Pak. Entomol. Vol. 32, No.1, 2010 PAKISTAN ENTOMOLOGIST ISSN 1017-1827 http://www.pakentomol.com email: pakentoeditor@gmail.com CHECK- LIST OF SPIDER FAUNA OF SINDH PROVINCE, PAKISTAN Tahira Jabeen Ursani and Naheed Mahmood Soomro Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. ABSTRACT The present survey conducted on the spiders of Sindh province, Pakistan during 2006-2009 and early part of 2010 has revealed 132 species belonging to 24 families and 73 genera from 16 districts. Keywords: Sindh, Spiders, families, genera, species. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Spiders belong to the largest order Araneae of the Class Arachnida of the Phylum Arthropoda. Over 38,000 species of spiders have been identified. Owing to their great ability to hide in a variety of habitats except true aquatic in nature, it is believed that about 200,000 species exist. All species are venomous, but only 40 species are known to be potentially deadly to humans. The spiders are carnivorous and voracious predators, feeding mainly on a variety of insects. Platnick (2004) has depicted world wide status of the taxonomy of the spiders. Several workers have studied the species from Asia (Gravely, 1931; Tikader, 1970; Tikader and Biswas, 1981; Tikader, 1982; Brignoli and Merrett, 1983; Platnick, 1989; Majumder and Tikader, 1991; Biswas and Biswas 1992; Biswas and Majumder, 1995). Unfortunately information available about the species of spiders of Pakistan and their distribution are fragmentary and scientifically inadequate as a few to no keys to spiders in Pakistan exist. The literature shows considerable portion of research work which has been carried out on spiders from Punjab (Dyal, 1935; Khatoon, 1985; Mushtaq et al., 1995; Butt, 1996; Ghafoor and Beg, 2002; Mukhtar, 2004). The species of spiders from Pakistan with special reference to Sindh has not been listed. Keeping this fact in view, an extensive survey was carried out in various localities of the Sindh province during the years 2006-2009 and 2010 in order to know the spiders’ fauna and its distribution in the region. Spiders were collected from different areas in 16 Districts of Sindh. The collection was done by hand picking, pitfall method, beat sheet method, sweep nets, by aspirator and for night survey strong head lamp was used to capture the wandering spiders. The spiders were found on foliage of the host plants which included crops and orchards, on herbs, shrubs, low vegetation, along the edges of water pools. They were also found concealed within a self made, saclike retreat, which consisted of rolled leaves, pair of leaves glued together, cells on the surface of leaves, cocoons under bark, in dead leaves or in the cavities inside the plants. They were found in the corners of the walls, windows, under the furniture, in wet etc., inside the houses. The spiders caught were brought to the laboratory in vials having 70% alcohol. The collected material was then preserved in separate vials containing 70% alcohol + few drops of glycerin and labeled after identification. The specimens were thoroughly examined under Stereoscope dissecting microscope. The identification was made with the help of keys and description given in books and other relevant literature. The classification of the collected material was carried out on the basis of external morphological characters which included arrangement of eyes, leg posture and numbers of tarsal claws. Beside their habitats, behavior also provided a clue to spider’s identification such as jumping diurnally active spiders (Salticidae) and orb weaving nocturnally active (Araneae). 18 Pak. Entomol. Vol. 32, No.1, 2010 Khatoon (1985), Mushtaq et al. (1995), Ghafoor and Beg (2002), Butt and Beg (1996) Butt (1996), Mushtaq et al. (2003) and Mukhtar (2004). An up to date list of spiders in the reported region is given for the guidance of future workers. Zodariidae has been recorded for the first time from Pakistan. RESULTS The present survey revealed 132 species belonging to 24 families and 73 genera from 16 Districts of Sindh. The majority of the spiders’ species have been described in earlier studies by workers such as FAMILY ARANEIDAE Clerck, 1757 i. Genus Araneus Clerck, 1757 1. A.pachganiensis Tikader, 1982 Jamshoro, Mirpurkhas, T. M. Khan 2. A. alboquadratus Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro , Qasimabad, Tandoallahyar 3. A. excelsus Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro, Tandoallahyar 4. A. formosellus Roewer, 1942 Jamshoro, Hyderabad ii. Genus Araniella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 5. A. displicata Hentz, 1847 Jamshoro, Sanghar, Badin iii. Genus Argiope Audouin, 1826 6. A. kanwali Mukhtar 2004 Jamshoro, Badin 7. A. caesarea Thorell, 1897 Dadu, Mehar, Benazirabad 8. A. Pulchella Thorell, 1881 Jamshoro, Umerkot, Karachi 9. A aatika Mukhtar 2004 Jamshoro, Dadu, Benazirabad iv. Genus Cyclosa Menge, 1866 10. C. mohini Dyal, 1935 Qasimabad, Jamshoro, Sanghar 11. C. punjabiensis Ghafoor &Beg, 2002 Jamshoro, Sanghar 12. C. chichawatniensis Mukhtar & Mushtaq, 2005 Dadu, Jamshoro, Mehar, Benazirabad v. Genus Cyrtophora Simon, 1864 13. C.citricola Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro, Hyderabad 14. C. cicatrosa Stoliczka, 1869 Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Thatta vi. Genus Eriovixia Archer, 1951 15. E. excelsa Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro, Qasimabad, Tandoallahyar 16. E. anastera Chamberlin, 1924 Hyderabad, Jamshoro, Qasimabad, T.M.Khan vii. Genus Gea C. L. Koch, 1843 17. G.heptagon Hentz, 1850 Jamshoro, Badin, Karachi, Thatta 18. G. margallai Mukhtar, 2004 Jamshoro, Mirpurkhas 19. G. subarmata Thorell, 1890 Jamshoro, Badin, T. M. Khan viii. Genus Larinia Simon, 1874 20. L .directa Hentz, 1847 Hyderabad, Jamshoro 21. L . phthisia L.Koch,1871 Sanghar, Hyderabad, Jamshoro ix. Genus Neoscona Simon, 1864 22. N.pavida Dyal, 1935 Thatta, Jamshoro, Hyderabad 23. N. hibiscusatus Mukhtar 2004 Hyderabad, Jamshoro 24. N .bengalensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 Jamshoro 25. N. rumpfi Thorell, 1878 Hyderabad, Jamshoro, Badin 26. N. domiciliorum Tikader, 1982 Jamshoro, T. M. Khan 27. N. nautica L. Koch, 1875 Karachi, Thatta, Jamshoro FAMILY CLUBIONIDAE Wagner, 1887 x. Genus Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 28. C. azhari Mukhtar 2004 Jamshoro , T. M. Khan 29. C. mukhtari Mukhtar 2004 Jamshoro, T. M. Khan 30. C. saccharanalis Mukhtar 2004 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 31. C. warsai Mukhtar 2004 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 32. C. denieli Tikader, 1975 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 33. C. himalayensis Gravely,1931 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 34. C. pashabhaii Patel & Patel, 1973 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro xi. Genus Clubiona Latreille, 1804 35. C. ludhianaensis Tikader, 1976 Jamshoro, T. M. Khan 19 Pak. Entomol. Vol. 32, No.1, 2010 36. C. drassodess Simon, 1914 Jamshoro, Badin 37. C. filicata O. P.-Cambridge, 1874 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro, Sanghar 38. C. kasurensis Mukhtar & Mushtaq, 2005 Jamshoro, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas FAMILY CORINNIDAE Karsch, 1880 xii. Genus Corinna C. L. Koch, 1841 39. C. propera Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro xiii. Genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 40. C. zetes Simon, 1897 Jamshoro, Jacobabad xiv. Genus Corinna C. L. Koch, 1842 41. C.propera Dyal, 1935 T. M. Khan, Badin, Larkana, Jacobabad FAMILY DYSDERIDAE C. L. Koch, 1837 xv. Genus Dysdera Thorell, 1873 42. D. laevigata Simon, 1914 T. M. Khan, Badin, Jamshoro FAMILY DICTYNIDAE O. P.-Cambridge, 1871 xvi. Genus Dictyna Heimer & Nentwig, 1991 43. D. albida O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 Karachi, Thatta, T.M.Khan FAMILY ERESIDAE C. L. Koch, 1850 xvii. Genus Stegodyphus Simon, 1873 44. S. pacificus Pocock, 1900 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro FAMILY FILISTATIDAE Ausserer, 1867 xviii. Genus Filistata Latreille, 1810 45. F.Kukulcania Lehtinen, 1967 Jamshoro, Mirpurkhas, Tharparkar FAMILY GNAPHOSIDAE Pocock, 1898 xix. Genus Gertschosa Platnick & Shadab, 1981 46. G. eucalyptus Ghafoor & Beg, 2002 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro, Mirpur khas xx. Genus Zelotes Gistel, 1848 47. Z. faisalabadiensis Ghafoor & Beg, 2002 Mirpur khas, Jamshoro, T. M. Khan 48. Z. illustris Butt & Beg, 2004 T. M. Khan ,Jamshoro 49. Z. pakistaniensis Butt & Beg, 2004 Hyderabad, Jamshoro, T.M.Khan xxi. Genus Drassodes Westring, 1851 50. D. saccatus Emerton, 1890 Jamshoro xxii. Genus Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804 51. G. scopoides Chamberlin, 1922 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 51. G. minosiella Dalmas, 1921 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 52. G. betpaki Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 T. M. Khan, Mirpur khas 53. G .zelotus Butt & Beg, 2004 Jamshoro, T. M. Khan xxiii. Genus Zelotes Gistel, 1848 54. Z. pakistaniensis Butt & Beg, 2004 Jamshoro, T. M. Khan xxiv. Genus Herpyllus Hentz, 1832 55. H. goaensis Tikader, 1982 Jamshoro 56. H. lativulvus Denis, 1958 Jamshoro 57. H. paropanisadensis Denis, 1958 Jamshoro FAMILY HYPOCHILIDAE Marx, 1888 xxv. Genus Hypochilus Simon, 1889 58. H.bonneti Gertsch, 1964 T. M. Khan, Mirpur khas, Jacobabad, Jamshoro FAMILY LYCOSIDAE Sundevall, 1833 xxvi. Genus Allocosa Banks, 1900 59. A. manmaka Roewer, 1960 Jamshoro, Mirpur khas xxvii. Genus Arctosa C. L. Koch, 1847 60. A. mulani Dyal, 1935 T. M. Khan, Mirpurkhas 61. Gladicosa Sp. T. M. Khan, Mirpurkhas, Jamshoro xxviii. Genus Hippasa Simon, 1885 62. H. pisaurina Pocock, 1900 Badin, T. M. Khan, Mirpur khas, Jacobabad, Jamshoro 63. H. aglenoides Simon, 1884 Mirpurkhas, Jamshoro, Sanghar xxix. Genus Lycosa Latreille, 1804 20 Pak. Entomol. Vol. 32, No.1, 2010 64. L. chaperi Simon, 1885 T. M. Khan, Mirpur khas, Jamshoro 65. L. harishi Dyal, 1935 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 66. L. nigricans Simon, 1886 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 67. L. basiri Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro 68. L. mackenziei Gravely, 1924 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 69. L. maculata Mello-Leitão, 1943 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro 70. L. lahorensis Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro, Badin xxx. Genus Paradosa Koch, 1848 71. P.lahorensis Dyal, 1935 Umerkot, T.M.Khan, Jamshoro 72. P. saxatilis Hentz, 1844 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro, Tandoallahyar 73. P. mulani Dyal, 1935 Hyderabad, Jamshoro 74. P. honga Simon, 1885 Tandoallahyar, Hyderabad, Jamshoro FAMILY NICODAMIDAE* Simon, 1897 xxxi. Genus Nicodamus Simon, 1897 75. N. dimidiatus Simon, 1897 Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Jamshoro FAMILY OECOBIIDAE Blackwall, 1862 xxxii. Genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 76. O. paivani Blackwall, 1868 Thatta, Hyderabad, Jamshoro xxxiii. Genus Uroctea Dufour, 1820 77. U.matthaii Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro FAMILY OXYOPIDAE Thorell, 1870b xxxiv. Genus Oxyopes Latreille, 1804 78. O. campii Mushtaq and A.Qadir, 1999 Jamshoro, Karachi 79. O. hindostanicus Pocock, 1901 Karachi, Hyderabad 80. O. ryvesii Pocock, 1901 Jamshoro 81. O.oryzae Mushtaq and A.Qadir, 1999 Jamshoro 82. O.wroughtoni Pocock, 1901 Jamshoro xxxv. Genus Peucetia Thorell, 1869 83. P.pabbii Stoliczka, 1869 Karachi, Hyderabad, Jamshoro FAMILY PHILODROMIDAE Thorell, 1870 xxxvi. Genus Philodromus ,1826 84. P. domesticus Tikader,1962 Badin, Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Thatta, Karachi FAMILY PHOLCIDAE C. L. Koch, 1850 xxxvii. Genus Artema Walckenaer, 1837 85. A. doriai Thorell, 1881 Dadu, Larkana, T. M. Khan 86. A. atlanta Walckenaer,1837 Dadu, Larkana, T. M. Khan, Jamshoro xxxviii. Genus Crossopriza Franganillo, 1926 87. C. lyoni Blackwall, 1867 Badin, Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Thatta xxxix. Genus Holocnemus Simon, 1907 FAMILY SALTICIDAE Blackwall,1841 xxxx. Genus Rhene Thorell, 1869 88. R. decorate Tikader,1977 Jamshoro, Umerkot 89. R. indica Tikader,1973 Umerkot, Jamshoro, T. M. Khan xxxxi. Genus Plexipus C. L. Koch, 1846 90. P. paykulli Audouin,1826 Badin, Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Thatta xxxxii. Genus Phidippus C. L. Koch, 1846 91. P. punjabensis Tikader,1973 Badin, Jamshoro, Hyderabad 92. P. indicus Tikader,1973 Umerkot, Jamshoro xxxxiii. Genus Penionomus Simon, 1903 93. P. dyali Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro xxxxiv. Genus Metaphidippus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 94. M. fulva Simon, 1868 Jamshoro, Badin, Hyderabad, Thatta, Karachi xxxxv. Genus Marpissa C. L. Koch, 1846 95. M. insignis Butt & Beg, 2000 Jamshoro, Badin 96. M. mirabilis Butt & Beg, 2000 Jamshoro, Dadu 97. M. tenebrosa Butt & Beg, 2000 Hyderabad, Latifabad, Mirpurkhas 21 Pak. Entomol. Vol. 32, No.1, 2010 98. M. rubroclypea Lessert, 1927 99. M. albens Dyal, 1935 xxxxvi. Genus Phlegra Simon,1876 100. P. dhakuriensis Mushtaq, Beg & Waris, 1995 101. P. swanii Mushtaq et al., 1995 xxxxvii. Genus Chalcoscirtus Bertkau, 1880 102. C. splendida Caporiacco, 1939 xxxxviii. Genus Bellota Peckham, 1892 103. B. livida Dyal, 1935 104. B. fascialis Dyal, 1935 xxxxix. Genus Evophrus Koch, 1834 105. E.auricolor Dyal, 1935 L. Genus Sitticus Simon, 1901 106. S.zaisanicus Logunov, 1998 Li. Genus Hentzia Marx, 1883 107. H. peckhami Cockerell, 1893 Lii. Genus Chrysilla Thorell, 1887 108. C.albens Dyal, 1935 Liii. Genus Myrmarachne Macleay,1839 109. M. laetus Thorell,1887 110. M. ramunni Dyal, 1935 111. M. orientales Tikader, 1973 112. M. maratha Tikader, 1973 Liv. Genus Menemerus Simon,1868 113. M.raji Dyal, 1935 Lv. Genus Thiania C. L. Koch, 1846 114. T. aura Dyal, 1935 FAMILY SCYTODIDAE Blackwall, 1864 Lvi Genus Scytodes Latreille, 1804 115. S. propinqua Stoliczka, 1869 FAMILY SPARASSIDAE Bertkau, 1872 Lvii. Genus Eusparassus Simon, 1903 116. E.fuscimanus Denis, 1958 Lviii. Genus Heteropoda Latreille,1804 117. H.kandiana Pocock,1899 Lix. Genus Olios O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 118. O. punjabensis Dyal, 1935 Jacobabad, Jamshoro, Karachi, Qaismabad Badin, Jacobabad Jamshoro, Qasimabad, Mirpurkhas Jamshoro Jamshoro, Matiari, Dadu Tandoallahyar, Jamshoro Qasimabad, Tandoallahyar Jamshoro Jamshoro Hyderabad, Jamshoro Jamshoro Mirpurkhas, Jacobabad Benazirabad Jamshoro Jamshoro Jamshoro T. M. Khan, Jamshoro Jamshoro, Matiari, Bhitshah, T. M. Khan Khairpur, Jamshoro,Thatta Karachi, Larkana Karachi, Larkana, Sanghar, Mirpur khas,T. M. Khan Mirpurkhas,T. M. Khan 119. O. lutescens Thorell,1894 FAMILY TENGELLIDAE Dahl, 1908 Lx. Genus Socalchemmis Platnick & Ubick, 2001 120. S.kastoni Platnick & Ubick, 2001 Jamshoro, Umerkoat Lxi. Genus Liocranoides Keyserling, 1881 121. L. flavescens Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 Mirpurkhas, Jamshoro FAMILY THERIDIIDAE Sundevall, 1833 Lxii. Genus Anelosimus Simon, 1891 122. A. chiloensis Levi, 1963 Jamshoro, Tandoaalahyar, Badin, Umerkot Lxiii. Genus Achaearanea O. P.-Cambridge, 1882 123. A. quadripunctata Simon, 1895 Dadu, T. M. Khan, Khaipur Mirus Lxiv. Genus Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 124. T. niger Urquhart, 1889 Sanghar, Umerkot, Jamshoro 125. T. aura Blackwall, 1864 Dadu, Kotri, Umerkot Lxv. Genus Thwaitesia O. P.-Cambridge, 1881 126. T.diversa O. P.-Cambridge, 1882 Jacobabad Lxvi. Genus Trigonobothrys Simon, 1888 127. T. aheneus Dyal,1935 Jacobabad , Jamshoro 22 Pak. Entomol. Vol. 32, No.1, 2010 Lxvii. Genus Spintharis Hentz, 1850 128. S. argenteus Dyal, 1935 Jamshoro FAMILY THOMISIDAE Sundevall, 1833 Lxviii. Genus Misumenoides Sp. Jamshoro Lxix . Genus Thomisus Walckenaer,1805 129. T. cherapunjeus Tikader, 1966 Khairpur Mirus, Jamshoro FAMILY TROCHANTERIIDAE* Karsch, 1879 Lxx. Genus Plator Simon, 1880 130. P. himalayaensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1976 T. M. Khan, Jamshoro FAMILY ULOBORIDAE Thorell, 1869 Lxxi. Genus Miagrammopes O. P.-Cambridge, 1870 131. M.albocinctus Simon, 1892 Jamshoro, Larkana Lxxii. Genus Uloborus Latreille, 1806 132. U. danolius Tikader, 1969 Kotri, Jamshoro FAMILY ZODARIIDAE* Theorell, 1881 Lxxiii. Genus Zodarion Sp. Walckenaer, 1826 Jamshoro, Mirpurkhas Gravely, F.H., 1931. Some Indian spiders of the Families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Rec. Indian Mus. Calcutta, 32: 211282. Khatoon, S., 1985. A checklist of Arachnids of Pakistan. Bull. Hydrobiol. Res., 36-37: 645-650. Majumder, S.C. and B.K. Tikader, 1991. Studies on some spiders for family clubionidae from India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occ. Pap., 102: 1-173. Mukhtar, M.K., 2004. Taxonomic studies on the foliage spider fauna of Punjab. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Mushtaq, S., M.A. Beg and M. Waris, 1995. A New Species and a new record for the Genus Phlegra Simon (Araneae: Salticidae) from Pakistan. Pak. J. Zool., 27: 241-244. Mushtaq, S., M.A. Beg and S. Aziz, 2003. Biodiversity and temporal variations in the abundance of cursorial spiders of a cotton field at Faisalabad. Pak. J. Zool., 35: 125-131. Platnick, N.J., 1989. Advances in spider taxonomy 1981-1987. Manchester University Press. 673 pp. Platnick, N.J., 2004. The World Spider Catalog, Version 5.0. American Museum of Natural History Online at http:// research.amnh.org/ entomology/spiders / catalog/index.html. Tikader, B.K. and B. Biswas, 1981. Spider fauna of Calcutta and vicinity part-I. Rec. Zool. Surv., India, Occ. Pap. No. 30: 1-148. Tikader, B.K. 1970. Spider fauna of Sikkim. Record Zool. Surv. India, 64: 1-83. Tikader, B.K., 1982. The fauna of India, spiders (Araneidae). 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