Schneider - Electric (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
Ilevo
Demonstration
16 August 2005
Welcome
on behalf of
Schneider-Electric (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
Joint Lecture Program of
Engineers Australia
IEEE NSW Section
IEE
2
Introductions:
Alan Steele
Group General Manager Services, Schneider-Electric.
Peter Hitchiner
Engineers Australia.
Dieter Hadrian
National Manager - Energy, Schneider-Electric.
Jeff Fry
Manager Telecommunications Development, Energy Australia.
Ross Yelland
BPL Development Manager, Schneider-Electric.
3
Program :
„ 12:00 – 12:15
Registration
„ 12:15 – 12:30
Review and welcome
„ 12:30 – 13:00
Broadband on Powerline (BPL) - Ilevo
† Dieter Hadrian
„ 13:00 – 13:30
Energy Australia
† Jeff Fry
„ 13:30 – 14:30
Product Presentation
† Dieter Hadrian
„ 14:30 – 14:45
Afternoon Tea
„ 14:45 – 15:45
Practical in situ Demonstration
† Ross Yelland and Dieter Hadrian
„ 15:45 – 16:00
Questions and Answers
4
Program :
„ 16:30 – 16:45
Registration
„ 16:45 – 17:00
Review and welcome
„ 17:00 – 17:30
Broadband on Powerline (BPL) - Ilevo
† Dieter Hadrian
„ 17:30 – 18:00
Energy Australia
† Jeff Fry
„ 18:00 – 18:15
Refreshments
„ 18:15 – 19:15
Product Presentation
† Dieter Hadrian
„ 19:15 – 20:15
Practical in situ Demonstration
† Ross Yelland and Dieter Hadrian
„ 20:15 – 20:30
Questions and Answers
5
Acknowledgements :
„ Energy Australia
„ Integral Energy
„ Engineers Australia
„ Norwest Business Park
6
Ilevo Broadband Powerline
Communications (BPL)
Dieter Hadrian
National Manager - Energy
CAUTION ADVICE
The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) tests
have shown that BPL System operation will adversely affect HF
Radio communications, including those of emergency services.
The joint engineering institutions recommend responsible
engineering practice be applied at all times so as not to impact any
other communication medium.
CAUTION ADVICE
1
Schneider Electric - Focus on Power & Control
Three global brands:
Residential
•2004 Sales of A$16.5 Billion
Energy
& Infrastructure
Industry
•85 000 Employees
•Represented in 130 countries
•A$1 Billion sales in Australia /
Pacific
Buildings
2
Specialist Brands
3
Ilevo Overview
„ Ilevo was established in 2000 by a team that had been conducting
research in the PLC domain for 15 years at Ericsson.
„ Schneider Electric acquired Ilevo in 2003 after having started our
investment in 2001.
Grenoble, France
„ Ilevo has a strong commitment direct from the Schneider Electric
CEO.
„ Back office (R&D, manufacturing etc) in Karlstad, Sweden.
„ Front office, responsible for developing and deploying support
systems, tools, software, training and support to Schneider country
organisations, in Grenoble, France.
„ Sales & distribution of Ilevo products to 130 countries.
Schneider local organisations are responsible for customer support, Karlstad, Sw eden
services, applications design, partnering arrangements etc.
4
Le potentiel est immense…
L’industrie exige toujours plus de flexibilité, de sécurité et de productivité,
d’où une demande toujours plus grande de solutions d’automatisation.
Les investissements de production d’énergie électrique des 20 prochaines
années seront plus importants que ceux de l’ensemble du XXéme siècle.
Les besoins de confort, de qualité de l’alimentation, de sécurité,
d’automatisation, d’intégration et de communication sont croissants.
Nos clients, parce qu’ils se recentrent sur leur métier souhaitent de plus
en plus de solutions complètes et personnalisées, avec des services à
haute valeur ajoutée pour augmenter leur performance.
La montée en puissance des nouvelles technologies de l’information et
des télécommunications, le développement perpétuel des installations de
transport et
les besoins croissants de traitement de l’eau sont d’autant d’éléments
nécessitant de plus en plus d’infrastructures.
Ilevo’s Mission
Give the best of broadband services
to everyone, everywhere at any time
through any power outlet
5
Le potentiel est immense…
L’industrie exige toujours plus de flexibilité, de sécurité et de productivité,
d’où une demande toujours plus grande de solutions d’automatisation.
Les investissements de production d’énergie électrique des 20 prochaines
années seront plus importants que ceux de l’ensemble du XXéme siècle.
Les besoins de confort, de qualité de l’alimentation, de sécurité,
d’automatisation, d’intégration et de communication sont croissants.
Nos clients, parce qu’ils se recentrent sur leur métier souhaitent de plus
en plus de solutions complètes et personnalisées, avec des services à
haute valeur ajoutée pour augmenter leur performance.
La montée en puissance des nouvelles technologies de l’information et
des télécommunications, le développement perpétuel des installations de
transport et
les besoins croissants de traitement de l’eau sont d’autant d’éléments
nécessitant de plus en plus d’infrastructures.
PLC to BPL
„ PLC has existed for decades but now we are on the threshold of a new era.
„ Bandwidth has now expanded to 200 Mbps compared to a few kbps only a
few years ago - Broadband PowerLine.
„ Component cost has decreased dramatically and will continue to decrease.
„ BPL devices can now support an increasing range of services - data, voice,
video, security etc.
„ Demand for telecommunications services continues to increase - data, voice,
video, security etc.
„ BPL represents the doorway for new capabilities on the electrical networks AMR, remote monitoring, demand management, tele-surveillance etc.
„ Separate markets are developing for narrowband PLC, broadband PLC and
in home PLC.
„ BPL has a place in the market for provision of broadband services.
„ Telecommunications networks have evolved from simple analogue
telephones to now support ADSL, ADSL2 etc.
„ Electrical networks can now evolve from power and simple communications
to now support broadband.
6
Evolution from PLC to BPL has accelerated in recent years with the
development of higher speed processors and improved signal processing
techniques.
Broadband Powerline (BPL) System Solution
„ Broadband Powerline systems use OFDM techniques to communicate over
Medium Voltage (up to 33kV) and Low Voltage power distribution lines.
„ Current generation DS2 technology operates at 205Mbps.
„ Products are now available to support large scale deployment on electricity
distribution networks and local area networks.
„ Network management software allows remote management of the BPL system.
„ The major applications are:
† ‘last mile’ access systems on utility networks.
† Multi unit and campus style local area networks.
Visualising the BPL total system solution
7
Generically there are two main areas of application for the present
technology - access and local loop. However, there are many specialist
areas which could see strong application of BPL. These will evolve
quickly over the next few years.
BPL in Practice
Access networks
Backbone
networks
System solution
Hotel, museum,
office networks
Inhome
networks
School and university
networks
8
BPL Applications
„ Voice, Data and Video Services.
„ Electricity Network Management Services.
„
„
„
„
Energy Services to End Users - time of use, demand management, etc.
Security and Surveillance Systems.
Gaming (Peer to Peer).
Secure billing services.
9
BPL can effectively support all of the data services traditionally supported
by other access technologies and has the additional benefit to utilities of
being well placed to support utility services very cost effectively.
BPL System
Outdoor networks
- Backbone
- Access
Indoor networks
- Interconnection of
buildings
- Extension of LAN
- In-office/home
10
The BPL system can be applied extensively throughout the MV and LV
distribution system. Connection to a backhaul network is required either
from the MV or LV system. Backhaul can be provided by fibre,
microwave, cable or any of the established high capacity technologies.
BPL and ADSL Could be Complementary
Technologies.
„ Topologies of telecommunications and
Bandwidth
VDSL
ADSL 2
power networks are quite different.
„ Differences can be used to significant
advantage.
„ Telephone exchanges serve several
thousand customers and therefore must
cover a significant area.
„ MV / LV substations (kiosks or
padmounts or pole mounted) serve
between say 50 and 200 consumers
with short LV service distances to avoid
voltage drop.
„ Therefore substations are generally
much closer to customers.
ADSL
Telephone
exchange
1-2 kms
2-4 kms
Range
50%
75%
Population
11
BPL technology can be utilised in many ways in a telecommunications
network.
One is as a complementary technology to ADSL utilising the different
topology of a telecommunications network compared to an electrical
distribution network. As electrical substations service a smaller number of
consumers per site the distance between head end and customer can be
greatly reduced. It is also possible to be much more targeted in the BPL
deployment.
ADSL 512k - ADSL 2+ 1M
„ Provision of a 512k service with ADSL or
„ 1M service with ADSL2+
ADSL
BPL
12
In some situations it may not be possible to support a 1Mbps (ADSL 2+)
or 512kbps (ADSL) service to consumers throughout the target area. BPL
can be utilised in a very selective way to access these customers.
ADSL 2+ 2M
„ Provision of a 2M service with ADSL2+
ADSL 2+
BPL
13
In the case of a 2Mbps service (about the minimum required to deliver
reasonable quality compressed video) it is necessary to consider an ADSL
2+ network (now being deployed in many areas) but even then there are
potentially significant gaps in the coverage. These can be very effectively
addressed by deploying BPL into these areas.
ADSL 2+ 5M
„ Provision of 5M service with ADSL2+
ADSL 2+
BPL
14
The potential for BPL is further increased when a 5Mbps customer service
is considered using ADSL 2+.
Note that these comparisons assume a uniform capacity demand across
the service area. In reality consumers will be seeking services of various
capacities throughout the area so each case will effectively apply
simultaneously.
Interoperability & Coexistence
„ Worldwide Interoperability
† Major PLC vendors want to provide systems and products that are interoperable and
easily integrated
† A utility or telecom company should not have to think about which cells
are equipped with what products
„ Co-existence
† Co-existence between access and in-home is required for second generation
systems
† Universal co-existence specifications are being defined as the basis for global
regulations and standards
† Chip vendors, access and inhome vendors, regulatory bodies, etc. are co-operating
at a high level to define and issue these specifications
† Global view of coexistence (AMR/EMS)
„ Reuse of existing work done in several working groups / Forums
- Opera, PLC Forum...
15
Interoperabilty between manufacturers (at least at the level of the main
services) is essential to demonstrate a mature BPL market and to give
telecommunications companies and utilities confidence to invest
signiciantly in this area. All of the major manufacturers are well aware of
this need and actively engaged in the develoment of interoperability
stsndards.
Likewise for coexistance between the different BPL technologies,
particularly access, in home and narrowband PLC. Organisations such as
the Universal Powerline Association are active in this area.
Involvement of Ilevo in standardization
„ French delegate of the CISPR/I in charge of including the PLC in the CISPR22,
Member of CIPSR/I/W G3
„ Member of the CISPR French mirror committee
„ Appointed by the French electricity standardization organization (UTE) to lead the
CISPR New Work Item on an EMC standard for powerline communication equipment
„ Member of the CENELEC SC205A and SC205A W G10, in charge of developing
European standards for PLC equipment
„ Chair the French mirror committee of the CENELEC SC205A
„ Member of the CENELEC/ETSI Joined Working Group in charge of developing
European standards for telecommunication networks
„ Member of the ETSI PLT in charge of developing European standards for PLC
equipment, rapporteur of W G on access MAC & PHY standards.
„ Member of the IEEE BPL study group. Leader of the EMC recommendations part.
„ Chair the Universal Powerline Association (UPA) that develops the PLC coexistence
standards between access and in-home systems
„ Member of the OPERA project in charge of developing the next generation of PLC
European standardized technology
„ Board member of the PLCforum (European association for PLC)
16
The standardisation of BPL is well advanced in all of the main
telecommunications bodies world-wide - CISPR, CENELEC, IEEE, ETSI.
An effective framework of standards will be in place in the near future.
This is essential to give regulators and major corporations confidence to
deploy BPL extensively.
BPL Components - Customer
„ Customer Premises Equipment (CPE):
† CPE with Ethernet, USB, VoIP.
† Separate CPEs with Ethernet, VoIP and USB.
† CPE with UPS.
† CPE with WiFi.
† CPE Set Top Box - TV and Video Outlet.
„ Capabilities:
†
†
†
†
†
†
Ethernet, USB. 10/100 baseT
VoIP embedded H 323 interface
SIP IEFT embedded interface.
MeGaCo.
Smart Card - Credit Card Functionality.
Routing and firewall capabilities.
17
Note: Items in black text are presently available, those in blue are
planned for the next 12-18 months.
The customer interface needs to support a variety of services depending
on the customer’s requirements. These functions will evolve significantly.
BPL Components - Infrastructure
„ Head end and repeater Equipment:
† Transformer Equipment (TE) Rack.
z Modular rack for 1, 2 and 3 PLC units.
Power supply unit.
Head end and repeater functions.
Single box repeater.
z Frequency division.
z Time division.
UPS for TE.
z
z
†
†
„ Capabilities:
† Head end and repeater for MV and LV PLC.
† Remote configuration.
† Interference management.
† Automatic best phase selection.
† Update and automatic download via FTP.
† Multi feeder injection.
†
Multicast, video streaming, advanced encryption, routing capabilities.
18
BPL Components - Coupling
„ Coupling units.
† Medium Voltage and Low Voltage coupling.
† Capacitive and inductive devices.
† Overhead and underground systems.
„ Associated components:
† Signal distribution boxes.
† Filters.
† Connectors, fuses, cables.
„ Installation components:
†
†
†
†
Enclosures, mounting accessories.
Street pits, pillars, racks.
Voltage transformers - 11kV, 22kV, 33kV.
UPS and other components.
19
BPL Components - Software
„ Network management system:
† Windows based.
† Java.
„ Analysis tools.
„ Capabilities:
† Remote configuration and management.
† Billing solutions.
† Interference management.
20
1
Ilevo BPL
Technical
Dieter Hadrian
National Manager - Energy
CAUTION ADVICE
Australia Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) tests have shown
that BPL Communications will adversely affect HF Radio
Communications, including those of emergency services.
The joint Engineering Institutions recommend responsible engineering
practices be applied in any BPL communications systems to avoid
impacting any other communication medium.
CAUTION ADVICE
1
DS2 Chipsets - The core of Ilevo BPL
„
„
„
„
DS2 technology based on ARC 3 processor
OFDM modulation (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
1536 carriers for a maximal bandwidth
Maximum physical throughput 205 Mbps
„ 4 different chipsets :
DSS9001
DSS9002
DSS9003
DSS9010
2
The BPL technology was developed by the Spanish company DS2 based
in Valencia. The system uses spread spectrum techniques with 1536
carriers used simultaneously to provide a maximum data capacity at the
physical layer of around 205 Mbps.
OFDM techniques are used to encode the data onto these carriers,
Similar techniques are used for many of the digital communications
technologies in use today including digital TV, mobile phones and radio.
Four different chips are used to provide different product functionality but
all support the same 205Mbps data transmission system.
G2 Products – Transformer Equipment (TE)
„ Description
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
RACK Format
Designed for MV and LV applications
1 to 3 PLC Slots
1 Power Module
Robust mechanical design
Designed to be installed into kiosks or
pole mounted enclosures
Also used as Intermediate Repeater (IR)
„ Interfaces
†
†
†
†
DSS 9002
DSS 9003
†
Ethernet 10/100/1000 Mbps
FiberOptic Interface
PLC interface
100-240 Volts power supply
12 Volts DC (optional)
3
The main component of the infrastructure equipment is the transformer
equipment rack. The rack is available for 1, 2 or 3 PLC modules and can
function as head end of an MV or LV PLC system or as a repeater in time
division (TDD) or frequency division (FDD) modes. (Covered in later
slides).
The backplane of the rack provides Ethernet connectivity between PLC
modules. Each module supports two Ethernet connections (including the
backplane) plus a PLC interface.
The power supply module operates from either an AC supply (100 to
240V) or a 12VDC supply.
G2 Products – Customer Premises
Equipment (CPE)
„ CPE
†
†
†
†
†
DSS 9001
Ethernet Interface
Voice Over IP Interface
USB Interface
PLC Interface
C-tick and A-tick approval
z
Remotely managed by TE equipment for :
– Quality of Service
– VoIP Service
z
White plus 4 colours available
– blue
– red
– orange
– yellow
4
The customer premises equipment (CPE) supports the services offered to
the end user. The standard CPE supports Ethernet, USB and VoIP
interfaces. The CPE is remotely managed.
The CPE is transparent as far as the end user interfaces are concerned.
G2 Products - Intermediate Repeater (IR)
„
„
„
„
„
„
Single box for time division repeater - ILV2110
Single box for frequency division repeater - ILV2120
IP54 package.
Fan less design.
Aluminium housing.
100-240VAC Power supply.
„
„
„
„
„
DSS9002 Chipset.
Max 1024 MAC addresses
Active PLC connections - 64.
Two coupler interfaces.
One Ethernet 10/100 Base T interface.
5
To reduce the cost and size of a network deployment, a single box
repeater is available (either as TDD or FDD). This repeater is functionality
equivalent to a TE rack with either one or two PLC modules but is
dedicated to one application or the other.
ILV201 Data CPE Modem
„
„
„
„
End user modem for data - Ethernet.
DSS9010 Chipset.
Up to 16 active VLANs.
One Ethernet 10/100 Base T interface.
„ Currently undergoing type approvals
6
There will be various CPEs for different applications and situations. The
ILV201 is a more compact CPE and supports an Ethernet interface only.
It uses the DSS9010 processor which is lower performance (in terms of
supported services) and lower cost.
G2 Products – OSS / BSS and Tools
„ NMS-500 Management Software
†
†
†
†
Design for small or large deployment
Network Monitoring
Remote usage available
DHCP, Radius, FTP Servers included
„ ILEVO Tools
†
Complete offer of tools to help people
with installation and simple configuration
†
Example :
z ConfigPLC
z SNRViewer
z SNMP Tools
7
The management software is a vital component of the BPL system. It
supports small or large deployments (up to several thousand CPEs) and
provides remote configuration and management of the BPL networks as is
necessary for a telecommunications network.
For very large networks, the management of the BPL devices would be
integrated into the telcos primary management system.
A number of tools are also available for performance analysis and to
assist in the optimisation of the network.
The tools also enable remote upgrade to the device firmware to support
upgraded functionality.
G2 Products – Net Conditioning
„ Capacitive coupling
†
†
†
†
†
Can be use on MV and LV
Possibility to inject on 1, 2 or 3 phases and on many feeders
Requires a physical connection to conductors
The only way to inject on a full MV overhead cable network
Cost effective solution for low voltage injection
„ Inductive coupling
†
†
†
†
†
†
Can be use for MV and LV
Possible to inject on 1, 2 or 3 phases and on many feeders simultaneously
Easy to install and not necessary to expose conductors
Commonly used in LV meter rooms and for repeaters
Cost effective method for injection on low current networks
Coupling method easier to install on high current networks
8
The coupling system is a vital component of the BPL network. Couplers
are available for inductive or capacitive coupling onto MV (11kV, 22kV or
33kV) or LV networks. The couplers transfer the RF signal onto the
primary power conductors and provide the primary isolation between the
different systems.
A wide range of coupling devices are required to cover the multitude of
applications encountered in real life.
The choice of coupler for any particular situation will depend on many
factors including the available space, installation practices, etc. and, very
importantly, cost.
G2 Products – Software and network features
„
„
„
„
„
Bridge L2 PLC – Ethernet, PLC – USB
3 PLC Mac layer embedded: MV, LV, in-home
VLAN
OVLAN
STP
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
DHCP
FTP / TFTP
HTTP Server
Auto configuration
Management by SNMP
Secure Flash Upgrade
Encryption DES / 3DES
„ VOIP
†
†
†
†
Voice codec's : G711, G729a, G729ab
Voice signalling : H323, SIP by October
Echo cancellation
DTMF Detection and Generation
9
The network features supported by the BPL system are considered
essential to manage a network within a telecommunications environment.
They support VLANs, OVLANs, STP, FTP, TFTP, HTTP server functions.
BPL System : Electrical Network
10
The nature of BPL systems is that they are very scalable and can be
targeted at quite specific areas. A TPE head end can be installed at any
convenient point in the network where a connection to a backhaul system
can be made. Repeaters can be installed in nearby substations or on the
LV network to extend the coverage and maintain the available bandwidth.
The head end equipment can be installed on the MV or LV network
depending on the locations of proposed CPEs to be connected.
BPL technology
„ Ilevo products are based on DS2 technology.
„ DS2 (Design of Systems on Silicon) is based in Valencia, Spain.
„ Several manufacturers are licensed by DS2 which is becoming the de-facto
standard.
„ OFDM : Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
† Uses 1536 frequency carriers for maximum bandwidth
† Uses 3 different frequency configurations
z 10 MHz link
z 20 MHz link
z 30 MHz link
† 12 injection modes available from 3 to 33 MHz to create different links
† Programmable frequency spectrum using power masking technology allows
individual carriers to be suppressed.
„ Half Duplex technology
„ 205 Mbps maximum throughput
11
The BPL technology developed by DS2 has become the de-facto standard
for access BPL systems in several countries (mainly in Europe) and
appears to be establishing the same position in Australia.
The DS2 technology uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with
1536 carriers used simultaneously. These carriers can be used in various
frequency band configurations to establish 10MHz, 20MHz and 30MHz
links or modes.
Twelve standard link modes are available and it is possible to configure
additional modes. The modes are used to optimise network performance
and to facilitate frequency separation for frequency division repetition.
The modes should also be selected to avoid ambient noise and to match
the transmission characteristics of the electrical network.
In addition to mode selection, it is possible to individually suppress carriers
to avoid potential interference at critical frequencies.
ODFM Modulation : Overview
„ OFDM uses multiple carriers with data bits coded using two principal coding methods :
† QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation). After measurement of the Signal to
Noise Ratio (SNR) for each carrier of the PLC signal on the signal path, the
software assigns a number of bits to each carrier (0 to 10 bits max).
† HURTO (High-performance Ultra-Redundant Transmission OFDM). This mode is
used when the SNR is very low. In this case the software assigns a maximum of 2
bits to each carrier.
„ Each ‘symbol’ is transmitted in a signal burst of approximately 80 µs.
Signal to
Noise
Ratio
Threshold 10 bpc
Threshold 8 bpc
Threshold 6 bpc
Threshold 4 bpc
Threshold 2 bpc
12
Encoding of data uses one of two OFDM modulation techniques. The first
step in the modulation process is the measurement of the signal to noise
ratio at each of the carrier frequencies.
Based on this measurement QAM (normal operation) or HURTO
modulation is selected. In QAM up to 10 bits of data can be encoded onto
each carrier with ideal signal to noise ratio. As the signal to noise ratio is
reduced the number of data bits encoded is also reduced.
Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
„ Adjusts the level of reception and emission of the signal from the CPE to the TPE
according to the distance between each component
„ The objective is to optimise the performance to each CPE irrespective of the distance
from the master
„ Avoids saturation of the receiving section of the equipment.
„ Each CPE has an AGC system for emission and reception but the master has only 1
AGC system for all its connected CPEs. Each time a new CPE is connected, the
master checks the best AGC configuration for all its connected CPEs and repeaters.
TPE
CPE2
CPE1
Level of signal reception come from the
TPE to the CPE2
Level of signal reception come from the
TPE to the CPE1
13
Automatic Gain Control is applied between the CPEs and TPE to ensure
that the signal levels do not saturate the receiving parts of the units. The
CPE sets its own individual level whereas the TPE level is set to provide
an acceptable level for each CPE.
Whenever the TPE detects a new CPE the AGC level is adjusted.
Link Frequencies and Associated Modes
„ Frequencies used [3 – 34 MHz]
„ 3 types of links (10, 20 and 30 MHz)
„ 12 modes available.
„ 6 Default modes :
MODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
BANDWIDTH (MHz) FROM (MHz) To (MHz)
10
3
13
10
13.5
23.5
10
24
34
20
3
23
20
14
34
30
4
34
3
13
23
34 MHz
14
As mentioned previously the units support various link modes across the
available frequency band from 3MHz to about 34MHz.
The first six of these modes are the basic 10, 20 and 30MHz bands.
There are twelve default modes available.
BPL Architecture
„ Repeaters :
† Frequency division repeaters :
z
z
z
†
Two PLC modules are used, 1 in slave mode, 1 in master mode connected
together by the backplane (Rack).
A different injection mode is used on the master than is used to listen with
the slave module.
This configuration creates 2 different logical PLC networks.
Time division repeaters :
z
z
z
Only 1 PLC module is required for TD mode repeaters.
The same frequency band and mode is used to repeat.
Time slots are created by the master of the complete TD network to speak
and are allocated to the master and each slave to speak.
15
Apart from the head end units and CPEs, the BPL architecture require
repeaters to extend the coverage as necessary and to maintain the
bandwidth at an acceptable level (to provide the required services at the
end user).
The repeaters can be either time division (TDD) or frequency division
(FDD).
Frequency division repeaters consist of two PLC units, each operating in a
different frequency mode (without overlapping frequencies). One PLC
acts as a slave to the upstream master (head end or repeater) and the
other acts as a master to the next downstream repeater or CPE. The data
a repeated after a very short delay onto the second frequency band.
Time division repeaters consist of a single PLC unit. The unit acts
alternately as a slave and as a master. The TDD repeater operates in a
single frequency mode. The repeater creates a slight delay in signal
transmission as is first listens and then repeats. The master for any
particular zone of the PLC network allocates and controls the frequency
slots used by all devices in that zone.
Network 1
200 Mbps Max on PLC layer
PLC architecture
Injection In Mode 1
Network 2
200 Mbps Max on PLC Layer
Injection In Mode 5
Frequency Division architecture
16
A typical frequency division architecture is shown above. The master and
its directly connected CPEs operate in Mode 1. The reception (slave) part
of the repeater also operates in this mode.
The transmission (master) part of the repeater operates in Mode 5 along
with all of the CPEs connected to it along with any further TDD or FDD
repeaters.
Time Division architecture
PLC architecture
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Only 1 Network
200 Mbps Max on PLC layer
Injection In Mode ‘X’
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17
A typical time division (TDD) architecture is shown above. The master,
repeater and all CPEs operate in the same mode.
The master controls the allocations of time slots throughout the whole
network.
The allocation will vary based on the activity of each CPE and repeater at
any particular time and the QoS allocation for the various CPEs.
PLC architecture
„ Frequency planning for frequency division repeater usage
18
Frequency planning is particularly important when frequency division
repeaters are used.
Between consecutive sections of network it is necessary to use different,
non-overlapping frequency modes. The frequency modes can be re-used
when the attenuation exceeds 30dB. In this way it is possible to cycle the
frequency modes throughout the network.
If the required attenuation between sections is not achieved, then it is
possible to introduce some additional attenuation (suppression ferrites or
shunt capacitors) or to introduce a section operating in time division (TDD)
to lengthen the separation between zones.
Frequency planning in TDD is more concerned with the ability to transmit
over the required distances and to manage potential interference.
Capacitive coupling - low voltage
„ This method requires a physical connection of the coupler to the primary conductors.
„ Usually this requires an outage of the power network.
„ The power loss at the connection point is very low (between 1 to 2 dB)
Single phase
capacitive coupler
19
Single phase capacitive couplers are widely used for coupling to LV
networks. These capacitors are relatively inexpensive and are simple to
connect. In most cases this requires an outage of the LV circuit, however,
it is possible to use insulation piercing connectors to make the connection
to the LV circuit and these may be fitted live.
The insertion loss of the capacitive coupler is low.
Capacitive coupling - low voltage
„ Equivalent to three single phase
coupling units in 1 box
„ Very useful in indoor situations
„ The power loss at the
connection point is very low
(between 1 to 2 dB)
Three phase coupling unit =>
20
The capacitive coupler can also be applied as a 3 phase device. This unit
is fitted into a simple plastic box with cable glands for incoming and
outgoing connections.
Standard LV wire is used for the connection to the conductors.
Screened, twisted 50 ohm cable is used for the connection to the head
end or repeater.
Capacitive coupling – low voltage : indoor application
„ Direct connection on the switchboard busbars
„ Direct connection also on secondary switchboards
„ Use of single or three phase capacitive coupling units
21
Connection between the PLC equipment and the LV circuits is simple in
principle but some skill is required to ensure that the connections are
effective, avoid reflections and unnecessary loss of signal.
Some ‘trial and error’ may be required to achieve the most effective
connections in each case.
Simple in-line fuses are usually fitted to disconnect the coupler in the
event of a fault in that area.
Capacitive coupling – low voltage : MV/LV Substation
application
„ Used very often for the connection to the
switchboard in the MV/LV transformer
substation.
„ Uses of the same type of couplers as for the
low voltage - indoor application
„ Injection on more than 3 phases needed in
most of cases.
„ Need additional distribution boxes to allow
injection on more than the 3 phases of one
circuit (multi feeder injection).
„ Injection onto the customer side of the feeder
so that access maintained even with the
supply off.
„ Ability to install RF shunts if necessary to
allow the created of separate BPL ‘cells’
within a substation.
100 ohm
100 ohm
S amtliga trafos Z =1:2
100 ohm
100 ohm
MODE M
50 ohm
50ohm
Z=1:2
Zin=100 ohm
100 ohm
100 ohm
50 ohm
50 ohm
100 ohm
100 ohm
50 ohm
100ohm
100 ohm
50 ohm
100 ohm
100ohm
50 ohm
100 ohm
100 ohm
22
In many cases it would be possible to install the coupling on the incoming
side of an LV switchboard and this would require a simple single coupler
(usually 3 phase).
However, this does not ensure an even coverage of all of the circuits
connected to the switchboard and would not provide a signal if the
protective device is open. This later point is not usually a problem as it is
often acceptable for the signal to be absent if the power is also off.
However, opening and closing of adjacent circuits could affect the signal
strength of circuits and this may not be acceptable. Also circuits which do
not need BPL coverage may be covered to the detriment of circuits that
require coverage (wasting the output power of the PLC unit).
It is therefore better to couple the signal to the outgoing sides of the LV
circuits and a signal distribution box is available to ensure a relatively even
distribution of the signal to multiple circuits.
Example : capacitive coupling
23
Coupling to the LV busbars is feasible and should preferably to made at
the centre of the busbar to provide more even coverage.
Capacitive coupling – low voltage : outdoor application
multi phase injection
†
Injection on each
feeder
z
Single phase capacitive
coupling
z
Fuse protection
z
Signal distribution box
z
Power to the head end or
repeater
24
More effective coupling can be made directly to the outgoing feeders via a
signal distribution box.
It is often sufficient to couple only to one phase of a three phase circuit.
Cross coupling between phases is usually sufficient to guarantee that all
phase have an adequate signal strength.
Example : inductive coupling
25
Inductive coupling on LV can also be very effective. A single signal wire
can often be looped onto multiple feeders to give an effective distribution.
This coupling consists of a set of ferrite cores placed around two of the
conductors (two phases or phase and neutral). The PLC signal wire is
then simply looped through these ferrites.
The direction of the loop is critical to coupler performance.
With inductive coupling it is very important that the installation is
performed neatly and tightly to minimise signal loss due to stray
inductances and loose coupling.
Example : street cabinet / meter room
26
At the meter point or the incoming switchboard, signal attenuation can be
an issue and it may be prudent to install a signal bypass and shunt
capacitors to improve the signal transmission to the end users.
The by-pass is tuned to the RF frequencies and does not affect the power
circuit.
The shunt capacitors reduce the strength of signal transmitted through the
meter and switchgear to minimise interference with the bypass signal.
Capacitive coupling - medium voltage
=> phase - earth injection
OVERCAP
OVERCAP
The quality of the link depends on:
Red line represents the communication path
Cable section
Constant
Cable height
Vble
Earthling quality
Vble
27
On medium voltage overhead systems, the most effective coupling system
is usually capacitive. The capacitive units can usually be installed live
using standard live line techniques traditionally used by the distribution
utilities.
Using a single capacitive coupler, a signal path can be established
between one phase and earth.
Capacitive coupling - medium voltage
=> phase - phase injection
OVERCAP
OVERCAP
OVERPHASE
OVERPHASE
Rx
Tx
The quality of the link depends on:
Red line represents the communication path
Cable section
Constant
Distance bet ween cables
Constant
28
Phase to phase injection can be achieved by installing two of the couplers
and connecting the PLC unit in phase-phase mode.
Capacitive coupling - medium voltage
=> phase - earth injection
OVERCAP
Tx
Capacitive – capacitive solution
UNDERCAP
Rx
Blue line represents the communication path
29
In a network with overhead and underground lines, capacitive couplers
can still be used.
Note that there is some signal loss at the transition between overhead and
underground due to the mismatch in impedance at that point.
Mixed Coupling – Medium voltage : Phase - Earth
OVERCAP
Tx
UNIC
Capacitive – inductive solution
Rx
Blue line represents the communication path
30
Alternatively, an inductive coupler can be installed on the underground
part of the system (as this is often easier with underground cables).
Note that with underground couplers the transformer winding impedance
is part of the signal circuit.
Inductive Coupling
„ In this method, there is no physical connection to the electrical conductor
„ Can be installed without a power outage in 50 % of cases
„ Connection loss power quite low (between 2 to 5 dB)
Inductive Coupler 300A used for Medium Voltage =>
31
Installing an inductive coupler on a medium voltage underground circuit is
relatively simple as connection to the live conductor is not required.
(However, an outage may be required to gain access to the cable
termination enclosures fitted to the switchgear).
Note that this coupler is fitted over the cable screen and that the cable
screen connection is fed back through the coupler.
MV Coupling Devices Summary
UNDERCAP
PLUGTAP
UNIC
OVERCAP
32
A complete range of coupling devices are available for medium voltage:
Overcap - capacitive coupler for overhead lines.
Plugtap - capacitive coupler for underground cable terminations.
Undercap - capacitive coupler for bare substation connections (busbars,
open cable terminations).
Unic - inductive coupler for underground cables.
1
Ilevo Broadband Powerline
Communications (BPL)
Demonstration
Dieter Hadrian
Ross Yelland
Overview of Demonstration
Three main components of the demonstration :
„ LV in-building system (Training room 2)
„ MV (11kV) Access system (Workshop area)
„ NMS 500 and System Deployment (Workshop area)
Objective
„ To demonstrate the practical implementation of BPL networks.
2
To demonstrate :
„
„
„
„
„
„
Frequency planning and transmission modes.
Network planning.
Repeaters
3 phase Capacitive coupling installation
MV Inductive coupling and installation
Network management
3
Physical network overview
Century Estate
Router /Basic Firewall
DS
Ll
ine
ILV22B2
ILV22M2 x 2
NOC
(see later diagram)
Cat 5
C
at5
3
ILV22B1
ILV22M2 x 1
DB2 (W/H workshop)
DB4 (Offices)
DB5 (Workshop)
3
ILVCCMV
DB3 (offices)
DB1 (Warehouse)
SB
ILV22B3
ILV22M2 x 3
3
3
ILV2CC3
3
3
ILV2SDB
200A
TP
DB6
ILV2CC3
UPS
ILV2CC3
400A
TP
160A
TP
160A
TP
160A
TP
MV Integral
Energy Line
63A
TP
Main Switch Board
PM
Power
Meter
kW H
Integral
Energy
Meters
A
Power
Meter
Display
ILV22B2
ILV22M2 x 2
ILV2CC3
3
ILVCCMV
4
Performance Objectives :
LV In Building System : Designed with the following objectives
„ For the administrative portion of the building to deliver from a single point, the
“Head-end” to 95% of the GPO’s the following performance measured at the
IP layer:
†
10 Mbps down-load speed (customer perspective) for 80% of the time
† 5 Mbps symmetric download/upload speed for 99% of the time
†
A small packet (<100 bytes) shall have a one way latency averaged
over any 30 second period of < 40ms to the head-end, or 60ms should
powerline repeaters be necessary.
MV External System :
„ SE LV Access - 5Mbps up/download for 80% of the GPO’s assuming no filtering
„ Century building - 20 Mbps up/download speed for 99% of the time
„ 11kV MV Ring - 80 Mbps up/download both ways for 90% of the time
5
Key physical features
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Simple Head-end
Ethernet backplane
3 Phase Capacitive coupling
Single Capacitive coupling
Inductive coupling
Attenuation ferrites
Modes to avoid cross coupling
6
Frequency Planning
1
5
10
15
DB2 Workshop
20
25
30
34 MHz
(Planned) Mode 5/9
150 Mbps
Mode 5/9
150 Mbps
(Disabled) Mode 5/9
150 Mbps
Internal
DB3 Gnd Floor Offices
DB4 1st Floor offices
DB5 Workshop (external feed)
84 Mbps
Mode 10
Mode 5/9
MV Network
SE LV access feed
84 Mbps
Mode 10
CE LV feed
150 Mbps
External
84 Mbps
Mode 10
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
34 MHz
7
NMS
„ A package containing all the essential modules to manage a system.
„ The head end and network run VLANs.
„ VLAN’s and IPSec tunnels are a way of securing individual packets of info
† Traffic light control, monitoring camera, network control, meter readings
8
Inbuilding/ MV system
Remote Test Site
GND
BPL
Training
Room
172.16.245.1 6531
255.255.255.0
B2
B3
FC3 "Myth"
Video Server
1ST BPL
Wksh
BPL
VLAN5 > IPSec >NMS
VLAN10 > WWW
10.0.5.11 66A8
255.255.255.0
10.0.5.12 6668
255.255.255.0
xDSL
WWW
xD
SL
IPSec
>>
NMS
Demo
Switchboard
LV building
access
B2
B1
10.0.5.20 6732
255.255.255.0
Firewall
DHCP
DHCP Service
10.0.10.1 10.0.10.200
203.49.234.94
255.255.255.248
10.0.5.21
66ED LV S2
10.0.5.22
66AA MV S1
255.255.255.0
11KV
"Trunk"
10.0.5.23
667E MV S1
10.0.5.24
SubstationCE 66E8 MV S2
255.255.255.0
B2
LV Access
link
10.0.5.254
255.255.255.0
Cisco 1700
Router
SubstationSE
PC 10.0.10.1+
255.255.255.0
10.0.10.254
255.255.255.0
Cisco 2712
VLAN Switch
VLAN5 > 10.0.5.1/24
CPE on
10.0.5.100+
255.255.255.0
10.0.5.253
255.255.255.0
10.0.10.253
255.255.255.0
Cisco 850 Router
VLAN10 > 10.0.10.1/24
10.0.5.10 673F
255.255.255.0
VLAN 5
>> NMS
VLAN10
10.0.10.1 / 24
Note:
VLAN10 for general traffic
VLAN5 for management
VLAN(?) for VoIP
VLAN(?) for anciliary data
VLAN5
10.0.5.1 / 24
203.49.234.89
255.255.255.248
Century
Building
Customer Router
Bay HUB
VLAN5 > IPSec >NMS
VLAN10 > WWW
203.49.234.93
255.255.255.248
Building Customer
W2K
1) NMS500
2) Deployment Manager
(plDHCP)
(plTFTP)
(plRadius)
(plFTP)
203.49.234.91
255.255.255.248
Centos 4.0
Radius
203.49.234.92
255.255.255.248
Centos 3.4
Asterisk
Network Operations
Schneider-Electric
Pty Ltd
Demo network
Engineers
Australia
8/11/2005
9
Groups
„ Two groups
„ One to remain in this room
„ One to follow signs to the workshop area to see
NMS 500 and Switchboard
Note:
In the workshop please stay within marked areas.
10
Substation Installation
11
Substation Installation
12
Substation Installation
13
Substation Installation
14
Substation Installation
15
Substation Installation
16
Building
a
New Electric World
17
BPL Update
Jeff Fry
Manager Network Telecommunications
EnergyAustralia
jfry@energy.com.au
Contents
• BPL Trends
• Utilities
• Regulations
Hype or Reality?
Where are we on the Gartner Hype Cycle?
The Big Picture
• ADSL2+ Dominates now
– No fixed line for 30% of Unwired customers
– Up from 8%
• Wi-Max 2007-9
– BPL uses similar technology
• FTTH momentum building s-l-o-w-l-y
• IPTV The Next Big Thing for BPL
In-home BPL to lead Access
• Home networking will embed BPL in appliances
– Key need is video distribution
– BPL chips US$15
• Multi services architecture with QoS
– Dynamic bandwidth upstream/downstream
– MPLS layer2
– Several video streams + voice + data
• ACCESS BPL will use the same technology
– Co-existence of in-home LAN + Access end 05
CPE choice
• Can be different vendors
to intermediate
equipment
• Consumer choice
• Typically a different
buyer
• Sign of a maturing
market
Quadruple Play
• Triple play + Managing
the Power Network
»
»
»
»
»
Load control
Meter reading
Substation monitoring
Security surveillance
Power quality
monitoring
• BPL deploys nodes in useful places for managing
electricity networks such as substations and
Meter rooms
Contents
• BPL Trends
• Utilities
• Regulations
Utilitel
• Aurora
– Commercial trial of 200 MBPS to start September
– Voice and Data to hundreds of homes + AMR and power quality monitoring
• Country Energy
– Trials on 45MBPS and visits by regulators
– Marouya trials conducted by others
• ETSA
– Trial 200MBPS Deployment on a few Substations in a selected suburb
• EnergyAustralia
– Newcastle trial 200MBPS Remains operating without intervention
– MDUs can be served with low equipment density
What Works?
• Low Voltage OH + UG
• MV Underground
• MV Overhead?
EnergyAustralia’s BPL Model
• Telco Partners
– We are an access provider
– Telco to Wholesale services
– Same services over BPL as other broadband platforms
• Fibre is needed to manage the electrical network
– Capital investment > $5bn over 10 years
– Spare communications capacity licensed for Telco use
– BPL Leverages Fibre deployments
• Commercialisation assists to build more
distribution network asset
Contents
• BPL Trends
• Utilities
• Regulations
ACMA discussion paper
• Submissions
– Available on www.acma.gov.au
– Majority from Hobbyists
– Many with opposing views
• Utilitel and ENA Submission
– Industry Self-regulation
– Notching
– EMC not demonstrated to be an issue for
significant users
BPL in Overhead Areas
• EnergyAustralia conducted
EMC testing on overhead
powerlines
• With good engineering practise
BPL meets the Draft European
Emission Standards
• Emission standards exceeded
in many suburban sydney
areas before BPL
EnergyAustralia BPL testing Hornsby NSW
BPL Conclusion
• Can assist electricity distribution management
• Coming to an appliance near you
– Broadband Access to follow
• Broadband infrastructure choice in Australia
Just Plug It In
Jeff Fry
EnergyAustralia
jfry@energy.com.au