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^maVr¶ A{^¶§Ë¶m§Mo ñ’y$VuñWmZ d AmXaUr¶ ì¶p³V‘Ëd ""^maVaËZ ga ‘mojJw§S>‘
{dídoída¡¶m'' ¶m§Mm 15 gßQ>|~a hm OÝ‘{XZ. ¶m 15 gßQ>|~a {XZr ""ga E‘.ìhr.'' ¶m§Mr
152 dr O¶§Vr Amho. AmnU Xadfr© hm {Xdg ""A{^¶§Vm {XZ'' åhUyZ gmOam H$aVmo. A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m ‘ZmV
XodËd àmá Agcoë¶m Aem Wmoa A{^¶§Ë¶mg g§KQ>ZoV’}$ d gd© gXñ¶ A[^¶§Ë¶m§V’}$ {dZ‘« A{^dmXZ!
""ga E‘.ìhr.'' ¶m§Zr XoemVrc OZVoH$arVm {d{dY àH$ënm§Mr/¶moOZm§Mr Ho$cocr AmIUr d
A§‘c~OmdUr d ˶mH$[aVm {Xcoco {Zñn¥h ¶moJXmZ ¶m‘wioM g§nyU© A{^¶§Vm g§dJm©Mr EH$ ""{dídH$‘m©''
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Ho$cm. åhUyZ Aem Wmoa A{^¶§Ë¶mMm OÝ‘{XZ AmnU ""A{^¶§Vm {XZ'' åhUyZ gmOam H$aVmo d ˶m§Zr
XmIdyZ {Xcoë¶m dmQ>oda AmnU gd© A{^¶§Vo ‘mJ©H«$‘U H$arV A{daV n[al‘ H$arV AmhmoV d
OZH$ë¶mUmH$arVm emgH$s¶ CnH«$‘m§Ûmao d ImOJr joÌmVrc CnH«$‘m§Ûmao Amnco ¶moJXmZ XoV AmhmoV.
AmVmn¶ªV Agm g‘O éT> hmoVm H$s, emók Am{U B§{O{ZAa ¶m§Mr H$m‘o {^Þ ñdénmMr AgyZ
Scientists explore, experiment and discover Am{U Engineers create, design and build Ago
‘mZco OmV hmoV.o na§Vw AmVm g˶ Ago Amho H$s Engineer participate in scientific process of discovery
in many ways, grand experiments and missions of exploration always need engineering
expertise to design the tools, instrument and systems and that makes possible to acquire
new knowledge about physical and biological world. åhUyZ nwT>rc eVH$mV B§{O{ZAg© ho emókm§~amo~a
g§emoYZ H$m‘m§‘ܶo EH$ nmQ>©Za åhUyZ gh^mJr hmoVrc Am{U ^{dî¶mV {ZgJm©Mm à˶oH$ AZwÎmarV àíZ
gmoS>{dcm OmB©c. ¶mnwT>ohr OmD$Z Ago åhQ>co OmB©c H$s, "Engineer, the tool of scientific discovery,"
‘mJrc Am°JñQ> ‘{hݶmV g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m Ñï>rZo ‘hËdmÀ¶m d gXñ¶ A{^¶§Ë¶m§Mo {Oìhmù¶mMo àíZmda
ݶm¶ {‘idyZ XoʶmH$arVm ‘hËdnyU© ~¡R>H$m§Mo Am¶moOZ H$aʶmV Amco. {X.17.08.2012 amoOr A{^¶m§{ÌH$s
godm ‘hmg§KmMr ~¡R>H$, {X.21.08.2012 amoOr ‘m.g{Md (cm.jo.{d.) ¶m§Mo g‘doV d {X.23.08.2012 amoOr
‘m.Zm.lr.N>JZamdOr ^wO~i ¶m§Mo XmcZmV, ‘m.Zm.lr.am‘amOo ZmB©H$ qZ~miH$a d Am‘Xma ‘m.lr.gVre
MìhmU (Am¡a§Jm~mX) ¶m§Mo g‘doV g§KQ>ZoMr ~¡R>H$ g§nÞ Pmcr.
Amnë¶m Ñï>rZo ‘hËdmMm àíZ åhUOo ‘m.~jr g{‘VrÀ¶m Aݶm¶H$maH$ {e’$maetg§X^m©V ‘hËdmMr
~¡R>H$ ‘m.Zm.lr.N>JZamdOr ^wO~i ¶m§Mo XmcZmV g§nÞ Pmcr. ¶m ~¡R>H$sV ~jr g{‘VrÀ¶m {S>ßcmo‘m B§{O{ZAg©
~m~VrV ^aVr VgoM nXmoÞVr g§X^m©V Ho$coë¶m Aݶm¶H$maH$ {e’$maer, Am.à.¶moOZm Xþgam cm^, àH$ën
^Îmm VgoM n[aMamEodOr amoI ^Ë˶mMo Xa gwYmaUo, AmJmD$ doVZdmT>rMo àc§{~V àH$aU ¶mda {dñV¥V MMm©
H$aʶmV Amcr. Am{W©H$ ~moOm nS>Umè¶m àíZm§~m~VrV IwÔ AW©‘§Ìr VgoM Cn‘w»¶‘§Ìr ‘m.Zm.A{OVXmXm
ndma ¶m§Mo g‘doV ~¡R>H$ KoʶmMo AmídmgZ ‘m.‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr {Xco Amho. ‘m.~jr g{‘VrÀ¶m {e’$maet~m~V
MM}À¶m doir ‘m.‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr {S>ßcmo‘m B§{O{ZAg©Zm 35 dfm©n¶ªV nXmoÞVr Zmhr Var nXmoÞVrMm H$moQ>m
H$‘r H$aUo hr Jmoï> ¶mo½¶ ZgyZ, {S>ßcmo‘m B§{O{ZAg© H$arVm nXmoÞVrH$arVm Ëd[aV OmXm nXo CncãY H$éZ
XoD$Z ˶m§Zm Ëd[aV nXmoÞVr H$er {‘ioc ho nhmdo, àg§Jr BVa Xþgè¶m {d^mJmV S>o߶wQ>oeZÀ¶m OmJm CncãY
hmoVrc H$m? nXmoÞVrÀ¶m g§dJm©Vrc gaigodm ^aVrMm H$moQ>m aÔ H$aUo B.n¶m©¶ Adc§~Vm ¶oVrc H$m?
¶mda g{dñVa àñVmd V¶ma H$aʶmÀ¶m gyMZm XmoÝhr {d^mJmÀ¶m ‘m.g{Md ‘hmoX¶m§Zm ‘m.‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr
{Xë¶m AmhoV. {deof åhUOo g§KQ>ZoH$arVm Ëd[aV ~¡R>H$ cmdmdr d g§KQ>Zocm ݶm¶ Úmdm åhUyZ
Am‘Xma ‘hmoX¶ ‘m.lr.gVreOr MìhmU ¶m§Zr {deof à¶ËZ Ho$co d ˶mV cJoM ¶e XoIrc
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{‘imco. ˶m~Ôc Am‘Xma ‘hmoX¶ ‘m.lr.gVreOr MìhmU ¶m§Mo g§KQ>ZoV’}$ ‘Z…nyd©H$ Am^ma.
XmoÝhr ‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr XoIrc ‘mJrc E{àc ‘{hݶmV amÁ¶ñVar¶ A{YdoeZmV g§KQ>Zo g‘doV
~¡R>H$ KoD$Z ݶm¶ Xoʶm~m~VrV AmídmgZ {Xcoco hmoVo. ˶mZwgma ~¡R>H$ g§nÞ Pmcr ˶m~Ôc
‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶ ‘m.Zm.N>JZamdOr ^wO~i d ‘m.Zm.am‘amOo ZmB©H$ qZ~miH$a ¶m§Mo g§KQ>ZoV’}$
‘Z…nyd©H$ Am^ma!
{X. 14.08.2012 amoOr d¡OmnyaMo Am‘Xma lr.dmUr ¶m§Zr Zm§Xÿa‘ܶ‘oída H$mcdm {d^mJ A§VJ©V
H$m¶©aV Agcooco VrZ CnA{^¶§Vo B§{O.Ho$.nr.YmÌH$, B§{O.ìhr.Ho$.Hw$cH$Uu d B§{O.nr.S>r.gmZn ¶m§Zm Kar
~mocmdyZ ˶m§Zm ‘mahmU Ho$cr. ˶m§Zr {Z¶‘mZwgma H$madmB© Ho$cr åhUyZ ˶mMm amJ ¶oD$Z ˶m Am‘XmamZr
˶m§Zm ‘mahmU Ho$cr. ¶m {VÝhr A[^¶§Ë¶m§Zm ˶m§Mo g§~§{YV H$m¶©H$mar A{^¶§Vm ¶m§Zr H$mcì¶mda AZ{YH¥$VnUo
nmB©n gm¶’$ZZo nmUr MmoaUmè¶m cmoH$m§da, ˶m§Mo nmB©n H$mTy>Z ˶m§Moda H$madmB© H$am åhUyZ AmXoe {Xco
hmoVo. ˶mZwgma {Z¶‘mà‘mUo ˶m§Zr H$madmB© Ho$cr hmoVr. ¶m ‘mahmUrMo Vrd« nS>gmX g§nyU© amÁ¶^a
A{^¶§Ë¶m§‘ܶo C‘Q>co, gdmªZr Vrd« {ZfoY Ho$cm. ho Ooìhm g§KQ>Zocm H$ico Voìhm Am¡a§Jm~mXMo ‘§S>i g{Md
B§{O.ZmamJwS>o VgoM Cnmܶj B§{O.O¶d§V Jm¶H$dmS> ¶m§Zr g§~{§ YV ‘m.‘w»¶ A{^¶§Vm VgoM H$m¶©H$mar g§MmcH$
‘m.B§{O.H§$Xa’$io gmho~ ¶m§Mr ^oQ> KoD$Z g{dñVa d¥Îm XoD$Z {ZfoY Zm|X{dcm d g§~§{YV Am‘Xmamda H$madmB©
H$amdr åhUyZ ‘mJUr Ho$cr. g§~§{YV {VÝhr A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm Yra XoD$Z ݶm¶ Xoʶm~m~V g§KQ>ZoZo AmídñV
Ho$co. cJoMM g§~§{YV Am‘Xmamda JwÝhm Zm|X{dʶm~m~V {ZU©¶ KoʶmV Amcm. ˶mZwgma d¡Omnya ¶oWrc
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A{^¶§Vo VgoM H$‘©Mmar ‘moR>çm g§»¶oZo CnpñWV hmoVo d EH$OwQ>rMo àXe©Z Ho$co. VX²Z§Va ¶m JwÝô¶mg§X^m©V
H$moQ>m©V gwZmdUr gwé Amho. g§~§{YV Am‘Xmamcm AQ>H$ H$amdr åhUyZ g§KQ>ZoZo emgZmH$S>o ‘mJUr Ho$cocr
Amho. ¶m~m~VrV Am¡a§Jm~mX ‘hm‘§S>imV’}$ Mm§Jë¶m[aVrZo gd©Vmonar ghH$m¶© XoʶmV ¶oV Amho. ¶mV {d^mJmV’}$
dH$sc Zo‘ʶmV Amcm Amho. ݶm¶ XoʶmMm à¶ËZ gwé Amho. {X.17 d 21 Am°JñQ> amoOr g§nÞ ‘hmg§K
VgoM ‘m.g{Md (cm.jo.{d.) ¶m§Mo g‘doV g§nÞ ~¡R>H$sV XoIrc g§KQ>ZoZo hm ‘mahmUrMm ‘wÔm CnpñWV H$éZ
{ZfoY Zm|X{dcm Amho. emgZmZo XoIrc J¥h {d^mJmg H$madmB© H$aʶmH$arVm nÌì¶dhma Ho$cm Amho. emgH$s¶
A{YH$mè¶m§Zm ‘mahmUr g§X^m©V Ho$coë¶m JwÝô¶m§~m~VrV JwÝhoJmam§Zm H$R>mao {ejm ìhmdr ¶mH$[aVm ‘§Ìmc¶ñVamda
‘m.nmo{cg ‘hmg§MmcH$ d ‘m.g{Mdm§Mr EH$ g{‘Vr {Z¶w³V H$aʶmV Amcr Amho. ¶m g{‘VrH$S>o XoIrc
g§KQ>ZoZo XmX ‘m{JVcr Amho. g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m gXñ¶ A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zr g§~§{YVm§da H$madmB© ìhmdr, AQ>H$ ìhmdr
åhUyZ EH${ÌVnUo {ZfoY ‘moMm© H$mTy>Z ‘hmamï´>^amVyZ Amncm amJ 춳V Ho$cm Amho. EH$ {Xdg H$mù¶m
[’$Vr cmdyZ noZ S>mD$Z Am§XmocZ XoIrc Ho$coco Amho. g§~§{YV CnA{^¶§Vo B§{O.YmÌH$, B§{O.Hw$cH$Uu d
B§{O.gmZn ¶m§Zm g§KQ>ZMo m gX¡d nmR>t~m amhrc. ˶m§Zr ¶m~m~VrV Yra gmoS>y Z¶o. g§KQ>Zm ݶm¶ {‘iʶmH$arVm
gVV nmR>nwamdm H$aUma Amho.
¶m {Z{‘ÎmmZo gd© gXñ¶ A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm ‘hËdmÀ¶m gyMZm AmhoV H$s ˶m§Zr Aem àH$maÀ¶m
cmoH$à{V{ZYtZr emgH$s¶ H$m‘m{Z{‘Îm Kar ~moc{dë¶mg OmD$ Z¶o d Vgo Amnë¶mcm ~§YZH$maH$ {ZpíMVM
Zmhr. VgoM Hw$R>ohr Amnë¶mcm ‘mahmUrMm YmoH$m Agë¶mg Aem ~m~VrV {d^mJmH$S>o nmo{cg g§ajUmMr
‘mJUr H$amdr, Amncm Ord Ymo³¶mV Kmcy Z¶o. nmo{cg g§ajU Z XoVm H$m¶©dmhr H$aʶmMo AmXoe {Xë¶mg
Or{dVmg YmoH$m Agë¶mMo d g§nyU© O~m~Xmar Amncr Agë¶mMo coIr nÌì¶dhma H$éZM nwT>o H$m¶©dmhr
H$amdr ho cjmV R>odmdo. Amnco XoIrc EH$ Hw$Qw>§~ Amho d ˶mMr O~m~Xmar Amnë¶mda Amho ¶mMo ^mZ Agy
Úmdo d Aem KQ>Zm§nmgyZ gOJ ahmdo.
A§H$mV B§{O.e{eH$m§V nmQ>rc, ga{MQ>Urg ¶m§Mm Ahdmc àH$m{eV Ho$cm Amho. g§KQ>Zm nmR>nwamdm
H$arV Agcoë¶m àíZm§~m~VrV gÚpñWVr ˶mV XoʶmV Amcr Amho.
YݶdmX!
- B§{O. A. am. nmQ>rb, H$m`©H$mar g§nmXH$
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ga{MQ>Urg ¶m§Mm Ahdmc
1) Ocg§nXm {d^mJmVrc Cn{d^mJr¶ A{YH$mar (ñWm) g§dJm©Mr {X.1.4.2010 Mr {Z¶{‘V/
VXW© {ZdS>gyMrVrc H${Zð> A{^¶§Vm/emIm A{^¶§Vm ¶m§Zm Cn{d^mJr¶ A{YH$mar
(ñWm) ¶m g§dJm©V nXmoÞVrgmR>r 46 nXg§»¶oMr Ym[aH$m nXmoÞVrZo {Z¶w³VrgmR>r {d^mJr¶
g§dJ© ng§VrH«$‘ dmQ>nmgmR>r Ocg§nXm {d^mJmH$Sy>Z gm‘mݶ àemgZ {d^mJmÀ¶m A§{V‘
‘mݶVoñVd gm.à.{d^mJmg gmXa Ho$cr Amho. gXa Ym[aH$m gm.à.{d^mJmH$Sy>Z cdH$aM Ocg§nXm
{d^mJmg àmá PmcoZ§Va {d^mJr¶ g§dJ© dmQ>n ng§VrH«$‘mZwgma g{dñVa nXñWmnZoÀ¶m AmXoemgmR>r
‘m.‘§Ìr Ocg§nXm (H¥$îUm Imoao dJiyZ) ¶m§MoH$S>o Ocg§nXm {d^mJmg gmXa H$aUoV ¶oV Amho. H$Xm{MV
"A{^¶§Vm dmVm©'Mm hm A§H$ g^mgXm§À¶m hmVmV nS>on¶ªV nXmoÞVrMo (46) AmXoe emgZmH$Sy>Z {ZJ©{‘V
Pmcoco AgVrc.
2) gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmVrc H${ZîR> A{^¶§Vm/emIm A{^¶§Vm ¶m§Zm Cn{d^mJr¶ A{YH$mar
(ñWmn˶) ¶m g§dJm©Vrc nXmoÞVrgmR>r 57 nXg§»¶oÀ¶m Ym[aHo$g q~Xÿ Zm‘mdcr g§X^m©V gm‘mݶ
àemgZ {d^mJmZo ‘mݶVm àXmZ Ho$ë¶mZwgma gm.~m§.{d^mJmZo S>r.nr.gr. ~¡R>H$ KoVcr Amho. gm.~m§.{d^mJmZo
nXg§»¶oÀ¶m N>mZZrH$arVm gXa Ym[aH$m gm‘mݶ àemgZ {d^mJmg gmXa Ho$cr hmoVr. gXa Ym[aHo$g
{X.31.08.2012 amoOr gm.à.{d^mJmZo ‘mݶVm àXmZ Ho$cr Amho. VX²Z§Va gXa Ym[aH$m {d^mJr¶ g§dJ©
ng§VrH«$‘ dmQ>nmgmR>r gm.à.{d^mJmH$S>o gm.~m§.{d^mJmH$Sy>Z gmXa H$aUoMr à{H«$¶m Mmcy Amho.
3) emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m godm {df¶H$ 17 àíZm§g§~§Yr g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$coë¶m {dZ§VrdéZ ‘m.g{Md (cmjo{d)
¶m§Mo g‘doV g§KQ>ZoMr {X.21.08.2012 amoOr ‘m.g{Md (cmjo{d) ¶m§Mo H$jmV gH$mir 11 dm. ‘§Ìmc¶,
‘w§~B© ¶oWo g§nÞ Pmcr. ~¡R>H$s‘ܶo g§KQ>ZoZo CnpñWV Ho$coë¶m gd© ‘wÚm§da g§~§{YV H$m¶m©gZmg‘doV
g{dñVa MMm© KoʶmV Amcr d ~¡R>H$ A˶§V Ioir‘oirÀ¶m dmVmdaUmV g§nÞ Pmcr. g§KQ>ZoZo CnpñWV
Ho$coë¶m gd© ‘wÚm§Mr XIc ‘m.g{Md (cmjo{d) ¶m§Zr KoVcr AgyZ gXa àíZm§Mr gmoS>dUyH$ VmËH$mi
H$aUoMo AmXoe XoIrc g§~§{YV H$m¶m©gZm§Zm {Xcoco AmhoV. gXa ~¡R>H$s‘wio g^mgXm§Mo ~aoMgo àíZ ‘mJu
cmJVrc Ago dmQ>Vo.
4) gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmVrc H${Zð> A{^¶§Vm ¶m§Mr AÚ¶mdV Ooð>VmgyMr Im˶mÀ¶m do~gmB©Q>da 7
gßQ>|~a 2012 n¶ªV àH$m{eV H$aUoV ¶oV Amho Aer gm.~m§.{d^mJmÀ¶m A{YH¥$V gyÌm§H$Sy>Z ‘m{hVr
[‘imcr Amho.
5) Ocg§nXm d gm.~m§.{d^mJmVrc godm {Z¶‘m§À¶m nwZa©MZogmR>r JR>rV Ho$coë¶m ~jr g{‘VrÀ¶m VH©$hrZ d
{dg§JV {e’$maet‘wio nXm{dH$mYmaH$ A{^¶§Ë¶m§da hmoD$ KmVcocm Aݶm¶ Xÿa H$aUo~m~V ~¡R>H$ ‘m.‘w»¶
g{Md, Ocg§nXm d gm.~m§.{d^mJmMo g{Md, g{Md, V§Ì{ejU d H${Zð> A{^¶§Vm g§KQ>Zm Aer
g§¶w³V[a˶m Am¶mo{OV H$aUo~m~V g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$coë¶m AmdmhZmZwgma d ‘m.‘§Ìr, V§Ì{ejU (‘.am.)
¶m§Zr ‘m.‘w»¶ g{Mdm§g {Xcoë¶m {ZX}emZwgma gXa ~¡R>H$sMo cdH$aM Am¶moOZ H$aUoÀ¶m gyMZm ‘m.‘w»¶
g{Md ¶m§Zr g§~§{YV {d^mJm§Zm {Xë¶m AmhoV. VXZwf§JmZo gXa ~¡R>H$sMo cdH$aM Ocg§nXm {d^mJm‘m’©$V
Am¶moOZ H$aʶmV ¶oV Amho.
6) Ocg§nXm d gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmVrc nX{dH$mYmaH$ A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m AS>rAS>MUt~m~V A{^¶§Vm
‘hmg§KmMr ~¡R>H$ Am¶mo{OV H$aUo~m~V g§KQ>ZoZo ‘m.Aܶj, ‘hmamï´> A{^¶m§{ÌH$s godm ‘hmg§Kmg
Ho$coë¶m {dZ§VrZwgma gXa ~¡R>H$ {X.17.08.2012 amoOr Xþ.12 dm. ‘m.‘w»¶ A{^¶§Vm, gm.~m§.{d^mJ
‘w§~B© ¶oWo ˶m§Mo H$jmV KoʶmV Amcr. gXa ~¡R>H$s‘ܶo H${ZîR> A{^¶§Vm g§KQ>ZoZo CnpñWV Ho$coco gd©
àíZ d BVa 5 (nmM) àíZm§~m~V g{dñVa MMm© Pmcr. gXa àíZm§Zm ‘m.amO|oÐOr ndma, Aܶj ¶m§Zr
g‘n©H$ CÎmao XoD$Z ~hþVm§er àíZm§Mm nmR>nwamdm emgZñVam§da ‘hmg§Km‘m’©$V H$aUoMo AmídmgZ {Xco.
g§KQ>ZoZo CnpñWV Ho$coë¶m ‘wÚm§~m~V ‘m.Aܶj, ‘hmamï´> A{^¶m§{ÌH$s godm g§K ¶m§Zr A§JrH$macocm
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Ñï>rH$moZ EH§$XarV gH$mamË‘H$ {XgyZ Amcm. VXZwf§JmZo ‘m.B§{O.amO|Ð ndma ho ‘hmg§KmMo ¶mnwT>rc
OmñVrV OmñV {Xdg Aܶj ahmdoV Aem g{XÀN>m H${Zð> A{^¶§Vm g§KQ>ZoZo ˶m§Zm {Xë¶m.
7) Ocg§nXm d gm.~m§.{d^mJmVrc nX{dH$mYmaH$ A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m godm{df¶H$ AS>MUr Xÿa H$aUogmR>r ‘m.‘§Ìr
gm.~m§. ¶m§Mo AܶjVoImcr ‘m.‘§Ìr Ocg§nXm (H¥$îUm Imoao dJiyZ), ‘m.‘§Ìr Ocg§nXm (H¥$îUm Imoao),
‘m.g{Md, Ocg§nXm d gm.~m§.{d^mJ ¶m§Mo g‘doV ~¡R>H$sMo Am¶moOZ H$aUo~m~V g§KQ>ZoZo {X.9.5.2012
nmgyZ nmR>nwamdm ‘m.‘§Ìr gm.~m§.¶m§MoH$S>o gVV Ho$cm hmoVm d Am‘Xma ‘m.lr.gVreOr MìhmU (Am¡a§Jm~mX)
¶m§Zr XoIrc {deof à¶ËZ Ho$co hmoVo. ˶mg AZwgéZ {X.23.08.2012 amoOr g§KQ>ZoZo ‘mJUr Ho$cocr
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H$aʶm~m~VMo AmXoe H$m¶©H$mar g§MmcH$, {dX^© nmQ>~§Ymao {dH$mg ‘hm‘§S>img Ëd[aV ÚmdoV hr {dZ§Vr.
B§{O.e[eH$m§V nmQ>rc, ga{MQ>Urg
-6-
Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya
A Visionary Engineer par Excellence
Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, popularly and affectionately known as Sir
M.V., was born on September 15, 1860 in a village known as Muddenahalli in
Chikballapur Taluka, Kolar District. His father died in Kurnool when Visvesvaraya
was just 15 years old. Visvevaraya completed his lower secondary schooling
in Chikballapur. After schooling he joined Central College in Bangalore for his
graduation.
He lead a very simple life. He was a strict vegetarian and a teetotaler. He
would go to sleep by 10 P.M. and wake up at 6 A.M. His diet included a very
light breakfast, two slices of bread or chappatis, vegetables without spices, rasam, curds,
Nanjangud bananas for lunch. He was known for his honesty and integrity. Before accepting
the position of Dewan of Mysore, he invited all his relatives for dinner. He told them very clearly
that he would accept the prestigious office on the condition that none of them would approach
him for favours. Such things are unheard of these days.
Biography Early years- Sir M. V. was born to Srinivasa Sastry and Venkachamma at Muddenahalli
village, Chikkaballapur Taluk, Chikballapur District of present-day Karnataka, in what was then
the princely state of Mysore. His father Srinivasa Sastry was a Sanskrit scholar and an authority on the Hindu scriptures, besides being an Ayurvedic practitioner. Sir M. V.'s ancestors
actually hailed from the village of Mokshagundam near Giddalur in the Prakasam District of
present-day Andhra Pradesh; they had migrated to Mysore state perhaps three centuries ago.
The family name "Mokshagundam", preserves the memory of this distant association. The
young Visvesvaraya lost his father at the age of 15. The family was resident at Kurnool of
Andhra Pradesh when this calamity befell them; they moved back to Muddenahalli immediately thereafter. Sir M. V. attended primary school at Chikballapur and high school at Bangalore. He earned his B.A. from Madras University in 1881 and later studied civil engineering at
the College of Science, Pune, now known as the College of Engineering, Pune (COEP).
Career as engineer- Upon graduating as an engineer, Visvesvaraya took up a job with the
Public Works Department (PWD) of Bombay now known as Mumbai, and was later invited to
join the Indian Irrigation Commission. He implemented an extremely intricate system of irrigation in the Deccan area. He also designed and patented a system of automatic weir water
floodgates, which were first installed in 1903, at the Khadakvasla reservoir near Pune. These
gates were employed to raise the flood supply level of storage in the reservoir to the highest
level likely to be attained by its flood, without causing any damage to the dam. Based on the
success of these gates, the same system was installed at the Tigra dam in Gwalior and the
Krishnaraja Sagara (KRS) dam in Mysore.
Visvesvaraya achieved celebrity status when he designed a flood protection system to protect
the city of Hyderabad from floods. He was also instrumental in developing a system to protect
Visakhapatnam port from sea erosion.
Sir M. V. supervised the construction of the KRS dam across the Kaveri River from concept to
inauguration. This dam created the biggest reservoir in Asia at the time it was built. Sir MV
was rightly called the "Father of modern Mysore state" (now Karnataka): he was responsible
for building the very first electricity generation plant in Asia at Shivanasamudram near Mysore
in 1894. During his period of service with the Government of Mysore state, he was responsible
for founding, under the aegis of that government, of the Mysore Soap factory, the Parasitoide
-7-
laboratory, the Bhadravati Steel factory, the SJP Polytechnic Institute, the Bangalore Agricultural University, the State Bank of Mysore, the Mysore sugar mills and numerous other industrial ventures. He also encouraged private investment in industry during his tenure as Diwan of
Mysore. He was known for sincerity, time management and dedication to the cause. He was
also instrumental in charting out the plan for road construction between Thirumala and Tirupati.
As the Diwan of Mysore :- After taking voluntary retirement in 1908, Visvesvaraya was
appointed Diwan, or First Minister, of the princely state of Mysore, one of the largest and most
important in India. With the support of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, Maharaja of Mysore, Visvesvaraya
made an arguably unprecedented contribution as Diwan to the all-round development of the
State. Not only the Krishnaraja Sagara dam and reservoir, but also the hydroelectric projects
at Shivanasamudram, the steel mills at Bhadravathi, the Sri Jayachamarajendra Polytechnic
Institute (SJP) at Bangalore, the University of Mysore and many other industries and public
works owe their inception or active nurture to him. He was instrumental in the founding of the
"Government Engineering College" at Bangalore in 1917, one of the first engineering institutes
in India. This institution was later named the "University Viswesvarayya College of Engineering" (UVCE) after its founder; it remains one of the most reputed institutes of engineering in
Karnataka.
Honours
The Bharat Ratna medal :- While he was Diwan of Mysore, Visvesvarayya was made Knight
Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire by the British for his myriad contributions to the
public good. After India attained independence, Sir M. Visvesvarayya was given the nation's
highest honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1955.
The Knight Commander Of The Indian Empire medal :- Sir M.V. was honoured with
honorary membership of the international Institution of Civil Engineers (based in London) and
a fellowship of the Indian Institute of Science (based in Bangalore). He also was awarded
several honorary doctoral degrees like D.Sc., LL.D., D.Litt. from various Universities in India.
He was president of the 1923 session of the Indian Science Congress
Memorial at Muddenahalli - The Samadhi of Sir M.V. at Muddenahalli There is a beautiful
and very picturesque memorial of Sir M. V. located on the family-owned land at Muddenahalli,
with the Nandi Hills as a backdrop.
BIO-DATA OF SIR.M.VISVESVARAYAImportant Milestones 15th Sept. 1861 :
: Born at Muddena Halli , Karntaka.
1871-1874
: Initial Education at Chikaballapur
1875
:Joined Weslian Mission School at Bangalore.
1881
:Passed B.A. in First Class at Central College of Bangalore
1881
:Joined Engineering College at Pune
1883
:Obtained his Engineering Degree with distinction in the whole
of Bombay Presidency.
1884
:Appointed as Asst.Engineer in P.W.D.Bombay Government
1884-1908
:Served Bombay Government till he became the
Superintending Engineer and took Voluntary retirement.
1909
:Special Chief Engineer in Hyderabad Government
1909-1912
:Chief Engineer and Secretary P.W.D. Government of Mysore
1912-1918
:Dewan of Mysore
1919-1959
:Served India in various advisory capacities
1962 14th April
:Breathed his last at Bangalore
-8-
1886
1891
1899
1901
1906
1908
1909
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1927
1936
1937
1941
1942
1952
ACHIEVEMENTS :
:Designed water supply and sanitary system for Sakkur(Sindh
province) Nasik,Bombay province
:Established Deccan Club at Pune in Association with
Sri.Mahadeva Govinda Ranade and Sri. Gopala Krishna Gokhale
:Designed a New System of Automatic Waste Weir Flood Gate
:Introduced the Block System of Irrigation
:Designed Drinking Water and Sanitary System for British
:Usman Sagar and Himayat Sagar Reservoir project across
the river Moosi , Hyderabad
:Prepared a Scheme for Flood Protection work and
underground drainage for Hyderabad City.
:Preparation of Project report for Kannambadi Anicut across
river Cauvery
:Started the State Bank of Mysore
:Started Mechanical Engineering School at Bangalore.
:Established Mysore University and the State Engineering
College in Bangalore
:Approved the plan to establish Bhadravathi Iron & Steel
Works and a Number of Other Industries
:Designed and Constructed Krishnarajasagar Reservoir.
Public Libraries were established in Bangalore & Mysore
:Automobile Industry Plan was prepared.
:Mahanadi flood control work in Orissa
:Designed automatic Gate for Khadakwasla Reservoir Project
Establishment of All India Manufacturers' Organisation and became President.
:Established Sri.Jayachamarajendra Polytechnic at Bangalore
:Selected proper site for a new Railway Bridge to river Ganga
Honours conferred on Sir.M.V.
1904
1911
1915
1921
1931
1937
1943
1944
1947
1948
1953
1953
1955
1958
1958
1959
:Honorary Membership of London Institution of civil Engineers
:C.I.E.,(Companion of the Indian empire) at Delhi Darbar
:K.C.I.E(Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire)
:D.Sc. - Calcutta University
:LL.D.Bombay University.
:D.LITT . Benares Hindu University
:Elected as an Honorary Life Member of the Institution of
Engineers(India)
:D.Sc.Allahabad University
:D.Sc.Andhra University
:Doctorate - LL.D.Mysore University
:D.LITT - Andhra University
:Awarded the Honorary Fellowship of the Institute of Town
planners, India
:" Bharata Ratna" Award- Government of India
:D.Sc. - Jadhavpur University Calcutta
:Durga Prasad Khaitan Memorial Gold Medal by the Royal
Asiatic Society Council of Bengal
:Fellowship of the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore
-Er. G. D. Kankrej, Vice President
-9-
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H$amdr. g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m AmT>mì¶mZwgma ho à‘mU 1…3 Ago Amho. (1 {S>J«r … 3 {S>ßcmo‘m)
II) {S>J«r Am{U {S>ßcmo‘m B§{O{ZAg©Zm ‘mH}$Q>‘Yrc CncãYVoMo à‘mUmV ^aVr d nXmoÞVrÀ¶m à‘mUmV
g§Yr XoV AgVmZm, {d^mJm‘ܶo gd© ñVamda hmoUmè¶m ^aVrÀ¶m d nXmoÞVrMm EH${ÌV {dMma H$éZ {S>J«r
B§{O{ZAg© d {S>ßcmo‘m B§{O{ZAg© Mo ^aVr/nXmoÞVrMo à‘mU R>admdo åhUOoM AmO{‘Vrcm {S>J«r
B§{O{ZAg©Zm emImñVa, Cn{d^mJ ñVa d {d^mJ ñVa Aem EHy$U gcJÀ¶m VrZ ñVamda gai ^aVrMr
Or g§Yr Amho. ˶mMm EH${ÌV[a˶m {dMma H$éZ ˶m§Mr, {S>ßcmo‘m B§{O{ZAg©Zm Ho$di emImñVamda
Agcoë¶m EH$‘od gai^aVrÀ¶m g§Yrer VwcZm H$amdr.
III) ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m J«m‘rU ^mJmVrc eoVH$ar, eoV‘Oya, Am{Xdmgr, Am{W©H$ Xþ~©c KQ>H$mVrc hþema ‘wco
n[apñWVr‘wio nm°{cQ>op³ZH$‘Yrc {S>ßcmo‘mMm ‘mJ© Adc§~VmV. ¶m§Zm emgH$s¶ CnH«$‘m‘ܶo ZmoH$arÀ¶m g§Yr
nwaoem à‘mUmV XoUo hm gm‘m{OH$ ݶm¶mMm ‘wÔm {dMmamV ¿¶mdm.
IV) emImñVamdarc A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m H$m‘mMo ñdén nmhVm ˶m§Zm ‘w»¶Ëdo H$éZ n¶©dojr¶ ñdénmMr H$m‘o
H$amdr cmJVmV. (CXm.gd}jU, AÝdofU, ‘§Oya g§H$ën{MÌmZwgma/AmamIS>çmZwgma A§XmOnÌHo$ V¶ma
H$aUo d H$m¶©joÌmda C^o amhÿZ ~m§YH$m‘o H$éZ KoUo, Pmcoë¶m H$m‘mÀ¶m Zm|Xr H$aUo). ¶m ñVamdarc H$V©ì¶mer
{S>ßcmo‘m B§{O{ZAa hm gj‘ A{^¶m§{ÌH$s KQ>H$ Amho ho {dMmamV KoD$Z {dÚ‘mZ aMZoV ¶m ñVamda {S>ßcmo‘m
B§{O{ZAg©Zm 75% nXo d {S>J«r B§{O{ZAg©Zm 25% nXo R>odcocr AmhoV. ho à‘mU emgZmÀ¶m àemgH$s¶
nwZa©MZoÀ¶m g{‘VrÀ¶m gd©gmYmaU {e’$maerZwgmaM AmhoV. (gm‘mݶ àemgZ {d^mJ AÝd¶o àñVwV
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Ho$ë¶mZwgma) ˶m‘wio ¶m ñVamdarc aMZoV ~Xc H$é Z¶oV. ¶m ñVamdarc nX{dH$mYmaH$m§Mo doVZ
nXdrYam§nojm AmO{‘Vrg à{V‘mh gw‘mao VrZ hOmam§Zr H$‘r Amho. ‘mÌ H$m‘mMo ñdén gmaIoM Amho. ˶m‘wio
¶m ñVamdarc {S>ßcmo‘mMo à‘mU H$m¶‘ R>odë¶mZo emgZmMr Am{W©H$ ~MV hmoUma Amho.
V) gcJÀ¶m XmoZ Q>ß߶mda gaigodm ^aVr H$é Z¶o Ago gd©gmYmaU VËd ‘mZco OmVo. Ocg§nXm d
gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJm‘ܶo Va nXdrYam§Mr Imcrcà‘mUo gcJÀ¶m VrZ Q>ß߶m§da gaigodm ^aVr
hmoV Amho.
1. emImñVa -----------25%
2. Cn{d^mJñVa ---------34%
3. H$m¶©H$mar A{^¶§Vm------40%
¶m g§X^m©V amÁ¶ doVZ gwYmaUm g{‘Vr 1997 Mo Aܶj ‘m.gwH$WZH$agmho~ ¶m§Zr ˶m§À¶m AhdmcmÀ¶m
^mJ-2 n¥.H«$. 65/66 ‘ܶo hr aMZm Cn¶w³V ZgyZ ¶m‘wioM Ho$di nXmoÞVrV Hw§${R>VVm Amë¶mMo ñnï> Ho$co
Amho. hm g§X^© XoD$Z g§KQ>ZoZo Cn{d^mJr¶ ñVamdarc ghmæ¶H$ A{^¶§Vm loUr-1 ¶m g§dJm©Mr 34%
gaigodm ^aVr aÔ H$amdr d hm H$moQ>m {ZåZñVamdarc nX{dH$m d nXdrYam§Zm nXmoÞVrgmR>rM {d^mJyZ
g‘à‘mUmV Úmdm Aer ‘mJUr Ho$cr Amho.
g{‘VrÀ¶m AhdmcmVrc {e’$maetMm Jmofdmam
Aßna ‘w»¶ g{Md gm‘mݶ àemgZ {d^mJ ‘m.lr.~jr gmho~m§Zr ¶m g{‘VrMm Ahdmc emgZmH$S>o
{X.31.03.2011 amoOr gmXa Ho$cm AgyZ ˶m‘ܶo gmo~VÀ¶m V³Ë¶mà‘mUo ^aVr nXmoÞVrMr nwZa©MZm
{e’$mag Ho$cocr Amho. (n[a{eï> "A') g{‘VrÀ¶m {e’$maetÀ¶ AZwf§JmZo AhdmcmÀ¶m n¥.H«$.9 ‘wÔm H«$. 32-2 ‘ܶo {d^mJmÀ¶m dVrZo Zm|X{dcoë¶m A{^àm¶m‘ܶo gZ 2008-09 ¶m dfm©Mo {S>J«r/{S>ßcmo‘m CÎmrU©
hmoʶmMr AmH$S>odmar {Xcocr Amho. Vr 1…2 Ago åhQ>co Amho åhUOoM AmO{‘Vrg EH$ {S>J«r ‘mJo XmoZ {S>ßcmo‘m
CncãY hmoVmV Ago {d^mJmMo A{^àm¶ AmhoV. Ago Agoc Va XþßnQ>rZo CncãY Agcoë¶m {S>ßcmo‘m YmaH$m§Zm
{dÚ‘mZ aMZoV EH${ÌV 1…1…50 Aer Or ^aVrMr g§Yr Amho Vr 1…2 Aer H$aUo H«$‘àmá R>aVo. ‘mÌ Ago
Z H$aVm ‘moK‘ ñdénmV emImñVamdarc {dÚ‘mZ ^aVrMo 1…3 ho à‘mU 1…1 Ago KQ>dyZ àñVm{dV Ho$coco
Amho d ˶mM KQ>dcoë¶m à‘mUmV Cn{d^mJr¶ ñVamdarc nXmoÞVrMo {dÚ‘mZ 1…1 ho à‘mU 2…1 ({S>J«r/
{S>ßcmo‘m) {dg§JV àñVm{dV Ho$ë¶m‘wio EH${ÌV[a˶m ho à‘mU ¶mnwT>o 1 {S>ßcmo‘m … 1.50 {S>J«r Ago ì¶ñV
à‘mUmV hmoUma Amho. ˶m‘wio ¶m g{‘VrÀ¶m {e’$maer‘wio nX{dH$mYmaH$m§da ’$ma ‘moR>m Aݶm¶ Pmcocm
Amho. nXdrYa A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m CncãYVoMo à‘mU nX{dH$mYmaH$m§nojm dmT>coco Amho. AemàH$maMm H$moUVmhr
R>mog g§X^© qH$dm {ZîH$f© ¶m AhdmcmV nwT>o AmUcocm Zmhr. ˶m‘wio H$moU˶mhr AmYmam{edm¶ nXdrYam§À¶m
^aVrÀ¶m d nXmoÞVrÀ¶m à‘mUmV Or ^aKmog dmT> Ho$cocr Amho Vr nyU©V… Ag‘W©Zr¶ Amho.
g§KQ>ZoMr ‘mJUr
1) emgH$s¶ YmoaUm‘ܶo d CÚmoJ joÌm‘ܶo EH$m nXdrYam‘mJo VrZ nX{dH$mYmaH$ Ago AmXe© à‘mU emgZmZo
pñdH$macoco Amho Ago CÀM d V§Ì{ejU {d^mJmZo ZwH$VoM Omhra Ho$coco Amho. ˶mZwgma g{‘VrÀ¶m {e’$maer
gwg§JV AmhoV H$m? ho ˶m {d^mJmH$Sy>Z VnmgyZ ¿¶mdo.
2) amÁ¶mVrc gܶmMo {S>J«r/{S>ßcmo‘m CncãYVoÀ¶m à‘mUmMo ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ V§Ì{ejU ‘§S>imH$Sy>Z ÑT>rH$aU
H$éZ ¿¶mdo d ho à‘mU ‘mJrc 10 dfm©Vrc VwcZmË‘H$ Ñï>çm Vnmgmdo.
3) doVZ gwYmaUm g{‘Vr 1997 À¶m {e’$maerZwgma Cn{d^mJr¶ ñVamdarc ghm¶H$ A{^¶§Vm loUr-1 (34%)
Mr gai^aVr ~§X H$amdr d Vmo H$moQ>m {ZåZñVamdarc nXdrYa d nX{dH$mYmaH$m§Zm 1…1 à‘mUmV åhUOoM
50%-50% ¶m g‘à‘mUmV {d^mJyZ Úmdm.
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4) nXdrYa A{^¶§Ë¶m§Mm gܶm emgZmH$S>rc ghmæ¶H$ A{^¶§Vm loUr-2 ¶m emIm ñVamda ^aVrgmR>r H$c
{XgyZ ¶oV Zmhr. {Z¶w³V Pmcoco ~aoM C‘oXdma ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z OmV AmhoV qH$dm cmoH$godm Am¶moJmH$S>o
àñVm{dV Ho$coë¶m ^aVr à{H«$¶oV Zm‘m§H$Z H$arV ZmhrV Ago {XgyZ ¶oV Amho, Ago AgVmZm ˶m ñVamda
nXdrYam§Mo à‘mU dmT>{dʶmMo {d^mJmMo YmoaU g§¶wp³VH$ dmQ>V Zmhr Ago åhUmdo cmJoc. ˶m ñVamda
nXdrYam§Mr ^aVr H$éZ ˶m§À¶m e¡j{UH$ Ah©VoMo Ad‘yë¶Z hmoVo H$s H$m¶? Vo Vnmgmdo.
5) ‘m.~jr g{‘VrMm Ahdmc KmB©JS>~S>rV Z pñdH$maVm ‘m.‘w»¶ g{Mdm§À¶m AܶjVoImcr ’o$aAmT>mdm g{‘Vr
ñWmnZ H$amdr. ˶m‘ܶo XmoÝhr Im˶mMo g{Md d ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ V§Ì{ejU ‘§S>imMo g§MmcH$ ¶m§Mm gXñ¶
åhUyZ g‘mdoe H$amdm d ¶m AhdmcmMm ’o$aAmT>mdm KoD$Z ݶm¶mo{MV Agm Ahdmc A§{V‘ H$amdm.
{df¶ H«$.2 - ‘. Jm§Yr amï´>r¶ J«m‘rU amoOJma h‘r ¶moOZoÀ¶m à^mdr A§‘c~OmdUrgmR>r Ocg§nXm
d gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJm‘ܶo A{V[a³V AmñWmnZm {Z‘m©U H$aUo~m~V...
gܶm amÁ¶mV ‘.Jm§Yr amï´>r¶ J«m‘rU amoOJma h‘r ¶moOZoMo CnH«$‘ {d{dY Im˶m§‘m’©$V am~{dʶmda amÁ¶
emgZmZo àmYmݶH«$‘ {Xcocm Amho. Ocg§nXm d gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmVrc gܶmÀ¶m {Z¶{‘V
H$m‘mgmR>r H$m¶©joÌmda H$m‘m§Mr à˶j A§‘c~OmdUr H$aUmao Cn{d^mJr¶ H$m¶m©c¶mV ‘wimVM gwYmarV
AmH¥$Vr~§Ym‘wio 4 emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§Mr nXo R>odcocr AmhoV. ~è¶mM Cn{d^mJmVrc ‘§Oya nXm§BVH$s nXo
H$m¶©aV Zgë¶m‘wio H$m¶©aV AgUmè¶m 2 Vo 3 emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm Zo‘yZ {Xcoë¶m {Z¶{‘V H$m‘m§Mm ^ma
à‘mUmnojm A{YH$ Amho. Aem n[apñWVrV nwÝhm amoOJma h‘r ¶moOZoMr H$m‘o ""nmcH$Vm§{ÌH$ A{YH$mar''
åhUyZ Aݶ Im˶mH$S>rc amo.h.¶mo.À¶m H$m‘mda XoIaoI H$aUo, ˶m{edm¶ amondm{Q>H$m V¶ma H$aUo ¶mgmaIr
ImVo~mø H$m‘o H$amd¶mg ^mJ nmS>Uo ¶m‘wio XmoÝhr {d^mJmVrc emImñVa A{^¶§Vm gܶm àM§S> VmUVUmdmImcr
AmhoV. ‘w»¶Ëdo H$éZ amo.h.¶mo.À¶m CnH«$‘m‘ܶo ""‘mJoc ˶mcm H$m‘ d H$m‘mà‘mUo Xm‘'' ho Kmofdm³¶
AgVmZm H$m‘mda ‘Oya emoYyZ AmUm Am{U H$m‘ gwé H$am Aem àH$maMr O~aXñVr emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§da
hmoV Amho. hr H$m‘o H$aʶmgmR>r A{^¶§Ë¶m§Mm ‘wirM {damoY Zmhr, ‘mÌ {OWo ‘Oya CncãY hmoV ZmhrV,
{VWo H$m‘ gwé Pmco Zmhr åhUyZ A{^¶§Ë¶m§g O~m~Xma Yaco OmVo. ‘hgyc {d^mJmVrc A{YH$mar ¶m‘mJÀ¶m
AS>MUr g‘OyZ KoV ZmhrV Am{U Amnë¶m Im˶mMo H$m¶m©c¶ à‘wI ˶m§À¶mnwT>o Am‘À¶m AS>MUr ‘m§Sy> eH$V
ZmhrV. ¶m‘wio {Z¶[‘V {dH$mgmÀ¶ H$m‘mda Va n[aUm‘ hmoVM Amho. {edm¶ amo.h.¶moOZo ‘mJMm ‘yi CÔoe
åhUmdm Vgm gmYcm OmV Zmhr. EHo$H$mir ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶mZo ‘hmamï´> J«m‘rU amoOJma h‘r ¶moOZoÀ¶m
‘mܶ‘mVyZ AZoH$ {dH$mgH$m‘o H$éZ amï´>r¶ CËnmXH$Vm Va gmYcrM Am{U J«m‘rU ^mJmVrc OZVocm
amoOJmamÀ¶m g§Yrhr {Z‘m©U H$éZ {Xë¶m AmhoV. hm CÔoe gmܶ H$am¶Mm Agoc Va ¶mgmR>r h§Jm‘r ñdénmV
Imcrcà‘mUo AmñWmnZm {Z‘m©U H$éZ XoUo JaOoMo Amho.
Cn{d^mJr¶ ñVa
2 H${Zð> A{^¶§Vm
H$m¶©joÌmda à˶j A§‘c~OmdUr
4 ñWmn˶ A{^¶m§{ÌH$s ghmæ¶H$
H$aUmar ¶§ÌUm
{d^mJr¶ H$m¶m©c¶ ñVa 1 Cn A{^¶§Vm
{Z¶§ÌU H$j
2 emIm A{^¶§Vm
2 {cnrH$
‘§S>i H$m¶m©c¶ ñVa
1 Cn A{^¶§Vm
{Z¶§ÌU H$j
1 emIm A{^¶§Vm
VgoM Amdí¶H$VoZwgma ‘w»¶ A{^¶§Vm d g{Md ñVamda ¶§ÌUm R>odmdr. Ago Ho$ë¶mg ‘.Jm§.am. J«m‘rU amoOJma
h‘r ¶moOZm à^mdrnUo am~dVm ¶oB©c. {edm¶ ¶m ¶moOZoda IMu nS>Umè¶m {ZYrVyZ amï´>r¶ CËnmXH$Vmhr
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gmYVm ¶oB©c. g§KQ>ZoZo ¶m àH$maMr ‘mJUr ¶mnyduM XmoÝhr {d^mJmÀ¶m g{Mdm§H$S>o gmXa Ho$cocr Amho.
˶m~m~V VmËH$mi A§‘c~OmdUr H$aʶmÀ¶m gyMZm ‘m. ‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr Úmì¶mV.
{df¶ H«$.3 - emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m ~XcrMo gܶmMo YmoaU nwZ{d©Mma H$aUo~m~V.
emgH$s¶ H$‘©Mmè¶m§À¶m ~XcrMo A{Y{Z¶‘ gZ-2005 ‘ܶo ApñVËdmV Amë¶mZ§Va Xa VrZ dfmªZr {Z¶{‘V
~Xë¶m hmoV AmhoV. ~Xcr H$é Z¶o Agm Am‘Mm AmJ«h Zmhr. ‘mÌ ~Xcr A{Y{Z¶‘mVrc VaVwXrà‘mUo
EH$m H$m¶m©c¶mVyZ Xþgè¶m H$m¶m©c¶mV nXñWmnZm åhUOo ~Xcr qH$dm EH$m H$m¶© àH$mamVyZ Xþgè¶m H$m¶©
àH$mamV {Z¶w³Vr åhUOo ~Xcr. AemàH$mao emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm EH$mM ‘§S>imV d EH$mM {OëømV
H$m¶m©c¶ ~XcyZ d H$m¶©àH$ma ~XcyZ ~Xcr H$aVm ¶oUo e³¶ Amho. ‘mÌ Ho$di emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m
~m~VrVM {Oëøm~mhoa ~Xcr, àXoem~mhoa ~Xcr AemàH$maMo YmoaU Ocg§nXm {d^mJm‘ܶo ’$ma ‘moR>çm
à‘mUmV A‘cmV AmUco OmV Amho d gܶm gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJm‘ܶo gwÕm ˶mMr ar AmoT>cr OmV
Amho. ¶mCcQ> CnA{^¶§Vm, H$m¶©H$mar A{^¶§Vm ¶m ñVamdarc A{YH$mè¶mH$Sy>Z ng§VrH«$‘ ‘mJdyZ ~Xë¶m
hmoV AmhoV hm XþOm^md H$emgmR>r? ~Xcr A{Y{Z¶‘mVrc CÔoe gmܶ H$amd¶mMm Agoc Va ‘§S>im§VJ©V/
{Oëøm A§VJ©V ~Xcr H$aʶmgmR>r nwîH$i dmd AgVmZm emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm ¶m ~Xcr MH«$m‘ܶo ’$ma
‘moR>m Ìmg hmoV Amho.
‘wimV emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm H$moUVohr S>r.S>r.Am°’$sga Mo A{YH$ma ZmhrV. Ho$di dJ© 2 Mm amOn{ÌV
XOm© {‘imcm Amho. Voìhm XmoÝhr {d^mJmÀ¶m ‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr g§¶wp³VH$ {dMma{d{Z‘¶ H$éZ emImñVa
A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m ~Xë¶m ‘§S>iñVamdaM H$aʶmMo YmoaU am~dmdo d {dd{jV àg§Jr àXoem~mhoa ~Xcr H$amdr
cmJë¶mg Aer àH$aUo g{Md ñVamda {dMmamV ¿¶mdrV. VgoM Xa VrZ dfmªZr ~Xcr hmoV Agë¶m‘wio,
{edm¶ Pmcocr ~Xcr J¡agmo¶rMr Pmë¶m‘wio ~hþVm§er A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm ~XcrÀ¶m {R>H$mUr H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ AS>MUt‘wio
H$m‘o H$aʶm‘ܶo ‘mZ{gH$Ñï>çm g‘mYmZ Zgë¶mMo {XgyZ ¶oVo. hr gd© dñVwpñWVr {dMmamV KoD$Z XmoÝhr
Im˶mÀ¶m ‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr ImVoà‘wIm§er {dMma{d{Z‘¶ H$éZ emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§À¶m ~XcrMo A{YH$ma/
H$m¶©H$mar g§MmcH$ ñVamda/‘§S>i ñVamda dJ© H$aʶmMo YmoaU cmJy H$amdo Aer Anojm Amho.
{df¶ H«$. 4 - nXmoÞVrÀ¶m Hw§$R>rVVm Xÿa H$aʶmgmR>r cmJy Ho$coë¶m godm§VJ©V Amœm{gV àJVr
¶moOZoMo cm^ 12 df} d 24 dfm©À¶m godm Q>ß߶mda {‘iUo~m~V.
gܶm é.5400 n¶ªV Jo«S> doVZ KoUmè¶m emgH$s¶ A{YH$mar d H$‘©Mmè¶m§Zm 12 df} godm nyU© Pmë¶mg d
EH$hr nXmoÞVr Z {‘imë¶mg nwT>rc nXmoÞVrÀ¶m nXmMr EH$ doVZloUr XoUoV ¶oVo. ˶mMà‘mUo AemàH$mao
24 df} godmH$mi nyU© Pmë¶mg Am{U ˶mnwT>o nXmoÞVr Z [‘imë¶mg nwÝhm Xþgè¶m nXmoÞVrÀ¶m nXm§Mr doVZloUr
Xo¶ R>aVo. Ocg§nXm d gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmVrc ~hþVm§er emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§Mr EH$mM nXmda
30 hÿZ A{YH$ df} godm Pmcocr Amho d Vo Xþgè¶m Amœm{gV ¶moOZoÀ¶m cm^mgmR>r nmÌ AmhoV. ‘mÌ ‘wimVM
n{hcr ¶moOZm 12 df} godm nyU© Pmcoë¶m {VWrg Z XoVm 1.08.2001 nmgyZ cmJy Ho$ë¶mZo d n{hcr ¶moOZm
cmJy Pmë¶mnmgyZ nwT>o 12 dfm©Z§Va Xwgar Aer AZmH$cZr¶ AQ> {dÎm {d^mJmZo KmVë¶m‘wio Xþgar ¶moOZm
1.8.2013 amoOr Xo¶ R>aVo d Vmon¶ªV EH$hr nXmoÞVr Z {‘imcoco ~hþVm§er Á¶oð> emImñVa A{^¶§Vo godm{Zd¥Îm
hmoV AmhoV. hr {dg§JVr Xÿa H$aʶmgmR>r ghmdm doVZ Am¶moJ cmJy Pmcoë¶m {X.01-01-2006 ¶m {VWrg
EH$mM nXmda 24 df} dm ˶mnojm A{YH$ godm Pmcoë¶m§Zm Xþgè¶m ¶moOZoMm cm^ {‘imdm Aer ¶m g§KQ>Zogh
A{YH$mar ‘hmg§KmZo gwÕm {dÎm{d^mJmH$S>o ‘mJUr Ho$cocr Amho. VgoM ho cm^ 01.01.2006 Z§Va godm{Zd¥Îm
Pmcoë¶m A{YH$mè¶m§ZmgwÕm ¶WmpñWVr cmJy H$amdoV Aer ‘mJUr Ho$cocr Amho. ‘m.‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr ¶m{df¶r
{dÎm d {Z¶moOZ ‘§Ìr ‘m.Zm.lr.A{OV ndma gmho~ ¶m§Mogmo~V {deof ~¡R>H$ Am¶mo{OV H$éZ hm {df¶
˶m§À¶mg‘moa ‘m§S>ʶmMr g§Yr CncãY H$éZ Úmdr Aer Anojm Amho.
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{df¶ H«$.5 - emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm {‘iUmè¶m n[aMa ^Ë˶mÀ¶m XamV gwYmaUm H$aʶmgmR>r
gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmZo {dÎm d {Z¶moOZ {d^mJmH$S>o {e’$maergh gmXa Ho$cocm àc§{~V
àñVmd ‘mJu cmdUo~m~V.
EH$ hmVr e³¶ Zgcocr joÌr¶ gd}jU, {ZarjU, AÝdofU ¶mgmaIr H$m‘o H$aUmè¶m emImñVa A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm
nydu n[aMamMr godm CncãY hmoVr Vr aÔ H$éZ ˶mEodOr amoI ^Îmm Xo¶ Ho$cm Amho. gZ 1991 nmgyZ hm
^ËVm é.100/- à{V ‘{hZm Agm {Xcm OmVmo. Mm¡Ï¶m d nmMì¶m doVZ Am¶moJmV gd© nyaH$ ^Ë˶m§Mo Xa
gwYm[aV Pmco. ‘mÌ n[aMa ^Ë˶mÀ¶m XamV gwYmaUm Pmcocr ZìhVr. g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m ‘mJUrMm Aä¶mg H$éZ
gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmZo Ocg§nXm {d^mJmÀ¶m gh‘VrZo n[aMa ^Ë˶mÀ¶m XamV é.100/- EodOr
é.1000/- à{V ‘{hZm Aer gwYmaUm H$aʶmMm àñVmd [e’$maetgh gw‘mao XmoZ dfm©nydr© gmXa Ho$cm
Amho. ‘mÌ AZoH$Xm eoaonyV©VogmR>r hm àñVmd ¶o-Om H$éZ {dÎm d {Z¶moOZ {d^mJmH$S>o A§{V‘ ‘mݶVogmR>r
Jocm AgVm, {dÎm {d^mJmMo g{Md ‘m.lr.àXrn ì¶mg gmho~ ¶m§Zr ¶m àñVmdmÀ¶m ‘§Owar~m~V ì¶p³VJV
nmVirda ZH$ma {Xë¶m‘wio hr Ym[aH$m gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmH$S>o naV Amcocr Amho.
¶m{df¶r ‘m.{dÎm d {Z¶moOZ ‘§Ìr ‘m.Zm.lr.A{OV ndma gmho~ ¶m§Mogmo~V ~¡R>H$ Am¶mo{OV H$éZ hm àíZ
‘mJu cmdVm ¶oUo e³¶ Amho. Var ‘m.‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z {dËV d {Z¶moOZ ‘§Ìr ‘hmoX¶m§Zr
~¡R>H$sMo Am¶moOZ H$amdo Aer Anojm Amho.
B§{O.e[eH$m§V nmQ>rc
B§{O.‘m.am.Zmc§J
ga{MQ>Urg
Aܶj
Ocg§nXm {d^mJm‘ܶo ^aVr d nXmoÞVr‘ܶo nXdrYa d nX{dH$mYmaH$m§Zm {dÚ‘mZ aMZoV
CncãY hmoUmè¶m EH${ÌV g§YrMm VwcZmË‘H$ V³Vm
A) ^aVrMr {dÚ‘mZ aMZm
A.H«$.
g§dJ©
EHy$U nXo nXdrYam§Zm CncãY nXo nX{dH$mYmaH$m§Zm CncãY nXo
AZwko¶ H$moQ>m nXo
AZwko¶ H$moQ>m
nXo
1.
emImñVa
7000
25%
1750
56%
3920
2.
Cn{d^mJr¶ ñVa 1950
34%
663
3. H$m¶©H$mar A{^¶§Vm 450
40%
180
EHy$U
9400
2593
3920
EH${ÌV {dÚ‘mZ ^aVrMo à‘mU - 1 … 1.50 ({S>J«r … {S>ßcmo‘m)
~) ^aVrMr àñVm{dV aMZm
A.H«$.
g§dJ©
EHy$U nXo
1.
2.
3.
emImñVa
Cn{d^mJr¶ ñVa
H$m¶©H$mar A{^¶§Vm
EHy$U
7000
1950
450
9400
nXdrYam§Zm CncãY nXo nX{dH$mYmaH$m§Zm CncãY nXo
AZwko¶ H$moQ>m nXo
AZwko¶ H$moQ>m
nXo
50%
3500
43%
3010
25%
488
35%
158
4116
3010
EH${ÌV àñVm{dV ^aVrMo à‘mU - 1.50 … 1 ({S>J«r … {S>ßcmo‘m)
- 15 -
H$) nXmoÞVrMr {dÚ‘mZ aMZm
A.H«$.
g§dJ©
EHy$U nXo
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cn{d^mJr¶ ñVa
H$m¶©H$mar A{^¶§Vm
AYrjH$ A{^¶§Vm
‘w»¶ A{^¶§Vm
EHy$U
1950
450
90
45
2535
nXdrYam§Zm CncãY nXo nX{dH$mYmaH$m§Zm CncãY nXo
AZwko¶ H$moQ>m nXo
AZwko¶ H$moQ>m
nXo
33%
644
33%
644
50%
225
10%
45
100%
90
100%
45
1004
689
EH${ÌV {dÚ‘mZ à‘mU - 1.50 … 1 ({S>J«r … {S>ßcmo‘m)
S>) nXmoÞVrMr àñVm{dV à‘mU
A.H«$.
g§dJ©
EHy$U nXo
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cn{d^mJr¶ ñVa
H$m¶©H$mar A{^¶§Vm
AYrjH$ A{^¶§Vm
‘w»¶ A{^¶§Vm
EHy$U
1950
450
90
45
2535
nXdrYam§Zm CncãY nXo nX{dH$mYmaH$m§Zm CncãY nXo
AZwko¶ H$moQ>m nXo
AZwko¶ H$moQ>m
nXo
50%
975
25%
488
50%
225
15%
68
100%
90
100%
45
1335
556
EH${ÌV àñVm{dV à‘mU - 2.50 … 1 ({S>J«r … {S>ßcmo‘m)
Ywio {Oëhm d¥Îm …- Ocg§nXmVrc CnA[^¶§Ë¶m§Zm ‘mahmU àH$aUr qgMZ ^dZmg‘moa Am§XmocZ
Zm§Xÿa ‘ܶ‘oída H$mcdm {d^mJ, d¡Omnya ¶oWrc Cn{d^mJr¶ A{YH$mar lr.YmÌH$, Cn{d^mJr¶ A{^¶§Vm
lr.gm§Jio d lr.Hw$cH$Uu ¶m§Zm Am‘Xma Ama.E‘.dmUr ¶m§Zr ˶m§À¶m {ZdmgñWmZr 14 Am°JñQ> amoOr MM}gmR>r
~moc{dco hmoVo. ¶mdoir MM}Xaå¶mZ Am‘Xma dmUr ¶m§Zr VrZhr A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zm ‘mahmU Ho$cr. ¶m~m~V Am‘Xma dmUr
d ˶m§À¶m XmoZ H$m¶©H$˶mª{déÕ H$c‘ 353 AÝd¶o JwÝhm XmIc H$aʶmV Amcm Amho. ˶m§Zm Ëd[aV AQ>H$ ìhmdr
¶mgmR>r Jwédmar g§nyU© ‘hmamï´>^a H${Zð> A{^¶§Vm g§KQ>Zo‘m’©$V coIUr ~§X Am§XmocZ d XþnmaÀ¶m OodUmÀ¶m
gwQ>rÀ¶m H$mcmdYrV {ZfoY g^m Am¶mo{OV H$aʶmV Amë¶m hmo˶m. Xaå¶mZ Ywio ¶oWohr qgMZ ^dZmg‘moa ‘moR>çm
à‘mUmV Am§XmocZ H$aʶmV Amco. ¶mV H${ZîR> A{^¶§Vm {ddoH$ ‘hmco ¶m§À¶mgh Aݶ A{YH$mar d H$‘©Mmar
gh^mJr Pmco hmoVo. g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m à{gÕr nÌH$mÝd¶o ¶m ‘mahmUrMm {ZfoY Zm|X{dʶmV Amcm Amho. ‘mahmUrÀ¶m
- B§{O.Za|Ð ~moago, ‘§S>i g{Md
Mm¡H$erMr VgoM gwa{jVVoMr ‘mJUr g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m dVrZo H$aʶmV Amcr.
Zm{eH$ d¥Îm …- Zm{eH$ B§{O{ZAg© {O‘ImZmV’}$ dfm© ghc g§nÞ
Zm{eH$ ‘hmZJanm{cH$m, gmd©. ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJ, Ocg§nXm {d^mJ, ‘hmamï´> OrdZ àm{YH$aU d {Oëhm
n[afX ‘Yrc A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zr EH$Ì ¶oD$Z gZ 2003 ‘ܶo A{^¶§Ë¶m§Mo Amamo½¶ g§dY©Z d gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m©gmR>r
Zm{eH$ B§{O{ZAg© gmoec doc’o$Aa Agmo{gEeZMr ñWmnZm Ho$cr. Zm{eH$ B§{O{ZAg© {O‘ImZm Zm{eH$ V’}$
Xadfu dfm© ghc Am¶mo{OV H$aʶmV ¶oVo. gmcm~mXà‘mUo ¶mdfu AmoPaIoS> YaU, gmnwVmam d MUH$mnya YaU
¶oWo dfm© ghc Am¶mo{OV H$aʶmV Amcr hmoVr. ghcr‘ܶo Zm{eH$ ‘hmZJanm{cH$m Zm{eH$ ‘Yrc 50 A{^¶§Vo,
Ocg§nXm ‘Yrc 60 A{^¶§Vo, gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ {d^mJmVrc 40 A{^¶§Vo d ‘hmamï´> OrdZ àm{YH$aUmVrc
20 A{^¶§Vo d {Oëhm n[afXo‘Yrc 5 A{^¶§Vo Ago EHy$U 175 A{^¶§Vo ghcrV gh^mJr Pmco hmoVo.
- B§{O.aqdÐ H$hmUo,
- 16 -
ghg{Md Zm{eH$ B§{O{ZAg© {O‘ImZm Zm{eH$
A{^¶§Vm {XZ 2012 {Z{‘ÎmmZo {deof ...
emídV Ocg§nXm ì¶dñWmnZm~m~VrV ""Ocdm¶y n[adV©Z''
ho ^{dî¶mVrc EH$ ‘moR>o AmìhmZ
Challenges for future "Sustainable water resources management in the
face of climate changes"
- B§{O.A.am.nmQ>rc, g§KQ>Z g{Md
‘mZd{Z{‘©V n[aUm‘m§‘wio Ocg§gmYZo hr ~m{YV hmoV AmhoV ho AmVm gd© OJmcm H$iyZ MwH$coco Amho. g‘wÐ
nmVirV dmT> hmoD$Z Imè¶m nmʶmMo g‘¥Õ ^y^mJmda hmoUmao A{VH«$‘U, àM§S> nmUr Cnem‘wio ^yñVamVrc nmUr gmR>çmVrc
KQ>, O‘rZ IMUo, ZÚm VgoM Zmë¶m§À¶m ‘yi àdmhmVrc àM§S> KQ> VgoM ˶m§Mo àXÿfU AemàH$mao ˶mMo Ñí¶ n[aUm‘
AmVm {XgyZ ¶oV AmhoV. ¶m gd© ~m~tMo n[aUm‘ nwT>o Ocdm¶wn[adV©ZmV hmoV AmhoV Am{U ¶m gd© JmoîQ>r "Hydrological
cycle" ‘ܶo ~Xc H$aʶmg AmVm H$maUr^yV R>aV AmhoV.
A{cH$S>À¶m H$mimV ¶m {df¶mda ~aoM H$mhr g§emoYZ VgoM J{UVr¶ à{VH¥$Vr Aä¶mg hmoV AmhoV d ˶mÛmao
Ocdm¶wn[adV©Z VgoM Ocg§nÎmrda ˶mMm H$m¶ n[aUm‘ hmoV Amho ho Vnmgco OmV Amho.
Amnë¶m n¥Ïdrda ^anya nmUr CncãY Amho. Ago Agco Var VwcZoZo ‘mZdmÀ¶m dmnamH$arVm ‘mÌ ’$maM H$‘r
åhUOo AJXr gyú‘ EdT>oM nmUr CncãY Amho, OJmVrc CncãY EHy$U nmUr gmR>çmn¡H$s 3.5% EdT>oM nmUr ewÕ
ñdénmV CncãY Amho. ˶mn¡H$s {Zå‘o 1.75% nmUr ho Ywd« r¶ àXoemV ~’$m©À¶m ñdénmV ~§{XñV Amho. Cd©[aV gmR>çm§nH¡ $s
92% åhUOoM 1.61% nmUr ho ^yJ^r©¶ OcñdénmV CncãY Amho. ho dOm OmVm 0.14% BVHo$ nmUr O{‘Zrda
åhUOoM ^ynð¥ >r¶ Oc åhUyZ ZXr VgoM Vio ¶m ñdénmV CncãY Amho. Am{U hoM gyú‘ nmUr ‘mZdr dmnamH$arVm à˶j
CncãY Amho Am{U Vo gwÕm ‘mZdM àXÿ{fV H$aVmo Amho.
¶mV EH$ Jmoï> cjmV KoʶmgmaIr Vr åhUOo ^yn¥ð>mdarc VgoM ^yJ^m©Vrc nmUr ho XmoÝhr Hydrological cycle
Mo ^mJ AmhoV. nmdgmÀ¶m H$mcMH«$m‘wio ¶mMo gVV Z{dZrH$aU hmoV AgVo. ˶m‘wio OodT>o nmUr nmdgm‘wio CncãY
hmoBc
© ˶mnojm OmñV nmʶmMm Cngm/dmna Pmcm Va ˶mMo Ñí¶ n[aUm‘ Ocg§gmYZm§da {Z{üVM hmoUma ho g˶ Amho.
‘mJrc XeH$m§‘ܶo OJmÀ¶m cmoH$g§»¶oV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmT> Pmë¶m‘wio ˶mMm ‘moR>m dmB©Q> n[aUm‘ n¶m©daU
VgoM EHy$U Ocg§nXoda hmoV Amho d {Xdg|{Xdg hm X~md dmT>V Amho. AmVm n[apñWVr hmVm~mhoa OmV AgyZ ˶mMo
Xþîn[aUm‘ OmJ{VH$ VgoM ñWm{ZH$ dmVmdaUmda hmoV AmhoV d n¶m©¶mZo Hydrological cycle da hmoV AmhoV. åhUOoM
""Ocdm¶wn[adV©Z'' Ûmao ˶mMo Ñî¶ n[aUm‘ AmVm g‘moa ¶oV AmhoV.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) d World Meterological Organisation (WMO)
ñWmnZ Ho$coë¶m Intergovernmental Pannel on Climate Change (IPCC) ¶m§Zr à{gÕ Ho$coë¶m Amnë¶m
¶m§Zr
Mm¡Ï¶m AhdmcmZwgma AJXr {dídmgmZo gm§{JVco Amho H$s, ‘mZdmMo Mmcy Agcoco CÚmoJ åhUOo B§YZmMm ~og‘w ma dmna d
O§Jc Zï> H$aUo ¶m‘wio n¥ÏdrÀ¶m dmVmdaUmda ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV ~Xc Pmcoco AmhoV. {dgmì¶m eVH$mV OJmÀ¶m ^yn¥ð>r¶
Vmn‘mZmV gamgar 0.60C BVH$s dmT> Pmcocr Amho. ˶m‘wio g§nyU© OJmV nmdgmMr A{Z¶{‘VVm gwé AgyZ H$mhr
{R>H$mUr XþîH$mi Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr 2% gamgarnojm OmñV nmD$g nS>V Amho. IPCC Mo AZw‘mZ Ago Amho H$s, 21 ì¶m
eVH$mV OmJ{VH$ gamgar Vmn‘mZmV 20C Vo 50C n¶ªV OmXm dmT> hmoUma Amho Am{U ho gd© Green house gases
À¶m concentration ‘wio hmoUma Amho. ¶mMm gd© n[aUm‘ hm Y«wdr¶ àXoemda hmoV AgyZ ˶mdarc ~’$m©Mo AmÀN>mXZ
{dViyZ Vo g‘wÐmV ¶oD$Z g‘wÐ nmVirV dmT> hmoUma AmhoV. VgoM nmdgmda XoIrc ¶mMm n[aUm‘ hmoUma AgyZ
Rainfall Pattern ‘ܶo ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV ~Xc hmoD$Z nmdgmMr A{ZpíMVVm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmT>Uma Amho. H$mhr
{R>H$mUr XþîH$mi Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr ZÚm§Zm ‘hmnya Ago ~Xc hmoD$ eH$VmV. WmoS>³¶mV gm§Jm¶Mo Pmco Va 21 ì¶m
eVH$mV dmVmdaUmV BVHo$ ‘moR>o ~Xc KS>Uma AmhoV Oo ‘mJrc 10000 dfm©V XoIrc n¥ÏdrZo AZw^dcoco ZmhrV Ago
emókm§Mo åhUUo Amho. ¶mMm gd© n[aUm‘ ‘mZd OmVrcm AmVm ^moJmdo cmJUma AmhoV.
Am{U AmVm ho ‘mݶ H$aʶmV ¶oV Amho H$s, dmVmdaUmVrc ~XcmMo Xþîn[aUm‘ ho Hydrological cycle da
hmoUma d ˶mMo n[aUm‘ n¥ÏdrÀ¶m ^yn¥ð>r¶ VgoM ^yJ^u¶ Ocg§nXoda hmoUma. ¶m Ocg§nXoV H$mhr {R>H$mUr Iyn dmT>
hmoB©c d H$mhr {R>H$mUr IynM H$‘VaVm {Z‘m©U hmoB©c. O{‘Zr IMVrc, ZXr/Zmco ¶m§À¶m ‘yi àdmhmV KQ> hmoB©c,
- 17 -
g‘wÐ{H$Zmè¶mOdirc O{‘Zrda g‘wÐmMo nmUr OmD$Z ˶m ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV Oc‘¶ hmoVrc.
KaJwVr, Am¡Úmo{JH$ d eoVrH$arVm nmUr ho ^yn¥ð>mdarc VgoM ^yJ^u¶ OcgmYZmVyZ dmnaco OmVo, doJdoJio Xoe
Amnmnë¶m JaOoZg
w ma ¶m ómoVm§Mm dmna H$arV AgVmV, ^yJ^u¶ OcómoVmda Oo Xoe Adc§~Zy AmhoV ˶m§Zm ¶m dmVmdaUmVrc
~Xcm‘wio hmoUmè¶m g§^mì¶ Ymo³¶mnmgyZ gmdY amhUo Amdí¶H$ AgyZ ˶mda {dñV¥V g§emoYZ ˶m Xoem§Zm JaOoMo Pmco
Amho. ¶m Xoem§ZmM gdm©V àW‘ ¶mMo Xþîn[aUm‘ {XgyZ ¶oV AmhoV. ¶wZoñH$moZo ¶m~m~VrV AJmoXaM nmD$c CMcco AgyZ
EH$ {deof Am§Vaamï´>r¶ H$m¶©H«$‘mMr åhUOoM Ground water Resources Assessment under the pressure of
humanity and climate change (GRAPHIC) Mr AmIUr Ho$cr Amho. ˶mÛmao ^yJ^u¶ OcómoVmda dmVmdaUmVrc
~Xcm‘wio hmoUmao n[aUm‘m§Mm Aä¶mg VgoM g§emoYZ H$aʶmV ¶oUma Amho. Am{’«$H$m ¶m {dH${gV àXoemV gdm©V àW‘
OcómoVm§‘ܶo àM§S> à‘mUmV KQ> hmoV Amho. ho EH$ ¶m~m~VrV Ádc§V CXmhaU Amho.
"Water budget analysis" g§X^m©V AmnU Oa ˶mÀ¶m ‘wimV Jocmo d ""J{UVr¶ ‘m°S>oc'' À¶m {ZîH$fm©Zwgma
~{KVco Va nmUr ho AmnU Oa OcómoVmVyZ dmnamH$arVm H$mTy>Z KoVco Va Vo nwZíM OcómoV ^aʶmH$arVm Hw$Ry>Z Var
Amco nm{hOo. åhUOoM nmʶmMr AmdH$ hr ˶mÀ¶m OmdH$ EdT>r Var H$‘rV H$‘r AgcrM nm{hOo ho g˶ Amho Am{U ho
""emídV ^yJ^u¶ Oc ì¶dñWmnZm''H$arVm Amdí¶H$ Amho.
""emídV ^yJ^u¶ Ocì¶dñWmnZm''H$arVm O{‘ZrImcrc nmUr dmhÿZ ZoUmè¶m ^yñVam§Zm EH$‘oH$m§Zm OmoS>Uo
VgoM ˶m§Zm CncãY Ocme¶mÀ¶m daÀ¶m nmVirn¶ªV OmoS>Uo A{V Amdí¶H$ Amho Ago gImoc Aä¶mgmA§Vr ^yemókm§Mo
åhUUo Amho, ˶mda Xoem§Zr Ëd[aV H$m¶©dmhr H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
gmam§e Agm H$s, ‘mZd{Z{‘©V MwH$sÀ¶m à¶moOZm‘wio AWdm char dmVmdaUm‘wio Oo H$mhr n[aUm‘ ""Ocdm¶w
n[adV©Zm'' Ûmao hmoV AmhoV, ˶mMm ‘moR>m n[aUm‘ Ocg§nXoda hmoV Amho. ˶m‘wio ^yn¥ð>mdarc Ocg§nXoV ‘moR>r KQ> hmoV
Amho. ˶m‘wio EImÚm dfu nmD$gM nS>cm Zmhr AWdm ’$maM H$‘r nS>cm Va nwT>o H$m¶? YaUmVrc gmR>dcoco nmUr
‘oQ´>mo{gQ>rH$arVm ’$³V WmoS>çm {Xdgm§H$arVm nwaoc. nwT>rc nmdgmim ¶oB©n¶ªV H$m¶ H$am¶Mo? Ago àíZ C^o amhVrc Voìhm
’$³V Amnë¶mcm n¶m©¶ Caoc Vmo ’$³V ""^yJ^m©Vrc nmUr'' (Ground water) øm ""^yJ^m©Vrc Ocg§nXoda'' Imcrc
H$mhr ~m~tMm {dnarV n[aUm‘ hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
1) H$mhr df© qH$dm H$mhr XeHo$ ¶mVrc H$‘r nmdgm‘wio O{‘ZrV nmʶmMo nwZ^©aU Z hmoU.o 2) H$Yr H$Yr AWdm
{Z˶ XþîH$mi nS>Uo. 3) Vmn‘mZmV dmT> Pmë¶m‘wio ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV hmoUmao ~mînr^dZ. 4) eoVr {dH$mgmH$arVm VgoM
Xþgam n¶m©¶ åhUyZ ^ynî¥ R>mdarc Oc g§në¶mZ§VaÀ¶m dmnamH$arVm ˶mMm dmna H$aUo. 5) ^yJ^m©Vrc nmʶmV g‘wÐmVrc
nmʶmMo A{VH«$‘U hmoD$Z JmoS> nmUr ImaQ> hmoUo. 6) AmdH$nojm OmñV ^yJ^m©Vrc nmʶmMm {d{dY H$maUmñVd àM§S>
Cngm.
Cnamo³V H$maUm§‘wio ^yJ^u¶ nmUr gmR>çmV àM§S> KQ> ¶oD$ eH$Vo. darcà‘mUo gd© ~m~tMm ""emídV Oc
ì¶dñWmnZmÀ¶m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ Oa {dMma Ho$cm, ^yn¥ð>r¶ Ocì¶dñWmnZ Agmo AWdm ^yJ^u¶ Ocì¶dñWmnZ Agmo,
˶mH$[aVm AmO hdr Amho ""gj‘ Aer ^{dî¶mVrc hdm‘mZmMm A§XmO KoUmar ì¶dñWm.'' hr ì¶dñWm Oa gj‘ Agoc
Va ^{dî¶mVrc H$mhr dfm©V AWdm H$mhr XeH$mV nO©Ý¶‘mZ H$go Agoc ¶mMm A§XmO AJmoXaM KoVm Amcm Va Vgo
ßc°qZJ H$éZ à˶oH$ Xoemcm ¶m g§H$Q>mda ‘mV H$aVm ¶oB©c. na§Vw gܶm Var hdm‘mZmMm A§XmO KoUmar AMyH$ ì¶dñWm
emókm§H$Sy>Z V¶ma Pmcocr Zmhr. ^{dî¶mV hdm‘mZmMm A§XmO KoʶmH$arVm H$mhr g§emoYZ VgoM M°c|Oog emókm§nwT>o
AmhoV d Vr ^{dî¶mV Ocg§nXm ì¶dñWmnZmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo ‘hËdmMr AmhoV. Vr H$mhr ¶mà‘mUo 1) Hydrology H$arVm gyú‘ n°am{‘Q>a Agcoco "Global Climate Model" V¶ma H$aUo H$s ˶m¶moJo Iyn OmXm
nmD$g VgoM ~mînr^dZ ¶m§Mm A§XmO KoVm ¶oB©c. 2) El Nino, Interdecadal pacific/Atlantic/Arctic oscillation ¶m
n°am{‘Q>g©H$arVm Global Climate Model 3) Hydrology study, Hydrological behaviour study, 4) Co2
concentration, Vegetation study, 5) Remote sensed data Mm dmVmdaUr¶ d hm¶S´>mocm°{OH$c g§emoYZmH$arVm
‘w³V dmna H$aUo.
AemàH$mao dmVmdaUmVrc ~Xc AWdm ˶mVrc charnUm ¶mMm emoY KoUo IynM JaOoMo Amho. ho ^{dî¶mV gmܶ
Pmco Va ¶mo½¶ VgoM emídV Ocg§nXmMo ì¶dñWmnZ H$aVm ¶oB©c d ˶mVyZ OZVoMm Am{W©H$ {dH$mg gmYVm ¶oB©c.
åhUyZ nwT>rc XeH$mV A{^¶§Ë¶m§Zr ¶m joÌmV Iyn OmXm ¶moJXmZ XoʶmMr AmVm Amdí¶H$Vm {Z‘m©U Pmcr Amho. ¶m
{Z{‘ÎmmZo EdT>oM. YݶdmX!
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