Perspectives from
THE CAMP DAVID SUMMIT | MAY 2012
Barack Obama • David Cameron
Angela Merkel • Stephen Harper
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf • Robert Fauver
Angel Gurría • Dilma Rousseff
Supachai Panitchpakdi • Lars Thunell
José Graziano da Silva • Kanayo F Nwanze
Etharin Cousin • Michel Sidibé • Anthony Lake
Achim Steiner • Maria van der Hoeven
The camp david summitMAY 2012
The road to recovery
The CAMP DAVID Summitmay 2012
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contents
Contents
Introduction and Leaders’ Perspectives
The G8’s Partners – African Opportunity
14
39
A time of transformation
18
United for freedom and enterprise
44
David Cameron, prime minister, United Kingdom
24
Cooperation, responsibility, solidarity
Angela Merkel, chancellor, Federal Republic of Germany
26
28
Prospects for the Camp David Summit
John Kirton, director, G8 Research Group
30
America’s G8 summitry: back to the future
48
Illinois – the place to do business
Pat Quinn, governor, State of Illinois
Working together to assist Africa’s
development efforts
Donald Kaberuka, president, African Development Bank Group
Innovation For Economic Growth,
Employment and Social Security
53
Fostering growth through innovation
Angel Gurría, secretary-general, Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Robert Fauver, former G7/G8 sherpa, United States
33
Strengthening political governance
for security and stability in Africa
Dr Jean Ping, chairperson, African Union Commission
G8: acting together for global
prosperity and security
Stephen Harper, prime minister, Canada
Progress in a democratic Liberia
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, president, Liberia
Barack Obama, president, United States of America
58
The G8’s strategy for global economic growth
Robert Fauver, former G7/G8 sherpa, United States
G8 Camp david may 2012 | 7
contents
62
America forges ahead in the new global economy
98
David Hale, chair, David Hale Global Economics
and co-editor of What’s Next? Unconventional Wisdom
on the Future of the World Economy
66
Generating green growth and
jobs in G8 countries
Supachai Panitchpakdi, secretary-general,
UN Conference on Trade and Development
102
Steve Charnovitz, George Washington University Law School
71
The contribution of the private
sector to education
Harry Anthony Patrinos, lead education economist, World Bank
76
Innovation and productivity in an age
of austerity: a role for ICTs
Start-ups: more than just a sideshow
Jonathan Ortmans, chair, Global Entrepreneurship Congress;
president, Global Entrepreneurship Week; senior fellow
at the Kauffman Foundation
84
Unlocking the potential for innovation
offered by ICTs
Jeffrey A Hart, Indiana University, United States
88
92
106
110
Financing democratic change in North Africa
Thomas Mirow, president, European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development
114
The contribution of social business
Muhammad Yunus, Yunus Centre
Food, Nutrition and Agriculture
116
Ensuring the world is fed
José Graziano da Silva, director general,
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
Ron Deibert, director, Citizen Lab and Canada Centre
for Global Security Studies, Munk School of Global Affairs,
University of Toronto, Canada
120
Development
122
Timothy E Wirth, president, United Nations Foundation;
member, United Nations secretary-general’s High-Level Group
on Sustainable Energy for All
The role of Asian Development Bank
in shaping the continent’s future
Haruhiko Kuroda, president, Asia Development Bank
Towards stewardship in cyberspace
Reaching the Millennium
Development Goals with energy
African infrastructure: foundation
for a continent’s growth
Lars H Thunell, executive vice president and CEO,
International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
David Crane, journalist
80
Harnessing investment for
sustainable development
Why the farmer should be put first
Kanayo F Nwanze, president, International Fund
for Agricultural Development
Unlocking the power of partnerships
for the world’s poor and hungry
Ertharin Cousin, executive director, World Food Programme
126
Continuing the progress in
global food production
Donald GM Coxe, chair, Coxe Advisor
G8 Camp david may 2012 | 9
contents
Health
130
Shared values, shared responsibility:
G8 and Africa’s response to AIDS
Michel Sidibé, executive director, UNAIDS
135
Investing in nutrition security is
key to sustainable development
Anthony Lake, executive director, UNICEF
142
The ‘O Generation’: tackling the
childhood obesity epidemic
Mirta Roses-Periago, director, Pan American Health Organization
147
Strengthening maternal, newborn
and child health: the next steps
Julio Frenk, chair, The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn &
Child Health; dean, Harvard School of Public Health
154
158
166
More than money: the business
contribution to global health
Miranda Schreurs, member, German Environment
Advisory Council (SRU)
170
Why nuclear energy still has a crucial role to play
Victoria V Panova, Department of International Relations and
Foreign Policy of Russia, MGIMO-University
174
North America as a global oil and gas power
Robert Johnston and Nitzan Goldberger, Eurasia Group
178
Energy security is of crucial importance for the G8
Maria van der Hoeven, executive director,
International Energy Agency
182
The G8 and great hopes for sustainable energy
Dries Lesage, Ghent Institute for
International Studies, Ghent University
Jeffrey L Sturchio, senior partner, Rabin Martin
186
A chance to open up a new front on
health, food and climate protection
Bolstering brain health makes perfect sense
Achim Steiner, United Nations under-secretary general;
executive director, United Nations Environment Programme
Vladimir Hachinski, president, World Federation of Neurology;
chair, Working Group, World Brain Alliance
Energy Security and Climate Change Control
162
Enhancing energy security:
lessons from Germany and Japan
Rio offers the chance to look at things differently
Dilma Rousseff, president, Brazil
Peace and Security
192
Ensuring security in the Middle East,
northeast Asia and worldwide
Lee Dong-hwi, Korean National Diplomatic Academy,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Republic of Korea
G8 Camp david may 2012 | 11
contents
194
197
Building the new Arab world
Hisham El Sherif, IT Ventures
After the Arab Spring: will
leaders lead leaders?
Lindsay Lloyd, Freedom Collection, George W Bush
Presidential Center, and Christopher Sands,
Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute
200
Reaching nuclear global zero:
a Japanese view on the G8’s role
Matake Kamiya, National Defence Academy of Japan
204
Finding a middle way to curb
Iran’s nuclear ambitions
Graham Allison, director, Belfer Center for Science and
International Affairs, Harvard University’s John F Kennedy
School of Government
206
Working to prevent nuclear
proliferation in the Gulf
David Shorr, The Stanley Foundation
208
Accountability, Innovation and Effectiveness
214
Nicholas Bayne, International Relations Department,
London School of Economics
216
218
220
Amandine Scherrer, OPIAS Consulting
12 | G8 Camp david may 2012
Do G8 summits make a real difference?
The open spiral: the ongoing moral
commitments of faith leaders
The Reverend Doctor Karen Hamilton, general secretary,
Canadian Council of Churches, and the Reverend Bud Heckman,
executive director, Religions for Peace – USA
222
Helping Afghanistan to make
the transition to peace
G8 action against terrorism and
transnational organised crime
African accountability on food and development
Archbishop Njongonkulu Ndungane,
president and founder of African Monitor
Marina Larionova, National Research University Higher School
of Economics, and Ella Kokotsis, G8 Research Group
The G8-BRICS relationship: moving from
competitive avoidance to cooperative engagement
Andrew F Cooper, University of Waterloo/Balsillie School
of International Affairs; distinguished fellow, the Centre for
International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Canada
Omar Samad, senior Afghanistan expert, United States
Institute of Peace; former ambassador of Afghanistan to
France and Canada
210
The Camp David Summit offers
a special opportunity
224
Leaders’ profiles
226
Sponsors’ index
health
Strengthening maternal, newborn
and child health: the next steps
How G8 leaders can strengthen global commitment
to worldwide health goals and improve the chances
of those most vulnerable to preventable disease
By Julio Frenk, chair, The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health;
dean, Harvard School of Public Health
W
hen the G8 leaders gather
at the US presidential
retreat of Camp David
in May, it will mark
their third summit
since the 2010 Canadian Summit, where
the historic $5 billion Muskoka Initiative
on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
(MNCH) was launched.
Last year, during the G8 Deauville
Summit in France, I referred to Muskoka
as ‘a game-changer in terms of donor
commitments’ to save the lives and improve
the health of pregnant women, newborns
and children under five – the three groups
most vulnerable to preventable disease.
The Deauville Summit focused on the
accountability of these commitments, which
is critically important to ensure that the
necessary momentum and progress are
maintained. It took place at the same time
as the Commission on Information and
Accountability for Women’s and Children’s
Health was completing its work. The 10 clear
recommendations and 11 related indicators
that came out of the commission will allow
progress to be tracked year by year, alongside
the G8’s accountability process.
How can the G8 leaders at Camp David
continue to play a leadership role on the three
health-related Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs)? There are several opportunities that
could help maintain the high bar set by the
leaders in Muskoka for achieving the MDGs,
as well as other global health goals.
First, there is a need to strengthen the
growing global movement for women’s and
children’s health catalysed by the Muskoka
Initiative and by the Global Strategy for
Women’s and Children’s Health, which
was launched by United Nations secretarygeneral Ban Ki-moon. Global health is about
recognising the interlinked nature of health
challenges across the globe. Those who fall
outside current systems must be able to share
The direct global cost of child
malnutrition has been put
at between $20 billion and
$40 billion each year
G8 Camp david may 2012 | 147
health
the benefits of available resources, including
knowledge. The Every Woman, Every Child
initiative, a campaign accompanying the
Global Strategy, continues to galvanise new
commitments and, importantly, to focus
on concrete action in this area.
Second, health priorities and strategies
must be integrated to maximise efficiency
and impact. The global community tends
to fragment the health and development
agendas as if they are unconnected, competing
priorities. On the contrary: they are deeply
connected, especially from the perspective
of the women and their families who are
affected by them every day. For instance:
• One in every five maternal deaths
is related to HIV;
• Malaria is one of the leading causes
of child mortality;
• Nutrition and non-communicable diseases
(NCDs) are closely interlinked with
women’s and children’s health and with
socioeconomic development.
This integration is required not only
within the health sector, but also across other
development sectors, through improving
access to women’s education, clean water and
sanitation, through promoting food security
and sustainable development and through
ensuring participation in labour markets.
barrier to sustainable economic growth
and development must be recognised.
Malnutrition leads to losses in gross domestic
product by poor countries of as much as
three per cent each year. Adults affected by
malnutrition earn almost 20 per cent less
than their non-affected counterparts. It is
estimated that the direct global cost of child
malnutrition is between $20 billion and
$40 billion each year.
Health means wealth
Everyone recognises that the health of
populations contributes to the wealth of
nations. But there must be a commitment
to strategies that acknowledge that fact.
Finally, there is a need for greater
accountability. When the MDGs were adopted
in 2000, it marked the first time in UN history
that every country in the world accepted
accountability on a set of mutually agreed
goals, targets and measures. In 2010, the
Muskoka Initiative set clear goals for MNCH
with an accountability framework. Moreover,
accountability is one of the pillars of the
Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s
Health. This will help produce lessons for
other areas of global health and development.
In March, The Partnership for Maternal,
Newborn and Child Health joined with
three other leading global health partnerships
The importance of addressing malnutrition as a determinant
of health, a marker of social inequities and a barrier to
sustainable economic development must be recognised
Third, the case must be made that women’s
and children’s health is not merely an
expense. It is an investment that contributes
to future economic growth and sustainable
development. Examples include:
• A background study to the Commission
on Macroeconomics and Health found
that as much as 50 per cent of East Asia’s
impressive growth from 1965 to 1990
could be attributed to reduced infant
and child mortality, lower fertility rates
and improved reproductive health;
• A study by the US Agency for
International Development (USAID)
found that maternal and newborn
mortality and morbidity lead to
$15 billion in lost productivity
every year;
• Reducing malnutrition can increase
an individual’s lifetime earnings by up
to 10 per cent, and well-nourished
children are less susceptible to disease
and illness, thus lowering healthcare costs.
The importance of addressing malnutrition
as a determinant of health, a marker
of social inequities and an underlying
150 | G8 Camp david may 2012
– the GAVI Alliance, the Global Fund to
Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and
the Global Polio Eradication Initiative –
to send an open letter to G8 leaders asking
for the inclusion of a specific statement
of commitment for global health in the
2012 G8 Camp David Declaration and
Accountability Report. The request
was worded as follows:
‘We acknowledge the need for continuing
efforts to improve the health of women
and children, especially in least-developed
countries. Through the continued
implementation of our Muskoka Initiative, we
stand behind our commitment to Millennium
Development Goals 4 and 5, and urge
greater accountability and action through
the full implementation of recommendations
by the Commission on Information and
Accountability for Women’s and Children’s
Health in support of the Global Strategy for
Women’s and Children’s Health, launched
by the UN secretary-general in 2010. This
includes addressing key needs, such as more
support for family planning, as well as greater
food security and better nutrition for pregnant
women and children.’ 
health
Maternal and newborn mortality and
morbidity lead to $15 billion in lost
productivity every year, according to the
US Agency for International Development
G8 Camp david may 2012 | 151