Control of Sclerotinia head rot in sunflower
KHALID RASHID
Agriculture and Agri
-Food Canada
Agri-Food
Research Station, Morden Manitoba
SCLEROTINIA WILT
* Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
* Very destructive
* Most common.
* wide host range
* Sclerotia in soil
* Mycelia infects roots
* Root rot
* Basal
-stalk rot.
Basal-stalk
* Complete wilt by flowering
* Sclerotia produced at base
Sclerotinia Head Rot
Epidemics 2004
Sclerotinia Life cycle
• Short Term Objective
Objective::
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lack of genetic resistance to Sclerotinia headrot
Need to identify foliar fungicide applications to
reduce the impact on sunflower yield & quality.
Field trials at AAFC Morden Manitoba
Susceptible oilseed hybrids
Applications at Early and/or Late flowering
Sclerotinia inoculation 24 h after fungicides
Ascospores suspension supplemented with
Ground sclerotinia
-infection millet seed
sclerotinia-infection
Head rot incidence weekly
Head rot severity at the end of season
Fungicides
Chemical % active
a.i / ha
Company
Rovral
Iprodione 24
3 kg
BAYER
Fluazinam
Fluazinam 40
1 kg
Syngenta
Quadris
Azoxystrobin 25
0.25 kg
BASF
Lance
Boscalid 25
0.25 kg
BASF
Vertisan-LEM17
DPX-LEM17, Penthiopyrad 20
0.35 kg
DuPont
Proline
Prothioconazole 48
0.2 kg
BAYER
Prosaro
Prothioconazole12.5/Tebuconazole12.5
0.2 kg
BAYER
Ronilan
Viclozolin
2 kg
Syngenta
BASF-516
Experimental
0.8 kg
BASF
USF-4876
Experimental
0.3 kg
BAYER
DPX-YT669
Experimental
0.22 kg
DuPont
DPX-Q8X63
Experimental
0.35 kg
DuPont
Quash
Experimental (metconazole)
0.28 kg
VALENT
BASF-703
Experimental
0.25 Kg
BASF
Topsin(Senator)
Thiophanate-methyle
1.5kg
EngageAgro
Serenade
Bacillus subtillis (Biocntrol)
5 kg
AgraQuest
Switch
Cyprodinil / Fluxdioxonil
0.6 kg
Syngenta
150
100
50
Head Rot & Yield, % of C
Control of sclerotinia head rot in sunflower, 2009
EL
76
48 E
SF
U 876 EL
4 F
SF 16
U F-5 E
S 6F
BA -5 1 L
SF H E
BA 17
M HE
LE 17
M L
LE h E
i tc
Sw h E
i tc EL
Sw ris
d
ua E
Q ris L
E
d
ua m
Q in a
E
z
ua m
Fl in a L
z E
ua 6
Fl 647
U 6E
J A 647
U L
JA l E
ra
ov
R lE
ra EL
ov
R lid
a
sc E
Bo a lid
sc E L
Bo an
il
on E
R an
il
L
on E
R tor
na E
Se tor l y
k
na
Se an W l
i l Sc
on +
R ol
tr
on
C ol
tr
on
C
Fungicides
Head Rot
% of Cont
Yield % of
Cont+Scl
250
200
0
120
100
80
60
40
20
Head rot and Yield % of cont
Control of sclerotinia head rot in sunflower, 2010
L
-E
76
48 -E
SF 76 L
U 48 6-E
SF 1
U F-5 -E
S 16
BA -5
SF L
BA -E
M
LE -E
M
LE -E L
i
Sw E
iSw L
E
L
ua
Q -E 3-E
ua 0
Q -7 E
SF 03BA F-7
S
BA -EL
o
Pr E
oPr EL
rSe E
rSe EL
sBo -E L
s -E
Bo -Q
PX -E
D -Q L
PX E
D -Y PX -E
D -Y
PX
D EL
pTo - E
p
T o wk l
s - Sc
Bo t +
on
C t
on
C
Fungicides
Headrot
% of
Control
Yield
% of
Control
160
140
0
Control of sclerotinia head rot 2011
250
Y ld & H ead R ot % o f C o n tro l
Yield % C
Hd Rot % Cl
200
150
100
50
0
C o C L a Se Se Se D D D D D D L a L a L a Se Se Se Pr Pr Pr B A BA BA Q Q Q Sw Sw S w Ve V e Ve Pr P r Pr U U U
nt ont nc n a n a n a PX PX PX PX PX PX nc nc nc r e n e r e ol in ol inol in S S S uas uas uas i t i t i t r s r ti r ti os os os SF SF SF
r o r o e to to to -Y -Y -Y -Q -Q -Q e e e na ra na e e e F - F - F - h h h ch ch ch ita sa sa ar ar ar 48 48 48
l l + W r r r T6 T6 T6 8 8 8 E EL L d d d E E L 70 70 70 E E L E E L n n n o o o 76 76 76
L
S c k l E EL L 6 6 6 X6 X6 X6
e e e
E E L L E EL L E E L
L
L
3 3 3
E EL L
9 9 9 3 3 3
E
L
E
l y
L
L
E EL L E E L
L
120
100
80
60
40
Y ld & H e a d ro t % o f C
Conrol of Sclerotinia head rot in 2009-11
Hrot % C
Yld % C
180
160
140
20
0
L
6
87 L
F4 6 E
U S 487 E
F 6
U S 487
F L
U S i sa n L
rt E
V e i sa n
rt E
V e sa n
r ti
V e ch L
it L
S w t ch E
i
S w ch E
i t -2
S w sh L - 2
a L
Q u sh E 2
ua Q sh E L - 2
ua 03 - 2
Q F -7 EL
S 03
BA F -7 E- 2
S 03
BA F -7
S L
BA in e
ol L
Pr n e E
i
ol E
Pr n e L- 2
ol i e 2
Pr na d EL re e
Se era d E- 2
n e
Se na d
re
Se e L
nc L
La e E
nc
La e E
nc L- 2
La -Q - 2
X EL
D P -Q 2
X ED P -Q
X -2
D P -Y L - 2
X EL
D P -Y 2
X ED P -Y
X L
D P a to r
n EL
Se to r
na E
Se ator ly
n k
Se e W c l
nc S
La r ol +
nt
C o tr o l
n
Co
Hrot % C
Control of sclerotinia head rot 2009-11
most effective treatments
Yld % C
150
100
50
0
n tr
EL
876
F4
U S nE L
a
r ti s
Ve an E
r ti s
V e L -2
a sh
Q u EL2
a sh
Q u E-2
a sh
Qu EL
l in e
Pro E
l in e
Pro EL
ce
Lan L-2
X -Q
D P E-2
X -Q
D P EL
to r
na
Se or E
t
na
S e W k ly
ce l
La n l+S c
o
n tr
Co l
o
Co
Y ie ld / H e a d r o t % o f C
200
CONCLUSIONS
►Head rot epidemics vary from year to year.
►Misting system is essential for epidemics.
►Most fungicides reduced incidence and
severity of head rot, and improved yield.
►3-yr data showed some fungicides significantly
reduced head rot and improved yield.
►Applications at early flowering were better than
at late flowering.
►Two applications are better than one.
►Future research on application timing, and
provide supportive data for registration of the
most effective fungicides.
Thank you!
For more information
khalid.rashid@agr.gc.ca
Tel: 204-822-7220
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
National Sclerotinia Initiative (NSI)
North Dakota State University (NDSU)
National Sunflower Association of Canada (NSAC)
National Sunflower Association of USA (NSA)
Chemical companies for samples and financial support
Tricia Cabernel, Maurice Penner, and Jamie Carlson
for technical support
Control sclerotinia head rot, Morden 2011
160.0
Yield
% of
Control
% Total
Head Rot
% of
Control
Head
Rot
Disease
Index
Yield & Head rot % of Control, & DI
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Co
nt
ro
l
Se
DP
Qu
DP
Se
Bo
Pr
BA
oli
re
sc
Xas
SF
Xn
n
ali
Q8
h
YT
e
a
7
L
de
d+
E
03
E
X6
66
L
In
&
E
&
an
9
3
E
oc
L
L
E
L
&
ce
ulu
L
L
m
na
to
r
Sw
it c
LE
h
L
M
-1
7E
Pr
os
CH
E
&
ar
o
L
E
US
F4
87
6
L
Fungicide trials to reduce the impact of
Sclerotinia head rot in sunflower
KHALID RASHID
Agriculture and Agri
-Food Canada
Agri-Food
Research Station, Morden Manitoba
Fungicides
Chemical % active
a.i / ha
Company
Rovral
Iprodione 24
3 kg
BAYER
Fluazinam
Fluazinam 40
1 kg
Syngenta
Quadris
Azoxystrobin 25
0.25 kg
BASF
Lance
Boscalid 25
0.25 kg
BASF
Vertisan-LEM17 DPX-LEM17, Penthiopyrad 20
0.35 kg
DuPont
Proline
Prothioconazole 48
0.2 kg
BAYER
Prosaro
Prothioconazole12.5/Tebuconazole12.5
0.2 kg
BAYER
Ronilan
Viclozolin
2 kg
Syngenta
BASF-516
Experimental
0.8 kg
BASF
USF-4876
Experimental
0.3 kg
BAYER
DPX-YT669
Experimental
0.22 kg
DuPont
DPX-Q8X63
Experimental
0.35 kg
DuPont
Quash
Experimental (metconazole)
0.28 kg
VALENT
BASF-703
Experimental
0.25 Kg
BASF
1.5kg
EngageAgro
Topsin(Senator) Thiophanate-methyle
Serenade
Bacillus subtillis (Biocntrol)
5 kg
AgraQuest
Switch
Cyprodinil / Fluxdioxonil
0.6 kg
Syngenta
Co
Yield & Head rot % of Control, & DI
nt
ro
l+
I
Se noc
na ulu
DP tor m
X- E &
DP YT L
Bo X- 669
sc Q 8 E
al
X
id 63
-L
L
a
Se nc
re e L
Pr na
BA olin de
SF e E E
-7
03 & L
E
Q &L
ua
LE
sh
M
-1 S w L
7E itc
CH h L
E
Pr &
os L
US aro
F4 E
87
6
L
Control sclerotinia head rot, Morden 2011
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Yield % of Con
Head Rot % of Con
Disease Index
C o n tro l
B o s c a lid S e n a to r
DPXDPXDPXB o s c a lid B o s c a lid S e n e ra d e
P r o lin e
P r o lin e
BASFQ uash
Q uash
S w itc h
LEM LEM P ro s a ro
USF4876
USF4876
Control Sclerotinia Head rot, 2011
250.0
200.0
Yield
% of
Control
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
% Total
Head Rot
% of
Control
Head
Rot
Disease
Index
New Races of Sunflower Downy Mildew
Khalid Y. Rashid
AAFC Morden, Manitoba
Control of Sclerotinia head rot 2009-2011
180
Yield & Head rot % of Control
160
Yld % C
Hrot % C
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Co Co La Se Se Se DP DP DP DP DP DP La La La Se Se Se Pr Pr Pr BA BA BA Qu Q u Qu Sw Sw Sw Ve Ve Ve US US
nt nt nc n a n a n a X - X - X - X - X - X - nc nc nc ren n e ren ol in ol in ol in SF SF SF as as as i tc i tc i tc rti rti rti F4 F4
s s s
ro ro e to to to Y Y Y Q Q Q e e e
r
h h h
E EL L a de a de a de e E e E e L -70 -70 -70 E E L- h E h E h L an an an 876 876
l+ W r r
l
L
Sc k l E EL r L E-2 EL- L-2 E-2 EL- L-2
E EL L
L
2
3
3
3
L
-2
E- EL LE
2
E- EL L- 2
2
l y
2
-2 2
2
2
-2
XYT
lin
66
ad
eW
ntr
k ly
Co
ol
DP 9 E
X- &
Q8 L
X6
Qu 3 E
as
St h L
ra
teg
Fo o L
lic
ur
Pr E
BA
o li
SF
ne
-7
E
03
E
He & L
L E a d lin
MeL
BA
17
SF
EC
-5
16 H L
F
US E &
F4 L
87
Pr 6 E
os
a ro
E
DP
He
R u s t, A U D P C & Y i e l d
Control sunflower rust, Morden 2011
Rust LL
AUDPC
Yield % Cont
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
C o n tr o l
DPXDPXDPXQ uash
Q uash
S tr a te g o
F o lic u r
F o lic u r
P r o lin e
BASFBASFH e a d lin e
LE M LE M BASFU SF4876
U SF4876
P ro s a ro
R u s t A U D P C & Y ie ld
Control sunflower rust, Morden 2011
Rust LL
AUDPC
Yield % Cont
Early fungicide application at full
flowering
Fungicides
Chemical % active
a.i / ha
Company
Bravo
Chlorothalonil 50
1 kg
Syngenta
Dithane
Mancozeb 80 Ethyl carbamate
2.25 kg
Dow Agro
Folicur
Tebuconazole 39
0.125 kg
BAYER
Headline
Pyraclostrobin 25
0.15 kg
BASF
Lance
Boscalid 25
0.25 kg
BASF
LEM Exp.
DPX-LEM17
0.35 kg
DuPont
Proline
Prothioconazole 48
0.2 kg
BAYER
Stratego
Propiconazole/Trifloxystrobin12.5E
0.18 kg
BAYER
Tilt
Propiconazole 25
0.125 kg
Syngenta
BASF-516
Experimental
0.2 kg
BASF
USF-4876
Experimental
0.3 kg
BAYER
DPX-YT669
Experimental
0.22 kg
DuPont
DPX-Q8X63
Experimental
0.35 kg
DuPont
Quash
Experimental (metconazole)
0.28 kg
VALENT
BASF-703
Experimental
0.25 Kg
BASF
Topsin (Senator) Thiophanate-methyle
1.5kg
EngageAgro
Serenade
Bacillus subtillis (Biocntrol)
5 kg
AgraQuest
Switch
Cyprodinil / Fluxdioxonil
0 6 kg
Syngenta