Cleared for Public Release
11-S-1327
Future of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in
a Fiscally Constrained Environment
Mr. Dyke Weatherington
OUSD(AT&L)/PSA
Deputy Director, Unmanned Warfare
DoD UAS Funding
(RDT&E and Procurement)
FY2011
6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
19
9
19 7
9
19 8
9
20 9
0
20 0
0
20 1
0
20 2
0
20 3
0
20 4
0
20 5
0
20 6
0
20 7
0
20 8
0
20 9
1
20 0
1
20 1
1
20 2
1
20 3
1
20 4
1
20 5
16
Prior to 2005
PB05 $M
PB06 $M
PB07 $M
PB08 $M
PB09 $M
PB10 $M
PB11 $M
PB12 $M
+ FY 11 OCO $M
2
DoD UAS Flight Hours
(By Department, By Fiscal Year)
As of December 31, 2010
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
Flight Hours
600000
550000
500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
AIR FORCE
ARMY
NAVY & USMC
Est for FY11 Qtrs 2-4
Does not include Group 1 UAS
3
Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Mission Areas
ISR / Data Relay Platforms
Strike Capable
Increasing Performance, Payload, & Vehicle Size
Long
Endurance
Group 5
2011
Increasing Reach, C2, Autonomy, & Complexity
Air Force
MQ-9
Reaper
• > 1320 lbs
• > FL180
Persistent
Group 4
Air Force MQ-La/b
Air Force RQ-4 Global Hawk
Navy MQ-4 BAMS
Tactical
Group 3
Group 2
• 21-55 lbs
• < 3500 AGL
• < 250 kts
Micro/Mini
Tactical
Group 1
• 0-20 lbs
• < 1200 AGL
• < 100 kts
Air Force MQ-Lc
Navy UCAS-D
N
Air Force MQ-1 Predator
Small Tactical
Air Force MQ-X
Army MQ-1C Gray Eagle
Army
MQ-5
Hunter
• > 1320 lbs
• < FL180
• < 1320 lbs
• < FL180
• < 250 kts
2035+
Army / USMC / SOCOM
RQ-7 Shadow
Army / Navy / USMC Navy UCLASS
VTOL
Navy MQ-8
Navy MRMUAS
Fire Scout
SOCOM
EUAS
(VTOL)
SOCOM
EUAS
(FW)
Navy / USMC/
Air Force /
SOCOM
ScanEagle
Army / Navy
SOCOM
/ USMC/
Puma
SOCOM
RQ-11 Navy / Air
Force /
Raven
Army gMAV
SOCOM
Navy
T-Hawk
Wasp
Navy /USMC
RQ-21A
STUAS
Navy UCAS
FAA-XX
Black: Programs of Record
Red: Future concepts
Small Family
of Systems
Nano UAS
4
DoD Unmanned Aircraft Systems
General Groupings
Group 5
• > 1320 lbs
• > FL180
Depiction
Name
USAF/USN RQ-4A Global Hawk/BAMS-D Blk 10 9/3
20/6
USAF RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 20/30
5/2
USAF RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 40
54/61*
USAF MQ-9 Reaper
*MQ-1/MQ-9
same GCS
USAF MQ-1B Predator
USA MQ-1 Warrior/MQ-1C Gray Eagle
Group 4
• > 1320 lbs
• < FL180
USN UCAS- CVN Demo
USN MQ-8B Fire Scout VTUAV
SOCOM / DARPA / USA / USMC A160T
Hummingbird
USA MQ-5 Hunter
Group 3
• < 1320 lbs
• < FL180
• < 250 kts
Group 2
• 21-55 lbs
• < 3500 AGL
• < 250 kts
Group 1
• 0-20 lbs
• < 1200 AGL
• < 100 kts
(Vehicles/GCS)
USA / USMC/ SOCOM RQ-7 Shadow
USN/USMC STUAS
USN / SOCOM / USMC
RQ-21A ScanEagle
USA / USN / USMC / SOCOM RQ-11
Raven
USMC/ SOCOM Wasp
SOCOM SUAS AECV Puma
USA gMAV / USN T-Hawk
161/61*
26/24
2/0
9/7
8/3
(As of 1 SEPT 2010)
Capability/Mission
Command Level
ISR/MDA (USN)
ISR
ISR/BMC2
JFACC/AOC-Theater
JFACC/AOC-Theater
JFACC/AOC-Theater
ISR/RSTA/EW/PREC
STRIKE/FORCE PROT
JFACC/AOC- Supports
Corps, Div, Brig, SOF
ISR/RSTA/PREC STRIKE/
FORCE PROT
(MQ-1C Only-C3/LG)
Demonstration Only
ISR/RSTA/ASW/ASUW/
MIW/OMCM/ISR/EOD/
FORCE PROT
JFACC/AOC-Supports
Corps, Division &
Brigade
NA
Fleet/Ship
Corps, Division &
Brigade
25/16
ISR/RSTA/BDA
364/262
ISR/RSTA/BDA
Brigade Combat Team
Small Unit
0/0
ISR/RSTA/BDA
Small Unit/Ship
ISR/RSTA/FORCE PROT
Small Unit/Ship
ISR/RSTA
Small Unit
122/39
5346/3291
916/323
39/26
377/194
ISR/RSTA
ISR/RSTA
ISR/RSTA/EOD
5
DoD Acquisition Challenges
• Acquisition Efficiencies
& Affordability
• Interoperability
• Airspace Access
• Frequency Spectrum
• Cost Control
• Acquisition
Performance
• Technology Transition
• Sustainment Planning
Our program managers should be scrutinizing every element of program costs, assessing
whether each element can be reduced relative to the year before, challenging learning curves,
dissecting overheads and indirect costs, and targeting cost reduction with profit incentives - in
short, executing to what the program should cost.
Under Secretary of Defense (AT&L) Memo to Acquisition Professionals, Better Buying Power, Sept 2010
6
Meeting the Challenges
Unmanned System Roadmap
Autonomy
Interoperability
Affordability &
Manpower Reduction
Manned –
Unmanned
Teaming
Weaponization
Policy& Trust
Architecture
Migration
Service
Oriented Architecture
Sense & Autonomy
Adapt Interop.
Human
TTPs & System Scalable
CONOPs Interface Transparent
Cross
Simulation
A
Control
Domain Fidelity Standards
Extreme
Dynamic
Endurance
Ops
Optical
Fuel Cell
Comms
Propulsion
Sense &
Avoid
& Power
High Efficiency
Bandwidth
COA &
Efficiencies
Policy
Near
Medium
Far
Security & Spectrum
Deconfliction
Communications
Training
Airspace
Integration
7
Improved UAS Airspace Access
• UAS are integral to our National Defense and National
Security strategies and our crisis/disaster relief plans.
• National Airspace System (NAS) access is needed to support
growing UAS operational, training, and R&D requirements .
• Technical, procedural, regulatory, and policy solutions are
needed to deliver incremental capabilities leading to routine
access.
• Solutions developed for NAS access will become enablers for
increased international access.
8
UAS Airspace Access Activities
• Developed DoD Airspace Integration Plan
• Developing safety data sharing MOA and MOU between DoD
and FAA
• Participate in the multi-agency UAS ExCom activities.
– Developed the UAS NAS Access Plan
– Supported the UAS COA Working Group Phase 1 activity
• Developed and implemented process improvements
• Addressed 14 issues identified by Services
– Supporting UAS COA Working Group Phase 2 activities
• Policy and procedure changes to increase near term access
• Clarify FAA’s and DoD authorities
• Reduce COA request workload
9
COA WG Phase 2
Issue Summary Matrix
Issues
1
Multiple Unmanned/Manned Ops in Class D
2
COA expiration (12 months)
3
Small UAS Operations in Class G Airspace
4
Disaster Relief (one UA in a facility’s airspace)
5
Access to FIRs and Arctic Region Airspace
6
Risk Mitigations for Remote Area Operations
7
8
Define Incident/Accident
Class D notifications/transition to SUA
9
No ExCom Visibility on LOA/MOAs
10
Chase Aircraft Requirements
11
FAA Regulatory Authority in FIRs
* Validation will require considerable more time. Not covered in recommendation
** Validation will be required before sub-group activity
10
Interoperability
UAS Control Segment (UCS) Architecture
•
•
•
•
•
Interoperability
Software Reuse
Scalable
Distributable
Standard interfaces
OUSD/AT&L
ADM
Published
RISK REDUCTION
COST SAVINGS
• Break Apart GCS Architecture to Enable Small
Businesses to Compete
• Create a Joint Service Repository to Support
Software Reuse Across Systems
• Acquisition Flexibility
• Reduced System Development and
Maintenance Costs
IMPROVED WARFIGHTER CAPABILITY
• Successive Spirals Produce Common Components
• Developing a Framework and Method for Certification
and Test of Reusable Components
• Standard Interfaces
• Open, Scalable Architecture
Rapid Deployment of
Reliable Systems
• Cross-Service Interoperability
• Adoption of “Best of Breed” Solutions
• Rapid Integration and Fielding
Dr. Carter Acquisition Guidance - On September 14, 2010, Dr. Ashton Carter issued a guidance memorandum
on “Better Buying Power: Guidance for Obtaining Greater Efficiency and Productivity in Defense Spending.”
Dr. Carter guidance requires “open systems architectures and set rules for acquisition of technical data rights.”
An open architecture, like UCS, enables real competition between subsystem suppliers. By crisply defining modular
interfaces, it enables subsystem reuse across DoD systems.
11
Moving Stove-Pipe System to a Open Market
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities
that may be under the control of different ownership domains.
SOA provides: (1) A uniform means to offer interactions with various vendors (2) Cost savings in Total
Cost of Ownership (TOC) (3) Tool for Increasing Interoperability.
Pre-SOA
“Customized”
SOAEnabled
Common Control – Core Autonomy – Interoperable Data
“Agile”
12
UCS Accomplishments and Community Status
Public Website
http://www.ucsarchitecture.org
UCS
Migrate Plan for the PoR
Article on UCS Architecture Published in AUVSI Unmanned Daily News
• Distributed to Conference Attendees as They Enter the Colorado Convention Center
• Made Available at the AUVSI Oral Presentations and Dropped at Exhibitor Stands
• Unmanned Daily News Sent Via an E-newsletter to AUVSI's Full Distribution List
(Approximately 21,000)
• Available Via AUVSI.org and Flightglobal.com
Feb 2009
May 2009
Dec 2009
Jun 2010
Aug 2010
Oct 2010 Feb 2011
**Complete Phase I**
All UAS Standards
needed to migrate
the PoR to UCS
Architecture
April 2011
Aug 2011
pkg Blue Force SA Serv ice
«servicePoint» Blue Force SA
BlueForceSARequests
«service»
Blue Force SA Sv c
«requestPoint» Responses
BlueForceSARequests
BlueForceSAResponses
BlueForceSAResponses
pkg Blue Force
«Domain»
Blue Force
«servicePoint»
Blue Force SA
OUSD/AT&L
ADM
Published
UCS
Industry
Days
UCS Architecture
v0.5
Released
«requestPoint» Translate
BlueForceSARequests
BlueForceSARequests
BlueForceSAResponses
BlueForceSAResponses
UCS Arch
V1.0
Released
UCS Arch
V2.0
Kickoff
Consolidated
Demo with
IWP Service Army, Navy,
Dev
AF
Complete
UCS Arch
V2.0 to Be
Released
UCS Arch
V2.1 Final
Released
Cleared for Open 13
11-S-1201
Additional
Demo
Program of Record
(PoR) Migration Plans
BAMS
GH
Fire
Predator Scout
Army
ONE
2009 ADM resulted in the cooperation from
DoD Services and Industry partners.
Migration Plan
Army One
BAMS/ GH
TCS
Service Development
• Evolutionary Approach – Not Big Bang!
• Plans for Migration of Current and
In-Development Systems to the UCS
Architecture Are In-Progress for All Services
14
Take Away Message
• “Unmanned Aircraft Systems will
compete well in a fiscally constrained
environment if we pay attention to
controlling costs, development,
acquisition, and sustainment”
15