Pemetaan Kurikulum 2013 dan Kurikulum Cambridge Kemendikbud, Jakarta, 16 Juni 2016 Dr Ben Schmidt Regional Director, Southeast Asia & Pacific Overview 1. Introduction: Cambridge International Examinations 2. Curriculum Mapping: Kurikulum 2013 Years 10-12 and Cambridge International AS & A Levels 3. Cambridge view of curriculum and assessment The world’s largest provider of international education programmes and qualifications for 5 to 19 year olds Develops successful students in over 160 countries Valued by over 10,000 schools worldwide – 98% would recommend us to other schools Growing fast – worldwide entries increased by 17% the past year Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge IGCSE For students aged 14-16 Broad curriculum Choice of 70+ subjects o English language and literature o Mathematics o Sciences o Languages (incl. Bahasa Indonesia) o Humanities and Social Sciences (incl. Islamiyat and Global Perspectives) o Business, Technical, Creative Cambridge AS/A Level For students aged 16-19 In depth study for university Choice of 55+ subjects o English language and literature o Mathematics o Sciences (incl. Marine Science) o Languages o Humanities and Social Sciences (incl. Islamic Studies and Global Perspectives & Research) o Business, Technical, Creative (incl. Travel & Tourism, Cambridge schools in Indonesia 1 6 Predominantly international curriculum Predominantly national curriculum 57 Bilingual / dual curriculum 97 State school Other 29 190 Cambridge schools in Indonesia in May 2016 10 most popular Cambridge subjects in Indonesia IGCSE 0580 Mathematics (Without Coursework) 0625 Physics First Language English (Oral 0500 Endorsement) 0610 Biology A Level Group 9709 Mathematics 9702 Physics 9701 Chemistry 9700 Biology 0620 Chemistry Information and Communication 0417 Technology 9093 English Language 0547 Foreign Language Mandarin Chinese 9609 Business English as a Second Language 0510 (Speaking Endorsement) 0450 Business Studies 8004 General Paper Applied Information & Communication 9713 Technology 0545 Foreign Language Indonesian 9706 Accounting 9708 Economics Overview 1. Introduction: Cambridge International Examinations 2. Curriculum Mapping: Kurikulum 2013 Years 10-12 and Cambridge International AS & A Levels 3. Cambridge view of curriculum and assessment Kurikulum 2013 Cambridge international curriculum SILABUS BIO-minat SMA AS/A Level Biology (9700) SILABUS FIS-minat SMA AS/A Level Physics (9702) SILABUS KIM-minat SMA AS/A Level Chemistry (9701) SILABUS EKONOMI-minat SMA AS/A Level Business Studies (9707) AS/A Level Economics (9708) SILABUS MTK-minat SMA AS/A Level Mathematics (9709) Aims of the curriculum mapping 1. To support Cambridge schools in Indonesia with the efficient preparation of A Level students for the Ujian Nasional 2. To highlight the extent to which the Cambridge curriculum aligns with the aims and objectives of the Indonesian national curriculum “Overall, the aims and assessment objectives appear similar” Curriculum mapping: BIOLOGY Mapping undertaken between: Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology (9700) SILABUS BIO-minat SMA Outcomes Approximately 80% overlap Difference in focus A lot of the content in the Indonesian syllabus is a better match for IGCSE level The Cambridge syllabus tends to offer knowledge for the more challenging elements of the Indonesian syllabus Curriculum mapping: BIOLOGY Kurikulum 2013 Biologi More traditional approach to Biology - particularly in Year X, which covers botanical and zoological classification in far more detail than the Cambridge syllabus Topics not covered in the Cambridge syllabus: o Year X: Ecology: Ecosystems, energy flow, biogeochemical cycle and their interactions o Year XI: Structure and function of the tissue-forming specialized cells in muscular system and digestive stem o Year XII: Growth and Development Curriculum mapping: BIOLOGY Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology (9700) The content of the Cambridge syllabus is too advanced for the Indonesian syllabus without the underpinning knowledge that would be acquired at IGCSE. Kurikulum 2013 uses a three domain classification whereas the Cambridge syllabus uses the five kingdom (domains) classification. Curriculum mapping: CHEMISTRY Mapping undertaken between: Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry (9701) SILABUS KIM-minat SMA Outcomes Approximately 80% overlap Some other topics in the Indonesian syllabus are covered in Cambridge IGCSE or AS/A Level Biology The wording of the Indonesian syllabus is significantly less specific than the Cambridge syllabus – hard to say whether coverage is similarly in-depth or comprehensive Curriculum mapping: CHEMISTRY Kurikulum 2013 Kimia Different structure Topics not covered in the Cambridge syllabus: o Year X: Electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions o Year XI: Colloid o Year XII: Colligative properties of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions; Structure, properties, classification and utilities of fat Topics covered in the Cambridge IGCSE or AS/A Level Biology syllabus: o Osmosis & osmotic pressure o Health benefits/consequences of carbohydrates, proteins and fats Curriculum mapping: CHEMISTRY Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry (9701) Content goes beyond the requirements of Kurikulum 2013 in these topics: o The gaseous state: ideal and real gases and pV = nRT o Entropy change, ΔS⦵ o Gibbs free energy change, ΔG⦵ o Batteries and fuel cells o Partition coefficients o Simple rate equations; orders of reaction; rate constants o Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts including enzymes o Stereoisomerism in transition element complexes o Stability constants, Kstab o Isomerism: structural and stereoisomerism o Phenol o Primary amines and amides o Predicting the type of polymerisation Curriculum mapping: CHEMISTRY Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry (9701) Content that is not covered in the Kurikulum 2013: Analytical techniques o Chromatography o Infra-red spectroscopy o Mass spectrometry o arbon-13 NMR spectroscopy o Proton (1H) NMR spectroscopy Organic synthesis o o 23.1 Synthesis of chiral drug molecules o o 23.2 Synthetic routes Curriculum mapping: PHYSICS Mapping undertaken between: Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics (9702) SILABUS FIS-minat SMA Outcomes Approximately 90% overlap Indonesian syllabus tends include more applications of into ‘everyday life’ Cambridge syllabus goes into more quantitative detail and covers a greater extent of more recent physics topic areas Curriculum mapping: PHYSICS Kurikulum 2013 Fisika Topics covered in more detail than in Cambridge curriculum: Apply the Laws of static fluids in ever day life o Archimedes Law, Meniscus, Capillary syndrome, Viscosity and Stoke’s Law Analyze how optical equipment works using light reflection and refraction characteristics in mirrors and lenses o Eyes and eye lenses, microscope, telescope, camera Apply the concepts of torque, moment of inertia, balance point, and angular momentum in rigid body (static and dynamics) in everyday life o Moment of Inertia, Law of angular momentum conservation in rigid bodies Apply fluid dynamics principles in technology o Ideal fluids, Continuum Principle, Bernoulli’s Principle, implementation of Continuum and Bernoulli’s Principles in everyday life Curriculum mapping: PHYSICS Kurikulum 2013 Fisika Topics covered in more detail than in Cambridge curriculum (ctd): 3.9 Analyze symptoms of global warming, greenhouse effect, climate change and their impacts on human life and the environment o Symptons of global warming (greenhouse effect, carbon emission, ice melting) o IPPC and Kyoto Protocol, Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate 3.1 Apply the concepts and principles of sound & light waves in technology o Polarisation, LCD and LED technology 3.7 Evaluate students’ own thoughts about electromagnetic radiation, its application in technology and its impacts in human life o Electromagnetic spectrum, sources, benefits and dangers of e-m radiation 3.9 Understand data transmission and storage in digital form and its application in information and communication technology o Data storage Curriculum mapping: PHYSICS Kurikulum 2013 Fisika Topics covered in Cambridge IGCSE Physics: 3.8 Analyze the effects of heat and heat transfer in everyday life o Temperature and expansion o Heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation 3.9 Analyze how optical equipment works using light reflection and refraction characteristics in mirrors and lenses o Eyes and eye lenses, magnifying glass 3.9 Analyze symptoms of global warming, greenhouse effect, climate change and their impacts on human life and the environment o Search for alternative energy resources 3.7 Evaluate students’ own thoughts about electromagnetic radiation o Properties and uses of e-m radiation and safety issues 3.11 Understand the limitation of energy sources and the impacts to all lives o Renewable and non-renewable energy sources, impacts to the environment Curriculum mapping: PHYSICS Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics (9702) Learning outcomes not covered in Kurikulum 2013: Gravitational fields o Gravitational potential and use of its equation in solving problems Stress and strain o Experiment to determine the Young modulus of a material in the form of a wire Temperature o Thermal equilibrium o Temperature scales o Practical thermometers Thermal properties of materials o Electrical methods of determining specific heat capacity and specific latent heat o Use of a simple kinetic model of matter to explain melting, evaporation and boiling o Internal energy and the first law of thermodynamics Curriculum mapping: PHYSICS Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics (9702) Learning outcomes not covered in Kurikulum 2013 (ctd): Oscillation o Energy in SHM o Damped, forced oscillations and resonance Waves o Production and use of ultrasound in diagnosis, incl. specific acoustic impedance o Use of the equation I = Ioe-μx for the attenuation of ultrasound in matter Communication o Communication channels o Modulation o Digital communication (partly covered in Indonesian HSS Physics syllabus) o Relative merits of channels of communication o Attenuation Curriculum mapping: PHYSICS Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics (9702) Learning outcomes not covered in Kurikulum 2013 (ctd): Current electricity o Sensing devices including characteristics of LDRs and thermistors o Piezo-electric transducers and metal wire strain gauges o Potential dividers and generating a voltage output in sensors o Resistivity Electronics o The ideal operational amplifier o Operational amplifier circuits o Output devices, including the use of relays Curriculum mapping: PHYSICS Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics (9702) Learning outcomes not covered in Kurikulum 2013 (ctd): Magnetic fields o Force on a moving charge, including deflection of charged particles in E and B fields, use of E and B fields in velocity selection, determination of e/me and the Hall Effect o Magnetic fields due to currents o Nuclear magnetic resonance Quantum physics o Wave- particle duality o Energy levels and line spectra o Band theory in solids Particle and nuclear physics o Fundamental particles, mass defect and nuclear binding energy o Quantitative treatment of exponential decay. Curriculum mapping: ECONOMICS Mapping undertaken between: Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics (9708) Cambridge International AS & A Level Business Studies (9707) SILABUS EKONOMI-minat SMA Outcomes Cambridge Business Studies covers only about 15% of the Indonesian Ekonomi syllabus Cambridge Economics covers about 50-60% of the Indonesian Ekonomi syllabus Not in Cambridge Economics syllabus: some topics in management and accounting; financial institutions and payment systems has a greater focus on Indonesian institutions Curriculum mapping: ECONOMICS Kurikulum 2013 Ekonomi Kurikulum 2013 topics not covered in Cambridge AS & A Level Economics: Year 10 Economics o The sections on financial institutions and payment systems (3.5/3.6 and 4.5/4.6) have a greater focus on Indonesian institutions Year 11 Management o 3.7 and 3.8 o 4.7 and 4.8 Year 12 Accounting o 3.3 to 3.6 o 4.3 to 4.6 Curriculum mapping: ECONOMICS Cambridge AS & A Level Economics (9707) Cambridge topics not covered in Kurikulum 2013 Ekonomi: A2 The Price system and the micro economic a) Law of diminishing marginal utility b) Indifference curves and budget lines c) Types of cost, revenue and profit, short-run and long-run production d) Different market structures e) Growth and survival of firms f) Different objectives of a firm Curriculum mapping: ECONOMICS Cambridge AS & A Level Economics (9707) Cambridge topics covered in greater detail or depth than in Kurikulum 2013 Ekonomi: A 1 Basic economic ideas and resource allocation a) Dynamic efficiency b) Externalities and market failure c) Social costs and benefits: cost-benefit analysis. A3 Government microeconomic intervention a) Policies to achieve efficient resource allocation and correct market failure b) Equity and policies towards income and wealth redistribution c) Labour market forces and government intervention d) Government failure in microeconomic intervention Curriculum mapping: MATHEMATICS Mapping undertaken between: Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics (9709) SILABUS MTK SMA SILABUS MTK-minat SMA Outcomes: Cambridge syllabus covers much of the content of the Indonesian syllabus but there are differences in focus and structure Some of the content in the Indonesian syllabuses is already covered in Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Combination ‘Pure + Statistics’ covers more of the Indonesian syllabuses (both General Mathematics and Maths & Natural Sciences) than ‘Pure + Mechanics’ or ‘Pure with Mechanics and Statistics components’ Curriculum mapping: MATHEMATICS Kurikulum 2013 Matematika Kurikulum 2013 topics already covered in Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics: Year X 3.3 Two- and three-variable Linear Equations and two-variable linear inequalities 3.4/3.5 Matrix 3.8 Sequences and series 3.20/3.21 Statistics (Prior knowledge) 3.22 Probability (Prior knowledge) Year XI 3.1/3.2 Linear programming 3.4 Matrix 3.11 Formula in Triangle (partially covered)) 3.18/3.19 Circle Equation 3.20 Geometric Transformation (prior knowledge) Curriculum mapping: MATHEMATICS Kurikulum 2013 Matematika (IPA) Kurikulum 2013 topics already covered in Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics: Year X 3.3/3.4 Two-variable Linear and Quadratic System (partially covered) 3.11 Plane Geometry Year XI 3.3 Conic Sections Year XII 3.1 Matrix 3.4 Composite Geometric Transformation 3.5 Three Dimension Geometry (partially covered) Curriculum mapping: MATHEMATICS Kurikulum 2013 Matematika Kurikulum 2013 topics already covered in Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics: Year XII 3.1 Matrix Determinant, matrix operations, inverse of matrices 3.3 Mathematical Induction 3.4 Space diagonal, plane diagonal and diagonal plane (partial coverage) Curriculum mapping: MATHEMATICS Cambridge AS & A Level Mathematics (9709) Cambridge topics not covered in Kurikulum 2013 : Pure 1 – Paper 1 Circular measure (partial) Vectors (partial) Pure 3 – Paper 3 Numerical solutions of equations Vectors (partial) Differential equations Complex numbers Statistics 2 – Paper 6 The Poisson distribution Linear combinations of random variables Continuous random variables Overview 1. Introduction: Cambridge International Examinations 2. Curriculum Mapping: Kurikulum 2013 Years 10-12 and Cambridge International AS & A Levels 3. Cambridge view of curriculum and assessment Cambridge view of the learning process Focus on understanding Theory of constructivism Active learning (“requiring students to think hard”) Vygotsky: Zone of Proximal Development Curriculum and assessment must support deep learning not a sage on a stage but a guide by the side Understanding, content, knowledge, skills Understanding requires content knowledge AND the skills to apply it in order to solve problems Constructs = ‘key things which need to be learned’ Spiral curriculum and the notion of mastery Competencies = combinations of knowledge, skills and attitudes, which facilitate the application of knowledge to real world contexts Dispositions and character qualities (cp. Cambridge Learner attributes: confident, responsible, reflective, innovative, engaged) Organising the curriculum Key concepts o Substantive concepts – e.g. ‘river’, ‘castle’, ‘trade’, ‘city’, ‘and ‘ecosystem’ (in Geography) o Second-order concepts – e.g. ‘cause & consequence’ (causation); ‘change & continuity’; ‘similarity & difference’ (in History) Domains - the ‘area of interest’, the ‘sphere of knowledge’, the ‘territory’ of learning to be covered in the materials Constructs – ‘the key things to be learned’ o Concepts (e.g. conservation of mass; constitutional monarchy) o Principles (e.g. scientific laws; logical relations) o Fundamental operations (4 operations in maths; extended writing) o Key knowledge (e.g. order of planets; the ‘Glorious Revolution’) Key concepts – Economics Scarcity & choice Progress & developmt Margin & change Michael O’Sullivan, Chief Executive, Cambridge International Examinations Economics Regulation & equity “We have given depth priority over breadth, and believe this is the right choice for the benefit of learners.” Equilibrium & efficiency Bloom: Taxonomy of learning domains Assessment Backwash Backwash Impact Pedagogy Curriculum Bloom’s taxonomy and Cambridge assessment objectives How are AOs carried through to questions? Syllabuses that Are supported by a balanced range of assessment instruments, each weighted by AO Papers that Are ‘synoptic’ in range across the syllabus Questions that Require knowledge Gradually remove scaffolding Require the application of knowledge in unfamiliar contexts Encourage connections to be made between topic areas or concepts Command Terms Command terms indicate what is required in a question and the depth of response. Some examples: Define: give a precise meaning of a word, phrase or physical quantity Outline: give a brief account or summary Derive: Manipulate a mathematical relationship[s] to give a new equation or relationship Deduce: Reach a conclusion from the information given Compare: Describe two or more situations and present the similarities between them Evaluate: Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations of different evidence and arguments. Balanced range of assessment instruments e.g. IGCSE Business Studies Structured answers Data response Evaluation Short answer Extended writing Synoptic assessment Linear assessment is a characteristic of Cambridge IGCSE Some papers have a specific synoptic function e.g. IGCSE Business Studies, Paper 2 Questions relate to a previously unseen business situation or problem. Candidates would be expected to answer holistically. Gradual removal of scaffolding E.g. IGCSE Geography Paper 2 Extracting data from the graph Interpreting the graph and identifying patterns Suggesting explanations Knowledge applied in unfamiliar contexts E.g. IGCSE Biology, Paper 2, Q2 AO1 Knowledge with understanding AO2 Handling information and solving problems AO3 Experimental skills and investigations Recalling knowledge Applying knowledge in a novel context Abstracting appropriate knowledge Thank you very much! Dr Ben Schmidt Regional Director, Southeast Asia & Pacific Singapore schmidt.b@cie.org.uk