SHAPING
THE FUTURE
Customised fire
protection concepts
for rail vehicles
S TAT E O F T H E A R T F I R E P R O T E C T I O N
IN RAIL VEHICLES
With the coming into force of a number of national
and international standards and rules, fire protection
for rail vehicles is an area which has been greatly refined over the past few years and as a result, an extremely high level of protection has now been achieved.
The TSI (Technical Specification for Interoperability), EN 45545 and EN 50553 define those
measures which should be taken to fit rail vehicles with active fire protection systems. These
stricter specifications enhance the safety of people, increase tunnel safety and protect the rail
vehicles themselves. As a result, fire protection systems for rail vehicles have become state of the
art installations. Fire protection systems are also increasingly used to compensate for construction shortcomings. For example, there is no longer any need to install complex smoke extraction
systems in underground stations if the rail vehicles passing through them are equipped with
automatic fire detection and extinguishing systems. Italy has played a pioneering role. In Italy, all
rails vehicles which travel through tunnels more than 1 km long must be equipped with a water
mist fire extinguishing system.
2
Rail vehicles
Technical fire protection
Automatic fire fighting
Choice of extinguishing agent
In the ongoing discussion regar-
Together with early fire detection
Separate areas such as control
ding fire protection in rail vehicles,
using smoke aspiration systems
units and switch cabinets are pro-
alongside the well established use
and automatic smoke detectors,
tected using inert gas extinguishing
of non-flammable and, as far as
automatic fire fighting also plays a
systems as it is possible to main-
possible, non-combustible materi-
key role. These are typically used in
tain the necessary extinguishing
als, the issue of technical fire pro-
switch cabinets, control units, roof
concentrations in these cases.
tection is receiving more and more
and underfloor equipment, sleeping
In occupied spaces and areas with
attention. The complexity of rail
cars or couchettes, passenger cars
openings to the outside it is pre-
vehicles demands an individual fire
and other areas with a higher fire
ferable to use water mist extingu-
protection concept. The risks invol-
risk. When choosing an automatic
ishing systems. WAGNER offers a
ved in fire protection in rail vehicles
fire fighting system it is important
full range of fire protection systems
are different from those involved in
to consider where the system is to
for the protection of rail vehicles,
buildings. A fire protection concept
be deployed.
from detection to fire fighting
can only be put into practice here
systems.
following a full risk analysis.
3
PROTECTION GOALS
A N D A P P L I C AT I O N S
In the event of a fire the top priority is the
protection of passengers and employees.
In addition to the fire risks posed by electrical systems, switch cabinets
and engine rooms containing electric motors and diesel engines, when
dealing with rail vehicles it is also necessary to take into account the
potential for negligence and arson (sabotage). The fire protection
concepts that arise from this protection goal also serve to provide
property protection for rail vehicles and infrastructures.
4
Rail vehicles
Locomotives and power cars
and are extremely dangerous as a
tored using an early fire detection
Diesel engines and electric motors
cause of fires. Here it is important
system.
provide the traction. However, tech-
to take into account that fires in
nical defects can turn them into
defective equipment usually start
Toilets and passenger areas
acute fire risks. It is not only valua-
with a long smouldering phase.
Many fires in passenger trains
begin in the WC cubicles. A
ble assets which are in danger.
Breakdowns caused by fires lead
HVAC (Heating, ventilation, air
common cause is a cigarette butt
to delays that irritate passengers,
conditioning)
in the waste paper basket but
hinder cargo delivery deadlines and
In modern trains the air supply
cases of arson are not unknown.
have a lasting impact on daily ope-
and extraction are controlled by
In passenger areas and sleeping
rations. This can lead to considera-
HVAC units. In the event of a fire,
cars, too, fires can be caused by
ble additional costs.
however, these units also distribute
carelessness or technical defects.
smoke gases, which can prove fatal
Control and switch cabinets
for people. So it is critical to ensure
Defects or short circuits in switch
that both the recycled air and the
cabinets cannot be totally ruled out
air drawn in from outside are moni5
AIR SAMPLING SMOKE
SYSTEMS
In the initial phase of a fire, the so-called pyrolysis
phase, before the fire generates open flames, only
smoke particles are released into the surrounding
area.
Highly sensitive air sampling smoke detection
systems compared to traditional smoke detectors
TITANUS® air
sampling smoke
detection system
WAGNER has decades of experience as a
manufacturer of highly sensitive smoke
point-type
smoke detector heat detector
Burning intensity
(logarithmic representation)
aspiration systems that can detect even the
smallest amount of smoke particles. Early
fire detection occurs during this crucial initial
Δt
Implementation of
actions after Δt
Δt
phase and is safeguarded against false alarms
Δt
thanks to LOGIC·SENS.
Time
6
Rail vehicles
Extraction orifice
Deployment in the rail industry
another crucial benefit: The air
of vandalism or sabotage. This is
Typically, the TITANUS® air samp-
samples to be monitored
not the case with the TITANUS®
ling smoke system is used in the
are actively sucked in. The high
air sampling smoke system, as
rail industry to monitor passenger
air velocities and strong dilution
the extraction orifices are virtually
and engine rooms and to monitor
of smoke gases mean that con-
invisible and satisfy all aesthetic
the inlet and outlet air of HVAC
ventional smoke alarms cannot be
requirements. The analysis units
systems. In air ducts and engine
reliably used in these situations. In
can be protected or installed out-
rooms where there is a strong
the passenger areas of passenger
side the detection area.
draught, smoke aspiration systems
cars or drive car units traditional
provide extreme sensitivity and
smoke detectors are often a target
7
T I TA N U S ® :
E A R LY D E T E C T I O N .
L O N G B E F O R E A F I R E B R E A K S O U T.
Unique advantages of the TITANUS® range:
The sensitivity of the smoke detection can be
individually set as required.
TITANUS®
TITANUS MICRO·SENS®
SIL 2
APPROVAL
• LOGIC·SENS intelligent signal analysis enables the detection and exclusion of deceptive
quantities such as dust or exhaust fumes even in difficult conditions
• SIL 2 certification for TITANUS MICRO·SENS®
• The futuristic technology of the High Power Light Source and the special construction of
the measurement chamber mean that TITANUS® can provide the very highest detection
quality and is equally sensitive in all standard test fires.
• Any blockage or breakage in the sampling piping and failure of suction power is reliably
signalled by the PIPE·GUARD air flow monitoring equipment.
• In particular, the wide temperature range of -50 °C to +75 °C is often essential in rail
applications.
• Not susceptible to vibrations.
8
Rail vehicles
Design and function of air
Monitored area
sampling smoke detection
The sampling holes in the moni-
systems
tored area are arranged so that
Air sampling smoke detection
the same amount of air is drawn
standards, e.g. additional
systems are smoke detectors that
through each hole. Each sampling
requirements for Italy and
actively take air samples from the
hole is therefore allocated the same
Russia
monitored area and analyse them
monitored coverage as a point-type
for the presence of smoke particles.
smoke detector.
• EN 54-20, VdS, UL, GOST
and other national approvals
• Complies with all railway
• Redundant ventilation unit
possible
They basically consist of a detec-
• Universal platform for bus
tion unit and the associated pipe
system interfaces can be
system. The low pressure needed
connected
for air sampling is produced by
a fan. Airflow sensor technology
ensures functionality by constantly
monitoring the pipe system for
Pipework
breakages and obstructions.
• continuous extraction of hazard area air samples
through smoke sampling orifices
Detection unit
• secure and earliest possible detection by High
Power Light Source
• LOGIC·SENS intelligent signal processing
identifies fire-like phenomena and prevents false
alarms
9
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
F O R VA R I O U S A P P L I C AT I O N S
Owing to the broad range of housings, modules,
couplers and detectors, the WAGNER Rail 138
modular fire alarm system can be flexibly adapted
to any application.
It provides secure detection and early warning of fires in both solids and liquids and of smouldering fires.
It introduces appropriate measures such as alarms as well as control and release of extinguishing
systems. The Rail 138 detection system is also capable of accepting and processing alarms from
independent systems. Alarms can also be transmitted to the train’s higher level data bus systems.
Early detection of danger and corresponding alarm management facilitates the orderly evacuation of
passengers and employees. Danger and failure signals and shut-downs are registered in an event
recorder that can be accessed at any time. Danger signals are latched so they remain on display until
the system is reset. The Rail 138 detection system meets the latest technical standards for fire detection
systems, complies with rail safety requirements and is certified to EN standards.
10
Rail vehicles
Comprehensive range of
tion of contamination affecting the
additional operating panels. At
components
detectors facilitates targeted main-
the touch of a button, the control
Monitoring of fire quantities such
tenance control. Parametrisation
panel offers display in over 20
as smoke and temperature in the
of the detectors with individual
languages, for example in the
protected areas is guaranteed by
adjustments to suit the require-
Cyrillic alphabet, which is a defini-
a wide range of automatic detec-
ments of the area being monitored
te advantage when the system is
tion equipment. This may include
leads to secure detection and a
maintained at different locations
smoke aspiration systems, linear
reduction in false alarms.
and operated across borders.
Via an integrated Ethernet con-
heat detectors, optical smoke
detectors, heat detectors or multi-
Activation of fire fighting
nection, the Rail 138 system can
criteria detectors. There is also a
systems
be connected to the universal
wide range of input and output
The Rail 138 fire detection system
platform for transport system
modules for control purposes
makes it possible to control the
interfaces.
or for the reception of external
entire range of fire fighting equip-
alarms, all of which are integrated
ment. Status signals from the fire
Fire detection (see graph
in the ring bus.
fighting systems are received and
above):
processed.
All fire detectors, manual pushbuttons and other elements are
Minimising risks
The implementation of automatic
The LED Touch Screen
linked to the fire alarm panel via a
active analysis/diagnosis logic for
simplifies operation of the
loop wiring system. This also gua-
the self-monitoring of individual
control panel
rantees that if the circuit is broken
components of the detection
The Rail 138 fire protection system
in one place all the equipment is
system ensures high operational
makes it possible to link several
still connected to the control panel
security of the system. Identifica-
detection and control panels and
and none of it will fail.
11
SMOKE SWITCH SYSTEMS
For the selective monitoring of individual objects
such as switch cabinets, containers, WC and
bathroom units, automatic smoke switches can
be used.
Unlike the Rail 138 fire detection system, with automatic smoke switches,
alarm and fault signals are generated locally on a “Stand-Alone” principle.
As a result the secure alarm transmission must be made using the train’s
own communication system or train-bus system. An optional status
display can be used as a multiple display of several or distant smoke
switches and will pass on their information e.g. to the train control equipment.
12
Rail vehicles
Range of components
Minimising risks
smoke switch to be analysed at a
The monitoring of fire statistics,
The analytic electronics contained
man-machine interface.
such as smoke and temperature,
in the smoke switch constantly
is carried out using smoke swit-
monitors the measurement object
ches using the optical scattered
and indicates any anomalies such
light principle and temperature
as contamination on an LED in-
sensors with analysis of tempera-
dicator. Automatic data updating
ture variation and maximums.
ensures that the distance bet-
Depending on the system,
ween the background signal and
optional smoke switch status
the alarm threshold remains con-
indications may display and trans-
stant. An optional bus connection
mit multiple signals in case of
can, depending on the system,
alarms, faults and contamination.
allow detailed signals from the
13
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS –
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
For many areas in rail vehicles, such as electrical
equipment in locomotives and drive cars or in
passenger spaces, it is often not enough to ensure
rapid and reliable fire detection.
Current national and international standards and guidelines, as well as
operator requirements, mean that additional automatic extinguishing
and fire fighting systems are now installed much more frequently. These systems are becoming increasingly important in terms of passenger safety in long and short haul rail travel as well as underground train
networks.
14
Rail vehicles
Protection goals of automatic
extinguishing agent is to limit
extinguishing and fire fighting
the spread of any fire that may
systems
occur and to contain the build up
Automatic extinguishing systems
of smoke. This makes it possible
are designed to extinguish fires
to evacuate people safely from
quickly and reliably using gase-
the passenger spaces once the
ous extinguishing agents. The
train has reached a safe stopping
technical challenge of fire fighting
point.
systems which use water as an
15
A UNIQUE RANGE OF
FIRE EXTINGUISHING
SYSTEMS
WAGNER offers a unique range of extinguishing
and fire fighting systems for rail vehicles.
Electrical systems in the underfloor areas or in locomotives are protected
with customised extinguishing systems designed to cope with the specific risks involved. They use inert extinguishing gases such as nitrogen,
argon or CO2 as well as chemical agents such as NovecTM 1230 or FM200 (HFC227ea).
16
Rail vehicles
For local application (object
with pressures of up to 100 bar
protection) WAGNER offers the
at the nozzle to atomise the water
option of extinguishing systems
into fine droplets. The WAGNER
which do not rely on external
fire fighting system achieves the
sources of power and which are
same effect at a maximum pres-
activated by the thermal action
sure of 8 to 10 bar, thanks to the
of an incipient fire. Either inert or
addition of a small amount of gas
chemical extinguishing gases can
to the extinguishing agent before
be used.
it reaches the nozzle. The atomisation of the water in two phases
Fire fighting systems, on the other
at the nozzles creates very fine
hand, use water as the extingu-
water droplets. A unique feature
ishing agent, with water being
of this system technology is that
sprayed from nozzles in the form
storage tanks for water supply
of very fine droplets. The main
can be specifically designed for
characteristic of such water mist
rail vehicles to make the best
systems is that a small amount of
possible use of available space.
water can absorb a large amount
This means that there is no need
of energy. As an additional side
to use conventional steel pressure
effect the fine droplets dilute the
vessels. In the case of rail vehicles
smoke gases which are genera-
which already have a sufficient
ted, which greatly improves visibi-
supply of compressed air, the
lity in the surrounding areas.
existing compressed air system
can even be used to create the
Water mist
water mist. It is also possible to
WAGNER offers a unique tech-
combine the WAGNER water mist
nology, in which very fine water
system with the existing water
mist droplets can be produced
supply to the toilets, saving on
with low water pressure. Conven-
both space and weight.
tional water mist systems work
17
EXPERTS FOR
OVER 15 YEARS
© Siemens AG
The innovative WAGNER fire protection technology
has been applied to numerous high profile projects
all over the world, both in new installations and
retrofits.
SBB Intercity Doppelstock
Desiro RUS
ÖBB RAILJET
Velaro D
Siemens
©MVG
© Siemens AG
TrenItalia
© Siemens AG
© Siemens AG
DB ICx
U-Bahn München
Velaro RUS
In the Munich underground, WAGNER tested the entire system
under operational conditions in a vehicle, in accordance with the
latest ARGE guidelines. It was duly approved by TÜV Süd.
18
Rail vehicles
Approvals and certificates
WAGNER offers a wide-ranging
product portfolio in the field of fire
detection and fire fighting systems.
WAGNER is a certified manufacturer and designer of fire protection
products for rail applications and
can deliver everything from fire
detection to extinguishing. Many
years of experience in the design
of fire protection solutions in rail
vehicles enables it to evaluate the
risks and thus to find the optimum
solution for each project. Thanks to
its participation in national and international associations, WAGNER
uses this experience to contribute
to the creation of new standards
and guidelines. WAGNER fire
protection systems comply with
the following standards and rules:
• EN 45545
• EN 50128
• EN 50155
• EN 50553
• EN 54
• EN 12095
• SIL 2
• ARGE Rules
• GOST Russia
• TrenItalia (Spec No. 306158)
• VdS
• ISO 9001
19
LY
F
DE
FIRE PR
E
E
VE
EAR
ON
IR
N
TI
TECTION
HAZARD
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
FI
RE
SU PPRESSI
WAGNER sets standards for innovative and comprehensive solutions in fire
protection: with TITANUS® for very early fire detection, FirExting® for fire-extinguishing, with OxyReduct® to actively prevent fires from breaking out and
VisuLAN® for hazard management. For more information visit www.wagner.eu.
ON
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© WAGNER Group GmbH. Subject to technical changes without notice. Art. no. 68-30-1105. Last revised 01/15.
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