V I S H AY I N T E R T E C H N O L O G Y, I N C .
Resistive Products
Application Note AN0002
High-Precision Bulk Metal® Foil Resistors
for Military and Aerospace Applications
Introduction
More than four decades after its invention by physicist
Dr. Felix Zandman in 1962, Bulk Metal® Foil technology
still outperforms all other resistor technologies available
today for applications that require high precision, stability,
and reliability. Foil resistors are considered by many to be
the ideal resistor.
A typical foil resistor application is in a satellite that
requires stable positioning circuitry to function properly
while withstanding temperatures at both ends of the
spectrum. The only feasible solution for such extreme
applications is the use of a foil resistor with an exceptionally
low temperature coefficient of resistance and low total
error budget.
The combination of Bulk Metal ® Foil and ceramic
substrate results in a resistor element with characteristics
that are unavailable in other technologies. A variety of
resistor configurations and chip packages from 0805 and
larger are used to provide variations in power, size, and
other operating specifications to meet the needs of various
applications.
The worldwide market for military and aerospace
equipment is extremely demanding, and it is expected to
expand in the next few years. It is estimated that more
than 500 platforms will be launched into space in the near
future, with at least half of those providing commercial
telephone, satellite, TV, and data services.
Bulk Metal Foil technology allows to produce customeroriented products designed to satisfy challenging
and specific technical requirements. Our Application
Engineering Department is prepared to advise customers
and make recommendations for non-standard technical
requirements and special applications.
www.vishay.com
• “ZERO TCR”: ± 0.2 ppm/ºC with Z-Foil – Technology
BREAKTHROUGH
• TCR tracking: to 0.5 ppm/ºC
• Load-life stability:
- As low as 0.005% at 125 °C, 2000 hours for
molded leaded resistors
- As low as 0.005% at 70 °C, 2000 hours for SMT chips
• A broad resistance range: 2 mΩ to more than 3.3 MΩ
• Absolute tolerance: to ± 0.005%
• Match tolerance for resistor networks: to ± 0.005%
• Change of Z-Foil resistance due to power
∆R/R = 4 ppm/Watt (power coefficient)
• 4-terminal Kelvin connections
• Thermal resistance: to 6 °C/Watt
• Low current noise: - 40 dB
• Thermal EMF: 0.05 µV/°C
• Voltage coefficient: <0.1 ppm/V
• Non-inductive: <0.08 µH
• High speed and response time
Only Vishay’s Bulk Metal Foil (BMF) Technology provides
all these features in the same resistor.
Summary of our latest range of products:
• Power Current Sense Resistors
• Military Established Reliability Resistors
• Surface-Mount Chips, Molded Resistors and Networks
• Through-Hole (Leaded) Resistors and Networks
• Hermetically Sealed and Molded Networks
• Trimmers
• Voltage Dividers
• Hybrid Chips
For technical support, contact
Foilsupport1@vishay.com
VSE-AN0002-0506
A PPL I CAT I O N N OT E
Vishay Foil Resistors Division is a worldwide supplier
of precision military components with a long-term
commitment to military and aerospace customers. We
offer extended background experience, a broad range of
components, 43 years of company existence, and very strong
financial backing being part of Vishay Intertechnology a
2.5 B$ annual sales company.
Key features of Vishay Bulk Metal® Foil resistors include:
Application Note AN0002
Resistive Products
High-Precision Bulk Metal ® Foil Resistors
for Military and Aerospace Applications
Surface-Mount Resistors
Product
Type
Tested
Per MIL
Wraparound:
VSM Series
VSMP Series
(Z Foil)
Chips
Sizes:
0805, 1206,1506,
2010, 2512
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Remarks
Small size/weight
TCR – “Z-Foil”: ± 0.2 ppm/°C typical
Load-life stability:(70 ºC for 2000 hours) ± 0.005%
Power: 750mW at + 70 ºC
Resistance range: 10 Ω to 150 KΩ
Tolerance: ± 0.01%
Current noise: - 40 dB
55342
Power Current
Sense:
VCS2516Z;
VCS2516
Molded
Performance
• TCR: ± 0.2 ppm/°C typical
• Change of Z Foil resistance due to power
∆R/R = 2.5 ppm/0.1Watt
• Load-life stability: 0.05% at 70 °C, 2,000 hrs, 1 Watt
• Resistance range: 0.01 Ω to 2 Ω
• Absolute tolerance: down to ± 0.1%
• Heat rise: 2.5 °C/0.1 W
4-terminal
Kelvin
connections
4-terminal
Kelvin
connections
CSM 2512
CSM 3637
49465
•
•
•
•
Resistance range: 2 mΩ to 200 mΩ
TCR: 0 ± 15 ppm/ºC
Tolerance: ± 0.1%
Rated power: up to 3 W
SMR1D;
SMR3D
55182
•
•
•
•
•
Resistance range: 5 Ω to 80 KΩ
Shift after thermal shock: 0.005% typical
Load-life stability: 0.005% at 70 °C, 2,000 hrs, 0.1 Watt
Shelf life: 25 ppm
Moisture resistance: 0.01%
A PPL I CAT I O N N OT E
Surface-Mount Networks
Product
Type
Molded
Voltage Dividers
and Networks:
DSM
SMN
Hermetic
VSM40, 42,
45, 46
VSM85-89
(PRND)
www.vishay.com
2
Tested
Per MIL
Performance
Remarks
New products
for Space
914
•
•
•
•
•
•
Range of ohmic value ratio tolerance: 100 Ω to 20 KΩ
Integrated construction – real estate saving
Flexibility in use
TCR: ± 2 ppm/°C typical
TCR track: 1 ppm/°C
Ratio tolerance: 0.01%
83401
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TCR tracking: 0.5 ppm/°C
Ratio tolerance: 0.005%
Stability over 1000 hrs: 0.01% , ∆ Ratio = 0.005%
No set up charges
Real estate saving
Shelf-life stability: 2 ppm typical
Moisture resistance: ∆R = 0.003%, ∆ Ratio = 0.003%
For technical support, contact
Foilsupport1@vishay.com
Document Number: 49386
Revision 28-Jun-05
Application Note AN0002
Resistive Products
High-Precision Bulk Metal ® Foil Resistors
for Military and Aerospace Applications
Through-Hole Resistors
Product
Molded
Hermetic
Type
Tested
Per MIL
Performance
RNC90Y/Z
S102 IPT
(Improved
perform tests)
Z201 (Z-Foil)
55182
• Established reliability MIL qualified
• 0.005% after 2,000 hrs at + 125 °C
0.015% after 10,000 hrs at + 125 °C
• TCR: ± 0.2 ppm/°C typical
Power Current
Sensors:
VFP4Z
VCS332Z
39009
• TCR: ± 0.2 ppm/°C typical
• Change of Z Foil resistance due to power
∆R/R = 4 ppm/W
VHZ555
VH102Z
55182
•
•
•
•
Power Current
Sensors:
VPR247Z
VHP4Z
39009
•
•
•
•
Remarks
4-terminal
Kelvin
connections
Moisture resistance: 0.005%
Shelf-life stability: 2 ppm typical
TCR: ± 0.2 ppm/°C typical
Load-life stability: 0.005% at 80 °C, 2,000 hrs, 0.1 W
Shelf life: 2 ppm typical
Moisture resistance: 0.02%
TCR: ± 0.2 ppm/°C typical
Change of Z Foil resistance due to power
∆R/R = 4 ppm/Watt
• Rated power: 10 watts on heat sink
4-terminal
Kelvin
connections
Through-Hole Networks
Tested
Per MIL
Product
Type
Molded
Voltage Divider:
300144
300145
55182
•
•
•
•
Voltage Divider:
VHD144
55182
• Shelf-life ratio: 2 ppm
• Stability of ratio tolerance over 2,000 hrs:
0.001% at 60 °C, 0.1 W
• Ratio match: 0.005%
1442
1445
1446
1457
83401
•
•
•
•
•
•
Document Number: 49386
Revision 28-Jun-05
Remarks
Range of ohmic value ratio tolerances: 100 Ω to 20 KΩ
TC tracking: 0.5 ppm/°C
Ratio tolerance: 0.005%
Load-life stability: 0.05 W at + 25 ºC for 2000 hours
∆R = 0.002%, ∆ Ratio = 0.001%
Stability over 1,000 hrs: ∆R = 0.01%, ∆ Ratio = 0.005%
TCR tracking: 0.5 ppm/°C
Ratio tolerance: 0.005%
Flexibility in schematic design
Shelf-life stability: 2 ppm typical
Moisture resistance: ∆R = 0.003%, ∆ Ratio = 0.003%
For technical support, contact
Foilsupport1@vishay.com
www.vishay.com
3
A PPL I CAT I O N N OT E
Hermetic
Performance
Application Note AN0002
Resistive Products
WORLDWIDE SALES AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT
High-Precision Bulk Metal ® Foil Resistors
for Military and Aerospace Applications
VISHAY PRECISION RESISTORS
VISHAY ELECTRONIC GMBH
63 LINCOLN HIGHWAY
MALVERN, PA 19355-2143
UNITED STATES
PH: +1-610-407-4800
FAX: +1-610-640-9081
GEHEIMRAT-ROSENTHAL-STR. 100
95100 SELB
GERMANY
PH: +49-9287-71-0
FAX: +49-9287-70435
VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY
ASIA PTE LTD.
VISHAY S.A.
25 TAMPINES STREET 92
KEPPEL BUILDING #02-00
SINGAPORE 528877
PH: +65-6788-6668
FAX: +65-6788-0988
VISHAY JAPAN CO., LTD.
GE EDISON BUILDING, SHIBUYA 3F
3-5-16 SHIBUYA
SHIBUYA-KU
TOKYO 150-0002
JAPAN
PH: +81-3-5464-6411
FAX: +81-3-5464-6433
4, RUE DE SALONIQUE
95101 ARGENTEUIL
FRANCE
PH: +33-1-39-98-22-00
FAX: +33-1-39-98-22-05
VISHAY LTD.
PALLION INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
SUNDERLAND, SR4 6SU
GREAT BRITAIN
PH: +44-191-514-4155
FAX: +44-191-567-8262
One of the World’s Largest
Manufacturers
of Discrete Semiconductors and Passive Components
www.vishay.com
4
For technical support, contact
Foilsupport1@vishay.com
Document Number: 49386
Revision 28-Jun-05