ENERGY WORKING FOR BRITAIN
Wylfa Newydd Project
Health Impact Assessment
Scoping Report
Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
Executive Summary
ES.1
Horizon Nuclear Power Wylfa Limited (Horizon) intends to submit an application for
a development consent order (DCO) for a proposed new nuclear power station at
Wylfa on Anglesey in North Wales ('Wylfa Newydd Project' or 'Project').
ES.2
Horizon has committed to undertake a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) for the
Wylfa Newydd Project, and has commissioned Ben Cave Associates to undertake
that work. Ultimately the HIA will form one of a number of documents that Horizon
will submit to accompany its application for a DCO.
ES.3
This document is the HIA Scoping Report. It establishes the matters that Horizon
considers are relevant for further assessment in the HIA and Horizon's approach to
undertaking the HIA. Horizon is seeking comments and feedback about this
proposed scoping report and in particular the assessment approach from key
stakeholders before the HIA is carried out.
ES.4
The HIA will assess the potential effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project on health,
wellbeing and inequalities, having regard to the characteristics of local communities
and the workforce during construction and operation. The HIA will propose
mitigation measures that Horizon may integrate into the Wylfa Newydd Project to
enhance positive impacts and mitigate negative effects.
ES.5
The indicative timescale for each phase of the Wylfa Newydd Project is summarised
in Table ES.1.
Table ES.1 Indicative Project Activity Sequence
Notes:



Graded shading represents indicative start and end dates.
The arrows are coloured and represent different stages in the project: blue refers to the Main Consultation Stage activities and purple refers to Associated
Development. Orange denotes full operation of the power station.
Conversion to Legacy Benefits refers to the point at which construction activity is sufficiently complete that Associated Development and the Wylfa Gateway Complex
can be converted to long term permanent use. This does not apply to the A5025 highway improvements as these will deliver benefit immediately.
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ES.6
The potential health issues which Horizon has identified for further consideration in
the HIA are set out in Table ES.2.
Table ES.2 Potential Health Issues To Be Considered Further In The HIA
Potential Health Issues
Construction
Opportunities to promote physical activity
Increase in risk-taking activity (including communicable diseases)
Change in community identity, social networks and culture
Change in housing demand and supply
Changes to local air quality (including dust emissions)
Changes in noise exposure
Change in employment, income and economic development
Change in demand for medical and healthcare services
Changes in transport, including type and volume of vehicles
Change in opportunities for education and training
Operation
Change in employment, income and economic development
Change in opportunities for education and training
Energy generation to meet demand and maintain affordability
Energy generation through low carbon technology
Understanding of radiological risks (including unplanned events)
ES.7
The study areas for each of these potential health issues are influenced by the
geographic extent of the potential health effect being assessed. The study areas will
be different for different types of effect and will range from those that occur near or
on the power station site to those that occur at an international level.
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ES.8
A Steering Group has been established to guide the HIA and to ensure that local
stakeholders have wider participation in, and a greater sense of ownership of, the
process. The Steering Group includes members representing the interests of local
communities and is chaired by the Executive Director of Public Health for Betsi
Cadwaladr University Health Board.
ES.9
This Wylfa Newydd Project HIA Scoping Report is being consulted upon with key
stakeholders at the same time as the first stage of formal pre-application
consultation (taking place between 29 September and 8 December) for the Wylfa
Newydd Project.
ES.10 This HIA Scoping Report is being circulated to key stakeholders. Recipients are
invited to submit their comments and details on how to provide feedback are set
out in Section 5 of this HIA Scoping Report.
ES.11 The indicative timescales for preparing the HIA are set out in Table ES.3.
Table ES.3 Indicative Timescales For Preparing The HIA
Activities relevant to the
HIA
Application stage
Timescale
Stage One pre-application
consultation
late 2014
Engagement on HIA Scoping
Report
Stage Two assessment
late 2014 / early 2015
Stakeholder Engagement and
Assessment
Stage Two documents
mid 2015
Preparation of Initial HIA Report
Stage Two pre-application
consultation
late 2015
Engagement on Initial HIA Report
Prepare application for
Development Consent Order
early / mid 2016
Preparation of Final HIA Report
Submit application for
Development Consent Order
early 2017
Final HIA Report is submitted
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1
Introduction
Overview
1.1
Horizon Nuclear Power Wylfa Limited (Horizon) intends to submit an application for
a development consent order (DCO) for a proposed new nuclear power station at
Wylfa, Anglesey (the 'Wylfa Newydd Project or ‘Project’).
1.2
The Wylfa Newydd Project Health Impact Assessment (HIA), commissioned by
Horizon will be prepared by an independent company, Ben Cave Associates, in
accordance with the National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power Generation (EN6) (1) and the Infrastructure Planning Commission’s Scoping Opinion1 (Scoping
Opinion).
1.3
This Wylfa Newydd HIA Scoping Report uses a number of technical terms which are
capitalised and are explained in the glossary provided in Appendix A.
Purpose Of The HIA Scoping Report
1.4
This HIA Scoping Report sets out the matters that have been identified as relevant
for consideration in this Wylfa Newydd Project HIA Scoping Report and provides
transparency about the proposed approach to undertaking the HIA. This HIA
Scoping Report is being circulated to key stakeholders. Recipients are invited to
submit their comments and information about how to provide feedback is set out in
Section 5 of this HIA Scoping Report.
1.5
The subsequent sections of this HIA Scoping Report provide an explanation of the
HIA process, the intended scope of the HIA and the next steps in undertaking the
HIA.
1
Under the Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009 Horizon submitted an
Environmental Scoping Report to the Infrastructure Planning Commission (IPC) (Now known as the Planning
Inspectorate) in November 2009. The IPC issued a formal Scoping Opinion on the information to be provided in an
environmental statement in April 2010.
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2
Project Overview
2.1
The project is to construct a new nuclear power station on a site that has been
identified in UK Government policy as potentially suitable for nuclear generation.
2.2
The proposed power station would include two nuclear reactors, each forming part
of a generating unit, with a combined electrical output of at least 2,700 megawatts.
This is enough low carbon electricity to satisfy the needs of around five million
homes.
2.3
The majority of the permanent power station buildings, plant and structures would
be situated within the Power Station Site, which is shown in Figure 2.1. The main
operational plant and structures of the power station, which are also indicated in
Figure 2.1, include:
2.4
2.5

Two UK advanced boiling water reactors (UK ABWRs) to be supplied by
Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd., and associated plant and structures
(forming two Nuclear Islands);

Steam turbines, electrical generators and associated structures (forming two
Conventional Islands);

Plant, systems and associated structures that serve both generating units,
including the cooling water system (Balance of Plant); and

Buildings and other structures that are necessary to support the
construction, operation and management of the power station (Ancillary
Structures).
Horizon will also develop a small number of emergency and other facilities that
would form part of the power station but be situated Off-Site.

An alternate emergency control centre providing back-up command and
communications facilities to manage any incidents remotely;

A survey laboratory to manage radiological surveys in the local area; and

A specialist vehicle store.
These facilities would form part of the operational power station. Sites have not yet
been identified, but would need to be outside any defined emergency zone around
the power station Site, as well as being in easy reach of key access routes.
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Figure 2.1 Indicative Distribution Of Project Components – Power Station Site
And Surroundings
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2.6
The Project would necessarily give rise to radioactive wastes. Specially designed
facilities would be constructed to store Spent Fuel and other types of radioactive
waste, as required. All necessary safety, environmental and security arrangements
for the power station would be put in place in accordance with the UK regulatory
regime.
2.7
Water for the cooling water system, which is used in the non-nuclear circuits to
condense steam, would be taken from and returned to the Irish Sea via intake and
outfall structures. A cooling water intake/pumphouse is proposed to be located at
Porth-y-pistyll. To protect the cooling water intake/pumphouse structures from
storm damage and to prevent air getting into the cooling water system, a
breakwater structure is planned to the north-west of Porth-y-pistyll, with a second
and smaller breakwater to the north-east. The cooling water outfall is proposed to
be constructed to the south-west of Wylfa Head.
2.8
In order to provide some visual and noise screening of the power station for
neighbouring communities, mounds would be formed and landscaped, helping to
create an appropriate setting for the power station. To achieve this, material
excavated during construction would be used and, as such, the appearance of the
land within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, which is the indicative area of
land that would be used for the construction and operation of the power station
(see Figure 2.2), would change as construction progresses, leading to the
completion of the final landscaped power station.
2.9
An appropriate landscape setting would be secured by a Landscape and Biodiversity
Masterplan. The Landscape and Biodiversity Masterplan would be developed to take
into account a number of factors such as environmental effects and mitigation
proposals, ecology and recreational and agricultural use, and the earthworks taking
place on the Wylfa Newydd Development Area.
2.10
A number of public footpaths, including the Wales Coast Path, would be affected by
the construction activities, necessitating the creation of diversions and some
closures. The existing Cemlyn Road, which is part of the Copper Trail cycle route,
would also need to be closed. Nanner Road provides an alternative access to
Cemlyn Bay from the A5025 and highway improvements would be undertaken to
enhance this route.
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Figure 2.2 Wylfa Newydd Development Area – Indicative Area
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2.11
Notes:

Graded shading represents indicative start and end dates.

The arrows are coloured and represent different stages in the project: blue refers to the Main Consultation Stage activities and
purple refers to Associated Development. Orange denotes full operation of the power station.

Conversion to Legacy Benefits refers to the point at which construction activity is sufficiently complete that Associated
Development and the Wylfa Gateway Complex can be converted to long term permanent use. This does not apply to the A5025
highway improvements as these will deliver benefit immediately
Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
In terms of construction activities, in the first instance there would be a need for
enabling works to prepare the Wylfa Newydd Development Area for the Main
Construction stage. The enabling works would include site clearance and site
levelling works. These enabling works are anticipated to last approximately five
years, with some activities overlapping with the main construction stage (refer to
Figure 2.3 for further information).
Figure 2.3 Indicative Project Activity Sequence
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2.12
The Main Construction Stage would include further levelling works and deep
excavations to form working platforms for the construction of the main foundations
of the power station. In addition, the power station construction requirements are
likely to include temporary fabrication and laydown areas, construction office and
welfare facilities, car parking, cranes and temporary storage. A marine off-loading
facility (MOLF), which would include two purpose built quays to allow delivery of
construction components and other materials by sea, would be constructed at
Porth-y-pistyll, taking advantage of the shelter that would be provided by the
proposed breakwaters. The Main Construction stage would last approximately nine
years.
2.13
The construction workforce for the Project would be around 4,000 for the majority
of the time and could reach 8,500 during peak periods. Once operational the power
station would employ up to 1,000 workers, with approximately 1,000 additional
workers during planned outages for maintenance. Job roles would range from
entry level positions, through supervisory and managerial positions to technical and
specialised jobs. Horizon intends to develop a local and regional operational
workforce through coordinated approaches to defining jobs and skills, linked to
supporting appropriate training opportunities.
Horizon also promotes the
development and use of local supply chains for the Project.
2.14
Horizon would need to develop facilities away from the Wylfa Newydd Development
Area, particularly for the proportion of construction workers who are not local.
These facilities largely comprise Associated Development such as Off-Site
Temporary Worker Accommodation and Park and Ride facilities.
2.15
In order to ensure that there is a route suitable for use by heavy goods vehicles
(HGVs), various highway improvement works, especially on the A5025 between
Valley and Wylfa, would be needed. In addition, Horizon would construct at least
one Logistics Centre to allow the delivery of freight to the Wylfa Newydd
Development Area to be appropriately controlled.
2.16
Utilities such as water and sewerage would be needed to support both construction
and operation of the power station and Horizon is working with statutory
undertakers to ensure appropriate utilities provision.
2.17
Horizon is keen to ensure appropriate community facilities would be developed as
part of the Project to cater for the construction workforce and to mitigate against
the loss of existing facilities (such as the existing Wylfa Visitor Centre and Wylfa
Sports and Social Club). Horizon is exploring measures for the provision of these
community facilities. These, as well as other parts of the Project (such as the road
improvements) would be designed to ensure a positive legacy benefit, particularly
for the communities of Anglesey and North Wales.
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2.18
It is expected that the Existing power station will be decommissioned during the
same time period as the construction of the power station at Wylfa. Therefore the
Wylfa Newydd Project HIA will have regard to the likely effects associated with the
decommissioning stage of the Existing power station, especially if the
decommissioning is likely to lead to a temporary increase in workers on the Existing
Power Station site.
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3
Health Impact Assessment
Overview
3.1
HIA provides a systematic framework for considering the potential health effects
associated with policies, plans or projects and consists of five stages (as set out at
paragraph 3.8). The first stage is 'screening' to identify whether an HIA is needed.
Once it has been decided that an HIA should be prepared for a project, the second
stage is to identify the appropriate focus of the HIA; this is referred to as setting the
scope and doing so is the purpose of this Wylfa Newydd Project HIA Scoping Report.
3.2
Setting the scope, and engaging on the intended scope through this Wylfa Newydd
Project HIA Scoping Report, seeks to ensure that the subsequent stages of the HIA
concentrate on those issues that are most important for the health and wellbeing of
people living, visiting and working on Anglesey, and where appropriate, in North
Wales.
Objectives Of HIA
3.3
The application of HIA can provide benefits to stakeholders, developers and decision
makers. The objectives of the HIA are to identify:

Potentially positive and negative significant health effects of the development
of the Project;

Opportunities for improving health and reducing health inequalities; and,

Mitigation opportunities.
3.4
The objective of this HIA Scoping Report is to identify the most important health
effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project for further assessment thus establishing the
terms of reference for the HIA.
3.5
The World Health Organization's (WHO) (the directing and coordinating authority for
health within the United Nations) definition of health has been adopted for the
purposes of the HIA. This is a comprehensive definition that considers a range of
aspects of health and social wellbeing including physical and mental health.
Health
Health Impact Assessment
... a state of complete physical, mental and
social wellbeing and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity (2).
... a combination of procedures, methods and
tools that systematically judges the potential,
and sometimes unintended, effects of a policy,
plan, programme or project on both the health
of a population and the distribution of those
effects within the population. HIA identifies appropriate actions to manage those effects (3).
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3.6
Figure 3.1 shows how human health is affected by factors ranging from individual
concerns such as age, sex and hereditary factors to those which cover increasingly
large populations, such as the local economy, built environment and the natural
environment. These are called determinants of health and wellbeing. These include
determinants that can improve and protect health as well as determinants that
might harm health.
Figure 3.1 Determinants Of Health And Wellbeing
Source: Based on the Whitehead
and Dahlgren diagram
(4) as amended by Barton and Grant (5)
3.7
Examining the ways in which the Project influences these determinants and the
likely effects on the health of communities and individuals is a key role of HIA. As
noted above these effects might be on physical health or on mental health. The
effects of the Project might be experienced differently by different population
groups: population groups can be identified by factors including (but not limited to)
age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, place of residence or by dint of preexisting health status. The HIA will look also at possible effects on, and ways to
reduce, health inequality and inequity which is defined as avoidable differences in
health (6;7).
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Methodology
3.8
3.9
The methodology for the HIA is based on guidance produced by Wales Health
Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU) Health Impact Assessment: A practical
guide (8). The methodology will incorporate aspects of the Mental Well-Being
Impact Assessment Toolkit so as to ensure that relevant mental health issues are
identified and addressed in the HIA process (9). The WHIASU guidance document
identifies five steps in undertaking HIA:

Step one: Screening – deciding whether to undertake a HIA;

Step two: Scoping – deciding the focus, methods and work plan;

Step three: Appraisal of Evidence – identifying the health impacts;

Step four: Reporting and Recommendations; and

Step five: Monitoring and Evaluation.
The HIA will reflect a number of key principles that are noted in the WHIASU
guidance including:

Open to stakeholders and a transparent process;

Democratic in supporting participation;

Robust in its methods and ethical use of evidence;

Equitable by seeking to reduce health inequalities; and

Sustainable in considering short and long term impacts.
3.10
The HIA examines the potential health and wellbeing (including mental wellbeing)
impacts that are expected to occur as a result of the Project. It will identify health
issues that should be the subject of management or monitoring should the Project
receive requisite approvals. With reference to monitoring and evaluating the
predicted changes in health (Step five in the WHIASU guidance) the HIA will identify
any areas where monitoring of predicted effects is required.
3.11
The HIA assessment process will use quantitative, qualitative and participatory
techniques to identify the potential effects on health, wellbeing and health inequities
– both beneficial and adverse – of the Project.
3.12
The HIA will examine peer-reviewed literature and other reports on the potential
health effects of large construction projects and of nuclear facilities. Particular
interest will be paid to the potential effects on island and coastal communities. This
will not involve conducting original research from primary data although the HIA
will draw upon the results from stakeholder engagement activities to understand
the potential effects of the Project.
3.13
In addition, the outputs from assessments prepared as part of other studies, notably
the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), will be used as inputs to the HIA (see
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paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31). Table 3.1 sets out the main activities that form the
methodology at each step of the HIA process.
Table 3.1 HIA Steps, Activities And Outputs
Step
HIA activities
HIA outputs
Screening
• Consider the potential effects on determinants
of health
• Identify population groups that may be
affected
• Record the decision
Record of Screening (see
Appendix A)
Scoping
•
•
•
•
HIA Scoping Report (this
document)
Appraisal of
Evidence
•
•
•
•
Review evidence on potential health effects
Profile the affected population
Stakeholder engagement
Undertake assessment to identify the
significant risks to health
• Identify measures to mitigate negative effects
• Identify measures to enhance positive effects
Incorporated into initial HIA
Report
Reporting
• Prepare documentation to communicate the
results of the assessment
initial HIA Report
final HIA Report
3.14
Describe the Project and timescales
Identify the most important health effects
Define the area of study
Provide an overview of future work
Paragraph 5.2 and Table 5.1 provides estimates of timescales for the outputs of the
HIA process.
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Governance
3.15
A Steering Group has been established to guide the Project HIA and to ensure that
local stakeholders have wider participation in, and a greater sense of ownership of,
the process. The Steering Group is chaired by the Executive Director of Public
Health for Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board. The Steering Group is
comprised of representatives from:

Public Health Wales;

Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board;

Welsh Government;

WHIASU;

IACC;

Anglesey Energy Island;

The Project Liaison Group; and

Horizon.
3.16
Natural Resources Wales, the Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental
Hazards (CRCE) (part of Public Health England),2 and the Office for Nuclear
Regulation are observers at the Steering Group meetings. The Chair of the Project
Liaison Group3 represents local community interests in the Steering Group.
3.17
The scope of the HIA for the Project has been informed by the views of the Steering
Group. In addition to issues discussed at meetings, a formal scoping exercise was
undertaken by a sub working group of the Steering Group with the following
objectives:
3.18
2
3

Ensure that where possible all the potential determinants of health had been
taken into account during the screening stage;

Provide a strong base for the scoping stage;

Identify the likely key issues for focus in the HIA; and

Identify possible mitigation and enhancement measures.
A record of the outputs of the exercise undertaken by the sub working group is
presented in Appendix B.
Specialist radiation protection information and advisory services are provided in Wales by Public Health England’s
Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE). Whilst Public Health Wales does not provide any
specific radiation protection services over those provided through the CRCE, it has responsibility to manage and
coordinate the public health response to radiation related issues, incidents and events.
The group formed by Horizon in 2010 to enable representatives of community groups and organisations to receive
updates from Horizon on plans for the Wylfa Newydd Project.
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4
Scope Of The Health Impact Assessment
Overview
4.1
This chapter sets out the purpose of HIA scoping and presents the potential health
issues for further consideration.
Purpose
4.2
Scoping is the second step in the HIA methodology. The objective of scoping is to
determine the appropriate subject focus of the HIA so the potential health and
wellbeing effects of the Project, and scope for mitigation, are identified (see Table
4.1).
4.3
This Wylfa Newydd Project HIA Scoping Report also provides signposting to other
studies that are being undertaken by Horizon on related issues, for example
detailed studies on the environment, socio-economic and cultural determinants of
health, to ensure that potential issues are being assessed and managed (see
paragraph 4.28 to 4.31).
Table 4.1 Items To Be Considered In Determining The Scope Of The HIA
HIA scope
Description
Description of the Project
The components of the Project
Project stages timescales
The timescales for each of the stages of the Project
Other studies
An overview of the other studies that have been commissioned, relevant
to the HIA
Potential health effects
Identification of the potential health effects that form the focus of the
HIA
Area of study
Description of the geographical area over which potential health effects
will be considered
The community and the
workforce
The population groups that are expected to experience resultant health
effects
Approach To HIA
4.4
The HIA will examine the potential impacts on health, wellbeing and health
inequalities from the Project, having regard to the characteristics of the local
population and workforce during construction and operation and taking into account
relevant guidance.
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4.5
The HIA will focus on the health impacts associated with the Main Construction and
Full Operation components of the Project as described above. The HIA will be
submitted as part of the application for a DCO.
4.6
Where applications for enabling works and Associated Development are brought
forward by Horizon (in advance of the application for a DCO) these will be subject to
a "Rapid HIA", which is described by WHIASU: “A Rapid HIA can take days or weeks
and usually includes the establishment of a small steering group and often uses the
approach of a participatory stakeholder workshop – it typically involves a brief
investigation of health impacts, including a short literature review of quantitative
and qualitative evidence and the gathering of knowledge and further evidence from
a number of local stakeholders.” [WHIASU]. This approach will enable specific and /
or local health issues relevant to the Enabling Works and Associated Development
to be taken into account by decision makers for the relevant applications. The
Project HIA will consider the health effects of all the components of the Project
together as a whole - including enabling works and Associated Development.
4.7
For decommissioning, the long timescales (i.e. approximately 70 years in the future)
and the uncertainties surrounding the nature of the proposals and the future profile
and health of the local population means that the decommissioning stage will only
be assessed in brief and qualitative terms in the HIA.
4.8
Where the health effects predicted in the HIA could be influenced by other planned
developments in the study area , it will be made clear where these have influenced
the assessment. The cumulative impacts of the decommissioning of the Existing
power station and the Project will be assessed as part of the HIA, further
information on cumulative effects is provided in paragraph 4.32 and Table 5.1.
Potential Health Effects
4.9
The objective of this HIA Scoping Report is to identify the most important health
effects for further assessment thus establishing the terms of reference for the HIA.
The complex nature of the Project, the all-encompassing definition of health, and
the interaction of factors that influence the health of communities means that there
is a wide range of potential health and wellbeing impacts associated with the
Project. The sections below describe how the scope of the assessment has been
determined to date.
4.10
To identify potential health effects, the HIA team has used guidance documents,
such as those developed by WHIASU (8) and the IACC HIA tool (10). The WHIASU
and IACC guidance documents enable a systematic consideration of how the Project
could affect each of the determinants of health.
4.11
Information from other relevant HIAs and studies (for example Hinkley Point C
Nuclear power station) has also helped to identify potentially relevant health effects.
4.12
The characteristics of the identified potential health effects are shown in Table 4.2.
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Table 4.2 Characterisation Of Potential Health Effects
Characteristic
Definition
Project stage
The stage of the Project where the health effect would occur (e.g.
Main Construction / Full Operation).
A description of the change that would result from the Project and
give rise to a health effect.
A measurable or observable change in health.
The health determinant (e.g. lifestyles, social and community factors,
living and environmental conditions, economic conditions, access and
quality of services, wider sustainability issues) which would be
associated with a change in health outcome.
The likely nature of the health effect (e.g. positive / negative /
uncertain).
The geographical distribution of the health effect (e.g. from local to
international). See Table 4.4.
The timescale over which the health effect would occur (e.g. from a
few months to irreversible changes).
The likely number of people that would experience the health effect.
The groups of the population that would experience the health effect
and whether any of those groups or communities are considered
vulnerable.
Whether mitigation measures to address the potential health issue
have been identified and adopted already or whether a regulatory
regime is in place to manage the potential health issue.
Potential health issue
Health effect (outcome)
Health determinant
Direction of change
Distribution
Duration
Number of people affected
Population groups
Mitigation / Regulation
4.13
For each of the potential health issues identified in Table 4.3, the HIA will examine
the health effects that are likely to result. These issues are expected to be of
importance to both physical and mental health. This will be based on reviews of
published literature and the views of stakeholders. Appendix B includes a summary
of the determinants of health that are not proposed to be included in the Project
HIA.
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Table 4.3 Potential Health Issues For Further Consideration In The HIA
Potential Health Issues
Health pathway /
determinant
Positive or
negative
Distribution of
Effects
Lifestyle
Lifestyle
Positive
Negative
Local
Local
Social and Community
factors
Living and
environmental
conditions
Living and
environmental
conditions
Living and
environmental
conditions
Economic conditions
Uncertain
Local
Uncertain
Local / Regional
Negative
Local / Regional
Negative
Site / Local
Positive
Regional
Access and quality of
services
Access and quality of
services
Access and quality of
services
Uncertain
Local / Regional
Negative
Local / Regional
Positive
Local / Regional
Economic conditions
Positive
Local / Regional
Access and quality of
services
Sustainability
Positive
Local / Regional
Positive
Sustainability
Positive
Sustainability
Uncertain
National /
International
National /
International
Site / Local /
Regional /
International
Main Construction
Opportunities to promote physical activity
Increase in risk-taking activity (including
communicable diseases)
Change in community identity, social
networks and culture
Change in housing demand and supply
Changes to local air quality (including dust)
Changes in noise exposure
Change in employment, income and
economic development
Change in demand for medical and
healthcare services
Changes in transport; type and volume of
vehicles
Increased opportunities for education and
training
Full Operation
Change in employment, income and
economic development
Changes in opportunities for education and
training
Energy generation to meet demand and
maintain affordability
Energy generation through low carbon
technology
Understanding of radiological risks
(including unplanned events)
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Area Of Study
4.14
The study areas for the Project HIA (the spatial scope) are influenced by the
geographic extent of the potential health effects being assessed. The study areas
will be different for different types of effect. For example, any effects related to
noise are likely to be experienced close to the source, whereas those related to
transport would be expected to be experienced over a much larger area.
4.15
Table 4.4 defines the geographic areas by which the effects identified in Table 4.3
might be distributed.
Table 4.4 Geographic Area Of Distribution Of Effect
Distribution
Geographic area
Site
At or in the vicinity of the Power Station Site
Local
Within or across Anglesey
Regional
North Wales4
National
Wales
International
Outside UK
The Community and the Workforce
4.16
An important part of the Wylfa Newydd Project HIA is to develop an understanding
of the people who will potentially going to be affected by the Project. The number of
people, their demography and their vulnerability are characteristics that influence
the scale and impact of potential health effects. The community and the workforce
are two of the population groups relevant to the Wylfa Newydd Project HIA.
Community
4.17
The Wylfa Newydd Project HIA will include information on the existing population,
referred to as a 'community profile'. This community profile will help to identify how
many people would be likely to experience changes in their health and to identify
vulnerable sections of the population. A short overview of the population and health
of Anglesey is set out below based on information from Public Health Wales (11).
4.18
The population of Anglesey is approximately 70,000. Population density is lower
than the average for Wales. A high proportion of the population speak Welsh (57%
compared to an average of 19% in Wales). Around 9.6% of the population are over
75 years of age. This is above the average for North Wales and also for Wales (9.3%
and 8.6% respectively). The highest proportion of older people is resident in the east
of Anglesey.
4
North Wales is the County Council Areas of Anglesey, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd and Wrexham.
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4.19
A number of indicators provide an overview of the health of the community. For life
expectancy at birth, rates for both males and females on Anglesey are above the
average for Wales. Mortality rates5 in Anglesey are the lowest in North Wales and
are significantly lower than the national average. Morbidity status (ill health) can be
measured by statistics on limiting long term illness (which includes problems due to
old age); the Anglesey rate of 27% is the same as rates for Wales as a whole.
4.20
Measures of deprivation can provide indicators of relative inequalities in health
across geographical areas (see Figure 4.1). The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation
records that deprivation levels on Anglesey are approximately the same as those of
North Wales.6
4.21
The potential health effects set out in Table 4.2 will be distributed across different
geographical areas. The potential health effects will also be distributed across the
population in different ways; some effects will be felt by the whole population, or
subsections of the population, such as younger people or people with existing health
conditions. The HIA will identify the population groups likely to experience predicted
changes in health and whether there are any groups that would be more
susceptible or vulnerable to changes.
Figure 4.1 Overall Welsh Index Of Multiple Deprivation 2011
Source: Welsh Government, 2011, adapted Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, March 2013
5
6
All causes of death under 75 per 100,000 of the population.
Measured as the number of Lower Super Output Areas in the most deprived fifth in Wales.
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Workforce
4.22
As well as understanding the communities in North Wales, it is also important to try
to understand, as far as possible, the characteristics of the workforce that would be
employed in construction and operation of the Project. These people would also be
likely to experience some of the predicted changes in health effects identified in
Table 4.2.
4.23
The construction workforce for the Wylfa Newydd Project would be around 4,000
for the majority of the time and could reach 8,500 during peak periods. Horizon
expects that a significant part of its workforce would be drawn from the population
of Anglesey and North-West Wales, with the remainder coming from the wider
labour market, particularly where specialist skills are required that are not available
in the region.
4.24
Once operational, the power station would employ up to 1,000 workers, with
approximately 1,000 additional workers required during planned outages for
maintenance. Job roles would range from entry level opportunities, through
supervisory and managerial positions to technical and specialised jobs associated
with the operation of the power station. It is expected that Horizon apprentices and
other trainees would also be a part of the power station workforce.
4.25
The Project will also create a substantial number of jobs as part of the delivery of
the Associated Development required to support the construction of the power
station. These cannot yet be quantified as proposals are not yet finalised; however,
the A5025 highway improvements, Park and Ride facilities, Logistics Centre and
Temporary Worker Accommodation would each form sizeable developments in their
own right. Once operational, the Park and Ride facilities, Logistics Centre and
Temporary Worker Accommodation facilities would each generate further job
opportunities, for example in facilities management, cleaning and transport roles.
4.26
Horizon is working to maximise the opportunities for the local labour force to
benefit from new jobs. The HIA will identify measures that help local people,
including the long-term unemployed, to access employment opportunities.
4.27
The operational workforce will be exposed to potential health effects that will differ
from those that the construction workforce will be exposed to. Occupational health
risks are managed by health and safety agencies and include the additional
requirements specific to the nuclear industry.
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Other Studies
4.28
A number of other studies commissioned by Horizon for the Project and relevant to
the HIA are the:

EIA;

Welsh Language Impact Assessment (LIA); and

Sustainability Assessment (SA).
4.29
The EIA for the Project will include assessments of relevance to the HIA including:
air quality, noise and vibration, traffic and transport, socio-economic impacts
(including on employment, the local economy, housing and education), landscape
and visual amenity, and public access and recreation. The LIA assesses the likely
impact of the Project on the Welsh language against five key aspects of community
life: population; quality of life; the economy; infrastructure (e.g. healthcare) and the
social and cultural life of the community. Relevant issues from the Sustainability
Assessment will inform the HIA.
4.30
The HIA will incorporate relevant information from these other assessments - such
as information relating to issues which are determinants of health - as relevant.
4.31
In addition to making an application for a DCO, Horizon must apply for a number of
other consents, licences and permits which are required for the construction and
operation of the power station. These include:

A nuclear site licence from the Office of Nuclear Regulation, under the
Nuclear Installations Act 1965;

Environmental permits from NRW under the Environmental Permitting
(England and Wales) Regulations 2010, covering water discharges,
combustion activities and the management of radioactive waste and both
non-radioactive and radioactive emissions to the sea and to the atmosphere;

Approval under Article 37 of the 1957 European Atomic Energy Community
(EURATOM) Treaty; and

An approved site security plan, under the Nuclear Industries Security
Regulations 2003.
Cumulative Effects
4.32
Other projects or developments are likely to occur within the same geographical
area at the same time as the Project. The Project HIA will therefore consider the
cumulative impacts of other major development and Wylfa Newyd Project enabling
works and associated development. Current identified cumulative projects are listed
in Table 4.5 below.
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Table 4.5 Development Projects To Be Taken Into Account In Relation
To Cumulative Effects
List of Other Development Projects
 Magnox Electric Plc – Decommissioning consent for decommissioning of the Existing
power station at Wylfa.
 Lateral Power Ltd – Planning application granted for a biomass fuelled power station
(299MW) and eco park at Penrhos works, Holyhead, Anglesey.
 Eco Pellets Ltd – Planning application granted for a biomass combined heat and power
plant 30MW at Bryn Cefni Industrial Estate, Llangefni, Anglesey.
 Sea Generation (Wales) Ltd planning application granted to construct and operate a
10MW rated capacity demonstration array of tidal stream turbines – situated 850m off
the north coast of Anglesey in a tidal array known as “The Skerries”.
 Amlwch LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Plant, Great Lakes, Amlwch, Anglesey,
planning application submitted to renew a planning consent that was granted in 2008
but never implemented.
 Land and Lakes (Anglesey) Ltd – hybrid planning application submitted to develop: a
leisure village at Penrhos Coastal Park; a leisure village at Cae Glas, Parc Cybi; and a
residential development of up to 320 new houses at Kingsland (used initially to provide
accommodation for construction workers).
 National Grid anticipates a need to connect new energy generation to the electricity
network in North Wales. Potential new generation includes the proposed power station
at Wylfa as well as a number of renewable energy projects.
 TPG Wind Ltd – Planning application to repower Rhyd-y-Groes wind farm.
 Conygar Stenaline Ltd – Holyhead Waterfront Redevelopment – planning permission
secured for a comprehensive mixed use development on 1.2km of Holyhead
waterfront at Newry Beach and Porth y Felin.
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5
The Next Steps
Overview
5.1
This chapter describes the next steps for the HIA. This includes timescales for
preparing HIA documentation and how information, data and evidence – including
the views of stakeholders – will inform the HIA.
The Pre-Application Consultation Process
5.2
This Wylfa Newydd Project HIA Scoping Report is being consulted upon with key
stakeholders at the same time as the first stage of formal pre-application
consultation (taking place between 29 September and 8 December) for the Wylfa
Newydd Project. Following consultation with key stakeholders, Horizon will be
reviewing all the feedback received and using it where possible to shape the
methodology for the Wylfa Newydd Project HIA. Horizon currently envisages
undertaking a second stage of consultation on its Project proposals towards the end
of 2015. The Stage Two pre-application consultation will provide more detailed
proposals, which will reflect feedback from the Stage One pre-application
consultation and any further consultation and engagement undertaken. The second
stage of formal pre-application consultation Horizon will also contain an update on
the progress of the Wylfa Newydd Project HIA. The final Wylfa Newydd Project LIA
will be submitted with the application for Development Consent Order.
Table 5.1 Indicative Timescales For Preparing The HIA
HIA Step
Timescale
HIA Activities
Stage One pre-application
consultation
Appraisal of Evidence
late 2014
Engagement with statutory and non-statutory
consultees on Wylfa Newydd HIA Scoping Report
Stakeholder Engagement and Assessment
Reporting to inform Stage Two
pre-application consultation
Stage Two pre-application
consultation
Reporting to inform application for
a Development Consent Order
Submit application for a
Development Consent Order
late 2014 /
early 2015
mid 2015
Preparation of initial HIA Report
late 2015
Engagement on initial HIA Report
early / mid
2016
early 2017
Preparation of final HIA Report
final HIA Report is submitted with the application for
a Development Consent Order
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Collecting Information For The HIA
5.3
5.4
The assessment of potential health effects will be based upon the best available
evidence at the time the documents are prepared. The HIA team will seek three
types of evidence, namely:

Data about the health of the local population: these will be reports specific to
Anglesey and to North Wales;

Published literature on health effects: this will mainly be peer-reviewed
literature; and

The views of local people: these are important to place the academic studies
in context and to anchor the assessment to the Project.
The types of evidence are considered briefly below. The HIA team has started to
discuss potential sources of data and published literature with the Betsi Cadwaladr
University Health Board.
Data On Health Of The Local Population
5.5
Public Health Wales has prepared a profile of health in North Wales (11). This will
provide invaluable information regarding the health and wellbeing of the local
population. This profile adheres to the same model of health that is used in the HIA.
The HIA team will work with the Steering Group and with Betsi Cadwaladr
University Health Board to identify any reports that have been issued recently.
5.6
The HIA team will work with Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board to identify
any research that has been conducted with people on Anglesey about risk
perception and attitudes towards both the Existing power station, and the Project.
Published Literature On Health Effects
5.7
The HIA team will examine peer-reviewed literature for the issues identified in
Table 4.3. The evidence linking each of these changes in determinants of health,
wellbeing and inequalities in health will be presented in a succinct summary.
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5.8
The HIA will also consider potential health effects arising from the construction and
operation of nuclear reactors. The Project will be required to comply, and to
demonstrate its compliance, with regulations and safeguards (see paragraph 4.31):
thus, the risk posed by ionising radiation7 will be examined in a separate radiological
assessment; the risks posed by unplanned releases of radioactivity will be assessed
in the Nuclear Safety Case and Article 37 assessments.
5.9
8
The HIA will provide a commentary on these technical analyses. It will seek to
identify the potential health effects of the ways in which risk is understood by people
living and working within the study area (see paragraphs 4.16 to 4.27). While public
understanding of risk takes account of the technical analysis described above it is
also based on a wider range of issues (general examples of which are shown in
Figure 5.1). The HIA will seek to consider these issues. This will involve dialogue and
stakeholder engagement as well as review of recent studies on this topic from the
UK and US (11, 12, 13).
Figure 5.1 Risk And Public Understanding
The list below gives ‘fright factors’ associated with an intervention or a scenario.
They are numbered for ease of reference and do not imply any order of importance.
Risks are generally more worrying (and less acceptable) if they are understood:
i. to be involuntary (e.g. exposure to pollution) rather than voluntary (e.g.
dangerous sports or smoking);
ii. as inequitably distributed (some benefit while others suffer the consequences);
iii. as inescapable by taking personal precautions;
iv. to arise from an unfamiliar or novel source;
v. to result from man-made, rather than natural sources;
vi. to cause hidden and irreversible damage, e.g. through onset of illness many
years after exposure;
vii. to pose some particular danger to small children or pregnant women or more
generally to future generations;
viii. to threaten a form of death (or illness/injury) arousing particular dread;
ix. to damage identifiable rather than anonymous victims;
x. to be poorly understood by science; and
xi. as subject to contradictory statements from responsible sources (or, even worse,
from the same source).
From Department of Health (12, p5)
7
8
Ionising radiation is radiation with enough energy so that during an interaction with an atom, it can remove tightly
bound electrons from the orbit of an atom, causing the atom to become charged or ionised. Ionising radiations occurs
as either electromagnetic rays (such as X-rays and gamma rays) or particles (such as alpha and beta particles). It
occurs naturally (e.g. from the radioactive decay of natural radioactive substances such as radon gas and its decay
products) but can also be produced artificially.
Appendix C presents a preliminary summary of published literature on radiation in the environment.
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The Views Of Local People And Organisations
5.10
In addition to using academic evidence and scientific reports, the HIA team will
discuss the potential effects on health arising from the Project with organisations
and members of the public. The HIA team will capture the views of local
stakeholders through a range of activities:

Participation in, and representation on, the Steering Group (see paragraph
3.15 for organisations represented);

Responses submitted by consultees and stakeholders during the Stage One
pre-application consultation,

A number of interviews to be conducted by the HIA team with
representatives of specific public bodies and organisations relevant to the
scope of the HIA;

Attendance of HIA team at exhibitions and meetings as part of Horizon’s
Stage One pre-application consultation on the Project; and

Workshops facilitated by the HIA team inviting local people to give their views
on the potential health effects of the Project.
How To Provide Feedback On The HIA Scoping
Report
5.11
This Wylfa Newydd Project HIA Scoping Report presents the approach to the Wylfa
Newydd Project HIA and the scope of the assessment of the likely health effects
associated with the Project. As part of the scoping process all of the statutory bodies
and key stakeholders originally consulted by the Infrastructure Planning
Commission as part of the EIA scoping process will receive a copy of this document
to obtain their comments on the content of this Wylfa Newydd Project HIA Scoping
Report.
5.12
Feedback on the Wylfa Newydd HIA Scoping Report should be marked “WYLFA
NEWYDD PROJECT HIA SCOPING REPORT FEEDBACK” and for the attention of
“HORIZON’S EIA MANAGER”:

Via email at wylfaenquiries@horizonnuclearpower.com and
ymholiadauwylfa@horizonnuclearpower.com

In writing to the freepost address FREEPOST HORIZON NUCLEAR POWER
CONSULTATION.
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References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Department of Energy and Climate Change. National Policy Statement for Nuclear
Power Generation (EN-6). 2011 The Stationery Office. London. Available at
http://bit.ly/SjDgv8
World Health Organization. Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health
Organization; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States and
entered into force on 7 April 1948. Official Records of the World Health Organization,
no. 2, p.100. 1948 New York. Available at http://bit.ly/1cgnJ3S
Quigley, R. et al. Health Impact Assessment. International best practice principles.
Special publication series No. 5. 2006 International Association for Impact
Assessment. Available at http://bit.ly/X2iOxM
Dahlgren, G. and Whitehead, M. Policies and strategies to promote social equity in
health. 1991. Stockholm, Institute for Future Studies.
Barton H, Grant M. A health map for the local human habitat. The Journal of the
Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 2006;126(6):252-3.
Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation.
Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. 2008 World Health
Organization. Available at http://bit.ly/WGOh97
Marmot, M. et al. Fair society, healthy lives. Strategic review of health inequalities in
England post 2010 (Marmot Review). 2010. Available at http://bit.ly/1iK9VjN
WHIASU. Health Impact Assessment: a practical guide. 2012 Ed. Chadderton, C.,
Elliott, E., Green, L., Lester, J., and Williams, G. Wales Health Impact Assessment
Support Unit. Cardiff, Wales. Available at http://bit.ly/WH8g9F
Cooke, A. et al. Mental well-being impact assessment: a toolkit for well-being. 2011
Members of the National MWIA Collaborative (England). Available at
http://bit.ly/1k7DLTR
Isle of Anglesey. Isle of Anglesey Health Impact Assessment Tool. 2010. Available at
http://bit.ly/LSB0kb
Jones, C., Atenstaedt, Rob, and et al. Profile of North Wales. Working draft. 2013
Public Health Wales. Available at http://bit.ly/1oR4fd3
Department of Health. Communicating about risks to public health: pointers to good
practice. 1997 Ed. Bennett, P. London, England. Available at http://bit.ly/TZNqT1
Statutory Instrument 2009 No. 2264 The Infrastructure Planning (Applications:
Prescribed Forms and Procedure) Regulations 2009. 2009. Available at
http://bit.ly/1nKdWKy
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Appendix A
Glossary
Acronym
Full Title
Description
-
Project or Wylfa Newydd Project
Associated Development
-
Betsi Cadwaladr University
Health Board
COMARE
Committee on Medical Aspects of
Radiation in the Environment
The Power Station and Associated Development.
Development to support delivery of the Power Station,
for example highway improvements along the A5025,
Park and Ride facilities for construction workers, at least
one Logistics Centre and Off-Site Temporary Worker
Accommodation.
The entity which provides a full range of primary,
community, mental health and acute hospital services for
a population of around 676,000 people across the six
counties of North Wales (Anglesey, Gwynedd, Conwy,
Denbighshire, Flintshire and Wrexham) as well as some
parts of mid Wales, Cheshire and Shropshire.
An independent expert advisory committee with
members chosen for their medical and scientific expertise
and recruited from Universities, Research and Medical
Institutes.
-
Cooling Water System
The once-through water cooling system that removes
the proportion of heat energy produced by the nuclear
reactors, which cannot be converted to electricity, and for
this Project includes the intakes, pumphouses, seal pits
and outfall structures as well as connecting pipelines and
tunnels, for each unit.
-
Copper Trail
-
Conventional Island
DCO
Development Consent Order
EIA
Environmental Impact
Assessment
-
Enabling works
-
Existing Power Station
The northern section of national route 566. forming part
of the sustrans national cycle network.
The steam turbine, electrical generator and associated
structures, which form part of the Power Station.
The consent for a Nationally Significant Infrastructure
Project required under the Planning Act 2008.
The process in which the likely significant effects of a
development on the environment are identified and
assessed.
The works required to clear and excavate the
construction sites of existing services, utilities and other
features and structures, in order to allow the Main
Construction stage works to commence. This work would
also include the installation of any new services or
utilities required to support the Main Construction works.
The existing Magnox nuclear power station at Wylfa.
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Acronym
Full Title
Description
HIA
Green Audit
Health Impact Assessment
HPA
Health Protection Agency
IACC
Isle of Anglesey County Council
Environmental consultancy and research organisation.
A combination of procedures, methods and tools that
systematically judges the potential, and sometimes
unintended, effects of a policy, plan, programme or
project on both the health of a population and the
distribution of those effects within the population, and
which identifies appropriate actions to manage those
effects.
The Health Protection Agency’s role was to provide an
integrated approach to protecting UK public healh
through the provision of support and advice to the NHS,
local authorities, emergency services, other Arms Length
Bodies, the Department of Health and the others. The
HPA became part of Public Health England in 2013.
Specialist radiation protection information and advisory
services are provided in Wales by Public Health England’s
Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental
Hazards (CRCE). Whilst Public Health Wales does not
provide any specific radiation protection services over
those provided through the CRCE, it has responsibility to
manage and coordinate the public health response to
radiation related issues, incidents and events.
The local authority governing the area within which the
Power Station is intended to be constructed. IACC has a
number of functions including as Local Planning
Authority.
-
Landscape and Biodiversity
Masterplan
A fully coordinated environmental landscape design
covering the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, including
the formation of mounds, habitat and woodland creation,
targeted biodiversity mitigation and enhancement
measures, temporary and permanent public footpath
diversions, management of watercourses and surface
water drainage and other relevant environmental
considerations.
-
Logistics Centre
MOLF
Marine Off-Loading Facility
-
National Policy Statement
An Off-Site facility at which deliveries can be consolidated
into fewer loads and the timing of traffic movements to
the Wylfa Newydd Development Area can be controlled
during both the Enabling Works and Main Construction
stages.
A facility comprising two purpose built quays to allow
delivery of freight such as AILs and construction
materials by sea.
Statements prepared and designated by the Secretary of
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Acronym
Full Title
-
Natural Resources Wales
NPS EN-1
EN-1 Overaching National Policy
Statement for Energy
NPS EN-6
EN-6 National Policy Statement
for Nuclear Power Generation
NSIP
Nationally Significant
Infrastructure Project
-
Office for Nuclear Regulation
-
Planning Inspectorate
-
Power Station
-
Public Health Wales
Description
State under the Planning Act 2008 which establish
national policy for Nationally Significant Infrastructure
Projects, including energy, transport and water, waste
water and waste and against which applications for
development consent orders are assessed.
The public body whose stated purpose is to ensure that
the natural resources of Wales are sustainably
maintained, enhanced and used, now and in the future. It
absorbed the regulatory and advisory duties of the
Environment Agency, Countryside Council for Wales and
the Forestry Commission in Wales. It is the regulatory
authority in Wales for a wide range of environmental
legislation including environmental permitting (under the
Environmental Permitting (England and Wales)
Regulations 2010 and as a statutory consultee for
development consent orders.
The National Policy Statement designated by the DECC
Secretary of State in July 2011, which sets out national
policy for major energy infrastructure projects.
The National Policy Statement designated by the DECC
Secretary of State in July 2011, which sets out national
policy on new nuclear power stations and against which
an application for a development consent order for a
nuclear power station is assessed,
A Type of project listed in the Planning Act 2008, and
which must be consented by a development consent
order. The construction of a generating station is an
Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project.
The public corporation, which is responsible for (among
other things) the regulation of nuclear safety, nuclear
security, safeguards at nuclear licensed sites in the UK.
The body which accepts and examines applications for
development consent orders and makes
recommendations to the Secretary of State in support of
determining whether to grant consent.
The proposed new nuclear power station, including two
UK ABWRs, associated plant and ancillary structures and
features, to be constructed and operated at Wylfa,
Anglesey.
Public Health Wales is an NHS organisation providing
professionally independent publica health advice to
protect and improve the health and wellbeing of the
proportion of Wales.
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Acronym
Full Title
Description
-
Nuclear Island
PLG
Wylfa New Build Project Liaison
Group
-
Power Station Site
UK ABWR
Spent Fuel
UK Advanced Boiling Water
Reactor
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and
Surveillance Unit
Each nuclear reactor and its associated plant and
structures, which form part of the Power Station.
The group formed by Horizon in 2010 to enable
representatives of community groups and organisations
to receive updates from Horizon on plans for the Wylfa
Newydd Project.
The indicative area of land and sea within which the
majority of the permanent Power Station buildings, plant
and structures would be situated.
Fuel that has been used in a nuclear reactor.
The reactor to be supplied by Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy,
Ltd. as part of the Power Station.
The National Cancer Registry for Wales and its primary
role is to record, store and report on all incidence of
cancer for the resident population of Wales wherever
they are treated.
An 870 mile network of public footpaths and other routes
around the coastline of Wales, which incorporates the Isle
of Anglesey Coastal Footpath.
Part of Public Health Wales and supports the
development and use of HIA in Wales, providing
information, advice, research and access to evidence.
-
-
Wales Coast Path
WHIASU
Wales Health Impact Assessment
Support Unit
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Appendix B
IACC HIA Tool
B.1
B.2
This appendix contains:

Table B.1: Summary of application of the IACC HIA Tool

Table B.2: Possible mitigation measures identified through HIA scoping
process

Table B.3: Issues that are being assessed in other studies

Table B.4: Summary of scoping of determinants of health for further focus in
the HIA
Table B.1 summarises the application of the IACC HIA Tool (‘the tool’) which was
used by a sub group of the Wylfa HIA Steering Group (in a session on the 17th
August 2011). The tool was applied to:

ensure that all the potential determinants of health had been taken into
account during the screening stage;

provide a strong base for the scoping stage

identify the likely key issues for focus in the HIA ; and

identify possible mitigation measures.
Table B.1 Summary Of Application Of The IACC HIA Tool
Title of programme, policy or project including key aims and objectives:
Proposed new nuclear power station at Wylfa, Anglesey, North Wales
What contribution does the activity make to: Key: ++ (significant positive), +
(moderate positive), Neutral (no clear effect), - (moderate negative), -(significant negative), N/A (not applicable)
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1. Vulnerable
Groups?
++
Age related, income
related, who may
suffer discrimination
or other social
disadvantage,
geographical areas
2. Individual
lifestyles?
Family organisation
& roles, social
support networks,
local pride, social
isolation, cultural
ethos, racism
Neutral
-
--
N/A
X
++
Diet, physical activity,
use of alcohol /
tobacco / other nonprescription drugs,
sexual activity, other
risk-taking activity
3. Social and
community
influences on
health?
+
+
Younger people are expected to benefit from
training and education. Prospect of jobs for
young people and people of working age may
reduce out-migration. Employment opportunities
and increase in income would benefit families
and could help tackle unemployment. Older
people could be more vulnerable to changes.
Unmitigated demand on healthcare services
could impact on those that have existing demand
for these services. Local infrastructure
improvements (especially transport) are expected
to have benefits for the island). May be particular
impacts that have effects on specific (socially
disadvantaged) groups.
Neutral
X
++
+
Supporting Evidence / Effect on Inequality:
-
--
N/A
X
Neutral
X
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-
X
Supporting Evidence / Effect on Inequality:
Evidence to suggest indirect positive and
negative effects on diet. Opportunities to
improve physical activity through improving
existing assets or providing new assets. Amount
of time in employment influences availability of
opportunities for consuming, and ability to
afford, alcohol. Influx of new people likely to
increase sexual activity and increase the risk of
sexual infections. Young men in the workforce
could participate in risk-taking activity, e.g.
dangerous driving or anti-social behaviour
--
N/A
Supporting Evidence / Effect on Inequality:
Job opportunities can have effects on family;
outward migration a particular issue for
Anglesey. Opportunities exist for people to
participate in the planning process, including the
Wylfa Planning Liaison Group (PLG) containing
community representation. Possible community
divisions may emerge with influx of non-local
construction workforce. A range of solutions for
accommodating construction workers should
help to dilute potential negative effects. Future
prosperity of Anglesey is closely linked to
provision of jobs; generates community identity
and social inclusion.
Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
4. Living and
environmental
conditions affecting
health?
++
+
Neutral
Housing,
neighbourhood
design, noise & air
quality, community
safety, road hazards,
waste, attractiveness
of area
--
N/A
X
5. Economic
conditions affecting
health?
++
Unemployment,
income, economic
inactivity, type of
employment,
workplace conditions
X
6. Access and
quality of services?
++
Medical and other
caring services,
careers advice,
transport, education
and training, shops,
information
technology
-
+
Neutral
-
Supporting Evidence / Effect on Inequality:
New power station likely to have a visual impact
including light pollution (to be assessed in the
EIA). Likely to increase demand for housing,
which could have impacts on housing availability,
affordability and quality. Workers
accommodation could provide a positive legacy.
Potential for noise and air quality effects mostly
associated with road improvements. Water
availability, quality and wastewater to be
assessed by EIA). Waste disposal is regulated
and licences required. Perception of community
safety risks. Potential for road hazards
associated with an increase in traffic.
--
N/A
Supporting Evidence / Effect on Inequality:
Generation of employment in construction and
operation phases. Induced economic
development. Role of increased income leading
to better health. Range of different employment
opportunities (skills, duration, etc). Benefits to
local suppliers. Opportunities to maximise the
positive effects.
+
X
Neutral
-
X
--
N/A
Supporting Evidence / Effect on Inequality:
Likely to be extra demand on healthcare services
from construction workforce, incl. blue light
emergency services, GPs, hospitals and dentists.
Demand for childcare facilities may increase too.
Positive opportunities exist to up-skill, educate
and train local people. Increase in population
expected to generate benefits for shops, local
businesses, public amenities and viability of
public transport routes.
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7. Macro-economic,
environmental &
sustainability
factors
++
Government policies,
gross domestic
product, economic
development,
biological diversity,
climate
B.3
+
Neutral
-
--
N/A
X
Supporting Evidence / Effect on Inequality:
Strong positive contribution to UK, Wales and
local government policies (including Energy
Island objectives) including reduction of carbon
emissions (climate benefits). Investment and
employment likely to generate positive impacts
on Gross Domestic Product and economic
development. EIA will look at biological diversity.
Potential issues associated with perception of
radiological impacts (a) ongoing exposure; (b) a
major incident. Community and workers are
used to living/working in proximity to nuclear
reactor. Expect that addressing community
perceptions of managing risks of a major
incident occurring will be critical.
Table B.2 sets out some of the possible mitigation measures that were identified
applying the IACC HIA Tool.
Table B.2 Possible Mitigation Measures Identified Through HIA Scoping Process
Mitigation Area
Recommended mitigations
Corporate Health Scheme








Formal adoption of a Corporate Health Scheme
Dietary awareness (eating patterns around shift work)
Responsible drinking
Smoking
Sexual health advice
Safer driving courses
Induction to cover cultural issues
Workforce behaviour rules
Planning and strategy

Up-front work to plan and agree strategy for accommodating construction
workers with IACC and Horizon
Horizon to develop approved private accommodation lists
Improve road safety and divert traffic onto safer routes
Park and ride strategy and promotion of ‘green travel’
‘Meet the buyer’ events to help local businesses engage with the supply chain
Provide on-site facilities for healthcare
Provide facilities for workforce leisure and recreation
Provide bypass path around the site for Anglesey Coastal Footpath







Communications


Education and training


Raise awareness of how local people can participate in the HIA process (to
Horizon directly, to PLG representatives, to IACC and to [IPC/MIPU)]
Consider strategies for providing assurance on preparedness and emergency
response plans
Equipping young people to be ready for new jobs (temporary and permanent)
Up-skilling and apprentice schemes to enable local people (including long term
unemployed) to compete for jobs
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Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
B.4
Table B.3 identifies some of the issues that have been identified as potentially
influencing determinants of health. These issues are primarily being assessed in
other studies that have been commissioned. The HIA will review the outputs of
these studies and report where significant effects that could influence health have
been identified. These studies will provide inputs to the HIA.
Table B.3 Issues That Are Being Assessed In Other Studies
Study
Issues that will be assessed include
Environmental Impact Assessment










Disruption to the Wales Coast path
Visual effects of new power station structures
Visual effects associated with lighting and glare
Availability, affordability and quality of housing
Noise effects associated with the power station, e.g. tonality
Noise effects associated with construction of the Power Station
Noise effects associated with construction of the Marine Off Loading
Facility
Air quality effects, including dust particles, during construction
Air quality effects associated with vehicle emissions
Water supply, consumption and water quality (including discharge of
contaminants into water courses)
Sewerage and wastewater disposal and treatment
Disposal of waste from construction
Disposal of waste during operation (including reference to site licence
and regulation)
Biological and ecological diversity
Employment (direct and induced), economic development, gross
domestic product
Training and careers
Availability of education facilities
Changes in traffic flows, types and volumes
Welsh Language Impact Assessment



Effects on proportion of Welsh speakers
Bilingualism
Any effects on Welsh culture
Radiological Assessment


Radiological exposure during operation
Radiological exposure during unplanned events








B.5
Table A.4 summarises the determinants of health that are being considered further
in the HIA (scope in) and those that are not being progressed any further. This
decision is informed by the factors that are set out in B.6 (and in paragraph 4.13 of
the HIA Scoping Report). The factors include those issues which can be addressed
and assessed through the mitigation measures and other studies set out in Tables
B.2 and B.3.
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Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
B.6
These effects will be prioritised with reference to the following factors:

the severity of the potential health effect is high; acting on a determinant of
health that causes direct health effects;

the duration of the potential health effect is long or irreversible;

the potential health effect would have an impact on a large number of
people;

the potential health effect may affect a particularly vulnerable group or
community;

the potential health effect is not being considered in depth by other studies;

mitigation measures to manage the potential health effect have not been
identified at this stage; and

the potential health effect is not controlled by an existing regulatory /
licensing regime (it is assumed that existing/equivalent regulatory regimes
remain in place and would be effective and that the proposals would not
result in any breach of the law).
Table B.4 Summary Of Scoping Of Determinants Of Health For Further
Focus In The HIA
Determinant of Health
10
Scope In ()
Scope Out (x)
Potential health issues to be considered in
the HIA

To be identified for each impact and
geographical area
Diet

n/a
2b
Physical Activity10

Promoting physical activity
2c
Use of alcohol / tobacco / other
non-prescription drugs

Potential for increase in risk-taking activity
(including communicable diseases)
2d
Sexual activity

Potential for increase in risk-taking activity
(including communicable diseases)
2e
Other risk-taking activity

Potential for increase in risk-taking activity
(including communicable diseases)
3
Social and community influences
1
Vulnerable Groups
2
Individual Lifestyles
2a
Item 2b Physical Activity was initially scoped out of the assessment, but after further consideration of the potential
effects of road improvements and the role of HIA in promoting health improvements, this determinant of health was
scoped in to the HIA.
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Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
Determinant of Health
Scope In ()
Scope Out (x)
Potential health issues to be considered in
the HIA
3a
Family organisation and roles

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
3b
Citizen power and influence

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
3c
Wider social support (i) social
networks and (ii) neighbourliness

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
3d
Community identity and sense of
belonging

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
3e
Divisions in community and peer
pressure

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
3f
Social isolation

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
3g
Cultural and spiritual ethos

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
3h
Racism

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
3i
Other social exclusion

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
3j
Anti-social behaviour and the
fear of crime

Potential change in community identity and
social networks
4
Living and environmental
conditions

4a
Built environment
x
n/a
4b
Housing

Change in housing demand and supply
4c
Noise / odour
/x
Changes in noise exposure (odour is not
included)
4d
Air quality / water quality
/x
Changes to local air quality (water quality is
not included)
4e
Attractiveness of area
x
n/a
4f
Community safety

Potential changes in exposure to radiation
4g
Waste disposal
x
n/a
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Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
Determinant of Health
Scope In ()
Scope Out (x)
Potential health issues to be considered in
the HIA
4h
Road hazards

Changes in transport; type and volume of
vehicles
4i
Injury hazards

Changes in transport; type and volume of
vehicles
4j
Quality and safety of play areas
x
n/a
5
Economic conditions

5a
Unemployment / economic
inactivity

Change in employment, income and economic
development
5b
Income

Change in employment, income and economic
development
5c
Type of employment

Change in employment, income and economic
development
5d
Workplace conditions
x
n/a
5e
Procurement
x
n/a
6
Access and quality of services
6a
Medical and healthcare services

Potential change in demand for medical and
healthcare services
6b
Other caring services
x
n/a
6c
Careers advice

Potential for education and training
6d
Shops and commercial services
x
n/a
6e
Public amenities
x
n/a
6f
Transport

Changes in transport; type and volume of
vehicles
6g
Education and training

Potential for education and training
6h
Information technology
x
n/a
7
Sustainability, macro-economic
and environmental factors
7a
Government policies

Energy generation to meet demand and
maintain affordability
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Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
Determinant of Health
Scope In ()
Scope Out (x)
Potential health issues to be considered in
the HIA
7b
Gross Domestic Product

Change in employment, income and economic
development
7c
Economic development

Change in employment, income and economic
development
7d
Social Justice and Equality issues
x
n/a
7e
Biological diversity
x
n/a
7f
Climate

Energy generation through low carbon
technology
7g
Bilingualism and Welsh culture
x
n/a
7h
Radiological impacts

Understanding of radiological risks
B.7
The workshop was attended by representatives from Public Health Wales, WHIASU,
IACC, the Wylfa Planning Liaison Group and Horizon.
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Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
Appendix B References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
COMARE. COMARE Statement on Childhood Cancers in North Wales. 2005.
Available at http://bit.ly/RKeHXI
COMARE, (personal communication). Response letter from COMARE Chairman to Dr
C Busby (18.8.06). 2006. Available at http://bit.ly/1preFm3
Busby, C. and Bramhall, R. Is there an excess of childhood cancer in North Wales on
the Menai Strait, Gwynedd? Concerns about the accuracy of analyses carried out by
the Wales Cancer Intelligence Unit and those using its data. Occasional Paper
2005/3. 2005 Green Audit. Aberystwyth, Wales. Available at http://bit.ly/1preFm3
Busby, C., (personal communication). Letter from Dr C Busby (Green Audit) to the
COMARE Secretariat (9.11.05). 2005. Available at http://bit.ly/1preFm3
Busby, C. and Parry, L. Nuclear pollution, childhood leukaemia, retinoblastoma and
brain tumours in Gwynedd and Anglesey wards near the Menai Straits, North Wales
2000-2003. Report 04/1B. 2004 Green Audit. Aberystwyth, Wales. Available at
http://bit.ly/1wyHWgN
Jones, A. Childhood Cancer Incidence - Gwynedd & Anglesey, North Wales.
Version:9. 2005 National Public Health Service for Wales. Available at
http://bit.ly/1k7BMQA
COMARE. The incidence of childhood cancer around nuclear installations in Great
Britain. Tenth report. 2005 Ed. Bridges, B. A. Produced by the Health Protection
Agency on behalf of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the
Environment (COMARE). Available at http://bit.ly/1ktLNqF
Mobbs, S. F. et al. An introduction to the estimation of risks arising from exposure
to low doses of ionising radiation. HPA-RPD-055. 2009 Health Protection Agency.
Didcot, Oxfordshire, England. Available at http://bit.ly/1wyJwz0
Mobbs, S. F., Muirhead, C. R., and Harrison, J. D. Risks from ionising radiation.
HPD-RPD-066. 2010 Health Protection Agency. Didcot, Oxfordshire, England.
Available at http://bit.ly/1royGvm
Collier, D. Perspectives on the health risks from low levels of ionising radiation.
SAFEGROUNDS debate paper. CIRIA W39. 2011 CIRIA. London. Available at
http://bit.ly/1ttOlFt
Dorfman, P. Radiation health effects. 2010. Available at http://bit.ly/1nAamFl
Bramhall, R. Position paper on radiation risk prepared by LLRC for SAFEGROUNDS.
2010. Available at http://bit.ly/1nAazs1
Spix C et al. Case-control study on childhood cancer in the vicinity of nuclear power
plants in Germany 1980-2003. Eur.J.Cancer 2008;44(2):275-84. Available at
PM:18082395
COMARE. Further consideration of the incidence of childhood leukaemia around
nuclear power plants in Great Britain. Fourteenth report. 2011 Ed. Elliott, A.
Produced by the Health Protection Agency for the Committee on Medical Aspects of
Radiation in the Environment. Available at http://bit.ly/1kZRJZ7
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Health Impact Assessment Scoping Report
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Department of Energy and Climate Change. National Policy Statement for Nuclear
Power Generation (EN-6). 2011 The Stationery Office. London. Available at
http://bit.ly/SjDgv8
Kinlen L. Childhood leukaemia, nuclear sites, and population mixing. Br.J.Cancer
2011;104(1):12-8. Available at PM:21063418
Greaves M. Infection, immune responses and the aetiology of childhood leukaemia.
Nat.Rev.Cancer 2006;6(3):193-203. Available at PM:16467884
Richard W. What to believe and what not to believe. Journal of Radiological
Protection 2008;28(1):5-7. Available at http://bit.ly/1kQGalY
Steward JA, White C, Reynolds S. Leukaemia incidence in Welsh children linked with
low level radiation - making sense of some erroneous results published in the
media. Journal of Radiological Protection 2008;28(1):33-43. Available at
http://bit.ly/1koO958
Steward J, John G. An ecological investigation of the incidence of cancer in Welsh
children for the period 1985-1994 in relation to residence near the coastline.
Journal of the Royal Statistical.Society.Series.A (Statistics.in Society)
2001;164(1):29-43. Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2680531
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Appendix C
COMARE
C.1
There has been dialogue concerning the incidence of childhood cancer in North
Wales between the Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, the Green Audit
and the Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE)
(1-5): the Green Audit published a report in which they showed a sea-coast effect in
cancer and leukaemia in children and also in adults (5). WICSU disputed these
findings (6). COMARE reviewed the evidence (1) and supported WICSU, although
noting problems associated with small numbers of cases and supporting further
investigation of levels of childhood cancer in the area. Additional work was
subsequently conducted by the National Public Health Service for Wales and found
no evidence of increased incidence of childhood leukaemia, nor for brain (and spinal)
tumours and retinoblastoma in North Wales (6).
C.2
The HIA team notes that the Health Protection Agency (HPA) concur with COMARE
(7) and find no increased risk of cancers from nuclear power plants (8-10).
Although contested by some (11-13) the conclusion that there is no evidence to
support an increased risk of cancers in the vicinity of nuclear power stations is
repeated by COMARE (14) and the National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power
Generation (15). In the HIA this debate will be reviewed with a view to examining
the understanding that people living and working on Anglesey have of the risks
associated with a nuclear facility.
C.3
Anglesey has a remote island population; the proposed new nuclear power station
at Wylfa will be responsible for an influx of construction workers. Anglesey also has
a seasonal influx of tourists. This suggests that Betsi Cadwaladr University Health
Board and the HIA will need to address sensitively the infection/immune system
based hypothesis for childhood leukaemia and to identify its importance for
Anglesey. The infection/immune system based hypotheses for childhood leukaemia
states that childhood leukaemia is either a rare response to a specific common
infection (16) or a rare response to general exposure to infectious agents that is
enhanced by delayed exposure (17).
C.4
The dialogue concerning childhood cancer in North Wales has been reported in
peer-reviewed journals (18-20).
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CONTACT US:
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Wylfa Newydd Project you can contact us on our
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address, by calling on 0800 954 9516 or emailing
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Horizon Nuclear Power
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