THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN
1994
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5
~
THE STATE
OF THE WORLD'S
CHILDREN
1994
•
James P. Grant
Executive Director of the
United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF)
Oxford University Press
Contents
introduction
1 A progn..'Ss report
Intn>du<1ion l<> W SlaI<. of llw 1I'" rId's Child....
main
I"'....,.
~
for 1\194. and summary 0(
R<.'I.'I.1I1 year.! hlV\: .<,<'11 ..."., sign ulCa1Il ~ 3j(3inSl ..",.. of lbe major ..,.,.
ciflC th~ ll> the hnIth and wcll-lk';ng '" Iho
cilildron. In",-"l know\<~ and 001n"""" ~y~ lhat. child .wnulritk>o, <liou.." d""bilily. and
illilmocy could be d~ ty n:dlll.'<.-d by Ihc Ytw 2000. Social goab.... l\ectinz lhi.
poIeIIli2l havt'_
~ ~'''"d lJI<!IlP;J'l'<.'d upon by . nupily of Ibcworld'. polil.
_rld',
....Ilcado...... Tok...
~.........,..""""
ioah! """",nllo all 01"""1_ to """"""""'lb<,
"'-'f1' "'"O!':ll a.<pr<\II of IIO'mtr and to brinp: tlOOll' of I~ _
bao.it bmerllS of
to almoO! aU t"'n"'un"i<..... Pasl c"'Pln ....~· il>dkal<.. thai f\lIlional
prul/"-"'" ill b<-a11h, llutrilio<l. and rducatioo ....
Ml on ...",..,..,., ~kli.
"",n t aIano: bill on a sustainl'l! rommitmenl10 iml""""'0lCl\l. in !he '""1I-brins:' of
lhI, pour. AI preIt'lIl only I YflY.....u prnporlion of ~l ",.,...di~ and
of foreiJln oid ;",1"",, 1<'<1 to od<quaIe nutrition. primaJy ht'll!lh eare, basic "" .......
lion. sa/<. '">1<'" suwlY. and family l>lanninfl_ G~ grt'a14'l" pr;.,r;ty, lOOK- "t'l:ds
~
.,...,d.
"""Id ~1y bo: "'"' by lhfo"00 oHID. ""nlu ry.
2 ti« PPEspiral
3
TIle syuergismof
sol l/ liOIlS
Ilolh I"'lIl
~.oo futu", poImli:i1 !1n thtr<il<'l><'d
by "in: prtlbk"lUl"' Iho
ellecl. of poveny, populalion JITOwth. and
d<.'I l.'ri<>rati<ln. Rc""""-ing
prnblo>m!< ;.. pan of the I!'W'Il larJ!t"r ~ of
~ the WOI'1<lw>k lJ3tI;jJi"n to .. ~b k' hWllOll lUlun, -. "",,,"I;""
whi<"h slKIukl b«<,me ~ <mlnll "'llanizillll' ~ uf lh,- POSH""" war <'lao If
1'l'E I"">bbruo in!lk· d<....,1uping w<>r\d ronlinu~ In t>., ~ thm ~ .. ',.",.,~
will be inqn<in~ =oomk disnlplion, pulilkal unn...., "",-back" for d~O>ClI:T3<)',
an d iolIllIbi~ry within ."d t..1........ naOOns.
mUI~O<t'iIlJI
u.-
<1IvironI,.,,".ol
,\cl\i.:vi"JI !he bask ho""", lI<laI. disu-.l in part I would "-,...,...,,,[ .. IlllIjo(
bffilkthrouxh axainSl ~ .. 1'1'1-: problems ."alr".cd in part Z. 11K- wo.... a."JlO"U of
powrly provi<\f' t/ko jzn~ ... to r2pid JlOIUIaIk>n growlh and tnvironol<'lIlal <k11";"
"!'Ition. whir.h in Illrn ~ povl"'y. Con.-ly. mutua!ly-ninforrinj( inVl"'it·
"",nl. in hraI~l and nutrit"", • .,..... , _...,;"". and la!UiIY pl;mniJJR can rn.'llle all
upwardSIlinI of ~l~ in hull'Wl weJl.bo.'ini wlw:h_ld IIdp to "-""'I':
JlOIU tatioo II"""1h and ~ ia/t.'1'rlYironrnt-ol.1l ~ In...,.,n...... t in .... '<.'liIql: _
h1mWl .....m nlUSl ,I><.",fm
lakl'II up with . ..... dO\f'mlinalioa boIh fn< j ",
own llake and IS" tnl'ADlI of ~ I ~ 'E problems which ..i U ir>m.. .m ~~
aIfod "'" only the W<lrid'. ~ <"""""nili<.,. but aU nalion. in the 1'·'l':nl>,''''1.
*
Statistical tables
Alkountry .<tot.... ical tab..... fn< basic indiral.,..... notril ioll I>rahh. <du,,"liun. pupuIation. "",,,.., mic "' '''''~''' and the oituaoon
plu. nog;onal ~
or..............
!lIld ba$k indiratoN for bs populou. rounuw..
Text figures
Panels
-,
_.- _.
-_.......
...
.."
...... ...
....
......
._-=.. . .
I Childnm In war:
1\,:,
_::;:'''''''''''''prcI&<'CWd
«"of!"" ......:;"
ae-1Jloo_.a<=p cUl
1"- .3
dioo
f
2 Diarrhoellllk5eese.
£.&o_d --..I1IIBIlborJ.dIikIn:II.-aliic ....
.... 4 T_IrrIiiIr'-"", 1960
1'"-. 5
~"•i(.<_.
•
•-fCo '
1'\",
.-e. 7
........ _ _ wiac_.....(_ ......
"'.I"""..,........
wiIb .......
''lI0«'
01\1<....... wiIII_ 11>
.... oflllr dr'<t1 , . c W<dd
_
~~
.... a 1'. .....1:..'" of di<io ,looea cpisOOes II'tlIK'd willi 0Il'T
.... 9
4 Eradu:allng polio:
ialht nnl
" " - pupulorion elm., ...... ~ 01 tJ>. -W ond
prlIjI:atd pnp.!Mion ill !he yUr 210ll
"
I\-m.'n lll(" ot rnr.ll poI/l'C$( M1vironmcntally .hrn1oncd worid
~>\opUJN
.''ll. IZ 1\.""''''lO,q\' of ", ...J'""""'"' <1IvironnI<'Dwty lhrt'aImo."ll -
t;,. 13
... 14
'"
1........... lJ,R<' of nnI JlOO","SI ~'IIrironmo.'nIally Il!rl«<....... .
"""
l~oInn1~ ~".i1_ ....... ~ _
lDAml'rin
u.Irr.--.,..... ""*'l .......... olc_........
'"*'" fnIolllIw lIIoIrio
7 Year 2000 goals:
notlonal lllDfl_
"
...
oI. e_
8 Protlress:
•-_.
. . ...
.. _... , ....
. ,. _-- ,..dIilIl_ ........ ...... Nk.enqo
9 Bangladesh:
"
10
1'-. I' ........ " ol)Wc1of6ore lilt IIIlt 011M! l:Ir -.......a ......
1lIt birIll ,,1'1 ..',. w <!lid
~
.. . 2\
At1uII_ po .... lt:iI _
lIlIlII~lbt
.... 27
101lfnIIIIp PO..
$
•
lniaa iDlllOllJSiaI._aepdua
_
......
itt dIol
_ ..... i11 I!160
TOlaI drbI . ~ of GSP.I!l91
IrwestJ~ II'l health:
w.1d d
t
11
... 20 Manif4...:laOn1 ..... do .... _
•
"
r.. 15 a-ia "'~""""'oIl1inboprr_
' ..... d -idl ~ iII ......_ 1IlIlNIilr r-.s
... 1'
.-.IIIlI e
6 Safe WOlter::
.... 10 Shlftof lolal P"'P"1arj<wo """loW ~ (CfC)
~............ of lho ~ and ... .. I'I"'\It woricbI
f'\e. 11
5 MalnutntlOn:
~ for
life:
'
13 AIDS:
-"
14 The USA:
•_
........ dIilIltwIl
"Th" n" n-..ary !aSk of dnwin,lr ~
lion 10 hw'lWlllN'do h.u unI<>rtwWtIy
l(M.·n ..., tu ill,· Jl'IlII'Iar impn~n
lhal 11M' d. -I<>ping Ilror'Id ill a ~
upon whi<:h '"' lU/h' /ails and only
lrag...ty is ~na<1o'd. Ilullhe fact is that.
(or all the oM«kI< IlIOn" PfOlUe""
has bttn llIIIdc in 11K- laS! 50 l"'lI"II
lhan in 1M 1lf'"I'ioo. 2.00D. Sffir1, ,lit,
mel uf the Sowod " '<>r1cI War• ......-..:<rnJ in<vnto... in the dt.'",,~ Ilror'Id
hiM..
mon.'
than doubltd: infant and
~hi1d dl."th r.l1l'" ""'" bn'n ".,.., lhan
haM.'<I; ......nac life ~ has
inm'3SN by lboul I third: \he prIlPlI"'
tiDrl of lJu, ~ W<lr'\d'" dti\dn.'"
otaninJf ""hooI has ri""" 10 mort' than
lhrre quan,'I'S; and lhe pm"'t'nla!lt' of
-_...
",raJ fanollH.'" with acrt':S5 10 sak wAl..ha< ;"""'-.1 from Ieolo< !han Ill' to
-ov... tlw """'" lim<'. much of the
world h.. also fned ¢!ell from rob-
nialism, brought aparthl1d m all iii
(om ,. 10 lilt, o:dJl'I: <>I extinclion. and
largl.iy fn.'<"<I ilSd( from the iron Krip of
(asci.. and lotalitarian t"<'giJ,,,,","
"In tho ck-ad,· 11I,..ad. I ~kar _ _
tunily exists to makt'lhc brelOkthrouxh
again!ll .. hal mighl be called the Iasl
grt"O l obo<mity ""'" l>t'I'<l""" malnutrition, ~ , and iUilorxy that SliD
cas! I shadow ....,.''" tb<: 1M... 2Dd lhc
(Ul~ of lIMo ~ quartt1" of the
world", cllild=:
'/It .'il4I'' l(lII. ........... OIi14mt
1m
Introduction and
summary of themes
1'h",ugh tlk' left. of hislofy, ",tho.,.
....., be<:D bnluKhI dOW>l from mom:
lhanof """'... whal .. IIOW ~~ in
lht.Ik.'Y\.'lopinj: ..wid m>y I.'ODIC tu be
!W'II . . IJx, boginnjnJ! of • Iinal off.....
..'" ~ same of !he old<$/ and
"""" ""mmoo. en""U<-", of Ihe Yl"OIkI'.
than 2.5 million • jnr in lllHO 10 juSl
over I million " yew loday. !imuIlanc'OIloly. II..
of "",,"f.uaI <a.... of
~ . major.,...... ot di$3bil~yand
malnutrition in rhildrm. has I:Ilk...
frnm awnllumal<"ly 75 miIIiou • )'Nr l0
about 25 million.
SimiJu ~ ha"" been .....,.
ord«l. by din! of ~ but linJe.
~ tUortli in lbc' dt."",klpillJ(
wt>rld. "l(ainsI oewrIlI olh... maP"
~ faci&l.<t 1M chil<lnm oJ pcl<lT
~T1Iof<,
..-.it.os iDcludc liW' d...
.-...1ha110d0y kill .......8 min.", childrm a ynrand the ma1lIulritlon ..tUch
Il<>Im back tho,' IIK"lllal and pll~
<1<>,,10""""1 0( On,' <iJiJd in t/lrI:f: in
the dl~l<>ping ,,'<>rId (rill. I). AI... in
,,:In'&! art ""''''' or w· l1lO!Il wnllllO/l
""....... or ~hildllood di..bilily, thc viru·
"''S and !be mi<nmulrio.'Il1 ~
,,'hkh ~""'1)' rear ~ hulldml. of
!l>ou<aI><b orrhiIdn-'IlI'.,mJa<lel>Uy dto!
blind. ",<mally mardt<l...... p;ualysood.
Allhoogh profuundly a/frcl ing mi)'
OOo.s of """" llres<- lng\'<li<.... and 1M
PI'I>KI'-.... ..".. t>.in,cr .-Ie oqpin:$I
them. an: largd)' 1I('l!k:d<:d by me
n><dia. In ~ !hi. i< bo<'llU$C lhl...,
P«>bl<-""" ""' ....... as oonn:aI "'lh<'r
ltwJ CXCl'\lliooal. Bul prinwiIy it is
t>«au"" lheir"",scqumen fall a1_
actu.ivt'ly <HI th< dUld.... oflbe poOr'
t<l
and ltasI inJl....'I1I~ p<.<JPk.
00
"""The
"""'btr
ronlll1uniU\:oa.ln I O~arlI, infanl dl',1lhs
from _1illaI It.'\aIl'''' hz<c bt'<'ll cui
from """" (hall I ml!Il"Iu ytar '" just
0Vl'f baH a million. AI !be SlIIIlf' timt.
!he IOU oJ dchydmion m~ by diu·
rhotal d i _ h&o "'-..... l'Ul from 4 fIliI.
lion dcaIhs ayur '"1t5sl!wl3 ml!Iion.
l 'oljo, 1Il'hldI h&o di""blc.'<I "" nwlY
millioo. of rltiId= ....... !he )'<'afll. ..
at.., now in rctn..... Sinn: 1900. """'"
<-.0 of paooly,.;8 have faileD from
opproJIimatcly half a million a ~r '"
an <'Slimatc'<l 140.000 in 1992. In """
tn.I "'Ilion. 0( lhe ~ """'"
lhe m s i!otIl' is <k>9<' 10 b<ing er3<!1catcd. As an ""trnlI mtar.u", of this
;,chic..........n\, Iii. '""'" l'Stima!l'd !hal
limil<"d lfO(Kl _
of ....,..ol
I"""" is W'n""'" larg<>ly an umold
SlOfY in II.. mi<kloflhe many """1-pJ1>Ii<.~ disa>!C'r'l< M~ules. fortuItl~.
Ihtroo an! ""'"' Ihan 3 millio<l chiId~
U'ling normal !M."JI who woold h"""
'-n pualy""'" by poli<> had it 001 ~
for the ~ in imn'Dniuli<>" """'-...
whleh .. ill kill. """" ,ilild......
Ol(l.' in
)'l'3r
rhan all ,11<0
<'1'1.1)'
_\d", wvs and
famines ~llOlr<'l"''', is bl.'ifJJl """" 10
,..,\inquish ilS l1riP. I~ath. from Ibis
"""'" 1k._inJ/ofchildhood di~
ve Iasl dl'(;tlle.
AI 1M f1Id oJlhe 1!8l<. the inI('1'..(iooally "I:J'....'d larj(I.' t of !lOll imm....
nizallon apinlll !he major YX'rineprcwnlablc dhocascs of childhood was
_l
f
- '"...
fit. 1 Maj., diu ...
lhJol..... - ' " horI
~ -~
---..---'"
. . -. --,.
---_
-- -_._-- ""'--~­
..-
...-
....
I.... 'W)
IM(I _
..... _
....
_ _ _ 1>0_
..11Il
_lJa
~actlfd by .m1<>Sl half of the ~Jop.
inK counlricl.. Nm y all ,,-'ao:II<'<l a <:oY~ I<,,,_~ tIl'1lIlIO 0.- nlOn! (rig. 2). Ry
1995, !he", ;" a ~.I*,~ Ihol
lII:II<.'I'al Dlher inlE1'1laliooall)' ogn.'<'d
Rna!< wiU ohio haw bcnI Jorgely
""hicvo<:d.
Iodine ddiciel>C)', whkb
~~
Iro.l)XI childn" • year In be born ..
m1in. and it !he wo.-\d', mlIjor <aU""
vi pme1llablc mro~ rewdali<ln,
could IOOOll be brouRhll<> an end .
Vl1l1ll1io A dertcirn<')', whidl blind,
an \"Stimale<! 20(1.000 dtildrctJ
a year
lID<! ;" ....... <::m" of iD hcalllllllld
<'ally deaIh
the wo.-\d'lI U"d<...•
~_ roIlld k a1InoiM eliminlllcd.
Dealh. from ",.-onatlll'WU" _
......lable by the iuu1\uni.wiQu of P"'l!'
"RIll WOIIH;'Il. oilould "OOlI l:>ecoolc a
"_1/
rarily.
~ ~"'I of diarrlIo<-al dis. ....... including oral rt'hydllllion I1l<.'I"-apy (ORl). llhoukl "'" kr>o.. " lO fIO'l: of
the ~ ..".-ld'. Wnilie<:. ~
rt'SUk .......kt be the prtW11linn of ,fur.
Lher 1.5 million rh ild deatll....... h ~at.
Polio llhould be <ndira~ from
me"" ,,,""lrieI af lbe.......-kl by 1995.
M<""",hiJ<o. progn:.. ill ...., Iw:ing
made luward. lhe univenal ntifiratian
of Ih<' Canw:ntian "" the Ril:hl.O of 1M
Child. nnw flIIilird by ISO natialls of
Negotia ting tile
transition to a
eue tainabie [uture
mus t become the
central organizing
principle of the pastcold war era.
which 28 haw "" far
",!>an"" "" lhe
>'Ic\lS they haw! IDl'" tawards m lull
iflljllo."""nlal inn.
The bad I><'"W!I, lhoul(h mare ...-id,o,1y
1/2",·IIed. ranIlOI be iwlon'<l Pmlll<-ms
oflhc """" Il<'Ut. klnd _ <:Un""" of
d<,.-muan and Mq>Iail.1tiom, and Lhr
inhuman 300..' uf d tildren ill ....... in
the "",",p1arf.. on lho: >!n" " . and in Ihe
hom. ~ rontinnr lu afIlirI nlaJlY ntiJ.
Iian$ of l'fIUIIj! people in OOIh dcYclapinR and lnduSlliali>o.'<l rountries. lIul
"",n 11<..... there ""' the r"", "",tatiV<'
M.hic eme.g;l\CI: wllidl
migIll on" day 060..,. cItildreo brt. ~ pr1>'
t«tioa from \be wont l";hlBfthe ""uk
Wlll1d. This fngile hope is ditoN.-I in
signs Bf I __
_
..
The PPE spiral
,
In ~";1iI illi Indition uf/lx"ul'lng
on
~hanll"f'll
..'hirh ~h lhe 1M:< of
Iarxr tuUllb«-s uf childrrn but .. hidl
rarely make hoodlines-, pari 1 of 11m
SIal' ., I~t W<>rld~ Oo;/4,u
n'llOrt sum,u..-u..-. lhe progn"" 1lo.~1IJl
mad<: ogainSlthe maior"llt<if" 1Il"-"ilJ
l<l the health and nutrition <>l' child"",
in 11I<' ..-...!d'. ~ r,'",,,,"nHieo-. Il
aIsa 0\ll1incs tbr potential "" funhl...
sig ltilkanl a<tvan... .. ln lhf l't'OT5 i""",-,"
dialdy .....-.d,
)"<W"
PI"",."" ...d
Part t ""'" this
pot"".
ti.. in lhe ron""'l of the broader prob.
"'InS
thal d"ud htunanity's ~
;" the 2(01 =lurr. lq IJIII"\i<.'\IW. ~
Iuoks al the "",11WIy reinfan;ing /Ciatian$hips 1lo.~" lhe W<>nIl ,-ftrts of
ab,;alute p<rv<my. lbe rontintllllion of
rapid population growth, and th<>
~tion uf rut1ll and IIlbaa<.'m'inKtmenlS l1ltuuKboo\ murh 01 the .......-10lIin.R world.So i"I. ~llIIod have I!>t:!It'
prubIetnl< ~> thai 10 dt-nominate
ib(m .-..paratl'ly is l<l risk tnbo:onstnf.
inll the Ih","1 lhal the')' ..."....,.,~ lui"
Ihis n-.n, lhe n-potI tlIIil"" the"""""
<>l' pover1)', population 1l"fOW\ll, ... d
""';"-"'mtfli undI1' Lhr term 'Ih<: PPE
.......
The 1'1'£probk,,,, is iIseIt pari (>( an
.....'" l>rMdl... rhaIltng~. I'or it is
l>e<uming rlear thalth<· w<>rltl ha!< nn/y
a Iioll~ tin... in .,lUrk la fill". ill<
atl~"ti<Jn and ~ti<ol <l/l ~
-+w ,.;u undouble<lly be mr mool
l'(JII'pk'll and diffinlK ItansiIiao in all of
I.uman hi"'lI<)' _ the ltansilio.-l la a /11'10
I'O'h of '" ag..... rha""et"n...d by the
U" M.'r.;I) meetlng of mininll1/l1 human
1II"r'dS, by Lhr .... biliI:aIioa and possiblo
rHlurtion of populatiatJ
and by
rnv\ronmeotally StI;,tainallle 1lI11tm5
of Jl'""CR-.... in all nations. II is ...., ....
tIc"t tlw IiIl. tIl\Illifarcte<! dwlengt!
will lk'mand all <>l' lhf lecht>OlaRi<'al
ingc"' uity. ~ capacily. and
po1itiral """il)' lhal natianal .........-rIe!
""d the inu......tianal """""",ii)' '-""II
command. i'itg<lIiafutlllllisl/fNlltan.
";lion """" tIIo;Mo,.., ~ the millIaIy and ~ 1'" ,',".;upoUon. of
the r-st. and be.:ome tho: 0'..... n ..lral
arxanizini pri",:iplc of lhe pooI-e<>Id
k:v<""-
~A1!hou,1th lhis ~ "",Oln.. \IlI1hr
PPE probJ"m ill lbe """"Iopin;l w«ld.
II llhuuld he mode dear at the """"-1
tboI tho
.......moa
II>
a _,,; ...
fo:,..., it IIrJIICl:r tho I....•
tho ...
frio..
! . .. . .
oihiIQ 01
~.­
no. 1IIIb:'
utdllr_ . . .
~01"""__
Ib<-"""_
ee mt ollbe
IUrio:J ... brouRlot 10
-"'...,. bo:acila
II . . . . . puobod !:he
bio"tan
n-
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lpi na: world has b11P.n fm<n
6.0 w 3.7 ((11(. ~) . 0Yt....u. ihl· proporlion 01 _'<I """",'" u";", m,K!<'m
mMlIod'i of famlly (lbr1ninlr hu
,,,u..n
....._d frwn ..
1 0000 l O ~ '
iInaI"'r 50ti (fia. S)."11... "II<l'd oI1lIls
tIoaiI&" ill lIIIlI'<<fIiI' 1ll<'lI ill drmognphO; hislory. wiIh _
17 ..........
_
'CIinI: ill IIatmII lhrir lfoniliIy
ra... ill 00lIy I*' ~" -n.
_ .......'""'01" ,"I.. ,."".
..... _ _..,."Itw.......•
!Ill'" Dr. HirvIhi
1>ino<1or,
1'1'"
C..- vi. WHO, ·
, ,.
ill . . _ • _
_.itt',
... ...,.
...,.
____
' hI-*-
....... iII lhr dc "
-W . . . .
wMi .. .",,Its ..... lvl.diit_ ..........
::.ib' :
io ... 01 ibr _
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it . , . - iIrfId.
I
'
, ; ... fII • • _ I
-.lri
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'
IOlIOCiII
M...........
t
t
....-... Ihco ...uitiooaI hNlilI 01 bolh
......... ond doiI&ft: MPt'S -...
lJooo ......... 01 , _,
' - n .....tcr__ -uil1
lIlOC"C
•
.bil ....'.. 0 1 _
'""'" Iliab ~ oI '
.,
0-.
bnI:h. _ _.....
1lIOCC'
~ t " " . ~ "-'OIl
thr an' Md<duoMiOII 01 tbildma; n
t !IIoors P"I",lvim C"""'lh- Ani! "'-'"
tbouth ihl'l't' \0. lIlIII • ('<lCIol<Itc .....
""""" <kmMId. Ihfo ~ of /aftoily
...~
. .. mlll, <
~""l'Pb'._
. M'
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.__ ......... "
,td· '_10-.-:011
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...-
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Wfbtft...- ~ 10 . . . .
.-y nnl '-"Itt
bourtlood. it "'"' r.- from
.........
.....
...,.....,. ........ ond ~
.........
~ ribu 10 ......coin MIl
.'!UtfIC\ht<I ~ ill tho- "'CJIOininI Y<'I'l'01
1"" 19!1Os; hul ~. orh~. "" for
:-: Moorm IhM ....... all dc~
1\IIlIon__ ' - the- .......,. 10 11'"
\hi, boW"""""" vllllrimli/ic Pl'*" 55
¥ l!lr diI:poQI vllllnool
vlllM.or
.a
.n..
........ ..-aiIabIc' • aknoot
. - ; Of'
"'-"""I!d ... ..-H. ~ is
........ .. _khoidf pulW _ politi-
.. '_.'.55 lballtdl otl._.. . _
_
heitlII: ..a.-nd 10 dit In.m n."O)lincory
ink<1loao whI'tc 0Iliihi0IlrlI <GUId br
~.
lhol boIh .... ai"'otilic
tw-.... -.I lhto _ _ h <-""
___ 7 '• •
............u_,.
_lhIl~is"""
_Il:>t"b t ..
~ ~.i:r
tJ . . .
ia . ........ ... "
.'
~ _
""
_
vllbcir
_.W_ . . , .."...,.
.-m. _
......
ftWIr
...ub:. iI:
s.w I { " WorirJ CtiIdmo
ol.."".
~
.....
~
.....III:t._lI.-
10DJX1i) dtidrfto • ,...
_ _ pctJIiitR"
"olllwC1l'lh.
Ib
19l1Oo
/wtffti«_~ 1{,.
ioL
thilcIrfto • ~
bIoo:i m.m .be lid 01
r..r
19l1!l.
_
.~lh2
.....
IriIlI ....""U& _ _iI1lri1l1 ~ •
Thit ~ vi wbal ~ .. .,.,... p»>IiI* to ......... Mo ........ from bNIIh
prxtiliotwn. ud odlooIo vi ",,1>&
II<IIth, from UlIiIl,'tl N;IlioQ_
f" m I/w: 1ound.U..... md Ih,.. """"IfO¥"
.1Icio...,
<'f1lmcn'lIllJl'V""i.t>I<ion,., Iron' IN ..".
f<:uichlll bod;"" an~ Uw n....-ardl
;"";Iulio~
lU>d fro'" ;nm:.";11,1( num-
brnr of anM.b<, nlNlia """""""W......
upin;on k
and puIiliral lxHlio.....
Ao 1lIal
Mo _la~.
... k '-1It.'I/WI to ......... iIio'(( inu>
poIiIiaI ~ An nrIt n:aqJko
. . I b r " - " - 10 lho.'
............... bt - ' - 011
MliutIII polIIkaI iNltmI .. Ihr ....
1!IllClt. Iv. lhIl ............ IhirtI vlllr
dud j ' « -'cr. tllBdmI ...,...
eos ........
briIw:
-d: . . Ole" .... JlWS
bft
80\......, ..... ......,.,.,.:
bt_, ·
1tI....... _ _
.......
........ _1Idoa
lhiI
......- vi .Iolt ·
....
~...
. . , II>
I
bmrfit:ovl ...... _I0
..,.aniIIIlIt. Tort
. . ...
•
'"
t'
lOlft'lII
....
~lrt' _ . ~ 01
to 1'1
A wbo:tI k
-_
..
__.... _--"----
1
milliucl btIbir. brinll aIIow<.nd 10 die
cadi )'tW" ....... ...... _ _ IUl<haI\It<aII'd d<dft icldot- ~ ol ......
oM: ~'<'Cilcte
icI-,.
oIw
..nI?"' ,W wlty '"""' 1l<'Wlt .......
pt'O)IIto 0li1I ............. poiIIfal ..c
......OIIcte: t&<u 01"""""", dis.
. - ....... dtr ('Of! 01 <'tllIlni ill
6twtI _
hod borN rNwro.l to
. ,. . $t..50 ..... ~
t:w. __ Icc wIKtI ~
...... Itotl ........... lIot.- 10 br
__
• ' j t<rt<l • • _
........
-'
ood _
<loti 0Ull'Ijt0' Ibot OOIttl1hitl,lt .. ~.
Pl' ".1 tl . and m.-.abIr.1It'ltinary
I1iantI<Ital dioc._ ...... ot7I ........
thor &0<0;-. 013 miIIilItI )'tIWIjf thiIdrt.>ft •
)""r. Of' thai ........ rluu:I 3 rniIIion ~
-.orkl, k bo.
'= :l . .
·""p1ica'" ....",. """'" .. "",",,",I'd
....
okllfindMIJ.
Ole" Ihr
.ns
... _1*to
~ ...
CIliII A ~ 0¥0il0blt ... ......,. rbild
01 riokl'" WIlY _
Iodil>c dtlio:it1o; ,
IIl'ilI tIw: Indinlr ....... of ~
m.,,,lOl l't"\Otdolioa iIl lttt wvrid (fiIt. ~.
.....sing -.. loo.lXKl lnfon'" 10 btlborn
.. ""-'lin" _ h )'l.... and affc. 1lng IIJro
r>ormaIlIc'vdlll'lneUI 0( IIIl'UI 50 mil·
Ii<>n ,·hildrton. ...I\fon Ill!: probkm t'II'Jld
he pr't...... ,ed by -.w1hi11J( .. afrortl'
ablt and ~le .. ludi.ana" a1111a11
odwrbooir
IracJ.
f ""
tIIl«iIr...
k hod
dlt
dlr ....
ditiIOI old " ow ict
_
trieo
add odwr _ _ II> Ihio
.... 1M
ft'por\
1Ilill _
1fW
0llIIIt!L
.-I _
Ibr Boldlildl ••
..... ..... d
InoI: .-twd bt
_liLlt. .. Ibot I " Filii: nutill
. .bc."
7..., .. .. w...
chJdrtotllO ...... ~
~
-"l _
dwI
....... Wt.,.
, ..
4-ol1ij " -
_..... . . .
iHcI .....
' :
l6.'l) t
d
~
0IiII
".bs
w ..., III ....
lllis .. obk.. 01 ..-to r<tht<rIi.-?"
....." ,. _ • lbitd 01 lht- 60: ..' ~ ••
........... dlilcfttI tduw otI a . qabIc.·
-iIbt .. hew
I
"""'"
6ttuotIotnIttIlhoc ....... utriIion
br
~ - bowIlioIIr ttdum:I •• I:WI of
low lhoII SlO IX'" dIlld~ ·
\I,..,. .......,.
•
E
VIllY minIM. , ntwbom dill of
lOti"". _lion. EYMY Ion .....
"'. ...... Urn, din... wi ke. dOWIl l
. - mOl!le'. hlry VI" . In aSlimltld
5O.tOl ""'ternol deOlhs Ind nl .1ly
600,00) _ nlUl 11tII..... d••ths - 01
up to 0.. qUill" 01 inf, m IIIOIIIrflV in
..,.,. cO<ltlllieJ - eM bo OIevented
by _nus .......Iionand d..n bioh
prootic...
0.. 01 lhe 1/11'" -OOP'ed by lito
1990 Wolld SurnrM I.. ClildJln WlO
th. ,Iitniovlion 01 n..... tal t8llllll!l by
1995. Tho vl CCin, itHII h.. bun
.... itot>!o Ill< :111'"'" and ~ h•• I<>n9
t>etn mown thlt two dos•• o/tetanus
to~ during lI<~n lncv wil I'fOIOCI
boIh molho, , tid bobV <A'IIiI Ill. ehild
cln bo .'tcn ted irIIitpendlmIY.
¥0I1ht ,"M 1(1 drl•• t tl\ll..... logs
!>ad!y behind. Alto, • doc.do 01
inltnS. "'Oft, !he lmmunillliDn 01
inlJlRIlI ' gs",*, IlIl'>t< 01<
01..0lIl.
. bIo diSl. . .. 'u,,,teI .. "" td _
.. mom cQlJmriM by !hi Incl oI19!i11
Covellll" 01 ~ ' nl ..._
with
tllO rIlIS VIOCinl '(lSI I,,,,,, lind" IS'llo
In abo"' !:6'llo (lV\!f " " dtc,d•. but h.s
sin.. fallen b.ck to lc$O "'.., CO% .
F(lOJf VOtf1 19>. diI Stor. of 1M
WOf1o"s C/IiIdrIlt! repo<'l cillld "'"
0. .
_orson.
..... di,.tted l!Ie Wotlcl H. olth O,g'_
._ 111 01
R,.....
nUl l;",,.. ExPloded
I'fQ\l" !MIIl
on
Immunilllion tot _ 01 dill9BOs:
' 1M cantiIHwIt:. 01 _ W
lII WlU. n pr9$lffl/l •
m.iM fIiIure 01
public hnllil proCliu. II if """ 01 !hi
_
tklm.tic . rrd fIlVO'rinII • ••
00n. of our l'IIidtr f. ilurt II> "",...;M
"'lie "",,,,,,.t ho.1Itt urvkn. N«
11M
c... 01 _ _rollot"',", _
"" ~ III <><:CUI. Btluif 1995; /he
diH. .. should 1M ~ in.""Y
<""""T. w.
I good. SlII*
. OCCiM Inti ir c<MJld l ilt!should hi...
h....
""" d... . l'Ilmrdl)l:
S,dIy, tile.. .... rdl '" just "
..lr;lnl ,ocIl\I.
Tho "wi01r IliIu<I' nc,,"," thII
.....11 binh ", 1<tiCOS whic:~ bnng
IIl1nu. '9"'11 iMlI ...... " wiIh thII
UMllled \I1lbibc;1l
curd
«
binh
clnll. lMs- """,bo.. CII_n in.....
dl.eloping _
~
_
in ....""'.
1l1llC• • 01 PCJOf hygienl Ind
medical
nogl101. AceCl<ding to "'. WOOd
HI""" Orglnill6on. IIfIIV hl~ 0' ..
doivorin
.""lid.rod 'clol n' Ind
«tI 1It~ '" IlteOOtl! by I IrII111d
If'
-~
Some
countrios "" winning ltII
bltIle Iglinsl tellnus by I combine·
lion <>I ."oinllionl Ind _
JIl
ptClfllOll SIM, cllild~ limbo_.
where !IIree CJOl 01 fivI pr.gnlnt
-..on Ir ' IuIy imIunill<l I gl inn
....nu.. now tr. ... II _ _ ""'"
perfurm <leIMrrio.. wiIIl ,n Imphali.
on Iho '!:tIrol elll'" - 0101. ,,"neI.. I
cloln .. rllel kif dl liYl<'j. IIld clo.n
tuning lnel CI" 01 till cord. And
Chinl, _ I ltII id• • <>I rho
tT" .. Wll 1m d.. tIoI>tcl fI<:~
tIogln ils fiJll '1IlIIlIIS; ..ceinlllon
cU lplig n fO< _
in »l CournilL
Th. i!and. wher.
Clun _ QUmsr oIl11K1111111 mono
.r;,y. ;, on rho Wly '0 wit>in'l ....
rho dO
by 1m. T1Ho .I ",PI~
me impJDl'ld " porting of tillS.
nil" odutttion III rnotiYat& -..on 11>
bI
inllId. I nd ,"clling .. I. birIh
prICli
III trlditionll birth l nen·
dInts. IIuTth worl:.... Ind othor
rlldlfl.
w••
,""'""s ..... ,•
'...........nv
Between 1988 100 1!l92. lIIanus
....oid ..........11ion <>I Thai _
..I rty <Ioubll<110 ~ whii:1 tIII"US
siIoIs I nd baosl"s Wl rl giYln III nint
"'" 01 ,on ••hooIohildr.... Sot. dol·
iIoory kits WI" wid~ dislliIIlJlod.
ISfII<iltv ....Ir . IIl1nus WIS moll
provIl lOl
As • re$Ul\, in "'. two provine..
" ginoring IlIo highlst """nl~
\IIIf'OJI Jl III, !hi numblr 01 CII..
Wlsh."ld in _
veon.O
""Y" ...... thaI~~.. M ..
thf;, ,,",, ' , '.. """" iI IlIIWaM<'d
.....".~.~-:lout·
-m~.~""""J.JIIII'"
_
IIw "'"
'a. 01 '""""'" "
n"
• tho- ......... 0I. . . . .,....,.cvup/ei'
w-.
_
cpt
.... M!djoioe
'
--
~.-bO:tI
t.I
a,..., '"
1M..,..
M;'Iioa for
.... by th<o)'NO" 2lXIO.-
Id>itriIla Iht:
1IritfIJ. l ' - _,...
inc:UIr.
,.. .......... ""' ....,..
baMaa ol thild - .
-wnI
lailr
Do. 01 ""'"" <he UIoiola 01
...................... ....l ....
""'"" Ia<J'fU Ire -"cr ....,. ol
....... . « Ihr Iwc lha
ol do<_
booIio: btatfilI; ol
_.....w
... $/I0oI111_ bo: ....sr ...mt*: _
dlildn:L Ihc'
fl
1"0;'
_
.... ,
-u.we
_Ibt: . . . .
ol
faaoilr : '
the .... '" fwocloonkC
iIILhr:ew.. '
_ _ beW
aolw
r\DbII .......
......
.... • opjICIIOfCl II> poliIjtal 1Ililaoy,
«,e ........ 1hl' Warid S-.. ... CbiIdoft. IltW • 1M Ullilod
Narioa .. ""' York,
_OAd "'"
_Itt_ ....,
1.1"_
_
....PI
"' • h_f"tl71l1li011.
71
_ PI-.
\1" '
" oa
"'-l _01 111._ _ bill bfn
........... .,. ad._a ill :a.o-I-
.
" ' .... lOll; Obi
"'" ..........,. '" "'" -.hi *"'-'lr ~
b" lI"WIltd. And I~ .. . - "" 1ICI<Id
n:a!IOIl
any
Ul lh:cly Ibne 1m&:-""<I"c:n1S 10
"""""llIIIlt no mal....
family III
w!l<.on· lhcy mat live. Al\hau ~h p<.....:rty
and ullCk'lllrvelopmml malcf \he: I;ISk
IIII' Ithltvt.ntdl '"
daft ..... ~ P pCIIl
~ I'dlnaloJajto or txpl\l'
oM ""wicJoiaI ~ tI>o:r" an:, ,,,
Lbt
~ ol ~ rtXhtd
....... the ...a
by IIiY dr¥clapiolll .......,. IhaI jtiwocoIlhc- lash adJj.
n- :wiarit)o.
~.
"tl\W'O
The I<IUII t1al'I
"* 01
0• •
hio« II of
w.r ,.. 2lXIO .... ;. tUnaItd •
.....
It $25 16loI .,.... Thio
;.. amalI \lricIt III
PIr'" a ..""om
Ihol ..... dE ai .It Pf'IOK' _ _ •
It.:<IIihImI .... Ibt ......
. . . . . • p<oIfi1,I'. Ntd II. iI • \lricIt
whidl
lit- _ _ a6ltclc<I it _
-v.
.....w
Dol_eo:"
piau....
""'
~
..
__
~ ~
•
",UlillM - _
------ -
~ diIT"",h,
!hut
-u.I1CIIlh _
'
•
•
triIiDa wbidI
.. tho- & ocl,_.
-.hi. TIM: tnuk .... ....,., of _
...........,
•
.....-.
..... 5,ia
1M.'" I ' • -'<L lOll! D '" -..... 1IioI1loodgo;u. ..... 10 lit- all ad
lD 1 a"om io
AI ill ..-ciOlt
balii: . . . -.hi b":do , . . .m.
...... ~iftIIh __. bosic: ......
...... Nk ...... .....,.,...... r-i)y
_ _ "'dlriD
--.
...
,.. "'_ .... 1O"lbfr' 0""'''''''
ill suniwal. IltUh. _
The ...-fI...........'IM ollhe*", inlorJuJnlioa p i ~ lhi:o ~ The
ouainmo.:nl ol lhlt 01IC xual - <orhidl for
Il>c IIrl'llirM On hiWlrjrbn>u ~hl . basic
i'dmtiflc lllllllOCl' 10 vinual/y f\'tfY
"omm.mily In lhe worid ~ ~_
...r.unl lhal many oIb<..,. Ilimibr and
,.quaIly iqIortam plI CllOJId be
~ ,. 1IIIIlooto ~ 10 rna.,
lh<' It\mIjIl - ' illbe iI>IcrnarionaI
00ll'IlUIiIy p¥r U .,1lIillo.1I Ju;lpDIt.
III Lhr !II '" Ill9O. IhB rioina __
_ ' " wlai o:llIOId be' doIIC ...........
......... tIMl_
Ihc' .1.......... 01 9Ot.
•
...•• 0
.-... 01
........ioIooucl
, Ibt: . . . . .
~
Ncw goa]s
1 I .
IriIiool.
,_
_fIiI,
rca..1'ri<-'r odlool.,....
.... .... Ie-. . . 01
.. IIw .ocl : '• .....w?
w!l:J,... mot$It. wm' W1lIaN iII!l11bSQl.-Alrin . . . . . . a 1...20"*
01 d1ilt« ill dIildbin1I 'II'lwa1M ri* ...
• _
III tho- n!ldbWzul -'d
'-I bcoIoo '"""'"" 110 ....1, ill ~
,
img-,ni
H..I ...",. IiIdoo ........ _ ill
~...,. iI* 1""_ II
«1110
.... ifts -:k. 11110,-, it ... asIoed •
...., u.ilod sax- Wet MOlbnbood
ill
500.000
C"""'.... 1!I l Il. _
r - __ .. ..,...,....,.,.....
., -.- -....
At., Ie60I tIoIit;.q
eiptd by 1511 ~ _ thai nth
ftaliQn ~ lIdlIjIIlho'
'" ito"""
~ and drrw
DaIionaI
u
bH1I rncII<'d in Chile. China. Costa
~ C u~ tIM: l>crnomlic I~'s
~bli<: of KotN. 1l00duru. 1l00g
Kong. Indone$a. Jordsn. Ku Vl'lli~
ine11lding I!ang\adesh, China. ltKll.\
and 1'illswI. which !<JI(t1her cootain
no:... rly half the developing wnr1d's chi ~
~.. By 1995. 1latlJ[tadeoh. China.
Malaysia, Maurillus, Mexi<" , Oman.
ltKl~ and T~ia wiD bl.' producing
er>ouJlh iodi=l WI La pn>l<!ct tbeiT
entire population..~ A funher 33 """...
lbe Philippines, Saudi Arabia, l\misia,
and U",If\I3Y.
n The
lJW.dccadc larjp.1 of • 90lrt
1'Old\lCllon in mea.. .... ca-. and • 95'l
rl'due:tioo ill m<:asIes death .. is likely
II> be rta<htd in sevaaI COWltries
Indudina: Bruit ChUe, China. Coot.o
Rics, Rwand.o, Tuni..... VICl N- . and
Zimbabwe.· 0'teraIl. there /lao ~
"=' a 6fl1, n;duction in musIes ~
andlID 88ll. reductioft in meuIes de.l¢b.
collljWtd II> prWnmllllitalioo levels.a
o ThI....., is aI$o o<>/lcI I""Il"""l 10
rq>o!I in lhcbattle II> cnodicale polio in
selected areas by 1995. Thm: haw:
bee.. DO ".,.. <:alICll of polio in Nonh.
CenLral or Soulh America lor Ibe 1asI
1wo yean. and poIio-l~ >OIM':S at"( now
also bcinsl =al«l in Europe, Nor1h
Nric:l. Soolhern Africl and !he Middle
E:ast. Globally, the numbtr <If polio
<alft "'"" Men rN...,..,) by apprtlJ<imaa-!y8OIrorompoan:<lto .,...,..mmuni<alion 1.....,1s (fig. 3).~
n MlIDl' nation. have ""'" begun to
immonU:alion sys(enI8 diotn"bote
villlmin Acapsules La child ~ oot'r !he
~ d
si>: monlh. - includi"ll
Bangladesh, Btuit India, Malawi and
the Philippines.a lD lWO d Ihc devel0ping worId 's """" populnus CDW1trieo,
~ and lI>dio. bctwt'eII ~
U""
and
There have beeu no
fl ew cases of polio
in the ioestern
hemisphere for the
last two years.
.
'n
~
of chikln'll
~ &0
W- been
""",00tI. An :o«:cler.o\i<In ot ~ ­
and 1he use of the irnrooni<:uio• ."..
tMI lor vitamin A distribulio:l in IIW'IY
more <ounlri<... - ...iII be ~ if
lhe JtlnbaI ~ of <"OfItrolling ¥i1amln
A debnq by 1995 is l<I be met. lnd<l"'f>deft, ~ condtlClCd in 1992
<OJIlimJ llw, in many areas of the
develol>inR wnrId, ¥i1amln A SIlpp;e..
mMlS <2<1 nod",,", child tlc3tho by lID
"_
of 25loR.t;Md PI"llUC9S it oIso bcing made.
in IlIlIDY n>Iiono, towar<h the middecade goal of cIiminolitlJ[ iodine delicienq> (panel 8). 0vl'1" 1M 1asI rIVe
)'W'5, tWi<H>al soil iudizalion pro,I[!WIUIltI have lfOI>e in1I> IuD ~
in s toW nf ~ cleYo.o\oping COIIntries -
o
-"tries
art-'
in Ihc proa.. ... of 1il1ling up
In """'" DlIion.. the " .... Its arc
aIn;ady b<.>comiDJ( oppucm: llbuWL
Rolivia, and E......,d...., lor example. art'
~ to the point nf preventina: SIQ"
"""'" caoes nf Hx!i"" derociffl:;y eeorden!. ~ .......'1inism.
n The 1990s bave a1loo _. """,killed
1'S000teso itlwmillg lhe lido: agaillSl the
b<>nlc-fe<dinK 01 infsnts. Aft.... ttIO<'e
than " decade nr W<IIi< by WHO,
UNICEI', and many no"1ltM.'1"1lmrnlal
0flllU\lzati0ns. the frtt
Dr Sllboidi=l
dislributioo of infAnt formulas to ""'"
t1>OIlI<:n in ho,;pitalo lnd t1I3lemily
clinics has t-n banned in nearly SO
,k,••,loping CDW1trieo where m.. pn<>
lice_ fornll!r1y a<....,'k'd .~ Under!he
WHO/ IJNICH 'baby-frit.'fId1y hospital
initiative', man, hond,,'ds nf h.oo;>itals
and malmO i\)' unilli in lM.... 100 dc>'c~
oping and indo 1;b'io.1it<:d counlries ha~
s<Jo,oc<J !he ,"" sl<po to ....t<Ct<Sfu1
~Il' dsa"", up by WHO lIld
UNICF.F in 1 989_ ~ In bosl>i1aIs where
re<ords have been s.na/yl><<l ,he rn,.
quency of iIIIles!! lIld death IIIlOIlS!
II<'Wborm has been substantiaDy
1'Old~ and siltniflCallt tirw>cial ......
ings bave bef:o nude_- Given !he Sll~
PQ<t DC health pn>frsoinn*1s, the
~ of infanl formula manut.<,
WtW'S, and !he continued ilI.....lvemcnl
oflhcpoblicsnd !he~1al
~.. it ohouId be r-;ible to
actI~
lhc mid-dc<:ade. fOlI of <"fl'Jlll'.
ini th:ot the majorily of the wnrld'. hoo-
pjtab and t1I3l<.... i\)' uni!o "'won the
ncIu!ive ~ing of infanls in
lhe rim lew 1lIO<Ilh. of life.
n Thcgoal 01 controlling guineaworm
disease by 1995 is aho rIt3rly within
"-""C:h ~ n!f<1ing hope to thnx who suf·
fe"11>DIIlIM 01 ~ pain, re-. nan!lea,
vomitinJr, diarrtIoca and
~
bndy wakncss. To""""'s Ule end of
the 1!lllOs, !he worldwide number of
eases of guinea worm di-.. was eiIti-
1lIlIlnl.~dJl0""""
n...
r _ "" l!I!lt - " " ilia 1ht .......
~ ilnowdowalo""""'U-l..u..a
- 9OlI; ~ tbom ill juol .,...". A&><-
w -.btr ....
InIIII 4Cl,lKKl iro
I lXXJeaos ill 1!l!lZ. ill.
.-riel. ladiL
~
__ iI
19S1 1O
1ht ...... ior
1ht..., 10
19!il5. r.mu. "pulEd _
ill 19!1:t ... :ohooiW _
GadIiil,
Z3 CDOS
joia I!tIt
c.-.... c..-..-eo-. "-
s-li AtalIia. Mol \.. . . . 'dlt ill 01
(
.... IhM ~ --'1' Irftd
1bt. . 1o •• 0I1hi1
· 1Wo0l ...
_.o& <Wd '
.... ~ .-l
traioI'<Iln lbt ,""opo ~. _ of onlibi........ Ikn allhouch 00 """"triCI ...,
I\1IlIIU.'d 10 haW' dnwn ... pions ""
..,..,.
~·Ibtft is .
,.. IiIlle
01 K'lb _ . . - - "
1ttIh. Tht
ill Iha - . , thIIl 3
....... clIiIdrN
_
III ok """'"
~
~ aiM
--......._-_ -.... 1 Solo_
-
iIliJ I. loci.."
1IoNt6I 01.....
'I
.... ......, .... 1IOl ....,.,.
....
IIoe dIiIdi •• 01 IIoc
........'·i '..,.
--"1....," '.....,..
..... III
po<IfN
III
1Ioc_..... d. . IIl.-lo... .....,.. .
. . . ..... ' 'l Il h i tIot dtoooelNilIIorio. ~ ~ llioc -*:r 01 CIIliDI-w. Yel dllt dnp """ ......
_ lor SOli 10 dIoo
~,.,... '
lIId ·c. . I
1ld 10 IllId 1ht
O M...,. . ,. I. ·'lII'
~ ...
..,.,.
~0I1bc-V. d.a.
ItIIII<iaM: IIddr -.I lqcty \IIIJlI"I drc:M ..., _ Ixirlr.... PIilIblt III
..""' •• - . I s lbt IIOCl 01 <It-. tIooooc wloo.-cliMm,
....-PIIb'""................,brlht a 1'1 "",•• in ......-... ~
ol ORT lw alMbtal lOO ....... Aqur' .....2OllOUill'.
bda.1ht~~
• 01 run!
wiIh ~ 1<1 ""'" Lor 01_ C\'IIlw)' hM now pa-.I since
..... hM
him ~ ....... :lOll in iJoo, <!bw'd ' _ """'" thai. dclIydra.
19!1l III _
lIlA In 1992. If this tlon oouldbe pr'CWfI~ ond 1rnItd by
a mialul1' ol oupr ond ...... . a ~
~ Is maintaln<'Il. Ih<.'D India _ill
........10 lh<, rtar 2000 WId oIlU1i~
~ry dw wu dc!I<'l'lbo.'Illn!he 1!l70s ..
. _ II( Ike t"M1nI ,.rdiro/ .m..t1I<'C\'lI6, m ruralan.... 1>11997. In 11ll3l
2.2 "'illi'lII Indio Marlo: II lwId.-.",flS,
IIIn101,f1tl: " lilt
n...
"-loI>'d
liInlugh
<.Wplr.IliOlI
ICChniquco it ¥inually <'Ooll.frt.t . Vel k is
brlwt..... lilc: GcM:mmmt .... IndiA, sllII known 10 only abolo.n QIIt Ibinl or
lI "lC ~. ond ~ <lIP"
!he: dc: ,d"pio~ .......tof. lcrnilitL And
~ .... ...,. ~ wakr 10
diIn'-<l " - Is ttill kiIiI.- am...... 5SO millioIl ~1Il. iniIiIII CVSI S miIIioa dIiIdn:a • )'9'". Utime ma.
oI_u&... I) S4 ..........-.
dmI ...... lbt ...... teld ~ of
... 9 look " obpk • lbt pI'1lb- btfttr-ol Of """" iaAonoIiII - ' "
Il'mI Iha haW' btotIl mdItrtd ..., lbtM it Is ditIcuII 10
Ibtm
dot
.............. 210 ,... '" deb ""'d dyiow • -:ll _ .... 25 ~
-'
Pl.
n. 1a
'*"
_----_- >f_o-
lIo<.. lWl..... _
.
_lin.".Itt"'.·
~
. . .eded ill ......
., wiIhia 1!ilI
owl ~ _
""""010""., • I '
~
... (
~,..
S-.....
' 1 , 'I
...
rqualb . . ~
1liIIl!her? _-.r
. . 01 ....... . wtlidI ...,
C' U 1MIdl _........,.,
1
•
l'roes•• ill _
ill "...Ii......
noww
~ -..p killer0I1ht _
schi.
........ l"'olol ~ in a dcwn lIMiooK
hlW'ahowoo Iha ~ <k'alha .....
bt' ~ II)' "l' 1050l il"portIIIS arc
iDbmo.'Il oIt1l<' Nfly dan«n" aigrw.. and
if
C'OmmUIIiIr 1K'alth ......un arc
1lII
_
_
c• •
...
_
--- .--
""M .. Iooooft«
- a ad •
•
c-.
~
s,.;.. .... l*d kfi> F...........
_1_
__
T--. ~ . \'.
t&. ...
.l.oaol:a.
..........
""""
.........
1IuI
iro lhc'
tlIiIn _IIe
doc OIT
~IIl •
III •
(Ir.~ .
1
..... from
_ - . , 01 .
1NOtCly. Samo.Ilbula. C
.
1lIb~
~
.....
..... _ _ 0 . -
A$nil pu:...
~
IJOI.
. lbt IIlI'IIlllllt: 10
jIO'OlWt ~ . . . . . dtb,dilllioa ill
....,. _ AnIGl<
III
~
..
IhtncIt wiIh rood: ...... diIII; 10 '10110
t$IinoOIft, ....... $1 bi50a a ~ ill CIIf'o
Imtlr bnIr;
onIicIiaf 'hoecI
~ or
harmIuI, whm &II thai. it """""-'<I, in the
dr\cs. _
cpenl ....
01 which """
__ __ __
_c_.
..-------...._...."'.-
---_
_
· . .. . . t
. _
..
~
"
T'1lt WIlIlof'
I
_
mDS'
plofound "IIIfi.
'g. ney is
tionIl
ser
001. ... n
InC dOl.
On
flO! "'...
voI:.. ""Ilk Ill.lngl . Yfl COflIIlIO/I,
is lho<kiI>g in
...ry<Irj ml lnuttiti<ltl
_
.. .1• • nd .....'ilv; I st..1Ihy
ICCom,*U (If
"""."Y,
~ SII.<1tI II1e
mltllollnd pl!ysicil gfOY<th 01 on. in
_
ohildrenIn Ill. 6eYtIo~ WI>I1d.
Only I" 0/ no 01 lilt WIllid'S cllildrill. ... ibit oisiblo ~n$ or ""inlflli.
lion. Ik.c I n ",lim.tee! 1911 IIIiJIion
child,," under .go fiote
IJI
chroni-
co'" ml lnouti$hed, lod ttl eorlr into I
POll'''' 01 iI hOi"" Ind _
drtllopmem.
probj... it mosI widI ·
n..
._en.
' 111... 6 in So.." ....,. , hom.to hltt lIIo
wo"4. molnDurishld
Thl lcoIo!/\, of ""~ is cOmple>. Ml ny ~ d . in _~ .
bou<I\oOds "'" silo" of 1.,.,.j bllWOtn
hlflilSts. 01' tmicl d""'llht and wl r.
YOI mon ... lIIourisl1ld child,.. IiwIIn
homo. with Idtq<J01. lo.d wPil. '"
Ody I ....., smal llfO»O'1ion of I flm it(1 lOtIlfood intokll is '1Il";,td I.
_ . ~ child . dl qUllOly.
Sptcifie "'obi. ... ouch .1 low
Ilitth Wltighl ood . p•• ilie p,.Clien
slowing CPt dtlorminv bone growth.
lung botorl ...m.triIio<1 t>.oomes
vi$lbll. ~ I "'lIlifieS ti'>I WOIIt . . . . .
quen••• lit h iS. Tho ris ~ 01 dyi>g
from I giwl n diselSI Is dou_ for
mildly molt>ourishod ehikjren, .nd
1ripIe<l1CPt those mooerat.ly molnour·
WIld. '" ' (JIlri. ~ is 1 11eto1 in OM lIlinl
lit til. 11 milIinn un...,·!Mt d••tIls
N t h V-I' Good ourriIion. .. till
other hind. is ..
ag l inst disl.II,
For I
01 fI.,OftS tIla! stiln·
tisss "1 only lIoeginnino; to u"".. stand,
molnlllrilion SIlfur. hlldllt inIhIlasl
l1lmISll' Dl pr~n.ney Ind dering tho
fitS! t2
bini\. During fIlis
.......'"blo sta g., !hi liny 1I000000cl1
' oquires OOflS\OrI\ ~ brain
dlYMpmonl is
'OIl'l!'lItion
.nd till " a ~1i'Ig imm..,. sysI.m i.
0_
'"""'tv
-.how,
" ' ring
_ .klo!.
Tho _ _I tIItol$ 01 stlrntinll
I II oon.lfI,nl'" baton • oh ~ · . tnt
bittl'KlOI'. Eve<> a "Ulrition rnp""..
thlr l.ft", til. ohilll" liUly to sufi"
!f.m bllow-norrnal grnwtll, . ~ C1in g
phy$k110<'ld _
nllion..
Ind _
c
IIivI billh
. is I!lt cO"stlM.lion
, • •peoilily o;lie"Ilo.., thot
~s in poor oo",lIIulllti.. " cl:inll
. 101" ..... tet Ind IInlttlio.. Chroric
ilInt..
nutri_ from U. body
01 dis
d"""
I nd its ctls,
Wh.. nourisllml nt ""'" lew, the
h.....n body mlk• • "'m~ '"
h IP golnoj. MO>lIy, tho.. "-0miMi 1'9 "vi5ible - or .isi"'" only
lot., III "",.. with gfOY<th <IIIrtII 10
"""SUrI lIHI llte 01 rtumi"ll. Ywtu'lly
!lie.. ly DUlWIn! siqn;, sluggish.."•• til. bo<tr stnIggr.. to 0............
I ....gy. UndtmOur ;shlll .lOIdron
SIInd flthor tIIIn (\Ill .nd ploy. sit
,.tIlI, tIlIn rtI<'ld. 1iIinslta d lit sir.
To oompon..,- tIN" tlWll flllriems.
til. OOCI(s mfll t>olio fl tl drops.
Blood IlIIUU'" sinU . H body t.t ;.
low, ~ 'borrows frO)lll its .......... _
dlpltting musole ifISIud of tit I nd
I dl,"lo""",nt ' nd
oomluOIIIimQ til, lulu" 01 . h.'kI'en
OUcO IS botllt ·lnding conIIi!lIM
hnviIy to mllnlllririon. flo prineiplol
_
""""ur
Poorly nouriIlttll ......,... lind to
to l.WMle.-i<;ht bab:.. ~
......OIIrisMd in 111. _
. ntI Ilk""
to ' "m.in 50 in Ihe o"",illl'r!J ye_
lit ttl.
III 111. t950WorIcI Surnrnil for Chid"fI, po>li(l.11
. grHd on ti'>I
IlOl1 of h. Mng _VIfe I nti mod...to
lei"'"
m.,""Ili..
fit. . .mong untIe,·fiws
by 1M ye., 2lOl La!V*·••• 1e 1><0-
grarnmn in both
...,.
Afric. Inti Intli.
rt4 O'n be
h..... reollllfy .-.. til..
E""" in d1I 'lidS! o! I n Il:ooonio
.r\ois. Torti.....'. o""'"'unity·.......
mo,.
IrirIg. nw'ilion P'OlI" """' h..
thin h'lvtod Ihe r.... oj _III m.I..,
trilion in thrII Y"'" Tho m.1OOSlo!
thl prog,.mmo .... . ~ ...'rultaly
Slh ohild in 1!18(. Thai 00$\ his bnn
.......111 to lbout 12.50 PO' . hiJd ..
!Ito proor'n'Wne _ nltionwicll . 0
_
m¥rl1 01 .-... if
lIimJjo lAd
iIIn:p<......... OKr.
a Tht
I!UIf 01
~
lIl:'OJIalal
. . - bl' 1\l!l5 will ...... rncht<l _
............... t:J-d $. In 1990, •
_ _ ..
...u.-d 5.'ll 01 JII,a
tht ...,,'. · •
......w......,~
"" 1!I!Il, lhaI .......
...-.- _
dIiWrN _
"" •• ' . 01 . . - .
......1hnIl!IIon' ill _ " ' - ...,..,
~of_",,~
T.-
oIlba Ieod.
....
_
aIIlrlor_d-.:JO,..s., ~_
. . . ill d . , . . a
boo . bIIof
......,. ............
.........k's.
......,.
""ll.....,.01.., .... bc.-atfU0I
....... . 1'C'flMo.'OI ill .., ,.,. lor ..,
01( iHU >«' with
~
ynI:n:o.
a.--b«-a..
~
T....,..........
Ult<l """'I)' ll> ~.
.. for ""'"' a q......... 01 poIitiral dl.'leI'
Il'IirWloo lAd ~ I...... lor
<"CampIC'. io ""', oI lht poornI """...
In 11... w<wId witha p. n'Opita GNI'
or <Hlly SJJl> a Y\'l'r. )'t'< 11 ha5 W<',....:0.'01 In Irnmuni.Dnx n<:arIy llO'li 01
~l ........... apinlll 1tUnu-. And
""'''' ll>r Nlllmilmt<ll io mack', .....
_
e-I be !'JPd: TholIand. hao nil
-..ll<tanu. tlNIho ~ hall ill 1M
,n....
laI
w.... yftIS bl' ~ ril!..wn
PI sdr
prt'MlR'.
aIIImliI. and ...... WI
cIHIwr ~ -r ""
<bob5r«" lb ........i......
...........,.
--r"
F..-r ,....
-....-
"llIM!III coalil
.
-
SlllUlOO
~
..-.~
<tlidt*th. Tho'
...-..ltd..,.
...
-'dIiId
......." DIIriQamI6:
,1rOiD<OI5 _
...... _
binh,. _ _ """"'Id ..
f!t'1-.,................
_ .....
br~
lbt inI is ....mol iii..
.. iI
~i5
. , ............ "' ............
............. 01ckoIho IIIoriaa: lIf"tC"
..., ... dIIdllirIh ... dlr ckoIho 01
___ -tao_ _ )'aUI; 10Ii-<' 1lirtb
...,.......... do D<II wioh III .........
..,It
or.-bo .......... _ ....
. . olwIiow. t'anlily pbnllinlr <'llIld
ll
, ....,..,... ~ .. ","", '"
_
ot.............hs.
ThI' lIt'«lI'Id !lItp ~ thr 1'"'" .... 01
t..iic ~ nn' - ' lninl:d ""!II
... t,o
_
l....,0111
:l... _ .
•
=
0I1br <'lIrd) ............... lbr ....
",*,,_Illa_ i U H i " ii
--w. No ...,.... """ .......... 01
.1Iinbtiil
1 1· C....w_
........ "'alraiDl'O! .......
... l!IInI ""'" Ia . .
.• •
,po",~."
........... , oi:lN\rI(-""",
.....
wllo e
ollolr jliolllt 06
1lirtb ' Thio
dIiJd........,.
.,.md
ft.'ljIJino
It'<WoIuKks or
_ ","n ~ It ... 1IOlI'lIlaIly ..
jiI ... id<1I 1III ~"''''' bJ' '''''''
in. dioIrid """"""" - ' mal<!nIiIy
UIlitA lOony famil1 tohouId ~ ..
ow= 0( ltw: rioks dri ldbinh. Itr>d
....."
w~be
lcIlty ID "'""~
~ ..... - in """""'" - Iur ttan.
pori 10 • IloepItaI or mal"""ll, IUlil
oI>Dulll the",..11 orilo<.
~ II...
llO"! 01 a 5Ollo red..,.
lioa in malemal mon'lilY bl' """ <."lId 0(
lht- <'CIIlU'l' .. ll.th 100. "'"
bIf:
l1li an- In<cloI 01 «-..i<' ~
IIIftIL II wuuId lrIW briIIsria,I( lht-
'* .."."
_ _ mIIIIC'nIaI rolOf1alily
_
.
., ISO dnIh. .....
...._-.'" ...._.
... --_.--Q'U _
_
" .
",
_""'_"
1<1
500.000 binhJ - a
--~
... oI.. ' r; •
.... '" .......w 01
......_
_ _ -uiIr.
~is_llllr
Rs-IOno
I'oi:l* allw
P
. l1li
............ 0( m ' 0 wi dalh,l. l'wo
~.,.
prcItfC1 looth - " «
u I!QI, 01 ,.,...dNU ,,*-1laIs. dl:-.,w,..
bod , . . III briDa' ..,.. ~
.........alialt-..
doIrinI: drIi+<7y. t'lloock <IP"durifII: _
II3rl<'Y ... ho/p to ........, hiKh blood
*-ly IdIi<.'oo.
,
...,...,. .-.its
.. lIK' -"L io. I 51 l1lioll,. 11K'
Ilo;n,;u'" f't:Gpir'. Iltpubk of
"""" U ... ;io lbr Pl3i1 '
Sri 5
V''" N-. _1
..
U l~
if _160
10 t'dln:
. . . T1w"'; 01
,'[
........ lor l1li
lIOIl: of dIiIdml if
a"""'"
_......-of.1IIr
_0I . .
....... w.w5 1 k"'of _ _
. . . 0I ...... _ 1looI ~
0I
1/lf: _
dilInaIllO
•
. . ,.;d ..... io 11M- 19!iOo" 19iU<.
priawy ""'""01
-' .-.
Iioo ........ !IIWl' ~ ... bIIm ill a
.........,,01ok, . 5 ; 1 «1.'I;JUdlri<s.1*Iicnan,- ill """''iIhorM Alri<'a. durir« 11><
ilia......
InaIrnowl all ~ 1b< probIrm "
"
0llI' til. ftW'tlIion
•
~
1111:
~_til.Ilr
....·
-'d'.~
em.
ew1II
I "'!rio
~ Khool. bat
doIDtwalhinlaol
lIIoooc nRIIcd.",.
lor III k"'II
*-'"
...
~
LJ !'r<J«l
,'
• ? It 10
....". ill: _
..
""'-
<
'" . , . '"
,.,.. ... .... '" .......,.. Ilc<ccIIl
..hiI: ..u",iIIS hnI' 1lfc& ~
.-y. bul1h<T hnI' ..... bcal-..:
....- 10 family JIImalnll wrtioco ' rtodo<<1 !l5' in I'..ost NU (ltdocllna
ChinaJ • .,..:r 6OlIO in SoIIlb-f_ Alia
and l.atin Amtrio.-a. Ilboul SSllIn Soo!h
Asia, and Icss lhan lOti In A/rita...
In ..I>$alw'an Mrb.ln par\l<ular.
l/w., pmbIom ~ """,h <Itc:ptr lhon
lick'" priority aad lad '" Nnds. Hiah
child dallI . . . and low \o¥cIa tiI. ......
.,.... "'"
1M __•
.... 1ImiIy 1"' '' '·'I I"fIIlIIias ~ 1l.­
Mt....tIiIc hr.'IIlh!llldcrta
"".bc...
haoooo
~
Ihp ;
I'<'dt rI delle. .(
..._
.
• poliries,. ...
lIAI«
ff) P'ftt - -Ilh d>c
..... Ihol 1b< ..". '" . . , . . .
......
... ~ Mdllel"Oicn his . .
"Jll"C'_
III all .. 10 lit l!iv<n ........
pioriIy, IJM.oa oinoiW
bt
....,.."'
....- 01 •
'""'"-
'
•
..
rd.
•
Higl/ child deat11
ra tes alld knu
levels of educa tio n
for women mean
that demand for
family planning
IIf"C'"
_10
A... . <_? . IOIlIiI..........
lISK.'F.F 11M IlIiI ,....
-..mrd 1 _
puI6:..... - 1lrt
. . IUUI-"\'W.
,..,.. • N.m- _ """ ....,. u..,
Iolcsc ..oilabk .......... 10 m:onl
lIIld """""'" uallonIllCllit ., ,,",..If in
child ... tViYal. hnlIh. ""uilio.. . I'<lu<3llDn. family pilnnil\,l(. and _
""",-.en.-
for
NOI by GNI' aJorl<'
01"11><.- baoi<. ~ lilo-Enpw....ldv-..1M0U(lIl b e ~
10 .. lImiIQ, ....,.
i. . . ba<
.. lor....tled.1IIIjoriiJ' olllr _ _
........... ""conIL
III s-n. tbr PflIl*Io iI I ......-.a
bdicllllaJ
100 b;J
mrIlOD ' I
•
bem"
...
1b< ~ __. 1 .idttp...... ""iaI
lha '1loc P'""" will ....,. be wilh . '•
iIIol -Ilh - " )'OW . . ,.....,., il.
IIld _
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1tI Pft' 1,(00 bWu: or Itw: CbiIIa. Ibo
Dl'i,••crlllk '~'. ~bIio:: 01
KIln... I"': n"rul:d(," Il.:public:. E,imo.
Il" Ddu,"", U~ Pbilippln..."" Sri lanka,
III>d \!let Na", .
!'iimil&rly. """'" 01 IJM. poomIl
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....b&h&nIa Nrio.... """" """""r
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it
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Public pressure
The ~t thtt'M 10 "'it jUl"It
hope is :hoi lho: C"lliIUlIilrnlIl :hoi
b.we btftI mIdo w;a _ <OItIDIIIl>d a
do ,, ·. ·OUI...-1d.II ......•
Y.,> <:'DUIItIb Qh ,.,. aPe>
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.0100
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. . '"wi riG:"ol'd ~ II ............
tilt
aw,
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I
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bow i fl_ bI>I. .. !he P"""'"
pootIl-
IiIIl The l« h olories ....d ~
.... briJIlIini IIasit- bt1>dito 01JlI'1lllR'A
countries are today
closer to meeting
fhe most basic needs
of thei r peoples than
athe r countries that
are considerably
II w-I pubic. ... ....,ro.I,
..... rn. Iht
Promises and ~
~
M any poor
... ..'Vi
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palilinI
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'I 1t:adtn.
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.
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frnm Iht . ....
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&",,<10'. tIIIf:Il1iII if lhe aomrnitnw:ftlS
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"
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d_opina wDrId'o popuIllion wiI ~
"rill" Cint, will hi" 10 <loIIble lilt
tlPICrrv 01 booi< _ n hb WlI'tt
. rId nnilllion limply I' mlOl\l", lIII
stll.. quo.
ToQUCiIJ.I"". !hi clp",,1 01 H",,·
n l', oilers In • .a mple 01 bolh !hi
~ .nd I PfO'lIising ooIuIiDn. In
201'I11S. its popuIatiofl hi S ~..tIr.d II>
m .cm .. mi<jrlnts from tI'll! ccumy·
aid. hi'" CCMM in ...,eh ",jobs.. Two
lliId. ot m..." IN, in m_ olioOf\' 1_
known.s ~Imn ml~ltl.
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_ . tOng I nd d""b'lg from priy.1I
vendoo's.. The watlll Is .~.., 1.W1SIh!.
"nd mlly PlI1 'til limo. II much per
g. b
"' reSHI_ who .,. .on-
neCted II> !he public ... tt , 5Y$Iem.
lick oIld.qu.t1 Wll.' 1M ..", , aliimuos !rOquenl iIn... . ... _
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bri.., 'H 'r.inv 1M 'gII of fivoo - I
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'''0011 dile ....
In l W1, lIII _
.n OIlio<ul
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191n<y. wido
,.6..
M8ti..
8V ... In. of OI/Ch S111109i.. lnchuling c"'"'"'"'nv porticipl~on.
c...... ~ .nd c()O\ "c........ - uni...,..I.«on lJ> cle,n
ond $In·
iIItioo1 cln IIo t<l»tood !Iv tho ,lid 01
lho cor.turv. Tho c.51 ot <Iriling web
,nd in:lllllin\l Pll"PI is nolong" lIfO'
hibiliv•. A ~ codo Q> ~ c.... $9.5OO 10
sink I h~,qlippod boroI>olo
in tho SLIlIa.. TOllIV, lI'Io1 c.51 is 00wn
w,t"
."""
S'" h is oq...... olMouo thll tho
aool ot uniYoml ICCO.. wit no! ""
I Chieved !Iv cu",nt OUlilVtlo.
O! tho ,Slimlll; SID..1ion
.1"'.'
spent by \I<MII""",nlS IIId I~ng
cotmII... on WIll' 'upptr. only I ",,",
tl IliIion is
sch.mo.
hoIllini
10 m l _
~.
111I on. in HoM",..
which ~_ • low·c.ot ,oroic.
~ ... d on hlndP'J"'P' '''lu;PPocI bot. -
hoi.. 1<Ill SUfll or Vlld Wl t.,·OIAnd_
piP" ooMnol primorilv!ho poor. Tho
_ sa I>iIion i, """"t.d 111 ItII·
tivolv high-cOS! $YSltIlIS- ....i l. rtroar·
mont
p1lnlS.
~
SlltioroI.
oum_
in<Iividt<ll houHltokl Will'
Ind lligh/r mocllJniltd , _......-
tomo -
"""'V IhI
t>olI,,·olI
In ....,.••
Most \IOYImmtms .ro
Ilso OlJtrsidizing th. opelllion " .11
IiYI progt_ usi"ll indll*"lonl
"",int.nl""O cosu by . , """h "'
UNJCEl' lUPPO't
~unc"'d
...as. c-...lllnkl..nd trlI< '110
jll'crvidl ",_lei in pQ<lf r.;ghbour·
hood.. WIIhin 1ivo yell" maf. Il'Ian
!>O,OOJ peeple in 26 b, ,,ios _re
gWing Ml8r from sal., 18li.bk1 and
pe<mlMIll SOlJf<I ', c~
........ 01
housl _ wo,l r .. pond..... from
only'' '.
CC\ ofinco",".
The .""",,, .... u11h. Mondu,••
1l1e '"",,"unil'\' _
board Ileol4O by..ell barrio. Bw rd.
.. cru~ ",*", t .., I.bo,,,. ""'"IQI .nd
........i11 th........ _ .... _
bih
o:trotegy ..
lJ> ....,• • nc!. uhim.tety. ' .POV tho
....."".rr1 ",. de try UNICEF .nd tho
Gowrrlllllfll. In • PI'''''' UNICEF p", ~
m..... f...... sIlowe<I willing.
PI\' Iof dl<.... Am-lion try
1Ikin11 OUI - ond '. PO~ _ 100.. lJ>
rII.. lJ>
buid u rVtor-,o ... itt.
<o,,"nun~j
""
ApprOlim. tetv 12 bi5ol' pecpli in
111, developing world " . tlldovdoro'ocI
ICC'" to • boto ........... of ..II
drinking ter. On preoetll po1IIm!l of
""""
I n lOlim' tocl 7Tl1 ....on
peo","'" rtiIl be wilhDur I II. _
by lho . IId ot tho CtnlU"I•• nd !hi
lIUIllbo, 01 po.pIe wilhout '<llqu.t.
IIn lIation ...,;n "'VI Inc" ... d to
I wroQnototv 1.9 biIion
Tho muugo 01 !ho 1..1 docld •
cOOJld no! bo <Iolfl( Tho VIII 2lDl
\101I1 ot mal<ing .. f, .....w .nd ,.m-.
lion, vllo"" Ill " tin "" ICliovocI IlIJl ""IV by IIstrl1Cturi'lg gOV«<M'll!nc
O'l>lnditu,., end OrneII\lUooII lid in
I...ur oIlow-com communitv-but<l
otrOlllgil$ lot !tit \'OOfISl CI
1M Iclr'mol <oa
~
IDol
01 polillcaI
...~
JOII\I.
at
pn>-
u... ~ up
ii_IOI!
...,
ioDrd
loI
...... lhtf'e
'_.IIol
_ 111.1120\
. . the
l"I"ftfa
~
iII __
btt'oo~riJ
bro........ ill bioi<
n;rrnain fr=u, in .... ~trnI
su ....... dot
-w.
.... ... lbt dr:,d ; ' •
hi oddIi..... - " ~ polir;y ......1Iltft,
IIltl lf ... *=r~ "" n..- wtictlt ...
........, 1IId ... <...."i11 < " .
tiaM. o.tr oblIa 2SS 01 .. lid. ..
tuIIIIIIr . ~ 10 .... 1tIl ........... ill
the -w ... ..., bo.... \II 75\ "'!he
worIlI'I poor."
AI. • Iimt.me. many h.t bop<tI thIIl
tlw md 01 th<: <Old ..... _ 14 .nfrwa
oub$WItial Iinmc:ial
_
~
lOr
of iht """" lmk:
probIontt '" w<>rid 1I'M"fY, tl... ifttemational dt-:dOpli....i l t/Jott IJ illlac:l!k'-
In.I: • ........., linanciaI ...... Tho:
............. dnnmd b' aid IIId - . -'
_
ill J::asIn1I F_
ODd Ibl' alii&!rift of Ihr lonntr ~ Uoioa,
I' Ed..ilh ump t<.dr:o&<d dl6ciIt
Irl -w
iudusa ' 5 d _
!rift - ' Ihr ,
oJ . - of pc:8DO'
........6.iIiat • ..tI1oit:Il . . .
.. SoMMa ............ V e i l ,iL
_1bIII1Ilt poortol.-rilsfll.""
.... ..., btialr do;poi .. oJ oI.oid. ......
... in'_lInts _ me _ _ II
bciov *;
dr:bI
1!lcT...,'"
_1O
. . lilt lusit _ _ . . . IbIII t.-
ul u... rol4 ..... ""'" About. m ...
Ulliltd !iIaIa f<mgn ......... is miJt.
IIrT lid .., IIlr heal yar ,9tt DD't
"'- 2S\ ... ~ aid io ...
-w lor [mit. l.-l a:04 ....
Sorritt ~ _
IId d......m ~
mer
....w _--'""
u...
I' ''''''. ......
wa hmrlIII __ 01 the Iizlrd
0/ ptq)Ic ia the ~ WUI'Id ...w.
tu ~. But 10 • Iar¥e ""lnIt. tile
..... ancI Wpo, iii todaY. aid pro-
n.iIItr: . ,
whidI
tu... ,' " !Ilidl ~ ckpcm.
To _ 1llio- - . . ......
""WO'"
tit ..' "
a. ' ,"• ...., JiDr
hcwIlIl.
tdIo<aIiaIl. ...
t o...."
~ io u... kiro4
01 aid whirh the IDllioritY at Jlf'<IlW ..
tho: ~ ..,nl wioJI '" aM.·
and 1M kind 01 aid wlIidI tilt majorily
...... l1li
~ b'1hr
Ii;.,..
aidpo....
aid is • .. oJ ... _
~.
~..
ti L""....., lOld b,. folIiIl«
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,,",bIcaw "
,.....
Lhl
(" ..<Iii.
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01 \lOlIIi<oI
ill
u...
The 21st century
0-- and ~ lht 1lI'\lblcrrlt of prior..
ky ancl l'O.'llCJllJ'C. iho ~ 01 brine·
b.ooio: bt'ndl lf; of """"""
lo .a C'CIIDIIIUI>iti .. "On/rolliN"" •
111 "" ki Al Ibmol01'"""" pnl<!r lDljlIIitmr. Tbtft a . ... IIld~...
ialf \he _
1«<1hoobudl~""""''''_
Itbit ,UikIlb ~ b< OWl . be••", .
w,...........""_
fII. "
, -"1
,.
....
If
ca,.
..
plICIelll:AIlot IIIiIIIlillI Ilor _
baslo:
pVOOIIl. _ . ." ' .
_ _ .....I!lio 'l'f'£ "'oWtAl· .....
- - . !be raM: 01 " 5 • • 1OCIo:J'.
01 ..... _ lO.oIl'!"IPb....,.
be' aIIonIcd CO'CII INa priorirJ lhaa •
the """"'- pa!It. lbio _ III ..", _al
~
llCIlonly ... ~ .......k. bul .....
r.... 1bt
achio::\'tmtllt of basic human kOIh Is
• profoundly mloIakta _ .
not only • humalliW\an Un~li>e. ~
i. olao """ j)j' iIll' _
~ I ond
1Cl:e!O"bk: llflIlo at Sln.'ll,flhti\inx 1bt
"""""""",,, """""" dlmoco." mil
........
01 ~ W llI'N ", oIlltAl.lhai
m: ............. It",.« u 1bt
.... · ' tk . . - oI llor ...... ...
aad the potft(ilrl fi
" _1*11 01
lhio ..,...n. n..,. ...," ' .. •
deaiI • ,.., 1, . . . . . . . . .abDw !hey IIIiabI ~ . . '- 6c>
Inl "". the _ _ 10 lIriotl _
01
1be _ _
...._ ...
At least 20 % of
international aid
should be nflocated
to meeting the
minimum human
needs of the poorest
_
people.
~oIpo
011 Illt -V. _...... _ Illt
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"
c_
1\ \1111 19!C1 World s...iI /II Cllil-
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"'" ell Ja
o in 1992.
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In
.
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llIbocllt'd III </IiIdrIn, Muico',
""" f .. l* cijld in IB3 .....
1II'rt\<' douIlII
1.' .
5-...oIlho
_II
Itw
-'d,1U dlI lItput>-
do.,
...,.
,......
......
"
""lOW.
Il -.
"""'"'--. ,., ,,"'_I
, '*....-
.........'._-.Nfl"' ....,..
....
.., ~ perl ;" ioI .........
....... if .,..,. _
_
IIliI-.PI
.... Iho_,
- NP
poriod " ' _
-. . . - _
io
_
ol NFA ' ,'
'
- ",
Nl'A _ _ ..., .....
... " - ..... "'IWl' ......
Ilfld IRidlI' pIi - 'i
", - .. ill
...
k.~
........
PI"
lIal '"'
,
E
. . ...., lhoI
' ~
.........
II
_ "C
2
The PPE spiral
Th<- ...... ofw
~
u.iaa . . lbr ......, 01
IIipobr
-td ..... ~dowlr~_
.... of b;MorJ _ . ~ 8II1be . . .
t"- w 0IlW . . ' - l!'* . . willi a
NIi6<' - - . .. ... II>"'"
_ ""* .. _
~",-"",.m,.,
........ ~ ...... _d>ol
orido t.dlr • oboe
IariJw 6ml it Iht lid -.I
__
• t.;
..,.- plilfttIo of W _
... ,..
<dd . . . . . ..... B I f t '
..-li ",
It.- .., .., ;. " " - IIislorr. it has
bon
ill wbidllJorno, _ _
_
"
•
__ '-p_1ioul"'tu,i
....
811• . . , .. I tl) 1Md\b;
J"__ W _,..... __ ..,.... ofllocoot
.-.W1la4 bonI
nlicIoIIlal •
.... <aOIIIl _
W
me.
....w ia
;. •
whidl. _
'
......
... -
&Ole/.nll...
ro&otw.ll diYrniton '" f,...".iaI, hllllWl,
au""'"
~
or human "".odt. l!l" chid """'"
q U<.1IC<: ol' 1M cold war hal 1>0."." 1""
and nawnll
I'I'lIllW'l'n III
~
putpI,lfC$,
W'JIII'IlI ""nllll -.d
...-....tiaIIy
Mt-.."",*,
~
............ ...... bn"I ...~ ODd
bnc ~ lP1I""D ill IICaIe aDd
.......'..... lhroucbouI
iho cold . .
~
Thr- .......... 01 tbi:5 .... . .... Ito. ....,tIl)' - . . by ilt '--rio!
tOIl: lbo -.boM
1981ls, lbc'
....... of... ,.
wMlr.riilIly.!/Ii
_~
lI' h ....l>.lII
...... -.
Am. 01 iho
~
.........
,..... ~.
d ......
W of .....
Yft ""'" dliIlICIliD:.-
lioI!
_ ...... iho~d<.-IO.....
hioMoy \lor ttlif ~ di
• of
1"-.""
PL.'
iIWl' hard and <k~" """ ..
.dob>l wmmullit'>lJo<ls (!11>1111'<' tlw
lilt,. .......... 1llOt\. _ of ~ lit"
....... ily ill W ~ ol' llr -W;
I AnlI: ol' ,",,"" iM~
if
pn:JrGI lmIIIa
will quodru• Ih.
ol' lhr poor .ilbioo •
. " . IiIkiWt
Illlbc _
40
-...lhrl . I,,' 01 ...5 ' •
A6ic:I ;. .......ltd II> _ _ 1n:lIlIr
hm _
" .., filllI ..... 10
"'*"-
ow. " .
....... lhD I.li .....~ o..r I h . _
poriooI. tho I :
will .....
& - . _ J ~ IDjIoII-.5
-
l
'
U A~"
' " .....
•
jo
_poIlo-
. i t ee~ llIliolas wtIidl
.-
:...d " ' - .....
01.....
..
_
10 tho ' " I k ,. ....
.tJidI ~ ... R *-in! iii Ilaor
fir ....... _ _• __ '" lht warW
thai. ..., . . , iii .... nPd ...- . i t
of ~
",,-"-, ... ......" ...., ponoplyof wha
millht ~.- ..... . <I.Old if lbae
......flft hod bct'II ~ 10 ......
and ..->mlo po OR.. ... CD jlO'OICt'fuI ....
phC ";. ill tk )'ftIlI lind. 'Jk
in<hnorioIUood ..... nil _ _
~
••o
~
..k atll
~.
_
"' k
01
.
;
lei
lt d
productiviIy
c:opocilJ. ~ "'"
.., frf!Ift dilItiIlllt C'05l
---- ~--
doboII~-.id br po ullltiilS
ranh art
wbooot' ""...
""'''''''''' an' bo'ing rapillly drll
'd.
and """,-. liwo .... bt<'cIminl! i:J<n,as.
.
jIl "
iliua, _
......,. fn>a1 lIMo
of toiIilary
ill n-.y pWl oIlho: wwkI.
willi 011 llw thh has meant lor 1M
l bu"" ul ho.unan ~ and the nl'glcn
01 whi<h dlc
.........,. . . . - - . . . . . II'IIy ~ 1M- III
b '
,&,....._
"ftIlIbIt _ _
IoIioot ~
Iw it it.. ofm... "'ubIH.. ......
"""" IIIoIwf'd III _
Ihrir P""'l'ftl.
mIlC'h ... ~ .... 1boll<.
Pio>blc".. _ ~
I Thr IbJolu~ P'I"'l'ItJ' of lIl'II"l"'ilIW<>lJ' """ Mil of lhr ......n.!., P"VJl.>lion. A m¥lriIy 01 111", , _ biIliun
""
-,..,-"..-....."..
_
...
...
-Rt- t , :
~ 2OWo '" 1b< worId'. pt'OjIlc• ...,
l.'II:I1'I'CIlI __ liblfo
lor thn,,,,,
~ of IllI! """"". <U1'JY
l(\DI""
u"". lWV
-_-----......
----
f;e. II ",,.' i
. . ,......
..-..-
... q _ ..... _
.
_
r
D Q _ oI
..
'
IlliRlJ of • - " - ..... .-I
901 fill ~.......... _ ,
Iha
1IwnRII1br nn/l'. ~ - M _
"'1liII-1~.~
lI_
btdla1brw .. t l _
~
dlll~"",
1
Itwhidl_~ol~"
, .-l iI . . . lhio _ _
_ _ .-fIII_toM _ _ dllCl
• •
•
•
•
1iooI, Iho bopr
-w ..
be lha lbralld ...
liIM lor 1M wwld 10
.... . . . UdC, ~ ill <;'IlD<'nJI
ond ~ 10 Iho ~ ollll'<'l'ilnli
CIlalllr wht broullhl on by I"'· "..p,a
Ilnd .....-wnWalion ol1llr$c prol)lffllI
duritIi !he Iofq;: ,...... 01 miUuuy md
-'
•
boo 'CO..... IluI • _ _ toridy
. . . . !'me
tha bioIotk ~
to.
•
•
II
id<~~lioa.
_,...... lil'o.t!o.
--
ProIoo.,d ... npd _obi;"'"
~ is!bo' dliW
of..
~
......... AllIlr
.._
_
. .' , _ _ ill
...... 1Ia,
"""""" .fIIIltllli ,f)
1IaIIh
ill.
1inIr:
biIb for I uriIIIk pnD1.
. . . . ..-I:IidII liot .... Iool._ IinIr:
- . . rno:ItclNdl
.-s.--
_ ......... ill "'""' . . """.......
ltIV-th ill ...,;d. E_ wbtlIlIirtll twli
C,"" ..... bcIia III ill. !be ptri<Id 01
npid ~ """ .. Wml !he oec
""""""' of ..".,.... Iha w bu!k
ol • nation'. ptOplc .." YOU"l[ Itld
IbouI 10 ('Il ~ IIl";r child-b<."';r.g
j-can. The ~h i~ an iIlooill population moIIIf1llom which n.,.". llIoIlho
IbooIutc oumbft"ol. . .""'lin_to
n,., ("l1:li after birth ~ laI !IlftllIr.
n..
k.y --..., ill
w
Icft.«th
01
birlh.., ........... hiP'"
mocle dndll'll.s ~ IaIIca. And Ur
.... _
. . ..... 1inIr: .....
,...., _
-------_.--_:.
dIriol< !his period io1hc pc , .
iC. fill
_<idle ............. ofpurt\'l'l)l . .
. p i.......
....
- -...,~- -
•
. ..
r
...
" " " - - " '. I •
.-It6..
, ". .
I
'
· Nv
II"I""Ik.
•........
no. ..,. ....,..
ol P"""'11 pro... tbr -....- lor lho- I'PE ........
AMlliot fin< fIII lbi' ...-Ill' ~
loll: ~ wbidl i1_ ""islba<
" ' - - pIM'I'ty ...d riIUIR . - of
THE PPE SPIRAL
............----_.
__ _--_
_._
-._._"--.. .. _.. _.._._...-
_... .._._
_--_._-----_._-------... _._-----------_
.. _._-- ...
._------. _--._._
- -.---._.
_
---._--_
.
_
---_
-_---._
----...-._._-_
..
..--. ._--_._-_.--._._-_._. _-_--... __ _-_._----...
... . .
.
..
...
...
...
...... _
.._._----_.
._"
__
....._-._._-._---_.._-I N ST A BI LI TY
TPlt_""._.__
........ '_._..... _..... _..........
h~_~"Pl'f""'l>
._
._._-
---
AIlitlId.,
tow. rd. !hi 1ittl1-1IiKrMl
. ... mLl<Pl-l;r>ored problem of
iodin. clffie'.r><y.ro p~ IlYough I
revolu1io<l in111. 19S0s.
TIl," .... " >go. " tho 1990 WaIlcl
Summit'Of ChillIrtll, tI>t .... rIer. poIiIiell Ie,d,,, promised I now .Hon to
ond iod.... ~ ","",dOl' bytIHI
Ind .f I!It CfIl!lIIV. AI. WI limo. tI>t
!rUe I ClloI rld ...... ,q. o/!he prcb:t/II
WI' i<at blQiMirlg I. 0...",. lnown
outsidt 0'IQ<!j••1,,.j oeitll\llic; eirelt•.
But since tnen, 111. II\IIP 01 !he lIIob·
~ l' tlOHn .....,"'''''' by I m ies .,
new ou........ IIIlt by l avon. l . "
UIIIle"II!\l1J11o aI!tIe d.mt~ thlt Cln
be dCIIII by IYIn mikllfttlo 01 io<tint
do!>c:itney.
Hi. IlOW '~ltd dll' Marly 1.6
peoplt in
lla n.lions ..,
"' risk .n<j "'or . ome 300 million .. Nor
from Iowa/tel mIl!lllIl .bUry. Some 5l:i6
....,., - ,hou!l(l% 01 worIIl populo ,
lion lId more 11II11 doubl. 11M pc....
0115 estim.o,. - tuff" from goitre, Il1t
tll·tl i. swolN"'l or !hI thyroid glOM
""*,
_
l I the U""'l
B,c, ,,," 1htir IIIOIhefI r.cl: iodUw.
., 'u st :Jl,OOl b. bit> . .. C!RIbom
""""1\'111•• ncl ......' 1211.lXiO "" born
cretins - menlilly"lJlde. p~ clllv
_ . lIelf... ute or F'frolyu d.
M........,. h• .-.ms II "'$l ID poinllI
below lhU ~fllilL Evtn wIIl n born
1IOl'rIW, j'OIJI1g cl'Wklrt. wt>on dim
fa low in iodinI "" hold bock by
Iel!ucld imt4i\ltll<l,lnd
out ttl...
livlI. npp.d in _ , d_
. nd
w.
Ij>I!tly. '" 1M w.y 111I lick of ""'"'"
locks enIft .lImmunili. . ntc PlJYtifY
.nd undetd""tIoP"'f"\, /t$$ .bIt te
IN... in lIlatr chiklhood, I... .bIt III
11m in thlir ,d~.
Ttot solution - iodiZing In $IIh .....
p"" - is ",rativei'; ~I Ind <oSlo
ant;
l iIoIII. 5 o-..lS pol "",,,00 Pili
\'III. WIIIIi. I \'III gf iocrl1tll "~
tIIco""" l!Io notm, flO
<rotino
Irt bor. loci g.... ~ 10 sIlrifIll.
Chikl'ln dl'lelop 1I18111Y Ind perform
"1<,,,
bemlrll«""","
liver l!Io PI S1 two ... IIIr.. I"I"r••
mlny coonrift" heVI Ilunched Iol"~-
jng p'OII".......... r~lIed M
1<isIinll ellorts. Ind a worldwide ~
of ioclizing I . uhupplieo by l!Io end
at 19!1S IIIs now bell1l CceplM by !he
iudo<s of IIIIIoSl I. d_ping
notions. Blf'I9Ildn!l. DinI,IeOI and
Tlfllirlil - wiIh .1I1ly hett 01 l!Io
worlcr. poopl, II ""~ _ III I kli lly
wd 0" tt.. WlYlOIOIChing tIIIl QIlIl
lodiliI\g SI~ is COlllplrnvttv
WI;g_lnl _
t el . til dooo
,,",anon. I" Syril , 10<
instinct, 1hI MriWy 01 Ind<mry IS
lila solo u h produCII """ ~, just
....."d iodi.li"ll lho IIOUori. Slh. In
in I singla
B~U11 1\ .
1I~ is ~ 01'1I" I
from IfldiI, ln iodizing
pll n! instohcl ll rho border I dec....
I QD h Oi brought child ggm, rltC.
<!own IfoII'ISO'i .. 25'4.
W!>In uJl is ~uced by sml"
'"
~,orosling
ec ,le 1r'llapi"tnlUI1 - ""'" ll1,lDl of
~ in lnd>o .lone - 1M process is
morl c _.... Sih prodIJollS mUll
III molivllld 10 Iodin llIoir prtlduet
Ind plc~ ~ .. rotIIin iocIine;
whiIo ltII publk IIllISt be odUCI~ on
thl Donofils of ~ sligll1ly IIlOfI for
""n-
UI.... aIt.
BoI;";..acklod thiI problem by III·
,r_,
ting up I Pfl'I11' COlnlll~ to populo,.
iM iocIilIII lIh. ~ tho demlnd
35 lIh componies lOOt up io<Iizing,
with _nmont hlllp to kHp lho
pricl down. BoIMan polio, spell'
check the Slh"alerline C(lnllrll II t
I. ....s lho SI ~· prod ucng .,.011. ,"ow,
!mIO of !III popuIoJi(ln 1m
1 00... 10 iodi,ed sa1I, .nd Iho go...
roll hes dfOllpod to Ilhird ofits oriti",IIIY,I of M.
In If>dio, radio, 1Il0visi0n I nd
flIWSIHIPl II 1 10 being lJ$orI ..........
!lsi thl mlrils at iodi.lld SIll. In
Blngll<losll. the GaooI1Ulll'lll is 1'JIl'
plying specially dl aillnod iocj;,ing
mechinll 100 paoklging oquipmel1\,
kn of <hllgl . 10 all 16!i of ltII C""n'
1r(1 .....·crusrknll fl Olllries. _0li0I1
;WI Do comploU!d byI I ",' \994. 0
0\111
II I....-It 01ronfuJ.nN and lwpc in lIN'
fulUl", which io lhe JlR"lI ''D<'ffiy tJllik
~ in ~<'n<'l"al and family plan-
ninJl in 1l'U1ku1ar.'"
In add ..... to tl,..... ~ 1ll1......
llO"..nul if u"'luaruiliabk.- f..,.,... haw
always tl"<l<kd to Un" I"""'rty '<lith
larRp lamili<.i< b"baviour patlmv.<
which W('fl.' 00<'\' ""....,;ary lor lrol""
r;oo Dr ... rviv>l ",nd to ~
<1ltn......·!I<'d in "'~U"'" aIld 'r>dltioll.
lhal II? oftPn slow to <iwIle<' ..;(h
c~ cimunmnc". And ill "'"'J
pOOr ~ <:Itildrtd lIla}' be one 01
lilt ltw !lOll""" of joy aIld pride, of
c~ and """,,, ill U- (hat "'" oft...
JTlO'IOlOllQWl, hard. and
n~
In ""m.,......ny;" th...,oiled "Il"inl:
,hal p<I'l¥m popu\alion growth.
l'l'rpclUaling povert y
lI"t if P<J"t1'lY ~ l!><' impMu. \fI
rap;d pop.d.tloo Wl>WIh, thrn pop.JIa.
lion growth, in iu lurn, pnMdn. _
impel,," 1o po'o'l'I'ty. nu. io II><' fiM of
lIN' nujur "l'fI<--rg;sms withinthe
..-an:! "IliraI of 1'1'1: problm,..
In l!><' pasI. high binh nil,.. h....
o~Pn !I""" band in hand with hW>
d,,..,,.
riles of l.'VIIUtllic 1tfIlW\l1, and Iaf'l"
lamili<-< haw bHn ~ by II'ad,.... and l!<M.'nUIIC.1l1O os • n""",. of
lIIn'llglbming nation" mmwily and
""",,omically, providilUl the 51. ", wilh
larJ/<.'r nl1Jtlbcn< of w"""-",,,, <_
"""""" ~ and ...~ BU! in
" lOOt paJU of lIN' lk"o'cloping work!
today. the cin'UltlSl3no...,., "'" _h ,hat
hi):h ra1l'S of IlOI'Jl3lioo growth . Il:
""""Ill<: 10 prrJlttUOl~ pnvnty ill a nu....
1>:r t>I' ubviou>t "'"Y"
IJ lly causinu; Ilw bbour Ii.>n~ 10 grow
""'"' quick/y t/laq l'ltlployrTll",1 nppnr.
lunitlN. lhrn-by <T<'3Iing b.rgr nu....
"""' t>I' unemployed and under·
pmploy"" Pf<'lIk' and dl'"",,"1ll/ !he
W3£0." uftlw«: who do lind work ;
11 fly pbcin~ lnm:-asifIR Sln"lS on lhe
""""""'-.. by wt..,h !he poor make
Ih<.'ir liYing and """1 Ih<.>ir .-do in
rur.aI .....u- soik and ..,;1flirtiti,y. Mol
... pplil.. anrl animal Iodd<..... ~
land and .... 1.... _"'-i<
I I My =sing inherited lIllWIhoIdinp
10 be divide<1 and .. ~ 01ll0Iijl
\atJl;e "umhen of <hildn'll. ~ wilh
gr.- inequalilio.. . in land owll<'tNlip.
th;, "ocan-o 1Iw many millions of run!
""""'" tin<l lbo>,.,..,M-s land.... or
__.lllnd~ and "'" lh<'I'cl>y unabJ.
to meet lb,'" ~ lor fond and furl,
""'"' and ;nC'Oml';
o Ily ,,-.:!ucing ,he ornounl nf lime.
C2n.', and
available for <'arb
",,,.
,,'SOU""'"
f I Hy """ucin,cr !he limo
WoJilab'" 10
the mother for earning i",,'ome. or for
0100 cconornic:ally prodllctiYe work;
n1islfIR llw toSllO _ ....."""'to
of ~ ldl'QU3lc heallh m d ""..
calion "'-......... for !he ri<inl: ICI"".....
tion. and by t>Y\.nln1Ching .mooI..
dinn and ....1<1' and sanilatino ll)'5'''"'''" AD of lhi< 1>o'lpo 10maUltml high
\ 1 Ily
l<vcls of malnulrilion. ~. and
iDil<-rXy. which in tum help to kcq>
communiri<.'< in """,'My;
( I fly nnJ';f1l/ overcrowdilUl and 0
10,,,·.. qua!ityoflik in .tun",md ,;hanty
(owns. wilb all the Iltt:f\dinl evils of
di,.,...,. hopc~ "'"" 01 ",,1~
n""ll"'"\. bnlak<k>wn of family ti<....
~ of family ... ppon. alrollol
and drug abuse, inrnoaoilUl violtntt,
and !he oh'u"""""",u of ......."'" and
dlild,,'1I.
In U- ""J'". pop-Jlalion R1O"1h
",n<b 10 ,,'intorw
p.>Y<'fty,
and JlOYI'<\Y
Icnd. lO rtinlorte popu!lllio:o ~h,
formin,ll • cin1Jil lhrourh which lhr
''llm1l1 of p<JYnIy'o perpptlWion Ilows.
Environmental stress
lnm'asing eovimnmtntal JV1-Wl""
an.: now ~ !he prwnrtiono 01.
major crioi. ill !he INca ofbund....... of
million. of P'QIlle in the "'-"'eloping
wurld. s...,,,,ra1 ~t wdit.. ha....
,~ th;o n"latinnllhip bo1_
I"""'"Y and ",,'lirurunenl>.1 ~'. ..
and iI i...... ly ~ 11<...... 10 _
tM mulua1ly reinforcing ""'u,,, of lhal
rcl<uionllhip and ilS rok- in tbe I'PE
-
Again.... bacl<w'o<tnd of """''"Y,
I';Illidly .lI:l'OI"iIUl nnmbml 01 P"OPIc ~'"
tindinlr lh"",""""" wilhoul ff>OUJl:h
land 10 m<'eI lIN'i.. ....'<'<b and wiIhoul
m y .. bsianlial ho\le of a11<.'1'llllllw
,1ltploymen1. In atn-t aU rc,:;on. 01
Lack of coniidence
and hope ill the
[uture is the great
enemy of life
pla nl/ing i ll general
- and fam ily
planning ill
particular,
the dtwlal'itlg wurId, thi:s fun<laiMnLal
l>n>bkm of landla......... and U"'-'min 1M)«! part <1Iu.ro "'"'
P<'I1l'-iUllM by Ia"k of ~mellt in
small farms and by IN. """"",1t:iIi<>n of
prod~ IarJd. io lhe hand. of a .mall
nllmbrr of .....'IIlthy famili.. or ~
pk>yI,,,,,,, ..
-
During the IirsI Olllll<'S of rapid popIllalion inm:a.... in ludloy'. loduolfW.
I..." nation.. rioillJt' numbrn< 01 poor
Il'-'OP"' 31..,
....rr_ f""" d~ In
Ihr rouoll'}'skl,' and de&lwOOn in
",ban 51"rna. lJul am:HI,I( many OOlf1"
adYan\lllft.. .. ,'''''' had .... iIable10 1h<."1lI
lhe tr-Inm to indoSlrializ<o" 10 L'XjXlJ1.
and to millnre, and '"1:11: L'Vll1tually
abl~
10 . boorb or d~ ~
number< of ~ who could no
Ionl:l:r be i'IlWUII<." by il,Il"Iicultu",
""""'. II Is 01the ~atesl ~
thai lhi. <'1,."biruotion 01 .. Ivan~ ..
bas 1lCM, in ll"1ll"ra1. bern aVotilab'" tf)
,he mojoriIy 01 do"vrlopina: rountrioos
duriolllMir ~ of IlimIIarly rapid
pup.tlalion 1l"I"DI'1h.
The developing
In Ibosc
~Jopini
rou,,!rico 1/131
countries tha t ha ve
ha", guno' lhnJtlllh an ~huml "-.....
Ollltion, many million. 01 ~ h"",
oem lJ-'Y and substantial pins In
lho..'ir ir>ron... and SW>dud of living
succeeded have been
....... Ib" past Ib...... ~ In 1"'"
those tha t have
tackled the task of
la nd reform and
invested ill the
health , nutrition,
and educa tion of
their people,
main, IlKoot ~.. haw: -..
~ who """"-'<I <"IIOUKh of 1M !'WIl
land in lho.' riAAl pl>o:~ and who !lad
~ 10 the "'-"",.,....,. inpu," and
modil f.:.:ilitil..... Bul in lilt a!>so:nn' of
land ",form, a;:rk"ll ilural """'Iuliom;
l<'Ild In """,11 in fallillJt' e~t
pt1"
hl."CI3rt as land o'm"r'l,lliJl
bKurlk., ~ UlII.'QU3!. fanm boicomr
tarvr, and Iarg............ IIl<'<hanUation
h(:<omu ~b~,
Allbfo _
tilllf", poltlUIation lIffiWI/l
""""'" thai the ""I1WnillJl: .....nhoIdmIlS "'" diYidodUI' among \atit-... _
b<mo of clliIr!n.'D, L'Vl'DtuafIy bo<:omi'UI
loosmal1..,d l<lD ~t.d
a llmily·.. "",-'11,,-
",..,.wn
The " .....11 of bnlh <>f u..",., /un"... i.
th., many lCni <If miIliwl. 01t<maIIhoJd.
...,., reDaD1 !armors, and II,I(ricuIlural
labourml have bind lherns<t-;"" witJI..
DIll so.dl"icienl land or l'Ufflcienl worIt.
from fndio 10 Ilraril. ul\COUn'f'<\ num1M.." , ut Nral Iamilll's ....... bec<>rnf,
Iand~.,.. ur ....., bI!o:n
tnl"Df<l away fmnllh/> r, eld~ Ihal 1!M'
<>net helll"'l! 10till ond Iwvtosl.
Wilh sa"", ""'~ the I(I"tIwth
of ~~u",1 ond Indu&rial em,,:vy-
clkct;""ly
"""111 has usually not b(..,., .... >id
L'DOIlj/h to absoJrb 1m. !IU."lu", In part,
ill.. is tJ1I, """,,II vi inlernal mi>!l.al«:o:
iII1odltt--d invcshl ......"" <rilopli"~ 1aXa·
tion and """hartgo.-r.>le politi,:o: 1&rRe<:omIpWn; ~ 1 SlaIC
<'ODtn>! of large al/rkul'ural ....."....
prioM; b<k ofland reform: and lhe mi.~
"'U'
tak<'D
~pha:sis
011 <-apitaHn1"""""
rather than labou.r"'lCnsiYC invnl·
"",nt !JOIicio....
Th_ dev1.'lopilll: rounuit:s and
rrgion ~ thai ha...., "",,,,-,,'<kod in absorb~ R","'ifl8 lIumhe.... of Il'-"-'Pk' inti>
prodocti.,· employ"""" hn'f' beto. by
and~, thooMo lha, haY<) l...·klOO the
diffinJl, l.oJ< <If land rclom1 and
~o:d In lhr hl'aIth. nulril io". and
Loduo."aIioo nf lh<:'ir~. It like Tai·
wan and lho: Il<1>ubli< of Kore:l, 1I,,'Y
haY!' >Iso L-'lI<Urt'd r'I'3SOn.:dI:... iocfon.
1;.,.... l~ lam,,-'I'lI, and mad<: ;r.'ailabl<
rural m:dit . 1m" input.. and inlnoSInK1u"', Ih,m bolh ent(llo}rlncm 11111
prodoctiYiry po: hn-1an.' ha... increasf'<\ nn rnaIII' ~d s of smol1
and "",.jjum-si1e !arum. Ilisin ~ pmlIJ><rity in rural ........ haf helped, in '''''',
w pr<>Yidt markelS fer, and job!; In, •
,I[JOWioJ! ioduSlrial....,.or.
llul in lite I1I3I\Y tlL.....:I~piJlll" ronD'llat haw faik'<l to 1n0000lnte ......h
me.
,,1onns and make ro<-ti inVl'Sl llltllL,
1he fr<:cdtom 10 In~ hu 31..,
beet1 rim>m"..ribc.'d by 10m-.< ........
lII'hich lh!>y haw- ~t1'" <'tIntrol. l>ot""tial
mafk'1S an' <k>minatod by lhe aItndy
induwializL-d
I11d Oll,mpt..
1Wio"..
to
npor1
mannl...1l11\'<1 JIOflds have
ufk" bc."I."f1 im.,..w.l by lfallc and lariIf
~ tho< "-'"Ui<I the 1ll'O'"1h of
tn'lllol."...,1 and <ml tho, tlL""lopifll1
wurId owro>dma1<>!y tw\ce "" InuclI
. .....'1'}' year in Iosl eaminl/s as \1
l"In'ivn. in aid.'"
Nor has t......dom of <~l<TIIa1 ~
tina """" • si)/nifi<anl opbon. 1:JoJnes.
lie or fon,ign l<1l:isIo1ion has pt.Tmitied
ooly I ""'1)' lII1IalJ prlJp(Klioo <If the
dL"",k>pin~ Yl'\lrld's pe<>p\I< "' 1r.I"'~
<>W:I'SeaS In "'-de "'..... D\lIlDr1UJ1i"'" by
~, , , - who hoJv<' boo:'n
alkrwod 10 'niRral~ ""VI'!Hom ,1M> bf1.
ler...tl and m. bMw ~ f3lMr
llwlll\<> landk.>s<l and ass<\,bo poor.
lmrinll ~:u,-op... ~ p<'riod or rapid I'O\>J'
Ialion I/fOWIh.1llffl' W(ff many lent d
million. of po."U\lIe who found ,hem...lwlI in a oimilar p<l!IiIi<In ,ho' luI<!-
and
or
'0
10.. .. and job1o.. .. poor Ilk· ",....,Lapin,,;
world lnday. bu, who ......... abk: to migrnto.·l" II<'W oppurl"niIi<.. in All'llralia.
Af"""
Canada, New Zealand. Sooth
and Ilk· Un~t'd Slal,'" ~ FIt'lWt'rn the
""d of m. NlpOk'a"io: warlI and ,Iw
bt"llill/linj! dIM ~-lnl World War. fur
= , * . :!O million poooplt- tlniJnlro
Iron, tilt' Unil<'d KiIIl(dom oIIlIIe. ~
The ...... ",,!>t'$;' fr=IonlS. """'"
bir.rd wilh a lacl< <If larod ,dorm and a
lack of in_ml1n il, lobotlr-inlMloM>
11I"OtlUt.1ivily <In snwl Iann.. 1w ".:an'
,hal. ~If: landk!« and lhr joblo:>< <If tlk·
d<-....-lopin~ world h..., l<'Ilded '0
n~<" inlHnalJy to """ of lwo d<'ol~
twiol,'"
<i'' ' ' lltt")' haY\' moved O'l'O
n-,b'ioocly..,..,.....ly Jl'lIIII1aI<"d and JI<f"'i.
otJ;Iy k,.. vah...-<l Iaod. - tNpio:aI
rnre!b. uocultivat<"d hillllirles. k.>s<I r.,--.
,rk' bod.. and lilt' fru:iIt- llW'Irin" of
.......,. ~ <lr lh<'l' llavt' rnil(J"aI,'I! 1<1 lh<.
infolfual sn:tor of uw
and ,itin,
finding hon_ in tl.... olorn. and
'Shanl;"" ''re<"Ied on
"",.m,;.
,,)'.in.
land.,ha,
unwan,,'<1 and unoaJuto<L
111<' .rr.-n .,f ,hi. mil/Blion. ""',.
IUne. '" dial p<M"n)' """ 1>foro.<nr """"
31Id ""'"-'
in tnatl1iMl
owi<uhuralland. and in orban ,"um..
lVo'" dOlft......1 deslinal;"•• of whkh ,ho:
romrnoo dWll<1rriolio: i. ,hallh<'l' are
boIh... virnrnllO'fllafly '"Ulo<"nbk.
The int"\litabk' ron"'-'<I"'-'fIn'. lor
lIWIy milrlons of Jl"O)lIfo. has '-" lhaJ.
""",""y and hard<hip lui"" to'nd«l to
larly
""""""',f3lro
in<~ ...
pn""';',,.. ".............
:u th<'
ba:«' 01 ,II< poor h:lll Ix"", sll."llClily
"'wad<'<I. t.and &Ut"d by bum;rq;:
losH oW>iliI.y and krtilill'
"'wilhin
mill!a ..,.,. k.w
yt-.n<: !'tWI> hiUoid<..
quicltly bo,,,,,,,,,,...-oo«l withou' in".....•
.....rrno i. """ ,"OO""rv,"ioo: rnaflIinaI
-.:ri<'ui'ur.ll IM<hI J[rlldually 1><""",,'
in~..,t'" ..·1..., 'OOso- ..'It<> !ann lilt""
<'On aflord n..ilMr f<'1tiIiz<1" nor fallow
l>l'rit>r1:<: d<"om ""'Xi,," """" OC"VfI'"
indilllin ~,"ishabk' rrom dt10trts ... tIm
,h<'y are !Ubjt<.'l<"d '" ..............tting of
..00<1 anri ~ng 1Iy ..irnal..
M.M...hillo. lhfo miI!ic",,, ... ho "",""
found tI'Ietn!l<"h'et iu orban slums .....
c~"<l '0 lbo, c'tlVironmcnla! 1I"b-
Iffil "d 0<'Hl:'I'l>\<'dtd lIIld u~ im<an.
ilary
....ndiliu.'"
and
10
an
lh<'
l'flvirorllllf'flw dangon of li';ng ""
bnd !lw 1lObu<!y dll<- """''' _ land far
away rrom ....-vi<w or .,.,,~loynlt"l
OIlPOf1I.II1ilieo. bod clo&. 10 raiJooa.y
IinM and airporU.. ~d ....,.. poUuting
ind,,<Iri<.. or loul-""... ~ llbuxh1c'r·
hou..... lond on 1iI'''1' hilbid<.... iu danI!"'" rrom ~ and nlud ll!id....
land ""'" to ~ Pfbaic dumps.
f<"lid raual", or ..... ,~ ~
nu.
1WI"rn
ha~
Ix""" ,,-pcalro.
with mauy variation.. iu allOO!<1 aU
~. of 1M dorvriuping wurId. jn
UtilI Aml'rb. lht- II"blo-m has b<ot1l
CXJt~,-twI;lby
nln11l<: int'llualil..... of
land """,""",ip. In mauy pub< 01~
,ho dim""ltic-o on> <:orUllOUnd<."<l by
ilOflIt· of lhe h~ populatioo lkn,.j.
,;"" inln<" ~ng world. I" A1ri<:a.
wilh,llt'fl<'l;llly bl< inequalil)' and r.-wnp<."O\lk' pt,. ~ . !he rictIt-sl land.
"'" OOMI <lom1nalMi lIy '""I"'" agr;c,,1l ~. while lh< lanlk of .... p<IOT rru,in<•
ill' an· usually <If ~r qualil)',l'l"Cfiwlea in",,,,,,,,,,,,.. ond on>""'"' ~
bk· 10drough, and dt -rtili,:ati"n.
111<" ronunon
h 0Im.... diw1'llf,
pall,,,,,,, hat bet'fl tht' drawinll of thtp""""" in... a <.'y<"1fo by wbich p<M"n)'
b'l't'lllml'NiflJ! numlx'rll 01 po.'tl\llc inlO
"f1vironmer"~11y vul...,...bIo, _
IlIld
lhe ........Iling C'flvironm<111al SIn....
bocomM. yrl an<lIhI1' <-.U~ 01 lhtil
""minU<.'<I p<IV\11)'-a ll)"IICflIism trhich
" I6thoy 1><'O>Illing one oi ,II<" . - villibllo 0"lM"'l" of lhc PPE rrisis. It ill no
c'llin.:idt'f'lCt'. I<>r ,,,,,,,nple. lhal lhfo
1"'0...... """ quar1.... 01 ....l>-.'iahann
AI"""·,, """"bOOn it r<lIlf<"lIlf3l«1 on
lhoor' an....' ..ilit"h havo.' 1><1'" rier.,...
,_'<I. nr",,-1']It'Ul"d. (If'fanned ID W3Y!l
'ha"b<""';!s muM DOl ";lhllUlnd. ~
The stress on women
Ily
rn-
....
~
><>iht. "'" ","lug
mxIed. hilMd<... ri'lIUCl<d , and 'M:U,
""""" wasI1<'<I
alotl~ 1he It-nglh of
lh<o HimaIIlyan fouIhilt'i. "" ,lit' """"'"'
.""y
Poverty hns become
concentrated ill
enuironmentailv
vutnerabte areas margillal
agricult ure! lands
and urban slums.
,1\ /hen
e~te~lh
..n born in
,mid Wllr, l\...,.j oDd
II"", """" forego ,n,lysIs ,onsid·
Irtd it to b•• "bunt c,,,' nllion
wil!Ililllt I>opo
Mo,..... lila,
or d•• ~ ~ _lid dIS""',
Too,.,., B.nol'dUh is _ I..ttl. be
VV 1911
.'"1I'j
tiltd •• In eumplt 01 • ""'Y _
country 11101 ;. mooing st..dy 1Il0-
orlY in!ht Ilel 01 g't'l difficuttifl.
LocJled in "'" oIlttt worId"s mort
diA'lef'lI'onl IIIM.I tnVitonml"',
B.ngllde'" ulNbiIs mlny 01 ~
wom symptoms 01 powny. for .... ry
UBI
born, 127 dill bofo<,
cOIllJofll'll'2flmme is nowlully Ol'!tI,
IioNt trKIlIIlllllgIII" .. peetld to be
mill by "rty \!S4,
GtlVtf'fWIltnl llultll MfYicH h.ve
,..ched into IImoSl ....,.,. ..... go oft"" by r......... on O<dinl"" PlOp;.
who oIh< tllo~ hom.. II ~ 0lIlflloh ,it... This .._
now prl>moll' bHic MIItII ml rwn!ioM , . oh
., 01'11 rllTydrllian 1I1e<.P'f "" iii,,·
""'"I ""d oiIAn'in A,,"pp~nu to
'Omblt_1SS.
r.cludin<l m.yo,,·olcl. ""'" urn pen-
B . ng~dHh hn .Ise surprised
many ObMrvtr1 by the pr"",_ ~ he,
l1li0. in Ilmily oflMing. Tho oarml·
tlpWe prtIValorlc:l lit. lin risln
from J% in \910 to :Jl'4 in 1991, ....
1111 ,aLIIIV'(' uoI hrrtiliry "1. 1>0.
fllen from.1tno$l1 DittII PII' womln
IO U.in OI'llytwod.. ldt..
I. Iddilion to goyt<mIfnl .Woru,
B.ngl.d.sh is lise """'" to ..... "11
thou.."" non·gowtMlllltll orglni>• •
tion:I - """" aI wlIioh I\J• • bite"","
nits I dI~ brl.UIg bricks in!he......
YI' 1his grin! porn~ .. ~
tleini redrawn. P., Clpitl inc...,..
inIor",DorIoJIy r...-d lor _
IpprlII<lIes .tlrl 1111 Ill. ""prot••
d.nred , .. II end .rnbitior> 01 It>oir
.twd,..
thtir fifth binlld,.,.. lwo tIlilds 01
""""'·IivlI.
oro
Slrik..
~
mlllnouisl>e<l. Dis-
U H
freq..mtv. D;..bility
111., .111 ~ l ll. min hl~ of
BongII<Mshi chiklrln complm .....
fin
of 1lfim''V school. And
Illhoogh chikl liboor iI oW.wed, I
VI'"
'l"llttl' 01011 chidrtnW(IJt for .
111.1 Q10Ml by ..... st
~
2'Jl, • Y'tor _
tho tlrt lIIeldl. Olmocllti<: insIiIulions Ire " udily being ltrongd\et'lt<l
The nllion', fuwth frvI.ye,r develop....t plln Incorporate. moS! oIlttt
gatll .dopI.d tl !hi World Summil
for Child,"" Ana in IS. e ..glldosh
He'nII "'" of lhe fim !Illlo"l to
IIlI c.......,llon on ltIt /lights ot
,.lify
lhe Chikl.
Proll(n. hi. IolIQWtd promiats,
M or 20 YO'''' of hlrd WO<l.; lIO'li 01
"".1 fflidtms VI !IlIW wilhin 150
molJlS of I JOII,el ol •• 1. drinUIQ
wll" - I flit unmltclltd lr; miRy
nchl, 1IIIio... elsie MIItII . ore is
elso being strMgll1ft11e1l. In H1B5 loil$
1Il1" Zll. of BI~ld ..hi ohllcl,,,,, __
lmrnunil*l! "'jl"" ",",101 - one 01
the lowest reIn in the workI. Six
VUIlIotor. Ill. _nion hod riso. to
0';11 ~ .
In 1989. r.I!izinoj I!IIl iodirlo del>
O;III<Y
11001 ....". wide • pr" d, B'''lII.desh "'o"ed 1Il0l I I
ed;bIlr ult bltlodlzld. A ".liatIIlIDD
"lOrd""
OPlr.liono.
Tho Gr.m". IIlok beg,. ", 1976
.. ". oxporirntnIwiIIll ,"~c"lcI el ­
1Il111 poor people ",pp6ecI with """",.
ing OlpiAI <auld g...rote pradu<Wo
...·. rnplayrntm
witIlol l """,,,1
..siSl...., N.... ~ is Ill. country·o
10ul1h ~rg'51 Ill... maki'lll :!mIA
loan,to_1111. 1...", _ wore
prrtiaully colllido,.d 'unbonbblo'.
lMrr 8(I'Jj; of clionu III wom.n, Ind
t!lo repo.,.....nl """ .. Sll'Jlo.
Tho B.ngl....." Hur. 1 A""""",,"
mom CanunitI:o. (BRAe) h•• w""'"
m. onl 01 tho warlerl IlIg.... non·
~I
org.nizllion.. lIk.
G<Jmeen WIIUWlg ifI1em.tionll ec<:Ibn. Emp/I.siMg,",,·roioocl. BRAt
orglnUn l!>auHndo 01 1111 poorest
into <lmIIunI!y ""l"rilllion,
.... lI.Wl1I same 15.lm ';"ge·blsod.
non.fan...1
Same 10"4 01 ..
450IOl !ludlllt! III girls. BRAC tI,••
""" 1Ilin! 01 its Ole""" Jrom ........
_
in <",,",*c;ol prajoeto 11'<1 inhouseInltt)lriUs. 0
,iliIon.
'0""".
of !he AlIda in !he ""vironmenLal di~
"'er arf:a!I <>f Haiti and lhl: Dnminbn
Rt'lJUbl;':.lhrou;:hOllt tile l.YD1ral hiJ;:tJ.
b,nd. of C,,.' '''] ~ and in !he
kiJ;:hland, of Elhiopia ~ mer half
of aD OJ(ricul\ur2lla1>d is DOW si,.ur~
<"I'I.O<I<:d. ~ In lOU!. the World
Food COIIllcil has HlimalO<lllw ~
an' II\lW p<'fhap8 half. b\Uion peopIc
who
lMng and farrnin2 (>II ki/Ll;dH
canlly
=
lha1
=
1lltbj<a 10 """"'-'" ..".;0" 01
....a rly 17 million
.oos." E¥n)' ~.,.,
mot\:
M'<1an.... of tropi<aI 1'0",""
=
d~: evt'I')"~ ..... ~.ly6
milli on h<:<Url'S of lily land, IUm into
~ nery )"'U. IJill;om of Wo. of
$Uil ""' ~ or blow!l lIWJl' from
land" 0<1 "hich
incnt!<ing nmnbc...... of
ll'-'<JPlr who baYo
lKIWMft tl.. l<I go
grow their Ii>od and .,..., lbdr
Ihing.Q
ntllSl
In the <i ~ <-nvirvnIUl.'llLal ~
"also rakinJ:: lis lnll on !he poor.
.... In lIlkIilion !O rho: ~ or
~M1lse born or IMruowd inJI: and tb<
bility
Iadc or .-IC nler and .... iwion. !he
poor an- ino.'R:asillj(l~ ""~ 10 """
d~'f\I - from m. 1I1lopa1
cl><mi<oal ,,"<Ik in IndilllO the expIooioa
rwural
the Cubauoo I:llS pipeU~ in lmril.
And ~ is~ nocoind<k'IK"C lIw thcac'
dilluU...,. rlaoim '"""' oI lheir victims
of
amollll !he shanly OOI1ll11UOiOOs !hal
II.M I(RlW1l up lU'OIlud such ladlilies
berau"" Ihm: io"""""- me 10co.
In aInto$l aD <'as<-.... lhio opinoI 01
llU'o'l."y and mvironmtntal Slrl"JS
bnn down with particu.... weiRhr (>II
11K' IcmaIo memben of poor commu";'
tiel!;: lhoy arc lhc OIICS lAW It>.VI' In
wn<t< """" ha.nltr 10 Il1<'t'1 the mW.
,nu.m ~, 01 1Mtr families when
woud ku" futl muSl ~ ~hfd rrom
,,'.....- l(f<'ater diolan<"es. wb<n wain
..ppllo-', arc unrcliaJ>k, and ~ ..
and """'" lhc ....'lIfa(!alion of soik
trlCSl1,
lluu more wn<t< i,
lWIu~ In
I'f'."h= to:.... food.
The poverty spiral
Unlll..- (hi' impacl ~f lhcse fomls thai
make up the l'I'E problem, the nature
...-.>rId. ln~ad III ~ing rclatiVI'ly
/:YetI1y di"l"""""'l ~0:aI\y , the
poor
bt>rominsr int","",>in~ly ron-
=
ctrtl/llt"d in <'OVi","m<'Il1.aDy mo,rginal
and >'II1nenblc areas wbcrt' 1M')' have
lillie r~ bullO ........~it aln>ady
~Ic: rondition.. <k·ll....ting thd r
rcsou= base still furthoor and rontkm1ni1uIlhI.'flIS('M.s and thl'" <""kin'll
lJ> roolinU<'d lIO~y (fli"' II. 12. 1:1.
and (~ ) .
I~'" probl8n. ~fon! ""nstiIUl~
a vicioo. rlrr,," by ..him I"""--'l'ty hd""
III maiIllaiJI hqj:h ra1eS of lJOlAIbtion
llfllw1ll aad InrftUH ~nvitoM\tfltal
~ bulh of whkh ronlribul ~ in their
tum l<I the IlCf1lCIlIItion of povcfIy.
I<nd it i, a cin:k: from wbicll tho poor
do 110I usually have ~ ~ or
rho opportunitio-!< to brftk lift.
It r- kmi b<-..'D 1'I.'<:<JlfIIu..'I! that
..lw io requiR:d 10 ~ak our of (lUI
<')'de is 'Jt101'1h from bcIow'," hroullht
about by a rombi" l1i1ln 01 land rrimll
and IlIbour·inlm si....m1p!oymtnl SIr.II.
<'¢ct, m.<lil ""hct1l<s, uaininJt_I<Il1ilica. the rillhllriod ~ f ~
and ;"\'l'lIlnlCII!l; in 1I<:ah1I and rdu<alion. In addition. miIIiOfI, of poor _
pic too.,. IH."'CIl inve,unm l ' 10 ""111
thtm maintain the stabHily and
fig. l l TIIa ..l.....bl•
~
*'""
. . . will
_IJ"'"_IU..
_....,....
10
IiJIQIIIIooIlIOI<'ItlII
_ l r r &·o"".oaI _ _
-
,
"~,,,1I'in
..
_ _ m .....
--~
..__
-- - -
...
..
- -~ _
- ~-
prod""
tivityof""ib..
Al_~ lh<.,*, mea"" of bn:akinR
of the J'1't: i'jlino1 are 1101 availabk
lIl lm1lc nomb<"" of peuplo:.ln pari. the
Q<Jt
rauil r;.,. with ~ !hal h. ....
&M-'ll 1Ilo little priority In tho 1lt'l"d1 01
the lJOO"C"I. nUl ill par'l. al.... the wi<
of bn,ak;ng
of til<- "",raJ ;" made
more diffil"IIII by the induSlrializo:od
wurId·. 1lIllici<...on aid. ....'!II.lrade. and
financ<, which
the llfUWIh of
".11
",.!riCl
opportunities. Jffl<"rsirlQlion of lh<c<."OIIOfIlics of lho< devclopinll'
counlrie5 ;" _tiaI if the IlO""ft!'
spin! is In be brok<'ll. bur .. the
lliundl1and ConuniMioo l'OIlrluded In
it. 19!!7 ~ 0,., <
D"'_ /rlh<rr.
"()jotrSifjcarw.. i. I<'llJ' lJrat "';lJ ../ltIIi·
olt !o:>llI /H1Vt1t1 o.t ~ I _
i:r
f'I1Iploymtnl
",,-...perni
wbdDo
11 tisot""./IW"""
I..""
of
",,* . 11 'J'fJ1«tiosins.
ou 11 mil."" fi.udolflqo;s to,......
of lIO"'-'1'tY .. in une funcbmcnlal
CD. slTUs tlu>I _
"'"""" going through • 1rllJIffonnatiM in ",""y parts of the ~
fi"".u .....
ouJ 1.lmrlllioJull
•
"T'1lnJuglloul !lHI I..t docod••
I UN1CEfh,1 drlW'UttontiDo 10 tl-..
flet mil mljot ~ . in lHI.lth cOllld
be ma<Ie by I!Iewidespread US!I 01 ,
Iimita<I numbe, of specific:,
hHlIh i'oIBrw nlions. Tbio YII'. ""
I~ I World dtveIopmcm "PM
ff(Im
WonG Blnk . 1..,
lhil issw. Tho 1m
afln. "ID
luis! poIiq maUlS in fl~ 1M
""""OS!
m.
.""ro....
,"pon
«I<!f'IMI!S potfflfi,l r«lJm$
."""IIi..·
~
p'.......
is lhIl
"om _
Itt I>I~. Its
-roolJ 1M IIHIdllJds
lor _ _ ling IJ14 '-"riIlg' mm:h
QliIl,
r~
butHn of dUnu
Iff now ,lford,lIIe
'$I CCUIJIJ'ie$."
I'VeIJIrI \hi p«JI'
-In _
01 1M world.' Sirs till
rIpon. -, gfll" r d• .J at lIddWllnli
huII1I CO<J!d H olIWMd /rom I ,.to'
IivtIr
snuQ _ , '"
""~
CIJS!·""c~
>tfich coo/d ~ tJtIN.
.,." ~ mo>de$l <IJS! IfflJ wifJI IirIJ.
r>eed lor /Iigh-lrlell.ciIiWs ., mN'
icM<p. d . firMs.- In III. arll ol chilli
tIo. !ttl. Ihe re;>on rirlgles IHIl immIInitllio.. )llu$ .-itlornin A ,rid ;odino
wppteJTl8/\tS... ' . ChJ$lff III lm",.....rJom _ tJW WQUitJ ". .., 1M high_
" " CMH"-C_U
<JI ~ ".. 1Ito
uMc•• l'IiJIliJI ill \hi worltIlad.y:
As. .....oy 01 o>euunng <OSl-,Heetho WOIlG Bank report
""""""" I lIIW meIhod 01 quanli!v"'ll
ill "..1Ih. First, Iho . . . - Myel" <II
1ft lest '0 ' IS.IH is •• I. .... laO by
subtr, clIng thl .""'01 OlIO 1\ d.. m
from lhe•..,.<:aIion oIli!• •1
'!It
in I Iow-mortIIliIy pc""lllion. Tho
..poet of di,"biIi!i« is Ihen .. I....
l.Ili<l by muhip/Vi'lg Ill. upe clod
6lIr1lion oj III. d;ubilil'l w;m • 's......ity fl . tO!' 0/ up 10 0.6 - ,ff. otiYv/v
Con'I\ll/iIG the dislbilily witll lclS of
hi, . rId ~ \hi two :0 be added
~. Onee com........ tilt Ie....
1r0lTl "".1Il loci di.. biIity .,. !hen
adjusted by I ttI C....... I . Irlabll .....
to .. , II r*"' lost d.pondi"ll on I~.
This -mill ~ ar r;'ecl al by 'COll$\''''
""" MIQe.".nr, rise. steeply from
, ... I I birm I. I llea k I l l g. 25, elle,
which ~ ~~ stl.dlly wid1
1I\l9I1e...
""f
inc: '''5inlJ1~ .
lht IOsuI! is I ,"""bo, ""'c~ lOP.
,....,.. Ilislbilitl'.ediu_ lito p I"
.. llALV.·. lht lOUIl ,..."bet at OALYs
is I ,""gil
u'" (II tho glot>ol bu'<Ion 01
1 In IOII~ "'" BIni< CI~
, utll.' IIlaI "'" _kllos! LJS billion
DAlV.to iI ~,"IIIl " 1m On. q""nor
oj 1IIis WlSICCOOOlld 10/by ml ml jor
cl'Oklhood dise'se5.
The numbor oIl"sl DALY. dial ,"n
Ile pr.. I... d by • ponic.... , lIoa illl
inIefv.mion is mOIl uselI IS • mol01 ' ''st·.fl l cliv......
" this rno1hocI __ to be used to
dlllfTTlinl ml pII. rilil . 01 "1Iion,1
helhl> ~'limlIS worIdwilII, """"
"'" p.r..m '" ~..hI> .... od in "'"
workI wo:>Jd loot. ""'I dill nt E_
*"'"
W;"'IJ irml I , . """, ,"~-workI 11'88....... "'" Bl nk "vs 1Il11 -6"...."..
mt'1llr it> d-"'ping
1_
Cl>lJlllM5 5hDuId
ftfI"g.,
~ IrI" _ rhItIlMy"- d<J 0/1 ifl5
Cf)5l·DfecM i1Q~. ,ltd
it>sN, d darJbkl or rrip/f .par'ldintl ""
basic prJlJli< ~aIfh p'''Y",.rre. IIH:h
.. ~!iclrI1ildAIDS [N'IWfltIOfl
ofld"" ._~"clinkal,,"""""
In plrtie"Io,. "'" ,~ . <Woel tel
I "minimum pldoga 01 •• JI/lU!
clitIicll SfflicI~ c ~ oj "'"
most blsic: IIICI 'ost..tlIC..... hftllll
intIrYtMions. " rllW ')' "'"
I...
oDSf..1f1Clin Uf>ico. ooiII comimJI, savslIle .. port. "M ~ JVI4HJin
rn
if fWy m.w, bltrelir m.
_ Ilhr. $IrINId be p/JIwd OUI dumg
, lfInSitinnII poriod."6_ _ ~ IOC/JUlIrt
hu h'" 0/ lila 1168 />ilion 'I1/1III1
~.nns on 111l1l1I .. ~
CorJ11{Ms," conclud•• World S.nIc
'IN"d /" ifl5 -
0/1
...c
""II ;
P'-Sidtm L..... Preston. "roo much
0/ rJJis $/JIfl ~ W 'lJ"CiaIil«1 CO" ..
IMDafl' f,diitifl 11111 ptrMdes lim.
g' in ,.,. ~
gon 10 _
'"""" ~ ~m.
roo ~
cost !ligh1y , fflO_ 1"fJg''''''''' such , • •""frDI . tId ,ru rmem or infectious di~,~s ,"II 0/
"""""","",- 0
_-----~­
.....w_ . <. ..
Consequences
brginnitlll to lnJIsmit int'-'"'"\iuniI
shock _
lhmu,l:h thl;" i.IlP'k' OIl
The C<>I\linullion of 1M l~"': probk>m
in,o 1M 2111l .....,U!)' "ill bav<.
qU<...,,,,. ""'l'lldlog f2r b<-rond illl
otr-ly hmh P{(f'C\S on ,be POO""'
tht politK-al !lIabi~ty of Ihc I\eoJclIrpiI1,ll
IIOIioo.. withalllbe """. and risb lhal
such inSlahi!il;'.." will _ .
"I'M lint <':l.<Ia!I.y ;,. Iikcly IG tr. the
prt>l(I'('tS bo.'ing madt· towanl" n-pn._uu... dlorMcrary and tho ",It '"
b.w. The IIope$ of millions oJ pcopli:'
b"'" been rai>ed in Iho ororH. oJ '-'001>!rico whidl ""'"" 0Ill<k or "'" Ol!empl·
in« to maier tilt tl'llMition from
aurhorilarian ",Ie. Fro"m,tion of lhutr<hopo-s by I ~ 'l! problom, wilIlncmrs<'
ro_-
bil,"", of ,he ""'>I'Id's P'-"'Pk·. II t<tlJen>.
~ • o\lll''''' of lur,dame,nal !leJl.
inlcn~. :l!I wclI as 01 all"'islic rotI<'tm.
tl\lllth<' ""' of 1hor w<l<\d <huuld a<'<'Of'd
'bit probk1n. Ill..... priorily.
~im of all 1M l'll'o'in>mn<'IIta1
impon of ,he
probkm P""t'" I
m:
,,,nOll. ihreIllo ~ numbfn or MI·
_ _Ito ...no Iivc and ""'"' in
agrinrhural an.. of
d,,: d,'VI-iop;lUt W<'lIid. W",,.,. f\o¥,;nlt
~ cklluck.'<I ,lc>p<>s and do!fO/'f'SU'd
hillsideo
""puscd lIOil$, carrying
Ihern
10 "'" inIcJ\'OM.·lynomYtif!<!
....rJtoy /loon, I'\ood pbim. and ri=
l'Sluaril:1\: as lb<'lle llt'dimenl s .....
tlr.'PO"Iit<'d. tiw'r Irwhi """ and d "
and irriplinn .....-lcs 1><.:"".... sill<'<! up,
wiping OIIlln..
nt. and itKTea.'ling
the fmlut'IK'Y Illd "''VI-'';ty '" 1Iond...
hrording W
<-.tin\lll..... ihetI'
~ "'" ilWady lh"'at,'II~ the
U..-lilNx>cl. of 400 million 11Inrn... WM
farm 1M mor-e fl'rtilc ~llUraI .......
of Ihc dcvclopirur: " lIrld .~
S"coodly. I"" irKTeasilUt pn."""""
"0 tnal"J(ioal lands, and eSIJl.:i.1ly on
tropiral fUfUlS. ~ I ihrNI 10 all ind"ding ill" I'OI""IiI'inns of tbe ind",,"
lriali=I W<'lIid -Ihrwgb its .....tJ.PIlbl;.
cilt<I <votribution 10 Iho increa<c! in
lIl'ftohau'" glI"", and lu the rap;d and
a«"'~ k>ss of bioloei<al dj,'"r,liIY.
'J"","" i'lllit<'" Wl.-..... widl.'1y PIlbli<:md
durin~ Iho U,,;lfd N.liool. Conl<.",,,,,,
"" ~:1Win>rnn<.1I' and ~~
llM'\' prospmlIt.
,-n>dt.
do""
".rn.. .
"'If""
hOlld in Kin ~ Jatll'iro in 1992. and lit'
clearly "'. OIIt in i\jlffida 21.,,,,-, tlr.>cum<lIllhal """
'<I by Ill<: world',
political ~rs al tbe COIICIu<ion of 1JI<o
·F.mh Solnlmi!'. 1""'" "'" ilI...... fono
""ly """'tioned berf, .. a further """h-
anisrn by whkh PPE prob~ N'adl
oul 1M 1><'Yond thai "",. fifth of Il>c
W<'lIid·.l>G\lUblioollhat .. rnosl di"-'<-'lly
"""ed
Instability
In addilioollu lh<ir "'orIdwide <1Ivirun........1iI impaa. I ~ ...: probl<'Ins..., aM
d<-sl><'I1Iliun. k.1ldin~ 10 fur·
thtr int<'rIW m~ ~ di';"
sinn. 10000ti<:al turmoil, and .-inl'....l
OOIIni<1s. In siron. lh<re is • rI.... risk
of creaIlng a dimale lor lbe mwn of
lht dictallln and Mn~ ",ho
hiM>inJIi,cI<'<I II/> m\ll-'h dMna;re "" Il>c
~ of IlO many d,'Vl"lopi~
Ila1UrO" in the 11'«11' pa... '!lli" is the
~r f"","",-", by. """",g Olh."..,
MdJllYO i\dl'<k'ji. furmcr Exeruu...
Srcn'Iary '" Ihc: En",,,,,,", Cumm;'"
sion fur Nrira, whu has Mid lhal
"/H",IKI'GC'J (QOOI)/ rJrrilll' io (tJ .diti<nu
II{ abjHI />OtVTly: Ill" by J.>r. Kofi
Awoun<>r. Ghana', A",ho>.;ad.,.. to the
Unitl'<l I'atioo.. ,,'ho has said thai
"lVurt1 is,~",tltn <ldi<talo"'i~ . II is
""ipt It> lwIitw lito' &,
iuti,.·
riUlUJ1izi"l ",.lliHrfY I.hm.lisll/ o.d
pmdtli",j", ~"'t1rl""lJ11l''''''' Q " . . ,.
(QfI./11rile. 4¥l1fQf r«til't' ~I'
#>';15 l%jItJ1l3. istkoitd lKem to
fit. 12 1M ,,'_ob'ota Asil
_ 1'Il..-.... 011111_ .....
---"'
..
w._
..... ..._-_.
-_--"" II Alot r-..o- -.l 1III_
£0'lJ _ .. iIIorM _l;Mo .".
1I
....."
_~
-~
C<'II!IOIIl;"
--------
"'--"'-....
-".
rtrnr"
'Of. "
t«/lll<liDD . od<- 1.I.lJig"" <O>ICtSSio• •
Q')' tml/S. is oM'l>.rdt1mI &,0 <:rlpp!l.,
dnII .,.drmw. IJ' ir: IIimuJi/y II tI"".;~
r= ... II ..."1,, "';Ih lit. <"I'tIJJoi.,
i"'''''<1 <IIn", J«itrl distlI>ilititl. "';11
$/01'l.'i..... /I~.-
l/ a- ~mi"", """""""'" nlal""
riaU..,. the" ....UIh<.T """"'.......,;J spiral
wwld III"" be "" in moIion:
tal
"""'lei flow .bnrad: IorrigIl and do".......
lie in-........I Ievcl:I wooId faD. as
W<lllid ~nue< from """h ,,"lability·
d<'P<'Odl'l>1 sou""'" to IOIIri"",: fIOriaI
~ ...cb "' ht'ahh and l'du",,1ion
wool<! be disruplC<l: k.;.s Il1knliool
woold tr. lraid Ie I'O"'-"'Y and ....viron·
",""tal lkwadllion: and na\iunil
"''\lOUm'$ would""'" ~ Itnd Ie bo.>
diYtrttd Il, th t mi~wy. to
n"....,..;on.
•
fit. 13 '1'110 ..Ioarl blt in AIrico
_
__
.. _ _. .
----".. _-
_ R _ o l llt _nnI
PI'IIltIo _ _ .I,fm _
... in....
............ .....
_ 1ow 1llJ ~ """" _br
...
....
.."""'.
s. ~ .s.t>o ,
and to topin~ wilh \h., COl'"'''' '''''''''''''' of
COlnlli<t and inl..-maI migraliI>n..
In !hit- way. """ of 1M m<>ol ~
luI ~n. of aU "laY be P!'flIO'Iu.
>led - lh>I br1""IW in$lability &lid
povt'ft)'. The br'ololesl ilU,"",-')" of thooe
~ in 1M,.".jrJ wb= p<>Vert, ;. aI
it'! f1lOI!l ~, and w ~ 1"'1>gR'SS
has brousthl
bencliI.. o/J""'"
!hoI Ih.or In' by and lam !.he pb.:eo
whictl tIaYC """mol from 1If')kmg..'II
of in.Lob;lity, """fiicl. and
~ In hi. 1992 SlaI"""..1 Aw
0lgt1r. /rJr /'<Q«.lhe sl'"<maIJ.("........:J
of 1M United Nation>. BoolrUS
Iloutrol\-Ghali. has ... d thai the <W:p.
nl <aU..,. of confIicI art:' " ~", ic
r"".,.
p." iod.
.-
-_
..._
....
----"'_.
----
dnt>ttir. S«i4/ j.;.uti«, oJUI ~iti<tJJ
0#""*"". And in its lUm. cooIIk1 j,;
also Olle orw moo! rorrnoon and ~
a!\lllUng ca.".,.. of povnIy and d.....pair.
A11be bowt of lh.i. ~ deoln>c1ive
of s)'tM.Tgi""", is the tll,.... 1 10 Ilrmoc",,. iuoolt "o.1J" sotitl'1 D/ tUJfIOffll!i·
ttiIl1 prolfflN ~ ."oaw ,.;pr.," ron Un",..
Aw "'...
~ Pf(/(f .
"ClIo cifrr 1M l/l>o
lnJi/J //oat rool llli/O"W ~ 1In< t II<'"
ti.....-
The industrialized world
"n, _
iJUlkt>I~
TIle PTOllpcrity problem
I'l'F. l""Obl<o"" howl....... lam and
cnmpltx, arc ooly """ deml..1 of tI>e
~ th.u ;.. PlI"'ring twCI" the ZISI
tmWtY.Th" Olhl..."Iajor CO>mfOJrlr"l of
llw cri>Ils am..s from a diffurro l dire<:'lk>n - tile tfI.... ~ 01 risilIll ~ y.
I1 Iw alrr-ady
rnenliono.-rI ,!;al
tho.- Pl'""'Il tll A"1 10 !!'>r bi~ ...•
COlnl<.. <M.'r'Wl1dmiIl)lly from "'" r.'tJab.
li:<lled ;" du-.rria1 nation.. """='nl'dlng 10
some f'Slima1<.... lor l'UlDJlle. tho>
Imr-t of 11Jc ""''All'' Al'1l'rican ciI;.",;.n
OIl the global ....vironmenl if ~
malt'ly 3 timI's llW 01 1bc a,,-~
halian, 13 m..... lIl.OI III IIIe
Br'lIZilian. 35 limeo< thal III thr """"""'
lIIdian. 140 times fhal of 1M IWl'Ig<!
Banll~ and ""'"' than 250 IinJelI
thai of a cilia.. bom into ...... allhr
k:ast lk'Yl:loped naIioM. 0/ Alb-Saharan
Mnca.~ This a,I(3in I~ an ;-., "md1
ha< 1x'<1l 'lridcly dionI.-l d...-wlk "
I..... widdy ~ ~ lh< 111 1y
""'~ if far .-., JlOSlIIlou'
o:ounlrico in
succeahtUy IJW'"
......a ;i""larpau,'I"n 0/ progt"f'SS.
oo.u
The inl<'l'lIction betwI'f1I l'I'E probl<'IIIS
and nalional In:ila!»l llk.. and ronJli<u
also hall obvioos ~""""'""' . fur
1"-'""" and $lability at 1be inlem.uiorull
Iev..t In >lOme ........ in'tr'IIali<mal
actirm will be ""l" imI lo hdp prol... .,
popJlation. In ex1rt'me emtI'j(O'IKies.
or in failed Slat.- wh= aD nnIt1" has
brok..-n down. In Olh..- caort.. intr.orubonaI irIvoIo.'ernenl " iO be 1JKo respo n~
'" ~ from dictatorial regi""-"l
thal bIMo """"" to _
by apk>i~
tbe fruslratiolli of tbe poor. 1ht ~
and ri<l<sof ""flinll wilh llIOCIl """"ll"""
citt. aIn.-ady COIloidmblr, ~ Iikdy 10
lW: submnlially In lheyo.'arS ahtad.k<
'"'" tlislinRuiolJed modem hlSlOrian
has wril"""
I<1lal1y "r illc.'l[a!ly. to......"" fr"'llland~
of 00 """" '" land. of .." ".. Umilt<l
OWO'tunlty. "'had" an CSlima1<'IlI(l(l
million t:.,o,>Ie "'" Iivin8" ""loidc lilt'
CO\lI1l1)' in whirh tt,,:y ....-e bom.~
A<-tording 10lhe UniI..'d Nation. I'opuIalion Fund (U N ~l 'A.\ . th<- "",.,.,..hclmin~ lI\i\iorily of lht..... "'" n:ooomk
mlgnn~ a' Ieasl 20 million arc also
n...; ~ from vinII'II<.~·. drousIl,l. and
""rirorImo..1aI dewuction. ~ A:i lht......
nnmbmo llIOWl1. ond ti lhc ;oou<lria).
ized o:ounlJ'i". Ix'lliD 10 fet'1 mnn'of lhc
p"-'$Illre.1he = _1ioo with ,he oe<'<I
for a . - and """"ny<>riertU'd ;,,~
tinnaI de"""""'''....1clfon will btromo..
IllOln and mun'l'Yidenl
La.t1y.p<>VI.1'1Y and desperation "'"
aloo kl>OWJl lr> travel ocrnsa m!ernational bnnI..-s In the u/dy di!<l!Uisl'" I>f
tom>t\.." and llle tra/f... in drull"-
1JIo,
'''''r.IlI<'
""'..-orId
" _ 1M /JrIf<i1N cooxq ...m of
rapid p<>podtstiO"
-W torl>. ·
Many of 111l;- ~ nalions un
ItI.,,, Old uml8ri4J u/'GuUn< a.... "" <'2<th, partkularty in I\s.ia. ~ ~
jI/ollSibh "" 0~1.'"
able t'ltPC<-1aUoo. of oc<>rIOlIlic JlI'O"1h
Sc<:oI>tIly,lho.' I'Pf: ~l willWa ill !he l'ntl' ahead. <.iM.'f1 Il>e f(lobal
""1ft.,
•
~
lary
in the
fonn ali ~ ~
~
ti pe<>pIc aU..'III1'l
",",,11 ,,'IcI<'Vioinn and video. and Ih"k
dynarnlo: elk<1s OIl human aspinl1inn.
..., Iirnt,b. iI ~ 1ib.-ly 1luIl
.-.,.oflllHo,ll<>IJUIu-'''''· lO be
~ au-ollhe-W
will .......... ..., ill ......,..-. bfllioI
.. ~ tIlO" __ m.r o f - . .
..<IID_ 1M; pr....u. . . . . . !he
th.uI IbaI of ..,.
""'C*nt~ ..... nIIy.
_
,hlion
~
..... .
,
IhiI
...... ..- . .......... . .!hal. ......
Vel
... ............-.."*,_cb<1llad ilf
io:lib? l1o-Jr1y,W
....
-_-_
.._-.
_---... _-
iol.-rieL
dill thio ;0 \heir
II,., ......w
cIetl:r
riJIII?
.,.....w
..,.
.... ' 5
_
... _ _
.,.-.-_
_-. . . ..-- .
f"oa. 14 n. ..IMmle .. UCio "-riel
~...n:l
'"*'" ..........
.. ill
pooili<la lo
n.:ni<1l
iout; ,..• ..,.
ill !he
do: .... klpiac ....nd or ""ft"l thai ~
IIlIould 1>01 '"'l'in-' 10 hi¢ln .....,,, al
,nal,ml ~ II<>IhIng cwld bo-
murc llJU'nli.u.. than ~"lII....inJ rna.
lioItlI of """""" conli:Jl"" lnYO>D1nIlIIy
bullodc <WI ..., waolIirq: \btoir cllIlllClI
_.
'0
dowIIlO waICfI
--_
...
---,---- -
mer. Idi;lroe 0fll!inK
in - . . ...,
n 'f\IIW 0(
1Jallao'...,
Y"Jull:IO~ _(
'.....
Iioa ill . . dUd " '111 -.1d ..... Ibt
.......... ~ . . w ~.
lorn ,' .......-........-.:r <
,;
Mol •
, C
tIlO" 1Inn'I'
"-'.,..
1W ,. ~ ,,
-"_
1.. 1i.....
-"1
JiorilIW.
"
__•
~¥.
_
. ./MI.
,.." _
_
. . . .. .
ll
nrn.u ,,11*1 . ,.;..,
•• Irilti<atiM • /Itt ..m.-.,.
_,."..." flJk "" ftW . Mil/I• •
'0"'" .... l<n<J ... #rJht . ...... .
priltl4/7 _n:to.L'hin.·. pr'COCIit m ,' 01 """"""it:
~ 1Or~, """,1CL In """
l/I'Ill-Taliua. """'" 2 lL....~ 0/ I'Conomk
tl... IoliO'"'01 similar In llIIl at the
~bli< ot K<wa 1Otlo;y, AI llIIl poIal.
C!W', a-"! ~ "" !be ......
"W-w.ib~... !he ___
. . . . be IIimiIor '" lUI GIl" !he
UJiIeod
iIs arIIca oiodtle
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sea.... ...
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5
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cl .........
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wiIh
environmo....10 wilhin which loday'.
_ lm:llI d war1l;~
:J
M~
!be lnUI!IiOOn 10 new palho
al po ,*,_ in lIM- incluottiab:cl """"
Irieo ill ...... 10 lIlIiDIoin or """""'"
lhc quality ol ... >tillle tiani6cla1ly
roedu<i<'I
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....... 0-
dcliIliIm 01
JII""'_-..ItI bc .... lbt . K' " C
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f
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r--Iha
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pl.ocipal "j ,Ii,a:
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... '" .. CIl<l tlw ..... IIIIffIO 0/
!l<W\'I1)'• ......",. _ JIllion ,IIrnWCh,
anti iIlvcslinR: in !be fUI1II ond urt.D
wilI __
.--.--
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ifntyIos .........
tllow .. iDduRrioIizfcI <'llWIlrieI.
......,. """"""" • IfoaoI. I00 tniIlioIl. •
I ~ • • •, • S ,. t ics .
dowloIo Iloo u.I 01 K
'
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ate -.'OI
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lIinhI. Ar, mo1htIhoocI. bornSl:f..d·
.. ~,td inuI
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mao.: ""',
r.'llir' l<lIY intKtiont.
"YlI..... IIltl,
AI DS. Ina child
i'l ......,
dJ' I'IPn\tlll au:
01 "" _ .
lhon IOU counlries _ . "" booll
lw bttII II'IInIIItH or lod•• • Irs
....... n _
bftn lIiIDrool ID iii
0..-
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lit &o:ldilion 10 btq _
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01 FKls lot Ib
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$Oyn in 1KInd,.... 01 JOIP0fI0f1' lOll
pojIIIIl f
Bruit I
rlIIjGf $_",",kIl .hl.. h.. P<Il
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plUIic: bIgI. In
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lhr bt~ otlhll b .bitiw is poAo
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fI"drljnililm o( ...nal is mnnl by I<'ro~1,. f oo.....iI1,II ,.... ,...bal. cau:t<d by
It.......b1iral.... ti h;" bo<lk 71I, ,.u, uJ
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lMSlc <II ~ ...,,,.. nt b ~ 10
Iho.'lal!k of I'"'PlIrinI: fur Ilk- 21 ill n ".
hll"i. ' w-".... /J . . . ~ ' Ik~,
au.' ba ....
ariol ..............lll • t l ~wy
~ _Irom Il\J lIilil.IryolbaJIlr. \lor ~
Ilftat 10 ~ ... . " . 10 . . . .
'""" "'" ~ ottk._,.h ...
...-W
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t'lISI"iallballhc _
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in
--'d
iI:o
irnmt<lot' !nlIul
ill 1M
of
New rotlC<..'Pl" of SC'Cllrity
....."", "-N ..
UIl <lioporwot.
Gist
~na
.nould
I"'·
"""''''''''''eelU a "'"
tainIblT lutuli', And in
UMtd
Slat,... (<><by. 'o'IlkH.... bts/innin.a Itt be
rai...-d in Ju PP<Jr1 <II III<' icl,. . tlul polio
cK.'lI IIhwld b. ""Iically ""rlmll.<1 in
R'lf"l<I~ In 1~'E probk",., A1"'"1:!l" tho'
I)....,.v" ful <Ii I....... vui<n,
may bT I'ltCtOpltd lit"",
m<>!iI
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~ ... sciII
"'~• .......-.. tII~'" Ia,.,ui
~.wiaS.IJ.. ~., ...
.
............ many Ilmo.... ......, . _, ..
10 ""litNy raparil, lhan 10 erwimft.
n>tnlll p."h ~"lit><I.
notions, nation al
security is
threatened by
enuircnmenta!
degmdatian on a
scale tllat
ti D
invading army
.....,~
JIrcoady nw dill IIIlloNI IIf'aIrily is
It..- ""el by PI"': po 'I
i.dIal.
.... .....--..... "'
III many developing
t/... ar1Ii-(. _
io"";N<I_it.1Iaa",
I · ...
n...._
,,"';#wt$" __ '''llIIn ""...
,..."...,n..,llIIt _ /h • • itftWMJ
ftw _ i. 1J/JU ...-ir ,..,...... •
could contemplate.
_
.... _.
~.w ~
~
.. /It JlMiJi:t -u
~'.
."",.,
". lit i..-..m./ _ _ '" .....ullin, . . IN....... lit ....ri_ _
MI1y. l
l ' ,.nm. . Ift.............. "-" ....... Illlrht II.
,_do" ", icII: rlislir.lhor _
.... ~
. , froao ... lor _ .. Ihr poilinl
_id<o • • • .., IIIillk dli&. n...
pokito.i11 ~ linandol 11.-_
~IIIW
Iopio• ......t<l, in
~1IqltIliaIion ol. n
- . . aDd ill II<.'iI.'IIIik - ........
. . 1be- ....... oI ltd.....,.
ilia ill ...-u.. 10 PPt: lin I ' . .. ill
,IUII_
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.....,1 .......
~bJ,
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lhol"' ~ C.C" .. " ,
'"
<6;Inf; III O<i <_ dw - . . - . .
oflbo PG"<"ftJ'lholpo ocicb .... '"
lhr """p:- ...""'" I a$ : r JIVW\h
-.I
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1M lhIiIftl ~
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ci<aIM.
00IlIII00criIi. . . ......
boai)y food po , lioa.-.I
....... iIaIilr:
The 6111llest
Tht PP£ ..."blo....
~
fGYiron...-l
u.... froao ~
.."",.... .... w -'"
....,.. 01
/It maR lbr
J[JeaI nmiIloa .....'. ' i".... u~.
ocllbo bn.>E <O<I\l:XI M U11111:m1ll III
l:riDli: Ihc: bair bo..'f'l('fito oIloruen-.... III
lMId ""-'<'I 1M rn-'aI
h u n~ IIo.ol:I di!lC\llilil'd iIIlhl' tlrsl pan
aD
~
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•
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7 " "' •
... ....". ci jau,,-u..rl ........ III
....,. oI lbtw _ . I) " a .t
AocI at.i< ... tJoeo . . .
"""'"" J:QIl< thlI " - btoo'lllWlftd bJ
!he n»iao'iIy of lhr -"1"1 ~
I<adcn «lUIII lIo:rd cu be <'Omidrr<....
• h lI"5I of (he imC'fNl4iMal rommu. . . .:
t
...
nllfl ~:and <apaciIy III ~
mokin.lr WIiMIl InlntoiliO<l.
The fmal pan of lhi~ rtp<II1 thco....
in '""'" dr1.aiI .II"" ""ntnll
a>nllibulion,,'him Ilk· "",h",",I1Ictll of
Iwic human ~ rwld tllIk , 10 l/Io.!
of \hiJI "'1">'1.
Tu nlffi (I.e.' r ~ nariorW
a1lou and inlrmaliorW <OO\Il'ltiion
.... .............in mall}' diIlo.'fl'll1 fftJl - in
the "'loot and poll1kH oIlall.'rrWional
Lndo:. ill IlIIlll' ~ttd and
1bo S1abWatiol'l of popubliolll. and to
IlMIanal ...... ~
Ib< ...... <If ..............'111>11 ""'"""""___
bbour~
~ k>ok.
~
01 l'!'£
1W"'bk.... -
10 lho.o
-ma- 01 minimum burnan I>L........ 1<1
The synergism of
sol ut ions
I'In I fJI ~ It1lO"I ~ lbr
"'CI t . . . Ihf pOl jeI iI-..nl
C Tbr wai..,. . II
, . c" :
............ _oI<hi1d . . .
<_" . ...
Ib
m.- w ok• . •
the
I
' :e.-:I
_ ••h ~ ~ '-" dowri.... III W poiallll wbidI ...., r/.1IIr
~
I/gl
_ ...""*PIlI1IonIrIIlo
01"' .... m a:JuM
III thr cIiopoool 01. Iomi-
_
b
io *'001 all _its
..........
III •
.......
la~_
~
..... lho ;111<"";001;01
<'IlIIlftJJ1IiIy ." _
in I JIQO\iIjoII.
sholIld ttwr to dtcido.1O brinIr lIbouI
add ....... ...., oip;Iinnl ilr.prtM>
1Ilt'lIlS in tile IW'Yinl hnhh. RlllriOOn.
and ~ or many tniIIion-< 01. !he
"",rid', rh ~ ... Spccifie ,lIOal. which
n,11o.'<l Ill ~ poJIl'llli;ll ~ bo.·" o <Ij(n. 'll
by I"" 1Kl6lk'al ln<k..... 01. - ollioo...
Pan 2 hu rnappo.d lhe w-ltr Ia/>d.
iQIlC In ...tIieh this p:Il ... tiaI ~
""'ol w., ......,. dnwio« IlIttlboollO
1M I1Ullllllly ~ ~
.&t'lI <I_limled pcM'l'Iy, l"lPd IlOl>uIIlioa
D O' 4: mvin>D.....ul _
- lho- PI'E probk;D
-u.-'
.... n 1t
a;1a o,
~
·oI 11ut
bdw
IlOl""
pd ......
I'In 3 looks III Ihr . -........
botwN ~
Col . . IIwat. ...
.
i ...... Ito. . t ' ' iI« 01 liar
$
..... ........ ....w ........
..................... ,
',.. u..
II c' ln. . . . . . . dlt 2l« ttMwy
CI mba..
T~ I'\ql.lb.eiIodIodr::
CCllllnlof1llt
rbiJ' ol
..,....
n A..... oIdlid~
A ~ lt. . . . . iII....-,M,
U A ..... .,,'••__.. ."
. _
~~
I I Tho.. """"""""
o
"'''*......
10 aD
COIIUWO~""
It. bWt ~ fill"all chikIrm;
] ,. .,
3
of"'"
$."~
F..-;h 01 " ' - ..... is 6MIT
f'dIled 10 Ibt .,.... 01 the I't"E
~"io""
w"
'.
II lriI boo
IMR
0:4.... III
.,... ee_ 01_ .. !l1f.""US
iMo IIIftr. hNWI . . _iliw: edaca-
--.............
HEAJ.11i AND Nl1TRI110 N
II.nclIirijI
baoic lutman bnlIh ....
....m -.
would IIlriko:' III. -"" 11M:
01
the Pf'f: probk,n.
F"1fSl. imll"O"\'d tdh i!l one "' tIN!
. - POWerful 01
all """'POll' lor
OWI<lcinll" po'o'rI'1y . WlI.m." ju~ by
Ihe KOOOmj(" ~ nusrd by ~lC
di~ .... by tile K<lf>OI1IIo ...,...",.
t am.d by In""",,","_ in waI<.'r ....,.
ply,. Ibc
0I'l~
l<-'Olimony of
"-<Ct'nIl'<"'"' • Ihol ~ in IwaIIh
Md ""Irili<>n Iw>Ip to !rt"qlroye """""""
IiriIy .-I to ~ \lie I't'lUl'IlI 0lI
"'---.,L
odl<r......
In 1M ..., _
it • obwiun lha
&"..... ............ -.r.
......................
.... _'-lbe .. ·
'"
"'-'".
... """" io 6rWt..1IM its. .... ~
_ • bt1IoT
'" .wt IiIDe _
-..:r io
oidl dlitIlrN..
In
IMc&tt'd~oI .....
t,
_.~.-...._10l
01 t.il:r
<
ill lbt
-vs __
.......
lIIlbt ~ _ ~ • IIIl ol;Ioo;-
.... _ 1M..
f
There is all obviolls
and profou nd
connection between
the mental and
physical development
of children a"d
social and economic
deoelapment of their
-.,;",, ___
' $.....•
lilt _ _ """ phyadI"
01 etIildIul .....
-W _
w
-.ir .......~'11 .of1llrir_ .....
n.. hi COIllrib.uiWIlha woWcI be
llllde by ~ baic: IlraIIh ....
-oold lhcn., *,", be to ~ boIlI
the: 1IlIort"""" and ~ *"'>
lMlmic ~ of POQl" <:untlll\l~
t llt~
societies.
Ub-Sahl ' '''' Africa is the 0fIIy
'"Ilion at Ill. d8'M<lllinll WO<1d
S
by 1.2 bi1h. PI' W\lIlIIn bllWII"
$plIed deeine in fertility. Some
SI ' " ~ In Kl flyl . lhe Tf R SllmI
to hove lolIIn by U bmhs PI' wom.n
ltIol hu not ~ uno't<lI.... I wid.
d, _ropl1tfl i>lb.. 11111 I de, ....
his now begLlll; otIlo,. ar. "'" V9l
prl ... 'tll til t ommd lhtmstlvts. Irg...
ll'i tho,"'" "';"",. is .....11
llerno; r.~ trod H..1Ih S!JIveys
(OHSI hI'" recently been tDIIduclid
in 21 $IIb·S . ...,," AlTice" ""lion•.
Re!lO'1S from 13 lUCh 511J<!ies hIM
bun
lIU~
Ind prelininlry
mutts' " rvlil.bII fO! lou, ......
1981-1980 I rld 1985-\988. BOlSWln.
~I' oeM
I Mem. 01 0.8 ""' thl
in 101I1.nIl by 0_5 bolwHn 1911 . ...
1989. ~ ISlin Q th.l t:hI dec linl in
Iollilify elllJlcl bl I OCe\e(e!irl\l shl ' Pt,.
" is . Iso POSSibillho, forU'ly h..
beQun 10 hi. in BLIfUI'ldi, M ~1i. Nig..-i..
SI""g.~ iIIId T"9'l. though in • • of
IIm I lht f.B .. TFR is .......,kIll
Ifld thl supllOflinll ovldeoee is less
c...w.eing.
Tho _ in. in <<>nj<mtion ""'"
ather oWl"",,,, mok' . cleal mat 11"
liliry h•• !legLI/I to deeli'le in . , I. Ul
In Nigeri. - willi olmost 0 ~"""
of sub-Soharln Alii",·, poopIt _ t:hI
~
lVIill bll l1t1listJ•• s ugQISI I dtolino
in 1111 TFfl of L3 births PI' WOIIII"
Botswan', KenvI. IM Zirnblbwo.
&on fuf ""'.. n. lioM. 1tI~SlH:'
"",.,,,,tl! dtclino of I fly COllnuy in
on ,.~ chi""". ""It limI , "" It,
Irom satislll<lOlY. BUI 0lIl" obstl'ofl
irina. _ weight 10 "'" finding thot
!her. hos bo'f<I l declino in lII. lOaI
f.rti5fv lite (TFlIl 01 _ . than .....
IMnII ptr WOII\lln. Tho reponed 1111 01
sub-Sobl,.n Africl III lIall . b<Jl tho
~nding i. 1<apI<T; ~ is: JIOl <ll n silllrll,
for "" ., _
su"''''VS ~
!hIl ooIy 6"4 01 m.,riod """'"" in
N'9"rio 11>1 """'" form 01 comr.......
lion .n<! 11111 only 3.5,. un modll"
m... .r me courmio. olLlel""
trom l!l82w 1988. This" tho II'Q'S!
_ comac.pWo .... /or ...........
__..av.r...
hIS nun lignific:oRlly. in Zi'IIl>a tM9.
6Idno
boolIon .. !hI """" po....
Ious .,
of tho south-WI'Sl lncl pos.
sibly intho SOUllHlSl
Tho.......... ItQ'" IIII! '"' ~"",.I
rltef'" in f.rliIiIy III. yet bl g\lll in
sub·S.",,." Allie. poim to rho I.e'
lhIIU.d ilio••1.. Iuts ".l'llni/'l f _
11191 to..... . nclthfl lhl un of conblC.prlQn is '~llIIy 20 porpoints lowe! IIIl n tould b.
t1qJIetoel """" .0000P1'td '" ~Il
~
at m. ",eeI women
flOW .... I
modern moII1od 01 r~ ~ ill
Botswlnl !1M iii." is
Ind in
...."'"
m.
M.... conlinntlion ....... from
.~ ..king
we....
how nuny
<!liId,"n m.y woOl. In Kl nyl , the
JtlOWOr t.ll ••ry..... r ~ fr o .. ln _ .
age 015 1 in 191\01 to U in 1989.Amono;
women avtlI "0-44. !he ~ ..I numbt<
01eMd,.. _ . ...d55;"""""ll!>osl
I gt<l 1S-19 111, _
wal3.1.
1111 I nsIWf g;"ln
Bo,swltll, Kenya Ind Zimbabwe
h..... also
t>ettt< III." "'''1'
in aUlour 01 !Ill " ' ."
01 prOG,es. most eo.n1l1lOllly . ssoci·
. ll d with lllIinIj loni/ity _ riU>g
IlfI\Ill! e<lue.lioo, II,"", child IroIlaf.
ify, wolk.., l.miII' plo~ lIfOg,......... and I do9rH of ec:0Il0IIIi<
'.,ocI
AITic," not:,..
..,.,.
The most "'.mati< did ... h..
o<e\lf,1ld n Zimblbwe wt._ PHS
'ISU~ lIJWiSt1h111l11 TF!I h.. ll l."
~_
... fib
tyl/l ll .
,"""go
counuin I I limiIll _ . 01 oc <>-
"""'* """Opmolll
' ''l UI
~
thai the . il,um IItInc• • !h1l d«tn'l'lino lorrOIy "i.. It.
elll~ and lftol
,"s~ .Melly IS olhor p<lIlIJla1ions
III.. de". - prowling !hll "uff"ienI
priority is given III 'eGUCI/lll ch ild
dl.ltI•. ",,"celinll womon. Incl mlk·
ing '"""'""' f.miIy p11l11Wll1 _od•
.....otylncl c~ l . oill blo.O
AIric... ....
_
_.---------~
...
..
~*
_ _ .JoI.
Health and populationgrowth
s.,,'lIldly. ""Ql,hin~ basic' ...." 'llh ~
would ha W'a klnjl"-I<''''' "","<1 "" popuIalionlI"O"'lh.
11", I~I po1l<u.illI r.... iJnprovinJ!
~hildnl1',
I...alth and ><aVin ~ dtildn'tl's
Iiv\os io ......arly ~01'tJ"oClm, - so""""",,,,"
I1W ~ h;oj II'd llOf11<'lo'ltl<'Slioo Ih, ,,;';'
dom of 'ltvk>;inJl .....h l<dUliq U'" *'l
;mmun"'I"". ORT, and .nlibiol~ un
tho: ,o:round. lIun in=~ clilld!lUl"'
vival ",u", will m,:rely ",,",,-'fbaI"I"'Il"b1ion prub k:,n.<.
This awn1l111 ill IlOt only \IlIf:lhinl.
11 .. ~tuunrlly mL<Uk<11.
II", "" Un<1hi<a1 ;uwJmt'fI, bl. ..
it impIico ,hat"" """':III"ble reopo u...
til<' Joopula,iun l""blem I. w ,kllbo..,...
.. ~ly "";,hhold basi< bn~fi,. of
- . ' l'n.>:n ,he I'"un ,", (I\W1'' ' rI
'0
the world'.
in ortll'l" Illal II fig.
rI ,hriT m i!rln.'O
.ooukl """tin "" to dl~. U......h a prt'
CO'\lI "''''' aIlow<'tI to
Ihrn l!tt'
1Ilnl1O(k.a ~'tI and .......
Wnab"-' fu'un' w<mld be dc6.'tif':<! lUll
by Illypola.dati"",..pIo,;;"m oreovironm..utal dis.".".. bu' by ......."""P"'-' rI
oiOCan,
~
p""","lB,(:<'
,,,,,,-ani.
,.,,"aiL
,he hunlllll "Pirit.
And 11 is a miSla1rtl1 argumNIt
bl.....,,,· 11 is ""...'tI <>II a ,ni~
of Ib<- rriaIio<t.'<ltip brI"""" rhild
tk:"lh. and ptJpUlaIiou JmJWI1I. 'lllal
1:"":,,,
rd at iou.rup ha>t IlWIj'
001 0\«.
"U 11 ren..:t. til<' ""'lliM Ia<t ,hal a
!\iJmiliI.1lIl1 and sustaint'tI ~ iD
ch ikillrath. i. a1mo;l I"""riably a pn~
rondilion lOr I """ in '""'lt8o«11li~ u...
>od • ,;uSlllint.'tI WI In f<ortilily. ~
0",-' 'U1d1..r1Y1nR aspc<1 of ,hat m.
'iumhip is ,ha"lI<' <lta1h of . mild is
<.>Il"" quidly <VII1IIl ''t! lOr by •
...... prf'gIWltY." r:
in ....... wlwre
!hi' is n<ll Ill<' "",,"<.iouo in",nlion. !he
Ik':llh of an in~, mean. ,hill bn1!il'
ffflliOll "'>l>'. and "";!h iI ,"" muu-.
C<'P!M' l~"'.
boll< 01 ,""....
" ·...on" hiJth clulrl ........ h 111.1"" u....t!y
mt"In thaJ. 0'""" mUdrl'll art' born.
A 9t<'<Jr>d ra...... ot ,ho: rd"ti<>Il,;hjp i.
,hal if OWly rhild.... n <lifo then fW"'IlS
l<'Od 10 in... n'. and oft.....10 O\«.;"",n'.
by hoviOll • b'l.~" numbt-r of ctJjldrnn
,111III t/If'1I lrIually want.~ More
bro:Idly. wl><'''' "'nfido....r'..in mM su"
r.,..
""""tw·
vival rl'Il...u,. low. ~nl' IfId
ni~ ,~nd MI,o PI"l/fl-"'" to the ~
of bui!dIOlllamii..... by <'Uf\lciws pImning.~ l'o'w"...·ly. WNl1 <hikl d,'IfIh
ralt·.lan a nd ,bo.' flo\olio nship beI........'f\
tho: nombtr otbirtl1s andMfl1U11 fm>.
ily <i.e ~ 0""" prcdi<ubk·. f>n..
IIy plannlltl[ btco n~ • 0",", >l~
)lI'tlIXl5itiun..
Many otutl"'" ""'.,. lho: la:;t ......""~
h..~ ~ " " _..a0'tlX Th"l'
ha..... bl'en ...nulled up by the Unill'd
N>lion.l'o\>ul>l;"'o OM"",,, in <>IX'"'-'II'
,,""": "J...p"""", ... ts io ,.i/d "''''I-'t1J.
fit. 15 CIIl1d dlllhu'" iii",,"
~""I«>I_""-.
_
..... aI_"",~--,,,,,,"
_
", ....-IM _
a=- fa "",,,
...
~"'*"
..
_""" ~ - ,,,,
I ~ IIl1ll.1!Bl.... 11l'lI
-'
.-
.~.
riidl i.<mlY 111, pmlkltlbi/i" rj l~'
/tJ...iIJ n i/4;"g P_ . lrigg.., IU 1"'0·
$iii"" frrJm lr<J1It",11D wolrollrd/f'rlr1ily
Irdoaciott.:nu, roncluoiun ""'" olso l'ftllono.'tI
by 1M 1m ·f-.nh S,nnnu!' in Rir>
J""'..... and
d~
by ;1:1 Scn<1ary-{;,,'I\(:ral.
M"urin' !ilmrur- "111.. f6m
~
mI.rt
"ild illoiSS ,,11I/ .m""lrili.. alUl ~
dJ.""v. rj do. WorM
",it fn;
Cltildrt. ill ""rial . 01 a.l1 /i>r its lllrII
""u bl nM ... Q ......... rj.rlP;ng It>
" - ,.""JnliMr ".,,,,,. alUl_ .. po<si.
til. tIll;rQlImtlr'QJI.yIrWnirl4b1.. /kff/np-
rrw.
.so...
......, ,.• III.2 1stU . III" no """od:
Threshold effect
This link hrt""",n .-.during <hild
dl.-aths and n"<!ul."in/: lc.'rtillty k:'{cls has
now .......hctl • t'ritind "';nt. To ......
wh y, it i. """'-*WY 10 look in. IInIe
mun.. detail aI !ht. dilTt-'Il'Ul .togl'll of
1h:I, rtb tionship. As. fij(Un> IS """"""
the t'3J!y "'-"1/<" of d,'Ctin<, in dtikl
"'-'II,h~ oft... "-lillie rlff'CI 00 fmi~
ity. AI Ihi'SlIIgt-. 1 hWl ondcr·m., """.
tality rat ~ a/f~. the ra!<' of JlUllUIa!i" o
llfOVl1h in lWU lvn ,ooi<1ory "")11: ~
OOviouoly. II"" fro-... thild n'f\
5IlMw- 10 ha..... ml!rln..., of their OWn
and. an otht'r thingS brill,ll "'JUII. this
migh, 1<>w<'T p<>pUbrlion llI'U"'Ih 11II,-,"
by I b' ptm.'f\laj[t. poinlS; bu, it al",
(hili ~", ili,y """"'s remain hiI(h.
as i,"",nls rauno, be tt>ttfick'f\1 in ,b<>
........ml of ""-oil' l"ldsting thikltrn: !hi.
teftds to h:wc a mum moI'C I.....
""" oco.'tI cllr.'l" in ~0lI populatlon
1/I'O""h 111.1"" hillh.
II is II the ""Mrqlltl1' SlIIgt! of Ihis
pruo........ whl'f\ und...-.f"", oKlrtality
n",,,,,,,,
•
•
---.......-,.._..,__-..._--.......-..--_ _.....
----110 ... _ _ . _
...... . ....
....
.. . . """
.....
---
.....·an.
"
I"lIk~ 1><'I':in
' 0 fall fro,n aruund 150 p<'I'"
I,OOl H"" bin.h. ' 0 100 prr tOOl and
111<1l to :\0 prr l ,OOO, lhat cont~
.... 1.00, to ,;,.. mo", sharply and fer.
Iilily to fall """" ""'<'ply, ~-~ 16, for
ell""",*" ol...-lhat '" 108 """"I"""
rOT whi<:h the fulures at\' availabJt" COl>Ifa<:qltiw uS<' mIl.... n'fIIaiJI beIQw l.'O'
in 1"- roonll'ieo. w"',n' und/,r·fiVf:
efforts to aring such
benefi ts as
immuniza tion and
antibiotics to all tile
wor/d's children: it
comes from the
failure to do so.
i\fu.'I' !luff ~ of impn-ssi...
prtllIl'..... priOl.ry
orbooI tnrOlmont
primary !<d>ool ,odll<"3tioo fir at
M will be OIl<' of III< ""'"' diIIi<uh
,IlOIlo 10 ""hie...... lI"t wilbou.t pnJll" ''"'
to'.'an h that «O'll ~ will botn<ll<'
incre..u.,:ly difTltUb '0 """'" wilh lhe
11'.: dwk1lj(t'_
The
comes not from
Kirts - by the)"l-ar am
shows lhat who.'R: uodor,lM: moruIil~
r<'Il1lIin hl¢\. 1M Jc'flility rat,
l<'Ild. to romaill aI six, ...-ven, or tip,
binh. Pl.'I' WOtll3ll, It is whc1l child
,hiM fallOl.."ty thaI Ic'l'1ility <!odin""
10 foot, !hn.,<,. ur lWObirth, per woman,
papulation problems
eor.
ood "-1CDbon rat.. have _loll .,..
fallen in many Mrnn and ~ Latin
AnIorican CQIlot';'" in the 1!OOo. On
pn.....1l1tn-'Ild",lho:rd<tn.. ,he ~ 01
1"lIl<~
exacerbating
1he goah thai ho", bH1l ..slobli.'wd
lur lIR· <1ld 0( this ""'wry lndu<k pr0viding prinwy ",boo! <odUl.'atlun for at
Ioasl
of ,'hiIdren _ boll1 ooys ond
mortality ~n . abovc 150_ 1,000.
Only wIle1l child tleath> rail 1><""" 100
dn<... C'Ofltrxt'll'iYe u"" rise 10
SOl: or tllOI'e." Similarly, r.~...", 15
_ urn
Tile real risk of
EDUCATION
~ 0( lI1i. panem,
for
!he po..,datiod diInon$iOn of thr PPE
prol>lo",. is lhat lIlaIll' roonuif:s of Iii.,
d....'C~ world han' aIn.'ady pa-.l
Ihrough lhe =1y ~ ofll1io ~
and ..... po;..d on the II1l'O'Shokl orwhal
could and lIhould be • P1'liod nf rapid
1ort.i~IY dt.,w,.,: ' ntorin" 11101 ~
dc'P'-"H'l' nil a confinu,nK ,Iodine in
UIlCr..r-livt: mortality.
Thio hiSlDricil paU"", is Iikt-ly 10
bKon...
prot>OUlla'd
bc'OlU:!l'. lodJy, >1mool all <"OOnm....
have ..,-ik.'Olab~sl>«l ~ tI01 ~
adt'qual<'ly IWldod, flmily planning
llfOWZIIlI1It.... Fun.hcr gainf; in child
hcahh and 5Ur\'ival (aD Ihc'frli>lt, he
tmnsla1t'<l . more quickly OWl in the
pa<I. hUo rodllction. in fortility.
In ... rn, d<>inl( whaI<an now he <Iono;,
,n improve chlld ",,,,1111 and rodlltt
rhiJd doaill'l'I()U!d tIOI only be • •f·
icalIlodvanoe III ito own righ~ ~ ........ k1
ah;Q be an imponant contribution 10 lhe
1o~1IIl or bin.h rat..... Con"'l'f'llcly, 10
IIII<:rw JlI'llIrelI\I w sIo<'ko'ft ...... would
be u, risk ll"aving many ~
<'llUnme. 00 tho lhreholtl III ...1>lUnliol falls in Ii,ni~l)' wilboul a<Wolly
Ial<inK the plSIoK~
....·n n"""
10 OIho<W<l<'<!o. the real riIIk ofCXI(populalioo prnbIolIlli today
tloc~ "'" CO"",- fro", effort, to brinJl
....m bmdlL< as immunization and
<'I'baIinJI
antibiolics to all t~ WOtkI', ~hildt\'o:
the failw'" l ij do...,.
conl6 from
~
""'SI
lhe Iinh
b,..t"'ffn I'd,...ational
adt'anCl' and .--tvi1\Jl PPE problm1s
""' many. T" l>f1<in will1, <odu<ali<m.
like beallh, bt'1pII,,, Ioooon 'ho.' hold"f
povt'l'ly. Mony "'Ildic.... portinllarly
0 - iniLialcd by III<- World Bank in
""""ot y.-..rs. have tIl'mon>ilral,od this
for,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. ".....
,Iltrt. lo ogrIruklltf'.
ic... in ~\a1oysia. thl' Rt'l'UbOC of K" .
and Thai-laod, and tIIOR' "-'-"'fitly in
RanK~. India. N,opaI, l'IkiOlan,
ood .....,..1 I.-in Amcri<ao """nn'S,
~ ,;huwn that larm.'I'li ...i!h llChooJ.
l<ijt""' IlIOf'\" p;oducriY<' than oirrrilarly
silU.l<od Iarmmo ...... houl cd",...tion,~
Ov<nIL inm>a!lo."8 in Iittr.ltl' Ieuell ood
in primary ""bool """""""" ira", b=l
found to t.. WtongIy "",""",",oil with
I'I\QI'C r.opicl inma..., in 1"'1' capim
incorTIOlI and wiill KfI.'O','r """""",it
<oquat;l)'." (hM!'
!Jaw, sIIowo
that 1b<' rt'tHtOtl1ic ""-urrn< fn>m ;,,',-'lll'
tIIf1lt:< in primary ..:IOOItion e"",-,-,d
""die.,.
111_ of ony oIh....kind 01 ~~
Sot-b rond usin"" ronfum wlIai
romnH)n _ .... lIlJl:Il<.... - illal tI<'1t,.,..
.,j""atro people- ca" particij.. IC n"""
fully in the prtX'\'>IlI<'" of olOlIomizaliOll
and """"""","""", and "'" bl.1tl'!· "bit
to taisoP lhoir <IlVI1 In<on.... and ronlrIb11lc' 10 lIR· .............,; tlowo1<>pml...., of
,ho.'ir natioM
Education and environment
Sl.,-vndly, arhicvinR 0", lION of a bIl:ii<:
l'dncalion fo,- all L. one of Il.e . . -
fundam<rltal PR-'I"<'<l.u.it"" for manag.
i"ll" lhe envin>n"""'tal dim..n"" <>f!he
PeE ..._
~" ''lll ril\ll lunhtl" dmrioratioll of
1M"'doerable ,'rIIfiro1lJnl1l'" in ...roct.
Ihi> ..."OI'1d'. ~ Jl"<llIIe "'" ~
itl,Vy ""o" "llraled I<'iIl "-""ire .. ..;d<
'""II" of inlc""""li<>n.. It I<'iIl """'i.....
rot ewJlll/f'. trade ~bPra!izatlon lnd
in<n _ '<I lirwriaI flo..... t<lhelp diver·
oify cmplor,ne.u <>pp<>rtnn~;"'" II ";U
also "-'<lUiit.' ;nlfl.'Sl""-'Dt ill new melh"'" of ~. and l:tIflt"ially in tloch·
niqul... of O<lil and water ~emetI~
In enablf. the millionJ ",",,0 remaiII ill
ORrirultu'" tn ......... lho.-ir .......'<1$ in .....
tamable woya. 1llC' l""'" """-l ..iU
th'nfon' "'" a mi:Ig rwd for ltaining
andrell1lininlr.for!he~IiooO(
_Kienlili< """"'led!/\': for the intn)dlX'tiotJ 01 ....... ~ '" pQnls and
new war» of (onnin)(; lor !heIIf'O/IIOliIln
of kr>ow\ed.l:<: oboul "",""-,n",,lltal
d."fm' tu lk..lth; (M.. wideninsI: put>
Ii<" ..n";!ivity 10 !hi: vulnl'nbilily and
inlmk.'P<-1Idtnn: '" KflOJ'Slemo: and
for
111
inaftoe ill _ _ "f lho.'
d>oi<c<. a1lc-matM..... and
I""
lonK~erm
con..-q""""" '"
many de.:i""'n$
Ihal mulll ~lly bo: mode .. --;.
C1icll become
mort'
""mllk-... ~;"viroo·
",.,,,tally ooundnl<'lhod. of
ill
'<now\.
than mosI ""n""lltioual
panicular..... 'ffII ,nlJOb
edl-""'int<ll~
(annin ~.
rtl<IIl'
nlelhodo."
AD of liI<"S<: ~.hanli:cs ";u be IlCCCSif cmtironmeIltal 1X'Oblems"'" to
be C'Olk'<l "'ith. ADd all deprnd hea-ily
On ed..calion. Unb. the goal of .. bo.!Ii<
<'dllQ.lioo for all no be rexhed. nlillions '" fX.'OIll<' wiU be den"'<1 know\,'<II/<. d"*". and OPIlOflnnily. rendering Ilk..... 1<....bI<- 10 mo.l<,' informed
deli"",,," about their owtI fu","," and
""" pn'P'lf\'<I to ad.1lJt to the many
clwlgI't; !hallif' ahead.
S>.r)'
Education and population
Fi"""r. Ih<: "P'"Id '" odu"uion ;. 01...,
o(llIt' ""'"' bo.oi< "'k.'vance lei !he lhird
.....nlC'll of 1M PPF. pmbl<m _ •
poroUaIion gr<lI"lh,
In parti<ular. \he ,..Ju<:oUon of girls
ha< been """,,'II In be one /If the flIO$I
~ dd,'l"Jl'lino.nlJ< /If Ierti~ty d«li"","
"""ally
F.du<aled """"""
11m, Il101'1'
opporlunilies, mo<e owarcness
ily pIonning poosibiliti<.'s, lOt! ore mor<'
IiJ«oIy tn diJcu'" IIId 00ridr with \heir
po.rtr><.'n how many <hildrfon tn hive
and w~. They ~ also f1\I>I'e likely tu
many b lc. tn postpone \he linl J'I".'R'
1III1<Y. to Irave more tin.... bt\ ~
binho. and to h:M: 1<._'1' d,ikl"", in
or ram.
Fi.. 1& e...tId- . . .......... t
no_
lr*-fM""'"
_lpoo
Hill
_ _ _ 11 _
_
.. , .
............. l1li ................
•
n,."... ~111.'.:,,, art' particularly 0lI'0nlI'
"""!in,,,,"
1'.,....
if education
lor more lhan
I" 0"" .....dr.
just two or Ihn'<:
<'I>Odu<ted ill I ~ o ( <On".
trieJ, the IVffIge number of cllild."'ll
bum III W<IIlIe>l ..; th "" lIe<OIUIary t:d....
ralioo .... appro>timately ......"" whll<
for """""" '""""" <'du<'aIiod had progmsed 10 lIe<'OIldary ~ the ~
'""" o.pprol<imo.1ely tltJw, - """" all....
I'artnn """h IS in<"ome were talll:" mIG
_c·
•
!he pop.lo.tion nisis ill the immediate
Iiltnl"f'. lhe l'rt'sidfllt o( the I'upu\o.tion
Council M"'ll"-n'l C.tJey<artson.
"""""""IS: on. bi/Igt'SI
is
b o.." IiJ .. o/muJy..
oJJ 1M. >«iaI
o.d """"",it /omIJ ofi"NSIlIo"'" njdl
IliJm Im",,'/J bt/wl......, 1111 Inri of"""·
""liD" offI1/III«'II IIOruts o"r as
or
0.......
I" _
rotWtnL..
"r. UM'OI . ig/t.pttiUry IfOIIitU>.41
wdmn. ........ II!I<D
rmttp/,Itd
0';""''' "1OHi o"d oboff 100,,. do "r
1/1", </Iild"", kif ro\o" IUi.,, ~
or OIIJd1mltl] $(~ (/ fa 3 J'(111J
""'''I'''1J<1.... n .. ~ rnJ.mu", '"
0\0,,,,
_n'lol/trtili/J;, IiUttlIo <k/gytd ...,,"
riag•• tffmi... rolI1nurpti.. ......
placjbiy. 1/1, . ig/tw ~ /WJu UId b,
td", Qu d
do';, </IilJ.......
"A lirl toil. Sffl>lIdtl" ""'rol"", f)Jf>i{flu, ""'rrin QI 21. A lin toir. Nfl"'
au.
_.mlut
"'tr"
_ rri.. Qt 17. q I~ ...
"# _
rJd>o/. IJI"" ""' ''Id ", dflu 10 1 M/w.
frwr of .. /H1I" Q
'" pWatI rtfl rlwJ
~JIilM;IJ, -
Dropout rates
tM.'f' lhe I:Istthree decadeo. the deYeI.
~ 'O'llIid has mocIe mormon.
,
·" •, • ,,
"
•
~
1~ 1y.
1M ftomale edUCllion
facIoris <.'OIlting lUbe ......... as.. k,oy 10
tho! popu.1IIlioa iM;ue. Ad<Iressini !he
qOl'5lion of _
""" t... doac to def\n;to
,
.
tolal.~
~
,
,
,.
_-----........_.._-_..
---
As \he
m<ld
, me<s ill •• Cgnd
de'ode oIligtrting !hl AIDS op;.
d...... thl re?O'lJ !ruin !hi Ironl
.r.
bleat. In evllil A1nttn cOllnlries
AIDS i. O'Ie/Ull:ing ........ end
mIla"••• I l..d;ng kiI~ 01 cPlidren.
and hard-won geinsin IndUCing c~
mortalily III being '""","Id .
In lotll, !hi Worlcl HI.1lIl O,gl rilotion IW!lO) estimate. lIIlIl over 13
million iHO\lI., 1 ..... ian of _
' JW.
"''''- 110.. bet_ inllcle<l wiI1l HIY.
ll'te r 2 million M•• died.
In ..b·S.",,"" Alric. IboUl ....
in «I i. inf'tIOd _
lilY. I nd in
"""" co. !hi '111 i$ on.,n Ihru: in
""uII
TMiIIond 1111 tlla il l in 50. 0". in ,..,
__ ;"lecl'onsoccurl in ..... end by
!hi QflO 01 !hi "lUlie, f cur,em
ultld. Con1inUI. moll AsiI.. min
Alri<lns wiIIlHI inttcted • • ,h
"'J!
V-".
Ill' 11111 lim, II
Jl miIion Idultt
ond chilcktn will be lilY i1tOt le<!: 1111
101 01 AIDS d•• th, M'Y go 0$ ~h I I
1.8 million I VIII,
Most 011111" dellll , wil lie ill !hi
domopinQ world. I nd moSl will 1HI
_mt.
_
and chiillnn, me. lhI rli' 01
r.t o","," in
iI rising SI• • pty, A
chikl born to I n H1V"'fw,!ed IIlOlhor
11'1.1 -;"·3 chine. 01 being bomwith
Ill. oil. .. Such ,,,"",e. hi .... on 8O'Jlo
chlne l 01 cfVjng lly !hi Ig. 01 Ii¥L
Tho.. ~t1<l d\t lnItclioO'l itseIf ,r" 1
,;ok blel "" oIlhtir po,..,a' lft.otmty
La CIII for lIlolft. WHO ISIimtlll thot
Ihtrl wiI bo 10 miIion clIiI6ren on
!Mil own in Ame. by Ill. trod 01 tho
dleld, _ orphontel. Ibln<loned 01
'"""'"1'0. ............
l>l. in tt>eir lur1I t.
HlV lnl.cllOl1 "dlt'/ ttQ \0 ..... . n tilt
w_
8y stril<ini people during 1htir
moO! procI,clivll y" <1 - .boul IYflI
1hirdl 01 11l... inl.<1. d " . 1IfIOl" 25/liDS il ,.bbinl nllions II .... nas
Ilm illu olllltir Ibl.-boditd Wll<\1I"
In Molawi, lor tllirnplo, wiIIl CII'II 01
I!II worIcI'l his!,,"11 incidlnCII of
AIDS, 1111 ;"Coml loll Ilfell!y
Imounts 10 """ 011111 nll!o<>'l I ' ' ''
domlotic pro<l""~ I pt<I""nion wtlich
is du" III d."tlle and l*hal'$ I1Yl'n
uiplo by 1111 y..' 2000. A fillh 011111
C ' - - I huhll bud~ il tI~ on
up by /liDS n lltl'lonlTIHr chine.. 01 d."IIopInl .n
efl.clivo ••ocino wilhin
fImI inlpoollllllVl, 1'1>0 bll11lopolin
in ",1'fOnIion. ",,",,11iIy by pu!Ilic
lIoMtl lduCl litn In almoO! I I oounuiK, 1""11""""" f.. IlIDS _ "n-
Ill."""I.
lion If. irIc,"Jinglv m<>biIirino
"~
"",sibil IlSOllf•• 10/ ' "I 'PIinoj !hi
p<>bIic, lIII """ , protr''''''''' ill ...
Idut Ilion "'" stll-,Sl!'lfl'l1O/ pritnl"
. choOl Cllikllln . "" thor po,tnt> ~I
_ ~ ltIrough rno
JChaoI' 'ncl coUIg.S; I IIClni Mini1Uy . , HI.m. SUIYIV I""nd 1I1a1""
6Ollo 01 lII.ndln, ,.,... _
"AIDS is s.pr9ild. MOSl nil1ions III
using I combmtion .1.0...... "'.-
He,"",,,
gil"""" Incl ml..
_;0- irlclllllin'l
lolvvision. 'il<!io. llId po~" music
, ,,,, !hlllrl,
RoIUbs hi • • boIn fIIi>:'• • tIul !hll'
signs 01 IIofIe IS Il/lIritnce it
Tho u.. 01 condoms hit rison
lhI ""bIic: hIS b..n
iIrIarrn.d: in ThIila nd, for ...mjIIt,
III
~ ..,
wh,,_,
condom <lSI hu ne ll. ... I<om \0
milion 10 13) ' " I \'I", And ill
cClt.W'lUits which ~... ,CliYtIy
1",,",111 . . . .. lIIucarion lor I!II
youngll goMillion, young peop," "'
beginninl III I dOfll safo' 1IXlI.1
bIhI ....... nelucling ,orIl1Cing !til
n""d", 01
UI!f'lrtnlfl. O
"'ti,...
rdU<'alional!'lri<lo's. 1\""" 11>OUg\11otal
nund'
<>f '""""'~ <hi~ ,10i>"
bk,l '00.1 ", 1960 and 19''''. Ill<- proI",n;"" c'IIn,llk<l in primary ""hO<ll hal<
<limbo<! f,om und...- IWf10 "",n: than
1M.", tj\I3I1
.
In 100aL 1M 9l]l; of ,""ildr«l in Ih<~k>I"l1j( ",orId ""'" 0l3I1 II<"hooI sh<J...in~ WI !he in!'lilUliona1 caj>acily
and lho.. iniUal nl<llM.lioo 3ln'>ldy <."lliol
for 1M ""~1 <>f n.....-...n;-.../
I'rinl:l1}' ,<lU<.uion. flul in IlUIlJ' CIlUJllric.. Ih.: poor quolily III Ii>< l'dU<2lion
on orr,,,.. ,...,n,bin,<I " ; 111 6m~c<I job
lJIIP'lrtuni~and Ih~ "','(\ forchildn.'11
W help thrir fantili<>o in (.,Id. and
home... """"'" thallarglo nornbfn dmp
001 of:l<llool bclort- <OOljlItting """"
one' or I"'" Y'...... In ~lh A<ia and
S",uh Iunc...io:a. for c"""lJlk<. lMI\' than
!l5ll.of dlihfnon ...-.roI in P f 1 of pri-
lnary ..."11ooI. bill ""ly abOlll SOl' ,"",h
m.-
l(r"lldc 5 (Ii$(.
~ JlI"'Ol~ ,-d~
lional ~y fur II><' 19'ilOo is I~
In """",,-·thOl all thi\oirf'n 0<11 onJy.. an
..,hon! bul n-main 11><."" k>nlI <'IIOll,lth
to ;o;qu,,,, IiItn<)'. nunlmlC)'. and
bo$i<" 0lti""1.,, ond lIl<illo whirh will
b<'\p tl,,:m I" 1mpnM" Ihrir rin....,nl>l3n<f'S and I" '''IX" wi!h l/>(' """'y
~lhaIli<'lh<
·ol'J.
AI Ih~ n"""""~ in spill' 01 lonnal
",,,,,,,,n,,,,,,,\!< by j!<WmUI...... I.. nmuS!
be gjd thallhis wk is kin): ~n lOll
61110- l>riorily. In ""''''. "".mlri<-f, an
...........'talioo l<rnnl. ""U<:ltion (.,.- all
is bo.'l(innil1l':. but in n1ll'Jl nlrions lhe
"'~nl 01 Ihi.
Koa! 1o‫ס‬i<.
unlikMy. InnW)" ",I_ion. I"" 111<lO<l
irnllo'UlIl inVl:lllm~m of alL is 01 ~
""'''''''111 d ai,nill,l(""ly a ","aIllX'fl"'-'lll~ 01 J/(IVf'rIUII<'II oo<W-l" in u...
dc""'k>pi11j( ,,"<IfId ilfld only abool of
all aid I« """'Iopol"""~
EVl'fI if lhe ""1010 ........""'" <WI bo'
round. Ihrou)l:h .-rooomi<" J8'l"th. or
Ih.: n'Slrul"lurifq( olll.1lionol bud;:cts.
or int.n.....'" in aid. t~ lo5;k will 0<11 be
a
"""y. 1M tl...
<'X~
01
~
rogular ""ppon and SUI'"""-.on of
I<'a<her perI<>m~, smaU oehooI
ul\jl~
c-Iose '"
~ eommurnlie!<
!lm-ed:
low <O;>il.ol """,a of 0<11oo1 ooildinJr.<
""ive in""""'."..,nl of e<>n1n,un;lic...and
p;H""1S; r>ltovanl basic runieula Irl'o
...."Ird in on interestinj[ way, ""hooI
<aJ.ndan< and IimM.obko. lhaIlm inl<>
I "'- .__
Fig. 11 _
" school. .
__...
"'''''_of'''~
_ ....-.c."'""",
n~
~
__,
orcounl lilt.· SI-'"""n.:1.i do.'III3I1ds for
ehild...... 10 help in awi<ulIuc.; and Ii><
oj locai """"¥",,,""mt... toI
""PI"'"
orp;aniuttions.
Tho diffl(."lJllic.. of rmd;IIJl and C21'ry '
inJr Ib~ !he ~I n,b: of Slnt'1/ies
ae""",,, unlv<-rsal prinwy edue31ion
in .he 1990s.,.., """""""" BUI ... ....,
lb<'
of 1aiIu",. Ae~
the goalof • btiio.: ,<I","t1ion lor all chi1d....., would 1It.4p 10 .....-ak<.-nIIlt.·1(rip"I
all of Ii>< main pn>Ugo~ in !ht..
PI'F. ;.pi.,.) _ eonln"butin): It>
III
""""''<I'' "' ' ' '
"""""",ie
~ lor the poor. gn'"'''' COi*-"ily
10 n....,ood '0 and deal with <-nvin>rl.......tol ~",.. and lhe .s.nv.:r
gn>\'1h and .'Orlit'r !Ubilialion of
population..
FAMILYPlANNING
Tho btiio.: human goal. /or 11K· Y"ar
2(0) also inelude the malcmg a>-a;1abIe
of family plonnin,ll infonnalionand !M"f'
vim. lU oil who ......., them _ with d....
"'"P"<"IIO r-adI COWluy'. cuhllrol . ",IiIfiou.. and >iOCW tro<Won..
,,'" im~ of !hi,< goal fur
n~ 1lI111("f'PE ~,isobvi­
"". in .hal 1<.......... birlhll ....-an """"'...
I'0!'ulalion growIh and n-d""",",, c-nvimruneIltal 0ln"lIll. !luI iI is less aidely
ajl\lI"l. ."iIII,'<! thAI fanlily planning m
also brio)( oi,ocnifi<1Onl inlj>R;lll<""""la in
1>«oI!h. Sl1I"\'ivoL nulrit;on. ",Iunttion.
and the oualil}' oflile for both ol<>lben<
and dlildn-n
(~
t3 and 19). II L.
ther!'lln one nf tile moSI p,n"<.>fful
""'""" of breokin,o: inlo1"" arne'Wa",.
of 1hc PPE Sl'iroI. and lIt.-lpinj[ 10 ....",.
~ !he l'<M-'l"1y ",lIie"" iM'< Ilu.I spiroI
<OUIllri<'o IWfT """"I '"'" has "","""
lhal IU""I ~ ..'" ....n br mad" and "" ..
taino.<1 al an aII...-dab.. 00l'l. n.. prin.
I,. in,priU"
<ipol elem<nlO of tilt..... """""-"'SI
Slral'>gic","PI"'"' '0 t..: !he """ <>f para--
of rt'Cf'nl ""h"""""",,~ In only Ibn.",
dl'l-...les, 1M proponion o( onarril'd
t<'OChc'N in pn."",hoo~ iUld primary
",""",,10: """" """,her""';oill,l( ptriodo;
"'"""'" in lho.' d'-"'.-lopjng wor\d who
on' using """'" IOrm 0( onodem family
As ...uh edue31ion. the fa,nily pIaonin ~ guaI should lx' ...", n in lheeoolo'x1
---- ---'-'--"
n ;"<Jlum" propo<tioo of chi·
<Ir.. in th. worId'. ,;eMil n.ti""
." in uoubl.. Y.11iIe ""'""Too's oe..•
IlIIII' grew bV I ~l!lIly 2D'5 in 111,
19l1Os....... , ..... fIIOI. MIttie••
child". I.. 0>1. ~.rty. In !WI. ....
in m. I'OI'''lI Slers .-1iI'1I below !III
P/l'>'t'rtI' ..... - . ..,. !Wi•• til.. oI."Y
~ industriotind country.
Od1tf soc,"1 malh,. dllCu...m !h.
doc..... C!'.;ld ;..,.""jllti"" h.1 f .
II low .. ID1IO in cenoin ''''' ity
.,...; in I!IowoJlom he.........,. <:mil'
BalM. IIld IIIi1i hid !owl, _ ..
A
,0Lls. "'...nLlblo ........ bf gl n \/I
rise: ~ INn S5,OOl OIal$lu eeses
__ "POrted from 198'9 to 1991 ,
....Iuding &I <II",," - !IIlI htghoSl
"umbo, in 1WII decade'!_
Reponed child l buso . ..... 11$0
Ifi~ <IuriI>i I!Io 1911Os; . Ooul lhrw
c!likI'", now dit Ileh d' 1 or ml~
IIl1tmtnt D ~ \he GOVlInnt,,(.
Il"'J<h·p".,.,cilid ", or ..,
SlJb-
""'III.
WO(I abuse .lId rtlated crime spi-
,n
..Utd lJI'WIrdo; '~ l.d 375JdJ
~ .• xposed intanl. includ ing ',,"ek
blIbies' ...o born I.eh \'1111. ViokInco
stitt. 111"11 and """""': :JI% 01
"",or'cily chilcl. ... h... known ..""..
lHII
tileG by th. time 1I'I"Y . ,.
VO'" old. Tad.y. 31 "
1~
ollhl_I...
fornili.. wiIh Children, up from
, r,
m , on lhe u rly 19l1lls.
Some 01 tho <hinges IffICIing
Amlncln child". os lilt
""I IJI rise in lingl. p. rlntMod _ . ,.
beyo<1d till lmmedilll roleh 01 gl><, nunorrl. But poI;,; iu to lTVDglllrht
rfleclI II.... go"","~ bt•• inldoqu.... _ .. \II providt • u !"'Y nO!
lor child_ WoIIor. P'~_I
_ . cLII bock du~ !hi 19BOI,
including !hi Pfogrlmmt 1.. Aid 10
fl",ii.. ...mtl OIjll!lllln1 ChiIcIrln.
MQrI IIIln l.1 n'IIioIl '"ngll.pl ,....
llmii1l ...,. 1IU1!ltd b,1ow !hi
p<Nll1'I lino du"'IJ lhl <It"d"
RI,"I inl quilil. IUI lin Wlnt
rna<tllity, for """",pll, is B ?Of 1.000
lIinhs in whirl A.meficl; lollu infl nt
"'o<uOry is rUlllli'>ll It IB Pel 1.000 tvgh" Ih'n in Colli 01 Poland, "We
""cI1
orl in d'r/9", of b«oming rwo
Mfion. - """ of tint _
prMWfIo
I ud IllIlfiIIt '" INtd W{>t/d
<Io!NW"
~ - ~ms
Ml riln Wright Edormll\,
tlt td <>1lho tlWd,on'l O,ft<>so Fund.
MI "V 01 !hi poIi<v objoClim; 01
!hi CIimoo Admir'isI'I1JOII, including
!hi Pllsidlnt'. slIlod ImtIition 10
11M I I 'ImiI... with I woRing ~, .
ent OUI 01 p<MIl1'I, pginI t. I new dell
for Am"ri,"n
lJninfsl l
hllllh o""lrl g.. lor . ..",pII. Wl)UI(I
bmg its greilul beneliU 10 the esti...1Id B million ,!'WId,.n wiIhoIII
tltollh
Theh milv 000 Medi, allo... .6J:~
,_on.
C'".
blnc:kod and .... ~.ned by !hi pist
two AdrnirMsttlliClns, .... quiokly
signlll into IlW_ AJthough • 60K nOi
opproo , h Ihe .. . odords ot ... nyEIIfO'
Plln ,ountr;. s, • glints up 10 12
weeks 01 """,id IIIV1 10 OOf. lor
ntwbclms or sic: ~ ,oIl1iYo. and will
.... Ih. ptISS"'. on ""OW Arneno.n
t.rniIi. ..
Prosid"" Clinton hIS l iso
<ltd. 'ed Ihlt inununinIion is . hgMt.. II ohild,... _ -lit. olron ""rlt
Iud o~ln lit: Co"ll'1SS hIS 1lI0·
ot ted " " "Si d lunding to .. p. nd
!hi
""don', ,,"oelllilion ~',","",
. nO hi S o<tld in lIJll(>Otl oltho P,. ";"
dem', "'.......110 boos! H. 1d Stir\,
_ 01 !hi mast """'tsslul .hlcl <ItwIopm"'IIlfO'i'~' in US lIislory,
In his Idll,...- 10 Ih. UMtd
Notion. GO".III ~S O "'b¥ in Stet.",·
bet 1993. !hi ....._
oIso"I"'i' <>1 1
..... <onurrdrntm 10 !hi worId'. eN!rlrorr. "Just I S """ """ nllinn hos
/IImc"-d now" , - I\>.,.."'. lIlol
.....,. child in AmIrie. hiS ~to
hlMth coro. ... ""'It do """. 10 ~
lulie _.inoslt/d fl(/II(l1roqr"nrs
lot cUI11M _ . . . 10 childf lfl
I/flUfIdlIlo MJTId, If. !hi
_
...., ..., ......:0
"'fl""'fl·
pIanninx
""-ihod IlllS in.:n.,.,;cd fmm
l~
tu abuul SOl. This i. OIl
,'>rtn!onlilWY <I<monstnlion 1II Ill<" txt
full<bm<'nl.Ol and Luxt.~1r
<han~ in hun"", . ltiluMo Il>d ~!IIv­
Ix- brou~hl .boul within . "'~
Ili....>fy sIwrt wan' of ~iP"1.
-r. 111. rarlJ 1961JJ; writ. Jolul
aboul
1....
iau",..,
lWwkoy ond llaUd.., M.ld..... of I""
Inl.mlaliunal l'I2IJlltd l'arrnlhood
F<:dmlio<l. ·/'I8.lliao IS ..iII;"o "",.
pin 10 111. d" ,rI<>#., ....rid ..uiIk
0/" I&t" .u;Q «mlrtlrtpliDo. TodIlJ,
14'" 38i!.. 11U~o _pin ,'. IM_k>p.I., ,.."rid ~" lali.., dla'J'
Jrr.
lill/1 - Of'ff Aal! qf aU rtJIIp/I$ i.
(/lllif.l>Nri., yta1S.
on,," if _ ... d<>dl,;",/ IA~ It'Orid
if i. 1",lI$il/(/f/. S«'ial aod drItwt/rofibk.
IV.art •• 111• ...., /() ""'h'''I{ a IIIOrid j.
"",o.IIII!·, ~o"... i. rtdlUi.,
d"'li ",In iJ ..ald",1 b1 a "'ON
I~"",nlsfr""', Arall.i#, ptaurd birllo~
SltdI a trorld wi br (/f/~ i. riie.
Ira.... a ~t fa n1It'
Iro/ 1lIn• • "'" /trliliry. o:ilJ
die. """""<li",
if a
"'Wi. t"
inj; le'Ytb of f<-mal!' rdu<1llio<l, fallin.<:
child
'h ...,.... and in<ml.'<inK
isIrorno. "'" the main fun..... "hich
. :ad ~ to " -""I I"""" ..ilildrcn.
Fllllily pWlIIin/( ...'IYi<n ....,... ",:'Oplr:
tu••",m llelhlol c",*", """'" ~allily. and
tho.' av:tilabi5lY "f lRI<h ....'IYi<n can
""'r.,(nr. IIdp to ""'~ qnJck1y lRJI"
lou.. ~ cin,.IlISla1l<...... and a l l~
lude! inlO Iuwcr fcnmly mrs," so
,ninlnti<ln~ !he rinK'1aIr bcro...~..
~ olcath rIl'" and laIIin~ birth
"'~
l~", ond llcahh Surwyo"
h>.'" ~ lh1l u....., .. $1m • ""roy
hi¥b It:v<i uf unrnCI d<-IlIand k>r r.ntily
planning in olmos! all dl......... >Pinlt roun1m.. (fig. l!Ol, At any on. lim<'. fur
. ....'Illr. lh"'" oro an ,'SlinIllL-d lal
ntilliCH> _ n in !hi! ~~ world
wlIo do lIOI WIllI another ~
bul whu """" no ......~ 10 OIl clr<'<.'tM:
nll1h<Hl of <OrI,~ II:< • n..,.. k.
It Irasl """ I'frgnanq' in liw in the
~ world is unplam><d and
unwanl,..d....
II is nnw 'fI'itkly l\'COgrIila.d !hal ,;".
"'-'<.'<k-d trl make fImi1y planningV""""
ally avaiIabl,· by lht etHl of this drcadc
woukl be ~lIUIlt'I)' S3billion to $5
billion.)'I'Ir - ~hly a dooblis1g of
I'",,""t .p,nd in ~ _ " Tnday'. lantily
plannin)( ""'' ''"''''' """",nl for bs!han
h.alfof 1'4 of("'1-,",n.,nt budgCl' in lhe
~",,"JIJl workl. and 1M« !han L~ of
all aid frum RO"t'l'JlnK..a in tho.. indus.
lrialiud wnrId,'" In 1'l"aIlmn.. . inl......
liona! support fur family planoiOJ[
~ IlllS not ~ for~
nlllo:1y :!O y,-an, t/louj:h tllcrcis llOIl'l'
......... ~"""" lU "" d"..." from the
bet lllIl 1M Unit<>d SW... has nuw
.... ~ .... d its pc>Il<in oIihe 19aOll and i.
on", """" SOIpportinR ihe riforu or
In' FPA. the wur\d', le-adislJl int....."..
tinnll ~n<y for lanlily planning.·
II IN 0.' I.
_I'"""
..11InJIl1 "'" aod """'TO. h o:illilta
KV>FU ri'" />'Ip.I4Ni>o ,_1* "'Iff ..
.",w.
""'u'
,.rI .
I'M. alii! ....""'....Ial
p,...,..,. ri/dl IuIp
pr.pr!O(Ilt trlJ>.S
dispGrilits of 1C'tn1tJ. aod J-#rl1 alii!
rlirllltad In ",.II. o/1lK dtunI<tI... of
IAI 'l/>nelJAip i. riitA,... m",,{: '!'ha' \rlJl<llioo "' noI ycI COO\~.
rat.. hi"" bo.:.on follin)( in
I'<.'Itioru< of the ~1opi1Ul' world ~
1m , and !he Laleol su~. ronli""
Ihal k.,.,i1ity has 0100 now bo.'l(\In lu /aU
in ""l>&IW1UI Afri<a (pan<,l 12). Iiul
""nlrat)' lu lhe ""pc<1Ition. of n""'y,
lb<· \\'or\d l'<'l'tility s..r...y" and the
F,.,.,mty
..
Ii••
a...1 on. os!; _
..
1_
fivo lor
~....,""'
cbI<I ......... 1·Jl"'..' ......
"
"
World" ofdifference
n_
...."',.. ,,,,,,,,*,,,,
fa
"
Taken tow.1hcr. lhe imp"wem.n' of
child ....nivaI. h~allh, rdlK'lliun. and
famiJ)' pIanninf: ~ roukI have a
rlecioiYo: in\p;ocI un lhe PPE problem in
the jIl.oars aMId. To pot owro><imol(>
JiKun:. on 0\8.1 lmp:acl, noarhing all of
~ goal. <wkI make lht ~
bel......... world popuLation which _
biIizrs abool a ~twy from now II •
lc-yd '" ~te1y 10 billion 1"-""
p1r, and a world populalian " hich _
bilia"$ h:df a = Iury Ial.... II a lllla! '"
around 20 b~Ii<>n .''' Thi. dif!~ _
rooJIhly "'qUM""'lto dooblr 1b<" .. lire
\lOIlUlalion 0I100....-ld in 1!l93 - may
11'<.'11 be suffi<ic.-nllo .... """i... """"-...
01' failure in ~ the lRJIsition 10
....!ll<ilnablc lulUA'.
All or thi. Slantls in almt>l'Il absurd
ronlraol to lht .. nail,..... uI ,he
ri"'"
_ "","",,,_01._ -01
fig. II S""c.
lIdiIIiloo rbl; ol tII'<'l - . "'" ogo
f\"$OO~ ~ired. 11\1 ""Ira
•
_-. - - -_
--_
_......__--..--.
~
"
"
_M' _ _
- ...--
amounl
"
11,. 19 MoIII.... .... - .
II ill 10(1 oar1y '" ""l' """-111<.". ~OY­
""' .. """ - . ~ IgI 01
_
M '"
~.-
on. nil. to""" 011_'-" is
8_
:10-34",,,, ....,
" r-w•
.,
thr inlmlational ",..".
n,,,nily will ""mmun the"'"""""'" and
lho.. ,,,,,,nulnk'" 10 r'l'acl! lh/, fOlluly
plannins: J:{laI. Ru, ~ is nOl '00 <Wi)' 10
to""lu,k, that failu'" 10 ~d ad/:'lUllldy to such Ollobvious. crnciaI. ""d
afI'ord.1bk-100-1";11 be • d-ar siJm !hal
Jl!'-'l;<"t politic:lI ~""'" ""d in;.tit"·
l1'1l1ll<,,11l 3Il d
lions .... "'"
<-quo!
~,
tlk' wJr. of 11......
Illinlt: thr lftIllmlSition.
"
"
'~
..-
_
--_.-
- --..--"'
---'"
.....
_.,--
i",,,,,,,,,,,_,
~
health and nUlntion. basi< ""uraion.
and family planning ~ from lbe point of
,w,w ot tlKir individual impacl. on tbe
probk'lllS ofP\M.'1"ly. popul:llion J(I'tIw!h
and mvironmo."tal ~.".;"",'""'. Bul
io'" It<tMr.- ill. <It.·••lnK1'''''~"'"
IIl1011.ll ""~ ~I~ of ,'''' m: sp;.
..... .., ' hmo "' "htn ..'t>n0\n&<1i.....yn~ bt1......." the dilk'reftl rk"",,,1S
wh~'h rontribule to ill .oiIniun.
1"'" rife"-1 vi" l<'hicYinJl alJ ot ilk·
bL"", h"man fOOls wh,,'lI haw t-n
l.'>t:Ib/ishtod WlllIId th.....ton.· be ll\lIIIy
tim,:. gn":3k'" lhao u.. SUm of lho.'ir
indMdu.ol ","*:que"",,'" Ar<I ~ is Ihi.
~M1 or ~tiorw. 'O'hictl oIJe....
hopr that ilk' achie"""""'" ot such
R<>al.... along wilh Ilk, many other
eh..."... lhaI "'" II<"-"'SlIaI)'. will r'f'\X'I"
JlOWI-'l'fu1 "1I<lIlJ(fI to
m;d<c • siJ(n:fi<1II11 ~ to the
human ""l<O~.
"".t • """""",, "
111e diagram on P"l(" ~9 """"'...
ria.. thr m.... obriou. of lbeoe $)'IleI"-
v.m..
M""y <If ib<. rel. tionships
Kl. ... ralIy h~"hh irr ",,,I bt111". """I"-
O<hrd. Il<:Ilu oUln,iooal
hh n-..
lid".,. ,,-1um, lromin n"'I1's in t lIu·
<3Iioo. M atI~ hu,,",,-t1s of oli1lioo. of
t'hiJ,i...,o "'" <101 bt'"" liting In"n
nlud, "" tl..-y should
b<mu... m.lnoltition alk'l1' nlrll1.1
So fAr. thi. """"".,. haslMk<'d Ol thn'l"
of l""en1W
afu,.. tlk' YOUfljl<1"l:"'
I I Thr rhih1rl'n "hm.lk" f;;a",iliH .....
,chllol;uR ""
SYNEI(GISMS
~
ing a <maI ~". nombo.,. of ~hildtm ""d
arI' J<>,o,
siblitlJr.l and
Jt..s!l ",-~-d for !ho.' nkk """" 10 Inok
be"..""" tilt,,",
~
<k'pkt. Il'!'. ill tlfl'<\, UpwarU "IliraI_ "f
11ll· kind which can multiply _ raJ
link" """. thr impart n/ the oriJ(inal
imJll'O"lllll'l1~ FQI' mmple:
U Famlly planning ;o. ma,jortonnibu·
t Ql' to Iowrr U~lW monality rale'S:
IlO"'.,..fiv<o moruJil}' ",t05 ...., •
mo,inr co.'tibuto, '" i"".....-l ,k-mand
for family planning;"
I I F..dOClllion. panirulat\y ot women.
n...... lhal birth.
lik ~ly to be 10,,....1'
and b<':I~ opaco:d: N l ' " fami,"",
Iu",.,.
=
mean that dilld....... "'" mo", Iil<eIy to
beroo '" oourat"" (bnlh ~ lhrir
"""-,,,. CollI alfurtI t/k. """'. n/ ,""U<3l·
dt""inpln"llI. or Ik'..n...· iudi".. tlef~
ric...., ."..,.". lhaI tlll')' an:nUtd<'<l <If
boocau.. • poor nutritional ""allh ""-'II/),
PO"' """""'t""ion. ur be..,. .,,,,,, f,.,..
QlIt'!1' illIk~ nk....' that . ,.;,;ni fK"lllI
pcrrcn~
or !l<'tl<x>I da)o< .... misoed
a/I"11'
""'' '
II Sintil:uly. b!o1,,'!" """'-",lion helps 1<1
m><>rc 1k1lt.,. ""oI lb. NIll unly"'" edu·
ca,,,\ fanul,," Iikrly '" absorb ""'"'
h<oallh knowl.<lg<· """ br '1ll>re III'lIn'
ort1,~
i'''""""""" 0/ h~ aJKI pn.~
"",,1M: Ik-alth o ~"", they ha...
aho breu .<huIo'll 10 be' nnlCh nl<In'
liktly to drnund and 10 uS<' priYalt' or
publi<' Ik';l(lh """"-"......
Taken l~. ,''''''' ntu,lI2IIy
rrinr""i:IJ( n·la1innohh.. . ·ad 10
'mailer r.mi!;"'" and b<-al1hlt'1. !k'I1..,..
'-"<1""",'<1 ,'lIiMn'll .lhi. in tum ""-'II/)_
lhaI thew d1ik1tt'n .", bt,lle< .b\<' '"
""'JlOIId 10 "'"" <IJII>Ot1nnitk" aIId 'u
''''''' " IiviI\Jl for !he"""·"",,, and tlk';r
own famil~ ... SO thallhritown chilol""
"'" ..... liI<t'ly 1<1 ""joy lk10.,. nUlrilinn.
)....JU,.•"d ,11",..,",". Thi. ""lIOII.
<")'lie' has <km<>rIoInol<'d It. """'.,. in
...rn d""""" ""';'1it." as Ch~ tlk'
Ikpublit' of Kot'l'a, Sri l~ and
Taiwan . AnJ "" flJ(lln ' ~ l ~ tllf
''''''ntrios and ~ ...hidJ II""" ......
<>rity In "".....in......l1J<'fl.. in pt1>pk. in
!ho.' 195Ol!1fH! l!J&ls ha... ~ in
oon ,ro ll ;n ~ pnpulaliun grov.1h. ond ..ill
.......,uaI/y S1abiiize ilk... 1IUJIlliaiiorn< .,
much \010..... k"'-ls lh.m would atm'!".
..n... ha.... t-n tl'" """".
n..".., and
,,-inrvnillJ(
ilk' nWlY other 't1ulually
,.tIe<:t. 01 reachillJ( ba!;ir
hllltlln gOal. huld ..... "Ia; hupc lhal an
upward "'ntl ran ~ ..,b!lIilUI...1 ror
lilt' downWlll"<l. i\Ion,lI " ith lhe m,.<iOll
of wi<k".
uppnrlunitirs, It
II; bW~I""'" in ..-hi"ll bal;ir
'1'l1lJ\uynk.",
THE UPWARD SP IRAL
._--_..0
•_ _
, _ , _ ...
_
.-- - --- -----~--
__
.._--------
.
.. _...
._
-_
..----.... --_ ...
--_.-
-
.-...__._ .. _....-
..
........
_----_.. _e'
_
~
_
_
._
-----_
.....
-_
.._.._---_--._
_--_.... _-...
-_.-
_. -._._---
---__._-
.
PR OGR ESS AGAI NST PPE PROBLEMS
(POVERTY, POPULATION GROWTH, EN VIRONMENTA L STR ESS)
--_
._
_
--. . ..flt.lI
u-ol ......
0:::..
~
•
••
..
.
•
"
'"
•
,,011« . ... .........
'D-
...... _ , '. -w.
",.RlCA
of w ~ ~ _ ~
~:"*min,,d lIuou.lIl IIIl tltn.
... of u..
lnl .... uot<l in tlUs report - P'J¥<.'tfY•
pupulalion. 0IId e1Ivln lllm,""t - lilt
1lMil..... of A/rio:a "<aU'" for III! 1"'-':11,
~~ .
Ec_ _ allr. Nrir'I """ btpa 1lid-
... lak_.ds iIIIo puonl)'. III 11M19l1Oo. ira (Ill' npila C"1' d« ...d by
_-----_--...
---_
..__
...
_-----_.
...
~ "--
~
em""'.
1looft , "
rtporI:
_ .-.a: ....,
'" • • iiiIIi, "
bt-.:
*"
~.
~ . ._IO DotlbP- ..........
Ie ......."blt 10. _ .... lbil rnitw
aImoIl
PIP""tr, IIfrita
haa ... btrIooI lbt a m i ( .b' u.. _
II:tTilR
ot"'d.i
D
Ilil
=: " ,,",1K4 ill., 2 lf l!lil
_
..-iIhouI. IIJI"C.iol .......... of thco
probIcms of... b&barIa Atrn.
"1
.-'II lor
As wftI at \hot
...... and _
Imd; lr'DpiaIt fuml:
--..,..d ........ ot 5
~
•
,
.. ~ I "
"
•
,
u.. boot ""-a
............. lbaI
of '.... ' UIbtPPE .....
I\olliaI: doto __
of
of. _ _
............. doto brtI . . Ibr
l!l!!lOo
...,... .. Z '
• 1'"1", ImQ: the ~
ciIlota " ·1j 'If -..- by ee .......
oIlbt
Ia
220 .....
_ ,......._
..... .-II of W Sohan _ _ "'" ill
I t. I' . - " " . . - R ID_IbN
hII' of l h t ~
!be" !iIDIaa, _
lilt 1U1htTD
pon: 01 fAhiopi: ..... Keoty: Wi' de:
~ by ......... aad tht Ioooi 0Ilt<ft
IIIlDe,
runn..,. .".,.;".,
_ oaub. k-adirl« \<I
_ furth<or faD: in y1cklf. ' ~ h1 1Ula1, at
1,:_ :lO million P<•
...., ill) ~
a1fedl'<l 1:)' 1hl1rt' pr<.1<.'aIIl(jl "" 10 be
un<t<..,. cl>r<>s< """SlMllhn.'al uI ~I
""" SlamOIion, "M>...., ..,;....• Aid
tIr Ilru<MI1J:nd CommisIiion, " _
/nIIia11J . . . 1M m.. odt
----
«
--'1'-';'" Ii
. . ., liI\idI
.,..
iI/ ,.
e-
~
,..."
of_brio.
t'O'l'D ....
nor lOIlil l
w __
_It_d'' _ ~ '''''
of
'" I!oI' Sohan I: ...... 1oCI
10 ........ Ill; IoalIII ....., 10 U; ~
... bf .., ,.... 2lDll." s..tr 30
AJrio::aI ......... . ' 5 C .)"iopi:
""lri<IDII of !hi.- ....w. I. """"
If'lriou of 7.ambia. ."""cIio", 10. 19!Q
1....., _ :rt '"
bIr Ihrir """""
_'Iolion: ill
"'- 25 JC'I"i...
_
btW -..k."
.... . . . . . . . . '
Dioo
haa
__ .. il """ bmI « dlII% ill _
0Ib0r
by the ¥DluatMy Iit'ft<.'Y
OXl'AM. 1M pr<:>p:lI'Iioo of clIlJdn:II
.. .
I '
..
1 , .
Atn _
~
Nif!ftio.U
T........ 1lIIIl
!\'POI'I
. hI) art ~
haa ....." from
!A III 251 in lhe ~ !It<'acIl','o H' 'lIllh
............,. !\.l.... also d<...1iD«I hi many of
lht- hardt"lll'hi! .oa<ion.. 1.hu<itih ""traotdiIIary ftIoou h:Ift two
\II lift
~ <"'..... Wom
lhan
"'*
:!OlIO ~ D
(lriIlI1 1 A&i<aII ~....
19i1S
...
I'"
..... 1115 - " .... _ CliiMiWi . . .
«
'.,. ... ~_... . . dot
CIII ""~!
••d • • illNt
. ....... ~ptO"....... d<
ilmdit
dlor
abauI _ lbinl. pra.y adIocol ......
_101 ..... 19l.. 67\.
..
-.I.., lhinI of
Ii> '
ld Ibt ...... - , .. lis IIlhtao ......
Debt defeats development
The ,"'u",," ami ...." "lill fIObllioM of
A/rita '. prubl,:m. h:vt! 1><..:II ;nIlyotd
in deLIiI in ~ Olho..,. UJMt.d
~ iJUb/ieatioM,"
it will b<r
......... btl"<10
Ilw ....... poials,
....r
_lirirf,............-
f"nt, • ....
tIIBtd bJ
~
tradiDa:
po:iri<-
"po""'.' ... _
'" .....,. •
i:ItnoI .
r. '
by
bJ ......
•
... 1ariI'........ wloidI
..
~
~
Ano:': ......
ot -W .... ba: d. . d &~ fir ID l~ . \hf IIIllO:. t....
boo "'"" Mil """"IIlh. ....., IIl1&oM
of Al"I'nn Ianilia IO<IIy Wi' bnrw di.....
price: ... Ibt
".'''0 !j1.... iII
~ ot """"
"". IIIiiia <'llP<JI'1
. . . . . and maIQ' <'billImi orp/wIO.'Il
bJ All)!'; lI'-ll3),
t'OqiOi'IlI ofcodte .... lor
, t.-- ........
., $12 Ioi5DD •
__ hi Cik '""""'. for """'
,
* .........
boll ... b,. 21~ ....... ~ 19M
_199Il.SM.d.
~ oflnwnal
....,. .. e..w _ !iMl1 'ioc of . .
" ohli;>o las koI II> 1bt T i&atio&
"'~ ....... Thrradlas ......
....... . A _
.. , Iiorol
u .. -'ol _ _ o/d,
ee
,u.n'...
halbMl liwrvd1D.....,.~
fa pIcIirinn IFiIiIIry <'OIlIIi<ti. "'Ild
of ..,opouo) . " - .....
IIIl"IIhr fullft ..oo:p« fO IlDlI ~
WdihoocIo of.-.y ""'" oIl1lillioao of
Afrnol lamilin. AI • miIliloom, 1.5
miIlio<I 10 10 miIlioo bou~ ill
....l>&haratI Africa ~ hai,l lholt
li",lilIood• ...;Jll'<l ....1 by w&Ill llld COIl·
tlicto in n'«:nl Y"'oW" and mony mi~
IioAo IlIOl\" ha>1' bc<'umc n-fugco....
ThIrd. ~ ha$ ol!Io btnI d<:vu~ b,. dclr. As ~ 22 oiI<Iwo. -.I>
SrbnII Nrn bnrs. far bnokriktr
........ 11-. ~ crhtr ,..pm. '" 1M
"" .. Iupioc
Edo _ . "-'"
_ _ 01apUl .-l ~ 1lIlIlIiIl«
b,.. _
-w.
_
S30 lIiIIior W__ o.lJ
_
n..
.
"* ... _","",","",_I
.mom
....,nd II>
.......,... the dodiow '" ~
"""" .., ...... ~ • 1tlc pnIl>~II ...
h IS.
Tho
.Ott
" .
...., sbouId
*""""
"" iIo
""*" ......."..
SID',,,Ill,
or
IodiIlr
"'"
I!Wll of
burdt'll "'. . _
. +.0...,.,..
dI'bl ~B>fion las
IOlPIi<d to ....olM.
whidI -..: DOl btialt """"""" any.
...,.J.
Wbo.~
poiIIIII"hlr. ckbt rdirf
--... ""'" be Ek<:d to ~ ill
1IIiitIry
10 ... ,t.... io
uptodilurn:
IOam;-lIootic"
__,..,. III hNllh.
_f. ....
a·
StcoooL Nm', n6a
~
be' a:JownIlO Ito.- .. _ , .
IIIr--" ...
tt='" _ •
.. ...
pns"'''
!IaIrk
f.. ~
thIo ~ 01 IftIIt boorio:n 10
-"b.'a po<...." ... _1octumI
.cuodo. 1hrw«b 1M Cft'lIIiuIII "' ., «0_
lurid. and
Third.
do.~
d1<'
mililary
!\lltDdiD~
.
k. '"
Ita
. . . ' - '"It"*'".-I. The .....
. . . . . . hasbMI · .. ' 'l .a
'-ial 1>010< • ' ArriI:::o
_.-..wilbovI
"
...
droOl ... a ocako lhaI has DOl ~ bftft
•
•
~
•
-. ---..---_.
----
J
~.
..-
_
I't'!\POn,;bllil~
or Nrio:an
l(tW<'m-
I1lI!nIS - .l((WI:IlIlIleI1S lhal will be'
~ banhb' ~ 1M'"' 01 d>r wurtd
il" 1lIt7 COIllinue 10 dMrt 10 miIll1r)'
_
lhernoum;o IhoI ~ bt
............ bmilr ... ' . • thIo
...... tducDlrI. - ' _kloi 01
Mrico·• • hidi ta. Bac ~ 10 ..... ."
lot ....... 110 tbt
•
•
""'"' OUoI'p/y, This is IlrimarilY
'" whictI,_-.,
_ t.-... ArriI:::o las dk'<Iot~ la:'oIII
...... . ,• • • lty Ibr-.-.....
-
lhrw,h io<' ..... d aid and ~
-.-.rl illjob ~ ~ • •;'_"",Lol
... a """-I
•
~
'" ...,.,. of( . -
_
~ ~ ........ bt~
-,-
to
lilt'
WiklG of iIldusIliIb:d
............. ~ quarIm of Aiica',
luI:oI debl) """ 10 lhe' World IlanI< and
lilt. InlmIalionaI MoN'tIrJ FWId. lD
portkuklr. ""'" rrIicf
ohIluld
......k in m..jor n'<lll<1i<>n. 1n Ibe artwol
am<IWl1llw AIrie. pI~' ""I on it.debts
lU 'jf!1r (on far, _
III the IimitftI
_
l!IIII is :spmI "" tbr
ho:akh -.I ............", alillI thilcInL...
To 1M lhio probItm of dcbl into "'"
ovtr.dI tonll'XI or Ihioynr'.
\Vorld ~ Oi/bo. f't'llM, lhcloW <'0lIl
~ 1M bak hu""", ~. in
A£m - lot n..-alth, nulriliun, Mnlion.
told Iamily ~ - "WId bt _ _
in*'"b' $!I ~ a y<W'; lhio k~.
nady Itw lhan Afri<:a ia CII/Tl'lIltr
lB
....
~ ~....,..
wIlidl ~ lJrilifcI .. tIw 1!IlIOtl.1M ....... Ihio ...... '
of
... Aft:r,
100_
tt.".._dIr awunt,- Aiia.', .....
_
be' doasIicaIIr writIta ....... o..bt
.........:'
. . . . IlIOl\"
.. _
l/)o1Ct:F . . _ _
~
~ "'... . ~poid.
JiII;Ily addnl IIIIbr IIlUII .-d, • IIlUII
.-0::"$lObiliool is. ~
.....
do:a, _
... Ddl
--_ . .
fit. Z1 ' ; , , , . , -
':
lTtof.>u
• • tbt
......ioi:otd llMioM. ouppon Ibr
_ o I .... IOAiita.,.. . . ~
~ ., tbt l10iItd Norms baI
•1IIIIIiI:"'n.t'u . "'''''''_-U''
,.
nt
. . ...,.. .. lit
_
,.;.., -W
k flO#ttl,t·ourth, AIri<::oo llOOw o,.. , ilO """"
"
Fl•. Z2 DdI bonm
1oIIIl .... Pi'J'lJ'UilOl Ol'liM'. t!ll
,naJc~ ~,~o<l lbe- ....nllniln"'nl. tht')'
h:M.' made 10 In,,,,", a 1(1'1:11('1" lIfW<JI'
liotl nr !Mil" "-""'flues in hwnan
""""'''-....,., and 10 aclJi<,.,... lhe boo....
hullWl ~oab dOllI ha-.: 110,,11 ...mb&sh<'II in I"" rK'kl~ or I_h. "ulrili"".
odncalion. on<! Cantily planning.... I"
Pakar ill 1m. and again in Cairo in
1993. NriI",'" poIilinl '"""""'" ha......
Ik<iarn1 Ihl'ir inlmlX>n or .....,rul\ll
~ by Ibc! end or lhi. dl'Cadt.
Th"",, coounil",,,n" oho\Jkl now bor
....... by ~d~ c"mmi.."""", or
....1(2. n_,,'I.'$, lor ~ "lJI'<iI"l<" purl""'-"" fromthe indu"'rilIr.....'" nation,..
H/lh. Ihe inll'mllliooal communily
ohould .,;;,j,q AfriclI in ru. WUJ:!:J.
Inward\; ,~ IIOl DIlly Ihruu)(h
"""Il<-'flUiotllO ~ AfOCa·"..".
nomir l"';lion. and ""PfKM11or Mri,:an
g"" . mllll"llls· rommit:nc.-nl. 10 UK'
ach ............1oj b.o<i< human goals, bUI
also Ihrnu~h din'<'! assislllrl<"e 10IIKN'
polici<'o and in..itutiun. which ,k'. :pctI
d,:mOCflley·. foolld.I;""s. Thio islo.o<.
100. /\as "'-"" ""-"l'1I11y ~ by
U\<, s... n'laly-(:e1lt1'lll or Ihc Unilod
mr.c
-'.......-,-.. - --
Nation",
"7i/fl t oJUI ogoi". oU oUnl$S
Aft'i<'n,
~ st.", _nb tUrdilpm"d jp""
otoffn/ bfflI_ ofiOUlObility, 'TIlil <7rl'
"". br /mhfr ""ty IknllO/1lr Ii, f'lNlk oJ
d,Mt><mli< p",t:ri<r>., .
"/krrlilP"".1 oUi "'/1St i"nIUl, ... p.
f>o<I/I>' Ill, rmztiMr nlld Sl'"'l!....iogoJ
ifl>litkM'" oJ lit",,,,,,,,.,. iJn1lIlnOl7
.",,/4 br ""dnSl(J(Jd ""
I., "'''''''
lmiItlnb br"",.
//l in? pnrtici/ll1~~
I'" .-
...."'''01. Pl~Mi .....do ",
....,Ii V.Im lit""",,,,,, "'... oonI.
""d ".,mi
rilJlfOff. _/is d'tlnt, ""',.
iJUlnM/i/y ItiU """, ,..jlll D" 1""..iln!JI,
tffttl "" mtiHm""",ic dtwlop"''''t.....
$iwlS of change
•
The IIiluation in A!rira can bor tun><d
ruund. Fundamf>n\3l cbmgo.... ' '''''''ll'
;"g from Ihio iaoI di""""",. dtad~.
Nvl' rn::ato>d a dilInt'fIl an.d flU" nlO.....
hoptf"ll~ lor Afritan tk-~Iop­
mnIt In lIMo ~ r...., Yt'l'"- many
Afrl<an rountrie« haw- un<lt1tal<ell ro,,"
damcntal rriorms. 'l ~ ts an almoot
rolltinl"'I·...'i<!< 1""""""""1 wwanJ.
denxnacy, """'-r /ruotming .00
diffi.:uh Ihat ioon>t')' ....y b<,. Apanhrid
I, cooiliq,: 10 an end. fuIDonll,.." ha......
Ix...... ~\J<.TaIi«d Thectimal'·Ior;".....- .l·
m"'" i. ImpI'<..-iIlll. The cold war ""
longt.,. nwtun.'lI dictalo"dtips.. St'Ytflll
Ioo.o:..... n";ng ....,.", "'"'" booen nodc.'" ,..
oaIod <kn>rn. Mili,lIIY "!""'ding. in '"
1<'a:j/ saolC """nu;",.. h; lJwfIing olJm.
or ~~." And n""" or Alrica', po\iI~
call<"';""" rommtnro 11"."....""'" and
III<;" ~ I " 10 the m<'f'lill$: of
basic numan _I..'"
"T1IEn "'" al""wly oiltn"or. poosi.
bit challllc in alti\udes in
indum
>Ii.o<'" rwions. Unil,";!
Stcr1:Wy
of !ilol~ W.m·n Chri",,!,""'" has ..ill
lhal rold war ink'l'l'>l' wiII IIOW ",.
,..,placo.od. '" til<' hem or Amc.-nca'.,.,1ao
,;.,.,.rup '''; In Africa, by On eood.';",
,n..
SI."..
__..jllM.t In
tlt",omJCJ nlli
b_,
t\glJ1s".'" Similar1y, 1'rtosKI<"" Clint""
ha< lK·kn"" .... l!'-'<! thai -A "o!J/II~."" Is
nd.. ""'J I. Afr/nI... AJi'il'tllU ,,"
Sl"'M/i", tn fJdirot pMitic4t ".d .....
"""".. frmJ/J....... w, . ,,"" n Sl'"l{
l.t'mI i• •tlpiq t..... lrowu I• ..,
/TudinftI j.tn" bffl" liltJ>r '. __or:s
tilri".ildml.- Ell""""", I<...ten.
I1aV<' nlade sintil>rWl\C'O'II;'Il" and _
enIIlndu81rialia'" "ariono 1.-, """,,'II
10 link IJM. ""'~oualiun of oid pro~ 10 1'l'Ol/f<'!lIIlowatd' dt'OllO["·
....." ... d ~uctioo" ;" lltiliw)'
"I"..ndinJl.
l1lI'!ie "'" an sijlIIS of I>npr. 11m h
nlU$l l>c <aid thai .., fan n,.,.,· ha< btto
little!<i.lm or anion by lhe mdu!'lrialix<.'"
f'OIlnlric's. and liI>llhnoa lc~ rots In
aid, "",."....,. ju>llifrable and ~
it nli~n' l>c, '" noI .., odc<iu>l~
~ ' lU (h.: ...,.;m. of ""b-Sohatan
Afric.... And iI. .tier many dcc>dca of
olferinlr IlIO'lI1. ","I,'riaI. ar.d miIiwy
SIIppm1lO oft"" blaIanlly ",""pi and
,.."...,......, dic1alonl,ips.iM induSIriaJ.
i%l:'" nalioM. IIOw....uili 10 1'00;(".. 'll"Od
~';" NriI.... u...... Ihoy mu,"
a100 IC\ 10 $l.....lIl1dlf'1I iI.frio:a·. "'" .
f>Of'ni< pooitioo by wrilinJI Q/f many or
I1lO' .. bwntinrnt'. debl.. by """"itlj/
fait i\IId stable ~ for lts raw Olal'. ...
_Is. by t't"IIudn.lll>riff. 00 Alrica', man·
ufacluA!d
" ;ond by ~
1M amoun! of old available lor in~·
ing ;" Alrica', \l<'<IIlle .00 IIlCO'tin.Il
".d
' ' puoU,
basic humao llUId...
u...~011""""""inthehrahh
Rl:.'1lUNK
,....,
-.I <'Iluoratkon -.I
AI1M «f"l pnbk".. di
d in 1hi!<
...,...,. _......,.
'onoJ.
..... io.IIit'• . i:
WI
a a. . t/Ioob
.. toa .....
.... ~ . .1d ........ 1bIo_
R«rII.
If
U."'it*"'illr_
toW .... ('fa, " . , . .
...............
" .'DOw IhIl ~ too pi;II.-iIIo
111-"1. , i '
W;t\'Oll
iiltMl
.w,••
-u. ..
IioII io illr ~ ft';iDto<
io
',.,.,
n.r
tIaol ..
'«1_«1_
.........
.,w,.....
to,.
C<pI.'nf.
"'w aW/It
Jnni....
I'd""
iolo,~
..... "''''' _a='_..alwpn;.
lIII'' ' ' '
......
"" IlIIUY
ill
mel ""
_
po&;nI
~and ndt1s..
lNl _ . ""' .....
0( IIII't'IinI: thr ..... blllQall "","ll$ 01
lho' paon.'OI """,,,-'I" III loumaoiIy _
boo laknl .i> 'Il'ilh a ...... ~
AI.,.,,,,
bQlh
b' hlltWll NW' andlOll I mf'\lII$oC
ll"-....... ~~ 11't: pt<lbIm.. ...hieh " ill
~Illll)' olh, noIlHlly tho.· poon.,a
....
rumnlunil"',. hili tlK' 1'fUWl"'."l' kif
acIvarItt. and
politIral .... biliry wiIhin and !xi .........
'.. .n""'..,.. .",,,........
III lhr _
Iim<'. ihr pinlo WI
" - bMI UIlIdr ia _
potU 01 !Ix~ --sd 1IIIl1ll ~ proll'CI('d
&.,..0 """",,,-.I thnoMs, . . . t'-'
.... _
at tho -"I
<rbO;h ...
T..
~.....
ol :IX'
,__ d •
~
.....,.. ill ~
.-iIIo JICi<wislo
-.I ...._ • • '"- dtodapioi;E .....
on... ioo ..... 10
do:pk>J
lbl- kiDtl 01 ",ct '
.
.... iNlg.
dol-"
,.
WT
s'
.
'
"
WliI~
'
' ioc
...-dr....
1l>rir _
.6 ' ; ' fJl
itapa1. lbr
.,. "'
,- ,. ' O"_",ar
___
1m til _ _ will wb<W'I" w ....
D poIkfII ol (
~
.... -ad "" ""._,., "'lr
k-odIs 01_
.....
.... """' l( anilsI-
....... ..-....l
"".olI .......
Otomocracy'l c~lgi'
n"""j[louuI
~ iJI
i""
world. ......." ...
lIUPP>Il "" ......... rilOt1 to
foo.. .. Il:JllofW on<! iJltt"Mlallonal .,iutI
"" 1"- ""'" choIk"tIJl'.. in lho.· 11""1'
countries
St't'Ond World W....1'hooy ....rtr. ,.,.,.ns.
<allJ. IDlhr dIy ia J 011947 wht1l
Gcnc'nl
1:1
lIiISliDt!d a
...... <rbO;h
10 IhiIdIy ....... ..
W _
rQio¥*s ill
definitiol! of
(;0._.
whit , .... ~ """,til _
bo
........ IOWIlIbrir~_ ..... ....,. 01 . .
.. " i'
"""dol- .... tho .... 1Iia' ed ....'icaley._
lilt .iIJow_IO'--'" In . . ,""
IWI!I'.~. pnMdro
and
p..,l .,.a. 1IlM ... Ibt ....
...
'hldlltw .... ~. ~ .......,
..",;" ool_to II)
we
_ lor
..... . , ' X d " ' I D _ Iht b ':iM ...,., _
11<.''''' ..
,,"".,....
..............
-
Tu....... l5
o(.-brr II.-
..................... KGKli&cmoi• wiIhiIo wIIidI W "" " . ' .t
.....,.,...ailio...... . -'>.ID
prlI<lin-.1hiI 0I'0I0Id _
btl
"
'"
.... UIC'ilJ
~
pm..
'Ik'''' . . ...,.... ...... ~ 10
awkttIlor ..... ~ <'SpOrtS
'""" poor <'IOUIllrin.
wril~
,,"""iIllI 10
d<.... a ~ pruportjorI 0(
drbl in M'IocIo,d ...-ai<>ro> and ....... md
• n1l<'Wll olald and in_ _ ItI ...;m
Til e indust rialized
t<>Id ....,. Pl'l'lud. f n'QUi.'Inly, II""",
""""'" n'~"" J.k lfl a I"'t""i<>u. lI<.'Ca.
..... almo. !WIa Ci'Il i..., IIKO. """'"
em;,. .awl <1-. thn.....'Il<'d tho.- ilJ.!u,..
tJWil"d ",>tid In lI>t llftctmaIb 01 ihr
.....
As lsi ••Wit., ........ Ibr
~.
.... I' " _(utkd • htlpiII( to
lotiltl do
,.., . . . . ;
..,. .. ~ bat. w
.11:1 ...
""""'-
will> W, lIMotI SUn WI"
.oIlhr .. ioqal....- bt id.ic..
-no ND_ P1H."
Ibr \/"....
"""'4.....,& ,....
............ .......,_.1Iw
IIIII St
rethillk their OW II
progress ;11 order to
improve tbe qflality
of life while
reducing their
impact all tile
biosphere.
Ih .... ul oflhoIII1isccl Sllii
tat
-~
It.- . l1li
_ /tria /0 ,.".,.
b_a .... aN " . - , _11Id
~~·
•
__• • /III*d......IIuIltlon i t . rd
iIlk"
lIllt Ibt
~..td .. In. . teI III KI
widI _.:;o:i• • OIl~""
.....
.lbtkl: ... ~ .. '
lr
II. Ibr bon!«
ICIioo&, llol borrirr 1bol
,
' :1 hau
b'
_ta-w
c
*
..
.. - "
"". . . .
locuf't. if
....-........ 11 if. ""-t • poliIJnI Mrrilr.
n......, it VlfJ iI:k daub! \hol1bo:-W
. . W ....-.roeII """ dot: ~ III
rnako.·lbt.....".lioa 10 a -W in ""'"""
the baoi<" 1k"""C!s of ...,.,. ~ ............
and dIllcI ..... 1IJf't and !II whlrh tho!
1m","" """"" n", _with all k. p<>l... tw
.... PRIll"'''' rrowth. l·hall ~ •• ,'X<itt'
""... ~ ~ - <*Il <9<11;""" .
WIw
;" in qIll"'Slioa is !he ap«ily of llIII"
ftIlirnIDn ODd poitnI or- to
fnIIIODCI
l'IUdr _
10 """'"
chaI:
~
For .......... ol1bo:"" IIIII<t$
JIlllIR"8Q1!n1al ~ . is
Ill< ' . . ...... . .". d<w IIlIl
do
,.., DoI" ;" _ ..to:iIIlr ....
'lll*b'aol_ol,. '
.
..... po "
"Thz focw olllllliliatl
iii< ill llw
; l 51 J.
'&W$
....... ..
..... Its I
i'1:r
.-..
'*-"t
poIiIicaI
....
"'" """ ............
•liIln-'IOtbld
s..li)' _• .-c,
C 1 • • "'Il. lI(IIithriJ
............ AMI ~ .. Ibio pn:l<'OW lboi..
•
...., It'<'nIII . . . . . hal " ' - 10
.
bziae: .... I" ..
~
'*""
_I"...
Ibt w\IIdy
..kno_ltd.l<'d .. obit".. ..,.." tllrta·
ra tIUf ...... and ourctlildm.a failltl.'ll
n.'QIIin' ''isiua and llClion .... I dilrtn....1
....'IIe In both plac.-.: and ~""'. ThIa prot>\tin III d~ I x _ polirit'l.l
lMtl1uliono and Ibt llI'ObIo-..... thai lhty
..... ~ to mo.>h'<' is """ ..... lIIld
_ laed or <'¥ell «1011:11111 I d ""
u.. """ orilfiuD1 bntd lbiz r i
<ltaol • ."
'. but ~ ia.-c.-\lidl
wiI ' d wiIh br lhnlIl
wIIo
lhlm '" - . . . .
The most basic
advalltages of
progress have 1Iot yet
bee" made available
to the poorest fifth of
human society.
M'tioa,
. . . . 11
(
I
~,.
" . "'.
Thio .. a __ iidic
~
'"
lilt'
II.-
pWb .a '" - ' " or '""' Ilr IlO"'i-
biliIy '" --"
m-...., n •••,
_
_
ill lh<: ....nd ol pn<.'tinl <.........
hoc,..,.. , lilIrlI ~ oIwioon. Up unl~
illis """In!}'. for """"'I'Ic. aImoou all
-x... -... ~ in I;"" in...•
ess "f a n:lati'rTly uarrtlW l'Iil<' who
...joy<." an aIrn<'!l """""".... n~'
0( rights IIId prMk1l'''' II>d or I;"" benlofilad "' ...,-. I'urtbl_ pan, ihia
.... ol IOfflIin _
_...Ue-CL
b<inlt _ _
TlllIIlt " ......d •
-.-.1
.,, __
•daiIoed......,
.1,,,
,• ....".".-.
bbck.
..w...
.wt.- ..... ....".
....". AR. IIld
_
os.
n.,. .. alic..
. - . . . - ol
1".'. lIhi<.
silII • ill .... _Id . j f
iii< • r ' .. ...,d""'7.... IriIh ...
8ul ~ .......... t
' lI lMa _
~
ia 1hz: ....... lJiq ......
ill ....... '. ' 1 .. d ~.hao
~ t....... 1<Iday """Ill .... ~
1\ Icast ill ~. 11111 all Pf'O\llor
MouId~ thr
riplland _ _
IllIIitin. .... WI !ht. bni< bnK.iiu of
1"IlIrfl'l!..hould be aVl ilablr III all
This dwl# in 'ihoo hu
III
~ tho! lI'CItld oJ , 'Yl'l\lj lllId imtitD-
."m"
"''JU"
liooo.. and """"'b' b<..-...nina ihe ""-1
a/ hwnoaitt'. otnIg\l' b' "'<JCI(':i$,
Ilul ......... """" ... ilIot ~
_a.. . _baic_
d
,.f<idl _
.... I: '
I ' ,.,...
................ iII1be
brl~
• lbrpt ..... ......,.t.idrM, ill Ibt
.....'biol¥lIhiclbll '.- ' b " ' -
•
po'
!.Dolled
...-mol cIzncb
_ _ ........ <m.ibzdbr~
pok . . 10
aab' • lor • lb< ""'-I
_
' ~ iII_
.....-.lalllr
........
_
......... lbrrWu
_
pobIic ""...,.......""" poIiIicaI .....
Iita. II if \ll;a pRl<lt'110 -Ild IllIW'<: oftttI
bt p(lOpIoo lhaa by ~ - \hoi
boo l(IaIIuaIIy dioloclllt'<l
......
....... "'Ih;,~ lIhic", baI!ly
IIdIiAd. l}.., _
. . ridIt:t. l!x
e.._
.....
d ol"'
' - ....
l"t ~ ..... '" 1 '''' III lbr
iIlIIft
" - I barM ...., wba . . "" 1hz:
~_."
.nty.n.iI
dt •• l1<, .....
",<e'. MOl """- civi5IaiaoI iII _
....,.Ihz: f'Dd a/. . 2OIIt~.
Y<t ~ .. poseiblf lodat. ..,;d • !he:
<'CJiI!lK.b ..., ~ 10 IL.., lh<:
~ ollhr kinJ 0/ ~ ia
tbl_
....... whic'b mIY ""'" ell)' make jIOOC!
Ihill doo6c ....., . 1hn:loogb lhr d.... ..s
dtbris III Ilw- !mm<'diaIl:' shods. dialltR.aDd ..."'-b o/Ibr po.- elI)'. it
..... ~ ...,. .. _ lhal. -.Inlylq
Y..
m..- ill Ibr t'lhiaoI
Iw
t. " .
-......r. __ a I'"riod 111 - . .
........
.na~b<.:
__
....
tiI:J ,--. _1llif;)WI". 1.5
. . . . poaplr ........ '" bh ill a
...... I r o ~ ~ ... ___
...w t.:w lildo. . did Iow.~
......, AriIoet.. •
_101
,..... " - ....., Md
td 1IIIPr_ _ ....".Md
..
<2l'S _
. . . ill
k k '· ·
...-. Thr ftU is lhal.
_ oblilltd ... tIU
............ ho• • ••, ""'""-... Md ......
_ ..m .rn... "'"3' t... it ..-.bookw re&<u tho ~ III ..
inIp<lnMt .tIiI\ .. tho .~ othi<'.
;~ wbI< io <'tlIIOid<n.... ~ ;" "'"
..'CIIId ond ...haI. 10 no!.
!<,niWly.lh<o ia l<~ in\c<vI-....
lion in Son......... lor 011 ~. dif6cuhieo
and .....kil, noN'l h<'\('oJo " -pn.... .·n!ll
• fiN d,-'l'lInlion Ihlll lh<' inloma1iooal
' '<.WI''''''.;lY "'ill "'" 0WHl by ..... do
~
ooIhinlr ""'iIcill(,
Pl.'-.. .
lho: <hiI-
d"'" - 0/ . IIiItd .... e lIU<'I:Umb l(I rmso
~ud"""'"
Bul ... 1Ir. !bit _ .m;" hu bH:o
IimW II> IIUlkIt-'a ..... Olf<."I1lublicia.-d
....-llI<I<. aDd ~ it bao
~
1xnI n1nlCkod ~ me,
.......
cn·fIl_~
__.nl
iIIiknrT ....... ..., budllro_......
~ ...
l'WG ~ 1lUllltIt,10I1I<ll!*.
.................. 0
Thr ~ III tho 1!l!lOs if to
""'"..... and bn>Idm tho _I!thir l1IOl
it ~ W tmI"fltO'. il orda""' "
......... ~ ..1t. . . ..tJo:y.
lq fronl ~ _
......,.. eway.,.. '"- IIQf(UIt'uIar ~ \\1Im
~....wbr"-""1ho
.......
_ _ 01 poooomr. it . . '""'- ....
Jivablt lhIlltwy should IIIn<'I 10iIdl'
. . . . Md ..., «<""10 iIIIr srioriIJ'. RuI ....... " ' - Ilor -til
IIIIiriIc. ad'~I "'"
- - . t I ~...., ~ it poooi.
IlIr II>briIc.... ""' 1lor ...... 1IIJIOClli
.......
., pnwny l1IOl fnIth _ _ Ion ...
__
"'MdJiooo..mimpotus
1O~
' mlll--"". ..............
~ IIOll _it ....ulal d& .ioo.
IMlL Il"ll.-........-m- .. !be
,
1 rI)'" tt!lot if III br <"'~
aDd if Iht lnInIilioa 10 I .....;". ...
~
w....... IbrIl it it~1iIl
lhalllt"'llk aDd thrir ~ in
all «lUfttriH, JIlooId ..... ~ intol"""'I 0/ 1M u~ ""rIrrini
inY<>lvtd in d~ ~ bul k.w<,..
kll<)WU ~(...itI '" mw malnutrition
and dl..._. Illill'flC'Y and di""billljr.
Ouly lIUI:h • d WlJlC ,.... 11M! Ilk·
l.1>ik uI n""'\injj minimum hullWl
. ,0
......... lhe .......... priorily ~
.......... Only ..-:h • ~ nil
_
lhIl ~ IaodtTolUpo h .....
loiIh 'O'ilh Iht po
lhal. ~ btea
~
........ '"""
~ riI
........ l1IOl wlul
_ bor __
""M'"
..... ..... -will ...... br . . - IIltIIIIa lbr tWo
I I I _ ............. ~.­
..,-~_
'T'ht' foIowiIll ;" !hi' W. hi of ~
.1 :!OOO
whirh lbr WIrid'. poliI.
The year 2000:
what can be
achieved?
nl
......,t _pull - • bo1IlI
~
ilIwrillly INsiI* - .
IIIoc WQfId s..nIllior Clllldn-ol ... 30
s.... wbt, 1991l.
4ot.,
--
af_'....
~
II """"'- of _
-.I ......,..
......... - . . . lJk. warW'.
........
....
... ....
r s. _ ..__
~,-
.. _
Ilrir <"IIunlioa lor III ctUlmIlDI!
~
MID-DECADEGOALS
.....N 01
",0ft'I(¥.
-wJ'11 IIlOIl old'll d"I !I~
_ III
of prWary fdu<wion by
II haM>li! \If llw Illu~ illiIt'fI(')I rat~
and lh<' ~",,' of <'<lUll fd ~
,;",Il&l ", ~M\ UIli l)' (.... "",k.. and
...,.
lhI' nlOny n,illion. 01
rlIik1n." in ""P"riaIlr diff.....k rirrwn..w><n ond !hI'~." and
oOoo.'f\WIo.~\ in aD "",nlril.... of 1M
" .......uly adooIud C......1IlIoa ... IN
Jlillh"01tbr (1Ql1ll a-tinlbr. lhI'
'!l9Oo ....101 ." I'llIlidI:r ~
..........-oflhl' idf'll DI........ ~
lO'<1io:. lor mildrm in Iinlf' 01_.
( ProIo.",;OQ k>r
111_ Ja I1If II _ . -...
. . - III \lQlll1I¥ ill
of l1li
__n.-.. .-.
"lid ~""'1rYIIW. . 011_
....
....
_
p tc~'''''''''_'''''b¥
p • I_Dl ..... -'*'~
..
.
l'rotrction for riM aod womt'Il
.....
"MllllT_JIr
'
....
I ~
....'
00
t;_
tI_,t,t'l
I,
£lonil , ," ..... _
AclIoh' , . o ! M _
...-
Itw_
.... . . loinlto'
..-..
Mr. SodI
~
-_--.
-......
If
All
nJlIunoI,
_--"""~"""'~_
10 " - _ ..........
IllnlCllnl durin,:
dUJdbinh mel m..nI lI<Ililn .".
laI
{~ z.s
k«l III ....
It_. ........
it.,
of
..
" ...
Ihw-
\"j Al . . . . . . ~ _ ~
of
.. l!IIr taoll of
~
..............
__ Io"'1IIOUlbo of. dlif.li6r•
...
("..-ell "
~
aIj..t
10 ""'
.......
~ of k..-It dR< 10
....bIo • funilio.." 10 ......" . ..........
Idd 1Ood .-nrl,r.
Child health
I Th· <'ndi<.",~ ", '" pol", .
,01,""101."
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(by 1\195).
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REFERENCES
~_UoWmo· . r""' 11l<
,.
_ ~.II -.n t:1lMooo
m-1CU·. _
s.. ~ M..d>
""'1lI!IS, 1. . . ~ I_
J
_ Tn"
. • Am.
e-., (r\I1IITAQ. r
"'_ _ 01
• ; ....
Eo.... i
~
7
-
n.._
- o.r-. II_ ~­
£iMl~I_
. "j
St._
~
..... n..w.
£40; = INCD'.
' ' QlW U, I'
.. en,.
......__.' ,"" 0« ; ]
r.<n No.. zs. _
·'"
. . _11w...1
t""'"
.OWW _ iMrioII
II_~
1M. WHU!tJNllU'.loiaI
~''''~''''''''.hod.n.
""r-~ _ ,J!U.
rlL.~
31 t . . . s-...t,...,.,,·.r
'.W'-"""
o..
~ _
-' ~ 11193
"'_I.......
( lmf\l»Il iuo. ~~
C_lll!l'.:
II'I1Om'llCF.NJ'nI .\\'10 . n........
" - IlI'A" 6
,..".... ~,.....
,'n l
,..
II W_
,.
,rm.llSKtJ'. ~
OO
u · '
, . ll....
.....e_' , _
Iiaot............. ril.
I
_Von,lIR,._
I.
,e_
_
7
s-._~
~
II l .... S-('WIIr..,·."-l.Sooft.
...
......L....m ._V.... s.......
_a.... ·AI~..:u-.r
-
....C_.. -.OO•• _ I I _
lrot.._r__ - . . . _
......_u-:,.._ol
Bl
r
" ......... ......,.,
_niIdhoool-.
.... ~L"lAJ1M.,1.
II Wond - . I t_
D",' _
.~
1m. \O·ont ...... W~ lJ.c.
l . ,. ~
U_N_ ClOIIInoo', t....
~I!If
:r.
:I
..I_ No
u.iIooIs.e.OiI4rnI·.r......
...............
",". w lloolitl no
.,.,.....
(
211
-
t
.
..
"".!9lII--'co.-. r.--,.
. ·_1_
1;10 I
_c...
S"'-QMw.. ......,.,
"
...
] "'::1 _110= .
_
·.joioI....lOAloOlCU _ _. .
WlIO.("_ _
. . . . . . . . . .11 ' .... S-
:5 C
•
1 .. _
.... •
I • . . . . -•• '
..
1 I
C-,.:TWlIr.J-r. . w.-..
Wl ....... !'1
,~ •
• ••. . - .
110. , *, I-'AoIiIIlo\I:rr-
lr.oll:lJ'. lf_ ~_ _•NororV,,",
:JO Ift · \ '"""' . ,. s.. !Is.lobo<IIl9I/Il
....
1 , W_ _ f
t
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.,
" -_
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31 )
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s.ritoo loL No.
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I
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I
_
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, * , . - ' . IIt ,
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:l1 U..... ~CI\iIdn-o·••·_l.1~
hor-~N._,m
dt.
:II! UoiIrdN..o- l
l'ro_
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~
....-....
. . ...
Uoil<tl N.. ko I~'ftl f'ro.
H._.I~
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1\I!l1. l1lfIW. S.., V",," 11I9't. II- Ci
«l ......... ouppIiodbfl
... (lib. UNK,.)'. s.... y....
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5
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..... n..~ . ,. Z
1.100 .. ... VoL ' .I'lo.J. 1.l<klb<or 1!l!lZ.
l-'NK: ~]I." ....._ II'. "'. _
Vurk. p.2
.~....,..
........."....,1tD
D ...
1 _ PwIr(.JCl lI"ar'lILI. m.lCtJ'.
"'IO,..c
U!'o1l.»<''AlIU joIoo
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f! ~ So<l><oollt
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lbL" XI
:!16
_ 0lI0Im0·....... _
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131:..1_" ' - ..
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.,'. . . . 5
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1"-
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...
_ .._101"-'_,,,.
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10 \'.... N_OIIIftII·. - . no.
~",".w
19!I3. !lSlIl'. Ii... Yurk. llOIlI
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two H _ A Ii., •• /iIliIIlIW' ~""' ...
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1!8lo·. UNln:l'. N1"wVotk. lllW
21 llolI ... lI\lIod bl' "'<on! llo1olII ~
.. ~
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._
·. .,_
U•...,OO
l."\liIIMc
~
t
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:!I
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•
:l2 Ibid.
N""' 'iIltk. lll';l3
I!
~
If 1'1'-"1 ...... 00
M.....-. .....".".",.....1.......... and
9
3!
Oor-..
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Yod,Joolr
311'1'_-. ..._ 110 ';
1. . . .ri:..,, 1l4
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11 ................. - . ........
I ;
. _
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w-.. WlIUA....,.'!i,/IItI2.. 11I110~l".
5
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tIonal t:e.-mlr 0IId
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Nrw Vo<k, 11192
fP ~. """'
68 lI_Nmonoo
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e
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n
.....
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: • • l:00Io
... 0. . . . . (110
.
•
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aodDo.' 1 ... (80
-
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.............
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....
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8 1 Coro-.A1. ....... pp.m "ll7
82 WGtl/lII&Ilt._o. . I I ""',....,
/9!IJ'. .......
Thio,..............._
dod "-"'ioa 10 Ik;oioh••. . . - . . Ih<
Iok1PoF loot
_
""'"-_
oIt" .........
poIi<yald
il:l Ibid., .. 2
/II ltvoo.Joho IL. aId ..bt1'<, .... <to.
I/aohad. 11001.. fJ 1!ah1. M.....,. 'II.lIId
AItio,Sh=Iio, 1lMine t 11iI)' C'horIao:
..C-.....,......l
MoruI;ry:1b< ~ C_·. Ol\Oljr nrrio'd
'"" br IfNICD' br..... """"'"'"'"
Cooaril. w,.. ",,", oaI NonkAth.
06:<, I!l!l2
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.
ill
' 5
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.
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rio., P. II
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1I~"F]'A. Nrwy..... 1!1!13
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.$5
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_Ap. , ..rAO.-.IW1 ..
51 Ibid.
st.
" _.01
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_
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,~
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r......
n
....... So.If. OIIIC.I'I' 1I
~~ ~ ... i* ,• •"'.
o! !'<o>
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" •...,... -. . ' . s...:ioI. ,.... 47.
SJ
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~-.LWFC. . . ..
I..\. .. -~ . .-
. . e - ~. '-II
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:<0 ..... , 1\1f1
57
U
Do'
"" _
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.....
s..,yod;l.
lIlo' Po
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5
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......
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.. e- ~.i". , ; . .,_
_1Imtw.Vol.I7. No,2"
~ 19!l 1
1'\lIoi, \'ijoyao 1\.. ·M..,,""" FamilyI'\ao-
...... .. l.•,..b. ...}oo....Jf/I~Sd­
"'". \\ 01.25.J.......,.,W!
901
Codty-(" ...-. ~ ~
J""..-rouncil. ·F....._
.a. -' t......."
r''''''''·
~'.
l!l93l'oW Hollman U<hlr1' ~ Uoil«!
NllioMr~~I~.
N,... Y00:1<. 7 J<IO< 1!193
95 WIIo'\d II.>oll. 11"..0/ ,~_, R"..,
19!1;l.... ~p.29
00 CIlI<y.c...-.MIfJIIRi. .....<it-
'!I llolllrom U _ I ' _ Edut'aliII<laL
s.i<n,i6.."""Cullot>l ~
pobli....... ;., 1I:-/10J' . n, ~ ~
.\ _
l nJ."" ril. . p. 'tI
911 Ibid.. /L 28
!I!I ~MlI)"ll.. ~~Jw.u.'
11"'-"_ .. 11'''''''.... F-r.. UNICEF.
_Vork,lW2
S........ I....... C.. h<rilltIL_;...
... ()<It f/ I\mon)': no mlAC SMtttr1.
"","'*'ion Pr-. Ilhaka. 1m
100 lll:rwIrJ.J<>ba.... Mobh. IWldan.
1........,. f'lanDiIIIl Call C"""'
'"
l .....h lot ....... in
l"1llllt. .
~. 101"""and M..w,.. I>avid. t'do..
_.J
~ ~"" .w.Ori>nlllnioltr.
*"1 Prr-ooo. 1!193... 47.
101 Thr W(It\d F<"f\iIity s..n".._...-d
lI<1...... 197:11111d 19!U._lbffinl
... "' <uIIort rorr>
~~ IIlIIiIIII>I OUIW'Y Sl>tiolb011 for.
_~
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..... <d1... n.
~.
,~
W_ I~S.""TA..
u.rum UnMoniry rn...
1m 'lbC' 1~ IQo! tinJIh So.owyt,
""""",<inuod",,"
worIIlIf""" II"IIo'\d F<rIiliry s..n"._
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~
l'la'iIIId 1!l92!!lOf\·i.baIIl
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--.""'
zso
~..,..Ib< '!liS e-,."",,,, SlUin
--
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..n... JnotiIultIot -..... Ilc-<Mop","IIlIMI..... InIrmdiuIIal. Cok<mbio,
1(1'1 Th<' ~
~ U.. "Mo<bb. ~
l'1iIO:r..-to. Tl'l'I>loond~·.
SIl<M j . F. .. iI, fftlo""', Vol.:n Nil&, ~""' I9!TJ
Chan.....
liIolIoll'''...I101\o11
105 """"". Ml<hoo-I A.."'" """"" 'C.,...
1l<"""""'" Now
Swwrt'indin;n"."" riI.
lG1 W... o/l.~I'" ~I'l-rio
m."''N< A C~· \ "M..... /! /iS
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LZtMW. $«MI . .. &-i< 1'mo<lr
/5192. C.IoboI ("ooltion tnr MrIno. W.....
InI;toII.LJ.c.. 199:!
123 ~...... "'"
~;oo,ot
A,\ltIo.""""'"
IbrU_ S _ n.sr.t,"fOl>/
I06 UaiI<clN-'~" W_ ~
1o.... ~ T... C"'I>,;,,<f,.
.~ , . -
• .. ~Iro,. 1992. FAll. kI_. 1992
I ~ MU' Orildmr.~; Joimt",
/io...,. I~ ~"' '',
1951J.2150."Jl. ril.
1111 Th<~_"""N'"
~
find;"';'·.op. <itI(M! Unikd 11_ ro,..latioa F......
~ A.>sisttloct 1/</»'1 19IQ.
1m.USFl'A.N<wVorl<, l\I!l"l
'.w.f
199aI. lip. cit- P. 7
125 l/niI td
llW
MokWn.ODdThapo. Sbpm..
110 r
n;JJ s.,.;~ n.f,,-uJ, Iia..
.,..... ........,. II.""", lolcn>ltlionoI.
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"'<don'•
,..... s.tt _ _,r>o. 7. WIlO.
DMoiool<>lForniII'
~~
19\M <:t:wu.y 19'1.:
III Modri.1ofIa. r mw" l l<di...... Or;/.
12& u,,;tH
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II.otiOIIo. 's..- ~ oilIoovffip.
ID<'RI _
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..........","' Unil<d S"""""' G«>m.
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II>< II'(It\dS",nmillor CbiIdtftl. _
~ by ""'''''''''''''''' 01
"""""' all Afri,.. """"'"""- 15 _
~ S_ionold<o<"""
I'I' ."1_
p....- Nil- to.IWo1lWll C<IIUlcil S""
......, ~and .....
""'~Ial~
llrpni>:aDon IIf Mtinm
UIIil;y JnImIotiIIIIII C""l.......... 011
~ .. _Cbildrm. Dokor.
Yor!<.l9!l2
11~~~II ..
e-
119UDiItd 1'.0.-, u._.,. II-'..o/""..
~~1I<r>e.- ....." " .
1OIa_ Gnoordo 1951J.ZISO,op. <iL
120 Uniled Sm- ChiIdrrII'1F\tlId. n-
~"'N_ 19!U ",, <it.. p.3.'i
121 S..... Ior.........,.MW I Clrilbn,
MWI POI'''' Ho"",. 1. _
J'ri.
...w,j,..IW /~ ~"",1If
_
UaiI)r, M<!isAbobo, MId
U"'1 CEF'. S.., \"<rt. 1m
!itot ..... \Jailtd N"""'o.-·,
Fond.1l<"li1 _
""''<l<liIllI"'"
25-27 ~"""
I'm:
13ij~_oI""" UoiI<'<l
S1IiOIIo, '(M., '
Dt .. ...... . .. r
SGISMI.wn.
U_ SIaIeI
f """""""'~ """'"""'" 10 ........"'... <>I
lbel\lrbe r"...,l<ipJ>.. . 1lank. Abidjon. lol a)' 199:l
11 7 OXl'A.\ l. op. ciL. pp.JI.,J2
11~ WorldC......-- on F.nrirocImmI
.-.:I 1I•...-Iopno."IIl (1lnu>dllood
n'l1soionl. Op. ril.
s _ ·AIritI<l l lttol ("tin A
177OXfAl.l.Op.tit
M_ ...Mkooflt<t;. 1\·. ......
liSUIliIo<I S.oIiooa 11, "10,;,,,,, ,~ Prol/l'OIIUlIO".II. .... I_ _ Rt1'O"
1 992. ~ ciL. bux :1.1. .. ~
/Upon
Caolimlina: ~upediwnd 10 o.v......
N>I-...... ri\-... \"n 19'J3
J_·. Jo~;"~· Sooot
112I\·OIId 1l,W.. Wo<fol l~ ' &1an
1.'I!I3. Op. <iL
113WOIId I\.IoU. 11'"",," ~"" Rt1'O"
1992. "l' riI.
11 ~ OKFAM.Op.riI.
~
1m. ",,<it-.p.l 1
109 ~ llolJon. 'SIOO M..... Mon: lor
Fomily 11ImiIIg', n. WlUIIoi..,.,.. ,.....
2(J
r>....... ll<\ ,laIo.... rr.,.
r;rmm><. I1,,,,,,.
1"" CriIiI;"
.,lIIiIIo,·.
"""'1 10 "'" """""
"""" .. G\obAl IJ,,, q",.", C _
_,mn._;a,. I,....
....
IiOII. C1n«C_. AIIoota.l
131
!><Ft.~
_~_. otif'ol>.
.....,.. .... ,,.....,...., Iliri«oti. op.
1:lZ 'C~oIl_.op. riI.
lXllluokd lo'Aid lor AIri<1.• n. &." "'. II MI)' 199:l
1:W QooIcd " s.m-n. ~ H. ""
.
13.'i OXfMl. "" <I<.
1:lS G<in'. AI. "" ciL. pp. m::m
131
Am:irt)"lI. ~"" ~"" ;IUI: A.
s.o.
e....,... E~ I... ~&..
~!'I>'oo. (M ."I,
1981
lor AIm: A(".otnr
l1rJlont ........... on II """" 0.............
mrnl·. U/<o1CEF. S<wYo<t. Moy 1!193
•
Stati stical tables
ECOIIQlJlic mid social statistics on ti,e nations of the world.
willi particular reference to children's well-bt'illg.
GenllfalllOle 00 the dlta
Explan&llOn Dt tyrT\bDli"
Index (0 COUlllnfl
-Q
-Q
_M
Counby groupings
O,Iinition,
MaIn """roes
Tables
Basic iodicI(1)($
2
,
N_"
-~
""M
,•
,•
Kulth
_M
•
Educal>Qn
5
OelllOllflpl'uc mdlCltors
-'
-' "
Ecor>omit lIldicalafs
-~
-~
-~
-"_.
-'
lias polll/loos coulllries
Women
The rate of prOll,ess
ReQlOnalsummaries
_u
-~
"
GENERAL NOTE
ON THE OATA
in m- ableo .....
lk'flllitloM ~
and ... planatio.,s uI 'YJIIbols. ,......
<Ieffl<od /rum 00 IIWIY _reel - 12
n.,;o, ~ IlI'l' 1iliI<'Il ill 1It<'~
IQf)' malrrial _ will intYilably .--.. •
Tht' daIa
~
lI<Wn~ by
.,..jd., ~
of dMa rcliobilily. Offirial
ll\l"I.'fllmenl <L1to l'l'<.'ei\1'd by
u...
"""",,,sible lInil<d Nati<ln!o Il(l'Il<J'
hawo """'" used ~.. _'bIo- I~
!he many ntlI:S wlll:l1' Iltere are f'IO reI>.... olli<iol ~ ~n""'by
!he _1>10 11n~t'<l Nl\lion,\ IIllt'n<)'
11m: bn:lI u:i<'d. \I'bffl, _h i:lll.'mltllc~ ~ e.;lima~ do 001
oi5l.lIw: IIhlet1dmvon llI!Ie< ...........
panicularfy dll&l't"a:iYr'Il (mm 1iIl' II)Jlf1lIW\I1~ UNICEI' (M'ld oIJlce. IV!>o'n'
...-Dlc oolr ~.w.- <W I't:\IR.'
S(:nWM! .... looaI data ha.... bfton u..ed.
on. for lili'~. """'" binh
h Bl...... inbnl n_ly nI<....
p;on of I!Io' A'l(Ilbr worit OIl
~mIIl'" aod ~~ UlIllM.aktoI
by l~ Unih'd NitUons ~ 1m-;.
$IOn. ThtoIe and OIher inlom:allolWly
prud"""" eotinwes "'" n~ prr;oo.
and
ee,
dooIa will dUb from liK>or ""'00 "' ....
Iic:r UI\ICf:f ....blinWIlS. In poniaI.
lar. !he 1In<\c:r-Gv<' ,nortollly ""~
(lJ5M M) ~'''''' ... htn'l' ",-"" tt"'o'iwed
n!!iDJ( _ daIa ond • ~hoook'llY finl
owlird on. om:ill nl1lllbl'r of ro.mlrir><
iIl!he Iaot fl'P<lIl,
11K. Jl.'Q'I1t m'IItion
or "'-"""Y ~
~
COUnlM haI .......hl'd in loIS
""""trio.~ wilh popu1llipn. 0/1 miIIinn
or I~. In>l<lld DlIh<: 129 ,"'hidl"''ft'
1..:....1<'(\ In ,"" ~ ...".,.... In
lIRIrr 10 ~ 1 ' - ""'" """'"
tm ill IIX' maitl ~ and SlIl1 lMinlIIin -r .....wHIily. l!l<' ~1
...mmarirlll\;M· """" nIll"e<ll<J . ........
ndt IIbk' (tabtr 10)
Ch:IIlIl"" II.... ""'" m.k'- to twO
l:"licator.lllllh;'J'l*'51l'*'.
~ of ',;liD 1mt!«(t';.'lIiIIlI',
Iinm IJ!.I S tI>OI!IhJ. ICI 20-23 "''''Ilh...
1,... I""""k'llt<' or lrOilT<" in ~
ctuldrt'll is 11ll' ..'<'<IIld in<'IIn;iQn. This
~ ha5 Ill'tfI :«:\m«l by
UN ICIif IIId WHO r... mon~1lribg
Om-".
kldlnr dtiI<'lm<Y n'lturtIon. In' '" tJxo
lIIl'lb(JtJxo \\'<.rid Sununil r""a,iIdrrn.
~.whirll~ s~_ofll ...
EXPLANATION OF
SYMBOLS
~ lhl'aim ol\hl:_i.~...:don iI
a broad picI"", IJI 1M oil. ..
lion uI children and W\lI1ll'D ~.
dHalk:d .uta qualiIlcO\iorw and iolol·
lei pn;Mde
<10109 ""' ""'" JSII>llre lII'IlI'JPIiolt· for
l:l<iu:sluI, ~'. On!)' lW<l1\)mbols
~ .-d iD
~'t.
L""
J
lndiclll'" data thai"*" l<I}t'iII'>' or
~oIh<TillOlIlt-op<cifll'd in
Ihrrolumn hl.~ difloor from llw'
~ ..KYnl ddInilioo, or ,d r 1'lQ Q111y
pan '" a ""Will)'.
tJ5)l 1'! <'tIlimat<.. .,.. indi-.'ldual toun ...... 11ft primarily """"«I frum dIotII
...,po<U.od by !he IJniled ~'mion>o 1'"",,1ati<m IMisIon.ln """'" """'.... Ihto>Ie
ewm..ICS mlI)' ditr..'r Iron, lIIr lIIlellt ' 1lIlionaI fil:un. In Jl<," KuI, datlI
...w--d d.. rillll_;~ u..,
J>Ilt U
,.".BI«I in thefle
lalll_....,
tlllimo "'ll.
INDEX TO COUNTRIES
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Table 2: Nutrition
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An InltodlletlOl1lO Illble 9
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COUNTRY
GROUPINGS
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O£VElOPlNG COUNTRIES
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DEFINITIONS
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a ..... ,...,...... _ _ aI diIIIlrwI
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Income
f'ata •
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aI IJ'fl<lIIIII .., _
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it
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M.llntll mortillty rail
CtiIdrwIl ........ finII gradlI 01
P
at..- _ _ "" ..
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.......... 111 . . . . . , . . . . . . .
•
AbsoIut' poverty IMiI
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Contfacapuve pnlV'IaI'Ic'
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t
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Crod. t.rt!ll1tl
Tool fertjfty QUI
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MAIN SOURCES
Und.·ti¥I end infIlll motility
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t
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....
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Access 10 dunking water arid senIlatioo facllitlGS
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...
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1nfl311Ofl1lld 'bsolull poverty
.,
u penditurl on he.IIII.lilucltion
anddefence
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Household lIICome
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UNICt:I'/MIlAAif Murray-lH
Panrll ptl,V 10
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Panel l4. ,"".f6
UKICEfI J\'f"t1lI)" Han.Iry
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,-
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sanla F' d< I""",,",
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USICn'
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