Proceedings of
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY,
Telangana University
(A State University Established under the Act No.28 of 2006, A.P.
Recognized by UGC under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC Act 1956)
Accredited with B Grade by NAAC
Dichpally, Nizamabad, T.S.
International E – Publication
www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in
Proceedingsof National Seminar on
MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR BETTER HUMAN HEALTH
January 28 -29, 2016
SPONSORED BY
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi,
Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi
Telangana State Council of Higher Education, Hyderabad
Organized By
Department of Botany,
Telangana University
(A State University Established under the Act No.28 of 2006, A.P.
Recognized by UGC under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC Act 1956)
Accredited with B Grade by NAAC
Dichpally, Nizamabad, T.S.
Editors
Prof. B. Vidya Vardhini
Professor and Head,
Dept. of Botany, Telangana University
Dr. Ahmed Abdul Haleem Khan
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Botany, Telangana University
2016
International E - Publication
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ISBN:978-93-84659-27-1
Proceedings of National Seminar on
Medicinal Plants For Better Human Health
iii
PREFACE
The department of Botany started when the University was established in the year
2006. The Knowledge of the plants has always played a key role for mankind and their
development since ages. Botany deals with classification, anatomy, physiology and
biochemistry and even the molecular biology of the plants and their important role in human
life. Botany is course that gives insight about the importance of plants; it has several
branches, which deal with basics as well as applied aspects to meet the demand of scientific
necessities of contemporary world.
We are organizing a 2-Day National Seminar entitled “Medicinal Plants for Better
Human Health” sponsored byTelangana State Council of Higher Education (TSCHE), Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi and SERB (Science and Engineering
Research Board), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India on 28-29 Jan
2016.
The two day event includes an inaugural session, 4 plenary sessions and a valedictory
session. Each plenary session includes two lectures and will be chaired by the faculty of the
university. The two day National Conference will commence on 28 th January around 10:00
am, the Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor, Shri C. Parthasarathi (IAS) will be the Chief Guest and
the Dynamic Registrar Prof. R. Limbadri will be the Guest of Honour.
Plenary Session–I: Dr. B. Dinesh Kumar, Dr. Sudhakar Reddy
Plenary session-II: Prof. K. Satya Prasad, Prof. S. Seeta Ram Rao,Prof. S. Jeelani
Plenary Session –III:Prof. Sahera Nasreen, Prof. K. Seshagirirao
Plenary Session –IV: Prof. Mohan Karupayil
In this National Event around 80 abstracts were received on the various aspects of
medicinal plants that are very helpful in human health viz., taxonomy of medicinal plants,
ethnomedicinal plants traditional knowledge on herbal medicines, extraction techniques for
medicinal and aromatic plants , conservation of medicinal plants , biotechnology of medicinal
plants, bioprospecting of medicinal plants for herbal drugs, bioactive lead molecules from
medicinal plants, phytotherapy, medicinal plants & nanomedicine etc. will be presented by
delegates coming from various universities.
We are grateful to the Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor, Shri C. Parthasarathi (IAS), for his moral
support in organizing this National Seminar. We are grateful to the Dynamic Registrar, Prof.
R. Limbadri, for his support. We are also grateful to Prof. Naseem, Dean, CDC,
Prof.
Y. Jaya Prakash Rao, Dean Faculty of Sciences and Prof. P. Kanakaiah, Principal,
University College for their consistent encouragement to the organizers.
We are also grateful to the Advisors, Members of the Executive Committee and Members of
the organizing committee for their constant help and support.
Prof. B. Vidya Vardhini
Convener
Dr. A. A. Haleem Khan
Organizing Secretary
International Science Community Association
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Proceedings of National Seminar on
Medicinal Plants For Better Human Health
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ABOUT THE SEMINAR
Our country has long history of traditional medicine used to treat several acute and
chronic diseases by herb practitioners in rural hamlets. These medicines are propagated
through cultural patrimony. Around the globe these medicines are common to treat ailments
and maintain human health. Medicinal plants are well known to be part of alternative
medicines popular among community based and self-supported health care. These plants
offer research areas of phytochemistry (characterized bioactive compounds), pharmacognosy
(assays of bioactivity, identification of mode of action and target sites for compounds), and
horticulture (develop the optimum growth in cultivars). The commercial drug manufacturers
investigate the bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities in the traditional
medicine. The low cost medicine used as folklore turns very expensive with brand name. The
drugs available in market today are prepared by gaining knowledge from the traditional
healing system.
The nutraceuticals with improved medicinal qualities are primary focus of research that could
benefit the health. The plants with nutritional value and without nutritional value are studied
to overcome acute or chronic health problems. The phytochemical constituents incorporated
in the nutraceuticals for health aid developed functional foods.
Hence this seminar will open avenues for deliberations, discussions and finally to formulate
idea among the young researchers who take medicinal plants as their research area. This
platform helps to gain access with eminent researchers from esteem institutes. The
understanding of igniting minds activates the community to realize and shoulder the
responsibilities for preservation of plant biodiversity. The students are expected to
disseminate the conservation message amongst the rural masses, countryside where there is
its dire need.
FOCAL THEMES OF THE SEMINAR
 Taxonomy of medicinal plants, Ethnomedicinal plants
 Traditional knowledge on herbal medicines
 Extraction Techniques for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
 Conservation of medicinal plants
 Biotechnology of medicinal plants
 Bioprospecting of medicinal plants for herbal drugs
 Bioactive lead molecules from medicinal plants
 Phytotherapy, Medicinal plants & Nanomedicine
International Science Community Association
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Proceedings of National Seminar on
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Contents
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Title, Authors & Affiliations
Safety Evaluation of Traditional Preparations
Dr. B. Dinesh Kumar,
Centre for Advanced Research for Pre-clinical toxicology (PCT) & Drug Toxicology Division
Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre
National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
Conspectus on Modern Medicinal Botany
Kottapalli Seshagirirao
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad,
Enhancement of quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal and aromatic plants by
brassinosteroids
S.Seeta Ram Rao*
Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Ayurveda Inspired Drug Discovery: Promises and Challenges
S. Mohan Karuppayil,
Professor, School of Life Sciences (UGC SAP and DST FIST Sponsored),
SRTM University, Nanded
Medicinal Plants-A Boon for Human Health
Sahera Nasreen
Department of Botany, P.G. and Research center, Government Institute of Science, Nipat Niranjan
nagar, Caves Road, Aurangabad-431004
Pharmacognostic Study of Herbal Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities
Prof. S. Jeelani
Director, Centre for Virtual Learning (CDVL), University of Hyderabad,
Remote sensing applications in Biodiversity and conservation
C. Sudhakar Reddy*
Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad
Exploration of ‘Mode of action’ of Phytochemicals as Antioxidants and Chelating agents
Dr. Y. Srinivasa Reddy, Dr. T. Manjula and Dr. B. Dinesh Kumar
Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre
National Institute of Nutrition
Pivotal Role of Medicinal Plants in Primary Healthcare of Human
M. Aruna
Dept. of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad
Next-Generation RNA Sequencing for Gene Discovery in Medicinally Important Plants
Praveen Mamidala
Department of Biotechnology, Telangana University, Nizamabad
Medicinal Plants for Better Human Health: Social Work Interventions
K. Rajeshwari
Department of Social Work, Telangana University, South Campus, Bhiknur
STEVIA: The alternative for sugar
A. Ravi Charan*, V. Prathap Reddy and Ranjit Nagireddy
PRR Biotech Innovations Pvt. Ltd.
Studies on Grass diversity of Karaikal District, U.T of Puducherry
K. Sambandan, N. Dhatchanamoorthy and S. Kalaivani
Department of Plant Science, AvvaiyarGovt College for Women, Karaikal, U.T of Puducherry
Role of Endophyitic actinomycetes from Medicinal Plants in Dharwad region
WaheedaKhanam and VootlaShyam Kumar
Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad580003, Karnataka
Bio-Plastics a Long Way to Solve Environment Pollution
A. Dharani
Dept. of Library Science, GDC (W), Srikalahasthi
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Efficiency of AgNPs in combined mode with drugs against pathogenic bacterial strains
Anima Nanda FNRS
Faculty of Bio & Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama University
Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai-600119, India
Traditional knowledge for Modern Medicine
K. Prasanna Rani*
Dept. of Law, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad
Biosynthesis Silver Nanoparticles from Syzygiumaramaticum and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Siddiqui A G, Awasthi R S
Dept. of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Dayanand Science College, Latur,
Principal, Shivaji College, Renapur, Dist: Latur
Standardization of Avarttani (HelicteresisoraLinn. Stem bark)-An Ayurvedic drug
J. Shashikanth, P. Ramachandra Reddy*
Plant Anatomy and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University College for Women,
Koti, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Evaluation of Regeneration Potential of Mature Seed Culture in an Anti-Diabetic Herbal Legume
Crop- Trigonellafoenum-graecumL.
Vikrant* and Karthiga, K.
Post-Graduate Department of Plant Science, Avvaiyar Government College for Women, Karaikal609 602, U.T. of Puducherry, India.
*Post-Graduate Department of Plant Science, Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College, New
Mahe
In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of various extracts of Canthiumcoromandelicum (Burm. F.) Alston
Priyadarshini S. Ekambe* and B. S. Surwase
School of Life Sciences, S. R. T. M. University, Nanded- 431606, Maharashtra, India.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity in different parts of Costusigneus(L.,)
Elizabeth Margaret*, Dr (Mrs.) Kalpana& Ms. Roja
Department of Botany, St. Ann’s College for Women, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad.
Isolation and Characterization of Anti-Alzheimer’s Compounds from Celastruspaniculatus
B. Nirmala Kumari and N.Sudhakar
1. Department of Zoology, GDC (W), Srikalahasthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
2. Department of Microbiology, GDC (W), Srikalahasthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
Detection and Identification of Pesticides in Fruits and Vegetables
SyedaAzeemUnnisa
Department of Environmental Science, University College of Science, Osmania University,
Hyderabad Telangana State, India
Herbal medicine: Parkinson's disease
G. Swathi, Dept. of Zoology, Government Degree & PG College, Srikalahasthi
Estimation of E&Z-guggulsterones and In vitro Propagation studies inCommiphorawightii (Arn.)
Bhandari
Ch. Mohan, D. Sreekanth, P. Manjula, B. Keerthi, B. Kiran Kumar and Prathibha Devi*
Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Center for Advance Studies in Botany,
Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, India.
Traditional knowledge on Indian herbal Medicine
S. Padmavathi,
Department of Botany, GDC, Nagari.
Airborne microfungi in rural environments of Puducherry region
Bijaya Kumar Nayak
Department of Botany, K. M. Centre for Post Graduate Studies (Autonomous),
Lawspet, Airport Road, Pondicherry-605008, India
Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Potential and Anti-cataract Activities of Selected Medicinal
Plants
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Dhole N. A.*, 2 Gacche R. N.
1
Digambarrao Bindu Arts, Commerce & Science College, Bhokar, Nanded-431801
2
School of Life Sciences, Swami RamanandTeerthMarathwada University, Nanded
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DNA – Welfare of Living Beings
Madhamanchi Pradeep,
Department of Biotechnology, Govt. Degree College (Men), Srikakulam
KatiraGond- Novel Natural Product
Srinivasa Reddy CH1, N V S SSatyadev T2, Manoranjani M2
1.Department of Botany, PB.Siddhartha College of A & S, Vijayawada
2.Department of Chemistry, P G Centre, PB.Siddhartha College of A & S, Vijayawada
Management of Fusarium Wilt by Botanical pesticides in Chilies- an important commercial cash
crop
E. Shravyapuri*, A. Sabitha Rani
Department of Botany, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad.
Micropropagation Studies on Stem Node Explants of CucumissativusL. A Medicinal Important
Plant
M. Venkateshwarlu
Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal
Free radicals-Phytomedicine
K. ChittiKalavathi,
Dept. of History, GDC, Nagari.
Preliminary screening of Endophytic fungi from Enicostemmaaxillare (Lam.) Raynal. for
antimicrobial activity
Yamilee Das*, Ujwala S. Deepake, G. Gyananath
School of Life Sciences, Swami RamanandTeerthMarathwada University,
Nanded-431606, Maharashtra, India.
Science Teacher Education: Nurturing Young Minds for Better Health
P. Samata&Pavan MNV
University College of Education, Telangana University
Observations on the Vegetation and Flora of Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Odisha
K. Chandramohan1*, P.V. Prasanna1& P. Ramachandra Reddy2
1
Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana-500048
2
Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Effects of Biofertilizers on Yield and Biochemical Parameters of Ashwagandha
(Withaniasomnifera)
D. Vijaya Lakshmi, T. Prabhakar Reddy, J. Kamalakar, and C. Padma Veni
KrishiVigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Nizamabad
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana.
Antifungal Activity of Some Important Medicinal Plants against Two Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Jalander, V., S. Prashanthi and M. Mamatha
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad
The Promise of Insulin Plant in Treatment of Diabetes
Syed AfzaluddinBiyabani*, Syed Raziuddin Faisal, Javed Akhtar Ansari
Department of PharmD, MESCO College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, TS.
Heavy metals in Herbal preparations
P. Manohar
Dept. of Zoology, SVA Govt. Degree College, Srikalahasthi.
Pollen analysis of honeys from Hukumpetamandal of Paderu forest division in Visakhapatnam
district
R. Devender and H. Ramakrishna*
Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Role of Coarse grains & Millets in Human Health– A Review
A.Poshadri, G. Praveen Kumar* and J.Sai Prasad
College of Food Science & Technology
*Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad.
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Finance Commitees for AYUSH
G. Padmavathy
Customer Support Officer, State Bank of India, Miryalaguda, Telangana
International Science Community Association
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Antifungal Effect of Some Weed Plant Leaf Extracts on Seed-borne Fungi of Pigeonpea [Cajanus
cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Seeds
Jalander, V. and B.D. Gachande*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad (T.S.)
*Botany Research Laboratory and Plant Disease Clinic, N.E.S. Science College, Nanded.
Organic Farming of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Hope for Quality Enhancement
T. Prabhakar Reddy, D. Vijaya Lakshmi, J. Kamalakar and Dr. B. Joseph
Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Pharmacological Profile of Indian Solid Gold (Curcumin)
Syed Raziuddin Faisal*, Syed AfzaluddinBiyabani, Javed Akhtar Ansari
Department of PharmD, MESCO College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, TS, India.
Remediation of heavy metals effect on stomata cells in Curcuma longa L.
Damera Vineeth1*, Chinna. Venkateshwar2 and SyedaAzeem Unnisa3*
Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Origin of Herbal medicine: A critical review
G. Tirumala Vasu Deva Rao,
Dept. of History, Government Degree College, Nagari
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Important Medicinal Plants
Jalander, V., A.A. Haleem Khan and B. VidyaVardhini
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad (T.S.)
Phytonutrient and Antioxidant Enzyme Studies in Phoenix Fresh Ripened Fruit
B.Thirupathi* and S. Gangadhar Rao.
Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Health Benefits of Green Tea
A. Srilakshmi,
Department of Computer Application, GDC (W), Srikalahasthi.
In vitro production of Spilanthol – A medicinally important secondary metabolite from hairy root
cultures of Spilanthesacmella
Hajera Sana* and A.Sabitha Rani
Dept. of Botany, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad
Phytochemical Investigation of Curcuma longa
M. Thejomoorthy
Dept. of Zoology, GDC, Rajahmundry
Medicinal Properties of Sapindaceae Family
Devaraju Srinivas, K. Jaganmohan Reddy*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad, (T. S.)
*Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal, (T. S.) India
In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virideagainst
Alternariaalternata, the leaf spot pathogen of Senna plant
NagamaniTagaram and Bhumi Narasimha Reddy
Department of Botany, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad.
Medicinal Value of Rice Land Races in India
N.Sandhyakishore*, G.Praveenkumar, M.Pallavi, T.Prabhakar Reddy, J.Kamalakar, FirdozShahana,
Y.Bharathi and B.Joseph
*Corresponding Author: N.Sandhyakishore, Scientist (Plant Breeding), Regional sugarcane and
Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad-503188.
Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Datura sp. Against Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. udum, Wilt Pathogen
of Pigeonpea [Cajanuscajan (L.) Millsp.].
Jalander, V. and B.D. Gachande*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad (T.S.)
*Botany Research Laboratory and Plant Disease Clinic, N.E.S. Science College, Nanded.
Azadirachtaindica The Medicinal Plant in Poultry Birds
Syeda Zainab,
Maulana Azaad College, Dr BAMU, Aurangabad. M.S.
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Phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-oxidant activity of Bacopamonnieri
M. Sharmila
Department of Zoology, GDC (W), Srikalahasthi.
Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Thevetiaperuviana(Pers.) K.
Schum
S. Thejaswi1* andM. Uma Devi2.
1
Department of Biochemistry, St Mary’s College, Hyderabad, Telangana.
2
Department of Biotechnology, Aurora College, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Medicinal flora described in Lalitāsahasranāmastothramand their significance
Devarinti Srihari Reddy,
Govt. Degree College, Ramannapet, Nalgonda
In vitro Propagation of Spine Gourd (Momordica dioica. Roxb.)
V. Prathap Reddy, A. Ravi Charan, Ranjit Kumar Nagireddy
PRR Biotech Innovations Pvt. Ltd.
In vitro regeneration from different explants of Costuspictus - an insulin plant
G.Sulakshana* and A.Sabitha Rani
Department of Botany, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyd.
Study of Ethnomedicinal Plants of Bheemgal region of Nizamabad District
T.Umakiran1 and M.Chandrakumar2
1. Department of Botany, Girraj Government College, Nizamabad.
2. Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Nirmal.
Medicinal Value of Rice Types for Human Health in India – A Review
G. Praveen Kumar, A. Poshadri*, N. Sandhyakishore and B. Joseph.
Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad.
*College of Food Science & Technology
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Plant Tissue Culture Studies on Cocciniaindica-A Vegetable Crop Plant
M. Venkateshwarlu(1) T.Ugendher(3) D.Srinivas(4)M.Nagaraju(1) P.Sreevani (2)and
B.Mallaiah(1)
(1)Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506009 T.S.
(2)Department of Physics, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506009 T.S.
(3)Department of Botany, S.R.R. PG College, Karimnagar – T.S. India
(4)Department of Botany, Telangana University, Nizamabad–T.S. India
Study of Medicinal Values and Health benefits of Mustard Plant
P. Latha1 and B. VidyaVardhini*2
1
Lecturer, Govt. Degree College, Armoor, Nizamabad, Telangana State
*2Dept. of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally-503322, Nizamabad
Plants of Adilabad Forest used by Hakim for the Treatment of Certain Diseases
Shaik Hafeez and J.Chapla
Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad.
Antibacterial Activity in Methanolic Leaves Extract of Madhucaindica L.
Yahya Khan and SaheraNasreen
Department of Botany, P.G. and Research Center, Government Institute of Science,
NipatNiranjan Nagar, Caves Road, Aurangabad -431004 (M.S.)
Impact of Sulphur dioxide on medicinal value of Cassiatora
T. Prasannarani1, D. U Gawai2
1
Dept. of Botany, Lal bahadur shastriMahavidyalaya, Dharmabad (M.S)
2
Dept. of Botany, Science College Nanded (M.S)
Medicinal plants used to cure amoebiasis in Khammam District of Telangana, India
Dr. RatnaManjula, R.
Dept. of Botany, Government Degree College, Rammannapet, Nalgonda
Medicinal plants used in the treatment of Diabetes by ethnic people of Nizamabad district,
Telangana, India
J. Vasudev and B. VidyaVardhini*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad
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A study on Ethno medicinal Values of Plants used by Koyas in Tadvai Mandal, Warangal District,
Telangana, India
K. Anuradha
Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Siddipet, Medak Dist.
Effect of Salicylic acid on the growth of Cotton grown in Nizamabad District
Y. Venkateshwarlu, B. VidyaVardhini
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally.Nizamabad. (TS)
Medicinal Plants of Nizamabad District with anti-diabetic potential
Gaddam Srinivas Reddy, T.VenugopalaSwamy*, S.Prashanthi**
Department of Zoology, Govt. Junior College for Boys, Nizamabad
*Department of Zoology, Girraj Govt College, Nizamabad
**Department of Botany, Telangana University
Medicinal values of Euphorbiaceae Family in Nizamabad District, Telangana State
S. Shireesha, Dr. A.A. Haleem Khan
Department of Botany, Telangana University,Dichpally, .Nizamabad. (TS)
Cultivation and Conservation of Medicinal Plants and Women Empowerment
M.Saraswathi, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Economics, G.D.C.(M), Nirmal, Adilabad.
Health Benefits of Withaniasomnifera L.
R. Rajakala, Dr. A.A. Haleem Khan
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally.Nizamabad. (TS)
Role of Traditional Medicine in Primary Health Care and TMK in Developing Countries
Sunil Kumar A
Department of Zoology, Girraj Government College (A), Nizamabad
Traditional uses and conservation of medicinal plants in Nizamabad district
E. Kiran, B. VidyaVardhini*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad
Exotic Floristic Diversity of the Nizamabad District, Telangana State, India
Vijigiri Dinesh
Department of Botany, Shri Renukadevi Arts, Commerce and Science College, Mahur, Nanded,
Maharashtra, India.
Study of Various Medicinal Benefits of Spirulina on Human beings
M. Srinivasa Rao1 and P. Latha2
1
Dept. of Microbiology Govt. Degree College, Armoor, Nizamabad, Telangana State
2
Dept. of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Armoor, Nizamabad, Telangana State
A study of locally available medicinal plants of Ananthagiri hills forest area and their role in
folklore medicine.
Dr.N.C. Sowjanya,
Dept. of Botany, Government City College (A), Hyderabad
Micropropagation, molecular profiling and RP-HPLC determination of Woodfordin C
&Woodfordin I across various regeneration stages of Woodfordiafruticosa (L.)Kurz
MahenderAileni
Dept. of Biotechnology, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad
Isolation and identification of some pathogenic fungi from different infected vegetables
DigambarS.Pawar and SaheraNasreen
Dept.of Botany, Government Institute of Science and Research Center, NipatNiranjannagar, Caves
road, Aurangabad-431004
Traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used in the treatment of mouth ulcers in rural villages of
Mahabubnagar District, Telangana, India.
P. Shivakumar Singh1, D.S.R. Rajender Singh2, G.M. Vidyasagar3
1
Department of Botany, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar-509001, Telangana, India.
2
Principal, Department of Botany, SV Govt. UG & PG College, Palem, Mahabubnagar,
3
Medicinal Plants and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Post Graduate Studies
and Research in Botany, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga –585 106, Karnataka
ABOUT EDITORS
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Safety Evaluation of Traditional Preparations
Dr. B. Dinesh Kumar,
Deputy Director Sr. Gr. (Scientist ’F’)
Coordinator –Centre for Advanced Research for Pre-clinical toxicology (PCT) &
HOD – Drug Toxicology Division
Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre
National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research
Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007
Email:nindinesh@rediffmail.com, nindineshpct@gmail.com
Phone No (Office): +91 (40) 2719 7322
The Ancient wisdom has been the basis of Modern medicine and will remain as one
important source of medicine and therapeutics. It is well known that traditional medicine
differ from country to country and region to region and is dependent on indigenous cultural
practices. Since one decade there is a growing demand of natural products as potential
preventive and therapeutic agents all over the world. Many international agencies especially
WHO has now recognized integrated system of medicine which includes Ayurveda, Unani
and Homeopathy to achieve health for all. It is therefore, necessary to generate the safety,
efficacy quality profile of drugs as per the regulatory guidelines.
The history of development of regulatory guidelines is a century old process and now become
mandatory after the alarming reports viz. diphtheria toxin epidemic in 1901, toxic effects due
to exposure of the addictive Drugs/Alcohol, Thalidomide catastrophe story in 1962 etc on the
safety of drugs. The development of guidelines for safety evaluation of any preparations is a
continuous process which is being developed from time to time by both National Agency
(Drug Controller General of India) and International Agencies (World Health Organisation
(WHO), Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), International
Conference of Harmonization (ICH), Food & Drug Administration U.S.A. (FDA)s etc.).
The pharmaceutical industries are now realizing the changing attitude of masses towards the
traditional/ indigenous/ natural preparations and are keen to promote such products having
beneficial health effects. In addition as per WTO agreements it is not enough to promote,
patent indigenous / traditional preparations, but get them tested for safety, efficacy etc. as per
the prescribed international guidelines for wider global acceptance.
The safety evaluation procedure especially for indigenous products is one of the prime
important areas for academia and industry.
Conspectus on Modern Medicinal Botany
Kottapalli Seshagirirao
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad,
Hyderabad – 500046, Telangana State
Medicinal Botany is (a neologism by Dr. K. Seshagirirao, University of Hyderabad,
India in 2005: Internet search with keywords: Medicinal Botany & Dr. K. Seshagirirao) the
subject deals with traditional and folk medicine practice with extended modern techniques
including pharmaceutical science based on the use of plants and plant extracts. The
bioinformatics related to this subject could be referred to as MedBotanics (Seshagirirao,
2005). The subject matters such as collection & storage of the plants (according to CITES,
IUCN, CBD & FAO), analysis both traditional & modern aspects, biochemical &
pharmaceutical analysis and the modern approaches would be discussed in this seminar.
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Enhancement of quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal and aromatic plants by
brassinosteroids
S.Seeta Ram Rao*
Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007.
*E-mail: ssrrao2002@rediffmail.com
Brassinosteroids are new generation plant hormones with growth promoting nature.
Brassinosteroids are known to influence varied growth and developmental process in plants.
The improvement of economic yield of cereals, vegetables, oil seed crops and fruit crops is
well established. The papers discuss the importance of the brassinosteroids on the
performance of certain medicinal and aromatic plants with special emphasis on
pharmaceutically active substances.
Exogenous application of brassinosteroids substantially improved the growth of rose-scented
geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Further there was significant rise in geroniol content
and decrease in citranellol content reflecting the improvement of economic value of the
aromatic acid. Similarly, brassinosteroid-feeding resulted is increase in tuber yield of Coleus
(Coleus forskohlii). Further there was steep increase in forskolin, the pharmaceutically
important ingredient in Coleus. Brassinosteroid application also resulted in improvement of
root yield in ashwagandha (Withania somnifera). The growth promotion further translated in
enhancement in the content of withaferin-A, the praised ingrediant of the plant.
Brassinosteroid treatment as foliar spray caused impressive growth of Tinospora cordifolia as
well as increase in total alkaloid content. Moreover aqueous extracts of brassinosteroid
treated Tinospora plants exhibited higher antioxidant activity as compared to untreated
control plants. Brassinosteroids also helped in acclimatization of pepper (Piper nigrum) in
semi arid tropics, which is native humid region indicating the conference of habitat finless
Ayurveda Inspired Drug Discovery: Promises and Challenges
S. Mohan Karuppayil,
Professor, School of Life Sciences (UGC SAP and DST FIST Sponsored),
SRTM University (NAAC Acredited with A Grade), Nanded. MS. 431606
prof.karuppayil@gmail.com.
Mobile: 09764386253
Our country is endowed with a rich biodiversity of medicinal plants. As such we are in an
advantageous position for medicinal plant based drug discovery. In addition we have various
codified as well as non-codified systems of medicine practiced in our country. Our traditional
systems of medicine like ayurveda, siddha and unani and the systems practiced by vaidyas,
shamans and tribals heavily rely on plants. Ayurveda which has its origin in Atharva Veda
and has a history of at least five thousand years of use in health care. Even though ayurveda
is often referred as a complimentary system of medicine in the western world, for us
ayurveda is the mainstream system of medicine available to around seventy percentage of our
people. There is a global re-emergence of interest in ayurveda considering its time tested
efficacy against a variety of human diseases. Ayurveda has inspired many a drugs used in
current day medicine. These include medicines for, diabetes, chlosterol lowering drugs,
antioxidants, drugs for vitilago, cancer, arthritis to site a few. The traditional texts on
ayurveda like Charaka, Susruta,Vagbhataetc. are important sources. Tremendous scope exists
for pharmacological, clinical, biochemical and molecular studies to validate the claims of the
drugs as per ayurveda. Many well-known drugs of ayurveda are validated and most of the
time the experiments reconfirm the traditional claims. While investigating these drugs
scientists have faced with a number of challenges. Since the ayurveda texts were written
centuries ago in Sanskrit language one has to be careful in ascertaining the identity of the
plants. It is important to understand the nomenclature dynamics of ayurveda. The language of
ayurveda which is quite different from that of modern life sciences needs to be understood.
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The promises and the challenges faced by the scientists and present day physicians are
discussed in this talk.
Medicinal Plants-A Boon for Human Health
Sahera Nasreen
Department of Botany, P.G. and Research center, Government Institute of Science,
Nipat Niranjan nagar,Caves Road,Aurangabad-431004
The conservation of medicinal plants and wealth of Vedic knowledge for the present
day, clinical management medicinal plants used by ethic tribes of immigrant Muslims in the
Bhramaputra valley of Assam, by people of Uttranchal, by North eastern sub Himalayan
forest and Meena tribes of Jaipur district provides comprehensive account of different aspects
of their utilization and conservation. Mineral nutrition of medicinal plants and treatment of
Hyper lipidimea and nutraceuticals and herbal drugs are one of the important sources. The
physiological active alkaloids such as morphine and codine from opium strychnine, quinine
from cinchona sp. Colchine, from colchicum sps, were isolated from these medicinal plant
which are very active principle saved to validate the claims of the human health as
therapeutic agents is the form of drugs .These drugs are safer with no side effects as the
natural products.
As these medicinal plants have the active principle of the organic compounds such as
terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates alkaloids, lignans, fatty acids, and other organic acids
etc. There are formulated generally used as water soluble salts of pure alkaloids, Gutika, or
vati (dill) capsule, Arista or Asava (medicinal wine) Kwatha (decoction) Tincture (alcohol
extract), Lepa (paste), Choorma (powder) and sarbat (Syrup). Thereforesome commonly
available medicinal plants were studied and will be discussed with the application. Because
of this the demand of such natural, holistic eco-environ friendly and herbal based therapeutics
are increasing day-by-day. On the other hand there is tremendous scope of earning foreign
exchange and earning in the indigenous market.
The plant scientists have a role in increasing these products in the rural /forest areas by way
of using their expertise
Keywords- Herbal drugs, Secondary metabolites, bioactive components, therapeutics.
Pharmacognostic Study of Herbal Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities
Prof. S. Jeelani
Director, Centre for Virtual Learning (CDVL), University of Hyderabad,
Golden threshold city campus, Abids, Hyderabad
Importance for the usage of alternative herbal medicine is growing every year. The WHO
defined herbal medicine as comprising therapeutic practices that have been in existence for
hundreds of years. Herbal medicines are in great demand in the developed countries and also
in developed Nations, for primary health care not just because they are less expensive but for
their cultural acceptability and compatibility with the human body. There is also a feeling
that herbal medicine will have very minimal side effects, at the same time there are many
challenges with the herbal drugs like herbal drugs are not being subjected to drug approval
process for their safety and effectiveness. The herbal medicines are used as a dietary product
in the developed Nations. The chemical constituent present in these medicines are, the part
of physiological functions of the living fluorescence and are believed to have better
compatibility with human body. The ancient literature also mentions that herbal medicines
are very much used for age related diseases like memory loss, arthritis, diabetes, wounds,
liver disorder, immunity, vitality and strengthening of the muscles. Since herbal medicines
are popularly used more than 70% of world population in the developing countries, these
drugs are under different process of various pharmacognistic, standardization and also
vigorous method of scientific and clinical applications must be applied before they come into
the market.
Thus in the present paper it is discussed about the pharmacognistic
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standardization techniques for undertaking the quality standards of the herbal drugs. It has
also discussed on the wide opportunities available with regard to the herbal medicine not only
in the day to day primary health care but for also for the communal expert at the global level.
A few challenges were also discussed about the regulatory mechanism, quality standards in
this paper.
Key Words: - Pharmacognosy, herbal standardization.
Remote sensing applications in Biodiversity and conservation
C. Sudhakar Reddy*
Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad500037, India
*Email: drsudhakarreddy@gmail.com
Biodiversity is expressed at different levels - genetic, species and ecosystem level.
Information on forest type, forest fragmentation, disturbance and biodiversity richness stands
as primary source for effective conservation. Ground methods have limitations as whole area
cannot be accessed in one go in many of the cases. The biodiversity needs to be surveyed,
mapped, monitored and quantified. Estimates shows globally 53,000 species are medicinal.
About 10,000 species of medicinal plants are endangered. 99% of medicinal plants are
distributed in forests. Medicinal plant conservation may accomplish the biodiversity
conservation as a whole.Species-level conservation will never meet the desired outcome,
unless we conserve the ecosystems.
Remote sensing, the science of obtaining information via non contact recording, has swept
the fields of biodiversity, forestry, ecology and conservation. Remote sensing and Geographic
Information System can be used as important tools separately or in combination for studying
biodiversity at various temporal and spatial scales. The direct remote sensing approach refers
to the observation of individual organisms, species assemblages or ecological communities
from high spatial resolution and hyperspectral sensors. Indirect approaches rely on
environmental parameters derived from remotely sensed data as proxies. Habitat parameters,
such as vegetation type and forest canopy density are the primary spatial layers generated
from satellite data. Using this information in conjunction with landscape spatial analysis,
field data, bioclimate, preparation of different kinds of maps related to wildlife habitat,
species richness, vegetation index, fragmentation, disturbance index, species composition,
species vulnerability and distribution is possible. This spatial database stands as baseline
forhabitat suitability assessment, prioritization for micro scale habitat studies, corridor
connectivity and planning. Deforestation, biological invasion and forest fires are emerged as
major biodiversity issues. Current rate of deforestation and disturbances can be monitored
using multi-temporal satellite data. A geospatial approach through analysis of cumulative
anthropogenic threats helps in red listing of ecosystems for conservation prioritization of
biodiversity.
Exploration of ‘Mode of action’ of Phytochemicals as Antioxidants and Chelating
agents
Dr. Y. Srinivasa Reddy, Dr. T. Manjula and Dr. B. Dinesh Kumar
Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre
National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research
Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007
Email: ysrinur@yahoo.com; Phone (O): +91 (40) 2719 7291
The constituents of traditional preparations have known various active principles. It is
essential to evaluate the activity of such traditional preparations and/or phytochemicals as
potential therapeutic agents. We aimed to assess i). antioxidant activity of Rasna panchaka
using serum free explants culture system; ii). thiamine as heavy metal chelating agent with a
battery of test.
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The antioxidant activity of water (4212) and water + methanol (4308) extracts (1 -10
µg/ml) of Rasna panchaka were evaluated using mouse liver ex-plant cultures. The dosage of
test compound was optimized up to 24 hours followed by assessing superoxide dismutase
(SOD), Catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malonaldialdehyde (MDA) levels. Thiamine
chelation effect and mechanism against Pb toxicity evaluated using in vitro experiments such
as UV-Vis, Fluorescence spectrophotometric and solubility studies.
The liver ex plant culture system suggests that the cellular architecture was well
conserved up to initial 6h with gradual display of specific changes in the next 24h. There was
a significant increase in MDA levels with reduced SOD and catalase levels in experimental
groups indicating the oxidative stress induction in explants. Whereas, explants showed
significant protection against oxidative stress when incubated with extracts at the dose of
2µg/ml. The battery of in vitro studies suggests that chelation potential of thiamine is
mediated by “Pyrimidine ring”.
These results concludes that Rasna panchaka is a potential antioxidant further the
hydro-alcoholic extract have shown superior activity than traditional water extract.
Pyrimidine ring mediated chelation might be the mechanism of ‘preventing action’ of
thiamine against Pb toxicity.
Pivotal Role of MedicinalPlants in Primary Healthcare of Human
M. Aruna
Dept. of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad -503 322, Telangana. INDIA
Plants are a vital component of the World’s biodiversity and essential resource for
human well-being. Besides sustenance, the plants have been used as therapeutic aid for
alleviating human ailments from ancient times. Such plants commonly referred to as
medicinal plants have been one of the valuable tools in the traditional system of medicine and
are known to produce ingredients for formulation of new medicines in pharmaceutical
industry. W.H.O (World Health Organization) has listed over 21,000 species of plants to be
of medicinal use around the World. More than 60% of the World’s human population
depends on medicine derived from plants.
Medicinal plants play a key role in human health care from ancient period. These
plants have been used over the millennia for human welfare in promotion of health. This
relationship between man and environment continues even today, as large numbers of people
of developing countries are still living in rural areas. WHO estimated that 80% of the people
living in developing countries are almost completely dependent on traditional medicine.
India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is called as ‘Botanical Garden’ of
the World. In India traditional communities like tribal and rural people are frequently using
crude extracts of local plants for medicine and other purpose.
Plants consist of number of biologically active chemical compounds, which are
formed during normal metabolic process. These chemicals are referred to as secondary
metabolites of which there are several classes including alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins,
glycosides, polysaccharides, phenols, tannins, terpenes and terpenoids. Secondary
metabolites are known to exhibit numerous biological activities that promote health effects.
Medicinal value of plants is due to the presence of a substance or substances present in its
tissue which produces a physiological action on the body. Most important of them are
alkaloids, compounds of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. Glucosides, essential oils,
fatty oils, resins, mucilages, tannins and gums are all utilized. Some of these are poisonous;
hence the preparation and administering of them should be entirely supervised by physicians.
Based on the habit, plants can be classified as trees, shrubs and herbs. Different parts of the
plant either as a whole plant, roots, stem, bark, leaves, fruits, bark flowers and seeds may
possess medicinal value and is administered either in the form of a tablet, grinded as powder
or paste and is used for treatment of numerous diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, skin
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infections, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, insomnia, jaundice, fever, cold, menstrual pain,
uterine disorder, ulcer, hyperglycemia, leukaemia and cancer
Knowledge of usage of traditional medicine by ethnic communities is not only useful
for conservation of culture, traditional values but also play an important role in health care of
community and drug development in present and future.
A floristic survey of Botanical garden of Telangana University campus was carried out
during 2014-2015 and plants of medicinal importance were identified and labelled. In the
present work it is intended to discuss the medicinal properties of plants enlisted along with
their applications in ailment of various diseases in human.
Next-Generation RNA Sequencing for Gene Discovery in Medicinally Important Plants
Praveen Mamidala
Department of Biotechnology, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana – 503322
E-mail: pmamidala@gmail.com
Plants are an abundant source of medicinal compounds and till date research on plant-derived
medicinal products has traditionally been led by chemists and phytochemists. However, as
the association between secondary metabolites and genes those encode proteins involved in
their production remains elusive. Medicinal plants, which produce different classes of natural
products, cover a wide range of plant taxa and most of them have only limited
transcriptomics and/or genomic data. Transcriptomics (complete snapshot of all the
transcripts at a given time) in a particular tissue or organism has been transformed with the
introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms such as 454 pyrosequencing
(Roche Diagnostics), Illumina Solexa sequencing (Illumina, Inc.), SoLiD (Applied
Biosystems), etc. Particularly in non-model organisms, NGS has revolutionized genomic
research through RNA sequencing, wherein little to no molecular knowledge exists. The
molecular resources (expressed sequence tags, ESTs) developed from these NGS platforms
allow to identify novel genes and quantify rare transcripts without prior knowledge of a
particular gene. Further, NGS platforms facilitate single nucleotide polymorphism discovery
(molecular markers), mutation mapping, identifying transcripts resulting from alternative
splicing, etc. Very particularly, the organ-specific gene expression using NGS platforms have
made us to better understand in vivo biological processes and the unprecedented quantity of
transcriptomic data has enabled biologists to examine several genes involved in secondary
metabolism of plants.
Keywords: RNA Sequencing; Next Generation Sequencing Platforms; Pyrosequencing;
Illumina; Transcriptome.
Medicinal Plants for Better Human Health: Social Work Interventions
K. Rajeshwari
Department of Social Work, Telangana University, South Campus, Bhiknur,
Nizamabad.drkrsocialworktu@gmail.com
Key Words: Medicinal Plants, Human Health, KAP-Knowledge, Attitude and Practice and
Social Work Interventions.
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1946). The Definition has not been amended since
1948. Medicinal plant is any plant whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or plant part is used for
therapeutic, tonic, purgative, or other health-promoting purposes.
Health is a resource for everyday life, not the object of living, and is a positive concept
emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities. Health is a
fundamental human right, recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
It is also an essential component of development, vital to a nation's economic growth and
internal stability.
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Modern day stressful life-style has led to a rise in life-style diseases all over the world. It has
been realized that no single system of medicine can address the health care needs of modern
society. Around 65-70% of the population in rural India use traditional system of medicine.
One of the Goals of National Health Policy 2002 in India is to increase access to tried and
tested systems of traditional medicine. India has rich tradition of medicinal wisdom coupled
with its strong capability in modern medicine.
The Ministry of AYUSH was formed with effect from 9 November, 2014. The Department of
Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy, abbreviated as AYUSH,
is a governmental body in India with and aim of developing education and research in (Indian
traditional medicine). Ayush is also a common Hindu given name, derived from Sanskrit,
meaning "Long-life". Long life with Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Medicinal
Plants is one such Alternative Medicine.
In order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of 2015 and National Health Policy
goals in India, it is important to know about the Social Work Interventions. Social Work
Interventions like Social Case Work, Social Group Work, Community Organisation, Social
Work Research, Social Work Administration and Social Action help in improving the
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) towards use of Medicinal Plants for Better Human
Health. It is the Professional Social Worker who has to study the (KAP) regarding Medicinal
Plants and also (KAP) on Better Human Health. It is an integrated approach of a Plant
Scientist and Social Scientist.
STEVIA: The alternative for sugar
A. Ravi Charan*, V. Prathap Reddy and Ranjit Nagireddy
PRR Biotech Innovations Pvt. Ltd.
Stevia is the only internationally recognized zero calorie natural high sweeteners with
Medicinal and Nutritional properties. It is well known that Air, Water, Food and Stress are
the basic sources for the multiplication of harmful bacteria in the Human body leading to
almost all the Diseases. Going back to 327 BC, the people in India used raw sugar as
sweetener. Since then, humans have acquired taste for sugar. Sugars are carbohydrates and
are the foundation of our food chain. Sugars includes: Glucose (dextrose or blood sugars),
Fructose (levulose or fruit sugars), Galactose (occurs only in milk) (1, 2). Our body becomes
addicted to the sweetness but it has become a danger to our bodies, sugar can “attack” our
white blood cells which are our bodies defense system against Diseases. The white blood
cells are formerly known as Phagocytes. Two teaspoons of sugar can reduce Phagocytes
strength by 25%. Intake of large portions of sugar can make our Immune system 100%
helpless. We call this as “sugar rush”. This amount of sugar intake can be a trap for a cold,
Diabetes, Obesity, Arthritis, damage of collagen (cause wrinkles), sometimes even cancer (4).
A positive outlook on a sugar substitutes are that more natural forms of sugar substitute are
now available instead of package of artificial sweeteners. A product that is well on its way
to become a popular sweetener on the market is Stevia. Stevia is an ideal sweetener in
place of cane sugar because of natural sweetener and specifically for those in pursuit of
Health. Stevia is approved by World Health Organization (WHO), World Food and
Agricultural Organization (FAO) (3) and USA Food and Drug Authority (FDA) (5). Stevia
leaves contains a number of important Nutrients and Flavonoids that are lacking in many of
the foods we eat which are vital to various glands and organs of the body to function
correctly, with precision and balance. It can be used as a sweetener in various preparations
i.e. hot and cold beverages, food, bakery, sweets, ice creams, energy drinks etc.
Stevia is the only safest alternative and essential for Diabetes and widely proven for Obesity,
Constipation, Mouth diseases, Heart, Blood pressure, Dental/Gums, Skin/Allergies/Psoriasis,
Hair care, Cold/viral, Asthma, Women complaints, Tumors/Injuries, Arthritis, Rheumatism,
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Cancers, Urinary /Kidney infections (6, 7). We have developed some techniques in Stevia
cultivation by using natural organic materials.
Studies on Grass diversity of Karaikal District, U.T of Puducherry
K. Sambandan, N. Dhatchanamoorthy and S. Kalaivani
Department of Plant Science, Avvaiyar Govt College for Women, Karaikal, U.T of
Puducherry
Email: sambandhan@gmail.com
The grass family Poaceae is one of the most important families to mankind. Grasses occur in
virtually every terrestrial habitat, cover as much as one-fifth of the Earth’s land
surface. The cereals, sugarcane, bamboos and forage and weedy grasses are of great
importance in human economy. They are directly consumed as food by human beings or
indirectly through the animal products. The grass family includes approximately 11,000
species in over 700 genera at global level. India is having 240 genera and 1,200 species of
grasses. The present work was carried out the exploration and documentation of species
composition of grasses and its distribution in the Karaikal district. In the present study, Sixty
two grass plant species belonging to 42 genera were recorded during the study period. Genus
wise analysis of Poaceae shows Eragrostis with 5 species followed by Aristida, Brachiaria
and Panicum with three species each and Chloris, Cynodon, Digitaria, Echinochloa,
Ichaemum, Leptochola, Paspalidium, Paspalum and Sporobolus with two species each.
Twenty eight genera of Poaceae are represented by single species in the present study. Most
of the genera represented in this study are mainly tropical in distribution. Twenty five grasses
are flowering and fruiting period extended throughout the year followed by 21 grass species
flowering and fruiting only in winter and rainy months where as 15 grass species fruiting and
flowering fall only during summer months. Among the 60 grass plant species, 53 plant
species are commonly available in the district whereas 4 plant species are less common and 5
plants are rarely available in the district. The anthropogenic activities like over-grazing, overexploitation of natural resources, human habitation, invasion of alien species, urbanization
and industrialization activities were highly threatening the valuable grasses in the district.
There is an immediate need of conservation activities to preserve the valuable grass genetic
resources for sustainable utilization for the future generation.
Role of Endophyitic actinomycetes from Medicinal Plants in Dharwad region
Waheeda Khanam and Vootla Shyam Kumar
Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University,
Dharwad-580003, Karnataka
Endophytic microorganisms and plants have developed good information transfer, leading to
the hypothesis that plants with an ethanobotanical history are more potent sources of
endophytes producing active natural products than other plants. Endophytes are
microorganisms that, for the whole part of their life history, live inside plant tissues without
causing immediate overt negative effects as a result of these long hand associations.
Medicinal plants are a precious source of endophytic microbes which possess abundant
biological and chemical diversity. These endophytes not only make the same bioactive
compounds originally from their host plants but also have the ability to produce more novel
chemicals with potent bioactivities. They have become a rich source of natural products,
which some of them could be used as new drug candidates and agrochemicals. Therefore, it is
very important to pay more attention on the studies of biology and chemistry of endophytes
from medicinal plants. Actinomycetes are the main source of antibiotics and endophytic
actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plants has considerable development potential. From
the present findings, some new actinomycetes from tissue of medicinal plants have been
founded constantly. Moreover, most endophytic actinomycetes of medicinal plants can
produce important compounds and some of them are new chemical structure. The scope for
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screening new endophytic microorganisms among myriads of plant ecosystems is very much
appealing. Endophytic actinomycetes from ethnobotanical plant Ocimum basilicum in
Karnatak University, Dharwad were isolated. Medicinal plants are of significant interest as
the producer of important bioactive compounds by endophytic microorganisms. A novel
method of surface sterilization and standardization of media for isolating endophytic
actinomycetes from Ocimum basilicum yielded 32 isolates of which 10 isolates were
identified based on their morphological and phenotypical characters. Starch casein agar
amongst the media and surface sterilization method using calcium hypochlorite, sodium azide
and sodium hydrogen carbonate was proved to be effective for surface sterilization.
Bio-Plastics a Long Way to Solve Environment Pollution
A. Dharani
Dept. of Library Science, GDC (W), Srikalahasthi
Now-a-days plastic is more common in human life, but it shows negative effect on
humans and wildlife and it takes more and more time to degrade. Industrial growth,
urbanization, wrong agricultural practices etc., are responsible for pollution and loss of
environmental quality. Nature's built-in mechanisms and self-regulation ability cannot
tackle novel pollutants since nature is unfamiliar to it. Phthalates, Bisphenol-A are the
toxic compounds released from plastic waste and over dose of these compounds may
cause ulcers, cancer and also shows effect on reproductive system in humans. We will
have to remain in tune with the nature and exploit its balancing capacities to ultimately
make our environment comfortable. Bio-plastics are one such reality which can help us
to overcome the problem of pollution caused by plastics. It can be used for manufacture
of variety of containers, articles and packaging material which otherwise are produced
by using non-degradable plastics. There is a lot of research going on to develop bioplastics which can economically replace conventional plastics.
Efficiency of AgNPs in combined mode with drugs against pathogenic bacterial strains
Anima Nanda FNRS
Faculty of Bio & Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama University
Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai-600119, India
Development of nanomedicine to fight against drug resistant bacteria, the present study was
an attempt to carry out a comparative analysis of the extracellular biosynthesis of silver
nanoparticles from different Penicillium species obtained from wild and MTCC cultures and
was processed for their antibiotic efficacy on its own and with other antibiotics against
pathogenic clinical bacteria. Characterization by UV- spectrophotometer showed that the
nanoparticles have the absorption peaks in between 410- 439nm, which are specific for the
silver nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the
presence of proteins, molecules and functional groups in the nanoparticles formed, which
were found responsible for the stabilization of the nanoparticles as capping agents. Field
Emission Electron Microscopy (FESEM) confirmed the nanoparticles are spherical and are
well dispersed. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis showed the agglomeration of
nanoparticles and determined the average roughness and confirmed the data of FESEM. XRD
analysis showed the metallic nature of the nanoparticles and their face was cubic centered.
Silver nanoparticles synthesized from all the ten Penicillium spp were checked for their
antibacterial activity against clinically isolated bacterial pathogens and found perfection. The
efficiency of drugs was remarkably enhanced with their antibacterial properties when
combined with silver nanoparticles against the bacteria studied. P. glabrum wasalso found
with good anticancer activity against A-549 lung cancer cell line during our present study.
Key words: Nanomedicine, AgNPs, AFM, FESEM, XRD, Wild and MTCC cultures
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Traditional knowledge for Modern Medicine
K. Prasanna Rani*
Dept. of Law, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad.
“When an elder dies a Library Burns”
This statement is ever truth for all subjects irrespective of Race or Religion, Caste or
Complexion and Place and Philosophy.
It is a fact that for time immemorial people have healed with herbal or animal derived
remedies, using knowledge handed down through generations.
In Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East, 70-95 per cent of the population still use
traditional medicine (TM) for primary healthcare. And some 100 million people are believed
to use traditional, complementary or herbal medicine in the European Union (EU) alone — as
high as 90 per cent of the population in some countries. 1 The industry is worth big money. In
2012, global sales of Chinese herbal medicine reached US$83 billion, up more than 20 per
cent from 20112. The global market for all herbal supplements and remedies could reach
US$115 billion by 2020, with Europe the largest and the Asia-Pacific the fastest growing
markets. The demand is driven by women as the main consumers of dietary supplements, by
growing emphasis on healthy living and concerns over the side-effects of mainstream drugs3.
Meanwhile it is not out of context to note that modern medicine has desperate side effects.
More over new drugs are costly as it has to get through the research and development pipe
line. And use of several antibiotics is leading to raise drug resistance. As such most of the
science fraternity is realizing the importance of traditional knowledge for modern medicine.
Excavations at different sites suggest that medical interventions such as dentistry and
trepanation were practiced as early as 7000 BCE in the Indian subcontinent. Organized forms
of agriculture practiced by the people of the Indus civilization, the importance they gave to
certain medicinal plants and trees and the emphasis on hygiene and water sanitation suggest
an advanced awareness of health management. Trade routes linked the Indus valley
civilization to other parts of the subcontinent and westward to Persia, Mesopotamia and the
Arabian Sea, and northward to Central Asia. It is highly likely that botanical and medical
commodities and knowledge were among the prized items of exchange. Recent archaeobotanical excavations give evidence for the use in the Middle Gangetic region of medicinal
plants since the 2nd millennium BCE that are still used by Ayurvedic physicians and folk
healers.
In this context this paper aims to focus mainly on three aspects. First aspect dealing with
main problems in modern medicine and Second aspect reveals Indian Traditional Knowledge
about human health and finally third aspect concentrates on legal implications in using
traditional knowledge for modern medicine with possible suggestions.
Biosynthesis Silver Nanoparticles from Syzygium aramaticum and Their Antimicrobial
Activity
Siddiqui A G, Awasthi R S
Dept. of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Dayanand Science College, Latur,
Principal, Shivaji College, Renapur, Dist: Latur
Metal nanoparticles (1-100 nm) are being used in different fields including electrical,
biological, textile, and chemistry. Silver nanoparticles due to their antimicrobial activity have
wide applications in medical field; therefore eco-friendly and nontoxic process of synthesis of
nanoparticles is of great importance. Hence we attempted to synthesize silver nanoparticles
from Szygium aramaticum, preliminary confirmation was done by UV spectrum and checked
1
Molly Meri Robinson and Xiaorui Zhang The world medicines situation 2011 (WHO, 2011)
WHO traditional medicine strategy 2014-2023. (WHO, 2013)
3
Ibid.
2
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their antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms. We got optimistic results from this
study.
Key Words: Silver nanoparticles, biosynthesis, antimicrobial activity
Standardization of Avarttani (Helicteres isora Linn. Stem bark)-An Ayurvedic drug
J. Shashikanth, P. Ramachandra Reddy*
Plant Anatomy and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University College for
Women, Koti, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007.
*Corresponding author’s E mail:jale_shashikanth@yahoo.com
Helicteres isora L. popularly known as‘Avarttani’ belongs to Sterculiaceae family. The stem
bark is extensively used in Indian system of medicine. The stem bark is useful in skin
diseases, dysentery, piles and diabetes. Standardization and quality control of herbal drugs
used in Ayurveda is essential for their acceptance in the international as well as local markets.
Thus, there is urgent need of standardized drugs having consistent quality for reliable
beneficial therapeutic purpose. Physicochemical parameters, qualitative analysis,
histochemical studies, powder treating with different chemical reagents, Hptlc profile and
fluorescence analysis were used for standardization and quality evaluation of ‘Avarttani’.
Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds and
tannins, saponins, flavonoids and carbohydrates.
Key words: Standardization, Helicteres isora L., Ayurveda, Preliminary phytochemical
screening, Physicochemical, stem bark
Evaluation of Regeneration Potential of Mature Seed Culture in an Anti-Diabetic
Herbal Legume Crop- Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Vikrant* and Karthiga, K.
Post-Graduate Department of Plant Science, Avvaiyar Government College for Women,
Karaikal- 609 602, U.T. of Puducherry, India.
*Corresponding Author and Present Address
Post-Graduate Department of Plant Science, Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College,
New Mahe- 673 311, U. T. of Puducherry, India.
E.mail: dr.s.vikrant@gmail.com
In the direction to minimize or to control diabetes to some extent, medicinal plants as
such and their products have been highly effective. Therefore, establishment of a high
efficiency in vitro regeneration system is a prerequisite for gene engineering based medicinal
plant improvement. Mature seeds of the most promising medicinal crop Trigonella foenumgraecum L. (family Leguminaceae) were undertaken in present study. The combination of
cytokinin and auxin, particularly the concentration of cytokinin, in the regeneration medium
has been proved as most critical factor to affect the regeneration potential of explants. As for
the different hormonal treatments, (BAP 5 mg/L + 2,4-D 1.5 mg/L) combination was found
to be the best treatment, followed by (BAP 2.5 mg/L + 2,4-D 1.5 mg/L) in terms of
frequency of shoot-buds regeneration from induced callusfrom the cultured explants. During
this study, BAP alone at high concentration (5 mg/L) supported shoot-buds regeneration but
frequency was relatively very poor whereas, 2,4-D alone in the nutrient medium failed to
show morphogenic response and mature seeds merely exhibited slow germination followed
by slight swellings at the basal region of the seedling. These results based on investigation of
regeneration potential established for medicinal plant Trigonella can be applied to obtain at
large scale or for genetic transformation studies.
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In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of various extracts of Canthium coromandelicum
(Burm. F.) Alston
Priyadarshini S. Ekambe* and B. S. Surwase
School of Life Sciences, S. R. T. M. University, Nanded- 431606, Maharashtra, India.
Aim: The research work was carried out to investigate presence of phytochemicals and to
evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of methanol, acetone and ethanol extracts of
Canthiumcoromandelicum(Burm. f.) Alston.
Materials and Methods: The extract of Canthium coromandelicum leaves were prepared by
maceration method in different organic solvents as 70% methanol, 70% acetone, 70%
ethanol. All extracts were analyzed for presence of phytoconstituents like alkaloids,
glycosides, tannins, saponins, proteins, sterols, phenolic compounds, resins, reducing sugars,
flavonoids and anthraquinones. The anti-inflammatory activity of all extracts was screened by
carrageenan induced paw edema model in Wistar rats. The extracts were administered (@
500 mg/kg body weight) and the obtained effects were compared with control.
Results: The phytochemical analysis of all extracts revealed presence of alkaloids,
glycosides, tannins, sterols, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars and flavonoids.
Anthraquinones were present only in ethanol extract, whereas, a phytochemical saponin was
absent in acetone extract. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanol and acetone extracts was
statistically significant (P < 0.05) and was shown by decrease in paw edema. Ethanol extract
also reduced paw edema but did not show significant difference.
Conclusion: The significant anti-inflammatory activity of methanol and acetone extracts of
Canthiumcoromandelicum (Burm. f.) Alston leaves may be due to the presence of glycosides,
alkaloids, tannins, saponins, sterols, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, flavonoids.
Keywords: Phytoconstituents, Carrageenan, Anti-inflammation.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity in different parts of Costus igneus(L.,)
Elizabeth Margaret*, Dr (Mrs.) Kalpana & Ms. Roja
Department of Botany, St. Ann’s College for Women, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad.
Email id: margaret_nje@yahoo.com
Recently there is upsurge of interest in therapeutic potential of plants, as antioxidants,
reducing free radical induced tissue injury. Cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, age
related muscular degeneration implicate Oxidative stress. Such Diabetes has serious
consequences and limited treatment. Antioxidants prevent oxidative damage caused by free
radicals interfering with oxidative process, chelating, catalytic metals and as oxygen
scavengers.
Present study focuses on antioxidant activity evaluation of Costus igneus (L.) (insulin plant),
of family Costaceae – efficient, effective herbal drug possessing various pharmacological
activities - hypolipidemic, diuretic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancerous.
Pharmacological work was carried out on Costus igneus leaves but pharmacological potential
of other plant parts requires exploration. The present study aims at evaluation of antioxidant
activity in methanolic extract of leaves, rhizome, and stem. An attempt is made to find
correlation between phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity.
Examining the exact mechanism and phytoconstituents responsible for the observed effects
warrants further study.
Key Words: Costus, Insulin plant, Antidiabetic activity, Pharmalogical, Phytochemical
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Isolation and Characterization of Anti-Alzheimer’s Compounds from Celastrus
paniculatus
B. Nirmala Kumari and N.Sudhakar
1.Department of Zoology, GDC (W), Srikalahasthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
2. Department of Microbiology, GDC (W), Srikalahasthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
For Correspondence: nirmalakumarib@gmail.com
Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia. It is an age-related neurodegenerative
disease characterized by progressive memory loss followed by general cognitive decline
affecting older persons. Ayurveda is the knowledge of healthy living and is not merely
confined to the treatment of diseases or disorders. Celastrus paniculatus have been used
in the ancient systems of medicine for the treatment of various neurological disorders.
The main objective of the present research work is to isolate and characterize antiAlzheimer’s compounds from selected medicinal plants and to define their
neuroprotective activity against neurological disorders in general and AD in particular.
Male Wistar albino mice of 30 days age, weighing 20±2 grams will be use as the
experimental animal model in the present investigation. Separation of solvent extracts
from crude extract and isolation of bioactive compounds from the selected plants will be
carried out by employing the appropriate assay techniques such as Thin Layer
Chromatography (TLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The effective dose for different fractions of these selected
plants will be determined. The performance skills of the control and experimental mice
will be determined through Morris Water maze experiments. Biochemical estimations on
the Cholinergic System, Biogenic amines, Glutamate metabolism and ATPases
neurotransmitters and enzymes will be done in different regions of brain (Cerebellum,
Hippocampus, Cerebral Cortex and Ponsmedulla) in vivo as per the experimental
schedule in Control and Experimental mice.
After thorough analysis of the experimental results on the above mentioned
experimental parameters, the nature and mode of action of these different fractions of the
medicinal plants will be assessed. From these findings, the therapeutic compounds having
anti-Alzheimer’s properties will be isolated and characterized through appropriate
techniques.
Detection and Identification of Pesticides in Fruits and Vegetables
Syeda Azeem Unnisa
Department of Environmental Science, University College of Science, Osmania University,
Hyderabad Telangana State, India
E-mail:syeda_30@yahoo.co.in
The present study deals with the detection and identification of pesticides residues in fruits
and vegetables collected in and around Hyderabad. Randomly 40 samples were collected
from the market and tested for the pesticide residues by finger printing technique where by
visual color reaction of pesticides indicates the presence of residues. The results reveal that
60 percent of fruit samples and 80 percent of vegetable samples showed presence of pesticide
residues of HCH, DDT, Carbaryl, Endosulfan, Carbofuron and Aldrin. The presence of
pesticides residues indicate that it is applied on harvested fruits and vegetables directly for
control of pests and diseases during production of crops. The problems of consumer safety,
quality of the products and legal tolerance of the compound produce become important. The
study recommends that the usage of organic pesticide should be promoted and awareness
should be brought in the agriculture sector specially taking farmers into consideration.
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Herbal medicine: Parkinson's disease
G. Swathi
Dept. of Zoology, Government Degree & PG College, Srikalahasthi
Parkinson’s disease, a chronic, degenerative disorder of the nervous system, results from
dopamine-producing brain cell deficiency. In recent days phytomedicine is gaining due to its
less side effects, Herbal medicines have attracted considerable attention in recent years,
which are used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) in modern pharmacological theories. We
summarized and analyzed the anti-Parkinsonian activities of herbal medicines and herbal
formulations investigated in PD models and provide future references for basic and clinical
investigations. All the herbal medicines and herbal formulations were tested on PD models
in vitro and in vivo.
The relevant compounds and herbal extracts with anti-Parkinsonian activities were
included and analyzed according to their genera or pharmacological activities. In this article
we had analysed two herbal crude extracts which showed positive effect and acted as antiparkinsonian drugs.These herbal medicines can be an alternative and valuable source for antiParkinsonian drug discovery. The plant species in these genera and families may be the most
promising candidates for further investigation and deserve further consideration in clinical
trials. Active components in some of the herbal extracts and the compatibility law of herbal
formulations remain to be further investigated.
Key words: Parkinson's disease, Herbal medicine, antiparkinsonian drug.
Estimation of E&Z-guggulsterones and In vitro Propagation studies inCommiphora
wightii (Arn.) Bhandari
Ch. Mohan, D. Sreekanth, P. Manjula, B. Keerthi, B. Kiran Kumar and Prathibha
Devi*
Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Center for Advance Studies in
Botany, Department of Botany,Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, India.
Corresponding author E-mail address: pathi56@yahoo.com
The qualitative analysis of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari showed the presence of
various phytochemicals like flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, terphenoids, phenols and
glycosides. The gum guggul-resin extract of the plant has the cholesterol-reducing activity of
the guggul-resin well documented in the Ayurveda. Quantitative analysis for total steroids
produced interesting results. The E-Guggulsterone and Z-Guggulsterone are steroid
compounds reportedly present in the Gum of Commiphora wightii plant. A high-performance
liquid chromatographic method has been developed presently in a DST -PURSE project and
validated for the quantitative determination of E- and Z-guggulsterones, the hypolipidemic
agents in the gum-resin exudate of Commiphora wightii, currently marketed worldwide as
hypocholesterolemic. The method involves extraction of the guggul-resin from the raw
exudate and chromatography on a Zorbex SB C-18 column using (mobile phase A)-Ortho
Phosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile-water gradient. The method C18 has a validated
quantitation range of 2.45 mg/l with 9.279 minutes retention time at 243 nm for Eguggulsterone and 2.17 mg/l with 11.495 minutes retention time at 243 nm for Zguggulsterone in Commiphora wightii crude resin extracts and final products.In vitro
propagation studies has been taken up with nodal explants by using different concentrations
and combinations of growth regulators and micropropagation protocol have been developed.
The regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to the glasshouse, acclimatized and
transferred to the field.
Keywords: Commiphora wightii, Guggul-gum (resins), Qualitative and Quantitaive analysis,
HPLC, E-and Z-guggulsterones, In vitro propagation
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Traditional knowledge on Indian herbal Medicine
S.Padmavathi,
Department of Botany, GDC, Nagari.
India has a wealth of biological and abundant natural resources in its tropical forests in the
form of medicinal plants. It also has a rich heritage of traditional medicinal knowledge which
is derived from multiple medicinal traditions like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy and
which is passed on through generations. The traditional knowledge of the local community
needs to be collected and preserved. This traditional medicine or Ethno Medicine is perceived
as efficient, safe, affordable and accessible. In some Asian and African countries 80% of the
population relies on the traditional medicine for their primary health care needs.
The commercial use of the herbal medicine has been growing in the recent years.
However, many of them were not processed through an appropriate production activities and
technology, which doesn’t lead to consistent quality and significant value to the economy as
well. This article would provide ways in which commercial use of medicinal plants as well a s
traditional knowledge can be very perspective in the future. The modernization policy also
includes efforts to encourage scientific research, clinical trials to document the effectiveness
and safety of traditional medicines.
Airborne microfungi in rural environments of Puducherry region
Bijaya Kumar Nayak
Department of Botany, K. M. Centre for Post Graduate Studies (Autonomous),
Lawspet, Airport Road, Pondicherry-605008, India
Diversity of fungi are ubiquitous in nature, they occur in wide spectacular array of shapes,
sizes and colors. Dispersion of microfungi is unique and their distribution varied from each
environment and constitutes the major portion of the suspended bioparticulate matter in the
air. It is exceptionally important to note that vast majority of fungal diversity are given least
importance and remains ever unexplored. There is no aerobiological work has been made in
rural environments in India. In our recent study, volumetric analysis of airborne microfungi
of rural environments of Puducherry region was carried out by employing Burkard’s
personal sampler on SDA mediated petridishes. Air samplings were made for one year at
fifteen day intervals in order to isolate the prevalent fungi from the study sites at diurnal
time intervals viz., morning noon and evening. Altogether, more than seventy fungal species
under fifty genera were isolated, among which Aspergillus spp were recorded as the
dominant followed by Penicillium spp. The incidence of fungal spores was found more in
the areas of high vegetation in comparison to low vegetation localities. Diurnal variation
showed that, noon was found to harbor more number of spores in composition and
concentration than morning and evening. Seasonal incidence of fungal spores was quite
regular in our study, and showed the trend more in winter followed by summer and rainy
seasons. In addition to aspergilli and penicilli, other fungi like Alternaria, Cladosporium,
Curvularia, Fusarium, Monascus, Mucor, Paecilomyces, Rhizopus, Trichoderma and
Verticillium were also observed from the localities. The fungal spores viz., aspergilli and
penicilli as well as Alternaria and Cladosporium were found to be allergenic predominant,
probably due to their wide host range, substrate adaptability and opportunistic nature. It was
observed that the variation of the fungi was highly correlated to the substrate precipitation
needed for the fungal growth and the local vegetation.
Keywords: Airborne microfungi, Burkard’s volumetric air sampler, SDA, CFUs.
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Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Potential and Anti-cataract Activities of Selected
Medicinal Plants
1
Dhole N. A.*, 2 Gacche R. N.
1
Digambarrao Bindu Arts, Commerce & Science College, Bhokar, Nanded-431801
2
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431606
(Corresponding author: nageshdhole@gmail.com )
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome which affects more peoples in all developing as
well as in developed countries. The rate of prevalence of diabetes and its secondary
complications is more in Asian countries like India and hence “India is considered as
Diabetes capital of the world”. Phytomedicine has significant role for the prevention and
management of diabetes and its secondary complications. The present study describes the
evaluation of free radical scavenging potential and anti-cataract activities of different
fractions of Gymnema sylvestre, Boerhavia diffusa, Cassia occidentalis,Cyathocline
purpureaand Annona squamosa. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by determining
DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FICA (Ferrous ion chelating ability), RP (reducing
power) and H2 O2 (hydrogen peroxide) scavenging activity. The water fraction (IC 50, 262
µg/ml) of Gymnema sylvestre and ethanol fraction (IC50 , 300 µg/ml) of Boerhavia diffusa
showed maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity while other fractions of selected plant
exhibited considerable antioxidant potential. Sugar induced lens opacity studies revealed that,
water fractions of Cyathocline purpurea, Gymnema sylvestre, and Boerhavia diffusa possess
significant anti-cataract potential as compared to glucose induced lens opacity in goat lens
model.
Keywords: Diabetes, Antioxidant, Anti-cataract, Medicinal plants
DNA – Welfare of Living Beings
Madhamanchi Pradeep,Department of Biotechnology, Govt. Degree College (Men),
Srikakulam, Mail: mpsep15@gmail.com
Advancement of Life Sciences in all aspects is mainly due to better understanding of Central
Dogma of Molecular Biology. The versatile and keystone molecule of Central Dogma is
DNA that promotes almost all biological processes directly or indirectly in living organisms.
So better understanding of DNA make possible to manipulate it several ways and improve
quality and quantity of lives through Biotechnology
Key words: Life Sciences, Biology, DNA, Biotechnology, Central Dogma
KatiraGond- Novel Natural Product
Srinivasa Reddy CH1, N V S S Satyadev T2 , Manoranjani M 2
1.Department of Botany, PB.Siddhartha College of A & S, Vijayawada
2.Department of Chemistry, P G Centre, PB.Siddhartha College of A & S,
Vijayawada
Tragacanth (KatiraGond) gum comes from a thorny shrub. It is a tree gum like myrrh,
frankincense and balm of Gilead and can be used, along with the stems of the plant as
incense. It comes from a number of Astragalus species, but the one which produces the best
quality gum is Astragalusgummifer.The gum exudates naturally from the roots of plant and
from incisions made in the stem. This is collected and when dried forms crystals of flakes or
may be formed into blocks. The plant is member of Fabaceae. Externally the gum has been
used in traditional medicine for dressing burns and it is now believed that it might have antitumor activity and could stimulate the immune system.Tragacanth gum has been used as
laxative, antitussive, anti-diarrhoeic, and as an aphrodisiac. It is used as an adhesive agent in
making pills and tablets, as an emulsifying agent in lotions, creams and pastes and as a
thickener in cosmetics, toothpastes, jellies, salad dressings, syrups, mayonnaise, sauces,
liqueurs, candy, ice cream and popsicles. It has both cooling and heat producing effects. In
summer after soaking in water it becomes fluffy and soft. Consuming it in this form in
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summer helps to cool our body. In winter we use it after frying and grinding. It can be
added to many sweets. And then it generates heat in the body. It has the qualities of laxative
and so it helps in constipation. It helps to cure weakness in men. In women it helps to
increase breast size.
Key Words: KatiraGond, Gum Exudate, Astragalus
Management of Fusarium Wilt by Botanical pesticides in Chilies- an important
commercial cash crop
E.Shravya puri*, A. Sabitha Rani
Department of Botany, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad.
In recent years, many plant species are being exploited for production of green pesticides,
which are effective and ecofriendly. Chillies (Capsicum annum), one of the important cash
crop is susceptible to various types of fungal diseases. Hence, the present study has taken up
to evaluate plant extract against Fusarium oxysporum, pathogen of wilt disease of chillies.
The methonolic extract of Butea monosperma (Family-Fabaceae)leaf was evaluated in vitro
for its antifungal activity. Among various fungal pathogens, high inhibition zone were
observed against Fusarium oxysporum (26mm), Colletotrichum (22mm) followed by
Fusarium moniliformae (19mm). Moderate activity was noticed in Rhizoctonia (18mm)
Macrofomina (17mm) and Alternaria (16mm). The leaf extract was also evaluated in vivo on
experimental plants established in the pots. Different concentration of plant extract (10, 20,
30 and 40 %). was sprayed at various time intervals, staring from 15 days of sowing to
flowering and fruiting stage. The biological efficacy was determined by percentage control
of disease incidence, which ranged from 20 to 60% among different treatments of plant
extract.
Data from the field trials of second cycle i.e. the present season is under study. The study
proves that plant based formulation can be recommended as alternative protection agents for
vegetables crops against fungal diseases.
Micropropagation Studies on Stem Node Explants of Cucumis sativus L. A Medicinal
Important Plant
M. Venkateshwarlu
Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506009 T.S. (India)
E-Mail Id: drvenkat6666@gmail.com
Plant tissue culture methods were applied for micropropagation of this medicinal
important plant. A reliable regeneration system culminating in the formation of complete
from the mature stem nodes segments having 1 – 2 nodes. After initial swelling a maximum
of 6 – 10 shoot buds were obtained on MS medium supplemented with a combination of Kn
and BAP moreover like Adenine sulphate, ascorbic acid. Citric acid and glutamine were also
found to be beneficial when incorporated in the above mentioned medium sholls was
obtained on a separate media comprising of half the concentration of M.S. inorganic salts and
high concentration of IAA plantlets thus obtained were hardened acclimatized and finally
transferred successfully to field conditions. The study established reliable and reproducible
protocol for rapid multiple shoot induction from stem node explants ofCucumis sativus L.
using different concentration and combination of cytokinins. The present study was to
develop a rapid system for regenerating shoots from mature stem node explants ofCucumis
sativus L. These plants are propagated through cutting process but are a labour intensive and
time consuming process. The percentage of explants exhibiting shoot induction was found to
be between 50-60 i. most of the concentrations of Benzyl amino purine. Several workers in
past have micro propagated. Some of the important Asclepiadaceae members such as
Ceroegia bulbosa (Britto et al, 2003).Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented
with 0.5 to 2.0 mg/l BAP was found to be optimum to induce shoots directly from the stem
node explants. Since very scarce information is available about micro propagation of this
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important vegetable crop plant, an attempt was made to develop a reproducible protocol for
multiple shoot induction form stem node explants of one the culture.
Free radicals-Phytomedicine
K. Chitti Kalavathi,
Dept. of History, GDC, Nagari.
Free radicals and its adverse effects were discovered in the last decade. These are dangerous
substances produced in the body along with toxins and wastes which are formed during the
normal metabolic process of the body. Free radicals are well documented for playing a dual
role in our body as both deleterious and beneficial species. In low/moderate concentrations
free radicals are involved in normal physiological functions but excess production of free
radicals or decrease in antioxidant level leads to oxidative stress. It is a harmful process that
can be mediates damage to cell structures, including lipids, proteins, RNA and DNA which
leads to number of diseases. A variety of synthetic medicine employed in the treatment of
different diseases also capable to generate free radicals in body which may causes another
disease. The plant sources are rich of antioxidants, phyto-constituents are capable to
terminate free radical reactions and prevent our body from oxidative damage. Vegetables and
fruits are also important sources of antioxidant substances. Different phytoconstituents and
herbal product which are safer then synthetic medicine and beneficial in the treatment of
diseases caused by free radicals, it also protect the body by prevent the free radicals to cause
tissue injury. Phytoconstituents are conferring less side effect and compatible to body
physiology. Therefore it is demand of modern era to use such phytoconstituents or
phytomedicines.
Key words: phytomedicine, Free radicals, antioxidants
Preliminary screening of Endophytic fungi from Enicostemma axillare (Lam.)
Raynal.for antimicrobial activity
Yamilee Das*, Ujwala S. Deepake, G. Gyananath
School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University,
Nanded-431606, Maharashtra, India.
Enicostemma axillare (Lam.) Raynal.belonging to Gentianaceae family is a perennial herb
found throughout India and is reported to possess medicinal properties. Considering the
importance of this plant, a study was conducted to determine the colonization frequency of
endophytic microbes and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of fungal
endophytes from Enicostemma axillare. endophytic fungi from different parts of the plant
(leaves, stem and roots) were isolated, pure cultures were raised and identified based on the
morphology and characteristics of fungal spores. The highest colonization frequency of
bacteria and actinomycetes was observed in leaves (100 %). However, colonization
frequency of endophytic fungi was around 92 % higher in stem. The endophytic fungi that
displayed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity include Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp.,
Eurotium sp., Sartorya sp. and Phomopsis sp. Our preliminary results indicated that crude
extracts of endophytic fungi of Enicostemma axillare (Lam.) Raynal. may possess some
antimicrobial compounds.
Keywords: Endophytic fungi, crude extracts, antimicrobial activity, Enicostemma axillare
Science Teacher Education: Nurturing Young Minds for Better Health
P. Samata & Pavan MNV
University College of Education, Telangana University
“Sound mind in a sound body in a sound environment” is the well-known saying in the
field of health. A healthy body works as a platform where other important qualities can
spring. The different dimensions of health of an individual can be viewed under five heads.
They are physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual health. These dimensions of health
can be assessed under different areas of health such as knowledge and understanding of
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whole body, nutrition and health, safety health, environmental health, consumer health, social
health and responsibility of health. All these are achieved through teaching of Natural
Science. The present Teacher Education Curriculum for science teacher does incorporate
these aspects of natural sciences, to explore how natural products help in protecting one’s
health. Indeed there is a need to evolve a comprehensive science curriculum that can help one
to study medicinal values of natural products. In order to save the young lives, there is an
urgent need to strengthen science teacher curriculum.
This paper attempts to explore into the depths of pedagogy of Biological Sciences especially
to understand and recommend the would-be teachers to focus the child’s attention towards
those aspects of the vegetation around and their medicinal attributes so that the child grows
up with an increasing awareness of the importance of sciences for better health.
Keywords: Teacher Education, Health Education, Natural products, Herbal Medicines.
Observations on the Vegetation and Flora of Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Odisha
K. Chandramohan1*, P.V. Prasanna1& P. Ramachandra Reddy 2
1
Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana-500048
2
Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad
*Corresponding author. Email: kolaganicm@gmail.com
Documenting flora of any area is vital to unravel the floristic richness and in planning
conservation programmes to save the fast eroding Biodiversity. As a part of this scientific
programme, the present work on inventorying the flora of the Satkosia Tiger Reserve in
Odisha State has been initiated. Satkosia Tiger Reserve ranks second largest home in Odisha
for the population of Elephants and Tigers. The reserve comprises two adjoining sanctuaries
viz., Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary and Mahanadi Wildlife Sanctuary. It is a meeting point of
two bio-geographical regions of India: Deccan peninsular and Eastern Ghats, contributing to
the rich biodiversity. The preliminary floristic survey carried out during 2013-15 in the Tiger
Reserve has resulted in identifying 650 species. Satkosia Tiger Reserve display four sub types
of forests- Tropical Semi Evergreen forests, Tropical Moist deciduous forests, Tropical Dry
deciduous forests and Riparian forests. Tropical Semi evergreen forests are dominant with
species like Artocarpus lacucha, Magnolia champaca, Dillenia pentagyna, Mangifera indica,
Firmiana colorata & Macaranga peltata and underground vegetation is covered with
Curcuma aromatica and Boesenbergia longiflora. In Tropical Moist Deciduous forests,
Shorea robusta (Sal) is the dominant plant species with association of Lagerstroemia
parviflora, Mallotus philippensis, Syzygium cumini, Bauhinia vahlii, Haldina cordifolia,
Pterocarpus marsupium, Madhuca indica, Kydia calycina, Bridelia retusa, Anogeissus
latifolia and Garuga pinnata. Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests are covered with
Cochlospermum religiosum, Mitragyna parvifolia, Melia dubia, Gardenia latifolia, Tectona
grandis, Cleistanthus collinus, Holarrhena pubescens, Wrightia tinctoria, Gardenia
resinifera, Ziziphus oenopolia, Terminalia tomentosa and Cassia fistula species. Along
Mahanadi River and its tributaries, Dry Tropical Riparian forests characterized by the
presence of Terminalia arjuna, Vitex altissima, Strychnos nux-vomica, Anogeissus
acuminata, Syzygium cumini and Barringtonia acutangula. Dendrocalamus strictus is
dominant bamboo in the Tiger Reserve.
Key words: Flora, Vegetation, Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Odisha
Effects of Biofertilizers on Yield and Biochemical Parameters of Ashwagandha
(Withania somnifera)
D. Vijaya Lakshmi, T. Prabhakar Reddy, J. Kamalakar, and C. Padma Veni
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Nizamabad
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources
of nutrients on physiological and biochemical parameters of ashwagandha. In this study a
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different biofertilizers, chemical fertilizers and organic manure were applied in order to find
out their effects on growth and biochemical parameters of ashwagandha. The biofertilizers
included Azospirullum, Phosphorous solubilising bacteria (PSB), Azotobacter, rhizobium,
combination and control. The test crop was ashwagandha. The results indicated that, among
the different organic and inorganic sources of nutrients biofertilizers (Azospirillum,
Azotobacter, Rhizobia and PSB) brought about significantly higher chlorophyll contents (‘a’
and ‘b’), carotene content, photosynthetic and respiration rates as well as total alkaloid
content over the remaining organic and inorganic sources. However, 100 % recommended
dose of fertilisers produced maximum dry matter growth and root yield (12.49 q/ha).
Amongst the inorganic sources of nutrients, 100% RDF (N20P40K20) recorded significantly
higher of all these physiological and biochemical parameters including root yield (14.02 q/ha)
and alkaloid yield (17.41 q/ha) of ashwagandha.
Antifungal Activity of Some Important Medicinal Plants against Two Plant Pathogenic
Fungi
Jalander, V., S. Prashanthi and M. Mamatha
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad (T.S.)
Leaf extracts of five different medicinal plant species such as Adhatoda vasica Nees,
Eucalyptus globules Labill.,Ocimum sanctum L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
andCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.wereextracted with the help of Soxlet apparatusin water
and ethanol. These extracts were tested for their antifungal activity against two plant
pathogenic fungi i.e. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.udum Butler, a wilt pathogen of pigeon pea
[Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]andAlternaria solani, leaf spot pathogenof tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.). The results of agar well diffusion assay indicated that the ethanolic leaf
extracts were found good inhibitory than aqueous leaf extracts against plant pathogenic fungi
tested. The ethanolic leaf extract prepared from Azadirachta indica was shown to have better
efficacy against wilt pathogen and extract from E. globules found good inhibitory
activityagainst leaf spot pathogen tested.
Keywords: Antifungal Activity, Medicinal Plants, Plant Pathogenic Fungi.
The Promise of Insulin Plant in Treatment of Diabetes
Syed Afzaluddin Biyabani*, Syed Raziuddin Faisal, Javed Akhtar Ansari
Department of PharmD, MESCO College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, TS, India.
Chamaecostus cuspidatus, common name Fiery Costus or Spiral Flag, is a species of
herbaceous plant in the Costaceae family native to eastern Brazil (States of Bahia and
Espirito Santo). In India, it is known as insulin plant due to its use in Ayurvedic medicine for
its purported anti-diabetic properties. Chamaecostus cuspidatus has large fleshy looking
leaves. The undersides of these large, smooth, dark green leaves have light purple shade. The
leaves are spirally arranged around the stem, forming attractive, arching clumps arising from
underground rootstocks. In Siddha medicine, it is known as Kostum. The species reproduces
vegetative by rhizome and birds disperse seeds when they feed on the fruits. Consumption of
the leaves are believed to lower blood glucose levels, and diabetics who consumed the leaves
of this plant did report a fall in their blood glucose levels. Regular consumption of insulin
plant leaves in conjunction with other modalities of treatment has effectively provided
glycemic control in diabetics; the dose of insulin could be reduced to half. Blood sugar levels
which were earlier not controlled with oral hypoglycemic drugs or non-allopathic treatments
can be controlled with this plant. The risk of diabetic complications is also been avoided as
no adverse effects due to the consumption of insulin plant leaves were reported in studies.
Regular consumption is necessary for benefits to be observed. Besides, it has been proven to
possess various pharmacological activities like hypolipidemic, diuretic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancerous etc.
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Heavy metals in Herbal preparations
P. Manohar
Dept. of Zoology, SVA Govt. Degree College, Srikalahasthi.
The object of Ayurveda is to cure the disease and to prevent the onset of disease. To achieve
this aim various diet and drug materials were mentioned in ayurvedic literatures. Due to easy
availability, the use of herbal material and its preparation were frequently used for nutritional
and medicinal purpose. Globally, herbal medicine is three to four times more commonly
practiced than conventional medicine. The WHO estimates above 60% of the world's
population use traditional medicine as their primary form of health care. Some traditional
medicine/herbal preparation with ancient formulas have been found to contain some heavy
metals, such lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and lithium etc. Even though the herbal
preparations are safe, but some of herbal preparations causes serous poisonings and toxic
effect due to the preparation containing dangerous toxic drugs or heavy metals. Both medical
professional and the general public should be alerted to the potential toxicity of herbal
preparation. There should be frequent monitoring of herbal preparations, containing toxic
drugs or heavy metals. For the purpose of monitoring the herbal preparation contamination
with heavy metal like Lead, a strength quality control of herbal raw materials/its preparation
needed to check the presence of heavy metals by using modern sophisticated instruments like
Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, flame photometer etc. The limits (parts per million) of
such heavy metals in herbal preparation should remain within specification.
Keywords: Metals, Non-metals, Lead poisoning
Pollen analysis of honeys from Hukumpeta mandal of Paderu forest division in
Visakhapatnam district
R. Devender and H. Ramakrishna*
Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad
*Corresponding author Email: hrkpaleobot@gmail.com
Pollen analysis of nine Apis dorsata, A.florea, A.cerena and Trigona Sp. honey
samples from various localities of Hukumpeta mandal of Paderu forest division in
Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh State were studied and recorded Schleichera oleosa
(58%), Eucalyptus globulus (73%) and Brassica nigra (57%) as Predominant pollen types in
3 honey samples and identified as unifloral.
In these honeys samples besides the predominant pollen types Tridax procumbens,
Ageratum conyzoides, Syzygium cumini, Exacum bicolour, Mimosa pudica, Pulicaria foliosa,
Erythrina indica, Hakea laurina, Vernonia cinerea and Borassus flabellifer were constituted
as other significant pollen types.
Diversity of honeybees and diversity of bee forage plant for these bees were recorded
from Hukumpeta mandal of Paderu forest division indicates to establish apiary. Hence useful
to increase honey production in large scale which will be useful to increase the economic
status of the local people by marketing the honey and also useful for the production of more
quantity of medicinally and qualitatively pure honey. This study is also useful by knowing
beeforage plants of different types of Apis sps. which were already established both in
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states, for more production of honey through apiary.
Key words: Pollen analysis; Unifloral honey; Human welfare.
Role of Coarse grains & Millets in Human Health– A Review
A. Poshadri, G. Praveen Kumar* and J.Sai Prasad
College of Food Science & Technology
*Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad.
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Coarse Cereals comprises crops like jowar, bajra, ragi, other small millets (kudo,
kutiki, sanwa, foxtail) and maize, which have traditionally been the main components of the
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food basket of the poor in India. As per available estimates, total coarse grains production in
Telangana State is 4.0 million tones during 2012-13 with a share of 12 % of total country’s
output (State of Indian Agriculture 2012-13, Government of India).
Coarse cereal grain based products with health benefits represent a growing part of
the health related food market. The adoption of health claims linking whole grain based
products with a reduction of risk of coronary heart disease significantly supported the major
market growth in recent years. In addition, coarse grain &millet products are associated with
a range of other health benefits, including a reduced risk of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and
some types of cancer. In fact, the recent coarse grain & millet trend is a reversal of the main
trend in the past century – towards highly refined products, without the outer part of grains.
These outer parts are rich in fiber and a wide range of phytochemicals. Whereas market
growth of coarse grain & millet products is expected to continue in the coming years,
research in India and other parts of the world is focusing on exploring options for a wider
range of healthy cereal grain based products, based on a deeper understanding of the
mechanisms of coarse grain & millet health benefits.
Finance Commitees for AYUSH
G. Padmavathy
Customer Support Officer, State Bank of India, Miryalaguda, Telangana
India has rich diversity of medicinal plants. Medicinal Plants form the major resource base of
our indigenous health care traditions. The outreach and acceptability of AYUSH systems, both
nationally as well as globally, are dependent on uninterrupted availability of quality medicinal plants
based raw material. More than 90% of the species used in trade continue to be sourced from the wild
of which about 2/3rd are harvested by destructive means.The chairman of the SFC will have authority
to invite, as special invitees, representatives from organisations engaged in R&D, quality control,
planning and other related disciplines in medicinal plants sector. The Board has a Standing Finance
Committee(SFC), which will be headed by Secretary (AYUSH). This committee will act as the
Executive Committee of the Mission.
The National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) will provide the necessary support to both
SFC and the Mission. The Chief Executive Officer, NMPB who is of the rank of Joint Secretary will
function as the Mission Director. The CEO has been delegated the powers of the Head of the
Department and would, therefore, be able to carry out the Mission mandate and also implement and
monitor the action plans/proposals approved by the SFC. The Standing Finance Committee(SFC)
will have the following functions:
(i) To oversee the activities of the Board and approve its annual budget.
(ii) To consider and approve any financial proposal which is to be included for expenditure
in the Budget.
(iii) To consider and approve any proposal for incurring expenditure.
(iv) To consider and recommend all proposals for creation of new posts.
(v) To consider and allocate resources among the states and under different components of
the scheme.
(vi) To consider and approve projects under existing pattern of assistance.
(vii) To consider and approve components of individual projects for which cost/subsidy
norms have not been prescribed.
(viii) The SFC shall also monitor the overall subsidy being disbursed under the scheme and in
particular monitor the cap of 30% for cultivation subsidy.
(ix) Any other matters that the Board may refer to it.
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Antifungal Effect of Some Weed Plant Leaf Extracts on Seed-borne Fungi of Pigeonpea
[Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp.].Seeds
Jalander, V. and B.D. Gachande*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad (T.S.)
*Botany Research Laboratory and Plant Disease Clinic, N.E.S. Science College, Nanded.
Seeds are regarded as means of transporting plant pathogens. Seed borne diseases
affect growth and productivity of crop plants. A seed borne pathogen may cause seed
abortion, seed rot, seed necrosis, reduction or elimination of germination capacity, as well as
seedling damage. Different types of chemicals have been used to control these pathogens.
Use of plant extracts against plant pathogenic fungi is however, a recent approach to plant
disease control. It helps to avoid environmental pollution by chemicals. In the present study
ten commonly growing different weed plants leaf extracts i.e. Acalypha indica L.,
Achyranthes aspera L., Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. Ex. DC., Cassia tora L., Datura
stramonium L., Euphorbia hirta L., E. heterophylla L., Parthenium hysterophorous L.,
Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & H. Wendl.andXanthium strumarium L.,were tested for
their antifungal activity (in-vitro) against seed-borne fungi of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)
Millsp.]. All the alcoholic plant leaf extracts showed good inhibitory activity against seedborne fungiand increased percent of seed germination, root & shoot length and vigour index.
Alcoholic extracts of X. strumarium and D. stramonium were showed very good antifungal
activity than the other plants tested. Next to these, the alcoholic extracts from E. hirta, and C.
tora showed good inhibitory activity against the seed-borne fungi of pigeonpea. Water
extracts of test plants also showed antifungal activity (less than the alcoholic extracts) against
seed-borne fungi of pigeonpea. Seeds of pigeonpea treated with the alcoholic extract of X.
strumarium gave 98.00% seed germination. The highest vigour index was recorded after the
application with alcoholic and water extracts of X. strumarium and D. stramonium on seeds
of pigeonpea while the lowest was observed in case of untreated control.
Key Words: Antifungal activity, weed plants, seed-borne fungi, pigeonpea.
Organic Farming of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Hope for Quality Enhancement
T. Prabhakar Reddy, D. Vijaya Lakshmi, J. Kamalakar and Dr. B. Joseph
Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana.
India has traditionally been a country of organic agriculture, but the growth of modern
scientific, input intensive agriculture has pushed it to wall. But with the increasing awareness
about the safety and quality of foods, long term sustainability of the system and accumulating
evidences of being equally productive, the organic farming has emerged as an alternative
system of farming which not only address the quality and sustainability concerns, but also
ensures a debt free, profitable livelihood option. Medicinal plants in every sense play an
important role in day to day activity of people and would serve tremendously if grown
organically for better health management.
Pot experiments conducted in the laboratory have demonstrated that adding
vermicompost has resulted in increased organic carbon content of the soil with larger pools of
stored nutrients that are critical for long term soil fertility. The seedlings of Tagetes minuta,
Ocimum basilicum, Hyoscyamus muticus and Silybum marianum grown in vermicompost
supplemented pots were healthier with higher root and shoot weights compared to seedlings
grown in FYM supplemented pots. Application of organic manures reduces the incidence of
various seedling diseases such as those caused by Pythium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. in opium
poppy (Papaver somniferum), ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and aambrette
(Abelmoschus moschatus). Growth characters, yield, essential oil and its constituents, fixed
oil, carbohydrates, soluble sugars and nutrients contents of medicinal and aromatic plants
were significantly affected by adding the biological fertilizers compared with recommended
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chemical fertilizers. The demand for organic essential oil generated from aromatherapists and
flavor industries, are keen to use only high quality organic essential oils, also called clinical,
pure or therapeutic oils. Such oils are usually priced 100% higher than normal oils.
Our experience also reveals, organically farmed soils had better tilth. The changes in
structure brought about by sufficient organic matter improved ground cover, while reduced
water runoff by 10-50%, increased filtration by 10-25% therefore such soils are less prone to
drought with a significant reduction in irrigation costs. There is also evidence to show
nutrient cycling/fixing microbes are in plenty, and are efficient in organic soils making more
nutrients available to the soil. On macroeconomics levels, conversion to organic farming
would yield higher benefits with greater eco-compatible implications. It would reduce
depletion of fossil fuel, reduce social costs associated with erosion, improve wild
life/livestock habitats and ensure the productivity of land for future generations. In addition,
it would facilitate foreign trade and help build valuable foreign exchange, and where trade is
constrained because of foreign currency, organic agriculture becomes a solution to economic
necessity.
Pharmacological Profile of Indian Solid Gold (Curcumin)
Syed Raziuddin Faisal*, Syed Afzaluddin Biyabani, Javed Akhtar Ansari
Department of PharmD, MESCO College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, TS, India.
Turmeric, derived from the plant Curcuma longa, is a gold-colored spice commonly used in
the Indian subcontinent, not only for health care but also for the preservation of food and as a
yellow dye for textiles. Curcumin, which gives the yellow color to turmeric, was first isolated
almost two centuries ago, and its structure as diferuloylmethane was determined in 1910.
Since the time of Unani & Ayurveda (1900 BC) numerous therapeutic activities have been
assigned to turmeric for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including those of the skin,
pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, aches, pains, wounds, sprains, and liver disorders.
Extensive research within the last half century has proven that most of these activities, once
associated with turmeric, are due to curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to exhibit
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities
and thus has a potential against various malignant diseases, diabetes, allergies, arthritis,
Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic illnesses. These effects are mediated through the
regulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein
kinases, and other enzymes. Curcumin exhibits activities similar to recently discovered tumor
necrosis factor blockers, vascular endothelial cell growth factor blocker, human epidermal
growth factor receptor blockers and a HER2 blocker. Considering the recent scientific
bandwagon that multitargeted therapy is better than monotargeted therapy for most diseases,
curcumin can be considered an ideal "Spice for Life".
Remediation of heavy metals effect on stomata cells in Curcuma longa L.
Damera Vineeth1*, Chinna. Venkateshwar 2 and Syeda Azeem Unnisa3*
Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Email:1.vineethdamera@yahoo.com, 2. cvlaxman2004@yahoo.com,
3. syeda_30@yahoo.co.in (corresponding author)
The present research study was conducted to know the heavy metal ( Cd,Cr and Ni) toxicity
in stomatal cells Curcuma longa L. in leafand application of Ca(OH)2 for its remediation.
Pot culture experiments were conducted with three different treatments till productivity levels
at Greenhouse of Botanical Garden, Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad.
The three treatments consist of control without any addition of heavy metals to the soil,
Treatment -I heavy metals spiked into the soil and Treatment-II, 1 % of calcium hydroxide
added along with heavy metals to the soil. The results showed when compared to control and
Treatment-II the high concentrations of heavy metals (Ni, Cd and Cr) are found in leaf of
Curcuma longa L. in (Treatment- I). Leaf epidermal studies mainly stomatal cells, costal
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cells, leaf clearings and articular preparations were examined with light microscope.
Anisocytic stomata observed in Control,Treatment- I and Treatment- II. It was also observe
that the the no.of stomatal cells are increased in Control and Treatment -II when compared to
Treatment –I and the heavy accumulation in the leaf parts.. In addition, the plants grown in
treatment -II with 1% calcium hydroxide treated soil, reversed the growth suppression and
inhibited the heavy metal toxicity in plants as evidenced by reduced heavy metal
concentration in leaf. Anatomical properties of plant parts are sources for taxonomic
inferences in different groups of medicinal plants. The aim of present study is to use stomatal
cells number and characters as aid in taxonomy of medicinal plants crops. The study would
help in the identification and authentication of these medicinally important plants on the basis
of stomatogenesis.The study concludes that medicinally important plant Curcuma longa
L.affected with heavy metals can be treated by using calcium hydroxide.
Keywords:
Curcuma
longa
L.,
Heavy
metals
influence,
Treatment.1%Ca(OH)2.Stomatogenesis.
Origin of Herbal medicine: A critical review
G. Tirumala Vasu Deva Rao,
Dept. of History, Government Degree College, Nagari
The pharmacological treatment of disease began long ago with the use of herbs. By
definition, ‘traditional’ use of herbal medicines implies substantial historical use, and this is
certainly true for many products that are available as ‘traditional herbal medicines’. The
ancient Chinese, Indians, Egyptians, Babylonians, and Native Americans were all herbalists.
The oldest known list of medicinal herbs is Shen Nung’s Pen Ts’ao or Shennong Ben Cao
Jing (c. 3000 B.C.), a Chinese herbal that is probably a compilation of an even older oral
tradition. The ancient Greeks and Romans were also renowned herbalists. Surgeons travelling
with the Roman army spread their herbal expertise throughout the Roman empire, in Spain,
Germany, France, and England. Dioscorides (c. 40-c. 90) and Galen (131-200 A.D.), both
Greek surgeons in the Roman army, compiled herbals that remained the definitive materia
medica texts for 1500 years. Through the Middle Ages, herbalism was preserved in the
monasteries of Britain and mainland Europe. Before the establishment of universities in the
eleventh and twelfth centuries, monasteries served as medical schools. Monks copied and
translated many of the works of Hippocrates, Dioscorides, and Galen. Their “physick”
gardens, well-stocked with the most common and useful medicinal herbs, served as basic
training grounds for the next generation of physicians–monks and laymen alike.
Meanwhile, as a result of the Islamic conquest of North Africa in the seventh and
eighth centuries, Arabic scholars acquired many Greek and Roman medical texts. Iranian
physician Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna (980-1037 A.D.), combined the herbal traditions
of Dioscorides and Galen with the ancient practices of his own people in The Canon of
Medicine (al-Qanun fi at-tibb). One of the most influential medical texts ever written,
Avicenna’s Canon spread through Europe during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. With the
invention of the printing press in the mid-fifteenth century, the herbals of Dioscorides, Galen,
and Avicenna were mass-produced and made accessible to people outside the palace, the
monastery, and the university. Use of the herbals required no specialized skills: readers
simply gathered the herbs and applied them in the prescribed manner and dosage.
Key words: Herbal medicine, History
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Important Medicinal Plants
Jalander, V., A.A. Haleem Khan and B. Vidya Vardhini
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad (T.S.)
Email: jalandervaghmare@gmail.com
Leaf extracts of four different medicinal plant species [Adhatoda vasica Nees,
Eucalyptus globules Labill.,Ocimum sanctum L. and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.
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Don.]wereextracted with the help of Soxlet apparatusin water, hexane and ethanol. These
extracts were examined for their antimicrobial activity against three pathogenic bacteria such
as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi.The results of agar well
diffusion assay indicated that the ethanolic leaf extracts were found good inhibitory than
aqueous and hexane leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria tested. The ethanolic leaf extract
prepared from Eucalyptus globules Labill was shown to have better efficacy against
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus. Ethanolic leaf extract from Ocimum sanctum L. found
good inhibitory activityagainst Salmonella typhi.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Activity, Medicinal Plants, Pathogenic Bacteria.
Phytonutrient and Antioxidant Enzyme Studies in Phoenix Fresh Ripened Fruit
B.Thirupathi* and S. Gangadhar Rao.
Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Email: thirupathi.bunga@gmail.com, gangadharrao53@gmail.com
Phytonutrients and antioxidant enzymes studies were undertaken in phoenix fresh ripened
fruit. Among the observation phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins contents was recorded
maximum, however ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and beta carotene was present in low
quantities. In case of antioxidant enzymes catalase activity was high with (3.233 units/g) as
compared to peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase (0.012 and 0.050 units/g) respectively. Super
oxide dismutase enzyme activity was recorded high with 20 units/g, however
glutathionreductase activity was low(0.353 units/g). The result of antioxidant assay showed
maximum inhibition % in FRAP (1.64 %). There was very little inhibition% activity with
ABTS, DPPH.
Key words: phytonutrient, Antioxidant enzyme, SOD, glutathionreductase.
Health Benefits of Green Tea
A. Srilakshmi,
Department of Computer Application, GDC (W),Srikalahasthi.
Green tea in its purest and unaltered form has always influenced health from several
generations. Many researchers have revealed green tea poly-phenol and catechins as
powerful anti-oxidant potential helps in prevention of cellular damage from oxidative
reactions in the body. Several epidemiological studies have also shown beneficial effects
of green tea in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Several vitro and in vivo
studies have been carried on cancer chemoprevention, hypercholesterolemia,
artherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other agingrelated
disorders. Various phytochemicals present in the green tea are useful for the treatment of
various ailments. Our present study is to elucidate the various health benefits of different
phytochemicals present in green tea.
Key words: Green tea, Antioxidants, Phytochemicals
In vitro production of Spilanthol – A medicinally important secondary metabolite from
hairy root cultures of Spilanthes acmella
Hajera Sana* and A.Sabitha Rani
Dept. of Botany, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad
Email: hajera.sana@gmail.com
Abstract
Spilanthes acmella Murr. (Family Asteraceae) is an important medicinal plant with
antimicrobial, antioxidant and insecticidal activity. The active chemical component is
spilanthol, an alkamide which is present in roots and all aerial parts of the plant. Spilanthol is
being used in pharmaceuticals, toothpaste and cosmetic industry. Since there is less
commercial cultivation of S.acmella,spilanthol production is not meeting the industrial
demand.Hence there is a need to produce spilanthol by alternative methods. Hairy roots
transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes have been found to be suitable for large scale
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secondary metabolite production because of their genetic and biochemical stability and high
productivity in hormone free culture conditions.
Hairy roots were induced from the S.acmella leaf explants by transforming with
Agrobacterium rhizogenes (MTCC 532). Initiation of hairy roots occurred after 10 days of
infection with a high transformation frequency(70 %).The confirmation of transformation
was done by Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) by amplification of rol B and rol C primers
responsible for T-DNA transfer. The hairy roots were mass multiplied on hormone free ½ MS
liquid medium and subcultured in fresh medium every 15 days.The active component
spilanthol was extracted from dried hairy roots using cold extraction method and its HPLC
analysis showed substantial amount of spilanthol in the hairy roots of Spilanthes acmella.
This study is useful for scaling up of hairy roots of S.acmella in bioreactors for large scale
production of spilanthol and can be used as a model system in metabolic engineering.
Phytochemical Investigation of Curcuma Longa
M. Thejomoorthy
Dept. of Zoology, GDC, Rajahmundry
In recent year there has been rapid increase in the standardization of selected medicinal
plant of potential therapeutic significance. The rhizome of Curcuma longa reported to
have good medicinal values in traditional system of medicines. The present study deals
with pharmacognostic parameters for the rhizomes of Curcuma longa which mainly
consist of Macromorphology, Physico-chemical constants and Phytochemical screening.
This information will be used for further pharmacological and instrumental evaluation of
the species and will assist in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification.
The alcohol soluble extractives were also determined. Preliminary phytochemical analysis
of ethanol extract was carried out. The results were positive for steroids terpenoids,
phenols, tannins and flavonoids. HPTLC analysis confirms the presence of Curcuminoids.
These secondary metabolites were the active constituents of Curcuma longa Linn. that
may be responsible for its pharmacological activities.
Keywords: Curcuma longa, Curcuminoids, Rhizome, Physicochemical constant
Medicinal Properties of Sapindaceae Family
Devaraju Srinivas, K. Jaganmohan Reddy*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad, (T. S.) India
*Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal, (T. S.) India
Email: devarajusrinu@gmail.com
The Sapindaceae or Soap berry family contains more than 2,000 species from 150
genera, mostly trees and shrubs, but rarely herbs, widely distributed throughout the warm
sub-tropics and tropics. The majority of species are native Asia. Although there are few
species reported from South America, Africa and Australia. New species are still being
described. The most specialized growth forms are the rather strange unbranched palm-like
trees such as Talisia and woody climbers like Sejania and Paullinia. The largest trees
including Schleschesa oleasa and Pometicapinnata may reach up to 60m in height. Sapindus
is a genus of about five to twelve species of shrubs and small trees in the Lychee family,
Sapindacecea native to warm temperate to tropical regions in both the old world and New
world. The genus includes both deciduous and evergreen species. Members of the genus are
commonly known as soapberries or soapnuts because the fruit pulp is used to make Soap. The
generic name is derived from the Latin words saponis meaning "soap" and indicus meaning
"of India”. (Soap berry), a genus of plants of the family Sapindaceae. They are evergreen or
deciduous trees. The pinnate leaves are alternate, and the flowers are in terminal or axillary
panicles. There are about 15 species, distributed in the tropics of Asia and America. The
fruits, which contain up to 38 percent saponins, are used as soap. Soapberries are cultivated in
tropical and warm countries as ornamentals and for their saponins. Three species-Sapindus
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saponaria, S. mucorossii and the winter-hardy American species S. drummondii-are grown in
the USSR, on the Black Sea shore of the Caucasus and, less frequently, in Transcaucasia and
Middle Asia. The genus’s Russian common name, myl’noe derevo, is sometimes used to
designate the goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata) of the same family, which grows in
East Asia and contains saponins in its bark.
Keywords:Medicinal properties, Sapindaceae, Soap nuts.
In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride against
Alternaria alternata, the leaf spot pathogen of Senna plant
Nagamani Tagaram and Bhumi Narasimha Reddy
Department of Botany, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad.
Email: nagamanitagaram@gmail.com
Medicinal plants are valued for the content and chemical composition of their bio-active
components. The intensive use of fungicides for the control of diseases in medicinal plants
has resulted in the accumulation of toxic chemical, seriously affecting their marketing and
utilization in the development of plant based formulations. The increasing awareness of
fungicide related hazards has emphasized the need for adopting a safer biological method.
The genus, Trichoderma is ubiquitous with high population density has been extensively
studied for their biological control of fungal diseases of plants. Hence, the present study was
taken up for bio-control of foliar disease of Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl), an important
medicinal plant with excellent export market potential.
The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum
isolates were tested in vitro against the Alternaria alternata, the causal organism of leaf spot
disease on Senna. The dual culture plate method has revealed that the species of Trichoderma
has excellent biocotrol properties against the leaf spot pathogen. The percentage growth
inhibition of Alternaria alternata byTrichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum was
80.1% and 72.2% respectively. The results indicated that the growth inhibition of test
pathogen by Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum provides an excellent potential
antagonist capable of controlling the pathogenecity of Alternaria alternata.
Medicinal Value of Rice Land Races in India
N.Sandhyakishore*, G.Praveenkumar, M.Pallavi, T.Prabhakar Reddy, J.Kamalakar,
Firdoz Shahana, Y.Bharathi and B.Joseph
*Corresponding Author: N.Sandhyakishore, Scientist (Plant Breeding),
Regional sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad-503188.
Email: kishoregene@gmail.com
Rice is the staple food of over half of the world’s population and 90% of Asians. Ancient
records speak of the existence of rice varieties of curative value for various ailments, as
detailed in Ayurvedic treatise of the 15th and 16th century AD. India is endowed with very
rich rice diversity of speciality rices with unique quality features. The rice varieties identified
in Chhattisgarh viz., ‘Aalcha’ for the treatment of pimples, Maharaji, which gives strength
and stamina to ladies immediately after delivery, ‘Baisoor’ for epilepsy, ‘Laicha’ for pregnant
women to deliver healthy children are a few examples and the ‘Baisoor’ variety is used for
the treatment of headache and boils in different regions. It is also used for skin diseases,
ringworm infection, itching and conjunctivitis, and as a face pack with neem leaves. Another
variety, ‘Njavara’, is a unique land race with great antiquity and traditionally used for the
treatment of rheumatism, arthritis, neurological problems and for the relaxation as well as
rejuvenation of weak muscles of aged persons by the Ayurvedic physicians of Kerala.
‘Njavara’ is used as a supplementary diet for underweight persons or consumed as a
replenishing drink called ‘karkada kanjhi’ during monsoon season along with some herbal
medicines. The oil prepared from this variety is used for a wide range of ailments like aches,
painful inflammations, spondylitis, lower backpain, etc. But the most significant use is the
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medicinal pouch named ‘njavarakizi’, made with this rice after cooking it in a milk decoction
of medicinal herb, Sida cordifolia. It is applied as a massage on the whole body, dipping the
pouch repeatedly in the decoction. The medicinal and nutritive properties of ‘Njavara’ have
recently received wide recognition and drawn the attention of some corporate sectors for its
commercial exploitation. Some other medicinal rice varieties still available in Kerala are
‘Jaathi Suggi’, ‘Jeeraka Chembavu’, ‘Karutha Chembavu’, ‘Kamaal’, ‘Kolaran’, ‘Naron’,
‘Nalla Chennellu’, ‘Vadakkan’ and ‘Vatten’. In Odisha, the tribal inhabitants consume rice
beer colloquially called ‘Handia’ prepared from traditional rice varieties by fermenting
watered rice for several days with a herbal formulation called ‘Bakhara’ into it and prepare
health drink claimed to prevent gastro-intestinal ailments. Similar practice is observed
among the tribals of North Bengal, who consume an alcoholic beverage called ‘Haria’. But in
modern agriculture, farmers are gladly accepting the new varieties for higher yield. Thus
millions of years of genetic diversity and germplasm heritage are vanishing forever. Hence
urgent attention is warranted to collect and conserve these unique rice varieties and also focus
on the improvement, production, processing and marketing of such rice varieties as we have
been doing for basmati rice for the benefit of prosperity.
Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Datura sp. Against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.udum, Wilt
Pathogen of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.].
Jalander, V. and B.D. Gachande*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad (T.S.)
*Botany Research Laboratory and Plant Disease Clinic, N.E.S. Science College, Nanded.
Green plants represent a reservoir of effective chemotherapeutants and can provide
valuable sources of natural pesticides. Secondary plant metabolites and plant based pesticides
appear to be one of the better alternatives as they are known to have minimal environmental
impact and danger to consumers in contrast to synthetic pesticides. Extracts of many higher
plants have been reported to exhibit antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral properties under
laboratory and field trials. Allthe Datura species contain tropane alkaloid such as
hyoscyamine, scopolamine and atropine in their parts such as root, stem, leaf, flowers and
seeds. Besides its hallucinogen activity, Datura reported to have antimicrobial activity. The
effect of aqueous root, stem and leaf extracts from four different species of Datura viz.
D.stramonium L., D. innoxia Mill. Gard, D. metal L.and D. ferox L. Amoen.were tested for
their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. uduma wilt pathogen of pigeonpea
[Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.].The extracts of Datura sp. at 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations
were incorporated in glucose nitrate (GN) medium. The extracts of Datura sp.at 20%
concentration was found more inhibitory activity againstthe pathogen tested. The leaf extracts
were more effective in reducing the growth of wilt pathogen than the other plant parts used.
Key words:Datura sp., antifungal activity, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. udum
Azadirachta indica The Medicinal Plant in Poultry Birds
Syeda Zainab,
Research scholar, Maulana Azaad College, Dr BAMU, Aurangabad.M.S.
Azadirachta indica also known as neem, neem tree belongs to the family Meliacea.
Since ancient time it was using in different fields like ayurveda, unani and homeopathic
system of medicine for treatment of health problems as it is having anti-bacterial, anti
inflammatory, anti oxidant, anti parasitic, anti helmintic activities. It is most important plant
whose almost every part like leaves, flower, seed, fruit, root and bark is used for the
medicinal purpose. From neem tree near about 140 compounds isolated and is prepared from
above mentioned parts of the plant.
Parasitism is a relationship between two different organisms in which smaller is called as
parasite living on the body of another organism called as host who provides the platform for
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the parasite to live due to which there are side effects on the health of host in the form of
diseases that means hosts are sufferers due to the parasite presence.
In this the best example for the parasitism is the cestode parasites which are living in the
intestine of poultry birds and are responsible for the less egg laying capacity, loss of apetite,
less flesh production. But by the using of neem plant we can cure the poultry from parasite
infection. And the outcome is we are getting high egg laying, healthy poultry birds so due to
which we can improve the economic value.
Phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-oxidant activity of Bacopa monnieri
M. Sharmila
Department of Zoology,GDC (W), Srikalahasthi.
Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal plant, which has been traditionally used in most of the
neurological diseases. Qualitative estimation of methanolic and aqueous extract indicates
the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, phenols, steroids, saponins and essential oils.
Estimation of total phenols, flavanoids, alkaloids and saponins has been carried out to
determine quantitavely. In vitro antioxidant activity such as H 2O2 scavenging activity,
thiobarbituric acid (TBA) scavenging activity and nitric oxide scavenging activity showed
a potent antioxidant and radical scavenging activity in methanol extract. The
Phytochemical and antioxidant activity results were taken into consideration to carry out
the further investigation.
Keywords: Bacopa monnieri, Phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant assay
Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Thevetia
peruviana(Pers.) K. Schum
S. Thejaswi1* andM. Uma Devi2.
1
Department of Biochemistry, St Mary’s College, Hyderabad, Telangana.
2
Department of Biotechnology, Aurora College, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Email id: thejaswi@stmaryscollege.in
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum,belongs to family Apocynaceae and commonly called
as Mexican oleander, Yellow oleander or lucky nut tree. It is an ornamental plant and mostly
all the parts of plant (flowers, leaves, seed and root) are medicinally used. In the present
investigation the presence of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial activity and
antioxidant properties of the root, leaf and stem extracts of the plant are studied. Methonolic
and aqueous extracts of different plant parts were obtained and assessed for their antioxidant
as well as antibacterial activity. These activities were determined by using standard protocols
with some modifications. The antibacterial activity was observed against test organisms like
Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. The results show that the inhibitory action of the methonolic extract was
relatively more than that of aqueous extract. The phytochemical evaluation reveals the
presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, Terpenoids etc. This investigation
finds that methanolic extracts of Thevetia peruviana has significant antioxidant activity. The
plant extracts show promising free radical scavenging activity and comparable activity
against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. There is a good scope to develop natural
drugs to reduce oxidative stress and to fight against bacterial pathogens.
Key words: Thevetia peruviana, phytochemical constituents, antibacterial activity,
antioxidant properties.
Medicinal flora described in Lalitāsahasranāmastothram and their significance
Devarinti Srihari Reddy, Govt. Degree College, Ramannapet, Nalgonda Dist. 508113.
Lalitāsahasranāmastothram is one among the most popular stothras enchanted in the
Hindu rituals. It is taken from Uttarakanda of Bramhandapurana. Lord Hayagriva gave this
stothra to great sage Agasthya. Goddess Sri Lalitha Devi is depicted by thousand names with
the descriptions about flowers and creepers of Michelia champacaL.(Champaca), Saraca
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asoca(Roxb.)Wilde.(Asoka), Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Punnaga), Punica granatum
L.(Dadimi), Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.)Miq.(Kadamba), Nelumbo nucifera
Gaertn.(Kamala/Padma), Stereospermum chelonoides (L.f.) DC.(Patali), Bauhinia purpurea
L.(Mandara), Santalum album L.(Chandana)as her ornamentations. All these plants have
medicinal properties according to the recent research findings and cure many diseases.
In vitro Propagation of Spine Gourd (Momordica dioica. Roxb.)
V. Prathap Reddy, A. Ravi Charan, Ranjit Kumar Nagireddy
PRR Biotech Innovations Pvt. Ltd.
Spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) commonly known as kakrol / spine gourd, a
cucurbitaceous crop (2n=28) originated in the Indo-Malayan region (Rashid, 1976; Singh,
1980, Karim and Ullah, 2011). It is an important rainy season vegetable which is
commercially grown in certain districts of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh with high food
value, containing good amount of carotene (162 mg/100 g) and protein (3.1 g/100 g) amongst
all Cucurbitaceous vegetables (Gopalan et al., 1982). Traditionally the fruits, leaves and
tuberous roots are used by the diabetic patient. The plant was also reported to possess anti allergic, antimalarial, anti-feedant, nematocidal and antibacterial properties (Nabi et al.,
2002), anti-oxidants, hepatoprotective (Jain et al., 2008) and used as a remedy of jaundice
and bleeding pile (Deokule, 2008). The leaves are used as an aphrodisiac, to remove
intestinal parasites, treatment of fever, asthma and piles. The roots (paste) of female plant
were used to heal bleeding piles and also used for the treatment of kidney stones, jaundice,
ulcers. The fruit is considered pungent, bitter, hot, alexiteric, stomachie and luxative and
plays a role in cures for biliousness, asthma, leprosy, bronchitis, fever, tumors, urinary
discharges, excessive salivation, and heart disease, Juice of the fruit is a domestic remedy for
inflammation (Kumar and Prajapati, 2003). Spine gourd is effective against acute renal
failure (Jain and Singhai, 2009) and Ethanol and aqueous extracts of spine gourd had
antioxidant and hepato-protective activity (Jain et al., 2008).
In spite of its multiple uses, the crop remained underutilized and underexploited. As a
crop, kakrol has a number of problems, including low yield, Fruits become inedible at
maturity owing to the presence of large number of hard seeds, low rate of tuber production
(10-20 tuberous pieces per year); germination of seeds is very low or impossible due to hard
seed coat (Rashid 1976, Mondal et al., 2006), non-availability of improved varieties,
difficulties in propagation by seed due to dormancy, dormancy of tubers and unpredictable
sex ratio in seedling progeny (Ali et al., 1991, Mustafa et al., 2013 ).
Presently its propagation entirely depends partly on underground tuberous and largely
on seed. Maintaining tuber quality in field conditions as well as to conserve it in storage is
difficult. Maintaining optimum female to male ratio 10:1 through seed propagation is also
difficult. Micro-propagation may help in overcoming these problems to a great extent. An
attempt of in vitro propagation of this plant was demonstrated by many workers (Hoque et
al., 1995; Nabi et al., 2002; Karim and Ullah, 2011, Devendra et al., 2009; Rai et al., 2012;
Mustafa et al., 2013). They have not been many successful stories of commercialization on
micro-propagation of spine gourd in India or in neighbouring countries. In view of the above
the research work on the development of large scale propagation of planting material of spine
gourd employing the tissue culture has been developed at PRR Biotech Innovations Pvt. Ltd.
This micropropagation procedure could be useful for raising genetically uniform planting
material of known sex for commercial cultivation or build-up of plant material of a specific
sex-type.
Multiple shoots were induced from nodal, shoot tip and axillary bud of Momordica
dioica Roxb. The maximum number of multiple shoots was obtained from MS medium
containing BAP (2.0 mg L -1) and KIN (1.0 mg L -1) for nodal explants, BAP (1.0 mg L -1)
combined with NAA (0.5 mg L -1) for shoot tip and BAP (2.0 mg L -1) with NAA (0.5 mg L
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-1) for axillary buds. Maximum elongation of shoots from nodal, shoot tip and axillary bud
explants occurred on MS medium augmented with BAP at 0.75 mg L -1 and 1.0 mg L -1 .
Elongated shoots were harvested and transferred to MS medium containing IBA (1.0 mg L 1) for root induction. Rooted plants were acclimatized and further successfully transferred to
the field.
Abbreviations: BAP-N 6 -benzyl amino purine, IBA -indole-3-butyric acid, KIN -kinetin,
MS medium -Murashige and Skoog (1962), NAA -naphthalene acetic acid.
In vitro regeneration from different explants of Costus pictus - an insulin plant
G.Sulakshana* and A.Sabitha Rani
Department of Botany, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyd.
*Email: sulakshanasagar@gmail.com
Costus pictus (Family:Costaceae) is an important medicinal plant widely used in traditional
and modern system of medicine. The rhizomes contain diosgenin a steroidal saponin which is
commonly used in treating diabetes. There is an increased demand for diosgenin production
from Costus. Thus indiscriminate collection of these plants from the natural habitats is
leading to their depletion. Therefore there is a need to conserve and propagate these plants.
The present study was taken up to standardize in vitro regeneration of Costus pictus
using different explants (mature leaves, young leaves, nodal and rhizome segments). The
explants were cultured on SH media supplemented with different concentrations and
combination of hormones like BAP, IBA, IAA, NAA and KN to inducing direct regeneration.
Shoot buds appeared within 15-20 days from nodal and rhizome segments, whereas mature
and young leaves did not respond for regeneration. Among all the combinations of hormones
used, highest shoot regeneration (78.2%) was observed from nodal explants in SH media with
1 mg/l BAP+ 1 mg/l IBA. The rhizome segments exhibited moderate regeneration of 53.3%.
Therefore nodal explants were taken for in vitro regeneration. To induce rooting, regenerated
shoots were transferred onto SH media containing different concentrations of IAA and IBA.
Among the two hormones, IBA 1 mg/l showed good rooting (63%) compared with IAA
(40%).The regenerated plants were then transferred to the field with 92% survival rate.
Study of Ethnomedicinal Plants of Bheemgal region of Nizamabad District
T.Uma kiran 1 and M.Chandra kumar 2
1.Department of Botany, Girraj Government College, Nizamabad.
2. Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Nirmal.
Ethnobotany is the study of the utilitarian relationship between human beings and
vegetation in their environment including medicinal uses. Indian subcontinent is known for
its rich flora and fauna. The knowledge of modern plants has been accumulated in the course
of many centuries based on different medicinal system like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani.
Since pre-historic times, plants and their extracts have been used for their healing properties.
Our present investigation focused primarily on how plants are used in medicine and
construction. The data is collected through personal interviews with village dwellers,
traditional healers, and from herbal medicinal practitioners. The identified plants were
documented for treatment of various ailments like skin diseases, kidney stones, antihelminthic, constipation, asthma and bronchitis etc.
Medicinal Value of Rice Types for Human Health in India – A Review
G. Praveen Kumar, A. Poshadri*, N. Sandhyakishore and B. Joseph.
Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad.
*College of Food Science & Technology
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a “Global Grain” grown in different eco- geographical regions
of the world and feeds more than 3 billion peoples. Today the world is suffering with chronic
disease due to deficiency of vital nutrients in the diets. In order to overcome this problem,
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rice supplemented with micronutrients is an important substitute for human malnutrition. In
india, the tribal people and small farmers of the remote areas still growing indigenous rice
varieties having nutritional and medicinal values. There are various types of Indian rice like
White rice, Brown rice, Red rice, sticky rice, Black rice, Basmathi rice, Jasmine rice etc., that
are healthy and contains vital nutritients. The paper is focused on types of rice and their
nutritonal imporatnce. The White rice is the easiest food to digest at any time of the day and
it helps in relieving digestive disorders such as diarrhoea, dysentery, colitis and even morning
sickness. Brown Rice has less starch, less calories and an excellent source of soluble fibre.
The oil present in this rice is good to reduce bad cholesterol. Red Rice regulates blood sugar
and insulin. It contains vitamin B6, which is important to balance the formation of serotonin
and red blood cells. Black rice is helpful for patients who are suffering from Alzheimer's and
diabetes. Basmati Rice has a low to medium glycaemic index. It means that the energy
released is slower and comes at a steadier rate leading to a more balanced level of energy and
it contains fibre also.
Plant Tissue Culture Studies on Coccinia indica-A Vegetable Crop Plant
M. Venkateshwarlu(1) T.Ugendher(3) D.Srinivas(4)M.Nagaraju(1) P.Sreevani (2)and
B.Mallaiah(1)
(1)Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506009 T.S. India
(2)Department of Physics, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506009 T.S. India
(3)Department of Botany, S.R.R. PG College, Karimnagar – T.S. India
(4)Department of Botany, Telangana University, Nizamabad–T.S. India
drvenkat6666@gmail.com
Plant tissue culture methods were applied for micro propagation of this medicinal
important plant. The study established reliable and reproducible protocol for rapid multiple
shoots induction from stem node explants of Coccinica indica. Using different concentration
and combination of cytokinins. A reliable regeneration system culminating in the formation
of complete from the mature stem nodes segments having 4–6 nodes. After initial swelling a
maximum of 6 – 10 shoot buds were obtained on MS medium supplemented with a
combination of Kn and BAP moreover like Adenine sulphate, ascorbic acid. Citric acid and
glutamine were also found to be beneficial when incorporated in the above mentioned
medium sholls was obtained on a separate media comprising of half the concentration of M.S.
inorganic salts and high concentration of IAA, BAP, Kn, plantlets thus obtained were
hardened acclimatized and finally transferred successfully to field conditions. The percentage
of explants exhibiting shoot induction was found to be between 50-60 i. most of the
concentrations of Benzyl amino purine. Several workers in past have micro propagated. Some
of the important Asclepiadaceae members such as Ceroegia bulbosa (Britto et al, 2003)..
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 0.5 to 2.0 mg/l BAP was found to
be optimum to induce shoots directly from the stem node explants. The present study was to
develop a rapid system for regenerating shoots from mature stem node explants of Coccinica
indica. Since very scarce information is available about micro propagation of this important
vegetable crop plant, an attempt was made to develop a reproducible protocol for multiple
shoot induction form stem node explants of one the culture.
Study of Medicinal Values and Health benefits of Mustard Plant
P. Latha1 and B. VidyaVardhini*2
1
Lecturer, Govt. Degree College, Armoor, Nizamabad, Telangana State
2
* Professor and Head, Dept. of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally-503322, Nizamabad
Email: latharajeshwar@yahoo.com
Mustard (Brassica junceae) is an oil yielding plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae
which is grown throughout the world. In India the Brassica crops occupy the second largest
position after groundnut, with 3-5 million hectares, producing about 2 Million Tonnes of seed
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annually. Mustard greens are easy to grow and have become a gardening favorite. This
delicious and nutritious vegetables crop can be grown for most of the spring, summer and
fall. With a little care you can enjoy this crop for most of the year.Plants are important
sources of vitamins, minerals and flavonoids which are useful for maintaining good health of
human beings. The seeds can also be pressed to make mustard oil and the edible leaves can
be eaten as mustard greens. Mustard is a pungent winter vegetable plant, abundant when
other vegetables plants are not in season. Mustard greens found to have more vitamin A,
carotenes, vitamin K, and flavonoid, anti-oxidants than some of typical fruits and vegetables.
Mustard and its oil have been used as a topical treatment for rheumatism and arthritis, as a
foot bath for aching feet, and in the form of plasters over the back and chest to treat
bronchitis and pneumonia. The characteristic pungent flavor of mustard oil is due to allyl
isothiocyanate. Mustard oil has about 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (42% erucic acid and
12% oleic acid); it has about 21% polyunsaturated fats (6% the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid
and 15% the omega-6 linoleic acid), and it has about 12% saturated fats. Internally, mustard
seeds have been used as appetite stimulants, emetics and diuretics. This paper studies the
medicinal values of Mustard plant for obtaining health benefits to the human beings.
Keywords: Mustard Plant, Medicinal Values, Vitamins, Flavonoids, Health Benefits
Plants of Adilabad Forest used by Hakim for the Treatment of Certain Diseases
Shaik Hafeez and J.Chapla
Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad.
Adilabad forest occupies about 7219 sq.km. The total population of tribals are 4,
17,000 (approximately). The present study was carried out recently. Practical work of
administering medicines for Snakebites, Bone setting and Paranochiya disease and cure were
recorded from the effected persons with the help of local Hakim. The forest of Adilabad is an
excellent example for plant bio-diversity with a very good number of medicinal plants. The
tribal people and the surrounding villagers of Adilabad forest mainly depend on the local
hakim for the treatment of their diseases. Different snake bites have different medicinal plants
for the treatment, different symptoms, different dosages and different timings, for example
Naja Naja and Russell Viper. The same is the case for Bone setting and paranochiya. The
hakim treats the patients free of cost. Hence the hakim commands lot of respect and regards.
Antibacterial Activity in Methanolic Leaves Extract of Madhuca indica L.
Yahya Khan and Sahera Nasreen
P.G. Department of Botany, Government Institute of Science and Research Center,
Nipat Niranjan Nagar, Caves Road, Aurangabad -431004 (M.S.)
Corresponding author Email id – yahyakhan28@gmail.com
Abstract
Anti-bacterial activity of methanolic extracts of Madhuca indica was screened by agar Disc
diffusion method. The results revealed that the methanolic extract exhibited significant
antimicrobial activity of concentration of 100, 250, 500, 1000 µg/ml respectively against
tested organisms, particularly more effective against gram – ve bacteria staphylococcus
aureus and gram –ve bacteria Escherichia coli than the aqueous extract when compared to
the standard drug (streptomycin).
Keywords- Madhuca indica, antimicrobial activity S. aureus, E. coli.
IntroductionMadhuca indica belonging to family Sapotaceae is an important economic tree growing
throughout India. Traditionally Madhuca indica.Leaves have been used as an Anti-diabetic,
Rheumatism, Ulcers, Bleedings and Tonsillits. The flowers, seeds and seed oil of Madhuca
have great medicinal value. Externally, the seed oil massage is very effective to alleviate
pain. In skin diseases, the juice of flowers is rubbed for oleation. It is also beneficial as a
nasya (nasal drops) in diseases of the head due to pitta, like sinusitis. The purpose of the
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present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the methanol leaves extract
of Madhuca indica.The external applications are skin effections, analgesic anti pyretic,antioxidant
and anti diabetic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant materialDisease free leaves were collected from the campus of Government Institute of Science,
Aurangabad. The collected leaves were surface sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride & then
washed with D/W 2-3 times separately & shade dried. Fine powder were made after complete
drying and used for the experimental work.
Solvent Extraction of Leaves –
Extracts were made in 80% methanol at room temperature by simple extraction method
(Deshpande et al). 10 gm dried powder of leavesmixed with 100ml solvent in 250 ml flask
and were kept on shaker for 24 hrs. Then it was allowed to stand for the 30 min to stand the
plant material. Thereafter it was filtered & centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 15 min .The
supernatant was collected &solvent was evaporated at 45 0C in vacuum evaporator to make
the final volume 1/5 of the original volume
Determination of Antibacterial activity Culture media –
For antibacterial test Nutrient Agar/broth was purchased from Hi-Media Pvt. Ltd Bombay,
India.
Inoculums Preparation –The bacteria were inoculated into Nutrient broth &Incubated
at37oC for 18 hrs & suspension was checked to provide approximately 3x 10 5 cfu/ml.
Microorganism Used –
The pure culture of test microorganism Bacillus cereus, E.coli. Staphylococcus aures,
P.auroginosa was isolated from different samples in the Dept. of Botany Government
Institute of science, Aurangabad (M.S.)
Antibacterial assayThe Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract analysed by using disc diffusion assay
(Dugler and Gomez, 2004) sterile disc was used for the present investigation. The extracts
were incorporated to the sterile disc individually with 100, 250, 500, and 1000 µl using
micropipette. Precautions were taken to prevent the flow of solvent extract from the disc
outer surface .commercial antibiotic streptomycin (20 ml) was used for the positive control
.The Disc was placed on the nutrient agar plates in which the bacteria were inoculated and
spread uniformly and incubated at 37 oC+ 1oC for 24 hrs. The diameter of zone of inhibition
was measured in mm.
Table 3-Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Madhuca indica
S.No.
Test Microorganism
1
2
3
E.coli.
S.aureus
B. cereus
4
P. auroginosa
Zone of inhibition(mm)
Conc. of methanolic leaf extract( µl )
100
+
+++
+++
+
250
+
+++
+++
+
Zone of inhibition (mm)
Streptomycin(µl)
500
++
+++
+++
1000
+++
++++
++++
400
+++++
+++++
+++++
++
+++
+++++
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Plate 1: Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Madhuca indica
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Alcoholic extracts of leaves of Madhuca indica, were screened for antimicrobial activities
against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
and at dose level ranging from 100 µl/ml, 250 µl/ml, 500 µl/ml and 1000 µl/ml. (Table 1)
methanolic extracts of Madhuca indica, leaves inhibited all the bacterial strains tested. All the
doses (100 µg/ml to 1000 µg/ml) showed zone of inhibition against all the bacteria, even at a
dose of 100µg/ml of extract exhibited significant zone of inhibition comparable to standard
antibiotic (streptomycin) against S. aureus. For leaf extract B. cereus exhibited maximum
inhibition (18 mm) which was greater than that of standard. For all other bacteria 100 µg/ml
concentration of the extract was sufficient to produce effective inhibition. Concentration
which were comparable to standard antifungal agent Streptomycin. Thus leaves of alcoholic
extracts of Madhuca indica, were found to be inhibitory against all the bacteria tested.
Antibacterial activities of alcoholic extracts of leaves of Madhuca indica, could be attributed
to the presence of biological compounds like 2-Furan methanol, 4H pyran 4-one, 2,3-dihydro
3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl,Thiophene, 2-Furancarboxyaldehyde-5-(hydroxymethyl) and 1,4tetra decanediol .The use of medicinal plants play a vital role in covering the basic health
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needs in developing countries and these plants may offer a new sources of antibacterial,
antifungal and antiviral agents with significant activity against inflective microorganisms.
CONCLUSION
The present study indicates that Madhuca indica, extracts have broad inhibitory activities to
pathogenic microorganism and to act as potential antibacterial agent from natural sources. In
general, commercial antibiotic and antifungal drugs causes side effects such as liver, kidney
and gastrointestinal tract toxicity. Severe hepatotoxicity had also been reported in patients
undergoing antifungal drug therapy. However, herbal remedies often do not produce any side
effects. Therefore, alternative medicine become popular remedy to various types of ailments
In conclusion, Madhuca indica extracts have revealed significant antibacterial activities
against test organisms used for the study.
Impact of Sulphur dioxide on medicinal value of Cassiatora
T. Prasannarani1 , D. U Gawai2
1
Dept. of Botany, Lal bahadur shastri Mahavidyalaya, Dharmabad (M.S)
2
Dept. of Botany, Science College Nanded (M.S)
Abstract:
Cassia tora L. is popularly known for its medicinal value and various chemicals it possess. It
is useful in treatment of fever, skin diseases, and acts as nerve tonic, acts as substitute for
coffee and many more properties. But in nature being stationary and continuously exposed to
polluted atmosphere particularly Sulphur dioxide there is tremendous effect on morphology
and growth causing ultimately impact on its medicinal properties. In the present study an
attempt has been made to understand the effect of different concentrations of Sulphur dioxide
(10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm) on the growth and morphological characters of Cassia tora
seedlings. At the end of 15 days the effects were recorded in terms of colour and nature of
leaves, stem, lamina, and dry weight of the plant. As the concentration of SO 2 increased
(50ppm) different notable changes were recorded like change in the turgidity and inward
curling of the leaves. Dry weight of the plant decreased with increase in the concentration of
SO2 where as no change was noted in the nature of roots.
I.
Introduction
A wide array of toxic substances including gases and particulates are emitted from the
industries, especially from large industrial complexes, which affect our food supplies, health
and economy. In particular these atmospheric pollutants adversely affect the growth and yield
of practically all crop plants and structures of natural ecosystem. In India SO 2 has been
recognized as a major air pollutant in urban and industrial areas (Chakraborty and Rao., 1962;
Aiyanger et al., 1973; Yennwar et al., 1970). SO 2 not only affect well being of man kind,
animals but also vegetation inclucing many medicinal plants (Rao et al., 1977). Cassia tora L.
is one of the medicinal plant which posses various chemical. It is useful in treatment of fever,
skin diseases, acts as nerve tonic, acts as substitute for coffee and many more medicinal
properties. The effects of air pollution on the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of
plants have long been recognized (Koziol and Whatley, 1984; Treshow, 1985; Ahmed et al.,
1988). The leaves of the plants are highly exposed organs and they express most of the
obvious effects. The present investigation deals with the effects of SO 2 on the growth and
morphological characters like nature of leaves, nature of stem, nature of roots, and leaf
lamina of Cassia tora L seedlings.
II.
Materials and Methods
The seeds of Cassia tora were collected from Marathwada Agriculture University, Parbhani.
Earthen pots of 25 cm2 diameter were filled with adequately fertilized sterilized black cotton
soil and each to 15 seeds were sown. The thinning was done at the age of 10 days and only 10
plants were allowed to grow up to the age of 15 days. Pots were irrigated as and when
required. The pots were exposed to different concentrations of SO 2 (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50
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ppm) was generated by following Khan and Kulshreshtra, 1991). The seedlings of Cassia tora
L having the age of 21 days were placed in exposure chamber at different concentration for 6
hrs duration. After completion of the desired exposures of seedling, morphological changes
were observed.
III.
Observations
Effect of SO 2 on morphological changes of seedlings of Cassia tora L.
SO2 ppm
(v/v)
Control
1
2
3
4
5
Nature of Leaves
Nature of stem
Nature of
roots
Nature of Lamina
Dry
weight
(gm)
3.18
No change
No change
No
change
No change
Two bottom
leaves turned to
pale yellow
Older leaves
turned pale
yellow.
Leaves became
leathery. Leaves
near to roots pale
yellow.
Leaves near to the
roots are yellow.
Stem turned pale
yellowish green
No
change
Old leaf lamina edge Brittle
/ Dried, Green coloured.
3.12
Pale yellow colour loss of
rigidity
No
change
Edge of Old leaf lamina was
Brittle
2.83
Pale yellow colour
Weaker & loss of
turgidity
No
change
Leaf lamina curling inward
with Brittleness/Dryness.
2.55
Yellow coloured. Loss of
turgidity
No
change
2.31
Older leaves are
yellow in colour.
Stem was pale yellow. It
is highly weak with loss
of turgidity.
No
change
Leaf lamina curling inward
with Brittleness/Dryness
and total leaves of seedlings
shows such symptoms.
Leaf lamina Dry & Brittle
to touch.
2.01
Results and Discussion
In the present investigations growth and morphological changes of Cassia tora were
observed at different concentrations of SO 2. It is evident from the results presented in table
that, the seedlings of Cassia tora L. showed the following changes at the end of 15 days. The
two leaves turned pale yellow at lower concentration of SO 2 (10 ppm) where as older leaves
turned yellow at higher concentration (50 ppm). The Lamina of older leaves became
Brittle/Dried at edge at lower concentration (10 ppm) SO 2, while at higher concentration (50
ppm) of SO2 all the leaves of seedling showed such symptoms along with inward curling of
leaves. Stem was observed Pale yellowish green at lower concentration (10 ppm) while it
became yellow, weak with loss of turgidity at higher concentration. No change was recorded
in nature of roots. According to Halbwachs, 1984, very young or not yet fully expanded
leaves, are relatively resistant and fully expanded leaves are more sensitive than the older
ones.
It is also evident from table that the dry weight of seedling decreased with increase in
concentration of SO2. Similar kind of results were observed by Ayer and Bedi (1990) when
maize plants were exposed in fumigation chamber with different concentration of SO 2. In
their study, no of leaves, leaf area, biochemical parameters and yield was recorded maximum
in 1.0 ppm SO2 exposure. In case of long term exposure to low SO2 concentrations the older
leaves of Betavulgaris, Viciafabamalus and pyrus showed injury symptoms usually earlier
then the younger ones (Guderian 1977). In conclusion, our study shows that change in the
nature of leaves of Cassiatora due to SO2 can affect the functional contents there by altering
its medicinal properties.
IV.
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Medicinal plants used to cure amoebiasis in Khammam District of Telangana, India
Dr. Ratna Manjula, R.
Lecturer in Botany, Government Degree College, Rammannapet, Nalgonda District,
Email: rratnamanjula1973@gmail.com
Abstract
The present study yielded 18 species belonging to 17 genera and 17 families used for curing
Amoebiasis by the aborigines of the district. Symptoms of amoebiasis are usually
gastrointestinal including diarreah, vo,iting, abdominal pain or discomfort and fever. There
are eight herbs, six trees, two shrubs. CAESALPINIACEAE family is dominant family with
2 plants followed by Acanthaceae, Araceae, Asclepiadaceae, Bombacaceae, Combretaceae,
Dilleniaceae, Euphorbiaceae,Flacourtiaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Lythraceae, Musaceae,
Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Punicaceae, Rutaceae, Sapotaceaewith each one. Of all the 18
practices, 16 practices involved one plant only, two practices involved two plants.
Keywords: Ethnomedicine, Amoebiasis, Khammam district, Telangana
INTRODUCTION
Traditional herbal therapy is an age old practice (Rawat & Chaudhury 1998). This has cured
varied diseases in the past and is still a favorite way out for the indigenous tribe. In fact, the
traditional healing practices are arousing curiosity among various researches from all round
the professions to go in depth into this subject (Tag et al 2005). Ancient traditional treatment
methodology earns fame from its ethnic tribes, who still believe that traditional methods of
application in curing many incurable diseases where modern medicine definite limitations.
For the forest dwelling groups, age old practice of application plant-drugs for bone fracture,
jaundice, pneumonia, diabetes, etc are still in demand to their modern counter pant (i.e.
allopathic/ modern medicine). The local made herbal treatments along with enchantment for
fast recovery by their local doctors are more sought after by the local tribes (Kala 2005).
The Study Area Location, Topography and Geomorphology
Khammam district came into existence on October 1, 1953. It was carved out from the taluks
of Warangal and East Godavari districts and occupies an area of 16,029 km2 covering 46
Mandal Praja Parishads. It lies between 16° 45' and 18° 35' North latitude and between 79°
47' and 80° 47' East longitude. The total population of the district is 25, 78, 927 of which 6,
82,617 (26.46%) are scheduled tribes as per 2001 census. The district presents a rough
topography with dissected uplands and hills, which sometimes exceeds 600 m. Temperature
varies from 10 to 44° C. The average rainfall of the district is 1045 mm. The main tribes of
the district are Koyas, Gonds/Naikpods, Lambadas and KondaReddis. The district has more
than 52.6% forest land with 4 divisions. Dry deciduous, moist deciduous, riparian, scrub and
grass land forest types are predominant. Though Filarial disease is important diseases
exclusive studies on it are not many, necessitating the present investigation in Khammam
district of Telangana state.
METHODOLOGY
An ethnobotanical survey was conducted during 2008-11 among the tribal communities of
the district. Elder people, medicine men, tribal physicians and village old mothers were
consulted to record first-hand information on ethnomedicinal uses, methods of preparation
and administration of crude drugs. The information from the tribal people was compared with
literature.
Enumeration
Alocasia indica Schott ARACEAE
VN: Enugu chevi aku E: Large leaved caladium, Gaint taro
Stout coarse herbs; leaves 2-4 feet long, deeply cordate, basal lobes ovate; petioles
long and stout; spathe stalked; flowers unisexual; spadix free; perianth 0; stamens 3 -8,
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connate into a synandrium; ovary unicarpellary, unilocular; ovules few; style very short;
stigmas 2-4 lobed; berries obconical or ellipsoid; seeds subglobose.
Fl & Fr: Jun-Nov Wild
Leaf decoction mixed with equal quantities of Cuminum cyminum and Foeniculam vulgare is
administered in 3 spoonful daily twice 3-5 d.
Cassia auriculata L.CAESALPINIACEAE
VN: Tangedu S: Avartaki H: Taswar E: Tanners cassia
Shrub; branchlets finely pubescent; leaves long, leaftets 8-12 pairs, glands between
leaflets; corymbs axillary and terminal, often panicled; petals yellow, veined; pod flat,
dehiscent, obtuse.
Fl&Fr: Nov-May Wild.
Three spoonful of stem decoction is administered twice a day for 3 d.
Cassia italica (Mill.) Lam. ex Andr. CAESALPINIACEAE
VN: Sunamuki E: Country senna
Deffuse herb or undershrubs; leaves pinnate; leaflets 4-8 pairs, obovate; ellipticoblong; foliar glands absent; flowers yellow, in axillary racemes; stamens 10; pods curved.
Fl & Fr: Oct-May Wild.
Stem with that of Ficus hispida made into paste is administered in 2 spoonful twice a day till
cure.
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. BOMBACACEAE
VN: Tella buruga S: Swetha salmali H: Safed samul E: White silk cotton tree
Tall tree, trunk straight, prickly when young, branches horizontal; leaves 6-9 foliolate,
leaflets oblanceolate or elliptic or oblong; flowers clustered at the ends of branches, white or
yellowish; fruit ellipsoidal capsule, seeds many.
Fl & Fr: Jan – May Wild and cultivated.
Stem bark decoction is taken in one spoonful twice a day.
Ceropegia junceaRoxb. ASCLEPIADACEAE
VN: Bellagadda E: Leafless goglet flower
Twining herb; stems fleshy; leaves decidous; flowers brownish-purple, solitary or in
cymes, axillary; sepals and petals 5 each; pollinia oblong; follicles cylindric (Fig. 65).
Fl & Fr: Aug-Feb Wild.
Five ml of root decoction mixed with a cup of curd is taken once a day till cure.
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.HYPOXIDACEAE
VN: Nela tadi S: Musali tala mulika H: Kala Musali E: Black musali
A small herb with corm, root stock elongate; leaves lanceolate narrow, flowers
yellow, solitary, perianth lobes 6, stamens 6, ovary hidden among the leaves, 3 celled,
stigmas 3; fruit somewhat succulent; seeds globose.
Fl&Fr: Jul-Oct Wild.
Five g of tuber powder mixed with a cup of curd is administered twice a day for 3 d.
Dillenia indicaL. DILLENIACEAE
VN: Kalinga chettu, Revadachettu S: Korhotta H: Chalta E: Elephant apple
A medium to large sized tree; branches spreading; leaves sharply serrate; flowers
creamy; sepals thick; fruit fleshy enclosed in accrescent fleshy sepals; seeds compressed,
embedded in glutinous pulp.
Fl: May-Jul Fr: Mar-Apr (next year) Wild.
Ten g of young fruits are boiled and eaten.
Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.)Merr.FLACOURTIACEAE
VN: Kana regu S: Aghori H: Kancu E: Governor’s plum
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A small tree; branchlets sparsely armed; leaves simple, oblong, orbicular or obovate,
cuneate at base, crenulate, retuse at apex; flowers pale yellow, in racemes; fruits globose,
dark purple drupes with juicy pulpy and hard endocap.
Fl & Fr: Jan – Jun Wild.
Two spoonful of leaf juice mixed with half spoon of dried ginger powder is administered
twice a day for 3 d.
Lepidogathis cristata Willd. ACANTHACEAE
VN: Nakka pitha gadda E: Cristata
Herbs with stout rootstocks; leaves linear-oblong; flowers white, in globose spikes;
clustered at the base of the stem.
Fl & Ft: Nov – Mar Wild.
Thirty ml of whole plant decoction is taken once for 3 d.
Mimusops elengi L.SAPOTACEAE
VN: Pogada S: Bakula H: Mulsari E: Spanish cherry
Medium sized evergreen tree, bark scaly; leaves variable, elliptic-oblong, tip
acuminate, margin entire, coriaceous, base truncate to acute; flowers solitary or few in
fascicles of 2-6; fruit ovoid berry.
Fl & Fr: Mar – May Wild and cultivated.
Two spoonful of fruit pulp mixed with one spoon of sugar is taken once a day for 3 d.
Musa ornata Roxb. MUSACEAE
VN: Adavi arati E: Wild banana
Herbs; leaves broadly elliptic; inflorescence erect; peduncle glabrous; flowers of the
basal bracts uniseriate, female 6-flowered, lotus pink; flowers of the upper bracts male; ovary
oblong, stigma capitate; staminodes 5; male flowers uniseriate; fruits yellowish when ripe;
seeds numerous, black.
Fl & Fr: Aug-Nov Wild.
Young shoots are made into juice and administered in 2 spoonful once a day till cure.
Naringi crenulata (Roxb.)Nicol. RUTACEAE
VN: Torri velaga E: Dog’s wood apple
Deciduous thorny trees; spines axillary, straight; leaves in clusters; leaflets 3 pairs,
ovate or elliptic; flowers 4 or 5 merous, white, in axillary racemes; berries globose; seeds 3 or
4, ovoid.
Fl & Fr: Apr-Sept Wild.
Thirty ml of stem decoction mixed with a cup of milk is administered once a day till cure.
Phyllanthus emblica L. EUPHORBIACEAE
VN: Usiri S: Amalaki H: Amla E: Indian gooseberry
A deciduous tree, branchlets reddish brown, villous; leaves linear, apiculate, pinnately
on the branchlets, stipules scarious; flowers minute, monoecious, in axillary fascicles, tepals
6, stamens 3, ovary 3 celled, fruit drupe, green, globose.
Fl & Fr: Jun-Mar Cultivated.
Twenty ml of leaf juice mixed with half spoon of seeds of trigonella is administered twice a
day for 3 d.
Piper nigrum L.PIPERACEAE
VN: Miriyalu S: Maricha H: Kali-mirch E: Black pepper
A stout glabrous climbing perennial, rooting at the nodes; leaves simple, alternate, cordate,
very variable in breadth, broadly ovate; flowers minute, bisexual, in axillary spikes; fruiting
spikes very variable in length, fruits ovoid or globose, 1-seeded berries, black when mature.
Fl & Fr: Jun – Apr Cultivated.
One spoon of seed powder is taken with one spoon of buttermilk once a day till cure.
Punica granatum L. PUNICACEAE
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VN: Dhanimma S: Dadimasara H: Anar E: Pomegranate
A glabrous, deciduous, small tree, branchlets often spine tipped; leaves oblanceolate
or oblong; flowers bright-red, solitary or 2-3 together, terminal; fruit globose berry, crowned
by persistent calyx-lobes, interior separate with membranous wall, pulp pellucid, pinkish.
Fl & Fr: May – DecCultivated.
Half cup of fruit juice is taken twice a day till cure.
Syzygium cumini L. MYRTACEAE
VN: Adavii jinne, Neredu S: Jambuh H: Jambhal E: Indian cherry
Tree with grey bark, exfoliating; leaves coriaceous, elliptic, acuminate, shining;
flowers tetramerous, subsessile in trichotomous lateral panicles; petals united into calyptra
and falling off in one piece; berries ovoid or oblong, dark purple, juicy; 1 seeded.
Fl&Fr: Mar-Aug Wild and cultivated.
One spoonful of stem bark decoction is administered daily twice till cure.
Terminalia bellirica(Gaertn.)Roxb.COMBRETACEAE
VN: Tani S: Vibhutak H: Bahera E: Belleric myrobalan
A large deciduous tree; leaves long petioled, densely clustered at the ends of branchlets,
elliptic-oblong, acute, coriaceous; flowers pale yellow in axillary spikes, upper flowers male,
lower ones bisexual; fruits sub-globose clothed with fine rusty felt (Fig. 130).
FI & Fr: Mar – May Wild and cultivated.
Gum is ground and the powder is administered in 10 g dose along with a cup of cow milk.
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz LYTHRACEAE
VN: Adavidraksha, Jujuki S: Dhataki H: Dhai E: Fire flame bush
Large shrub, with spreading branches; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, base rounded
or cordate, margin entire, apex acuminate; flowers in axillary clusters on slender pedicels,
corolla bright red; capsules oblong or ellipsoid, enclosed by persistent calyx tube, seeds
minute, pale brown, numerous, smooth.
Fl & Fr: Mar – Jun Wild.
Stem bark decoction is administered in 3 spoonful daily once till cure.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The present study yielded 18 species belonging to 17 genera and 17 families used for curing
Amoebiasis by the aborigines of the district. There are eight herbs, six trees, two shrubs.
Caesalpiniaceae family is dominant family with 2 plants followed by Acanthaceae, Araceae,
Asclepiadaceae, Bombacaceae, Combretaceae, Dilleniaceae, Euphorbiaceae,Flacourtiaceae,
Hypoxidaceae, Lythraceae, Musaceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Punicaceae, Rutaceae,
Sapotaceae with each one. Of all the 18 practices, 16 practices involved one plant only, two
practices involved two plants.
Present investigation indicates that Khammam district is blessed with magnificent diversity
of ethno-medicinal plants used to cure many diseases. The present study will give new
incentive to the traditional system of healthcare. Further, this approach for the treatment of
amoebiasis is a practical, cost-effective and biological safe.
Medicinal plants used in the treatment of Diabetes by ethnic people of Nizamabad
district, Telangana, India
J. Vasudev and B. Vidya Vardhini*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad -503322, India
E-mail id: drvidyavardhini@rediffmail.com
Abstract
An attempt has been made to compile the ethno botanical utilization of the data presented in
the present study which has brought into light around 25 species of medicinal plants which
are used by the tribals for their health care as well as day to day life of different ethnic groups
such as Kolams, Naikpods, Pardhans, Yerukalas and Lambada of Nizamabad district located
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in the northern part of the state. The traditional knowledge regarding the use of these plants is
widely applied by these ethnic groups. The diverse ethnic communities together with the
luxurious floristic diversity offer ample scope for the ethno botanical study in this district.
The indigenous groups depend either directly or indirectly on the products of the forest for
their livelihood and have, down age ages, preserved the knowledge about the traditional and
cultural uses of plants.
Keywords: Ethno botany, Diabetes, Nizamabad district, Telangana
Introduction
Nizamabad district is situated in the northern part of the state Telangana. It lies between 18-5'
and 19' of the northern latitudes, 77-40'and 78-37' of the eastern longitudes. The district is
bounded on the North by Adilabad district, East by Karimnagar District, South by Medak
district and West by Bidar District of Karnataka and Nanded district of Maharashtra. The
geographical area is around 7956 Sq. km’s i.e. 19,80,586 acres spread over 923 villages in 36
mandals. Major rivers such as Godavari and Manjeera crosses Nizamabad district with some
other streams Kalyani, Kaulas, Peddavagu also exist in the district.
Forests:
The forest is covering area of around 1.67 lacs hectares (4,18,450 acres) forming 22%
of the total geographical area of the district. The forests fall under the category of Southern
Tropical dry deciduous type. Thick forest belt produces major population of Dalbergia,
Tectona, Terminalia, Rhynchosia species. The forest produce, which includes timber, fuel,
bamboo and Diospyrosleaves yields good revenue. Mangoes and Custard apples grow well in
the district.
Forest Dwellers:
As per 2011 census the total population of the district is 25.51 lakhs and of which
these tribal population is 1.92 Lakhs. Lambada, Naikpod, Yerukalas etc. are major tribal
groups in the area. Of these, Lambada is found most abundant throughout the area. Besides
these tribal groups, several other communities are residing as forest dwellers.
Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda and
other Indian literature mentioned the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. In
India, indigenous plant remedies have been used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus since
the time of Charaka and Sushruta (6 th century BC). Plants have always been an exemplary
source of drugs and more than 80% of the currently available drugs have been derived
directly or indirectly from them. Medicinal plants have the advantage of having no or only
few side effects. Some of them are being used in traditional systems of medicine from
hundreds of years in many countries of the world. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug used
for the treatment of non-insulin-independent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. Metformin
is now believed to be the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug in the world; it was first
derived from a medicinal plant Galega officinalis, which was historically used for treatment
of diabetes in medieval Europe. There are many antidiabetic plants which might provide
useful sources for the development of drugs which can be used in the treatment of Diabetes
mellitus. The literature on medicinal plants with antidiabetic activity is vast, so a few
commonly used plants have been discussed here.
Methodology
For documentation of ethno-botanical information and collection of plant material,
several tours were undertaken during the period 2014 - 2015. Data presented here is based on
personal observations and interviews with traditional healers’ viz., medicine men, hakims and
old aged people and the methodology used is based on the methods available in literature
(Jain, 1989) and (Jain and Mudgal, 1999). Ethnobotanical information gathered was
documented in datasheets prepared. For collection of plant material, local informer
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accompanied the authors. Plant identification was done by using regional flora and flora of
adjoining districts (Pullaih and Rao, 1995; Cooke, 1958).
Medicinal uses of plants were compared with other major published literature
available (Ambasta, 1992; Anonymous, 1948-1976; Asolkar et al., 1956; 1969; Jain 1991;
Jain, 1996; 1999; Kapur 2001; Kirtikar & Basu, 1993; Pradhan et al.,2005; Reddy et al.,2007
; 2008; Reddy, 2008; Sharma & Singh, 2001).
Enumeration
The present ethno-botanical explorations conducted in forest areas of Nizamabad
resulted in the traditional plant uses of 25 plants species belonging to 42 families. The
following data includes botanical name of species, vernacular name, family, plant part used,
method of preparation of medicine and mode of administration and details about its
application. The name of the tribal group who provides the information is given in
parenthesis after each use. In case of the informer being a non tribal, he has been put in
category of forest dweller.
Table-1
S.No
Botanicalname
Commonnames
Part Used
Beneficialeffects
1.
Aloevera L.
Kalabanda
Family
Liliaceae
2.
Aegle marmelos L.
Bilva, Patri
Rutaceae
Seeds
3.
Amaranthuscaudatus L.
Thotakura
Amaranthaceae
Leaf
4.
Andrographis paniculata
(Burm.F.) Wall ex Nees.
Nelavemu
Acanthaceae
Leaf
Hypotriglyceridemic effect, α-amylase enzyme
inhibition
5.
Boerhaaviadiffusa L.
Nyctaginaceae
Leaf
6.
Azadirachtaindica L
Atakamamidi,
Punarnava
Vepa
Meliaceae
Leaf
Increases plasma insulin concentration
andinsulinsensitivity
Hypoglycemic , reduces peripheral utilization of
glucose and glycogenolytic effect
7.
Caesalpiniabonducella
(L.) Roxb.
Gachchakkay
Caesalpiniaceae
Seed
Hypoglycemic, insulin secretagogue,
hypolipidemicactivity
8.
Capparis zeylanica L.
Adonda
Capparaceae
Fruit, Leaf
Hypoglycaemic
9.
Cassia auriculata L.
Leaf
Catharanthus roseus (L.)
G.Don
Tangadu,
Sonakuki
Billagannaru,
Chakram pullu
Caesalpinaceae
10.
Apocynaceae
Leaf
Hypoglycaemic properties and
galactosidase inhibition
α-amylase inhibition
11.
Ficusbenghalensis L.
Marri
Moraceae
Leaf
Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, inhibits insulinase
activity from liver and kidney, Insulinmimetic activity
12.
Ficus hispida Linn.f
Bommidi, Budda
chettu
Moraceae
Fruit
Hypoglycemicactivity
13.
Glycyrrhizaeradix L.
Athimadhuram
Fabaceae
Root
Hypoglycemicactivity
14.
Gymnemasylvestre (Retz). Madhunashini,
R. Br. Ex Schult
Poda patri
Asclepidaceae
Leaf
Stimulation of repair or regeneration of beta cells,
anti-hyperglycemic effect, hypolipidemic
15.
Momordica charantia L.
Kakara
Cucurbitaceae
Unripe fruit,
Seeds
Insulin mimetic activity
16.
Ocimum sanctum L.
Tulsi
Lamiaceae
Leaf
17.
Phyllanthus emblica
Gaertn.
Usiri
Phyllanthaceae
Fruit
Lower blood sugar level, potent hypoglycemic and
hypolipemic effect
Decreases lipid peroxidation, antioxidant,
hypoglycemic
18.
Punica granatum L.
Danimma
Punicaceae
Flower,
Peel
Antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic effect
19.
Pterocarpus marsupium
Roxb.
Syzigium cumini L
Vegisa, Peddagi
Fabaceae
Wood
Hypoglycemic, insulinogenic-enhance insulin release
Neredu,
Allanaradu
Nelavemu
Myrtaceae
Seeds
Gentianaceae
Leaf
Hypoglycemic, anti-oxidant activityty, α-glucosidase
inhibitory activity
Stimulates insulin release from islets
Combretaceae
Fruits
Hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic activity
20.
21.
22.
Swertia chirayita (Roxb
ex Flem)
Terminalia bellerica Roxb. Tanikaya
Leaf
Hypoglycemic , wound healing indiabetics
Anti hyperglycaemic activity along with
decreas ed cholesterol and blood urea ,
increased
plasactivity
ma ins ulin level
Hypoglycaemic
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23.
Terminalia chebula Retz.
Karakkaya
Combretaceae
Fruit
Hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic activity
24.
Tinospora cordifolia
(Willd). Hook.f
Tippa teega
Menispermaceae
Leaf
Anti-hyperglycemic, stimulates
islets
25.
Trigonella foenumgraecum L.
Menthulu
Leguminosae
Seeds
Hypoglycemic activity, stimulates insulin release by
islet cells
insulin release from
Results and Discussion
The present study encompasses the in-depth investigation on medicinal plants which
are used in Ethnobotanical medicine by the local healers in the district of Nizamabad,
Telangana. The majority of the rural people of the district population depend on livestock
rearing and agriculture farming activities. Illiteracy, ignorance, superstition, taboos are
common among the rural population. An attempt is made to gather information from the
tribal communities such as Kolam, Naipod, pardhan, Lambada, Yerukalas. These
communities are directly interlinked with nature and having a symbiotic relationship with the
medicinal plants in the region. The author has recorded around 25 plants species belonging to
20 families of medicinal plants which are used by the herbal practitioners for treating health
care applications. The detailed description of local medicinal uses along with local names,
family, part used, botanical name and beneficial aspects are given (Table-1).
Conclusion
The present study indicates that the primary health care of the inhabitants is being
taken care by local tribal communities. Healers never charge any fee for treatment but they
ask farmers to bring additives like pepper, chillies, curcuma powder, jaggery etc., required for
preparing medicine. Valuable herbal practices which are being practiced by tribal
communities of Telangana State have to be studied scientifically and it is also very important
to document and publicize the ethno medicinal plant knowledge among the young
generations to raise awareness of and appreciation for traditional values. It also helps to
conserve the sustainable use of the plants as well as to keep the traditional medical
knowledge. The tribes living in and around the forest area are very much dependent on herbal
practices due to lack of communication and cost of allopathy.
A study on Ethno medicinal Values of Plants used by Koyas in Tadvai Mandal,
Warangal District, Telangana, India
K. Anuradha
Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Siddipet, Medak Dist.
E-mail:saiteja.b@gmail.com
Abstract
An Ethnobotanicalsurveywasconducted out among the ethnic groups (Koya)intheTadvai
Mandal, Warangal District of Telangana. Koyas have rich k nowledge abou t medicinal
pla nts and their ethno medicinal valu es. In this stu dy, it is observed that the
Koya s u se 34plants belonging t o 26familiesused bytraditional healers.The medicinal plants
were identified and documented in this paper with regard to their botanical name, family,
local name, parts used and utilization by the local tribal people for different human
ailments.This paper reports the uses of medicinal plants by the tribal people in the form of
powders, extracts, decoctions, pastes, etc.
Keywords:MedicinalPlants;Ethno medicine; W a r a n g a l district;Telangana; Traditional
use.
Introduction
Plants have been used in traditional medicine for several thousand years. Now a days, study
of medicinal plants and their utilization has been drawing the attention throughout world.
People using herbal medicine because it is safer, without any side effects. For this reason the
study of ethno medicine has become an important issue. Ethno medicine is the study of the
beliefs and practices regarding illness in different human populations (Genest, 1978). In
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India, it is reported that traditional healers use 2500 plant species and 100 species of plants
serve as regular sources of medicine (Pei, 2001). During last few decades there has been an
increasing in the study of medicinal plants and their traditional use in different parts of the
world (Lev, 2006).
Ethnic groups of various regions of the world are the real care takers of nature and experts in
herbal therapy. The traditional ethnic knowledge of phytocure methods transferred orally for
centuries is fast disappearing because of the developments and changes in the culture of tribal
groups (Ganesan, et al 2004). Conventionally, this knowledge has been passed on orally from
generation to generation without any written document (Perumal Samy and Ignacimuthu,
2000) and is still retained by various indigenous groups around the world. But this
knowledge is to be secured and conserved for future generations (Burmol & Naidu, 2007).
The traditional systems of medicine that have evolved over the centuries within various
communities are still maintained as a great knowledge in herbal medicines (Mukherjee and
Wahil, 2006).Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is
important for the conservation and utilization of biological resources. Ethnobotanical survey
has been found to be one of the reliable approaches to drug discovery (Fabricant and
Farnsworth, 2001).
The main focus of the present study is to discover the detailed information on the use of
plants and their healing practices among Koya tribes.
Methodology
Fieldtripswereconductedintribalpartsof
Tadvai
Mandal
in
Warangal
district.Collectiondataincludedlocalname,plantpartusedandmodeofadministration.
Atthetime,actualapplicationswerealsoobservedduringthefieldwork.
Theethno
medicalinformationwascollected
through
interviews
and
discussionsfromknowledgeablelocalagedpeople,herdsmenandlocal healers.
Therepeatedvisitsto
thevillageshelpedindevelopingintimacywiththelocalpeople.Thephytocureinformationwascolle
ctedfrom
Koyasthroughinterviewsanddiscussions.Thescientificnamesofplantspeciestheirfamilieswereid
entifiedwiththe
helpofforestfloraofHyderabadstate(SharfuddinKhan,M.1959)andfloras(Gamble&Fischer1915
─1935).
Results&Discussion
Inthepresentaccount,34 speciesofangiospermsbelongingto 26familiesare reported. The parts
of the plant used for medicinal purposes are leaves, root, stem, seeds the whole plant and
barks. However, leaves were found most frequently used part. Theyareusedasethno
medicinesforvariousseverediseaseslike
dia betes,cancer,etc.Othercommondiseasesandhealthcomplaints
likecough,piles,fever,bonefracture,stomachache,bloodpressure,dandruff
and
asthmaarecuredbyusingthe medicinal preparationsofvariousplants.T he mode of ethno
medicine u sage for different diseases is in variou s forms, such as aqu eous
extra cta nd paste. In addition, milk, ginger, pepper, and jaggery etc. are used as
ingredients in preparation of ethno medicine (Sudhakar Reddy et al ., 2008). T he
ethnic tribe (Koya) of these villages are healthy and not su ffering fr om common
problems lik e depression, blood pressure and diabetes which are common in
urban
people
(Ishwar
Prasad
et
al.,
2009).Thealphabeticalorderofscientificnameoftheplants,theirfamilieslocalnames,diseases,par
tsused,mode ofadministrationwithdurationanddosesarefurnishedin(Table 1).
S.N
o
1
Name of the plant
Family
Local name
Useful part
Mode of Administration
Abutilon indicum
Malvaceae
Thuthuru benda
Leaf
Leaf is cooked with onion and taken
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Disease
treated
Piles
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47
orally to treat piles
2
Acacia intsia
Mimoseceae
Korinta
Root
3
Achyranthes aspera
Amaranthaceae
Uttareni
Leaf
4
Amaranthus spinosus
Amaranthaceae
Mulla thotakura
Leaf, Root
Leaf
The aqueous extract of root is
administered twice a day for 7 seven days
Leaf crushed and paste applied for eyes in
1 to 2 drops per day for 3 days
Leaf, root paste along with lemon juice is
taken daily
Leaf extract taken orally in 2 spoon
ful/day for Three days
Leaf extract is poured in nostrils for
curing cold.
Leaf ground with sugar and given orally
in 1 spoon thrice a day for 3 days
5
Adhatoda zeylanica
Acanthaceae
Adda
saramu
6
Aegle marmelos
Rutaceae
Maredu
Leaf
7
Andrographis
paniculata
Acanthaceae
Nela
vemu
Leaf
8
Anogeissus latifolia
Combretaceae
Chiriman
Gum
9
Argemone mexicana
Papaveraceae
10
Boerhaavia diffusa
Nyctaginaceae
11
Boerhavia erecta
Nyctaginaceae
Galijeru
Leaf
12
Borassus flabellifer
Palmaceae
Tadi
Root
13
Cassia auriculata
Caesalpiniaceae
Tangedu
Leaf
14
Cassia tora
Fabaceae
Penta chennangi
Shoot tip
15
Catharanthus roseus
Apocyanaceae
Billa
ganneru
Leaf
16
Chloroxylon
swetenia
Rutaceae
Billu
Bark
17
Cissus
quadrangularis
Vitaceae
Nalleru
Stem with
Leaf
18
Coccinia grandis
Cucurbitaceae
Kaki donda
Leaf
19
Cocculus hirsutus
Menispermaceae
Dushta teega
Leaf
20
Crataeva magna
Capparidaceae
Vulimiri Chettu
Leaf
21
Euphorbia hirta
Euphorbiaceae
Pacha
botlu
Whole
plant
22
Ficus glomerata
Moraceae
Medi
Bark
23
Gymnema Sylvestre
Asclepiadaceae
Poda Patri
Whole
plant
24
Hemidesmus indicus
Asclepiadaceae
Sugandha pala
Leaf
25
Lantana whitiana
Verbanaceae
Puli
kampa
Leaf
26
Lawsonia inermis
Lythraceae
Maidaku
Leaf
27
Leucas aspera
Lamiaceae
Tummi
Leaf
28
Mimosa pudica
Mimosaceae
AttiPatti
Leaf
29
Ocimum basilicum
Lamiaceae
Sabja
Leaf
Dried Leaf are kept in fire and the smoke
is inhaled to cure Asthma
30
Plumbago Zeylanica
Plumbaginaceae
Chitra moolam
Leaf
leaf paste miledly heated and gently
massaged
Brahma
dandi
Atika
mamidi
Latex
plant
The gum is eaten for improve Potency.
Latex of the plant is applied topically on
the site of boils
The plant is pasted with cumin and taken
internally to cure digestive problems
Leaf extract mixed with sugar and curd
and administered early in the morning for
4 days
The extracts of roots are orally given for
krite bite.
Leaf paste with egg albumen plastered
over the bone parts till cure
Tender twigs are cooked with onion and
taken with food
Leaf paste applied on tumors and the
decoction given orally in 30ml twice a
day for about 1 month
The extract of bark in combination with
pepper and cloves are orally administrated
with a dose of two spoons for a day
The paste of stem with Leaf is applied for
healing fractures.
Leaf extract administered in 2 spoonfuls
twice a day for about 10 days
Leaf juice administered in 2 spoon fuls
with a glass of Sugar water twice a day
for 10-15 days
Leaf extract administered during the
bleeding condition in 2 spoon fuls twice a
day for 15 days, the paste applied
externally as ointment
Plant decoction used two spoonful twice a
day for 15 days
The aqueous extract of bark , pepper and
cardmom is administered a spoonful per
day
Plant decoction administered in 2
spoonfuls twice a day for about 2 months
Root and Leaf decoction is taken orally to
regulate digestion
The leaf is ground with Cipadessa
baccifera root, leaf and bark & applied
topically to treat Psoriasis
Leaf paste applied on head Hair growth 1
hour before the bath for twice a week for
1 month
Leaf paste or crushed leaf is taken both
externally & internally to treat snake bite,
It is also applied topically on the forehead
to cure one side headache
Root and Leaf infusion is applied on the
wounds
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Cough
Ophthalmic
Problems
Stomach ulcer
Cough
Cold
Fever
Dental
Boils
Digestive
disorder
Jaundice
Snake bite
Bone fracture
Ophthalmic
Problems
Cancer
Asthma
Bone fracture
Diabetes
Gonorrhea
Piles, fistula
Branchial
infection,
asthama
Constipation
Diabetes
Stomach
disorder
Skin disease
Dandruff,
Alopecia
Snakebite,
headache
Wound
healing
Asthma,
breathing
problems
Chest pain
Proceedings of National Seminar on
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Sida acuta
32
Strychnos
Vomica
33
34
48
Malvaceae
Muttavapulagamu
Leaf
Loganiaceae
Esha mushti
Leaf
Syzygium Cumini
Myrtaceae
Alla neredu
Leaf
Seeds
Tridax procumbens
Asteraceae
Gaya
paku
Leaf
nux
-
and
Crush the fresh Leaf and the juice is
applied topically to treat boils
Leaf, ground with ginger and make into
small pills,administered in 2 pills thrice a
day for 10-15 days
Leaf juice with Sugar water given to
children, Seed Powder with water are
taken orally in empty stomach
Leaf juice is applied topically on wounds
Boils
Blood
pressure
Diarrhea,
diabetics
Wound
healings
Conclusion
The data collected shows that majority of the remedies are taken orally. Most of the reported
preparations are drawn from a single plant; mixtures are used rarely. The fresh plant parts are
used for the preparation of medicine. When fresh plant parts are unavailable, dried parts are
also used. Generally, the people of the study area still have a strong belief in the efficacy and
success of herbal medicine. The results of the present study provide evidence that medicinal
plants continue to play an important role in the healthcare system of this tribal community.
This study provides an ethnobotanical data of the medicinal plants used by the tribal people of
Koyas to cure different diseases. Moreover, this study will promote a practical use of
botanicals and must be continued focusing on its pharmacological validation. Further detailed
exploration and collection of ethnobotanical information, chemical studies and screening for
medicinal properties will provide cost effective and reliable source of medicine for the
welfare of humanity.
Effect of Salicylic acid on the growth of Cotton grown in Nizamabad District
Y. Venkateshwarlu,B. VidyaVardhini
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally.Nizamabad. (TS)
Phytohormones have an important role to play in mediating plant responses to abiotic
stress. Plants have developed over the years a variety of physiological and biochemical
mechanisms through which they survive under the stressful conditions. In the recent
times, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, methyl jasmonates, salicylic acid, and
strigolactones have been shown not only to regulate plant growth and development but
also to protect plants from various abiotic stresses like high temperature, low temperature,
salt, high light, weak light, drought as well as flooding, heavy metals, herbicide stress,
pesticide stress and even biotic stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound
which, despite its broad distribution in plants, has basal levels differing widely among
species, with up to 100-fold differences having been recorded. It plays a major role in the
regulation of plant growth, development, and interaction with other organisms and
defense responses to environmental stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) acts as endogenous
signal molecule that is responsible for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
 Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.) is a commercially grown crop throughout India
and is very responsive to environmental changes. Cotton is a fibre, oil and protein
yielding crop grown in various parts of Telangana State of India. The ever changing
environment is posing a severe threat on the growth and yield of cotton crop. The
employment of growth promoting substances has been extensively used for the
control of growth of cotton. In the present study, the effect of a plant growth
regulator, salicylic acid was selected to investigate its effect on growth, yield and
metabolism of two varieties of cotton (Bt and non Bt) varieties grown in semi-arid
tropics of Nizamabad District of Telangana State in India.
 The present research is a field experiment where two varieties of cotton seeds (Bt and
non-Bt) were sown in different rows in the field which was supplemented with
farmyard manure. Plants were grown under natural day length. SA was supplied to
the plants as foliar spray at three different concentration levels viz., 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM
and 2.0 mM on 40th, 50thand 60th day (from the day of sowing). Growth parameters
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were recorded on the 65 th day. Plant material was fixed on the 70 th day by
homogenizing with 80% ethyl alcohol which was used for the estimation of the
biochemical parameters.
Medicinal Plants of Nizamabad District with anti-diabetic potential
Gaddam Srinivas Reddy, T.Venugopala Swamy*, S.Prashanthi**
Department of Zoology, Govt. Junior College for Boys, Nizamabad
*Department of Zoology, Girraj Govt College, Nizamabad
**Department of Botany, Telangana University
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8% of the
world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4% by the year 2025.The present survey has
been carried out to explore the medicinal plants of Nizamabad district in the treatment of
diabetes. Medicinal plants are nature’s wonderful gift to mankind and are involved in India’s
very rich and ancient heritage of traditional systems of medicine i.e Ayurveda, Sidda and
Unani. The present paper reviews about 27 medicinal plants and their products available in
Nizamabad district.
Key words: Medicinal Plants, Ayurveda, Unani, Diabetes, Nizamabad, Telangana
Introduction
The World Health Organization has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal
purposes around the world. Among these 2500 species are in India. India is the large
producer of medicinal plants and is called as botanical garden of the world. The ethno
botanical literature provides the information about 800 plants may possess anti-diabetic
potential; however searching for new antidiabetic drugs from natural plants is still attractive
because they contain substances which demonstrate alternative and safe effects on diabetes.
Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from
defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is
associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of different organs especially the
kidneys, eyes, nerves and heart.
Several pathogenic processes are involved in development of diabetes. These range from
autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency to
abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action. The basis of the abnormalities in
carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism in diabetes is deficient action of insulin on target
tissues. Deficient insulin action results from inadequate insulin secretion and or diminished
tissue responses to insulin at one or more points in the complex pathways of hormone action.
Symptoms of marked hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes
with polyphagia and blurred vision. Impairment of growth and susceptibility to certain
infections may also accompany chronic hyperglycemia. Acute, life-threatening consequences
of uncontrolled diabetes are hyperglycemia with ketoacidosis or the nonketotic hyperosmolar
syndrome.
Long-term complications of diabetes include retinopathy with potential loss of vision;
nephropathy leading to renal failure; peripheral neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers,
amputations, and Charcot joints; and autonomic neuropathy causing gastrointestinal,
genitourinary, and cardiovascular symptoms and sexual dysfunction. Patients with diabetes
have an increased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral arterial and
cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension and abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism are often
found in people with diabetes.
Methodology
Study area: Nizamabad District is located in the north-western region of Telangana state of
India. The geographical limit of the district extends to 7,956 Sq. Kms and is spread over to
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923 villages of 36 mandals. The district lies between 18°5’and 19° of the Northern latitudes
and 77° 40’ and 78° 37’ of the Eastern longitudes. Nizamabad district is bounded by
Adilabad district on the north, Karimnagar district on the east, Medak district on the south,
and Nanded district of Maharashtra State and Bidar district of Karnataka State on the west.
The authors have conducted an extensive field survey in the forest areas and interior villages
adjoining forest areas in the district to collect the information about medicinal plants and their
products used by the tribes to treat diabetes. Simultaneously actual applications of plant parts
to treat diabetes were observe during the field survey. All the species have been identified
and documented as per the taxonomical procedures. In course of time collected data is
tabulated with botanical name, family name, local name and parts used for medicinal values.
Results and discussion
The paper presents a brief account of the uses of various medicinal plants and their parts in
treatment of diabetes by the people of Nizamabad district, Telangana state, India. The study
provides the information on 27 medicinal plant species belonging to 20 families. The plant
parts used for medical preparation were bark, roots, rhizome, seeds and leaves. In some cases
the whole plant was utilized.
Present investigation indicates that Nizamabad district has magnificent ethno-medicinal
biodiversity. Still many plants and active compounds obtained from plants have not been well
characterized. More investigations must be carried out to evaluate the exact mechanism of
action of medicinal plants with antidiabetic and insulin mimetic activity.
Table 1 List of Plants having Anti-Diabetic Properties
S. No.
1
2
Botanical Name
Acacia arabica
Alangium salvifolium
Family Name
Leguminosae
Cornaceae
Parts used
Bark, Seeds
Bark Powder, Root
Liliaceae
Local Name
Babul, Tumma
Sage leaved,
Oodugu
Garlic, Velluli
Kalabanda
Custurd Apple,
Seetaphal
Satavari
3
4
5
Allium sativum
Aloe vera
Annona squamosa
Liliaceae
Liliaceae
Annonaceae
6
Asparagus racemosus
7
Azadirachta indica
Miliaceae
Neem
Bark, Leaves, Seeds, Oil
8
Borassus flabellifer
Arecaceae
Toddy palm
9
10
Brassica nigra
Butea monosperma
Cruciferae
Fabaceae
11
12
13
14
Cassia auriculata
Catharanthus roseus
Coccinia grandis
Ficus bengalensis
Caesalpiniaceae
Apocynaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Moraceae
Musturd, Aavaalu
Flame of the forest,
Moduga
Tangedu
Billaganneru
Dondakaya
Banyan,Marri
15
16
Ficus racemosa
Gymnema sylvestre
Moraceae
Asclepiadaceae
Medi
Podapatri
Roots, Leaves, Flowering
stocks
Leaves, Seeds
Bark, Leaves, Flowers,
Seed Gum
Flower buds, Flowers
Whole plant
Roots, Leaves, Fruits
Latex, Bark, Fruits,
Leaves, Roots, Buds
Bark, Fruits, Latex, Root
Leaves
17
18
19
20
21
Hibiscus rosa sinensis
Mimosa pudica
Momordica charanita
Nymphaea nouchali
Pongamia pinnata
Malvaceae
Mimosaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Nymphaeaceae
Fabaceae
22
23
Psidium guajava
Ricinus communis
Myrtaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Mandara
Touch me not
Bitter gourd
Indian water lilly
Indian
Beech,Kanuga
Jaama
Castor oil, Amudam
24
Saraca asoca
Caesalpiniaceae
Ashoka
25
26
27
Semecarpus anacardium
Syzygium cumini
Tribulus terrestris
Anacardiaceae
Myrtaceae
Zygophyllaceae
Marking nut, Jeedi
Black plum,Neredu
Puncturevine,Palleru
Bulbs
Leaf juice, Roots
Root, Leaves, Seeds
Tuberous Root
Leaves, Flowers
Root, Leaves, Seeds
Whole plant
Leaves, Flowers, Seeds
Root, Bark, seeds, Leaves,
Flowers
Leaves, Root, Bark
Root, Leaves, Flowers,
Seeds
Bark, Leaves, Flowers,
Seeds
Fruits, Gum-resin
Bark, Leaves, Fruits
Root, Fruits, Leaves
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Medicinal values of Euphorbiaceae Family in Nizamabad District, Telangana State
S. Shireesha, Dr. A.A. Haleem Khan
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally.Nizamabad.(TS)
bunnishireesha@gmail.com
Abstract
Medicinal uses of the family Euphorbiaceae growing throughout the Nizamabad region, were
studied during September 2015 to January 2016. A total of 7 species belonging to the
family Euphorbiaceae were collected and identified. Out of the total number of species the
identified species are Acalypha indica L., Euphorbia hirta L,Phyllanthus fraternus Webster,
Jatropha gossypifolia L., Ricinus communis L., Emblica officinalis, Euphorbia geniculata
Orteg. were common and Acalypha indica L is found to have rich medicinal values in the
study area. The findings of this study could be used to enhance the base medicine for the
betterment of rural or indigenous livelihoods.
Introduction
 Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants with 300
genera and around 7,500 species.
 A number of plants of the spurge family are of considerable economic and medicinal
importance. The prominent areas of treatment include Asthma, Cough, Respiratory
problems, Diarrhoea, Tooth ache, Jaundice, Skin diseases etc,
 Acalypha Indica plants are expectorant, diuretic, emetic and Laxative, for these
reasons it is used in curing bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma and pulmonary
tuberculosis.
Study Site:
Nizamabad district is situated in the northern part of the Telangana state. It lies between 18-5'
and 19' of the northern latitudes, 77-40' and 78-37' of the eastern longitudes.
Based on standard literature survey and related research the family Euphorbiaceae growing in
Nizamabad region:
S. No
1
Botanical Name
Euphorbia hirta L
Local Name
Reddyvarinanubalu
Diseases
wounds and mouth ulcers
Methods to Use
Crushed leaf are applied. (Naikpoda)
2
Emblica officinalis
Usiri
anti allergic
Fruits and jaggary taken in same proportion crushed
and mixed taken as anti allergic. (Lambada) Fruits
taken as digestive. (Lambada, Naikpod, Yarukala)
3
Jatropha curcas L
Adavi amudam
teeth problem
*fruit powder is applied (Lambada)
4
Acalypha indica L
Kuppinta, Kuppi
jaundice,Scabies,itch,ring
worm
5
Ricinus communis L.
Amudamu
Constipation
6
Euphorbia geniculata Orteg.
(Sarnik’ ‘Gamalkota’
Phyllanthus fraternus Webstar.
(Sarnik’ ‘Gamalkota’
Constipation
Acalypa indica and Momordica charantia whole
plants taken in 1:1 ratio & extract is given for 10 days
Doses of 5 and 3 table spoons for adult and children
respectively. (Lambada) The leaf juice can be
applied externally (Lambada)
Ricinus oil, honey and Zingiber officinale rhizome
powder taken in to equal proportion and crushed to
prepare a liquid solution. One teaspoonful taken in
treating constipation. (Lambada)
Eating leaf curry.(Yarukala)
‘Nala usiri’
reduce heat , laxative
jaundice and leucorrhea
7
Leaf with fruits Cuminum cyminum (jeera) and sugar
cubes reduce crushed with water and taken 30-40 ml.
(Lambada) Whole plant eaten directly. (Lambada)
Whole plant crushed and tablets are prepared, taken
twice a day for 10 days. (Lambada)
Cultivation and Conservation of Medicinal Plants and Women Empowerment
M.Saraswathi, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Economics, G.D.C.(M), Nirmal, Adilabad.
(Ph.D. Scholar, Telangana University)
Abstract
The Indian System of Medians, viz Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathic system
predominantly use plant baaed raw materials m moat of their preparations and formulations.
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Modem pharmacopoeia also contain at least 25% drugs derived from plants and many other
which are synthetic analogues bum on prototype compounds isolated from plants. India is a
country of diverse cultures and rituals. Women have played a vital role in maintaining these
virtues. Plants are an integral part of these cultures as they are variously utilised in the rituals.
Women take an utmost care for maintaining plant species for this purpose. Agriculture is
another sector which is largely dependent on women.
Women play a significant and crucial role in rural economy. 90% of agricultural activities are
organizing by the women in the State, like, agriculture allied fields including the main cropproduction, livestock management, post harvest operations and proccessing activities etc. But
the women farmers remained as invisible workers. The socio-economic status of women in
Indian agriculture is a matter of widspread concern.
Low production costs and high yielding are encouraging women farmers to go for the
cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. The recent policy of liberalisation and
globalisation has opened up new avenues for agriculture modernisation.
Objectives of the study:
1. To study the importance of medicinal plants in the agriculture.
2. To examine the role of women in cultivation and conservation of medicinal plants in
Indian agricilture.
3. To know the need and importance of conservation of medicinal plants in resource
management and in employment generation.
4. To analyse the role of agriculture diversification.
Hypothesis:
Conservation and cultivation of medicinal plants will ensure the empowerment of women.
Methodology:
The methodology used in this paper with the help of the data from secondary sources.
Introduction
In India,the collection and processing of medicinal plants and plant products contributes a
major part each year to the national economy,as a source of both full and part time
employment. Micro-studies suggest that alarge numbers of those employed are women.
Women have been custodian of plant genetic diversity from time immemorial. They have
adequate knowledge regarding importance of plants as food, medicine, clothing and raw
materials for various house-hold purposes. Plants are the backbones of religious events and
rituals. Obviously these aspects of life are dependent on women. Since time immemorial, role
of women has been acclaimed by society as gatherer and conservator of plant species.
Medicinal plants occupied an important position in the socio-cultural, spiritual and medicinal
arena of rural people of India. Their sustainable management and harvesting can conserve
biodiversity, sustain human and environmental health, generate employment and enhance
export earnings Therefore, a Task Force was set up, by the Planning Commission for
Conservation and Sustainable use of Medicinal Plants.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimated that 80% of the population of developing
countries rely on traditional medicine mostly plant drugs, for their primary health care needs
Medicinal plants being natural, non-narcotic, having no side elect of ay a range of safe, cost
effective, preventive and curative therapies which could be useful in achieving the
sustainable and equitable development of medicinal plants sector provide "Health for All",
boost exports, and will improve livelihood of the people and green the country for the present
and the generation to come.
Medicinal plants sector has traditionally occupied an important position in the socio-cultural,
spiritual and medicinal arena of rural and tribal lives of India. The global thrust areas for
drugs from medicinal plants include disease conditions, whose incidence is increasing and
where the modern drugs are either unavailable or unsatisfactory.
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The introduction of high-yielding varieties along with canal irrigation facilities and the
lower productivity of the traditional land races are the main causes of geneticerosion
of the traditional cultivars. Of the 514 000 workers registered in the district, nearly 336
000are cultivators and agricultural labourers.
In the process of agricultural evolution, women haveplayed a distinct role in planting,
weeding and in post-harvest operations such as harvesting,threshing, seed selection and
storage.
Women Empowerment and Employment creation through cultivation of Medicinal
Plants
Women are traditional caretakers of crop genetic diversity in agriculture. Their knowledge of
the growing conditions and nutritional characteristics of various species gives them a
vital fund of experience in seed selection and plant breeding.
In a wider context, there to a growing demand for plant based medicines, heath
products,pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics, etc,. in the national and international
markets. Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants are issues on which immediate
focus is required in the context of conserving biodiversity and promoting and maintaining the
health of local communities, besides generating productive employment for the women with
the objective of poverty alleviation in tribal and rural areas.
At present, 90% collection of medicinal plants is from the wild, generating about 40 million
mandays employment (part and full) and since 70% of plants collections involve destructive
harvesting many plants are endangered or vulnerable or threatened. Currently medicinal
plants are collected without paying attention to the stage of maturity. They are stored
haphazardly for long period of time under unsuitable conditions. This results in deterioration
in quality. Such materials are not acceptable to importers and standard manufacturing drug
units.
It is expected to formalize and organize medicinal plants marketing and trade, coordinate
efforts of all the stakeholders of the sector and ensure health for all by improving the
awakening andavailability of herbal products, besides generating productive employment to
10 million tribals and women on a regular basis. The "Medicinal Plant Board" will need a
financial assistance of Rs.50 crores over a period of three years.
About 90% of medicinal plants used by the industries are collected from the wild. While over
800 species are used in production by industry, less than 20 species of plants are under
commercial cultivation. Over 70% of the plant collections involve destructive harvesting
because of the use of parts like roots, bark, wood, stem and the whole plant in case of herbs.
This poses a definite threat to the genetic stocks and to the diversity ofmedicinal plants if
biodiversity is not sustainably used.
Conservation and Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
Medicinal plants are potential renewable natural resources. Therefore, the conservation and
sustainable utilisation of medicinal plants must necessarily involve a long term, integrated,
scientifically oriented action programme. This should involve the pertinent aspects of
protection,preservation, maintenance, exploitation, conservation and sustainable utilization. A
holistic andsystematic approach envisaging interaction between social, economic and
ecological systems will be a more desirable one. The most widely accepted scientific
technologies of biodiversity conservation are the in-situ and ex-situ methods.
It will be necessary, based on an understanding that where medicinal plants are currently
distributed, to develop novel programmes for their in-situ conservation and to designate
specific genetic reserves, giving the viability of medicinal plants for generating income as
well as rehabilitating degraded lands. Due to their position as the major stewards of the
resource base women and tribal groups,
Given the higher cost of cultivated material, cultivation is often done under contract. In the
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majority of cases, companies would cultivate only those plant species which they use in large
quantity or in the production of derivatives and isolates, for which standardisation is essential
and quality is critical. More recently growers have set up cooperatives or collaborative
ventures in an attempt to improve their negotiating power and achieve higher price.
Some of the constraints associated with the processing of medicinal plants which may result
in reducing their competitiveness in global markets.
Systematic cultivation of many medicinal plants needs specific cultural practices and
agronomical requirements. These are species-specific and are dependent on soil, water and
climatic conditions. Hence research and development work has to be done to formulate good
agricultural practices which will include appropriate selection and identification, propagation
methods, cultivation techniques, harvesting, stepwise quality control of raw material upto
processing stage, post-harvest treatment, storage and safety.
These aspects have to be incorporated into protocols for the cultivation of medicinal
plants;
There is an immediate need to consolidate and finally link the existing herbal gardens and
gene banks as well as reference specimens in herbaria to ensure that the 540 species of
importance in the major classical systems, as well as those supplied to the international
market, are protected in ex-situ reserves.
Botanical gardens can play a key role in ex-situ conservation of plants, especially those
facing imminent threat of extinction.
Field gene bank of medicinal plants: The concept of establishing field gene banks of plants
provides ample options for long term preservation of the genetic variability (inter-specific) of
species.
Involvement of competent local NGOs like Self Help Groups for organising the community
and helping in implementation of programme.
Building and strengthening community institutions for long term management of the sites and
a management plan to be formulated for sustainable harvesting and development of medicinal
plants.
Organic farming is another practice that is gaining wide acceptance as world demand
particularly in developed countries for organically grown crops is rapidly on the increase.
Farmers have to be trained in all aspects of organic farming of medicinal plants including
obtaining certification from associations that do the monitoring starting from cultivation to
final harvesting. Organic farming which is labour-intensive gives the developing countries
the comparative advantage to be competitive.
Forest areas with biodiversity sites traditionally valued for medicinal plant diversity having a
contiguous area of about 5000 hectares should be identified for creating Medicinal Plant
Development Area (MPDA). The boundaries of MPDA may correspond to the boundary of
reserve and protected forests.
Detailed botanical studies to be carried out and stock map to be prepared for this area.
Establishing a system of scientific and sustainable harvesting, drying and grading of species.
Creation of market links for sale of produce at the outset of the programme.
Building and strengthening forestry institutions for sustainable management of MPDA sites.
Availing financial assistance from Government of India and other agencies/donors.
Conclusion
Plants are an integral part of these cultures as they are variously utilised in the rituals.
Women take an utmost care for maintaining plant species for this purpose. Agriculture is
another sector which is largely dependent on women. They collect; gather and conserve plant
varieties and thus conserve the biodiversity. A large number of women from unorganised
sectors are contributing significantly in the conservation of the medicinal plants
Women’s contribution in resource management has not been widely used and the lack
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of documentation on such fund of knowledge bars access to it and has resulted in
inequality in sharing the benefits. The understanding and appreciation of gender roles in
the conservation and enhancement of genetic resources guarantee gender justice in
sharing the benefits.
Health Benefits of Withania somnifera L.
R. Rajakala,Dr. A.A. Haleem Khan
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally.Nizamabad. (TS)
Withania somnifera belonging to family solanaceae. It is commonly known as Ashwagandha
which is one of the most powerful herbs in ayurvedic healing, has been used since ancient
times for a wide variety of conditions. In sanskrit Ashwagandha means "the smell of a horse",
indicating that the herb gives the vigor and strength of a horse. Its roots, seeds and leaves are
used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicines.
Ashwagandha, the magical herb is considered to be a nature's gift to mankind. It is very
useful to treat people for their day to day problems such as stress, anxiety, exhaustion, lack of
sleep etc. It has an abundance of antioxidants, iron and amino acids. It's no surprise that
Ashwagandha is one of the best medicinal herbs.
Ashwagandha is the 'Ginseng' of ayurvedic medicine, the traditional medicine of india and is
considered an 'adaptogen' a term used to describe herbs that improve physical energy and
athletic ability, increase immunity to colds and infections and increase sexual capacity and
fertility.
Health benefits
1. It is known for anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-stress, antioxidants, mind-boosting,
immune-enhancing and rejuvenating properties.
2. Root is used in treatment of rheumatic pain, inflammation of joints, nervous disorders and
epilepsy.
3. Dried roots are used as tonic for hiccup, cold, cough, female disorders and ulcers etc.
4. Leaves are applied for inflammation and swellings and its juice is useful in conjunctivitis.
5. Its extracts are used in preparation of herbal tea, powder, tablet and syrups.
6. Helps to reduce blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
7. The berries and leaves are applied externally to tumors, tubercular glands, carbuncles, and
ulcers.
8. Restore male libido, cure impotence and increase male fertility.
9. The dried leaves paste is used in the treatment of burns and wounds, sunscreen upon
women's faces.
10. Remedy for diabetes in Ayurvedic medicine.
11. It is effective in controlling bacterial infections in humans.
12. Its excellent protective effects on the nerves system and a promising alternative treatment
for a variety of degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
Role of Traditional Medicine in Primary Health Care and TMK in Developing
Countries
Sunil Kumar A
Department of Zoology, Girraj Government College (A), Nizamabad
There has been a recent global upsurge in the use of traditional medicine and
complementary and alternative medicine in developing and developed countries alike (Zhang,
Sahai). Zhang highlights particular difficulties in protecting traditional medicinal knowledge
using classic instruments for the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR). The papers
by Le Quy (Viet Nam) and Dakuyo (Burkina Faso) describe the successful ways in which
those countries’ Governments have promoted traditional medicine and facilitated interaction
between it and western/allopathic medicine. Mhame (Tanzania), on the other hand, reports
that his Government has taken a less proactive role and that consequently the sector is not as
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fully developed. Shenton argues for a more effective integration of traditional healers in HIV
prevention and treatment programmes in Africa.
Many products based on traditional knowledge (TK) are important sources of income,
food and health care for large parts of the populations of a number of developing countries.
Traditional medicine plays an important role in health care in both developed and developing
countries. In fact, due to their availability and affordability, the traditional medicines and
therapy systems of the developing countries provide health care to the vast majority of these
countries’ residents. Consequently, there is an urgent need to protect the intellectual property
of traditional medicine systems. The available instruments – the patenting system and the
arrangements for guarding trade secrets – are inadequate for this task, and new arrangements
need to be formulated. This paper poses some key questions that need to be addressed in
order to develop an acceptable solution to the problems of (i) protecting intellectual property
rights (IPR), and (ii) sharing the economic benefits derived from the use of traditional
medical knowledge (TMK).
In designing protection mechanisms for TMK, three important issues need to be
addressed: i) How should the benefits derived from the use of traditional medicine be shared?
ii) How can the intellectual property rights (IPR) of the holders of TMK and scientific
researchers be protected when the TMK of the former is used by the latter to create modern
drugs? (In most cases knowledge of traditional medicine originates in developing countries
and is appropriated, adapted, utilized and patented by scientists and industry from developed
countries, with little or no compensation to the custodians of this knowledge and without
their prior informed consent.
In recent years, the protection of TK, the innovations and practices of indigenous and
traditional medicine and the equitable sharing of benefits have received increasing attention,
and they are being discussed in many international forums). iii)How can we stop the loss of
biodiversity caused by the widespread use of traditional medicine and the rapidly expanding
international market for herbal products? The production of herbal pharmaceuticals requires
large quantities of medicinal plants, which has resulted in over collection of many plants and
has made them endangered species. For example, a particular species of African potato that in
1997 was found to combat AIDS disappeared completely from its native land, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, within two years of this finding.
The twentieth century witnessed a revolution in human health care. The dramatic
decline in mortality, the increase in life expectancy and the eradication of smallpox are
highlights of this success. Scientific innovation, leading to the development of new
medicines, has played a major role in this achievement. However, despite these successes, it
is estimated that over one-third of the world’s population lacks regular access to affordable
essential drugs. In other words, modern medicine is unlikely to be a realistic treatment option
for a substantial proportion of the world’s population. In contrast, traditional medicine is
widely available even in remote areas. Due to its local availability and low cost, it is
affordable by the vast majority of people living in developing countries.
In India, for example, according to the Government, 70 per cent of the population
uses traditional Indian medicine. In Africa the resolution on “Promoting the Role of
Traditional Medicine in Health Systems: A Strategy for the African Region”, adopted by the
fiftieth meeting of the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Regional Committee for Africa
in August 2000, states that the African Member States are aware that about 80 per cent of the
region’s population depends on traditional medicine for its health care needs. In the last
decade, there has been a global surge in the use of complementary and alternative medicine in
both developed and developing countries. According to various government and nongovernment reports from the countries in question, the percentages of the respective
populations having used complementary and alternative medicine at least once are as follows:
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the– Germany – 90 per cent, France – 49 per cent, Canada – 70 per cent, Australia – 48 per
cent, the United States – 42 per cent, and Belgium – 31 per cent. Various reasons have been
proposed for this increase, including the affordability of the treatments as well as changing
needs and beliefs.
The most widely used traditional medicine and complementary and alternative
therapies are herbal medicines and acupuncture. Today traditional medicine and
complementary and alternative medicine play an increasingly important role in the reform of
the health sector of many countries. In 2000 the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological
Diversity reported that the world market for herbal medicines, including herbal products and
raw materials.
Herbal medicines are crude plant materials, such as leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, stems,
wood, bark, roots, rhizomes or other plant parts that may be used whole or in fragmented or
powdered form. It is, therefore, often not possible to seek existing patent law protection for
herbal medicines by claiming the discovery of new chemical entities or development of an
inventive step.
Herbal products are powdered herbal materials, extracts, tinctures, or fatty oils of herbal
materials prepared by steeping or heating herbal materials in alcohol and/or honey, or in other
liquids. The production process is usually simple and does not involve any sophisticated
know-how or invention novel enough to secure protection under existing patent laws. Zhang Traditional Medicine and Its Knowledge
Except for pharmaceutical companies and industries, holders of TMK, such as research
institutes and practitioners, often do not have the financial and human resources needed to
obtain protection through trademarks.
It is extremely difficult, if not impossible; to keep such knowledge secret because disclosure
of the composition of a product is a prerequisite for registration of herbal medicines before
the product can be sold as a drug.
In most countries, it is very expensive to acquire, exercise, and enforce patent rights,
particularly if international protection is required. For traditional practitioners and research
institutions, particularly in poorer countries, the cost is prohibitive.
Traditional uses and conservation of medicinal plants in Nizamabad district
E. Kiran, B. Vidya Vardhini*
Department of Botany, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad -503322, India
Introduction:
The villagers retain a strong attachment to their traditional values/beliefs.The importance of
medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices, providing clues to new areas of research
and in biodiversity conservation is now well recognized. However, information on the uses
for plants for medicine is lacking from many interior areas of Nizamabad.
Right from its beginning, the documentation of traditional knowledge especially on the
medicinal uses of plants, has provided many important drugs of modern day. Even today this
area holds much more hidden treasure as almost 80% of the human population in developing
countries is dependent on plant resources for healthcare.
Some medicinal plant parts uses of traditionally.
S.No
1
2
Botanical name/common name
Achyranthus aspera L.(uttareni)
Ammannia baccifera L.
Disease
leucorrhea
wounds and cuts
tooth ache
Snake bite& dog
bite
Fever
Skin deseases
Traditional Uses
Root extract with goat milk is given once on alternate
day for 10 -15 days.
Crushed leaves are applied.
Roots is used as tooth brush
The seeds are used anti-dote for poison of snake and
dog bite
Leaf juice with honey is given in empty stomach to
cure typhoid.
Leaf paste with common salt is applied on the
affected areas to cure skin diseases such as scabies,
ringworm, skin itching, etc
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4
Beta vulgaris L.
(Ullam gadda)
Cassia auriculata L. (Tangadu)
5
6
Cissus quadrangularis L.
(nalleru)
Cardiospermum helicacabum
7
Celusia agentea L.(plumed cockscomb)
9
10
Gymnemasylvestre (Podapatri)
Tephrosia purpurea L.(Vampali)
58
kidney stone
diabetes
reduces body heat
Piles
Rheumatism,
stiffness.
Diabetes, jaundice
conjunctivitis
liver disease,
paralysis,
tooth ache
Daily two glass of rhizome juice for seven days
Gum and dried leaves and flowers are given one
teaspoon.
Leaf decoction once a day.
1gm of powdered stem mixed with sugar or ghee
taken for 2 to 3 weeks.
Plant leaves used controlled fever, stiffness of limbs.
In Indian folk medicine, used for diabetes. Seeds
traditionally used for treatment of jaundice,
gonorrhea, wounds and fever.
Leaf taken orally.
The whole plant powder with curd taken 20-30
ml orally.
Root is used as tooth brush.
Conservation:
The preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources.
1.The best means of conservation is to ensure that the populations of species of plants and
animals continue to grow and evolve in the wild - in their natural habitats .observe
populations of medicinal plant species in natural habitats
2.The Parks should prepare a policy at national level on the conservation and utilization of
medicinal plants in protected areas.
3. Public education about medicinal plants in protected areas
To conserve populations of medicinal plant species ex situ:
1.Ideally all medicinal plant species should be conserved as evolving populations in nature.
However, these species should also be conserved ex situ as well.
2.The primary purpose of this is as an insurance policy. But it also has the advantage that it is
usually easier to supply plant material for propagation, for re-introduction, for agronomic
improvement, for research and for education purposes from ex situ collections than from in
situ reserves.
3.The ethnobotanical information serves as a base for new compounds with active principles
for phytochemical, pharmacognostical, pharmacological and clinical research. The survival of
native aquatic species is threatened and hence attention on the aquatic resources especially
those having economic value are important.
4. Wetlands not only provide useful resources but ecologically very important.
5. Students, ONG’s, private organizations, Lectures and formal courses, Educational
Campaigns all are protected areas.
Exotic Floristic Diversity of the Nizamabad District, Telangana State, India
Vijigiri Dinesh
Department of Botany, Shri Renukadevi Arts, Commerce and Science College, Mahur,
Nanded, Maharashtra, India.
Email: vijigiri.dinesh@gmail.com
A study was conducted to analyze the exotic floristic wealth of Nizamabad district of
Telangana State and Nizamabad district is one of the 10 districts of Telangana state. It lies
between 18-5' and 19' of the northern latitudes, 77-40' and 78-37' of the eastern longitudes.
The district is bounded on the North by Adilabad district, East Bay Karimnagar District,
South by Medak district and West by Bidar District of Karnataka and Nanded district of
Maharashtra.
The geographical area is 7956 Sq. Km’s i.e. 19, 80,586 acres spread over 923 villages
in 36 mandals. Major rivers, such as, Godavari and Manjeera crosses Nizamabad district with
some other streams Kalyani, Kaulas, Peddavagu also exist in the district.
Flora refers to the botanical composition of a place where names of different species
are taken into account. Flora is widely categorized into two type’s i.e. native flora and exotic
flora. Native floras are those which exist from pre-historic times in the country while exotic
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flora is those which are of foreign origin. Nearly 40% of the plant species found in India are
exotic.
A total of 144 exotic plant species distributed among 118 genera belonging to 54
families were collected. The flora of Tropical American origin dominates the exotic floristic
composition of the Nizamabad district.
Key Words: Exotic Flora, Diversity, Nizamabad, Telangana State.
Study of Various Medicinal Benefits of Spirulina on Human beings
M. Srinivasa Rao1 and P. Latha2
1
Dept. of Microbiology Govt. Degree College, Armoor, Nizamabad, Telangana State
2
Dept. of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Armoor, Nizamabad, Telangana State
Single-cell protein (SCP) refers to edible unicellular microorganisms. The biomass or
protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi or bacteria may be used as
an ingredient or a substitute for protein-rich foods, and is suitable for human consumption or
as animal feeds. The algae spirulina has been considered for use as a supplementary protein.
It is a blue green algae having strong antioxidant activity and provokes a free radical
scavenging enzyme system. Medicinal uses of spirulina is strengthen and improve immune
system, phycocyanins build blood cell, increase antiviral activity, Exhibits, anticancer
activity.Studies showed that a spirulina consumption of 4 weeks reduced serum Cholesterol
level in human beings by 4.5% and significantly reduced body weight by 1.4±0.4kg after 4
weeks. It is concluded that the use of spirulina should be encouraged in patients suffering
from malnutrition, immuno-suppression, hepatic and neural compromise, etc. The reduction
of Cholesterol is partly due to high content of gamma linolenic acid in cyanobacteria. This
paper studies the medicinal benefits of Spirulina for obtaining improvement of health on
human beings.
Keywords:Antioxidant, Health, Human, Single cell protein, Spirulina.
A study of locally available medicinal plants of Ananthagiri hills forest area and their
role in folklore medicine.
N.C. Sowjanya,
Dept. of Botany, Government City College (A), Hyderabad
Medicinal plants, since times immemorial, have been used as a source of medicine. The
widespread use of herbal remedies and healthcare preparations, are described in ancient texts
such as the Vedas and the Bible. The use of traditional medicine and medicinal plants in most
developing countries, for the maintenance of good health, has been widely observed.
Furthermore, an increasing reliance on the use of medicinal plants in the industrialised
societies has been traced to the extraction and development of several drugs and
chemotherapeutics from these plants as well as from traditionally used rural herbal remedies.
Moreover herbal remedies have become more popular in the treatment of minor ailments, and
also on account of the increasing costs of personal health maintenance. Therefore, the present
study emphasizes on identifying the locally available medicinal plants in the Ananthagiri
forest area and also to document their role in folklore medicine.
Micropropagation, molecular profiling and RP-HPLC determination of Woodfordin C
& Woodfordin I across various regeneration stages of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz
Mahender Aileni
Dept. of Biotechnology, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad- 503 322
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz, (family – Lythraceae.) a woody shurb isproved to be a rich
storehouse of pharmaceutically active compounds used in treating various diseases. The
compound woodfordin C (an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II) exhibits antitumor
activity.Woodfordin I, shown to induce apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia
(CML) K562 cells. High demands from pharmaceutical industries lead the indiscriminate
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harvesting from the wild which created the pressure on natural populations.
Micropropagation system was developed using different explants for both commercialization
and conservation of W. fruticosa. Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with different
concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) viz. 6-benzylaminopurine
(BAP), kinetin (KN), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene
acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) were used during various in
vitro regeneration stages. MS medium supplemented with BAP (3.0 mg/l), maximum rate of
shoot multiplication (90%) exhibited highest regeneration efficiency with 35 ± 1. 65 multiple
shoots/ explants. The antioxidants and other additives significantly altered the rate of shoot
multiplication, number of shoots as well as survival rate of shoots. The plantlets rooted on
½MS + IBA 1.5 mg/l, showed 80% establishment in soil without any morphological
variation. The genetic integrity of the regenerated plants was further confirmed using random
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis. A
total of 3871 distinct bands were produced by 12 RAPD and 17 ISSR primers in mother and
20 randomly selected micropropagated clones wherein 3858 (99.66%) bands were
monomorphic and rest of 13 (0.34%) were polymorphic. The high level of monomorphism
confirms the genetic uniformity of the micropropagated clones. Additionally, reverse phasehigh performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) analysis at various in vitro
regeneration stages showed uniformity in terms of presence of Woodfordin C & Woodfordin
I however, the amount of Woodfordin C & Woodfordin I varied across regeneration stages.
Phytochemical and molecular fingerprinting of micropropagated clones revealed that the in
vitro regeneration protocol developed could be successfully used for industrial-scale
propagation of W. fruticosawith enhanced production of Woodfordin C & Woodfordin I.
Keywords: Antitumor, Antileukemia , ISSR , RP-HPLC, Mature node, Micropropagation,
RAPD ,Woodfordin C & Woodfordin I
Isolation and identification of some pathogenic fungi from different infected vegetables
Digambar S.Pawar and Sahera Nasreen
Dept.of Botany, Government Institute of Science and Research Center, Nipat Niranjan nagar,
Caves road, Aurangabad-431004
Corresponding author – dspawarbotany@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The present work deals with the isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi. The fungal
isolates were Colletotrichum capsici, Phytopthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium
moniliforme, Taphrina maculans, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria solani which were
isolated from vegetable and were identified on the basis of colony morphology, microscopic
examination by using selective and differential media. The morphological characteristics of
these fungal elements showed various kinds of spores have been identified up to
genus/species level.
Keywords: Colletotrichum, Phytopthora, Fusarium, Taphrina, Alternaria
INTRODUCTION
Plants are infected by different kinds of microbial pathogens and the required inoculum for
infection is present in the soil, water and air, in addition to plant host. In many cases, the
pathogens may be carried by seeds or propagative planting materials such as tubers, corms,
suckers and setts. Whatever may be the source of inoculum, the susceptible plant species or
crop varieties may exhibit clear visible local symptoms in or on the tissues where infection is
initiated. If the pathogen is able to find favourable conditions for further development,
systemic symptoms are induced in tissues or organs far away from the point of pathogen
entry into the plant. When the symptom of infection is not expressed externally, it is termed
latent infection. Some fungal pathogens infecting unripe fruits do not induce any visible
symptom, as they remain dormant Detection of microbial pathogens refers to the process of
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establishing the consistent presence of a particular target organism(s) within the plant or in its
environments, irrespective of the development of visible symptoms in the plant suspected to
be infected by the pathogen(s) in question. Diagnosis, on the other hand, relates to the
identification of the nature and cause of the disease problem under investigation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Infected plant materials were collected in sterile polythene bags from various fields from the
Mantha taluka of Jalna district. Collected infected parts of Turmeric , Potato, Pumpkin ,
Cabbage and lady’s finger were cut into small pieces, and then rinsed 3~4 times with sterile
Distilled water after treated with 70% (v/v) ethanol for 2~3 s and with 0.1% (w/v) mercuric
chloride solution for 3~5 min. The infected parts of the leaves were places into moisture
chamber for 2 to 3 days for the growth of fungi. After the growth of fungal mycelium then it
was transferred to PDA plates and Incubated for 3-5 days for the complete growth of fungi
with sporulation. All the plates were grown in triplicates for the complete isolation and
purification of plant pathogenic fungi the microscopic photo plates were tabulated.
Medium used for the isolation:
The composition of the differential medium used for the isolation and identification.
PDA media Potato
Distilled water
Nutrient agar
- 200 g
Dextrose
Agar agar
- 20 g
- 20 g
- 1000 ml.
Peptone
Beef extract
Yeast extract
Sodium chloride
Agar agar
Distilled water
- 5.0
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 5.0
- 15.0
- 1000ml
Sabouraud Dextrose agar
Peptone
Dextrose
Agar
Distilled water
- 10.0 g
- 40.0g
- 15.0g
- 1000 ml
Identification of fungi:
The isolated fungi were identified to the genus level and species which was possible on the
basis of micro-morphological and macro-morphological characteristics using suitable media,
slide cultures (obtained by inoculating micro fungi directly on a small square of agar
medium) and the most updated keys for identifications.
Photoplate 1:-Growth of pathogens on differential media
A. alternata
F. oxysporum
C. capsici
T.
maculans
F. moniliforme
A. solani
Photoplate 2:- Growth of pathogens on PDA medium
P. infestans
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P.infestans
F.moniliforme
62
C.capsici
T.maculans
A. alternata
A.solani
F.oxysporum
Table1.-Showing the Isolated Pathogen with Respective Host
Sr.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Name of Fungal Mycelium
Fusarium oxysporum
Alternaria alternata
Fusarium moniliforme
Colletotrichum capsici
Taphrina maculans
Alternaria solani
Phytopthora infestans
Host
Abelmoschus esculentusL.
Abelmoschus esculentusL.
Cucurbita pepo L.
Curcuma longa L.
Curcuma longa L.
Solanum tuberosum L.
Solanum tuberosum L.
Month
Sept.
Sept
Sept.
Oct
Oct
Sept.
Sept.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
During the investigation period seven fungus were isolated from infected vegetables parts.
Colletotrichum capsici, Phytopthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme,
Taphrina maculans, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria solani were observed. It is found
that maximum percentage contribution was observed for .Fusarium moniliformi and F.
oxysporum. During the investigation period (Between July –October) monthly seasonal
variation were also observed. Five fungal species were found in the September month due to
low temperature, percentage of humidity it was quite favourable for fungal growth.and
remening two Fungal species were found in Oct. Month. The results of present investigation
revealed with work done which was recorded in the table 1. These include Alternaria,
Aspergillus, Candida, Cephalosporium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Geotrichum Mucor.
Sharma (2010) Sharma et al (2011) al, (2006), Penicillium, Rhizopus, Rhodotolura,
Saccharomyces, Torulopsisand Trichoderma. Oboh et al, (2006) reported that the fungal
isolates obtained in their study were mainly Aspergillus species, while others were
Trichoderma, Penicillum, Rhizopus and Rhodotorula species which were all able to utilise
hydrocarbon as carbon source. Our finding coincides with the work of Elisane et al, (2008),
who also isolated four strains from the contaminated soil. They were identified as Aspergillus
sp. Kostadinovaa et al (2014) isolated Aspergillus andPenicillium from Antarctica. Sharma
(2010) isolated same fungiat Darjeeling tea garden soil and Sharma et al (2011) reportedsome
same fungi from Lachung soil.the result were compared with the study of other workers for
for the fungal strains Colletotrichum capsici, Phytopthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum,
Fusarium moniliforme, Taphrina maculans, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria solani.
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Traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used in the treatment of mouth ulcers in
rural villages of Mahabubnagar District, Telangana, India.
P. Shivakumar Singh1*, D.S.R. Rajender Singh2, G.M. Vidyasagar3
1
Department of Botany, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar-509001, Telangana, India.
2
Principal, Department of Botany, SV Govt. UG & PG College, Palem, Mahabubnagar,
3
Medicinal Plants and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Post Graduate
Studies and Research in Botany, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga –585 106, Karnataka, India.
ABSTRACT
The method of traditional healing has deep root in Indian culture used the plants not
only for curing diseases but also during various ceremonies. Right through man history,
people have relied on traditional medicine, in particular to promote and maintain good health.
This addiction of man on plant ended him to obtain the knowledge on medicinal properties of
plants by documenting. A total of 32 folkloric medicinal plants used in the treatment of
mouth ulcers in ten villages of Mahabub nagar district, Telangana state have been
documented using standard questioner. Of 31 plants species belonging to 31 genera and 22
families were found useful. The leading family Fabaceae was represented 04 species
followed by Euphorbiaceae 03 species, whereas the five families i.e., Apiaceae, Lythraceae,
Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae and Verbenaceae represented by 2 of each species. While the 15
families represented single species each. Among parts used 20 plants species 12 used with
ingredients, others alone independent plant parts used. The present report described them in
detailed along with the method of drug preparation, mode of administration, probable dosage
and duration of treatment. Utmost new results on the rural practices were documented.
Key words: Traditional medicinal plants, mouth ulcers, Mahabubnagar, Telangana.
INTRODUCTION
The skill of rural peoples in medicinal plants and their usages has very yawning
involved in Indian culture. The plants are being used not only for curing diseases but also
during various ceremonies. The present to man history, people have directly or indirectly
depending on rural medicinal plants in scrupulous to endorse and sustain fine healthiness.
This reliance of man on plant ended him to gain the information on medicinal knowledge on
plants by audition methods.
The medicinal usages and their wisdom of plants have giving numerous information
on drugs preparation, mode of action secrets from our fore fathers. Even these days this area
holds much more concealed riches as about 80% of the human population in embryonic
countries is reliant on plant products for healthcare.
The familiar mayhem mouth ulcers are stipulation that affects the common population
at one time or another. The majority of prescription that has been used so far i.e. mouth
washes and gels have the inconvenience of concentrated contact time with the exaggerated
area. Oral sanitation is an vital part of health of a individual. Oral health when disused,
results unmoved types of oral ailments like mouth ulcers, dental caries and periodontal
diseases. Oral disorders can considerably influence the general well-being of a individual by
causing considerable pain and uneasiness, thus distressing their excellence of life [1].
Telangana State is one of the 29 states of India. It was separated from the erstwhile
Andhra Pradesh on 2nd June 2014. Telangana State is situated in the central stretch of the
eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. Telangana state has an area of 114,840 square
kilometres (44,300 sq mi). The area is divided into two main regions, the Eastern Ghats and
the plains. Telangana lies between 15 50' – 19 55' North latitudes and 77 14' – 78 50' East
longitudes. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north-west,
Karnataka to the west, Chattisgarh to the north-east and Odisha to the east and Andhra
Pradesh to the south. The state is drained by two major rivers, with about 79% of the
Godavari river catchment area and about 69% of the Krishna catchment area, but most of
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the land is arid. It is an extensive plateau with an average elevation of about 400 m above
sea level. This plateau consists mainly of the ranges of erosion surface: (i) above 600 mt, (ii)
from 300 – 450 mt and (iii) from 150 – 300 mt. The State Telangana has the monsoon type
of tropical climate. On the whole State enjoys warm climate. In northern Telangana tropical
rainy type of climate prevails. Hot Steppe type of climate is noticed in the southern parts of
the State. In Tropical Rainy type, the mean daily 0 temperature is above 20C with an annual
rainfall of 150 to 200 cms, mostly in summer and South-West monsoon. In the Hot Steppe
type, the mean daily temperature is 18C and less. In the state of Telangana Maximum
temperature in the summer season varies between 37C and 44C and minimum temperature
in the winter season ranging between 14C and 19C. The State has a wide variety of soils
and they form into three broad categories - red, black and literate. The type of forests met
within Telangana, as perthe classification of Champion and Seth (1968) are Tropical moist
deciduous forests, Southern dry deciduous forests, Northern mixed dry deciduous forests,
Dry savannah forests and Tropical dry evergreen scrub 9 .
Figure 1, Study area: Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
Mahabubnagar is the largest district in Telangana in terms of area (18432.00 sq. km)
covered. It is also known as Palamoor. The name was changed to Mahabubnagar in honour of
Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI, the Nizam of Hyderabad (1869-1911 AD). The district
was situated between 77° 15' and 79° 15'E, of the eastern longitudes and 15° 55' and 17°
20'N, of northern latitudes.
Mahabubnagar is southern district of Hyderabad state under Nizam and bordered with
River Krishna in the south and surrounded by the Guntur District of AP to the east, Kurnool
district of AP to the south, Nalgonda and Ranga Reddy Districts to the north and Gulbarga
and Raichur Districts of the state of Karnataka to the West.
The district has population of 40,53,028 as per the 2011 census which accounts for
11.52% of the total population of the State with 15.34% decadal growth.
The people of this district are economically backward. They can speak three
languages, knowledge flows from one culture to other. The plant assortment is very rich and
a excellent quantity of medicinal plants are using in the treatment of various diseases
including mouth ulcers. There was no detail document on mouth ulcers contribution from the
study area. Therefore, the present research concept focused on the credentials of rural
comprehension on medicinal plants used in the healing of mouth ulcers.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
Regular field trips were undertaken to different localities of the district [study area]
during the period from June 2014 to June 2015. Localities were selected in such a way that
they should represent the entire district including rural areas. A list of healers belonging to
different areas was prepared. Each locality was visited during special seasons and collected
the in sequence concerning the seasonal medicinal plants. During the fieldwork, numerous
visits were made to the herbal practitioners and efforts were ended to convince them to
divulge their rural knowledge about the remedial plants. The information about the plants
was systematically recorded by revenue of negotiations and interviews using standard
questionnaire [2] with the informers along with the field visits during the collection period.
The information was gathered like local name(s) of the plant, parts used. The information
about the ingredients supplements, methods of administration, coupled medicated food was
also recorded in few cases. The collected plant specimens were authentically identified with
the help of floras such as, Flora of Andhra Pradesh, [3], Flora of British India [4], Flora of
Telangana [5]and the voucher numbers were given and herbarium specimens were prepared,
submitted.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The present rural report on medicinal plants revealing a total of 31 rural medicinal
plants used against mouth ulcers in rural area of Mahabub nagar district. Telangana state have
been documented using standard questioner. Of 31 plants species belonging to 31 genera and
22 families were found useful. The leading families Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae with each
of 03 species, whereas the five families i.e., Apiaceae, Lythraceae, Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae and
Verbenaceae represented by 2 of each species. While the 15 families revealed single species
each. Among parts used 20 plants species were used without ingredients, while 11 used with
ingredients. The current report described them in meticulous along with the vernacular name,
part used, plant botanical name, family. Maximum new findings on the ethnic practices were
recognized [Table 1].
The data was compared with the available recent literature and found that many of the
usages programmed are not recorded previously [6, 7]. Earlier there were no reports on
mouth ulcers from the present study area. This is first and unique report.
Incidence in circulation sources, fraction in division of growth forms, allotment of
medicinal plants into systemic groups, occurrence in allocation of plant parts against mouth
ulcers was analyzed.
Total
100
Wild (In-situ)
100
80
60
28.12
40
9
20
32 0
8 25
No. of Medicinal plants
Percentage (%)
Cultivated (Ex-situ)
15
46.87
Both
Fig. 1: Incidence allocation of sources of medicinal plants from the study area against
mouth ulcers
Frequency distribution sources of medicinal plants in the study area against mouth ulcers
shown in fig.1. Of 31 plants species recognized, shows that both the (Cultivated and
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66
Wild)share the biggest fraction with 15 species (46.87%) followed by Wild (In-situ) with 09
species (28.12%) and Cultivated (Ex-situ) with 08 species (25 %).
60
Percentage (%)
50
40
40.62
30
31.25
20 25
10
8
0
Herbs
13
10
Shrubs
3.12
1
Climbers
Trees
0
0
Figure: 2: Fraction allocation of expansion forms of medicinal plants recorded against
mouth ulcers.
The analysis of habits (Fig. 1) of plants predictable, shows that trees share the leading
section with 13 species (40.62%)followed by shrubs with 09 species (31.25%), herbs with 08
species (25.00%) and climbers with 1 species (03.12%).
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Lamiaceae
Verbenaceae
Apiaceae
Lythreceae
Myrtaceae
.
Fig 3: Medicinal plants circulation family wise adjacent to mouth ulcers.
Frequency of occurrence
100
37.5
Total
Frequency of occurrence
Flower buds
Leaf base
Terminal buds
Fruit
Rhizome
Latex
Flowers
Seeds
12 3.126.259.37
32
1 2 3 3.126.253.1215.629.37
1 2 1 5
3.12
3 1 3.12
1
Leaves
Aerial parts
Bark
100
80
60
40
20
0
Figure 4: Incidence allocation of plant parts used against mouth ulcers.
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In the present analysis 31 plants wisdom, their local name, part used, botanical name
and family were authenticated. This was possible due to the fact that rural population of study
area is much larger and related to utilize of plants for healthcare upholding, because of the
basic density of flora is found in the study area.
The present report Lawsonia inermis L. terminal buds listed, but in previously Maji
Jose et al., used only fresh leaves.While Jatropha curcas L. latex reported, while in formerly
the leaves used in the treatment of mouth ulcers [7]. The Rajasthanees used Jatropha species
in treating habitual mouth hygiene [8]. Hebber et al., [9] reported 35 plants belonging to 26
families used to indulgence altered mouth ailments of Western Ghat of Dharwad district of
Karnataka. In the previous dental [mouth] related ailments reported by Chopra RN et al.,
[10]. Cinnamon inhibits the growth of oral microbes [11]. Sonowal Kachari [12] reported two
effective medicinal plants against mouth freshening. Vidyasagar GM et al., [13] were
reported 32 anti mouth ulcer medicinal plants and their detailed usages.
CONCLUSION
Due to the documentation of information on rural medicinal plants against mouth
ulcers would be improving the socio economic position of the people. This study gives
foundation for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
Table 1: Traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used in the treatment of mouth
ulcers in rural villages of Mahabubnagar District, Telangana, India.
Vernacular name
Adavi gobi
Allam
Parts used
Leaf
Rhizome
Botanical name
Launaea procumbens(Roxb).
Zingiber officinale Rosce.
Family
Asteraceae
Zingiberaceae
Avichi chettu
Daanimma chettu
Dante
Jama
Jeera
Jeripothu alamu
Leaves & flowers
Seed
Leaf
Leaves
Seed
Latex
Cassia alata L.
Punica granatum L.
Gymnosporia montana (Roth) Benth
Psidium guajava L.
Cuminum cyminum L.
Argemone mexicana L.
Ceasalpiniaceae
Lythraceae
Celastraceae
Myrtaceae
Apiaceae
Papaveraceae
Kakar kaya
Kalepaku chettu
karaka
Kashabusha chettu
Kebbera
Kothimir
Lavanga
Dried fruit pulp
Leaf
Fruits
Leaf
Fruit
Ariel
Flower buds
Cucurbitaceae
Rutaceae
Combretaceae
Solanaceae
Arecaceae
Apiaceae
Myrtaceae
Mamidi
Marri chettu
Seed
Terminal buds
Momordica charantia L.
Bergera koenigii L
Terminalia chebula L.
Solanum nigrum L.
Coccus nucifera L.
Coriandrum sativum L.
Syzygium aromaticum (L.)
Merr. & Perry
Mangifera indica L.
Ficus bengalensis L.
Midaku
Muduga
Nalla thumma
Napalamun
Nela usiri
Neredu
Podina
Pulichara chettu
Seema chintha
Seetha phala chettu
Teku
Tulasi
Vailu chettu
Vepa chettu
Terminal buds
Leaf
Leaves
Latex
Dried fruit powder
Leaves
Leaf
Young stem bark
Fresh fruit
Flower
Leaf base
Leaf
Terminal buds
smooth stem bark
Lawsonia inermis L.
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.
Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.
Jatropha curcas L.
Phyllanthus emblica L.
Zizyphus jujuba Lam.
Mentha viridis L.
Phyllanthus reticulates Poir.
Pithacalobium dalsi L.
Annona squamosa L.
Tectona grandis L. f.
Ocimum sanctum L.
Vitex negundo L.
Azadirachta indica
Lythraceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Rhamnaceae
Lamiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Annonaceae
Verbenaceae
Lamiaceae
Verbenaceae
Meliaceae
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Anacardiaceae
Moraceae
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About Editors
Prof. B. Vidya Vardhini is a Professor and Head in the Dept. of Botany, Telangana University. She is
Principal, University College of Science. She has 21 years of teaching and research experience. She
completed her M.Sc. (Botany) in first division with distinction in the year 1994. She worked as a Project
Fellow in the UGC Sponsored MRP from 1995 - 1998. She was awarded Ph. D. (Doctor of Philosophy) in 1998
from Osmania University, Hyderabad under the guidance of Prof. S. Seeta Ram Rao. She worked as a
Research Associate in the CSIR sponsored MRP from 1999- 2002. She worked CSIR- Senior Research
Associate (Scientist’s Pool Scheme) from 2002-2003 at Osmania university, Hyd. She worked as a Lecturer/Asst Professor in
Botany on selection by Union Public Service Commission in Union Territory of Puducherry, from 2003 to 2008. She served as the
Head, Department of Botany, Chair Person, BOS in Botany as well as Biotechnology and Director, Alumni; Director, Research and
Development etc. She completed a UGC-MRP in 2007- MRP-655/05 (UGC –SERO) on brassinosteroids and saline soils of Karaikal.
She published more than 56 research papers in National and International journals with good Impact Factors like
Phytochemistry, Plant Growth Regulation, Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, Current Science, Asian and Australasian Journal of
Plant Science and Biotechnology, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Sciences etc. Her total Impact Factor is 30.902, citations are
605 and h-index and i10-index are 10. She has presented around 45 papers in National and International seminars /conferences
etc. She was Lead Guest Editor for Journal of Phytology, Issue 4 volume 2, 4 and 5, Year 2012, Khajure Research Foundation and
Development Society, Scholar Journals, Unites Arab Emirates. She is the Reviewer for African Journal of plant Sciences, Journal
of Crop Improvement, Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Food Science and Technology, Plant etc. and Editorial Board
Member of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, USA and Journal of Applied Science and Research, USA. She is guiding 5 Research
scholars from T.U and 1from JNTU.
Dr. Ahmed Abdul Haleem Khan
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Botany, University College, Telangana University, Dichpally,Nizamabad-503322, Telangana State
E mail: aahaleemkhan@gmail.com
Research Project: UGC-BSR Research Start-Up Grant project, A Study on the Biodiversity of Endophytic
Fungi in Apocynaceae, Ref: Lr. No. F. 30100/2015 (BSR) (on going)-Rs. 6.00 lakhs
Invited Lectures in National seminars & Extension Lectures Delivered: 13
Membership in Professional Bodies/ Societies: Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) Membership No. L14922, Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants Association of India [MAPAI] Membership No. 360
Countries visited: Malaysia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Co-curricular Experience: Member, Board of Studies, Department Research Committee, Mentor, Dept. of Botany, Volunteer
editor/reviewer for Science Alert scientific journals, Member in Editorial Board for International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy
and Allied Sciences (IJBPAS), ISSN: 2277-4998
Organized three Lecture Workshopsponsored byIndian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, Indian National Science Academy, New
Delhi, The National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad.Popular Lecture Series sponsored by Department of Biotechnology ( DBT)-
CTEP
Training: 12 workshops, 1 refresher course, 1 orientation programme,
Publications: Book: 01, Chapters: 03, Papers: International: 10, National: 06,
Conf. Proceedings: 15
Citation indices-Google Scholar: Citations: 60, h-index: 4, i10-index:2
Total Impact factor: 27.669
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