loss at 7 to 8 years: A population study. Ear and Hearing, 25, 1-8. CSD 9634 12 Hearing Accessibility and Hearing Conservation http://www.soundsense.ca/ http://www.audiologyonline.com http://www.audiologyonline.com/theHearingJournal/ http://chha.ca/chha/ http://www.thfc.ca/ Estabrooks, W. (2006). Auditory-Verbal Therapy and Practice. Washington: AG Bell. Estabrooks, W. (2001). 50 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Auditory-Verbal Therapy. Toronto: Learning to Listen Foundation. Nisker J. (Ed.) From the Other Side of the Fence: Stories from Health Care Professionals. Halifax. Pottersfield Press, 2008. Robertson, L. (2009). Literacy and Deafness Listening and Spoken Language. San Diego: Plural Publishing Inc. The information in this syllabus is accurate as of December 20, 2015. Minor additions/changes to readings may be made as new information becomes available. Students are advised that due to the unpredictable nature of weather/health of faculty and guest speakers, some of the session topics may need to change. Every effort will be made to cover the material in the syllabus. The instructor will use email and OWL Sakai to inform students regarding changes as soon as possible following a necessary change. VH-M CSD 9634 13