화학물질의 위해성에 관한 자료 작성지침

NIER-SP2015-033 발 간 등 록 번 호 11-1480523-002298-01 화학물질의 위해성에 관한 자료 작성지침 2015. 03 ϑ ‫ރ‬ ᾓЊẂ ῶኗ`ᏽ⹊ẗ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶỲⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ཮ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓӮဖ‫ ׊‬ᏽᢚῲ⃮ᘲ ῶᤊ᫋೟ᒃဧࢢẗ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὿᤟ἲỲⵊⵛኗᒲ὾Ⴚ⹃ὦ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ὿᤟ ῶỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳Ẃᵫ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ⹂ⵇጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢᏽጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟⹃ὦ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ ⁞ᏽ⹃ὦఊẗல ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟⾞ॻ▃᤟೟ўே ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⮷Ϯ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ०▊⮷Ϯ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ὿᤟ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓẗᶢᏽᕮ။ ῶẗᶢᤒታ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶᕮ။ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  1장. 개요 ῶኗ`ᏽ⹊ẗ ᓦ↮♖ᤊં〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆೟။ᏽ⮷Ϯ೟ᶾӮⵊᒃᅎ぀ὢⵆ〿⹂⮷ᒃ぀ ὢཪⵊ૒ ⁞ ⵛ ⸦ᶾ‫ⵇ⹂〿ⵊ ׊‬ጪ↶ῲӪ ᶾᤊ὆◖‫׷‬ᐗᒃӪ ०▊⦣ ⾞Ӯᆚᐗᒃἲ ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ⯚ⵖⵊ Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ὾Ⴚ ὢⵆ〿Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ぀ཪⵊ૒ ぀ᅪ⹂⮷ᒃ᫊⵷‫⸦ ⵛ ⁞ ♇׊‬ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛ ὾Ⴚ὆ ὿᤟ᐗᒃ ᏽ Ἆⵢ᤟ ᫚ᢚᐗᒃ ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬ㅰ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ᏽ ㅯ⹂ⵇጪ↶ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ὆ ՚⒢` ᐗᒃ ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬ㅰ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ೟ᶾ ഞཪᤊ ὿᤟ⵆં ⁞�ᨆέ὾ᅪ Ỳⵊ ѱὢ૒ᓦ↮♖ᤊંӮဖᒃဧӪӎ᫊ᶾᤊ‫ࢢⵊ ׊‬ẗἲ὿᤟ⵆં୞ⴲẂⵊ ὾Ⴚᨆ↿ᕲᵪᒲ⮷Ϯῶ␖Ḯᐗᒃẗᶢᕮ။೟Ἢ၊‫؞‬ᨎఆᶢὶ૒૒ᆺ ӎ᫊ ೟ᶾᤊ ὢᏦ ᢯ᤦⵆѺ ‫؞‬ᨎఊ ࢢẗἮ ⃿ᓣἲ ⴪ⵆӎ὾ ᓦ ↮♖ᤊᶾં ϲྣ⽶ᤊᨎⵆᷮ૒՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾἮᓦ↮♖ᤊᶾ૮ⵊᢞᶳ⒢὆ὢⵢḮ⹊ẗἲ ௃‫؞‬Ỳⵢ ᫊᷶Ỳ⃪὆〿Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ὿᤟ⵢᤒᤊ぀ᅪ⃮ᘲ⃿ὢ቞ ⴲẂⵊԾἏலⵖ‫ ۆ‬ӣⵎ᷶ ὢ૒ Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚં೟။૮᢯⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲᷞϲ⦒ὢ᢯ ⁞⾞ᨆέⵆંҫẞᶾ ὿᤟ⵆᷚ ▊ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒૒ᆺ⹂⮷ᒃᕮ♇ ⁞ᶾഞཪὢ࿚ⵊ ⁞⾞ᨆέྷ ⵊҲં लᕮ⤞ `ẗఆ቞ लᶾં ⦒ ὢ᢯ लᶾં ⦒ ὢ᢯ लᶾં⦒ὢ᢯लᕮ⤞ં⦒ὢ᢯Ἢ၊⹃૮ఊ૒ഞཪᤊᓦὦὢ Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᅪ὿᤟� ▊ⵢᵪⵆંϮᶾ૮ⵊ⫾૖Ἦ ⁞�ᨆέྷӪ೟။᫊‫؞‬ᅪ ᘲԾⵆᷚ Ҟ ⵆᷚᵪ ⵊ૒ ␦ӎ၊ ल ⃿ᐆ‫؞‬ᶾ ӎ᫊ⵎ ೟။૮᢯ ‫⹂⁢؞‬ ⵇጪ↶ᶾ⯚ⵖఆᶢलὢࢢᶾ೟။ⵆဒંҫẞં ⁞�ᨆέྷὢゔ⦒ὲᶾல ᕶ՚ⵆӎỲⵢ᤟ ὾Ⴚᅪ ▊ⵢᵪⵆંҫẞϮᐊᣋⵎᨆὶ૒෾ⵊल ⃿ᐆᶾ ా ᑶ⇦၊ ӎ᫊ⵎ ೟။૮᢯ ‫ⵇ⹂⁢؞‬ጪ↶Ἦ Њྣ ल ⃿ᐆ‫↮غ؞‬ ೟။ⵆѺ ఎ ѱὢᎮ၊ ⦒ ὢ᢯ ⁞�ᨆέⵆં ጪ↶ ᢯૧ᨆં Ỳⵢ᤟ ὾Ⴚ ▊૮᢯ὢఎѱὢ૒ὢḮЇὢ೟။૧᫊ᶾંᕮ♇ ⁞ᶾഞཪ ▊૮᢯ὢ ᴲશᶶἪࢆ▂⺲೟။૮᢯ὢఆંҫẞỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᅪ▂Ϯ၊὿᤟ⵆᷚ ▊ⵎ ⴲẂંᶴ૒૒ᆺⵢ૧ ⁞�ᨆέ὾ϮᶢඒὢἎᶾᤊѢᒮҫ೟။ἲⵆѺఆં ҫẞ၊Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ ▊૮᢯ὢఆቢ ▊ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ TG XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶỲⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ཮ Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ὾Ⴚ཮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ⁞�ᨆέ὾Ϯ ⵢ૧ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ Ỳⵢ᤟ἲ ⁞෾ંᢚẗӪ ᶾᤊ`ῶⵊᐗᒃἪ၊ᴶῲⵆѺ⦣ ⵆӎὶંϮᅪ⮷Ϯ ⵆᷚ὿᤟ⵊѱὢ૒Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᅪ὿᤟ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ⹃ὦఊẗலᅪ⯚ⵖⵊኖ೎ ẗலᶾഞᅦῲᣋᵎ૖Ҳᅪӎဒⵆӎᾎᾚ`Ỳⵢ᤟ӪպӎⵆંỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ᏽ ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ ೟ἲ ӎဒⵆቢᤊ ὢᏦ ᴺӎ ὶўࢆ ⵗᆚ`Ἢ၊ ᷶᢯ⵎ ᨆ ὶં ᢚེ෾ં⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ᨆ⃮ὢᘲԾఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ ᒃ ⁞ᶾഞᅢቢỲⵢ᤟὾ႺᶾંῲӪ ᶾᤊ὆◖‫׷‬ᐗᒃӪ०▊⦣ ⾞ Ӯᆚᐗᒃἲ ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ⯚ⵖⵆᷚᵪ ⵆ቞ ᫊⵷‫ⵛ ⁞ ♇׊‬ ⸦<ᒲⱊ>ᶾᤊ‫ⵊ ׊‬ᐂḮЇὢ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯ ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟ᏽॻ▃᤟೟ўே ⮷Ϯ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯ ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⮷Ϯ ०▊⮷Ϯ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ ೟ὢ ⯚ⵖఆᶢᵪ ⵊ૒ ૒ᆺ ᶾᤊ ‫↮غ‬ᅪ ⮷Ϯⵊ ҞӪ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ>ጪ↶὆ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ࢢẗ ᶾഞᅦᕲᅆ૮᢯ᶾⵢ૧ ఆ↮ᴸἪቢᤊᷯ<ᒲⱊ> ⸦Ϯኗ⾞ࢆኗ὆ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟‫⃮؞‬ᶾⵢ૧ఆ↮ ᴸἲҫẞᶾં ᏽ ὆⮷Ϯᅪᣋྣⵎᨆὶ૒ ᓦ ↮♖ᤊ ᾓᶾᤊ ૒პ Ỳⵢ᤟ ὾Ⴚ ὿᤟ἲ Ỳⵊ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⹃ὦ὆ ⃪Ẃ ࢢẗἮ<‫צ‬ᆪ>ӪЇ૒ TG YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ〾 ὿᤟ῶ␖ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ Ỳⵢ᤟Ἦ Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ ૖Ҳᶾ ѦⒾ ᨆ⵷ఆ቞ ϯ ૖Ҳᒲ ᢯ᤦ ࢢẗἮᓦ↮♖ᤊ὆ᾓᶾᤊᨎఆᶢὶ૒Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚં‫⸦ ⵛ ⁞ ♇׊‬ᶾ ഞཪ೟။ᫎ⒛᫊ ▊ⵆં὾Ⴚᏽ ▊ⵆ↮ંᴸ↮ᆺ▊⒆Ḯᫎ႞᤟ἲᴺᨆ ὶંӣЊఊ὾Ⴚ೟ἲ⹊ẗⵆᷚ὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ᴲẦ࿚▂Ϯ὾ႺϮⴲẂⵊ ҫẞᶾં ⵢ૧ ὾Ⴚᅪ ᣋᢞ⾞⹃ᓢⵊ ⺲ᶾ ὾Ⴚᅪ ὿᤟ⵢᵪ ⵊ૒ ὢഺ ὾Ⴚ ὿᤟ᶾ↯῿ᢚẗఆ↮ંᴸ↮ᆺ⮷Ϯᶾᇒẞ⃿Ẃⵊ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢᅪᢚῲᶾ⹃ὦ ⵆંѱὢᇒẞ⃿Ẃⵆ૒᷶ᅪ೒ᶢ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫋ᒲ ᓢࢆጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` ⪧᤟ ⁞ᏽ⹃ὦఊẗல೟Ἦ὾Ⴚ὿᤟ᶾⴲᨆ`ὢ૒ TG ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <૖Ҳ>‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢ⹃ὦ ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢ ⹃ὦἮ ὾Ⴚ ὿᤟ᶾ ᵌᤊ ⵢ૧ ጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ὢᐆ`ὦ ᢚⵛἲ Ѯ⦎ⵆંѱἪ၊Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᶾ‫؞‬ᾚఆં‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢ὆՚᤟Ἦ૒ἺӪЇ૒ G ⹂ⵇጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢᏽጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ᾓῶ G ⁞ᏽ⹃ὦఊẗலᾓῶ <૖Ҳ>ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊Ҟ ▊ⵆં ᓢᅪ૖ҲӪ ἲ⦣ⵢ⮷Ϯⵆᷚ〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬぀՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ᶾ ഞཪᤊ ᕲᅆⵆӎ ⱊ᫊Ẃ᥺ᅪҞ ⵢᵪⵊ૒Ἆளጪ↶೟Ἆⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὦҫẞⵢ૧ӎ᫊὆ <ᒲⱊ>ᅪ␦⁞ⵎᨆὶἪࢆὢ᫊ᷛ ▊ⵆં ᓢᅪѮ⦎ⵆᷚⴲẂⵊ ҫẞὢᅪᐆᷯⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ▊὾Ⴚᶾ‫ⵊ⓶؞‬ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊Ϯ՛ᆫ ⹆ҫӪⵇẾᶾᤊ ӣⵆંᕲᅆ ᏽⱊ᫊Ḯ ૒ᅦҫẞ ᒮҫᴶ ᫊Ḯⵖ ‫תۆ‬ўᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵢᵪⵊ૒ G ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ᾓῶ <૖Ҳ>Ἆⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ Ỳⵢ᤟ ὾Ⴚᅪ ὿᤟ⵎ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢᅪ ⹃ὦⵆӎ ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ᅪ Ҟ ⵊ⺲ᶾᓦҗ`ὦỲⵢ᤟⮷ϮંἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ၊ᕮ⤞᫊὿ఊ૒Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᨆ↿ఆўࢆᣋ᤟ఊ ᓢંᕲᅆⱊ᫊ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ ӎ▃`᤟⮷Ϯᏽὦ⒢⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊᷛ♆෾ંᘲᷛ♆ᨆ⃮Ҟ ἲỲⵢ ᢚẗఎᨆὶ૒ ὦ⒢ ѢЃᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᶾ Ӯⵊ ⵛኗἮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ ᢚⵛἲ Ҟ ⵆӎ ᨆ↿ఊ ᓢᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ ᢚེᶾѺ ୂ ὢ᢯ ०▊ఆ↮ ᴸᴲᵪⵆં⹂ⵇጪ↶὆०▊ᨆ⃮ጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮ள᤟␦ӎ♆╊᥺ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ⓶ӪᐊᵂỲⵢல೟ ἲல▊ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ὿᤟ⵊ૒Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ ἎⵢᷯⶓἲὪἪ⢒↮ᴸἲѱἪ၊᷶᢯ఆંᨆ⃮ὢⵆ὆Ṧ`०▊ᨆ⃮ Ἢ၊ ⱊⷲⵊ૒ ẗྷ ᨆ⃮ ல▊ἲ Ỳⵢ ⃪ᶢ↲ ०▊⸃⣊०▊ҫ၊ ὦ՚ ↿૖ᏽ‫؞‬ϲ ᶾ૮ⵊὦ⒢ѢЃᷯⶓἲ⹃ὦⵎⴲẂϮὶἪ቞ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ TG [G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૮ⵊጢ╊᥺ ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ᶾ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ`ẗⵆᷚல▊ⵊ૒՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ ӎ᫊ ⸦ ⁞೟␦⁞ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ἆⵢ᤟⮷Ϯંጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟Ἢ၊ὦⵊὦ⒢ѢЃἎⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᅪ⯚ⵖⵆӎὶ૒⯛ᐊ᤟ὦ⹂᤟ᏽᢞ⹂᤟὆ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ᶾ ૮ⵢὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊᾎᾚ`ᷯⶓலⵖ‫⮷ۆ‬Ϯⵊ૒ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾӮⵊⵛኗἮὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮḮ Їὢ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᶾ૮ⵊᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ᢚⵛἲҞ ⵆӎӮ᫚ ⹆ҫᷯᷛᶾᤊᴳᷯⶓὢᐊᣋⵆ↮ᴸἲѱἪ၊᷶᢯ఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ॻல ⅷ ᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻலᅪ ல▊ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢ ὿᤟ⵊ૒ ⹆ҫ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᶾᤊં ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ጪӣ‫♖؞‬ῲጪ෾ં⦎ᵿ ࢢᣋ⣊Ҳᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ἲ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ෾ⵊ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒἮ ᨆᣋ⹆ҫ ᓢ⸦ᶾ ⃿Ẃⵊ ᷛⵎἲ ⵆ‫ ؞‬ഺጦᶾ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ ᫊ᤒ὆ Ꮶᣋጪ ⹊ேᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯல ὢჲ…ᵪ ⵊ૒ ⪧ ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊ᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻலંᣋ⣊ҲᶾἎⵢᷯⶓὢࢆ⢮ࢆ↮ᴸં ᨆ⃮ὢⵆ὆ॻலᅪ὆Ꮶⵊ૒⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᒲᣋጪ⁳ᶾ૮ⵊள᤟ ᓢᶾ‫⓶؞‬ ⵆᷚ ள᤟᫊ⷆ ⮷Ϯⵛኗᶾ `ῶⵊ ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ `ẗⵆᷚ ல▊ⵊ૒՛ᆫ ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ⁞೟␦⁞ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⮷ϮᶾӮⵊⵛኗἮ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢேᒃ᫊⵷ဧ ⁞ ⵛ <ᒲⱊ >὆ ⸦ Ϯኗ ᏽ ࢆኗᶾᤊ ഞᅦ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆં↮ᅪҞ ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ὿᤟ⵊ૒ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ᏽӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃ `᤟⮷Ϯંᾂᅆ᤟ὢὶӎᣋጪॻ▃᤟ὢὶἪ቞ள᤟ἲ↮શંጪ↶෾ં ӎᾂᅆ᤟ ᏽ ӎ▃`᤟ἲ ⹃ὦⵆં ѱἲ ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ᏽ ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟ ጪ↶὆ ҫẞ ᐞ▊ྷἲ ╊᥺⹂ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢ ኖ೎ ᐞ▊Ếἲ ⹃ὦⵎ ⴲẂϮ ὶ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟ ᏽ ள᤟ ⮷Ϯ ҞӪᶾᤊ૖ⵆࢆཪலⵢ૧ὢఆંҫẞᶾં૖Ҳᶾⵢ૧ⵆં०▊⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵢᵪⵊ૒᷶☏὾Ⴚᅪὢẗⵊ⮷ϮҞӪ〽ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ẞဒጪ↶〾၊ ⫾૖ఊҫẞல⯚ⵖⵊ૒ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ⁞೟␦⁞ G ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯᾓῶ G ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟ᏽॻ▃᤟೟ўே ⮷Ϯᾓῶ G ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯᾓῶ G ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᾓῶ G ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⮷Ϯᾓῶ TG \G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <૖Ҳ>०▊⮷Ϯᾓῶ ०▊⮷Ϯં⹂ⵇጪ↶ ⁞὾὾ᫎ὆ẗலḮⵆỲᢚẗ὾὆ẗலᅪ⹃ὦ ⵆᷚⵢ૧⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢῲᣋᵎேᴶ ⁞⾞ᢚẗఆંᐗᒃӪᢚེӪ⹆ҫ ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ἲ ⦣ ⵆўࢆ ⵆỲᢚẗ὾ᶾѺ⦣ ⵆல။պӎⵆંᐗᒃ ᶾӮⵊᤦᕮ⁞Ѣὦ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ᢯ᤦ⽶‫؞‬ᨎⵆંѱἲᆾⵊ૒⹃ὦ ఊẗலᶾ૮ⵊ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒંỲⵢலᅪ⦣ ⵆቢᤊᢚẗఎᨆὶં⁞Ѣ ἲ ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ ѱἪ၊ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં ӣ‫׷‬ᇋἲ ⦣ⵢ ᢚẗ὾ᶾѺ Ỳⵢல Ϯ⦣ ఆં◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᏽᴶῲ᤟⹃ᓢᅪῲ૚ⵆંᨆ૖ὢఊ૒෾ⵊ० ▊᫊ࢆᆚḒંỲⵢ᤟⮷ϮӪ ᶾᤊ὆૖Ҳ०▊⮷ϮḮ૖Ҳᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ἲỲⵊ‫⓶؞‬Ӫ Ἢ၊ᐞ▊०▊⸃⣊ᏽᨆ⃮ἲҞ ⵆં⃪Ẃὦ὾ ᅪ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ᷚ‫؞‬ᶾં⹆ҫᇒ⒢૮‫؞‬ጪ♖ῲጪᏽ⦎ᵿ ⪧ ⱊ`↿ ૖᥺ᘲ὾෾ં὿ᶳ὾೟ ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ἲ⦣ ⵆ‫؞‬ᶾ`ῶⵊᨆ૖ὢ⯚ ⵖఆᶢᵪⵊ૒՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ⁞೟␦⁞ ẗல὆◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᢚẗఊᵿ`ẗӣ ᢚẗ‫؞‬ϲᏽᘶல⹆ҫ⁞Ѣ೟ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚᏽ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆෾ં०▊Ҟ ὦ὾ <૖Ҳ>ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦᾓῶ ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦᶾӮⵊⵛኗἮ०▊⮷Ϯᶾഞᅦ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ‫؞‬ᨎⵊỲⵢ᤟ Ӯᆚ૮␳ὢὢ⵷ఊ૒ંѱἲϮ ⵆᷚ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ἲὢᏦᴺӎ ὶўࢆⵗᆚ`Ἢ၊᷶᢯ⵎᨆὶંኖ೎ὦ՚↿૖⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵢϲ῿` Ἢ၊०▊ఎᨆὶંᢚེ὿ᶳ὾᥺ᘲ὾ ᏽ⹆ҫᷯᷛᶾ૮ⵆᷚᴶῲ ᤟ἲ⹃ὦⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ὿᤟ⵊ૒ὢҫẞᐞ▊Ếᶾᤊ⹆ҫᷯᷛἪ၊⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ Ἆ▊⾞ᐞ▊ ᏽ ᥾᫒ఆં ┋ ҞӪᅪ ⦣ⵗⵆᷚ ῲ⒢`ὦ ⹆ҫ Ỳⵢ᤟ἲ Ѯ⦎ⵊ૒ӎἎ⪧᤟ᶾ૮ⵊⴲẂⵊ ᓢϮ▗ ఆӎỲⵢ᤟ὢኖ೎०▊ ᏽ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ૮ⵢ⦣ ఆંҫẞἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ०▊⮷Ϯᏽᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦᶾ૮ⵊᐆᓣ`ὦỲⵢ᤟Ҟ Ӫ ἮᕶⴲẂⵆ૒՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ⁞೟␦⁞ TG ]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <૖Ҳ>⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ὿᤟ᾓῶ ⵢ૧⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦἲⵊҫẞỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὆՚᤟ⵛኗᶾ ૮ⵊࢢẗἲ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ૒ᓦ↮♖ᤊᾓἮ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὆‫؞‬ᨎ ᨊᤊḮேὪⵆѺ὿᤟ఆᶶ૒ Ỳⵢ᤟⹃ὦἮⵢ૧ⵆં⪧ ᨆྷ὆⮷Ϯⵛኗᶾ૮ⵊὢẗϮઓⵊኖ೎ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟⹆ҫўேள᤟ᏽ⹆ҫள᤟೟὆ ᓢᨆ↿Ӫ ᕮ⤞ ᫊὿ఊ૒෾ⵊ೟။὾ં०▊ᢚẗᏽỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢᨆ↿ல ⵖ‫ۆ‬ᨆ⵷ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ᷚ‫؞‬ᶾં०▊὆ӎἎ⪧᤟ҫ၊ᘶல‫؞‬ϲᢚẗ ◖‫׷‬೟ ᶾӮⵊ ᓢϮ⯚ⵖఆ቞ᨆ↿ఊ ᓢϮὢẗϮઓⵊ ᓢὦ↮ ೟ἲӎဒⵆᷚ▂Ϯ ᓢᣋ᤟ᷚᕮᅪ⫾૖ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⹃ὦ Ӫ ⃿ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯὦ⒢὆ ѢЃᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ ᏽᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟ ⮷Ϯં ኖ೎ ೟။૮᢯ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ἦ ᐆೊ᫊ ᨆ⵷ⵢᵪ ⵊ૒⹂⮷ᒃ‫ ׊‬ᶾഞཪϯ⦒ᨆᒲⵢ૧⮷Ϯⵛኗὢ↮ ఆᶢὶἪᎮ၊ ⵢ૧὾Ⴚᅪ ▊ⵆӎ↮ ఆ↮⮷Ϯⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢᤊலӮဖ὾ႺᅪᓢἎ ⵆӎὶ૒ቢὢ᫊ᷛ ▊ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ὦ⒢ᷯⶓᏽ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵢጢᷯ ⶓᨆ⃮ள᤟␦ӎ♆෾ં᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻலᅪல▊ⵎᨆᶴંҫẞἎⵢⵊ ᷯⶓὢࢆ⢮ࢆ↮ᴸં૒ંѱἲ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶં‫ת‬ўᅪ‫؞‬ᾚⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ෾ⵊ Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᅪ὿᤟ⵆં୞ὶᶢᤊ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊᶾഞᅦ▂Ϯ`ὦ᫊ⷆ ᓢϮⴲẂⵊҫẞᶾંⵢ૧ ᓢ὆ⴲẂ᤟ἲⵖ‫`ۆ‬ᶢᵪⵊ૒ ጪ↶ὢ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟ ጪ↶၊ ⮷Ϯఆં ҫẞ ⁞ ᏽ⹃ὦఊẗல၊ὦⵊጪ↶὆ ⁞ᕮ⤞ᢚẗ‫↮غ‬὆ኖ೎ᐞ▊ἲ⹃ὦⵆ ӎὦ⒢ᏽ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ӫ०▊ἲ╊᥺⹂ⵎᨆὶંỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮ ␳Ӫ ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣἲ պӎⵆᷚᵪ ⵊ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟ ᏽள᤟⮷ϮҞӪᾂᅆ᤟▃`᤟ள᤟⃿ⵆࢆཪலⵢ૧ὢఆંҫẞ ᶾં०▊⮷Ϯ૖Ҳᅪᨆ⵷ⵢᵪⵊ૒ ०▊⮷Ϯᶾં ጪ↶὆ ኖ೎ ⹃ὦఊ ẗலḮ ⁞ ೟ὢ ⯚ⵖఆᶢᵪ ⵆ቞ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟ὢ▗ᕲ⽶⦣ ఖἲέ↋ⵎኗ`Ἢ၊ᐆᓣ`Ἢ၊ᨆ ⵆંӪ ἲўⒾ╊⁳὆०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ‫ת‬ўⵆᷚ὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ᷚ‫؞‬ ᶾંⵢ૧ጪ↶⸪ⵗጪࢢ෾ં ⱶࢢጪ↶὆ ⱶἎ⦣૖Ҳ೟ὢኖా ⯚ⵖఊ૒ ӣ‫׷‬ᇋἲ ⦣ⵢ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫒↶` ⁞Ѣἲ ῲ૚ⵆ‫؞‬ TG ^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ỳⵊ ᨆ૖ὢ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒὢ૒ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં ०▊⮷Ϯ὆ ὪᕮᕲἪ ၊ᤊᐆᓣ`ὦᐗᒃἲ⦣ⵢЊᐊⵊ૒०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં⹃ὦఊኖ೎Ἆⵢ᤟ᶾ ૮ⵊỲⵢலᅪ⦣ ⵆல။Ἆலⵆં`ῶⵊ◖‫⁞׷‬ѢᏽỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲ ‫؞‬ᨎⵊѱὢ૒Ӯဖ ᓢંⵆỲᢚẗ὾ᶾѺῲ૚ఆ቞ὢᅪ⦣ⵢỲⵢல ⦣ ᅪỲⵊ`ῶⵊ⁞♆ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢᅪ ӣⵆӎⵆỲᢚẗ὾὆◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣὢ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ ૖Ҳᶾᤊ ⹃ὦఊ ⁞Ѣᶾ ᕮⵗⵆં↮ᅪ ⹃ὦⵎ ᨆ ὶல။ ⵊ૒ ὢᶢᤊᨆ⵷ఆંᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ૖Ҳં⓶‫؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὿᤟Ӫὢᶾഞᅦ ०▊ྷ▂ ᶾᤊᕮ⤞╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὿᤟Ӫ╊⁳०▊ྷ▂ ᶾὢᅢં ேᴶᶾ ᨆ⵷ⵆં Ӫ Ἢ၊ ╊⁳ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ Ỳⵢல ⦣ ᶾ ‫ⵊ⓶؞‬૒ ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ૖Ҳᶾᤊંὦ⒢ѢЃᏽ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ`ῶⵊጢᷯⶓ ᨆ⃮Ӫὦ⒢ᏽ⹆ҫ०▊ྷ▂ ♆ᅪᘲԾⵆં὿ᶳἲᨆ⵷ⵆӎጪᆚ`⾞ ⹂ⵇ`Ἆⵢ᤟ἲ⮷Ϯⵊ૒෾ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦӪ ᶾᤊં૒ᵿⵊᐊᣋẾ ෾ં ०▊ҫ၊Ϯ ӎဒఊ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦὢ ὢჲ…ᵪ ⵊ૒ Ỳⵢல ⦣ Ϯ ᕶϮઓⵊҫẞ૒Ἲᐗᒃἲ⦣ⵢᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦἲᐆᓣ`Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵆᷚᵪ ⵊ૒ G ⴲẂⵊⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢἎⵢ᤟ ᓢᅪᨆ ⵆўࢆᣋ᤟ⵎᨆὶἺ G ӣ‫׷‬ᇋἲ⦣ⵢ०▊ ᓢᅪᨆ↿ⵆўࢆ☏ ෾ંኖ୦ἲ`ẗⵊᫎ‫׊‬ ०▊୞ὢ⤞ᣋ᤟ G ෾ંాϮ↮ ᓢᅪኖాᨆ Ϯઓⵖ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ὢ ὢ⵷ఊ૒ં Ϯ ⵆᶾ ⹂ⵇ ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ἲὢᏦᴺӎὶўࢆⵗᆚ`Ἢ၊᷶᢯ⵎᨆὶંኖ೎ ὦ՚↿૖⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵢϲ῿`Ἢ၊०▊ఎᨆὶંᢚེ὿ᶳ὾᥺ᘲ὾ ᏽ⹆ҫᷯᷛᶾ૮ⵆᷚᴶῲ᤟ἲ⹃ὦⵢᵪⵆ቞ኖ೎ᐞ▊Ếᶾᤊ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ኖ೎⹆ҫᷯᷛἪ၊Ἆ▊⾞ᐞ▊ᏽ᥾᫒ఆં┋ҞӪᅪ⦣ⵗⵆᷚῲ⒢`ὦ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊỲⵢ᤟ἲѮ⦎ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ Ỳⵢல⦣ Ϯ⹃ὦఆંҫẞ ⁞ᏽኖ೎⹃ὦఊẗலᶾ૮ⵢ◖‫׷‬ ⁞ѢӪỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲ⯚ⵖⵆં╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᵿ᫋ᶾ ‫؞‬ᨎⵆӎⵆỲᢚẗ὾ᶾѺ‫ צ‬ᓢᅪῲ૚ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ TG _G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  2장. 관련 규정 및 사전 준비 ῶᤊ᫋೟ᒃဧࢢẗ ᫊⵷‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ> ⹂⮷ᒃ ᫊⵷‫⸦ ⵛ ⁞ ♇׊‬ᶾ ഞཪ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ೟။ ᫎ⒛ ᫊ᶾં ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ὾Ⴚᅪ ▊ⵢᵪ ⵆ቞ ὢં ᫊⵷‫< ♇׊‬ᒲⱊ > 〿Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯဖ὾Ⴚ὆὿᤟ᐗᒃ぀ᶾഞཪ὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ᒃဧᶾᤊ ᫊ⵆӎὶંỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὆὿᤟ᐗᒃᶾંỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὆὿᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ Ὢᐆ Ế♇Ӫ ϯ ⵛኗᒲ ⮷Ϯ ࢢẗ ὿᤟ᶾ ⯚ⵖఆᶢᵪ ⵎ ᢚⵛӪ ⵖ‫ۆ‬ ϯ՚᤟ⵛኗἲ⯚ⵖⵊᵿ᫋ἲ ᫊ⵆӎὶ૒ <ⱊ>᫊⵷‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ>὆Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᵿ᫋ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳὆Ẃᵫ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫋ᒲ ᓢᏽጪᆚ`㉽⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ ⁞ᏽ⹃ὦఊẗல ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ ጪᆚ`㉽⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯ Ϯ⯛ᐊ᤟ ࢆὦ⹂᤟ ૒ᢞ⹂᤟ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟ᏽॻ▃᤟೟ўே ⮷Ϯ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯ Ϯᨆᣋ⹆ҫᷯᷛ♖ῲጪ⯚ⵖ ࢆἏᣋ⹆ҫᷯᷛ ૒ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆Ꮶᣋጪ⹊᤟ ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ Ϯ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ࢆ὾‫㉽᤟ק‬ᕮ᫋᤟ ૒ӪᏪ᤟ TG `G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ཪᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ ᆶᒮὢẾ᤟ ᐂᐊᵂ᤟ ᢚᣋ᫋ள᤟ ᴲ૒ᅦᷯⶓ ὾ጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮෾ંள᤟␦ӎ♆ல▊ ᾂᅆ᤟㉽▃`᤟⮷Ϯ ०▊⮷Ϯ <०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ኗ> ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ०▊᷶☏ <०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ኗ> ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ०▊᷶☏ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾഞཪ▂Ϯ ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ <०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ኗ> ⹆ҫ ὦ⒢ѢЃ <०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ኗ> ⹆ҫ ὦ⒢ѢЃ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾഞཪ▂Ϯ <ῲ⒢`ὦ०▊Ӯဖఊኖ೎ᐞ▊Ἆ▊Ế὆⁞ⵗ > ⹆ҫ ὦ⒢ѢЃ TG XWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ὿᤟ᵿ᫋ᶾഞᅦ՚᤟ࢢẗ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳Ẃᵫ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫋ᒲ ᓢᏽጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟⹃ὦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢ <ⱊ>⹂ⵇጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ታ ,&/P $"4/P *61"$OBNF ᕲ὾᫋ ᕲ὾ྷ ՚⁞᫋ ᨊல ⹃ὦఊᕶᨊጪ⾞ᕮᢞጪ <ⱊ>⹃ὦఊᕶᨊጪ⾞ᕮᢞጪ ጪ↶ታ $"4/P ૮ⱊॻல ॻலᒂỲ ᘲӎ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ <ⱊ>ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ ⪧᤟ ጪ↶὆᢯⣊ Ѐ १ં῾ᶢં῾ ࡁં῾ Ꮾல ↋‫؞‬ᵃ ጪẗⵢல έலᕲᤋ ḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ ῾ல ⵢᆚ᢯ᨆ ‫؞‬⢮ TG XXG T ᘲӎ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⁞ᏽ⹃ὦ⾞ఊẗல ⁞ ⁞⾞ᨆέᵿ <ⱊ> ⁞⾞ᨆέᵿ ՚ᕲ ᷞல ⦒ᨆ ẗலᕲᅆ ՚⒢`ὦẗலᶾ૮ⵊᤒታ ᘲӎ ⹃ὦఊẗல <ⱊ>ᢞᶳẗல ՚ᕲ ẗலᕲᅆ ՚⒢`ὦẗலᶾ૮ⵊᤒታ ‫צ‬Ṧ ᓢ ẗலᕲᅆ ՚⒢`ὦẗலᶾ૮ⵊᤒታ ‫צ‬Ṧ ᓢ <ⱊ>᥺ᘲ὾ẗல ՚ᕲ ᢚẗⵆ↮ᆾᴲᵪⵎẗல TG XYG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ ೟။૮᢯⹂ⵇጪ↶ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ ᕲᅆ ⾞ጪᆚ`Ỳⷆ᤟ <ⱊ>ጪᆚ`Ỳⷆ᤟ᕲᅆ Ἆⵢ᤟ⵛኗ ՚ᕲ ՚ᕲ‫ת‬ў ՚ᕲⵎᨆᶴંᢚἎ ⯛ᐊ᤟ ὦ⹂᤟ ᢞ⹂᤟ ‫؞‬⢮ ⾞⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ <ⱊ>⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᕲᅆ Ἆⵢ᤟ⵛኗ ՚ᕲ ՚ᕲ‫ת‬ў ՚ᕲ ՚ᕲ‫ת‬ў ՚ᕲⵎᨆᶴંᢚἎ ᨆᣋ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ Ḓ⁢☣Ἆⵢ᤟ * Ḓ⁢☣Ἆⵢ᤟ⵛኗἮӎ᫊ᶾᐆᷯఖ ⾞ὦ⒢ѢЃἎⵢ᤟ <ⱊ>ὦ⒢ѢЃἎⵢ᤟ᕲᅆ Ἆⵢ᤟ⵛኗ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ⴪ᕮᕮ᫋᤟ /὾‫᤟ק‬ ᫚ⵊ৶᥾᢯৶὾‫᤟ק‬ ⴪ᕮ෾ં⸦⽏‫؞‬ӪᏪ᤟ ᣋ᫋ᤦ⯚ᒮὢẾ᤟ ⹲㞪㎇㌳㔳☛㎇ ⪧ ⱊ`ᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟ (1⹺०▊ ) ⪧ ⱊ`ᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟ (ᐆᓣ०▊ ) ‫؞‬⢮ ( ) TG XZG T ՚ᕲⵎᨆᶴંᢚἎ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⱊ᫊ ⾞‫צ‬ᆪጦ὾Ḯᫎ⸦ᶢ ⾞Ἆⵢ⾞Ỳⷆጦ՚ ᨆ ᕲᅆ <ⱊ>ᨆ ᕲᅆҞӪ Ἆⵢ᤟ⵛኗ ՚ᕲ ⷲ⵷ ᨆ ᴶ ᒮҫᢚἎ ⯛ᐊ᤟ ὦ⹂᤟ ᢞ⹂᤟ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ⴪ᕮᕮ᫋᤟὾‫᤟ק‬ ᫚ⵊ৶᥾᢯৶὾‫᤟ק‬ ⴪ᕮ෾ં⸦⽏‫؞‬ӪᏪ᤟ ᣋ᫋ᤦ⯚ᒮὢẾ᤟ ᐊᵂ᤟ ᣋ᫋ள᤟ ⪧ ⱊ`ᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟⹺०▊ ⪧ ⱊ`ᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟ᐆᓣ०▊ ᨆᣋ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟‫᤟׷‬ ᨆᣋ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᆺ᤟ Ḓ⁢☣Ἆⵢ᤟ ‫؞‬⢮ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊೟ᶾӮⵊ‫<⸦ ׊‬ᒲⱊ>ᅪ⦣ⵢἎளጪ↶ ⶶϮጪ↶ ⵊጪ↶‫↮׶‬ጪ↶೟ᶾ૮ⵊᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ҞӪᅪ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶἺ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯ ⯛ᐊ᤟ ὦ⹂᤟ ᢞ⹂᤟ <ⱊ>ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷ϮӮဖᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ҞӪ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὦ⹂῾ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ TG X[G T ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟ᏽॻ▃᤟೟ўே ⮷Ϯ ᕲⵢ᤟ ὢᕲⵢ᤟ ᓦ↶`ᕲⵢ᤟ Q)ᶾഞᅦϮᨆᕲⵢ <ⱊ>ᕲⵢ᤟Ӯဖᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᐆϾ‫؞‬%5 ᕲⵢ἖ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ᕲⵢ᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ ⹆ҫᕲ⯚ ⽏␗ᏽ⢶␗ <ⱊ>⹆ҫᕲ⯚ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ⽏␗Ҳᨆ,PD ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ⹆ҫᕲ⯚ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ ᨆᤊᣋጪॻ▃᤟ Ἇ᢯ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ <ⱊ>ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ॻ▃Ҳᨆ #$' ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ TG X\G T ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯ ᨆᣋ⹆ҫᷯᷛ♖ῲጪ⯚ⵖ ᨆᣋ⹆ҫ ள᤟὾Ⴚ ᶢᅆ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ጪᒪთ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ૢᨆ⁞ᅆᣋᾓ΅ⵢ ᶢᅆᆺ᤟ள᤟ ጪᒪთᆺ᤟ள᤟ <ⱊ>ᨆᣋ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ ᨆ⒢὆⸃⣊ ०▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ०▊‫؞‬ϲ ᷯⶓॻல ᤒ ॻல☏ ॻல ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல Ẃᵫᏽ४὆ ᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻல1/&$ Ҳᢞ <ⱊ>ᨆᣋ⹆ҫ1/&$ ՚ᕲ 1/&$BRVBGSFTIXBUFSNH- Ѐ ⮷ϮҲᨆ ᘲӎ‫ת‬ў 1/&$ "' Ṧ᢫ᐗᒃ ♖ῲጪ ள᤟὾Ⴚ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆Ꮶᣋጪ⹊᤟ <ⱊ>ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆Ꮶᣋጪ⹊᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ ०▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ҞӪ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ०▊‫؞‬ϲ ᷯⶓॻல ᤒ ॻல☏ ॻல TG X]G T ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ΅ᤊᣋጪᆺ᤟ள᤟ <ⱊ>΅ᤊᣋጪᆺ᤟ள᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ ᨆ⒢὆⸃⣊ ०▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ०▊‫؞‬ϲ ᷯⶓॻல ᤒ ॻல☏ ॻல ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல Ẃᵫᏽ४὆ ᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻல1/&$ Ҳᢞ <ⱊ>ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆Ꮶᣋጪ⹊᤟1/&$ 1/&$TUQNH- Ѐ ⮷ϮҲᨆ ᘲӎ‫ת‬ў 1/&$ "' Ṧ᢫ᐗᒃ Ѐ ⮷ϮҲᨆ ᘲӎ‫ת‬ў 1/&$ "' Ṧ᢫ᐗᒃ <ⱊ>΅ᤊᣋጪ1/&$ 1/&$TFEJNFOUNHLHEX Ἇ᢯⹆ҫ ள᤟὾Ⴚ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ Ἇᣋጢ⒇▂ேጪ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪᆺ᤟ள᤟ Ἇᣋጢ⒇▂ேጪᆺ᤟ள᤟ <ⱊ>Ἇ᢯⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ ᨆ⒢὆⸃⣊ ०▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ०▊‫؞‬ϲ ᷯⶓॻல ᤒ ॻல☏ ॻல Ẃᵫᏽ४὆ TG X^G T ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻல1/&$ Ҳᢞ <ⱊ>Ἇ᢯⹆ҫ1/&$ 1/&$TPJMNHLHEX Ѐ ⮷ϮҲᨆ ᘲӎ‫ת‬ў 1/&$ "' Ṧ᢫ᐗᒃ ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᕲᅆⱊ᫊ᶾӮⵊҞ၎ ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ ள᤟ே⣊⽏ᨆ૮ᢚᕲ⯚ᏽ ў <ⱊ>ள᤟ே⣊ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ Ҳ⦣ ᤟ᒲ ⨚ᷚҫ၊ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ෾ં ␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ᤟ᒲ Ӯ␞ҞӪ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ள᤟ே⣊ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ‫᤟׷‬ҫ՚ள᤟ ‫᤟׷‬ҫ⴪ள᤟ ‫⽏᤟׷‬έள᤟ <ⱊ>‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ Ҳ⦣ ᤟ᒲ ⨚ᷚҫ၊ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ෾ં ␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ᤟ᒲ Ӯ␞ҞӪ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ TG X_G T ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽᕮ᫋᤟ ⴪ᕮ὾‫⾞᤟ק‬ᕮ᫋᤟ ৶὾‫⾞᤟ק‬ᕮ᫋᤟ <ⱊ>὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽᕮ᫋᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ Ҳ⦣ ᤟ᒲ ⨚ᷚҫ၊ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ҞӪ὆ⵢᤋ ᵿ᤟ᐆἿ὆ᨆ ᘲӎ Ӯ␞ҞӪ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽᕮ᫋᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ ӪᏪ᤟ ⴪ᕮӪᏪ᤟ ⸦⽏‫؞‬ӪᏪ᤟ <ⱊ>ӪᏪ᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ Ҳ⦣ ᤟ᒲ ⨚ᷚҫ၊ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ҞӪ὆ⵢᤋ ᵿ᤟ᐆἿ὆ᨆ ᘲӎ Ӯ␞ҞӪ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ෾ં ␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ӪᏪ᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟Ὢ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟Ὢ ‫؞‬⢮ TG X`G T ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ Ҳ⦣ ᤟ᒲ ०▊ᐗᒃ ०▊ҫ၊ ẗྷॻல ०▊‫؞‬ϲᘶல ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ᤟ᒲ Ӯ␞ҞӪ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ Ἆῲள᤟ ᓣ֮஺ᷞᒮὢ ⯚Ἆᅆᐞᵿᤦ⯚ᅪὢẗⵊᷪᢷ⒢ὢ᢯ ᫊ⷆேጪἲὢẗⵊἎῲள᤟ ▂ϮἎῲள᤟ᣋ᫋ᤦ⯚Ἆῲள᤟೟ <ⱊ>Ἆῲள᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ Ҳ⦣ ᤟ᒲ ०▊ᐗᒃ ०▊ҫ၊ ẗྷॻல ०▊‫؞‬ϲᘶல ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ᤟ᒲ Ӯ␞ҞӪ Ἆῲள᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ ᣋ᫋ள᤟ ᣋ᫋ᏽᐊ૚ள᤟᪒⡚ᆚો ╊‫᤟⸃؞‬ TG YWG T ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᤦ૮ᣋ᫋ள᤟ <ⱊ>ᣋ᫋ள᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ Ҳ⦣ ᤟ᒲ ०▊ᐗᒃ ०▊ҫ၊ ẗྷॻல ०▊‫؞‬ϲᘶல ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ᤟ᒲ Ӯ␞ҞӪ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ᣋ᫋ள᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ ᐊᵂ᤟ ேጪᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢ ᐊᵂ᤟ҫ՚ ᐊᵂ᤟ҫ⴪ ᐊᵂ᤟⽏έ ‫؞‬⢮ <ⱊ>ᐊᵂ᤟ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ Ҳ⦣ ᤟ᒲ ०▊ᐗᒃ ०▊ҫ၊ ẗྷॻல ०▊‫؞‬ϲᘶல ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦҫẞ ᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ ෾ં␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ᤟ᒲ Ӯ␞ҞӪ ὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢ ᐊᵂ᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ TG YXG T ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒ᅦᷯⶓᫎҫள᤟ ேጪᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢ <ⱊ>‫؞‬⢮ᷯⶓேጪ ᷞ՚ҞӪ ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆᣋጪ⒢ᣋጪ⁳ Ҳ⦣᤟ᒲ ०▊ᐗᒃ ०▊ҫ၊ ẗྷॻல ०▊‫؞‬ϲᘶல ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃὢṦ὆ᐗᒃὦ ҫẞᐗᒃ὆Ếᆚᤊᨎ ҞӪ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ᤟ᒲ Ӯ␞ҞӪ ᘲӎ ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ⃪Ẃ὾Ⴚ෾ં ␦ӎ὾Ⴚ὆՚ᕲ ҞӪல▊ᐗᒃ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ታ ␦ӎጦⶺ ΅὾ लல ὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢ ૒ᅦᷯⶓᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ ጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮ல▊ ⮷Ϯⵛኗᒲ૮ⱊள᤟Ѐ <ⱊ>⮷Ϯⵛኗᒲ૮ⱊள᤟Ѐ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ Ӯဖᷯⶓ ҫ՚ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ҫ⴪ ⽏έ ὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽ ᕮ᫋᤟ ⴪ᕮ ӪᏪ᤟ ⴪ᕮ Ἆῲள᤟ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ ৶ JOWJUSP JOWJWP Ὢ Ὢ ҫ՚ ᐊᵂ᤟ ҫ⴪ ⽏έ ҫ՚ ᣋ᫋ள᤟ ҫ⴪ ⽏έ TG YYG T ᷞ՚ᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬⢮ᢚⵛ TG YZG T ᣋ᫋ள᤟ ᐊᵂ᤟ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ Ἆῲள᤟ ӪᏪ᤟ ὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽ ᕮ᫋᤟ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ⽏έ ҫ⴪ ҫ՚ ⽏έ ҫ⴪ ҫ՚ Ὢ Ὢ JOWJWP JOWJUSP ⴪ᕮ ৶ ⴪ᕮ ⽏έ ҫ⴪ ҫ՚ <ⱊ>⮷Ϯⵛኗᒲጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮╊᥺ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ⮷Ϯⵛኗᒲጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮╊᥺ᷯⶓᨆ⃮ல▊ ᓢ ఊẗྷᨆ⃮ `ẗఊῲ⒢ ⮷ϮҲᨆ"' ⮷Ϯⵛኗᒲ ጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮૖Ỳ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⃪ẂѢЃᷯⶓᶾ૮ⵊጢᷯⶓ╊᥺ᷯⶓ ᨆ⃮Ҟ <ⱊ>Ὢᐆὦ՚ᶾ૮ⵊጢᷯⶓ╊᥺ᷯⶓ ᨆ⃮ ०▊⸃⣊ ०▊ҫ၊ ẗྷᨆ⃮ ጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ϮᾓᏪϾⵊ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ҫ՚NHLHEBZ ‫᤟׷‬ᷯⶓ ⴪ᕮNHLHEBZ ⽏έNHN ҫ՚NHLHEBZ ᆺ᤟ᷯⶓ ⴪ᕮNHLHEBZ ⽏έNHN <ⱊ>὿ᶳ὾ᶾ૮ⵊጢᷯⶓ╊᥺ᷯⶓ ᨆ⃮ ०▊⸃⣊ ‫᤟׷‬ᷯⶓ ०▊ҫ၊ ẗྷᨆ⃮ ጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮ ϮᾓᏪϾⵊ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ⴪ᕮNHLHEBZ ⽏έNHN ҫ՚NHLHEBZ ᆺ᤟ᷯⶓ ⴪ᕮNHLHEBZ ⽏έNHN ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⮷Ϯ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟⪧᤟⮷Ϯ ᾂᅆ᤟⮷Ϯ ▃`᤟⮷Ϯ ள᤟⮷Ϯ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟⪧᤟ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽῲ `Ҟ၎ ᐞ▊⪧᤟Ҟ TG Y[G T ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ᨆྷ⦒ <ⱊ>०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒЊẂ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒЊẂ ०▊⮷Ϯ ⁞ ⸪ⵗ⁞ ᢞᶳ`ῲጦ`ᢚẗ ᢞᶳ`ῲጦ`ẗல ᥺ᘲ὾ ẗல ⱶ ᒂ⃪ ӣ ᒂ⃪ ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳ ᕲᅆ❂ೊ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  TG Y\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ኗ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ЊẂ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ⯚ⵖఆં⹊ேᏽӣ ᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬ᨎ <ⱊ>०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ⯚ⵖఆં⹊ேᏽӣ ᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬ᨎ ኗ ẗல⹃ὦ ӣ ᒂ⃪ ⱶᒂ⃪ ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆ❂ೊ ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታ ⹆ҫ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታ ᥺ᘲ὾ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታ ὿ᶳ὾ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ <ⱊ>὿ᶳ὾०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒḮӮဖఊẢᷯ⁞ѢᏽỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢ ӣ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ ӣ ᒂ⃪ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ०▊᷶☏ ⹆ҫ०▊ЊẂ ⹆ҫᐞ▊᷶☏ <ⱊ>⹆ҫᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ՚ᕲ ◖‫᤟⪧׷‬ ῲ⒢ ᢚᶳᾓ ՛↮`ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ⁞ᶳὪᨆ ૮‫؞‬ ᨆҲ TG Y]G T ῲ՛ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ⦎ᵿ ૮‫؞‬ ᨆҲ ⦎ᵿ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>⹆ҫᐞ▊ ᓢ ՛↮`ᐞ▊LHEBZ ૮‫؞‬ ᨆҲ ⦎ᵿ ՚ᕲ ૮‫؞‬ ῲ՛ᐞ▊LHZS ᨆҲ ⦎ᵿ ‫ת‬ў ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ⹆ҫ०▊ᨆ⃮᷶☏ <ⱊ>⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல՛↮` ՚ᕲ ૮‫؞‬ ૢᨆ ՛↮`ॻல ⦎ᵿ ♖ῲጪ ॻҫ↮ ኗ⓶↮ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ ‫ת‬ў ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い <ⱊ>⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலῲ՛ ῲ՛ॻல ՚ᕲ ૮‫؞‬ ૢᨆ ὾ᷞ↮ ⦎ᵿ ॻҫ↮ ‫ת‬ў ல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ὦ⒢०▊ ⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵊὦ⒢ϲ῿०▊ ૮‫؞‬Ḓᷪᶾ὆ⵊὦ⒢०▊ <ⱊ>૮‫ⵇ⹂⃿؞‬ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ⽏έ०▊ྷᢞ ૖Ỳ㋄㋅EBZ ՚ᕲ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ՛↮` ῲ՛ ⮷ᣋὪὪ⮷‫׎‬०▊ྷ-"%% ὪὪ⮷‫׎‬०▊ྷ"%% * ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆўࢆ, ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮ⱝЀἪ၊↮ ⵆᷚ⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶἺ. ᫊ࢆᆚḒ1ᶾⵢ૧ⵆંЊᒲᢚᶳᾓᒲ၊՚ᕲⵆᷚ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆӎ, ‫צ‬ҞӪᅪϯϯ὿᤟. TG Y^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⦎ᵿḒᷪᶾ὆ⵊὦ⒢०▊ <ⱊ>⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊҫ၊ᒲ०▊ྷᢞ ૖ỲOH㋅EBZ ՚ᕲ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ⮷ᣋὪὪ⮷‫׎‬ ०▊ྷ -"%% ՛↮` ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ῲ՛ ॻҫ↮ ⮷ᣋὪὪ⮷‫׎‬ ०▊ྷ ὾ᷞ↮ -"%% ல᫊᢯ᶳ ẗ↮ ॻҫ↮ ኗ⓶↮ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ॻҫ↮ ॻҫ↮ ὪὪ⮷‫׎‬०▊ྷ "%% ὪὪ⮷‫׎‬०▊ྷ ὾ᷞ↮ "%% ல᫊᢯ᶳ ẗ↮ ኗ⓶↮ * ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆўࢆ, ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮ⱝЀἪ၊↮ ⵆᷚ⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶἺ. ᫊ࢆᆚḒ1ᶾⵢ૧ⵆંЊᒲᢚᶳᾓᒲ၊՚ᕲⵆᷚ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆӎ, ‫צ‬ҞӪᅪϯϯ὿᤟. ᥺ᘲ὾०▊ <ⱊ>᥺ᘲ὾ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ॻல ᷶☏०▊ॻல ՚ᕲ ☏ ०▊ॻல ०▊ҫ၊ Ѐ ૖Ỳ Ѐ ૖Ỳ ‫᤟׷‬ҫ⴪०▊ ‫⽏᤟׷‬έ०▊ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ‫᤟׷‬ҫ՚०▊ ᆺ᤟ҫ⴪०▊ ᆺ᤟⽏έ०▊ ᆺ᤟ҫ՚०▊ * ᫊ࢆᆚḒ1ᶾⵢ૧ⵆં ⱶᒂ⃪ᒲ၊՚ᕲⵆᷚ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆӎ, ‫צ‬ҞӪᅪϯϯ὿᤟. TG Y_G T ᤒታ☏ ὾Ⴚ὆▊⒆ ૮ⱝЀ ᢚẗᷚᕮ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ὿ᶳ὾०▊ <ⱊ>὿ᶳ὾ᶾ૮ⵊ‫᤟׷‬०▊ॻல ՚ᕲ ᷶☏०▊ॻல ०▊ҫ၊ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い Ѐ ૖Ỳ ☏ ०▊ॻல Ѐ ૖Ỳ ᤒታ☏ ὾Ⴚ὆▊⒆ ૮ⱝЀ ᢚẗᷚᕮ ⽏έ०▊ ҫ⴪०▊ * ᫊ࢆᆚḒ1ᶾⵢ૧ⵆંᶳ⒢ᒲӣ ᕲᅆᶾഞཪ՚ᕲⵆᷚ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆӎ, ‫צ‬ҞӪᅪϯϯ὿᤟. ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ኗ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ЊẂ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ⯚ⵖఆં⹊ேᏽӣ ᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬ᨎ <ⱊ>०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ⯚ⵖఆં⹊ேᏽӣ ᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬ᨎ ኗ ẗல⹃ὦ ӣ ᒂ⃪ ⱶᒂ⃪ ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆ❂ೊ ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታ ⹆ҫ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታ ᥺ᘲ὾ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታ ὿ᶳ὾ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ <ⱊ>὿ᶳ὾०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒḮӮဖఊẢᷯ⁞ѢᏽỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢ ӣ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ ӣ ᒂ⃪ TG Y`G T Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ०▊᷶☏ ⹆ҫ०▊ЊẂ ⹆ҫᐞ▊᷶☏ <ⱊ>⹆ҫᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ◖‫᤟⪧׷‬ ՚ᕲ ῲ⒢ ՛↮`ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢚᶳᾓ ⁞ᶳὪᨆ ૮‫؞‬ ᨆҲ ῲ՛ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ⦎ᵿ ૮‫؞‬ ᨆҲ ⦎ᵿ <ⱊ>⹆ҫᐞ▊ ᓢ ՛↮`ᐞ▊LHEBZ ૮‫؞‬ ᨆҲ ⦎ᵿ ՚ᕲ ૮‫؞‬ ῲ՛ᐞ▊LHZS ᨆҲ ⦎ᵿ ‫ת‬ў ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ⹆ҫ०▊ᨆ⃮᷶☏ <ⱊ>⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல՛↮` ՚ᕲ ૮‫؞‬ ૢᨆ ՛↮`ॻல ⦎ᵿ ♖ῲጪ ॻҫ↮ ኗ⓶↮ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ ‫ת‬ў ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い <ⱊ>⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலῲ՛ ῲ՛ॻல ՚ᕲ ૮‫؞‬ ૢᨆ ὾ᷞ↮ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い TG ZWG T ⦎ᵿ ॻҫ↮ ‫ת‬ў ல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ὦ⒢०▊ ⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵊὦ⒢ϲ῿०▊ ૮‫؞‬Ḓᷪᶾ὆ⵊὦ⒢०▊ <ⱊ>૮‫ⵇ⹂⃿؞‬ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ⽏έ०▊ྷᢞ ૖Ỳ㋄㋅EBZ ՚ᕲ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ՛↮` ῲ՛ ⮷ᣋὪὪ⮷‫׎‬०▊ྷ-"%% ὪὪ⮷‫׎‬०▊ྷ"%% ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆўࢆᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮ⱝЀἪ၊↮ ⵆᷚ⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶἺ᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾⵢ૧ⵆંЊᒲᢚᶳᾓᒲ၊՚ᕲⵆᷚ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆӎ‫צ‬ҞӪᅪϯϯ὿᤟ ⦎ᵿḒᷪᶾ὆ⵊὦ⒢०▊ <ⱊ>⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊҫ၊ᒲ०▊ྷᢞ ૖ỲOH㋅EBZ ՚ᕲ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ⮷ᣋὪὪ⮷‫׎‬ ०▊ྷ -"%% ՛↮` ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ῲ՛ ॻҫ↮ ॻҫ↮ ⮷ᣋὪὪ⮷‫׎‬ ०▊ྷ ὾ᷞ↮ -"%% ல᫊᢯ᶳ ẗ↮ ኗ⓶↮ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ॻҫ↮ ॻҫ↮ ὪὪ⮷‫׎‬०▊ྷ ὾ᷞ↮ "%% ல᫊᢯ᶳ ẗ↮ ὪὪ⮷‫׎‬०▊ྷ "%% ኗ⓶↮ *ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆўࢆᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮ⱝЀἪ၊↮ ⵆᷚ⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶἺ᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾⵢ૧ⵆંЊᒲᢚᶳᾓᒲ၊՚ᕲⵆᷚ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆӎ‫צ‬ҞӪᅪϯϯ὿᤟ TG ZXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᥺ᘲ὾०▊ <ⱊ>᥺ᘲ὾ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ॻலᴶ ՚ᕲ ᷶☏०▊ॻல ०▊ҫ၊ Ѐ ☏ ०▊ॻல ૖Ỳ Ѐ ᤒታ☏ ὾Ⴚ὆▊⒆ ૖Ỳ ૮ⱝЀ ᢚẗᷚᕮ ‫᤟׷‬ҫ⴪०▊ ‫⽏᤟׷‬έ०▊ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ‫᤟׷‬ҫ՚०▊ ᆺ᤟ҫ⴪०▊ ᆺ᤟⽏έ०▊ ᆺ᤟ҫ՚०▊ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾⵢ૧ⵆં ⱶᒂ⃪ᒲ၊՚ᕲⵆᷚ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆӎ‫צ‬ҞӪᅪϯϯ὿᤟ ὿ᶳ὾०▊ <ⱊ>὿ᶳ὾ᶾ૮ⵊ‫᤟׷‬०▊ॻலᴶ ՚ᕲ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ०▊ҫ၊ ᷶☏०▊ॻல Ѐ ૖Ỳ ☏ ०▊ॻல Ѐ ૖Ỳ ᤒታ☏ ὾Ⴚ὆▊⒆ ⽏έ०▊ ҫ⴪०▊ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾⵢ૧ⵆંᶳ⒢ᒲӣ ᕲᅆᶾഞཪ՚ᕲⵆᷚ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆӎ‫צ‬ҞӪᅪϯϯ὿᤟ TG ZYG T ૮ⱝЀ ᢚẗᷚᕮ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ኗ ⹆ҫ <ⱊ>⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ՛↮` ᇒ⒢ ՚ᕲ 1&$ 1/&$ 1&$1/&$ ४὆ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ૢᨆ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ♖ῲጪ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ॻҫ↮ ⦎ ᵿ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ኗ⓶↮ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ὦ⒢ѢЃ ⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵊὦ⒢ϲ῿०▊ ᘲᐊᵂỲⵢல ૮‫؞‬ <ⱊ>૮‫⽏⃿؞‬έ०▊၊ὦⵊᘲᐊᵂள᤟Ỳⵢல ՚ᕲ ↮ᷛ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ῲ՛ 1&$㋃㋛ ०▊ྷ㋄㋅EBZ Ἆⵢ↮ᨆ ỲⵢலҞ ՛↮` ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢෾ંᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ TG ZZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⦎ᵿ <ⱊ>⦎ᵿ⃿०▊ҫ՚⽏έҫ⴪ ၊ὦⵊᘲᐊᵂள᤟Ỳⵢல ՚ᕲ ↮ᷛ ०▊ྷOH㋅EBZ Ἆⵢ↮ᨆ ỲⵢலҞ ॻҫ↮ ՛↮` ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い 1&$NHLH ኗ⓶↮ ॻҫ↮ ῲ՛ ὾ᷞ↮ ல᫊᢯ᶳẗ↮ ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢෾ંᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ ᐊᵂỲⵢல ૮‫؞‬ <ⱊ>૮‫⽏⃿؞‬έ०▊၊ὦⵊᐊᵂள᤟Ỳⵢல ՚ᕲ ↮ᷛ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ῲ՛ 1&$㋃㋛ ०▊ྷ㋄㋅EBZ ᐊᵂỲⵢல ỲⵢலҞ ՛↮` ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢෾ંᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ ⦎ᵿ <ⱊ>⦎ᵿ⃿०▊ҫ՚⽏έҫ⴪ ၊ὦⵊᐊᵂள᤟Ỳⵢல ՚ᕲ ↮ᷛ ՛↮` ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い 1&$NHLH ०▊ྷOH㋅EBZ Ἆⵢ↮ᨆ ỲⵢலҞ ॻҫ↮ ኗ⓶↮ ॻҫ↮ ῲ՛ ὾ᷞ↮ ல᫊᢯ᶳẗ↮ ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢෾ંᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ TG Z[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᥺ᘲ὾ <ⱊ>᥺ᘲ὾ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ՚ᕲ ०▊՚ᕲ ०▊ҫ၊ ०▊ॻல ள᤟⮷Ϯⵛኗ ⃪Ẃᷯⶓ %/. &- Ỳⵢல Ҟ ᘲ ҫ⴪ ‫᤟׷‬ ⽏έ ҫ՚ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ҫ⴪ ᆺ᤟ ⽏έ ҫ՚ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᒲ ⱶᒂ⃪ᶾഞཪᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞ⵢ૧ ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ ὿ᶳ὾ <ⱊ>὿ᶳ὾ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ՚ᕲ ०▊ҫ၊ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い⽏έ ०▊ॻல ள᤟⮷Ϯⵛኗ ⃪Ẃᷯⶓ %/. &- Ỳⵢல Ҟ ᘲ ҫ⴪ * ᫊ࢆᆚḒᒲᶳ⒢ᒲӣ ᕲᅆᶾഞཪᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ 1ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ ⵆ቞, ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ. ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ኗ ⹆ҫ <ⱊ>⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ՛↮` ᇒ⒢ ՚ᕲ 1&$ 1/&$ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ૢᨆ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ♖ῲጪ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ॻҫ↮ ⦎ ᵿ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ኗ⓶↮ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᐞ▊ᶳ⒢ い TG Z\G T 1&$1/&$ ४὆ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ὦ⒢ѢЃ ⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵊὦ⒢ϲ῿०▊ ᘲᐊᵂỲⵢல ૮‫؞‬ <ⱊ>૮‫⽏⃿؞‬έ०▊၊ὦⵊᘲᐊᵂள᤟Ỳⵢல ՚ᕲ ↮ᷛ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ῲ՛ 1&$㋃㋛ ०▊ྷ㋄㋅EBZ Ἆⵢ↮ᨆ ỲⵢலҞ ՛↮` ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢෾ંᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ ⦎ᵿ <ⱊ>⦎ᵿ⃿०▊ҫ՚⽏έҫ⴪ ၊ὦⵊᘲᐊᵂள᤟Ỳⵢல ՚ᕲ ↮ᷛ ՛↮` ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い 1&$NHLH ०▊ྷOH㋅EBZ Ἆⵢ↮ᨆ ỲⵢலҞ ॻҫ↮ ኗ⓶↮ ॻҫ↮ ῲ՛ ὾ᷞ↮ ல᫊᢯ᶳẗ↮ ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢෾ંᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ ᐊᵂỲⵢல ૮‫؞‬ <ⱊ>૮‫⽏⃿؞‬έ०▊၊ὦⵊᐊᵂள᤟Ỳⵢல ՚ᕲ ↮ᷛ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ῲ՛ 1&$㋃㋛ ०▊ྷ㋄㋅EBZ ᐊᵂỲⵢல ỲⵢலҞ ՛↮` * ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢෾ંᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ TG Z]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⦎ᵿ <ⱊ>⦎ᵿ⃿०▊ҫ՚⽏έҫ⴪ ၊ὦⵊᐊᵂள᤟Ỳⵢல ՚ᕲ ↮ᷛ 1&$NHLH ०▊ྷOH㋅EBZ Ἆⵢ↮ᨆ ỲⵢலҞ ॻҫ↮ ՛↮` ኗ⓶↮ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ॻҫ↮ ῲ՛ ὾ᷞ↮ ல᫊᢯ᶳẗ↮ * ῲ⒢ᐞ▊ᶳ⒢෾ંᐞ▊ᶳ⒢⃿ϮᾓᆼἮᐞ▊ྷἲ↮શંᶳ⒢ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ ᥺ᘲ὾ <ⱊ>᥺ᘲ὾ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ՚ᕲ ०▊՚ᕲ ०▊ҫ၊ ०▊ॻல ள᤟⮷Ϯⵛኗ ⃪Ẃᷯⶓ %/. &- Ỳⵢல Ҟ ᘲ ҫ⴪ ‫᤟׷‬ ⽏έ ҫ՚ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ҫ⴪ ᆺ᤟ ⽏έ ҫ՚ * ᫊ࢆᆚḒᒲ ⱶᒂ⃪ᶾഞཪᨆ⵷ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᶾ⃮ⵆᷚ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ 2ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵆ቞, ⵢ ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ. ὿ᶳ὾ <ⱊ>὿ᶳ὾ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ՚ᕲ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ い ०▊ҫ၊ ०▊ॻல ள᤟⮷Ϯⵛኗ ⃪Ẃᷯⶓ %/. &- Ỳⵢல Ҟ ᘲ ⽏έ ҫ⴪ * ᫊ ࢆ ᆚ Ḓ ᒲ ᶳ ⒢ ᒲ ӣ ᕲ ᅆ ᶾ ഞ ཪ ᨆ ⵷ ⵊ ० ▊ ⮷ Ϯ Ҟ Ӫ ᶾ ⃮ ⵆ ᷚ ० ▊ ᫊ ࢆ ᆚ Ḓ ᶾ ૮ ⵊ ᴶ ῲ ᤟ ⹃ ὦ Ҟ Ӫ ᅪ ‫ ؞‬ᨎ ⵆ ல ။ ⵆ ቞ ⵢ૧ᢚᶳᾓᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪலⵖ‫ۆ‬὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪⵖ TG Z^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῲ⒢`ὦ०▊Ӯဖఊኖ೎ᐞ▊Ἆ▊Ế὆⁞ⵗ ⹆ҫ <ⱊ>⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦῲ՛ ᇒ⒢ 1&$ 1/&$ ૢᨆ ὾ᷞ↮ ⦎ᵿ ॻҫ↮ ல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮ ὦ⒢ѢЃ TG Z_G T 1&$1/&$ ४὆ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⦒ᨆᒲ ⁞⾞ᨆέᶾഞཪ὿᤟ⵢᵪⵆં〿Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ぀ં ⹂⮷ᒃᓦᒃဧ᫊⵷ဧᏽ᫊⵷‫♇׊‬ᶾᶦ‫׷‬ఆᶢὶἪ቞〿Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ぀὆ ՚⒢`ὦ ὿᤟ᐗᒃᶾ ૮ⵊ ࢢẗἮ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾᶾᤊ ӎ᫊ⵆӎ ὶ૒ ⹂ⵇ ጪ↶὆ ⁞ᏽᨆέ὾ં〿೟။ᫎ⒛὾Ⴚ὆὿᤟ᐗᒃᏽἎⵢ᤟᫚ᢚᐗᒃ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬぀՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ 〿⹂ⵇጪ↶ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ὆ ՚⒢`ᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬぀՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ 〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬぀՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ 〿Ỳⵢẞဒ ⱶ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ὆ ૮᢯ ᏽ ᐗᒃ ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬぀՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ೟ᶾ ഞᅢўࢆ ␦⁞ⵆᷚ 〿Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ὾Ⴚ぀ᅪ ὿᤟ⵆᷚᵪ ⵊ૒⪧⽶ ᓦ↮♖ᤊᶾᤊᢚẗⵆંẗᶢંỲ὆ӎ᫊ᶾᤊ ὆ⵊѱӪேὪ ⵆѺᢚẗⵆᷮ૒ϯӎ᫊ᒲᓦ↮♖ᤊḮӮဖ᤟ὢ⡚ўࢆỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὿᤟᫊ ␦ӎⵢᵪⵎࢢẗἮ<ⱊ>ḮЇ૒ <ⱊ>Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὿᤟ӮဖӪⵇẾӎ᫊ᒲ⃪ẂӮဖࢢẗ ӎ᫊ᑶ⸦ ӎ᫊ታ ↮♖ᤊӮဖ⃪Ẃࢢẗ ⸦ ೟။ᫎ⒛὾Ⴚ὆὿᤟ᐗᒃᏽ Ἆⵢ᤟᫚ᢚᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ �G ⃪Ẃẗᶢጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮╊᥺ᷯⶓᨆ⃮०▊ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ೟ �G Ἆⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ०▊⮷Ϯᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦῶ␖ ⸦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊೟ᶾӮⵊ �G ጪᆚ`�⹂ⵇ` Ỳⷆ᤟ ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ ᏽ ѢЃ Ἆⵢ᤟ᕲᅆⱊ᫊ ‫ ׊‬ ⸦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫊ⷆᐗᒃᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ ⸦ Ỳⵢ᤟⮷ϮҞӪ὆ᢚẗᪧὦᏽ �G ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ⹃ᓢ ᢚẗႺ⇃ᨆ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ ⸦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆՚⒢` ᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ ⸦ ᾚӣ૮᢯⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᓢ὆ ὿᤟ᐗᒃᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ ⸦ Ỳⵢẞဒ ⱶỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ TG Z`G T �G ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᣋᢞ �G ᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻல1/&$ ᷶☏⹆ҫॻல1&$ Ҟ �G ὦ⒢०▊Ҳᨆ⮷ϮҲᨆ೟ �G Ỳⵢ᤟ ᓢ὾Ⴚ὿᤟ �G ०▊ྷҲᢞ᫋ ⱶ०▊Ҳᨆ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὿᤟ἲỲⵊⵛኗᒲ὾Ⴚ⹃ὦ ᓦῶᶾᤊંἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵊጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ὦ⒢ѢЃᏽ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⵛኗ ⮷Ϯᶾ ⴲẂⵊ ὾Ⴚ ᨆ↿ ᨆ↿ⵊ ὾Ⴚᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫎ႞லᅪ ⮷Ϯⵆંᐗᒃᏽ὾Ⴚᤎ⣋⃪᫊὆ᢚⵛ೟ᶾ૮ⵆᷚ‫؞‬ᨎⵆᷮ૒Ἆⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ ᨆ⵷ ᫊ᶾં ⹂⮷ᒃ ⁞ ⵛ ᏽ ᫊⵷‫⁞ ♇׊‬ᶾ ഞཪ ▊ఊ ὾Ⴚᅪ ᢚẗⵎᨆὶἪ቞‫צ‬ὢṦᶾ▂Ϯ`Ἢ၊ᨆ↿ⵊ὾Ⴚ೒ἲᤎ⣋`Ἢ၊ὢẗⵎ ᨆὶ૒૒ᆺ⮷Ϯῲᶾ὾Ⴚ὆ᫎ႞லᅪ⫾૖ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ἆⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾ⹊ẗϮઓⵊ὾Ⴚ὆⹃ᓢ૖Ҳં<‫צ‬ᆪ>ḮЇ૒ ὾Ⴚ⹃ᓢ ૖Ҳંጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᏽ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢኖాேὪⵆѺ`ẗⵊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ⵛኗᒲ὾Ⴚ⹃ὦῶ␖ ૖Ҳ⦒ᨆᒲ ▊ⵛኗ⹃ὦ ぴ೟။὾ં ⁞⾞ᨆέⵆંጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ⦒ᨆᒲ ▊ⵛኗἲ⹃ὦⵊ૒ ૖Ҳ⮷Ϯⵛኗᒲ೟။ᫎ⒛ ▊὾Ⴚ὆ᫎ႞ல⮷Ϯ ぴⵢ૧ጪ↶὆⦒ᨆᒲ ▊ⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢ〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆೟။ᫎ⒛᫊ ▊ ὾Ⴚ぀὆ ᫎ႞லᅪ ⮷Ϯⵆᷚ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᶾ ⹊ẗ Ϯઓⵊ↮ ᷚᕮᅪ ⫾૖ⵊ૒ TG [WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૖Ҳ▂Ϯ`ὦ὾Ⴚᨆ↿ὢⴲẂⵊⵛኗ⹃ὦ → 2૖Ҳᶾᤊ▗ᕲⵊᫎ႞லϮὦ ఆᶢἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆ‫؞‬၊Ҟ ఊ ⵛኗἲ Ṧⵆӎ▂Ϯ`ὦ὾Ⴚᨆ↿ὢⴲẂⵊⵛኗἲ⹃ὦⵊ૒. ૖Ҳ὾Ⴚᨆ↿ἲ⦣ⵊᫎ‫ ׊‬ᓢ὆ᣋᢞ → 3૖Ҳᶾᤊ ⹃ὦఊ ▂Ϯ`ὦ ὾Ⴚ ᨆ↿ὢ ⴲẂⵊ ⵛኗᶾ ⵊⵆᷚ ὾Ⴚᅪ ᨆ↿ⵊ૒. ‫⁢؞‬὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵎᨆᶴંҫẞᶾં↯῿᫊ⷆᨆ⵷ἲ⦣ⵢ ᫎ‫׊‬὾Ⴚᅪᣋᢞⵢᵪⵆ቞, ૒ᵿⵊ὾ႺẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ᨆ↿ఊ὾Ⴚ೒὆ `ῶ᤟ᏽᫎ႞᤟ἲ⫾૖ⵊ૒. ⮷Ϯ᫊`ẗⵆᷮἪࢆ೟။ᫎ⒛᫊Ꮶ ▊ఊ὾Ⴚᶾ૮ⵢᤊં▂⺲⮷Ϯ ‫؞‬Ӯ὆὾Ⴚ ▊Ẃ⒛ὢὶἲഺ὾Ⴚᅪ ▊ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ TG [XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ὾ႺẾ ⴲẂⵊ ᓢᶾ૮ⵢ૒ᵿⵊ὾ႺẾἲ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ᓢᅪᨆ↿ⵆ቞‫⁢؞‬὾Ⴚᅪ ⹊ẗⵎᨆ ᶴંҫẞᶾં↯῿ ᫊ⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵆᷚᫎ‫׊‬὾Ⴚᅪᣋᢞⵢᵪⵊ૒ ᫊ⷆἲ↯῿ᨆ⵷ⵆӎ὾ⵎҫẞᶾં՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾㅯ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫊ⷆᐗᒃᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬ㅰἲ ␦ӎⵆᷚ ᨆ⵷ⵎ ᨆ ὶἪ቞ ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛ ὾Ⴚ὆ ὿᤟ᐗᒃ ᏽ Ἆⵢ᤟ ᫚ᢚᐗᒃ ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬ㅰ὆ <ᒲⱊ >ᶾ ᫊ఆᶢ ὶં ᫊ⷆⵛኗᒲ ᫊ⷆቢ ⁞Ѣἲ⹃ὦⵊ⺲᫊ⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵢᵪⵊ૒᫊ⷆᨆ⵷ὢᕶϮઓⵊҫẞ ὢᶾ ૮ⵊ ᢚἎᅪ ‫؞‬ᾚⵆல။ ⵊ૒ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ӫ Ӯဖఊ ՛ࢢ⾞Ṧ ủᢚὢ⪦ ኗ။Ἦᓦ↮♖ᤊ὆ᕮ။<ᒲⱊ>ἲ␦⁞ⵆல။ⵊ૒ ‫؞‬ᶳࢢᕮ὾Ⴚ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ ӣὦఊ՛ࢢṦᓢӎᤊ὾Ⴚ0&$%&6ᓢӎᤊ೟ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ӯဖ՛ࢢṦủᢚὢ⪦ 2 4"3ኖ୦᷶☏὾Ⴚ `ῶⵊ὾Ⴚᤎ⣋ἲỲⵊӎဒᢚⵛ Ϯ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` ⪧᤟ ⵛኗ὆ ҫẞ ḓ⢲Ḛጪ ᕲᐞҲᨆ ᫊ⷆἲ Ṧⵆӎં ẞᨆ᫒ⷆ᫒Ảᷯ‫(⃮؞‬PPE-BCPSBUPSZ1SBDUJDFὢⵆ〿(-1぀ཪⵊ૒ ὢᴲ઺ ⁞ѢOPO(-1 ᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣ ᶾᤊல ᨆ⵷ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ૒ᆺ ள᤟᫊ⷆὢࢆ ᣋ⣊ள᤟ ᫊ⷆӪ‫צ‬ᶾഞᅦᕲᤋἮ૮ᕮᕲ(-1Ế♇ἲഞཪᨆ⵷ⵢᵪⵊ૒ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ᫊ⷆ὆ҫẞⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢᤊંኖా(-1Ế♇ἲഞᅢ቞‫צ‬Ṧ᫊ⷆ ⵛኗἮ(-1ᏽOPO(-1᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣὢኖాⶶẗఊ૒ ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ ⹊ẗ ᫊ᶾં ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪ ⹊ẗⵎ ҫẞ ‫؞‬ᨎఊ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ Ṧᶾ 0&$%5(೟՛ `Ἢ၊ⱊ⃮⹂ఊ᫊ⷆᒃἲ⦣ⵢல▊ఊ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪὢẗⵆ ᷚᵪⵊ૒ TG [YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆᘲ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ 2 4"3 ೟။ኗ`Ἢ၊ં ⁞⾞ᨆέྷὢ⦒Ꮶᆺὦҫẞᆺ2 4"3὾Ⴚᅪᢚẗ ⵎᨆὶ૒᫊⵷ဧ ⁞ ⸦ ‫צ‬࿚ࢆỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὿᤟᫊⦒ᨆᒲⴲᨆ ▊ ⵛኗὢṦ὆ⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢᤊ2 4"3ҞӪᅪ ⵊఊᒂỲᶾᤊ⹊ẗⵎᨆંὶ૒ ጪ၎ Ӫⵇ`Ἢ၊ ↋ታఊ 2 4"3 ኖ୦ ᏽ ኖ୦὆ `ⵗ᤟ ᒂỲ ࢢᶾᤊ ல▊ఊ ҞӪᶾⵊⵆ቞ᢚẗఊⳲ၊‫ྖצ‬ᏽ᷶☏Ѐᶾ૮ⵊᓢӎᤊᅪ⒖ᕮⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ‫צ‬࿚ࢆ ▊ఊ ኖ೎ 2 4"3 ὾ႺϮ ૮⒢᫊ⷆ ҞӪ၊ ὦ ఆં ѱἮ ᴲશ቞ (-1෾ંOPO(-1‫؞‬Ӯᶾ὆ⵊ᫊ⷆὢ▂Ϯ၊Ẃ⒛ఎᨆலὶ૒ 3FBEBDSPTTᏽ‫צ‬ყⴿ ᫊ⷆἲ ⦣ⵢ ᶩἮ ጪ↶ %#ᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᷶☏ⵆӎ὾ ⵆં ጪ↶Ӫ Ἆᢚⵊ ጪ↶ἲ Ѯᢷⵆᷚ ‫ צ‬᫊ⷆ ЀἪ၊ᕮ⤞ Ếⵆં ጪ᤟ Ѐἲ ᷶☏ⵆં ᐗᒃἪ၊ 0&$% BQQMJDBUJPO 5PPMCPY ෾ં &6 5PY.BUDI ೟὆ Ⳳ၊‫ྖצ‬ἲ ᢚẗⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒‫צ‬࿚ࢆὢᕮᕲἮᇒẞ४ᆚ`ὦⵢᤒӪ‫ת‬ўϮ ᫊ఆᶢᵪⵊ૒↮ࢆ ♆Ѻ ⃪Ӯ`ὦ ⫾૖ὢࢆ ४ᆚ` ḒᅆϮ ὶં ҫẞᶾં ⵢ૧ ὾Ⴚᅪ ᢚẗⵊ Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚῲ⒢Ϯўᕮఎᨆலὶ૒3FBEBDSPTTⵆ‫؞‬ᶾ▗ᕲ⽶՚⁞`Ἢ၊ Ἆᢚⵆᷚᵪ ⵆ቞ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` ᤟↶ ೟ Ἆᢚⵆ૒ં ↋ўல ᕲታⵆѺ ᫊ ఆᶢᵪⵆ቞⹊ẗⵆં୞ὢ⤞὆ᫎ႞ல෾ⵊ▗ᕲ⽶ঀᴲᵪⵎѱὢ૒᫊⵷‫♇׊‬ <ᒲⱊ>὆⸦ཪኗ೟␦ӎ ὾Ⴚ὆ᫎ႞ல ᨆ↿ⵊẾጦ὆ ኗ▊⒆ጪ↶᫒ⷆἎ⸃⁳०▊ॻல०▊᫊ϲ⁳ᆾ῾ ᫒ⷆᐗᒃ ▊⒆ ҞӪ ӎ␞ ೟὆ ⵛኗἲ ᐂ⣃Ἢ၊ ᨆ↿ⵊ ὾Ⴚᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫎ႞ல ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵊ૒ᨆ↿ఊ὾Ⴚᶾ૮ⵊᫎ႞லᅪ⮷Ϯⵎҫẞ὾Ⴚ὆⃪Ẃࢢẗᶾ ‫ת‬ўⵆᷚ <ⱊ >὆ ,MJNJTDI ⮷Ϯᐗᒃᶾഞཪ ᫎ႞லᅪᶾᤊ ‫↮غ‬ᕮᷚⵆ቞ ᫎ႞லϮ෾ંᶾⵢ૧ⵆં὾ႺᅪἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾᢚẗⵊ૒ 1) http://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/risk-assessment/theoecdqsartoolbox.htm 2) http://ihcp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/our_labs/eurl-ecvam/laboratories-research/predictive_toxicology/qsar_tools/toxmatch TG [ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>὾Ⴚ὆ᫎ႞ல⮷Ϯᐗᒃ,MJNJTDIFUBM ᫎ႞ல՚ᕲ ࢢẗ 1 ⵊᶴંᫎ႞ல (Reliable without Restrictions) - Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ Ἆ⺖ⵊ ෾ં ՛ `Ἢ၊ ὦ↋ఊ᫊ⷆ↮♖ᶾ ഞᅦ ᷞ՚ ҞӪᏽ ᓢ(GLP ‫⃮؞‬ᤎ⸦ ) - ‫؞‬ᨎఊ᫊ⷆᒮᨆ೒ὢ⪧ (՛ࢢ ) ᫊ⷆ↮♖ἲ‫⓶؞‬၊ⵊᷞ՚ҞӪ ᏽ ᓢ - ኖ೎ᒮᨆϮ᫊ⷆ↮♖Ӫў὆᢯ἿⵆѺ‫؞‬ᨎఊᷞ՚ҞӪᏽ ᓢ 2 ⵊ`ὦᫎ႞ல (Reliable with Restrictions) - ‫؞‬ᨎఊ ᫊ⷆᒮᨆ೒ὢ ⪧ ᫊ⷆ↮♖ᶾ ḲᒫⵆѺ ᕮⵗⵆ↮ં ᴸἪࢆ (૮ᕮᕲ non-GLP ‫ ⃮؞‬ᢚẗ ) ᷞ՚ ᏽ ᓢϮ ẗὦⵆ‫▗ ؞‬ᕲⵊ ‫ת‬ўϮὶંҫẞ - ‫⁢؞‬὆᫊ⷆ↮♖Ἢ၊ં⮷Ϯⵎᨆᶴ૒ӎ‫؞‬ᨎఆᶶἪࢆ , Ӫⵇ`Ἢ၊ ẗὦϮઓⵆӎẞᨆⵆѺ‫؞‬ᨎఊҫẞ 3 ᫎ႞ⵎᨆᶴἺ (Not Reliable) 4 ᫎ႞லᅪᕮᷚⵎ ᨆᶴἺ (Not Assignable) - ☏ ᫊᪒⥊Ӫ᫊ⷆጪ↶ὢ᢯⸦ϲᷯⶓἲᏦ♊ҫẞ ᫊ⷆᣋጪᏽ᫊ⷆҲ⦣ὢ०▊ҫ၊ḮጢӮⵊҫẞ ӣὦఆ↮ᴸἮ᫊ⷆᐗᒃἪ၊᫊ⷆὢᨆ⵷ఊҫẞ ‫؞‬ᨎఊ ᓢϮ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫▗ ؞‬ᕲⵆ↮ ᴸӎῲጦϮ὆ ⫾૖Ἢ၊ல ࢗೋ ఆ↮ᴸંҫẞ - ᢯ᤦ᫊ⷆ ᓢᅪ▗ᕲ⽶ታ᫊ⵆ↮ᴸἮᷞ՚ҞӪᏽ ᓢ - ⇕Ἦ⓶။෾ં 2␖ጦⶺ (␳ , review ೟ )ᶾᤊὦẗఊᷞ՚ҞӪᏽ ᓢ ὾Ⴚᤎ⣋⃪᫊὆ᢚⵛ ὦ⒢ ѢЃ ᏽ ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ὾Ⴚ὆ ҫẞ (-1 ᫊ⷆ ὾Ⴚᅪ ᢚẗⵆல။ታ᫊ⵆӎὶἪࢆ᫊ⷆὢᶢဒẢҫẞᶾંᘲ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ᷶☏὾Ⴚ೟ ᅪ ⶶẗⵆӎ ὶ૒ ૖ ᘲ᫊ⷆ ὾Ⴚ ⹊ẗ ᫊ ⵢ૧ ὾Ⴚᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫎ႞᤟ἲ Ѯ↋ⵎ ὾Ⴚᅪ⒖ᕮⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` Ỳⷆ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ὾Ⴚ὆ ҫẞ OPO(-1 ᏽ ᘲ᫊ⷆ ὾Ⴚ ೟ ૒ᵿⵊᒂỲ὆὾ႺᅪⶶẗⵆӎὶἪᎮ၊ᨆ↿Ϯઓⵊኖ೎὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵆ቞ ᫊ⷆὢ ᕶϮઓⵊ ҫẞᶾં ‫ת צ‬ўᅪ Ỳⵢ᤟ ὾Ⴚᶾ ‫؞‬ᾚⵆᷚᵪ ⵊ૒ ෾ⵊ ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ὆ᣋྣὢϮઓⵊҫẞᶾં‫צ‬ᢚἎᅪ὿᤟ⵆӎ⢮૧ⵊ‫ת‬ўᅪⵖ‫ۆ‬ ▊ⵊ૒ TG [[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  3장. 화학물질의 위해성에 관한 자료 작성 ῶỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳Ẃᵫ ᓦῶἮ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᶾ ᫊ఊ╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ ⹃ὦఊẗலᶾ૮ⵊ`ῶⵊỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲẂᵫⵆᷚ὿᤟ⵊ૒ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫἲ὿᤟ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊᓦ↮♖ᤊ὆ᾓῶ὆ ㅯ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒㅰᶾ‫؞‬ᨎఊỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ࢢẗἲᐂ⣃Ἢ၊὿᤟ⵊ૒ TG [\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶ⹂ⵇጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢᏽጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟⹃ὦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫋ᒲ ᓢ䉍㒬㠺㘇 ંᆾ‫צ‬૮၊ⵢ૧⹂ⵇጪ↶Ӫ૒ᅦጪ↶ἲ ՚ᒲⵆѺⵢ⃪ંẂ᥺ᅪᆾⵊ૒᷶ᅪ೒ᶢ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ታ♛*61"$/BNF೟ ᕲ὾᫋⾞ᕲ὾ྷ⾞՚⁞᫋ӎἎᑶ⸦$"4/P,&/P೟ ᨊல ⹃ὦఊᕶᨊጪ⾞ ᕮᢞጪ὆ታ♛ᏽⵖྷ೟ὢ⯚ⵖఊ૒ <ⱊ>⹂ⵇጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢᏽጪᆚ`�⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟⹃ὦ՚᤟ⵛኗ ⵛኗ ⹂ⵇጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢ ⹃ὦఊᕶᨊጪ ·ᕮᢞጪ ጪᆚ` ·⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ ՚᤟ G ⹂ⵇጪ↶ታ , ӎἎᑶ⸦ , ᕲ὾᫋ ·ᕲ὾ྷ ·՚⁞᫋ G ᨊல (%)  ⹃ὦఊᕶᨊጪ·ᕮᢞጪ὆ጪ↶ታ(CAS No.), ૮ⱊॻல, ॻலᒂỲ G ጪ↶὆᢯⣊ G १ં῾ /ᶢં῾ G ࡁં῾ G Ꮾல G ↋‫؞‬ᵃ G ጪẗⵢல G έலᕲᤋ G ḓ⢲Ḛ /ጪᕲᐞҲᨆ G ῾ல G ⵢᆚ᢯ᨆ ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢ὆ҫẞ ⁞ ⵛ⹂ⵇጪ↶೟။ᫎ⒛᫊ ▊὾Ⴚᶾ⯚ⵖఆં ࢢẗἪ၊೟။ᫎ⒛᫊έဓⵆં὾ႺḮேὪⵊ ᓢᅪ‫؞‬έⵆல။ⵊ૒ TG []G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⹂ⵇጪ↶᫋ᒲ ᓢ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᫋ᒲ ᓢ὆ ҫẞ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ታ ෾ં *61"$ታ $"4 /P ,& /P ᕲ὾᫋ᕲ὾ྷ՚⁞᫋ᨊல ᅪ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒*61"$ታὢ⁢ᾚⵆંҫẞ⹂ⵇ ጪ↶ታӪЇὢ‫؞‬ᾚⵆல။ⵊ૒,&/Pં՛ࢢ‫ⵇ⹂⁢؞‬ጪ↶ᶾᕮᷚఊᑶ⸦ᅪ ὆Ꮶⵆ቞⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᓢ᫊᪒⥊/$*4IUUQODJTOJFSHPLS ᶾᤊ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ ⹃ὦఊᕶᨊጪ⾞ᕮᢞጪ ⹃ὦఊ ᕶᨊጪ⾞ᕮᢞጪ὆ ҫẞ ጪ↶ታ$"4 /P ૮ⱊॻல ॻலᒂỲᅪ ‫؞‬ᾚⵆ቞‫צ‬Ṧ‫؞‬⢮ᢚⵛἮᘲӎ཮ᶾ‫؞‬ᾚⵆல။ⵊ૒ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢ ⃿ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᫋ᒲ ᓢḮ ⁞ ᏽ ⹃ὦఊ ẗல὆ ҫẞ ⮷Ϯ૮᢯ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⦒ᨆḮጢӮⵆѺ`ẗఆંⵛኗὢࢆጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟὆ҫẞ ⦒ᨆᶾഞཪ⮷Ϯⵛኗὢ૒ᅢѺ`ẗఊ૒ⵢ૧⦒ᨆᶾ૮ⵆᷚẂ՚ఆંጪᆚ`⾞ ⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ Ѐἲϯϯ‫؞‬ᾚⵆӎ ᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣᏽ␦ӎጦⶺ೟▂Ϯ`ὦᢚⵛἮ ᘲӎ཮ᶾ‫؞‬ᾚⵆல။ⵊ૒ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ὆ᒂỲંேᒃ᫊⵷‫♇׊‬ <ᒲⱊ >ᶾᤊ ⹃ὦὢ Ϯઓⵆ቞ ⁞ ⵛ ⸦ᶾ ഞཪ ▊ἲ ᣋྣⵎ ᨆ ὶં᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚંேᒃ᫊⵷‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ>ᶾᤊ⹃ὦὢϮઓⵆ૒<ⱊ>ં‫ࢢצ‬ẗἲ Ẃᵫⵊѱὢ૒ 3) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-46⸦ 「⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫊ⷆᐗᒃᶾӮⵊ‫」 ׊‬. 4) ECHA(2011), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Part B: Hazard assessment. TG [^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>⦒ᨆᒲጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟᫊ⷆⵛኗ ᫊ⷆⵛኗ _⦒ _⦒ _⦒ _⦒ ⦒ὢ᢯ ጪ↶὆᢯⣊ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ १ં῾ᶢં῾ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ࡁં῾ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ Ꮾல ↋‫؞‬ᵃ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ጪẗⵢல ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ έலᕲᤋ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ Oḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ῾ல ㅧ ㅑ ㅑ ⵢᆚ᢯ᨆ ㅧ ㅑ ㅑ ㅏ: ⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗ, ●: ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ ▊ⵛኗ(ⶓ⺲᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ ▊ⴲẂ) ࡁં῾↋‫؞‬ᵃጪẗⵢலḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆḮЇἮጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟Ἦ⹂ ⵇጪ↶὆ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⹃ὦ Ӫ ᶾᤊ ⃿Ẃⵊ Ẃὦ೒၊ ὿ẗⵆ቞ ⹆ҫ Ἆⵢ᤟ ᏽ ὦ⒢ ѢЃᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⫾૖ᶾல ᢚẗఎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` ⪧᤟ ϯϯᶾ૮ⵊϲྣⵊᤒታἮ૒ἺӪЇ૒ Ϯ१ં῾ᶢં῾᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ १ં῾ᶢં῾Ἦጪ↶὆ጪᆚ`ὦ᢯⣊ᅪҞ ⵊ૒૮ᕮᕲ὆ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` ⪧᤟ ᕲᅆં ጪ↶὆ ᢯⣊ᶾ ഞཪ ՚ᕲఆᎮ၊ ጪ↶὆ ᢯⣊ᅪ ՚ᒲⵆં ѱἮ ᇒẞ ⃿Ẃⵆ቞ १ં῾ᶢં῾Ἦ ↋‫؞‬ᵃӪ ⵖ‫⁞ ⪧ ۆ‬Ѣ⹆ҫ ⁞ ӣ ⵆᶾᤊ὆ጪᆚ`᢯⣊ᅪҞ ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ↮ⱊ၊ᤊ⹊ẗఊ૒ ࢆࡁં῾᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ࡁં῾Ἦ Ἆ‫ⵗ⹂؞‬ጪ὆ Ϯᾓ Ἆẗⵊ ⪧᤟ ⃿ ⵆࢆὢ૒ ᫒Ḗᶾᤊ ጪ↶὆ ጪᆚ` ᢯⣊ᵏ⒢ ෾ં ‫؞‬⒢ ᅪ ࢆ⢮ࢢӎ ঀἮ ࡁં῾ἲ Ϯ↲ ጪ↶὆ ҫẞ ⼆ᐊ᤟ὢ࢜Ἦጪ↶ὲἲᩫѺ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶં↮ⱊϮఊ૒෾ⵊ↋‫؞‬ᵃἲ ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᐆೊ᫊ⴲẂⵊὦ὾ὢ቞ጪ↶὆ᨊலᅪ᷶☏ⵆં୞ல१ં῾Ӫ ⵖ‫ۆ‬ἎẗⵆѺᢚẗఊ૒ࡁં῾Ἦ⪧⽶⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ὦ⹂᤟ᕲᅆ⫾૖ᶾᢚẗ ఆં‫ࢆⵆ⃿⃮؞‬ὢ૒ TG [_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૒Ꮾல᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ӎ⒢ᏽᵏ⒢᢯ጪ↶὆ҫẞᏮலંጪ↶὆૖Ỳ⃿ྷӪᨊᨆⵊጪὢぐ Ὢഺ૖Ỳ⃿ྷ὆ᘲᅪ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ᨊᨆⵊጪὢぐὪഺጪ὆Ꮾலંὢ૒ ‫؞‬⒢᢯ ጪ↶὆ ҫẞ ᏮலϮ ᓢ૒ ὿Ἢቢ ぐ ‫؞‬ᵃ὆ ӣ‫؞‬ᓢ૒ ϮᒪẮἲ ࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ ཪ↋‫؞‬ᵃ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ↋‫؞‬ᵃἮ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ὿ᶳ὾᥺ᘲ὾⹆ҫᶾ०▊ఊὢ⺲὆ўேἲ⮷Ϯⵆં୞ ὶᶢ Ϯᾓ ⃿Ẃⵊ ᇒЊ ᒮᨆὢ૒ ↋‫؞‬ᵃἲ ὢẗⵆᷚ ⹆ҫ ⃿ᶾ ⁢ᾚⵆўࢆ ᢯ᶳ`ὦ ẗல၊ ᢚẗఆં ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ὢேӪ ᕲ⯚ᅪ ᷶☏ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ⪧⽶ ᨊጪ↶὆ ⼆ᐊ᤟Ἦ ↋‫؞‬ᵃᶾ ὆ⵢ ⁺ẞఆ቞ ૮‫⃿ ؞‬ᶾᤊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ⸃⣊ ᫊ᷛ↋‫؞‬ᵃἲ⦣ⵢ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶ૒↋‫؞‬ᵃ὾Ⴚંὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ ⵛኗ⃿‫⽏᤟׷‬έள᤟↋‫⴪ ؞‬ᕮᕮ᫋᤟὾‫᤟ק‬᫊ⷆ὆ῲ ⁞ѢἪ၊Ẃ՚ ఎᨆὶ૒ ᆶጪẗⵢல᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ጪẗⵢலં⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾᤊ⃿ẂⵆѺᢚẗఆંẂὦ⃿ⵆࢆὢ቞ ⪧⽶⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⦎ᵿὢே᤟Ӫ⽏␗⢶␗೟Ἦጪẗⵢலᶾ὆ⵢҞ ఊ૒ ෾ⵊጪẗⵢலં ᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣ὆ᤒ ἲỲⵢⴲᨆ`ὦẂ᥺ὢ૒ጪ↶὆Q) ᶾᤊϮᨆᕲⵢఆ቞ᐆϾ‫؞‬Ϯ᫊ϲᏦᆺὦҫẞጪᶾᤊᙎᅢѺᢞ⹂ఆં ҫẞጪӪ῿⓷᫊ὦ⹂᤟ὢὶંҫẞ೟ἮጪẗⵢலᅪҲᢞⵎⴲẂϮᶴ૒ ᐂέலᕲᤋ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ጪ↶὆έ὾⡚‫ં؞‬Ϯӣᐗᒃᶾഞཪ૚ཪ↮቞⹆ҫὢࢆὦϲᶾ὆ⵢᆼἮ ᷯⶓἲ ⃲ ᨆ ὶ૒ έல ᕲᤋἮ ጪ↶ᒲ၊ ⪧ὢ`ὦ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` ⪧᤟Ἦ ᴲશ↮ᆺὦ⒢⽏έள᤟Ӫ⽏έ०▊ҫ၊ேጪ᫒ⷆᶾᤊ὆⨚ᷚҫ၊ᣋጪ⒢὆ ⽏ᨆ⺖἖᤟⹆ҫᕲ⯚೟὆⪧᤟⫾૖ᶾ⃿ẂⵊẂὦἪ၊὿ẗⵊ૒⪧⽶Ϯ ᷞ᤟⯛ᐊ᤟ ᕲ↲ἲ ⸃᤟ⵎ Ϯઓ᤟ὢ ὶં ጪ↶὆ ҫẞᶾல ⃿Ẃⵊ ⪧᤟ ⃿ ⵆࢆ၊ ὿ẗⵊ૒ ጪ↶ὢ ᘲӎ⒢ࢆ Ӫᆫ ⸃⣊၊ ᫊ᾓᶾ ▊᫊ఆўࢆ ᢚẗఆં ҫẞᶾંᓦ᫊ⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵎⴲẂϮᶴ૒ TG [`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᢚḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ḓ⢲Ḛጪ ᕲᐞҲᨆ,PX ં ⹆ҫ ⃿ᶾᤊ὆ ᕲ⯚ ᨆ␗ ᣋጪ ὢẗ᤟ ᣋጪ ॻ▃᤟ᣋ⒢▃`᤟೟ἲ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊኖ୦ὢࢆᴺӎᆚↆᶾ૒ᵿⵆѺᢚẗఊ૒ ,PXં ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᴶῲ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟ ⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵊ ⃿Ẃⵊ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ὢᎮ၊Ϯઓⵊ ⹃ⵆѺ☏ ⵢᵪⵆ቞ᨊᨆጢ‫؞‬ጪ὆ҫẞᶾં,PXᅪ☏ ⵎ ⴲẂϮᶴ૒ ᴲ῾ல᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ῾லં૮ᕮᕲ὆ጪ↶ᶾᤊ⡚Ѻ⃿ẂⵆѺ὿ẗⵆ↮ᴸં૒ഞཪᤊ᫊ⷆἲ ᨆ⵷ⵎⴲẂϮᶴἪᎮ၊ኖ೎⦒ᨆᶾᤊ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊᆺ ▊ⵆல။ᤒ ⵆӎὶ૒ ‫צ‬࿚ࢆḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆᅪ☏ ⵆўࢆ᫊ᵫ὆ᴶ ᤟ὢࢆᓢ ‫⃮؞‬೟ἲ ☏ ⵆં೟Ὢᕮҫẞᶾᤊ῾ல὆᫊ⷆὢⴲẂⵎᨆὶ૒ ὾ⵢᆚ᢯ᨆ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ⵢᆚ᢯ᨆં ḓ⢲Ḛጪ ᕲᐞҲᨆ,PX ᅪ Ҟ ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ⃿Ẃⵊ Ẃὦὢ቞ ⵢᆚ᢯ᨆᶾഞཪᣋ⒢ὢẗᅎᏽள᤟ὢ૒ᅢѺࢆ⢮ࢎᨆὶ૒ TG \WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶ ⁞ᏽ⹃ὦఊẗல ⁞ᏽ⹃ὦఊẗலં೟။὾ᶾ὆ⵊᢞᶳ`෾ંῲጦϮ`ᢚẗἲ὆Ꮶ ⵆં೟။὾ӎἎ὆ẗலḮӣ‫׷‬ᇋࢢӮҲ὾ᶾ὆ⵢӎἎᢚẗ෾ં૒Ἲⵆ Ỳ ᢚẗ὾ᶾ ὆ⵢ ᴺဒ↲ ẗல ೟ ጪ↶ ‫ צ‬὾⒢ ෾ં ⸪ⵗጪ ࢢ ᢚẗ ೟὆ ẗலᅪ ‫؞‬ᾚⵆં ѱἪ၊ ẗல ⹃ὦἮ ૒Ἲ ᤦ Ϯ↮ Ӫ ἲ ⦣ⵢ ὢჲ↶ ᨆ ὶ૒ ૒ᆺ ᶢ੾ ẗலὢѢ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ഞᅦ ०▊⮷Ϯ ᏽ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦἲ ў♊ѱὢᶢᵪⵊ૒ഞཪᤊ ᾓ०▊⮷Ϯᕮᕲᶾ‫؞‬ᨎఆં╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆ ᆚḒḮḲῲⵆѺὪ♆ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ G ᢯·ⵆỲ ӣ‫׷‬ᇋ ࢢ ӣ ᶾᤊ ⵢ૧ ጪ↶ ‫ צ‬὾⒢ ෾ં ⸪ⵗጪ ࢢ ෾ં ⱶ ࢢᶾ ⵢ૧ ጪ↶ἲ ᢚẗⵆӎ὾ ⵆં ҫẞ(⸧Ἦ ᫒ ᢚẗⵆં ҫẞ) ෾ં, G ӣ‫׷‬ᇋ ࢢᶾᤊ ⪧ ẗல၊ ᫊ᾓᶾ Ἆ⦣᫊⢒ં ҫẞ(↯῿ ෾ં Ἆ⦣ᶳ⒢ᅪ⦣ⵢ) ෾ં, G ӣ‫׷‬ᇋ ࢢᶾᤊ ‫ ⁢؞‬෾ં ᷶ ఊ ẗலᶾ ૮ⵢ ᐂ၊ ૒Ἲ ⵆỲ ᢚẗ὾၊ᕮ⤞⦣ᓢᐉἮҫẞ ⁞ ⁞Ӫ ᏽᐗᒃᶾ૮ⵢᤊ՚⒢`Ἢ၊὿᤟ⵊ૒ὢંᓦ↮♖ᤊ὆ᾓ ῶㅯ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒㅰⵛኗᶾᤊ὿᤟ఆંࢢẗἲಥᐉ♖ⵎᨆὶல။὿᤟ ⵊ ૒ ᷶ ᅪ ೒ ᶢ ० ▊ ᫊ ࢆ ᆚ Ḓ ᶾ ⯚ ⵖ ఊ ⹊ ே ὢ ࢆ ӣ ᶾ ૮ ⵊ ‫؞‬ ᨎ ೟ ἲ ⯚ ⵖ ⵊ૒ ⁞�ᨆέྷ ⁞⾞ᨆέྷᒮ⹂ᅪᴺᴲᓢ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ૧ⵢᷞலᅪ⯚ⵖⵊӪўल♆ḮᏦ྆ ल♆὆ ᷞலᒲ ⁞ ᏽ ᨆέྷἲ ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ ૧ⵢ ᷞலᶾં ೟။ ᫎ⒛ ૧᫊ ⵢ૧ᷞல὆ỂὪᕮ⤞ỂὪ‫↮غ‬὆ᷞϲ ⁞෾ંᨆέྷἲ᷶᢯ⵆᷚ `Ἢ቞Ꮶ྆ᷞலᶾં▂⺲὆ ⁞෾ંᨆέྷἲ᷶☏ⵆᷚ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒὿᤟᫊ ՚ᕲ཮ᶾ ⁞�ᨆέἲታ᫊ⵆல။ⵆ቞ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳંேᒃ᫊⵷ဧ<ᒲⱊ>ᅪ ␦ӎⵆᷚ‫؞‬ᾚⵆல။ⵊ૒▂Ϯ`ὦ ᓢંᘲӎ཮ᶾ὿᤟ⵊ૒ TG \XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⹃ὦఊẗல ⹃ὦఊ ẗலં ᢞᶳ ẗலḮ ᥺ᘲ὾ ẗல၊ ՚ᕲⵆᷚ ὿᤟ⵆ቞ ጪ↶ ‫צ‬ ὾⒢෾ં⸪ⵗጪࢢᢚẗ೟ἲ⯚ⵖⵊኖ೎⹃ὦఊẗலḮ‫צ‬ᤒታᶾ૮ⵢᤊ ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒՚ᕲᶾં ⁞Ḯᢚẗ⃿ᶢ੾૖Ҳᶾⵢ૧ⵆં↮ᅪ‫؞‬έⵆ቞ẗல ᕲᅆં ⹂⮷ᒃ ᫊⵷ဧ ⁞ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᅪ ␦ӎⵆᷚ ‫؞‬ᾚⵆல။ ⵊ૒ ‫ צ‬Ṧ ᓢ཮ᶾં ӣ ᒂ⃪ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ ᒂ⃪ Ḳ ⱶ ᒂ⃪ᶾ ૮ⵢᤊ ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ӣ ᒂ⃪཮὿ᶳᾓ὆ӣ ӪӮဖఊӣ Ἆ⸃ἲᆾⵆ቞ᓦ↮♖ᤊ὆ <ᒲⱊ>ᅪ␦ӎⵆᷚ὿᤟ⵊ૒⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪཮⹆ҫᶾᤊ὆ӿᒂỲⵊᢚẗ᢯⣊ᅪ ‫؞‬ᨎⵆં ѱἲ ᆾⵆ቞ ᓦ ↮♖ᤊ὆ <ᒲⱊ >ἲ ␦ӎⵆᷚ ὿᤟ⵊ૒ Ḳ ⱶ ᒂ⃪཮ ᘲ὆ல` ෾ં ὆ல`Ἢ၊ ᐞ▊ఆં Ḳ ⱶ὆ ⪧⇃ἲ ‫؞‬ᨎⵆં ѱἲ ᆾⵆ቞ᓦ↮♖ᤊ<ᒲⱊ>ᅪ␦ӎⵆᷚ὿᤟ⵊ૒ ᢚẗⵆ↮ᆾᴲᵪⵎẗல ᓦⵛኗᶾંⵢ૧ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵢᢚẗⵆ↮ᆾᴲᵪⵆંẗலᶾ૮ⵢ‫؞‬ᾚⵆ቞ ὢં ⹃ὦఊ ҫẞᶾᆺ ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ ᷶ᅪ ೒ᶢ ᒃᶾᤊ ‫ⵆ ׊‬ӎ ὶં ࢢẗὢࢆ ⵊᏽ‫⁞↮׶‬Ѣᶾ૮ⵢ὿᤟ⵊ૒ TG \YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ ӎ᫊ ⸦ ㅯ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᕲᅆ ᏽ ⱊ᫊ ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬ㅰᶾ ഞཪ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᕲᅆ ᏽ ⱊ᫊ᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵊ૒ ᕲᅆ ᏽ ⱊ᫊ ҞӪં ⹂⮷ᒃ ⁞⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ೟။ᫎ⒛ ᫊ ▊ ὾Ⴚ ⵛ ⸦ᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆં 〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊぀ḮὪ♆ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ೟။૮᢯ጪ↶ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ ᕲᅆ ᏽ ⱊ᫊ ҞӪં ጪᆚ` Ỳⷆ᤟ ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ὦ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ᶾ૮ⵢϯⵛኗ὆ᕲᅆҞӪḮᕲᅆ‫ת‬ўᅪ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ ⵛኗἮ()4ᕲᅆ‫⃮؞‬὆ѢЃἎⵢ᤟ⵛኗӪேὪⵆѺ`ẗⵊ૒ᕲᅆⵎᨆᶴં ҫẞᶾં‫צ‬ᢚἎᶾ૮ⵢ὿᤟ⵆல။ⵊ૒ ጪ↶ὢ ேᒃ ⁞ᶾ ὆ⵢ ӎ᫊ఊ Ἆⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆં ҫẞᶾં Ἆⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ ҞӪ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ὆ Ἆⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ ↮Ế᫊᪒⥊ IUUQODJTOJFSHPLSHIT ᅪ ഞᅢல။ ⵊ૒ Ἆⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ᴲ઺ Ὢᐆ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ҫẞ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ᶾ ᫊ఊ‫⃮؞‬ᶾഞཪᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵊ૒ ὢḮЇὢጪ↶὆ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊ᅪᨆ⵷ⵎഺᶾં▂Ϯ`Ἢ၊૒ἺӪЇἮ ᢚⵛἲӎဒⵢᵪⵊ૒ G ⵖἎఊᕶᨊጪὢᕲᅆᶾᷯⶓἲ⃲ᨆὶં↮ᶾӮⵊᢚⵛ G ՚⁞ϮἎᢚⵊ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ӫ὆ᕲᅆ෾ં՚ᕲ὆Ὢ♆᤟ G ՛ࢢṦᶾӣЊఊἎⵢ᤟ᕲᅆḮ὆Ὢ♆᤟૒ᆺ␖ὢϮࢆંҫẞὢ ᅪέ↋ⵆં὾Ⴚ὆`ῶ ᨆ ᕲᅆ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵢ ▂Ϯ ᣋ᤟ఊ ὾Ⴚᅪ `ẗⵆᷚ ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵊ ҞӪϮ ᕮᶾᤊ ӣⵆӎὶંἎⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ҞӪḮ૒ᅪҫẞ ᒮҫఊ ⵛኗᶾ ૮ⵢᤊᆺ ᾚᕲᅆఊ ҞӪᅪ ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ ϯ ⵛኗ὆ ⷲ⵷ ᕲᅆḮ ᨆ ᴶ ἲ‫؞‬ᾚⵆல။ⵆ቞ᒮҫఊᢚἎᶾ૮ⵢ὿᤟ⵊ૒ TG \ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯῶ␖ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᶾᤊጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯં⯛ᐊ᤟ὦ⹂᤟ ᢞ⹂᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯᅪኗ`Ἢ၊ⵆ቞ᒲல὆᫊ⷆᨆ⵷ἲ⦣ⵊ⹃ὦὢᶢဒẢ ҫẞ〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆೟။ᫎ⒛᫊ ▊὾Ⴚ぀ᶾ⯚ⵖఊ()4ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ҞӪᶾ ഞཪ ⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵆல။ ⵊ૒ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` Ỳⷆ᤟ ⮷Ϯ὆ ⮷Ϯ ῶ␖ં <‫צ‬ᆪ>ӪЇ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯῶ␖ 1૖Ҳ: 2ᾓ2ῶ὆ࢢẗἲ␦ӎⵆᷚጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ ὾Ⴚᅪ ⹃ᓢⵊ૒. “⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ೟။ᫎ⒛ ᫊ ▊ ὾Ⴚ”ᶾᤊ ⹊ẗ ⵎᨆὶં὾Ⴚᅪ Ṧⵊⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗ὆ҫẞᶾં▂Ϯ὾Ⴚᅪ ⹃ᓢⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵊ૒. 2૖Ҳ: ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⪧᤟ᶾഞཪᒲல὆᫊ⷆᨆ⵷ἲ⦣ⵊ⹃ὦὢᶢဒẢ ҫẞᶾંGHS ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ҞӪᶾഞཪ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶἪᎮ ၊ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ҞӪᅪ⹃ὦⵊ૒ 3૖Ҳ: 1૖Ҳᶾᤊ⹃ᓢⵊ὾Ⴚ෾ં2૖Ҳᶾᤊ⹃ὦఊᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ҞӪᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ⯛ᐊ᤟ὦ⹂᤟ᢞ⹂᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆல။ⵆ቞ ‫צ‬ҞӪᶾ૮ⵢᤊ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ TG \[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯ Ϯ૖ҲⵛኗᒲἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚ὆⹃ᓢ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ ▊᫊ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊᾎᾚ`ᷯⶓἮ⯛ᐊ᤟ ὦ⹂᤟ᢞ⹂᤟ᶾⵢ૧ⵆંᤦϮ↮ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ᶾ὆ⵢ⮷Ϯఆᶢᵪⵆ቞ ᷚ‫؞‬ᶾં ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` ⪧᤟Ἢ၊ ὦⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ΅ᾓ⾞Ảᐆ⾞ ᢚẗ὆ ỲⵢẂὦ ೟὆ ࢢẗὢ ⯚ⵖఊ૒ ⦒ᨆᒲ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` Ỳⷆ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ⵛኗἮ<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ <ⱊ>⦒ᨆᒲጪᆚ`⾞Ỳⷆ᤟᫊ⷆⵛኗ ᫊ⷆⵛኗ _⦒ _⦒ _⦒ _⦒ ⦒ὢ᢯ ㅧ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ὦ⹂᤟ ⯛ᐊ᤟ ᢞ⹂᤟ ㅧ ࢆ૖Ҳጪ↶὆ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊⹃ὦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⪧᤟ᶾഞཪᒲல὆᫊ⷆᨆ⵷ἲ⦣ⵊ⹃ὦὢᶢဒẢҫẞᶾં ()4ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ҞӪᶾഞཪ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶ૒ ⹂⮷ᒃ ⁞⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ೟။ᫎ⒛ ᫊ ▊ ὾Ⴚ ⵛ ⸦ᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆં 〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲᅆᏽⱊ᫊぀ᅪ⹃ὦⵊ૒ᕲᅆ�ⱊ᫊ᅪ⹃ὦⵆંᐗᒃἮᓦ↮ ♖ᤊ὆ᾓῶἲ␦ӎⵆல။ⵊ૒ ૒૖Ҳ⯛ᐊ᤟ὦ⹂᤟ᢞ⹂᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯ ⯛ᐊ᤟ὦ⹂᤟ᢞ⹂᤟ጪ↶὆ⵢ૧ᷚᕮં()4ᕲᅆҞӪᶾഞཪ⫾૖ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ϯ ⵛኗᒲ ()4 ᕲᅆ‫⃮؞‬὆ ҫẞ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ ӎ᫊ ⸦ ㅯ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲᅆ ᏽⱊ᫊೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ‫ ׊‬ㅰᶾ ᫊ఆᶢὶ૒ᒲல὆᫊ⷆ ᨆ⵷ἲ⦣ⵊ⹃ὦὢᶢဒẢҫẞᶾં〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆೟။ᫎ⒛᫊ ▊὾Ⴚ぀ᶾ 5) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-46⸦ 「⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫊ⷆᐗᒃᶾӮⵊ‫」 ׊‬. 6) ECHA(2011), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Part B: Hazard assessment. TG \\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⯚ⵖఊ()4ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ҞӪᶾഞཪ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶἪ቞ϯጪᆚ`⾞ ⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯⵛኗᶾഞᅦ()4ᕲᅆ⾞ⱊ᫊ⵛኗἮ<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ <ⱊ>()4ᕲᅆᶾഞᅦጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯᤦᕮⵛኗ ጪᆚ` · ⹂ⵇ` Ỳⷆ᤟⮷Ϯⵛኗ GHS ᕲᅆⵛኗ ⯛ᐊ᤟ 2.1 ⯛ᐊ᤟ጪ↶෾ં⹂ᵫᅆ , 2.8 ὾‫؞‬ᐆἿ᤟ጪ↶Ӫ⸪ⵗጪ (⸃᫋A, B, C), 2.14 ᢞ⹂᤟ӎ⒢ (՚ᕲ1), 2.15 Ἆ‫؞‬Ӫᢞ⹂ጪ (⸃᫋A, B, C) ὦ⹂᤟ 2.2 ὦ⹂᤟Ϯ᪒ , 2.3 ὦ⹂᤟ᶾᶢ၊⁦ , 2.6 ὦ⹂᤟ᵏ⒢ , 2.7 ὦ⹂᤟ӎ⒢ , 2.8 ὾‫؞‬ᐆἿ᤟ጪ↶Ӫ⸪ⵗጪ (⸃᫋D, E, F, G), 2.9 ὾ᷞᐊ⹂᤟ᵏ⒢ , 2.10 ὾ᷞᐊ⹂᤟ӎ⒢ , 2.11 ὾‫؞‬ᐊᷢ᤟ጪ↶Ӫ⸪ⵗጪ , 2.12 ጪᐆἿ᤟ጪ↶Ӫ⸪ⵗጪ , 2.15 Ἆ‫؞‬Ӫᢞ⹂ጪ (⸃᫋D, E, F, G) ᢞ⹂᤟ 2.4 ᢞ⹂᤟Ϯ᪒ , 2.13 ᢞ⹂᤟ᵏ⒢ , 2.14 ᢞ⹂᤟ӎ⒢ (՚ᕲ2, ՚ᕲ3) ⯛ᐊ᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ⯛ᐊ᤟ὢ཮ `ῶⵊ ⁞Ѣⵆᶾᤊ ᷢὢࢆ Ϯ᪒ᅪ ᣋ᤟ⵆቢᤊ ᶢඒ ጪ↶ὢ ‫׷‬җⵆѺᙎᅦ᥻ல၊ᕲⵢఆંҫⶓἪ၊ ὆ⵊ૒⯛ᐊ᤟ጪ↶ὦ↮ᴲ઺↮ં ᷚ࿚Ẃὦᶾ὆ⵢ⁺ẞఊ૒૮ᕮᕲ὆ጪ↶὆ҫẞ՚⁞ᅪӎဒⵆᷚ⯛ᐊ᤟ὢ ẞဒఆ↮ᴸᴲ᫊ⷆἲⵆ↮ᴸᴲலఊ૒Ϯ᪒὆ҫẞ᫊ⷆὢⴲẂⵆ↮ᴸἪ቞ ᵏ⒢὆ҫẞ ᆶ␞ᶾ૮ⵊᏪϾ᤟ἲ ᫊ⷆⵎⴲẂϮᶴ૒⯛ᐊ᤟᫊ⷆ὆ቢ ⁞Ѣᶾ ૮ⵊ ὾ᤦⵊ ࢢẗἮ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ ӎ᫊ ⸦ ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛ ὾Ⴚ὆὿᤟ᐗᒃᏽἎⵢ᤟᫚ᢚᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ㅰ὆<ᒲⱊ>ᶾ ᫊ఆᶢ ὶἪᎮ၊⹃ὦὢⴲẂⵆ૒⯛ᐊ᤟ጪ↶၊὆᫚ఆંጪ↶὆ҫẞ᫊ⷆᶾᵌᤊ ᪒⡚ᆚો ᐗᒃἲ ⦣ⵢ ⹃ὦⵢ ᓪ ᨆ ὶἪ቞ Ḗல ᏽ ᵃဓἲ ᙎᅦ ᥻ல၊ ↋Ϯ᫊⢒ં ᕲ὾ᅪ ⯚ⵖⵆӎ ὶં ὿ẗ‫⹃ ؞‬ὦἲ ⦣ⵢ ⯛ᐊ᤟ ጪ↶ ᷚᕮᅪ ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒⯛ᐊ᤟ጪ↶὆὿ẗ‫צ؞‬ყἮ૒ἺӪЇ૒ TG \]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  TG jTjG G OUUG SG SG XSG YTP TG jTtSG uTtG OUUG nG SG TG P TG jG G G OUUG ¡SG G ¡G SG ¡G SG ¡SG ¡P TG jG G G OUUG SG ¡P TG uTvG OUUG G SG SG G SG G SG uTSG XSG YT¡P TG uTG OUUG SG P TG vTG OUUG SG SG G P ὦ⹂᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ጪ↶὆ὦ⹂᤟Ἦᴶῲ᤟ᶾ⃿ẂⵊӎဒẂὦὢ૒⹂ᾚ෾ં⯛ᐊἲ⴪ⵆ‫؞‬ Ỳⵆᷚὦ⹂᤟ጪ↶὆◖‫׷‬ᢚẗᏽ΅ᾓ᫊⪧ᒲⵊ⃪὆ϮⴲẂⵆ૒ὦ⹂᤟Ἦ ᓢ⦣ ጪ↶ὢ ᷞ᥺ⵆўࢆ ὦ⹂ⵆ‫ ؞‬ᩚẢ ⪧᤟Ἢ၊ ᓪ ᨆ ὶ૒ ೊጪѺ ጪӪ ᐆἿⵆᷚ ὦ⹂ⵆўࢆ ὾ᷞ`Ἢ၊ ᐊ⹂ⵆં ጪ↶၊ ᕲᅆఆં ҫẞல ὶં୞ ὢ࿚ⵊጪ↶ἲጪᐆἿ᤟ጪ↶ὢཪⵊ૒ጪᐆἿ᤟ጪ↶Ṧᶾᷢ`Ἢ၊ᕶᴶ ⵆᷚ ᢞ᥺὆ ӣ‫׷‬ὢ ᶴὢ ЃယⵆѺ ᐊᷢ⾞ᕲⵢⵆ‫ ؞‬ᩚẢ ὾‫؞‬ᐆἿ᤟ ጪ↶ல ὦ⹂᤟ᶾ⯚ⵖఊ૒ᨆ↿ఊ ᓢᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ᫚ϯⵊᷯⶓἲἎᐊ ⵎᨆὶંὦ⹂὆ᾎᾚ`Ếὦᶾ૮ⵊᕲᅆⱊ᫊ᅪⵎᨆὶ૒ὦ⹂᤟⮷Ϯᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫊ⷆ ቢ ⁞ѢἮ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛὾Ⴚ὆ ὿᤟ᐗᒃᏽἎⵢ᤟᫚ᢚᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ㅰ὆<ᒲⱊ>ᶾ ᫊ఆᶢὶ૒ ᢞ⹂᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᢞ⹂᤟ἲϮ↲ጪ↶Ἦ૒ᅦጪ↶⪧⽶ὦ⹂᤟ጪ↶Ӫ῿⓷ⵆᷚӎல὆ᐊᷢ ᐆἿἲἎᐊⵎᨆὶ૒ὢ೒ἮӎḖ὆⁞Ѣἲ⸃᤟ⵆᷚὦ⒢⁞↯ӪᐆἿⵆᷚ ᣋጪⵇ` ⁞↯ἲ ᖃԢ᫊⢚ ᨆ ὶ‫ ؞‬ഺጦᶾ ⴪ᕮ ৶ ᏽ ⸦⽏‫؞‬ᶾ ὾‫᤟ק‬ἲ Ἆᐊⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ૮ᕮᕲ὆ ጪ↶὆ ҫẞ ՚⁞ᅪ ӎဒⵆᷚ ᢞ⹂᤟ὢ ẞဒఆ↮ ᴸӎ ᫊ⷆἲ ⵆ↮ ᴸᴲல ఆં ѱἪ၊ Ҟ ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ӎ⒢὆ ҫẞ ⯛ᐊ᤟ TG \^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ෾ં ӎὦ⹂᤟ ጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵢᤊં ᫊ⷆἲ ᨆ⵷ⵎ ⴲẂϮ ᶴ૒ Ἆ‫؞‬Ӫᢞ⹂ጪἮ ⵛ᢯ᢞ⹂᤟὆᢯⣊ὢᎮ၊ᒲல὆↿૖Ἢ၊Ӯᆚⵊ૒ᢞ⹂᤟⮷Ϯᶾ૮ⵊ᫊ⷆ ቢ ⁞ѢἮ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛὾Ⴚ὆ ὿᤟ᐗᒃ ᏽ Ἆⵢ᤟᫚ᢚᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ㅰ὆<ᒲⱊ>ᶾ ᫊ఆᶢὶ૒ TG \_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟⾞ॻ▃᤟೟ўே ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟⾞ॻ▃᤟೟ўே ⮷Ϯῶ␖ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯં⡚Ѻᕲⵢ᤟⾞ॻ▃᤟೟ўே⮷ϮḮᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⃿ᕲⵢ᤟ᏽॻ▃᤟೟ἲ⯚ⵖⵊўேᷯⶓᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯ ҞӪંῶ὆⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷ϮḮῶ὆ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟⮷Ϯᶾ ὢẗఎᨆὶ૒⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⃿ᕲⵢ᤟ᏽॻ▃᤟೟ўே⮷Ϯῶ␖ં <‫צ‬ᆪ>ḮЇὢ૖Ҳ၊ࢆ੊૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟⾞ॻ▃᤟೟ўே ⮷Ϯῶ␖ ૖Ҳᾓῶ὆ࢢẗἲ␦ӎⵆᷚἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚᅪ⹃ᓢⵊ૒ 〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆೟။ᫎ⒛᫊ ▊὾Ⴚ぀ᶾᤊ⹊ẗⵎᨆὶં὾Ⴚᅪ Ṧⵊ ⴲᨆ ᫊ⷆⵛኗ὆ ҫẞᶾં ▂Ϯ ὾Ⴚᅪ ⹃ᓢⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ᫊ⷆἲ ᨆ⵷ⵆӎ ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ ▊ⵛኗ὆ ҫẞᶾં ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊᅪ ὿᤟ⵊ૒ ૖Ҳ૖Ҳᶾᤊ⹃ᓢⵊ὾Ⴚᅪὢẗⵆᷚᕲⵢ᤟ᏽ⹆ҫᕲ⯚ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ᶾ ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆல။ⵆ቞‫צ‬ҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ TG \`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟⾞ॻ▃᤟೟ўே ⮷Ϯ Ϯ૖ҲⵛኗᒲἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚ὆⹃ᓢ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ἲ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵆᷚⵛኗᒲἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚᅪ ⹃ᓢⵢᵪⵊ૒⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⃿ᕲⵢ᤟ᏽॻ▃᤟೟ўே⮷Ϯⵛኗ὆ ҫẞᕲⵢ᤟ᣋጪॻ▃᤟⽏␗ᏽ⢶␗ἲ⯚ⵖⵆᷚ┋Њ᫊ⷆⵛኗἪ၊՚᤟ ఆᶢὶἪ቞ϯ⦒ᨆᒲⵢ૧᫊ⷆⵛኗἮ<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟⾞ॻ▃᤟ ೟ ўே ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ὆ ᒂỲં ⹂⮷ᒃ ᫊⵷‫♇׊‬ <ᒲⱊ>ᶾᤊ⹃ὦὢϮઓⵆ቞ ⁞ ⵛ ⸦ᶾഞཪ ▊ἲᣋྣⵎᨆὶં ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚંேᒃ᫊⵷‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ>ᶾᤊ⹃ὦὢϮઓⵆ૒<ⱊ>Ἦ‫ࢢצ‬ẗἲ Ẃᵫⵊ ѱὢ૒ ෾ⵊ ϯ ⵛኗᒲ၊ ᫊ⷆἲ ᨆ⵷ⵆ↮ ᴸᴲல ఆં ᫊ⷆ ቢ ⁞Ѣ೒ὢ ⁢ᾚⵆᎮ၊ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛὾Ⴚ὆ ὿᤟ᐗᒃ ᏽ Ἆⵢ᤟ ᫚ᢚᐗᒃ ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬ㅰ὆ <ᒲⱊ >ᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆં ᫊ⷆ ቢ ⁞Ѣἲ⹃ὦⵆல။ⵊ૒ <ⱊ>⦒ᨆᒲ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᕲⵢ᤟⾞ॻ▃᤟೟ўே ᫊ⷆⵛኗ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ᕲⵢ᤟ ⽏␗ / ⢶␗ ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ ᫊ⷆⵛኗ _⦒ _⦒ _⦒ _⦒ ⦒ὢ᢯ ὢᕲⵢ᤟(OECD TG 301/310) ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ᓦ↶`ᕲⵢ᤟(OECD TG 302) ● ● pHᶾഞᅦϮᨆᕲⵢ (OECD TG 111) ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ᕲⵢᢞጪ὆⹃ὦ ● ● ⹆ҫўே /ே⣊▂Ϯ ᓢ (OECD 303A/303B/307/308/309) ● ⽏␗ /⢶␗(TG 106) ● ● ⽏␗ /⢶␗▂Ϯ ᓢ (TG 121) ● ᣋጪॻ▃᤟(OECD TG 305) ● ㅏ: ⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗ, ●: ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ ▊ⵛኗ(ⶓ⺲᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ ▊ⴲẂ) TG ]WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆ૖Ҳᕲⵢ᤟ᏽ⹆ҫᕲ⯚ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯᨆ⵷ ᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ␦ӎ ᕲⵢ᤟Ἦ ᣋጪ` ෾ં ᘲᣋጪ` ᐗᒃἪ၊ ὦⵆᷚ ⹆ҫ ⃿὆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ᥾᫒ఆўࢆᒮ⸃ఆંѱἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲⵢ᤟ ᓢંἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲ᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵊ Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᏽᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟�ӎ▃`᤟ ⮷ϮᅪỲⵊ ᾂᅆ᤟⮷Ϯ೟ᶾᢚẗఎᨆὶ૒ Ϯ ὢᕲⵢ᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ _ⵛ␦ӎ ὢᕲⵢ᤟ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ጪ᥻ᶾᤊ Ꮶᣋጪᶾ ὆ⵆᷚ ᕲⵢఆં லᅪ☏ ⵆંᐗᒃἪ၊ᘲ⼆ᐊ᤟ὢўࢆ$8BUFS$BJS゚ὦጪ↶Ꮶᣋጪᶾ ૮ⵊ ΅ⵢ ὿ẗὢ ᶴં ጪ↶ $0 ⽏ᨆ Ḯ ᐆἿⵆ↮ ᴸં ጪ↶ἲ ૮᢯Ἢ၊ ⵊ૒ጢ‫؞‬ᷯᵿᐞ↮ᴶᶾ᫊ⷆ૮᢯ጪ↶ἲऑӎ᫊ⷆ૮᢯ጪ↶ᶾῲⷮᨊἿఆ↮ ᴸἮᏦᣋጪἲ῿⁳ⵊ⺲⾙ぐὦᵂ᥺㧞㢬 ᶾᤊSFTQJSPNFUSZᅪὢẗⵆᷚ Ꮶᣋጪᶾ὆ⵊᢞ᥺ᤛ◖ྷἲ☏ ⵊ૒ᣋᕲⵢலંὢ၎`ᢞ᥺Ẃ՚ྷ50% ᶾ ૮ⵊ᫒ ᢞ᥺Ẃ՚ྷ#0% ὆၊ࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ ὢᕲⵢ᤟ ᫊ⷆ $0 Ꮾ⮾ẗ‫ ࢢ ؞‬ӣϲᕮᕲ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᣋ ᕲⵢ᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵊ᪒⡚ᆚો᫊ⷆᶾⵢ૧ⵊ૒ ࢆ ᓦ↶`ᣋᕲⵢ᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᓦ↶`ᣋᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ᪒⡚ᆚોᨆ⃮ᶾᤊ὆ᣋጪⵇ`ᕲⵢ᤟↮ⱊ၊ᤊ ὢẗఎᨆὶ૒ᓦ↶`ᣋᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆἮὢᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆᓢ૒Ἆᆚⵊ⁞Ѣᶾᤊ ᨆ⵷ఆᎮ၊ᾎᾚ`ὦᕲⵢ᤟ὢὶં↮ᅪ╊`὆᢯⣊ᶾᤊ⮷Ϯⵎᨆὶ૒ ᓦ↶`ᣋᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆἮᨆ ఊ4$"4᫊ⷆ5(" ;BIO8FMMFOT&71" ᫊ⷆ5(# ᨆ ఊ.*5*᫊ⷆ** 5($ Ἢ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ 7) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-46⸦ 「⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫊ⷆᐗᒃᶾӮⵊ ‫」 ׊‬. 8) ECHA(2011), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Part B: Hazard assessment. 9) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 301: Ready Biodegradability. 10) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 310: Ready Biodegradability - CO2 in sealed vessels (Headspace Test). 11) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 302A: Inherent Biodegradability: Modified SCAS Test. 12) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 302B: Inherent Biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/ EVPA Test. 13) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 302C: Inherent Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (II). TG ]XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒ Q)ᶾഞᅦϮᨆᕲⵢ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ Q)ᶾ ഞᅦ Ϯᨆᕲⵢ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ Ὢᐆ` ⹆ҫ὆ Q) ᒂỲQ) _ ᶾᤊ ᨆ⃿ᶾ⁢ᾚⵆં⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᘲᣋጪ`Ϯᨆᕲⵢ᥻லᏽϮᨆᕲⵢᢞጪ὆⁳ᅆ ⪧᤟ᣋ᤟᥻லᏽϾ᥺᥻லᅪ☏ ⵆં୞ኗ`ὢὶ૒ϯ‫؞‬૒ᅦ⁳ᅆ὆ Q) Ѐἲ Єં ቦ‫ ׎‬Ḳ▗ẗᵏQ) ᶾ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ Ϯⵆӎ ᵂ⁞Ѣᶾᤊ `૧ⵊ᫊ϲϲҗἲాӎḲ▗ẗᵏ⃿᫊ⷆጪ↶ᏽ‫צ‬Ϯᨆᕲⵢᢞጪἲᕲᤋ ⵊ૒᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ$ḮЇἮேỲẾ᥺၊ⱊ↮ⵊҫẞ↶ྷᕲᤋᒃἪ၊ᕲᤋⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ Ϯᨆᕲⵢ ⵛኗἮ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ ᏽ Ϯᨆᕲⵢ ᢞጪ὆ ᵿἲ ⓶‫ ؞‬ẗྷᶾ ૮ⵊЀἪ၊ⱊ‫ⵆ؞‬቞Ϯઓⵆቢϯϯ὆᫊Ⴚ␲◖᫊ϲQ)᫊ⷆḖலᶾᤊ NH-၊‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ⱊ↮ጪ↶ἲᢚẗⵎҫẞ↶ྷ‫⸃׎‬Ѐἲ⓶‫؞‬ẗྷᶾ૮ⵊ ЀἪ၊ⱊ‫ⵊ؞‬૒ ཪ ᕲⵢᢞጪ὆⹃ὦ ᕲⵢᢞጪ὆ ⹃ὦ ⵛኗἮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ ⒆ᆚ ᷚᕮᅪ ⹃ὦⵆ‫؞‬ Ỳⵆᷚ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒӪ Ἆᢚⵊ ᫊᎚࿶ὢ᥆ ⹆ҫἲ ᆺ೒ᶢ ⹆ҫᶾᤊ ᘲᣋጪ` Ἢ၊ᕲⵢఆં᥻லᅪ☏ ⵆ᫊ᷚⷆጪ↶὆ᣋᕲⵢ லḮ᥻லᅪ⮷Ϯⵆં୞ ኗ`ὢ ὶ૒ ᕲⵢᢞጪ὆ ⹃ὦ ⵛኗᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫊ⷆᒃἮ ⪧ᒲ⽶ ՛ⵊⵆӎ ὶ↮ ᴸἪ቞☏ ఊᕲⵢᢞጪ὆ᵿἮ⓶‫؞‬ẗྷᶾ૮ⵊЀἪ၊ⱊ‫ⵊ؞‬૒Ϯઓ ⵆቢϯϯ὆᫊Ⴚ␲◖᫊ϲQ)᫊ⷆḖலᶾᤊNH-၊‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ ᆶ ⹆ҫўேᏽே⣊ᶾ૮ⵊ▂Ϯ ᓢ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ _ⵛ␦ӎ ⹆ҫ ўே ᏽ ே⣊ᶾ ૮ⵊ ▂Ϯ ᓢ ᫊ⷆᶾં ⸦‫ⵆ ᤟؞‬ᨆ⒆ᆚ ኖ὆᫊ⷆ 5( ᏽ⦎ᵿࢢ⸦‫᤟؞‬ᏽⷾ‫᤟؞‬ῲ⹆᫊ⷆ5( ᨆ⃿⧢`ጪᶾᤊ὆ ⸦‫᤟؞‬ᏽⷾ‫᤟؞‬ῲ⹆᫊ⷆ5( ↮ⱊᨆ὆⸦‫᤟؞‬ᕲⵢኖ὆ᣋᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆ 5( ὢ⯚ⵖఊ૒ 14) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 111: Hydrolysis as a Function of pH. 15) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ(2011), ⵊ՛⸃REACHᶾ὆ⵊ೟။ᤊᅆЊᐊᏽ⮷Ϯ‫؞‬ᨎЊᐊῲྣᨆᆫ. 16) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 303: Simulation Test - Aerobic Sewage Treatment -- A: Activated Sludge Units; B: Biofilms. 17) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 307: Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil. 18) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 308: Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Aquatic Sediment Systems. 19) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 309: Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water – Simulation Biodegradation Test. TG ]YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⸦‫ⵆ ᤟؞‬ᨆ⒆ᆚ ኖ὆᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⹊᤟ ᪚࿚↮ Ἆૉ5( " Ӫ ᣋጪ ᆷ5(# Ἢ၊՚ᕲఆᶢ`ẗఊ૒ ⦎ᵿ ࢢ ⸦‫ ᤟؞‬ᏽ ⷾ‫ ᤟؞‬ῲ⹆᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ⦎ᵿ ⃿ᶾᤊ ⸦‫⁞᤟؞‬Ѣὢࢆⷾ‫⁞᤟؞‬Ѣⵆᶾᤊ૒ᅦ⸃⣊὆ጪ↶၊ῲ⹆ఆંӪ ἲ⮷Ϯ ⵆંѱἲᆾⵆ቞૮᢯᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ῲ⹆἖Ӫ᫋ጪὢࢆ⦎ᵿἎ‫؞‬⒢೟ᶾ०▊ ఎᨆலὶંῲ⹆ጪ↶὆᥻᤟ὢࢆ⸃᤟ఆં᥻லϾ᥺ᘲ἖೟ἲ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ᨆ⃿⧢`ጪᶾᤊ὆⸦‫᤟؞‬ᏽⷾ‫᤟؞‬ῲ⹆᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ⧢`ጪ ࢢ὆ ⸦‫ ᤟؞‬෾ં ⷾ‫⁞ ᤟؞‬Ѣⵆᶾᤊ ૒ᅦ ⸃⣊὆ ጪ↶၊ ῲ⹆ఆં Ӫ ἲ ⮷Ϯⵆં ୞ ኗ`ὢ ὶἪ቞ ૮᢯ ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ ῲ⹆἖Ӫ ᨆҲ⹆ҫᶾ ०▊ఎ Ϯઓ᤟ὢὶંῲ⹆ጪ↶὆᥻᤟ὢࢆ⸃᤟ఆં᥻லϾ᥺ᘲ἖೟ἲ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ↮ⱊᨆ὆ ⸦‫ ᤟؞‬ᕲⵢኖ὆ ᣋᕲⵢ᤟ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⸦‫ ᤟؞‬὾ᷞᨆᶾᤊ ࢜Ἦॻல὆᫊ⷆጪ↶ὢᣋᕲⵢఆં୞᥺Ẃఆં᫊ϲἲ☏ ⵆӎӮ␞ҞӪᅪ ᐆἿ᥻ல⸃⣊၊ ྷ⹂ⵆંѱὢኗ`ὢ૒ᓦኖ὆᫊ⷆἮ὾ᷞ↮ⱊᨆᏪጪ ᐆᷪᨆ ෾ં ⵢᨆ ᫊Ⴚᶾᤊ Ἆ‫؞‬ጪ↶὆ ⸦‫ ᤟؞‬ᣋᕲⵢ἖ἲ Ҟ ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ ᫒ⷆ᫒ᶾᤊԾᐆ⳺ཪ᪒⡚ᅪὢẗⵆᷚ᫒᫊ⵆ቞‫צ‬ҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ ⽏␗ᏽ⢶␗ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ _ⵛ␦ӎ ⽏␗ᏽ⢶␗᫊ⷆἮ⽏␗ᏽ⢶␗᪒⡚ᆚો᫊ⷆ5( Ӫ⽏␗ᏽ⢶␗ᶾ ૮ⵊ▂Ϯ ᓢ᫊ⷆ5( Ἢ၊ᕲᅆఊ૒ ⽏␗ᏽ⢶␗᪒⡚ᆚો᫊ⷆ5( Ἦϯ‫؞‬૒ᅦ⁳ᅆ὆⦎ᵿᶾᤊ⹂ⵇ ጪ↶὆⽏␗ᏽ⢶␗ўேἲ▂ ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆἪ၊૒ᵿⵊ⹆ҫ⁞Ѣⵆᶾᤊ ᕲᐞᅪ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶં〽TPSQUJPOWBMVF〾ᅪᢞ▊ⵆંѱἲኗ`Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ૒ ╊⁳`Ἢ၊ ૒ᵿⵊ ⦎ᵿ὆ ⪧᤟Ἆ‫ ؞‬⢲᥺ ῾⦎ ⵖἎྷ ⦎᤟ Q) ᶾ ഞཪ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⽏␗⮷⸃ҲᨆᅪҞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ⽏␗ ᏽ ⢶␗ᶾ ૮ⵊ ▂Ϯ ᓢ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ )1-$ᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ⦎ᵿӪ ⵆᨆ᪚࿚↮ᶾᤊ὆⽏␗Ҳᨆ,PD ᅪ▂ ⵆં᫊ⷆὢ૒⽏␗Ҳᨆં⦎ᵿ᪚࿚↮ ࢢ὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻலḮ⽏␗⮷⸃᢯⣊὆ᨆ᢯BRVFPVTQIBTF ᶾᤊ὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ ॻல὆ᘲ၊Ҟ ఊ૒ 20) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 106: Adsorption -- Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method. 21) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 121: Estimation of the Adsorption Coefficient (Koc ) on Soil and on Sewage Sludge using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). TG ]ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᣋጪॻ▃᤟#JPDPODFOUSBUJPO ὢ཮ ጪᶾ ẗⵢఊ ጪ↶ὢ ᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ ὆ⵢ ▃`ఆંѱἲᆾⵊ૒ᣋጪॻ▃Ҳᨆ#JPDPODFOUSBUJPO'BDUPS#$' ં ᢯᢯⣊ᶾ ல૚ⵆᷮἲഺ ጪ↶὆ᨆ⃿ॻலᶾ ૮ⵊᣋጪ⒢ࢢॻல὆ᘲὢ૒ᣋጪ▃` ᾎᾚဓἮ ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟�ӎ▃`᤟ ⮷Ϯ὆ ᕮᕲὢ ఊ૒ ᶢᅆ ෾ં ጢ⒇▂ேጪᶾ૮ⵊᫎ႞᤟ὶં#$'☏ ὾Ⴚંᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ ӎ▃`᤟⮷Ϯᶾᤊ▃`᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ╊⁳Ҟ၎ல▊ἲỲⵢⴲẂⵊ ᓢὢ૒ ᪒⡚ᆚો⮷Ϯંᨆேᕲᐞᅪ⦣ⵢ▃`ఎѱἪ၊᷶᢯ఆંἎ‫؞‬ጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊMPH,PXᶾ‫ⵊ⓶؞‬᪒⡚ᆚો‫⃮؞‬ᶾ૮ⵢᨆ⵷ఎᨆὶ૒ ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ᶢᅆ὆ ⒢ࢢᶾ ೒ᶢ Ṃἲ ഺ ⒢ࢢᶾ▃`ఆં லᅪ☏ ⵆᷚ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ἲ⮷Ϯⵆં᫊ⷆὢ૒ ᶢᅆ ⒢ࢢᶾᤊ ⮷⸃ ॻலᶾ ல૚ⵆં ᫊ϲἮ ⵊ Ϯ↮ ॻல὆ ☏ ጪ↶ἲ ⵊ ՞὆ ᫊ⷆ ᶢᅆᶾ ०▊᫊✊ Ҟ ⵆ቞ ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ ॻலᶾ ഞᅦ ᣋጪॻ▃ லᅪҞ ⵆӎᆶ↮ᆷἪ၊⒢ࢢᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊᥻லᅪ☏ ⵊ૒ 22) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 305: Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test. TG ][G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯῶ␖ ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⃿ ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯ ῶ␖ં <‫צ‬ᆪ >Ḯ Їὢ ૖Ҳ၊ ࢆ৺ ᨆ ὶ૒ ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ⃿ ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯᶾᤊં ⵢ૧ ⹆ҫ ᇒ⒢὆૖‫؞‬ᏽᾓ‫؞‬०▊ᶾ૮ⵊ᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻல1/&$ ல▊ἲ╊⁳ኗ`Ἢ၊ ⵊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯῶ␖ ૖Ҳᾓῶ὆ࢢẗἲ␦ӎⵆᷚἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚᅪ⹃ᓢⵊ૒ 〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆೟။ᫎ⒛᫊ ▊὾Ⴚ぀ᶾᤊ⹊ẗⵎᨆὶં὾Ⴚᅪ Ṧⵊⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗ὆ҫẞᶾં▂Ϯ὾Ⴚᅪ⹃ᓢⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆἲ ᨆ⵷ⵆӎ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ ▊ⵛኗ὆ҫẞᶾં᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊᅪ὿᤟ⵊ૒ ૖Ҳ૖Ҳᶾᤊ⹃ᓢఊ὾ႺᅪѮ⦎ⵆᷚ`ẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐᏽ⮷Ϯ Ҳᨆᅪᤎ ⵊ૒ ૖Ҳ╊⁳`Ἢ၊ள᤟ЀӪ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪὢẗⵢ1/&$ᅪல▊ⵊ૒ ᆺᵫ1/&$ᅪல▊ⵆંѱὢᕶϮઓⵊҫẞὢᶾ૮ⵊ ૧᤟ἲ ᫊ⵆ ᷚᵪⵊ૒ TG ]\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯ Ϯ૖ҲⵛኗᒲἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚ὆⹃ᓢ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ἲ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵆᷚⵛኗᒲἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚᅪ ⹃ᓢⵢᵪⵊ૒⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⃿ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ⮷ϮⵛኗἮᨆᣋᣋጪள᤟ ♖ῲጪள᤟Ἇ᢯ᣋጪள᤟ἲ⯚ⵖⵊ┋Њ᫊ⷆⵛኗἪ၊՚᤟ఆᶢὶἪ቞ ϯ⦒ᨆᒲⵢ૧᫊ⷆⵛኗἮ<ⱊ>ḮЇ૒⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ᶾ ૮ⵊ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ὆ᒂỲંேᒃ᫊⵷‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ>ᶾᤊ⹃ὦὢϮઓⵆ቞ ⁞ ⵛ ⸦ᶾഞཪ ▊ἲᣋྣⵎᨆὶં᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚંேᒃ᫊⵷‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ> ᶾᤊ⹃ὦὢ Ϯઓⵆ૒෾ⵊϯ ⵛኗᒲ၊᫊ⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵆ↮ᴸᴲலఆં᫊ⷆ ቢ ⁞Ѣὢ ⁢ᾚⵆᎮ၊ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛὾Ⴚ὆ ὿᤟ᐗᒃ ᏽ Ἆⵢ᤟ ᫚ᢚᐗᒃ ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ‫ ׊‬ㅰ὆ <ᒲⱊ >ᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆં ᫊ⷆ ቢ ⁞Ѣἲ⹃ὦⵆல။ⵊ૒ <ⱊ>⦒ᨆᒲ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᣋ⣊ᷯⶓ ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ૮‫צ‬ყ ⃿‫צ‬ყ 0.1~1⦒ 1~10⦒ 10~100⦒ ᶢᅆ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ (OECD TG 203) ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ጪᒪთ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ㅏ ㅏ (OECD TG 202) ૢᨆ⁞ᅆᣋᾓ΅ⵢ ᨆᣋᣋጪ ㅧ ㅏ (OECD TG 201) ள᤟ ᶢᅆᆺ᤟ள᤟ ㅧ (OECD TG 210/212/215) ጪᒪთᆺ᤟ள᤟ ㅧ (OECD TG 211) ⹊᤟᪚࿚↮⸦⽏΅ⵢ ㅧ ♖ῲጪ (OECD TG 209) ள᤟ ΅ᤊᣋጪᆺ᤟ள᤟ ㅧ (OECD TG 218/219) Ἇᣋ᫋ጪ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ㅧ (OECD TG 208/227) Ἇᣋጢ⒇▂ேጪ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ㅧ Ἇ᢯ᣋጪ (OECD TG 207) ள᤟ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪᆺ᤟ள᤟ (ISO 22030) ㅧ Ἇᣋጢ⒇▂ேጪᆺ᤟ள᤟ ㅧ (OECD TG 222) ㅏ : ⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗ , ●: ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ ▊ⵛኗ (ⶓ⺲᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ ▊ⴲẂ ) 100~1,000⦒ 1,000⦒ὢ᢯ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅧ ㅑ ㅧ ㅑ 23) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-46⸦ 「⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫊ⷆᐗᒃᶾӮⵊ‫」 ׊‬. 24) ECHA(2011), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Part B: Hazard assessment. TG ]]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᨆᣋ⹆ҫᷯᷛ♖ῲጪ⯚ⵖ ᨆᣋள᤟Ἦ ⵢ૧ ጪ↶ᶾ ૖‫ ؞‬ᏽ ᾓ‫ ؞‬०▊ఆᶢ ᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ Ἆⵢ᤟ἲ Ἆᐊⵎᨆὶંጪ↶὆ӎἎ⪧᤟ἲᆾⵊ૒ᓢ⦣ጪ၊ὦⵊ०▊ὢ⃪Ẃ०▊ ҫ၊၊ ӎဒఆ↮ᆺ ሧὢᅪ ⦣ⵢ ०▊ఎ Ϯઓ᤟ல ↮શӎ ὶ૒ ᨆᣋள᤟὆ ҫẞ૖‫ ᤟׷؞‬ᷯⶓᏽᾓ‫؞‬ᆺ᤟ ᷯⶓἪ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ G ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ᣋጪ⒢὆ ῲ ᣋᵎ⃪‫؞‬ᶾ ᘲⵢ ᘲԾ` ⇕Ἦ ‫؞‬ϲ ጪ↶ᶾ ०▊ఊ ᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ ૮ⵊ ள᤟Ἢ၊ ‫ צ‬ᷯⶓἮ ᓢ⦣ ᐆᨆ♆ᢚॻல-$ ෾ં ᐆᨆᷯⶓॻல&$ ၊ ⱊⷲఊ૒ ὢં Ἆⵢ᤟ ᫊ⷆᶾᤊ ᫊ⷆ՞ ࢢᣋጪ⒢὆ᶾᷯⶓἲᏦ♎ѱἪ၊ᢞ ఆંॻலᅪ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ G ᆺ᤟ள᤟ᾓ‫؞‬ϲጪ↶ᶾ०▊ఊᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ૮ⵊள᤟Ἢ၊०▊‫؞‬ϲἮ ᣋጪ⁳ᶾഞཪ૒ᵿⵆ↮ᆺὪᐆ`Ἢ၊ᣋጪ⒢὆ᣋᵎ⃪‫؞‬ᶾᘲⵆᷚᘲԾ` ‫ئ‬૒ᆺ᤟ᷯⶓ὆ҫẞ᤟ᾓᏽᣋ᫋೟὆⮷Ϯᅪⵆ቞ᷯⶓὢӮ␞ఆ↮ ᴸંᴳᷯⶓጢӮ␞ྷ/0"&- ෾ંጢᷯⶓӮ␞ॻல/0&$ ၊ⱊⷲఊ૒ ♖ῲጪἮέ὾᤟ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊḒᷪጪ↶὆⽏ᨆᅪ⦣ⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢኖὢં ᾓ᥺὆ ᷛⵎἲ ⵆ቞ ⢶␗ἲ ⦣ⵢ ጪ၊ έ὾ ጪ↶ἲ ᾚᕮἎ ෾ં ఆ஺ᆚં ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᐊᣋẾᷛⵎἲⵆ‫؞‬லⵊ૒ὢ࿚ⵊӪ Ἢ၊ὦⵢ♖ῲጪἮ↮ⱊᨆ Ḓᷪ὆ᷯⶓἲḲ▗ⵆ↮ᆺᨆ☣ࢢॻல၊ᕮ⤞↯῿`Ἢ၊ᨆᣋ⹆ҫᷯᷛᶾ૮ⵢ Ἆⵢ᤟ἲࢆ⢮ࢢ቞᫊ϲὢ↮࢖ᶾഞཪ↮᥻`Ἢ၊०▊ఊ૒ഞཪᤊ♖ῲጪᶾ ♖`ఆўࢆ⽏ᨆఎᨆὶંጪ↶Ἦ♖ῲጪᶾᤊ᫋ⵆં΅ᤊᣋጪᶾ૮ⵊள᤟ἲ ⮷Ϯⵢᵪⵊ૒΅ᤊᣋጪἮ♖ῲጪᶾҞⵗఊጪ↶ᶾᾓ‫`؞‬Ἢ၊०▊ఆᎮ၊⃪၊ ᣋ᫋᤟ᾓ෾ંᐊᣋӪЇἮ♆ᢚὢṦ὆⮷Ϯⵛኗᶾ૮ⵊᾓ‫؞‬᫊ⷆᶾ`ⵗⵆ ૒ Ϯ ᶢᅆ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᶢᅆ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ᨆᤊᣋጪ ⃿ ᶢᅆᶾ ૮ⵊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ૖‫`؞‬ ᷯⶓἲ ⮷Ϯⵆં ୞ ‫ צ‬ኗ`ὢ ὶ૒ ᶢᅆᅪ Ὢ ⁞Ѣⵆᶾᤊ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ ०▊᫊⢖⺲᫊ϲҫӪ᫊♆ᢚ἖ἲ‫؞‬။ⵆᷚ⒆ᆚⵊᶢᅆ὆ᅪ ♆ᢚ᫊⢒ંॻல-$ ᅪ՚ⵆ቞᫊ϲேᴶሧὢં⃪↮ᴸં૒ὢഺ᫊ⷆ ጪ↶὆ `ῶⵊ ॻலᒂỲᅪ ᴺ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ ᷶ᘲ᫊ⷆॻலᤒ ᫊ⷆ ἲ ᫒᫊ⵆӎ ‫צ‬ҞӪᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚᓦ᫊ⷆἲ᫒᫊ⵊ૒Ế♇`Ἢ၊᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣⵆᶾᤊ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ 25) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test. TG ]^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ጪẗⵢல὾Ⴚᏽ`ῶⵊ ྷᕲᤋᐗᒃἲ⹃ᓢⵆંѱὢⴲẂⵆ૒ ࢆ ጪᒪთ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ጪᒪთ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᨆᤊጢ⒇▂ேጪ՞ᶾ૮ⵊᷯⶓἲ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵊѱἪ၊ᨆᤊጢ⒇▂ேጪ⃿ᶾᤊጪᒪთᅆᅪᤎ ⵆᷚἎᷯઓဓᶾ ૮ⵊᷯⶓἲ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ጪᒪთᶾ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ⒆ᆚⵊ⺲᫊ϲேᴶӮ␞ⵆᷚ ⒆ᆚⵊጪᒪთ὆ϮἎᷯ΅ⵢᅪᐉંॻல᫊ϲ&$ ᅪᢞ▊ⵊ૒ὢഺ ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆`ῶⵊॻலᒂỲᅪᴺ‫؞‬Ỳⵢॻலᤒ ᫊ⷆἲ᫒᫊ⵆӎ‫צ‬ҞӪᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚᓦ᫊ⷆἲ᫒᫊ⵊ૒ ૒ ૢᨆ⁞ᅆᣋᾓ΅ⵢ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ૢᨆ⁞ᅆ ᣋᾓ΅ⵢ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ᨆᤊᣋጪ ⃿ ૖ᤦ⯚ ૢᨆ⁞ᅆ ᏽ ᫊ᴲ०ᐃ⤺ᆚᴲ὆᤟ᾓᶾ૮ⵊ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᷯⶓἲ⮷Ϯⵆં୞‫צ‬ኗ`ὢὶ૒ ↮ᨆ᤟ᾓ‫؞‬ᶾὶં⁞ᅆᅪᷚ࿚ॻல὆᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ०▊᫊⢖⺲Ὢ ⁞Ѣⵆ ᶾᤊ ᐞᵿⵆቢᤊ ⁞ᅆ὆ ᤟ᾓ ෾ં ᤟ᾓᅎᶾ Ꮶ♆ં ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ ᷯⶓἲ ᓢં ѱἪ၊ ०▊᫊ϲἮ Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ ᫊ϲὢ቞ ҞӪં ᷯⶓॻல&$Y ЀἪ၊ ࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ ὢഺ ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ `ῶⵊ ॻலᒂỲᅪ ᴺ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢ ॻலᤒ ᫊ⷆἲ ᫒᫊ⵆӎ‫צ‬ҞӪᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚᓦ᫊ⷆἲ᫒᫊ⵊ૒ὢ᫊ⷆᐗᒃἮጪᶾᾆ१ં ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊ⵆᷮ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾẗⵢலϮᇒẞ࢜Ἦጪ↶὆ҫẞᷯⶓॻல &$Y Ѐἲ ՚ⵎ ᨆ ᶴἲ ᨆல ὶ૒ Ế♇`Ἢ၊ ᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣⵆᶾᤊ ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ ጪẗⵢல὾Ⴚᏽ`ῶⵊ ྷᕲᤋᐗᒃἲ⹃ᓢⵆંѱὢⴲẂⵆ૒ ཪ ᶢᅆᆺ᤟ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᶢᅆᆺ᤟ள᤟᫊ⷆἮᶢᅆ⓶‫؞‬ᣋᾓ૖Ҳள᤟᫊ⷆ5( ᶢᅆᐞᴲᏽ ࢊ⹗૖Ҳ ♆ᶢ ள᤟᫊ⷆ5( ᶢᅆ Ἆᣋ᤟ᾓ᫊ⷆ5( Ἢ၊ ᕲᅆఊ૒ ᶢᅆᆺ᤟ள᤟ⵛኗἮ╊᥺ᷯⶓӮ␞ॻல-0&$ ᏽ/0&$೟ἲல▊ⵆᷚ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ ᶢᅆ⓶‫؞‬ᣋᾓ૖Ҳள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊᨆᤊᣋጪ὆ᣋᾓ 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines for for for for for the the the the the Testing Testing Testing Testing Testing of of of of of Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Test Test Test Test Test No. No. No. No. No. 202: 201: 210: 212: 215: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test. Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test. Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test. Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages. Fish, Juvenile Growth Test. TG ]_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૖Ҳᶾഞᅦள᤟ᷯⶓἲ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵊѱἪ၊ᶢᅆ὆ᣋᾓ⓶‫؞‬૖ҲᶾᏦ♆ં ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᷯⶓἲ☏ ⵆં୞ኗ`ὢὶ૒ᶢᅆ὆⓶‫؞‬૖Ҳᨆ ཮૖Ҳ ᶾᤊ Ὢ ॻல὆᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ०▊᫊⢖⺲Ὢ ᫊ϲேᴶ὆♆ᢚᷯⶓᐊᣋᾓᵎ ‫⸃؞‬೟ἲӮ␞ⵆӎ૮⁞՞ӪᘲԾⵆ᫊ᷚⷆጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ-0&$ᏽ/0&$೟ἲ ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ᶢᅆᐞᴲᏽࢊ⹗૖Ҳ♆ᶢள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦᨆᤊᣋጪ὆⓶‫؞‬ᣋᾓ૖Ҳᶾ ૮ⵊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᷯⶓἲ ૖‫؞‬ϲᶾ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ѱἪ၊ ᶢᅆ὆ ᨆ ཮ᕮ⤞ ᕮ⹂ ↯⺲‫↮غ‬὆ ‫؞‬ϲ ேᴶ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᷯⶓἲ ⮷Ϯⵆં ୞ ኗ`ὢ ὶ૒ ᶢᅆ὆⓶‫؞‬૖Ҳᨆ ཮૖Ҳ ᶾᤊὪ ॻல὆᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ०▊᫊⢖⺲ᐞᴲ FNCSZP ᫊‫؞‬Ḯᕮ⹂↯⺲὆ࢊ⹗૖Ҳ♆ᶢTBDGSZ ᶾᤊ὆♆ᢚᷯⶓᐊᣋᾓᵎ ‫⸃؞‬೟ἲӮ␞ⵆӎ૮⁞՞ӪᘲԾⵆ᫊ᷚⷆጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ-0&$ᏽ/0&$೟ἲ ᢞ▊ⵊ૒ ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ ०▊Ἦ ᫊ⷆ՞ ᨆ ཮ᕮ⤞ ᕮ⹂ⵊ ♆ᶢ Њ⒢὆ ࢊ⹗ὢ Ḳῲ⽶⽏ᨆఆ‫↯؞‬ῲ෾ં૮⁞՞὆♆ᶢϮሧὢӣ‫׷‬ᶴὢᣋ⁢Ϯઓⵊ‫؞‬ϲ ேᴶ᫒᫊ⵊ૒ ᶢᅆ Ἆᣋ᤟ᾓ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᾓ‫؞‬ϲ ०▊ὢ ᶢᅆ Ἆᣋᶾ Ꮶ♆ંள᤟ᷯⶓἲ⮷Ϯⵆં୞ኗ`ὢὶ૒↮ᨆ᤟ᾓ‫♆؞‬ᶢ὆ጢѺᅪ☏ ⵊ ⺲ ᴲ♆ᢚTVCMFUIBM ॻல ᒂỲ὆ ᫊ⷆẗᵏᶾ ᫊ⷆЊ⒢ᅪ Ὢϲ ०▊᫊⢖૒ ὢഺἎᨆ᫊᫋ⷆҲᅪᢚẗⵆંѱὢᐂེ↯ⵆࢆ‫צ‬࿵↮ኩⵊҫẞᐆ↮ᨆ᫋ ᫊ⷆҲᅪᢚẗⵆᷚ०▊ⵊ૒ሧὢંᇒὪӣ‫ⵆ׷‬቞ሧὢྷἮ᫊ⷆЊ⒢὆⓶‫؞‬ ጢѺᅪ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊Ҟ ⵆӎὪ⺲ᶾᾚᢞ ⵆᷚӣ‫ⵊ׷‬૒᫊ⷆὢ⁳Ⴚఊ⺲ᶾં ᫊ⷆЊ⒢ጢѺᅪ૒᫊☏ ⵊ૒᤟ᾓᅎᶾY὆ᒮ⹂ⅷ&$Y&$&$෾ં &$ ᅪϮ…Ḓંॻலᅪ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ⹺֮ኖ⸃ἲᢚẗⵆᷚ᤟ᾓᅎᶾ૮ⵊᷯⶓἲ ᕲᤋⵊ૒૒ᅦᐗᒃἪ၊ં૮⁞՞ӪᘲԾⵆᷚ-0&$ᏽ/0&$ᅪᢞ▊ⵊ૒ ᆶ ጪᒪთᆺ᤟ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ጪᒪთᆺ᤟ள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦጪᒪთ὆ᣋ᫋ઓဓᶾᏦ♆ં᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ ᷯⶓἲ⫺ᴳⵆં୞ኗ`ὢὶἪ቞ጪᒪთᅆᣋ᫋ઓ᫊ⷆὢཪӎலⵊ૒०▊ ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ᫊ⷆ՞ኖ⒢ᶾᤊ⣊ᶢࢊ὾᥾὆Њ⒢ᨆᅪ⁞ᢚⵖἪ၊᭖ⵢ૧ጪ↶὆ ᣋ᫋ઓဓᶾ ૮ⵊ ᷯⶓ ᷚᕮᅪ ⫺ᴳⵆўࢆ ♆ᢚ἖╊⓶ ᕮ⹂᫊‫؞؞‬⢮ ள᤟ ↋᢯೒ἲ૮⁞՞ӪᘲԾⵊ૒᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾጪᒪთἲὪேᴶ०▊ⵆᷚጪᒪთ὆ ᣋ᫋ઓဓᶾ ᷯⶓἲ ࢆ⢮ࢢં ॻல᷶ &$ &$ ೟ ᅪ ᢞ▊ⵆ቞ ᣋ᫋ઓဓᶾ 31) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 211: Daphnia magna Reproduction Test. TG ]`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᷯⶓἲࢆ⢮ࢢ↮ᴸં/0&$෾ંᷯⶓἲࢆ⢮ࢢંॻலϮẢ୞-0&$ᅪல▊ⵊ૒ ᐂ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆Ꮶᣋጪ⹊ே ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ ␦ӎ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲ4FXBHF5SFBUNFOU1MBOU451 Ꮶᣋጪᶾ૮ⵊள᤟Ἦᣋᕲⵢ ᏽᷯᵿᕲ ў‫؞‬ઓἲᓢ⸦ⵆӎᣋ⹊ⵆᨆᏽᢞᶳẗ451‫؞‬ઓᨆ⵷ἲỲⵊ ኗ`Ἢ၊⮷Ϯⵊ૒ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲᏦᣋጪᶾ૮ⵊள᤟Ἦ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᕲᅆᏽ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟⮷Ϯᶾંᢚẗఆ↮ᴸἪ቞1/&$451ல▊ἲ Ỳⵢ⹊ẗఊ૒ ⹊᤟᪚࿚↮⸦⽏΅ⵢ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ⸦‫᤟؞‬Ꮶᣋጪἲὢẗⵊⵆᨆ෾ં ⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚᾓ‫؞‬ઓἲᶣ ⵎᨆὶંጪ↶೒ἲᫎ᥻ⵆѺѮᢷⵆӎᏦᣋጪᕲⵢ ᫊ⷆᶾᤊ Ꮶᣋጪ ⹊᤟ἲ ΅ⵢⵆ↮ ᴸં ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ `ῶⵊ ॻலᅪ ᤒ ⵆં ѱἲ ኗ`Ἢ၊ ⵊ૒ ⱊ⃮ྷ὆ ⵗ᤟ Ḓᨆᅪ ⒖Ϯⵊ ⹊᤟ ᪚࿚↮὆ ⸦⽏ᅎἲ ῿⓷ᕲ⺲ᏽ෾ં᫊ϲ⺲ᶾ☏ ⵊ૒૒ᅦ⁞ѢἮேὪⵆѺⵊ⁞Ѣᶾᤊ ᷚ࿚ॻல὆᫊ⷆጪ↶ὢὶં᢯⣊ᶾᤊேὪⵊ⹊᤟᪚࿚↮὆⸦⽏ᅎἲ☏ ⵊ૒ ⪧ ॻலᶾᤊ ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ ᶣ ⺖Ӫᅪ ా ૮⁞՞὆ ⮷‫⽏⸦ ׎‬ᅎ၊ ⱊ᫊ⵆӎᤊ၊૒ᅦॻலᶾᤊ὆☏ Ѐ೒၊ᕮ⤞&$ ЀἲҲᢞⵊ૒ ᢚ ΅ᤊᣋጪᆺ᤟ள᤟ $IJSPOPNVT SJQBSJVT $IJSPOPNVT UFOUBOTḮ ЇἮ ΅ᤊᣋጪἲ ὢẗⵊ ள᤟ ᫊ⷆἮ᫊ⷆጪ↶ὢ΅ᤊᣋጪ὆ᣋ⁢᤟ᾓᑶ᫋ઓဓ೟ᶾᶢඎⵊᷯⶓἲᏦ♆ંϮᅪ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ⧢`ጪጪ᫊᪒⥊TFEJNFOUXBUFSTZTUFN ᶾᤊ૒ᵿⵊॻலᒂỲ὆ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾἎ▗ἲ०▊᫊✊‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ᆺ᤟ள᤟೟ἲ⮷Ϯⵊ૒᫊ⷆҞӪᅪ ⦣ⵢẞ⹂Ἆ▗὆ᣋ⁢ᏽ᤟ᾓᶾ૮ⵊYϾ᥺Ếὦὢఆંॻல&$&$ ೟ ᅪ▂ ⵆӎ૮⁞՞Ӫ⒆ᆚ՞὆ᷯⶓἲ⦣ⵢ-0&$ᏽ/0&$ᅪᢞ ⵊ૒ ΅ᤊᣋጪᆺ᤟ள᤟᫊ⷆἮ᫊ⷆጪ↶ὢ⒖Ϯఊ⧢`ጪἲὢẗⵊ‫ق‬ഞ՚ள᤟ ᫊ⷆ5( Ӫ᫊ⷆጪ↶ὢ⒖Ϯఊጪἲὢẗⵊ‫ق‬ഞ՚ள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἢ၊ 32) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 209: Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation). 33) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 218: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment. 34) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 219: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Water. TG ^WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ՚ᕲఊ૒᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ⧢`ጪᶾ⒖Ϯⵆӎဧ὆‫ق‬ഞ՚Ἆ▗ἲ⧢`ጪӪጪἲ ૢἮᘲ⛒ᶾऑἮ⺲᤟▗‫ق‬ഞ՚὆▊ⷲӪᐊᣋᅎἲ☏ ⵊ૒‫ق‬ഞ՚὆▊ⷲ෾ં Ἆ▗὆ᣋ⁢ὢࢆ᤟ᾓᶾ૮ⵊϾ᥺἖ἲࢆ⢮ࢢંॻல᷶&$&$ ᅪ՚ⵆ‫؞‬ Ỳⵢ⹺֮ኖ୦ἲὢẗⵆўࢆ⦣Ҳⵇ`ᐗᒃἲὢẗⵆᷚ-0&$෾ં/0&$ᅪᢞ▊ⵊ૒ Ἇ᢯⹆ҫᷯᷛ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ␦ӎ Ἇ᢯⹆ҫ὆ᓣᾏⵖӪ૒ᵿ᤟Ἢ၊ὦⵢἏ᢯ᣋጪὢጪ↶ᶾ०▊ఎᨆὶં ૒ᵿⵊ०▊ҫ၊ⅷ૮‫؞‬ሧὢӣ‫ק‬ᨆ⦎ᵿ೟ ᏽᾎᾚ`ὦᷯⶓἲᐉѺఆં Ἇ᢯ᣋጪӪϮᾓᆼὢӮဖఊᷯᵿ૖Ҳᏽ‫؞‬ઓ‫צ‬ყᶾ૮ⵊ⮷ϮϮὢზᶢ …ᵪⵆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ⹂⮷ᒃࢢᶾᤊંἏ᢯ᷯⶓ⮷Ϯ὆ᒂỲ၊᫋ጪӪ↮࿯ὢ὆ ‫᤟׷‬ᏽᆺ᤟⮷Ϯᅪ`ẗⵆӎὶ૒ ᫋ጪ⁳὾ᐊᴲᏽ᤟ᾓ᫊ⷆ᫋ጪ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ ὆ҫẞᷯᵿ᥺ᅪṦᕮ၊ ᕮ⤞ᐉ‫؞‬ᓢ૒ࢢᕮ΅ᾓᶾࣶ↮ᅪᢚẗⵆં⁳὾᢯⣊᫋ጪ὆⪧ὢ᤟Ἢ၊ὦⵢ ૮૒ᨆ὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢឺᆚᶾ⽏ᨆఆ↮ᴸӎṦᕮᷯⶓᶾ૮ⵊᏪϾலϮ΅ⵆఎ Ϯઓ᤟ἲ ↮શӎ ὶ૒ ᫋ጪ⁳὾ ᐊᴲ ᏽ ᤟ᾓ ள᤟᫊ⷆ὆ ҫẞ ૮⁞՞ᶾᤊ ᐊᴲ⺲Ὢ‫↮غ‬὆ᷯⶓἲӮ␞ⵊҞӪᅪ`ẗⵆᷚ-& $Ѐἲᢞ ⵊ૒ ᫋ጪᆺ᤟ள᤟Ἦ⦎ᵿᶾ὆ⵊӎ೟᫋ጪ὆᤟ᾓᏽᣋ᫋΅ⵢᶾᏦ♆ંᷯⶓἲ ⹃ὦⵆᷚ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ⦎ᵿḒᷪᶾ૮ⵊ⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᤊં↮࿯ὢᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵊ૒0&$% ᶾᤊં&JTFOJBGFUJEBḮ&JTFOJBBOESFJᅪ᫊ⷆ⁳Ἢ၊պᾓⵆӎὶἪ቞↮࿯ὢᶾ ૮ⵊ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ᫊Ἆⵢጪ↶०▊᫊὿Ὢἲ‫῾؞‬Ἢ၊Ὢ⺲ᣋ⁢἖ᏽ ⒢⃿ᒮ⹂ᶾ૮ⵊ-$Ѐἲᢞ ⵊ૒ᆺ᤟ள᤟὆ҫẞ↮࿯ὢᣋ᫋΅ⵢ᫊ⷆἲ ⦣ⵢ/0&$෾ં&$Y᷶&$&$ Ѐἲᢞ ⵊ૒ Ϯ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ᫊ⷆἮ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪ ᣋᾓ᫊ⷆ5( Ӫ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪ ᣋᾓ⹊᤟ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἢ၊ᕲᅆఊ૒ 35) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-46⸦ 「⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫊ⷆᐗᒃᶾӮⵊ‫」 ׊‬. 36) ECHA(2011), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Part B: Hazard assessment. 37) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 208: Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test. 38) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 227: Terrestrial Plant Test: Vegetative Vigour Test. TG ^XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪᣋᾓ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ⦎ᵿᶾ⹺⒆ᆚⵊӎ⸃෾ંᵏ᢯὆᫊ⷆጪ↶ὢ ᷚ࿚ ⁳὆ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪ὆ ᐊᴲ ᏽ ⓶‫᤟ ؞‬ᾓᶾ Ꮶ♆ં ᷯⶓἲ ⮷Ϯⵆં ୞ ‫צ‬ ኗ`ὢὶἪ቞ᓦ᫊ⷆἮᆼἮἏᣋ᫋ጪᶾ૮ⵢ`ẗఊ૒ᷚ࿚ॻல὆᫊ⷆ ጪ↶ἲ ⸪έⵊ ⦎ᵿᶾ ⁳὾ᅪ ᫚ં૒ ᐊᴲⵊ ᫧὆ ᨆᅪ ‫؞‬။ⵆӎ ૮⁞՞὆ ᫧ὢϮᐊᴲⵆӎࢆᤊ`ᶢல⃪⺲ᶾ᫋ጪἲᾆཪ⃿ྷἲ☏ ⵊ૒ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪᣋᾓ⹊᤟᫊ⷆ5( ἮὪᐆ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᏽᢢ▗ ॻ὿ጪᓢ⸦ ⱶ ೟὆०▊ᶾഞᅦἏᣋ᫋ጪ὆ᣋᾓ⹊᤟ᶾ૮ⵊᷯⶓἲ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆὢ૒ ᫋ጪἮὪᐆ`Ἢ၊_ᓦᷫဧUSVFMFBGTUBHF Ἢ၊᤟ᾓⵊ૒᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ᫋ጪ὆ ὼⱊቢᶾ`૧ⵊ᥻ல၊ᕲᢚⵊ⺲_ὪϲӮ␞૮⁞՞ӪᘲԾⵆᷚᣋ᫋ ᏽ᤟ᾓᶾ૮ⵊᷯⶓἲ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ࢆ Ἇᣋጢ⒇▂ேጪ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ Ἇᣋጢ⒇▂ேጪ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ⦎ᵿἲᨆᦏᇒ⒢၊ⵆંἏᣋᣋጪᶾ ὆ⵊ ‫⓶؞‬૖Ҳ ᫊ⷆἪ၊ᤊ ⦎ᵿἲ ὢẗⵊ ↮࿯ὢ὆ ૖‫؞‬ϲ ०▊ἲ ⦣ⵆᷚ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ἆⵢ᤟ἲ᪒⡚ᆚોⵆં୞ኗ`ὢὶ૒↮࿯ὢᅪ᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣⵆᶾᤊ ᷚ࿚ॻல὆᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾὪ ‫؞‬ϲ०▊ⵆᷚ‫צ‬ᢚᇋᨆᅪ☏ ⵆᷚ-$ Ѐἲ ᢞ▊ⵆ቞ ‫ צ‬Ṧ὆ ள᤟ᷯⶓல Ӯ␞ⵊ૒ ὦӣ⦎ᵿἲ ὢẗⵊ ᫊ⷆὢ ⃪၊ ᢚẗఆ቞ ⴲ⤞⮆ὢ⭪ᅪὢẗⵊ ᫊ⷆἮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ள᤟ἲ᪒⡚ᆚો ⵆં୞ `ẗⵎᨆὶ૒᫊ⷆጪ↶὆`૧ⵊॻலᒂỲᅪᤒ ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢॻலᤒ ᫊ⷆἲ ᫒᫊ⵆӎ‫צ‬ҞӪᶾ‫ॻⵊ⓶؞‬ல૖Ҳᶾഞཪᓦ᫊ⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵊ૒ ૒ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪᆺ᤟ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ Ἇᣋ᫋ጪ ᆺ᤟ள᤟ ᫊ⷆ*40 Ἦ ⦣ ఊ ⁞Ѣ὆ ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ ӎ೟᫋ጪ὆ ᤟ᾓ ᏽ ᣋ᫋ઓဓ ΅ⵢᅪ Ҟ ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ᫊ⷆὢ૒ ᫊ⷆ‫؞‬ϲἮ ૮⁞՞Ӫ ᫊ⷆ᫋ጪ὆ᣋ᫋ઓဓἲᘲԾⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊᆺ᤟᫊ⷆὢ▗ᕲ⽶ὢზᶢ↮ல။ᤒ ⵢᵪⵊ૒ᆺ᤟ள᤟᫊ⷆἮ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ૖Ҳᒲ၊⽚ᤋⵆᷚᨆ⵷ఎᨆὶ૒ 39) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests. 40) ISO 22030:2005, Soil quality -- Biological methods -- Chronic toxicity in higher plants. TG ^YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ཪ Ἇᣋጢ⒇▂ேጪ ᆺ᤟ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ ␦ӎ Ἇᣋጢ⒇▂ேጪ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ↮࿯ὢ ᑶ᫋ઓဓᶾ Ꮶ♆ં ᷯⶓἲ⫺ᴳⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵖὢ቞↮࿯ὢᑶ᫋ள᤟᫊ⷆὢཪӎலⵊ૒०▊᫊ϲேᴶ ⣊ᶢࢊἎ▗PGGTQSJOHKVWFOJMF ὆Њ⒢ᨆᅪ⁞ᢚⵖἪ၊᭖᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ᣋ᫋ઓᶾ ૮ⵊᷯⶓᷚᕮᅪ⫺ᴳⵎᨆὶἪ቞ὢṦᶾல᤟⒢὆ᢚᇋᏽ᤟ᾓᶾᏦ♆ં ᷯⶓ೟ἲ⮷Ϯⵊ૒Ὢ ॻல὆᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲⵖἎⵊὦӣ⦎ᵿᶾऑἮ↮࿯ὢ὆ ᣋ᫋᤟ᾓᏽᢚᇋᶾᏦ♆ંᷯⶓἲ☏ ⵊ૒᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ⃪ϲ०▊᫊⢖ಒ ᤟⒢὆ᢚᇋӪ᤟ᾓᶾᏦ♆ંᷯⶓἲӮ␞ⵆᷚ-$ Ѐἲᢞ▊ⵊ૒ᣋ᫋ᶾ૮ⵊ ᷯⶓἮ᤟⒢ᅪ ўⵆӎ⃪ϲୂ०▊᫊⢖૒Ἲࢊ࢛ᶾᤊᕮ⹂ⵊἎ▗὆ᨆᅪ Ҳᨆⵆᷚ ☏ ⵊ૒ ૮⁞՞Ӫ ᘲԾⵆᷚ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ /0&$ ᏽ ᷯⶓॻல &$Y ᅪᢞ▊ⵊ૒ 41) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei). TG ^ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆ૖Ҳ`ẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐᏽ⮷ϮҲᨆᤎ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾᤊ╊⁳`Ἢ၊1/&$ᅪல▊ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊં` ẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐᏽ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪᤎ ⵢᵪⵊ૒ `ẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐᤎ ૖Ҳᶾᤊ⹃ᓢఊ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟὾ႺᅪѮ⦎ⵆᷚ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊẗྷᨆ⃮ἲᤎ ⵊ૒1/&$ᅪல▊ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊંᇒ⒢ࢢᣋ ጪ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ϯᾓ ࢜Ἦ ᷯⶓ ॻலϮ ⴲẂⵆ቞ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟὆ ҫẞ &$ ෾ં -$ᆺ᤟ள᤟὆ҫẞ/0&$೟὆ЀὢⴲẂⵆ૒ ⮷ϮҲᨆᤎ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮӪ ᶾᤊ὆ᕶ⹃᫒᤟ᏽᒮὢ᤟ἲᤒታⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ ᢚẗఆં ὲ὆ έဓ Ѐὦ ⮷ϮҲᨆ"' ᅪ ᤎ ⵊ૒ ⮷ϮҲᨆં ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ Ἆⵢ᤟ᶾ૮ⵊேጪ᫒ⷆҞӪᅪὦ⒢ᶾṦ᢫ⵆўࢆᏪϾⵊ૮᢯‫`↮غ‬ẗⵆ‫؞‬ Ỳⵊὲ὆`ᓢ Ѐἲᆾⵆ቞ᕶ⹃᫒᤟ҲᨆḮЇἮ὆Ꮶ၊ᢚẗఊ૒ ⮷ϮҲᨆ ▂၎ Ӫ ᶾᤊ ӎဒఆં ᕶ⹃᫒᤟Ἦ ᫒ⷆ᫒ ϲ ෾ં ᫒ⷆ᫒ ࢢᶾᤊ὆ள᤟὾Ⴚ὆␖ὢ ⁳ϲ෾ં⁳ࢢᶾᤊ὆ᣋጪⵇ`␖ὢ ૖‫؞‬०▊ἲᾓ‫؞‬०▊၊Ṧ᢫᫊ὢᶾഞᅦ␖ὢ ᫒ⷆ᫒ࢢᶾᤊᣋᢞఊ὾ Ⴚᅪ᫒ ⹆ҫ⃿Ἢ၊`ẗⵎഺᐊᣋⵎᨆὶં␖ὢ೟ὢ቞ϯϯ὆ᕶ ⹃᫒᤟ᶾ૮ⵊᷞ՚ҞӪϮᒲல၊ᶴἪቢᨆᣋᣋጪள᤟⮷Ϯ὆ҫẞ<ⱊ >὆Ꮶ՛&1"⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ`ẗⵊ૒ <ⱊ>ᨆᣋᣋጪ὆ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟὾Ⴚᒲ⮷ϮҲᨆ64&1" ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟὾Ⴚ ⮷ϮҲᨆ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ЀЊЊᷯᵿ૖Ҳ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ЀЊЊᷯᵿ૖Ҳϯϯ ᆺ᤟ள᤟ЀЊЊᷯᵿ૖Ҳ ᆺ᤟ள᤟ЀЊЊᷯᵿ૖Ҳϯϯ ᆺ᤟ள᤟ЀЊЊᷯᵿ૖Ҳϯϯ 42) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ(2012), ⹂⮷ᒃ૮ᘲ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲ᤟⮷Ϯⵣ᫚‫؞‬ᨎЊᐊ(I) ╊⁳ᓢӎᤊ. TG ^[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᨆᣋᣋጪள᤟ἲ Ṧⵊ⮷Ϯⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢᤊં&63&"$) ᶾᤊᢚẗఆӎ ὶં<ⱊ>὆⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ`ẗⵆல။ⵊ૒ <ⱊ>ᨆᣋᣋጪள᤟ἲ Ṧⵊ⮷Ϯⵛኗ὆⮷ϮҲᨆ&63&"$) ⹆ҫᇒ↶ ⵆᨆ ⒆ᆚ ᫊ᤒ ♖ῲጪ Ἇ᢯ ᣋ⣊ ⹆ҫ Ꮶᣋጪ ૢᨆ ⦎ᵿ ࢢẗ OECD TG 209 ⹊᤟᪚࿚↮⸦⽏΅ⵢ᫊ⷆ ⮷ϮҲᨆ ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐὢ NOECὦҫẞ 10 ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐὢ EC10ὦҫẞ 10 ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐὢ EC50ὦҫẞ 100 ᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟᫊ⷆЀὢᤦϮ↮ ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐὢ NOECὦҫẞ ὢ᢯⁢ᾚⵆંҫẞ ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐὢ EC10ὦҫẞ 10 ᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟᫊ⷆЀὢాϮ↮ ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐὢ NOECὦҫẞ ⁢ᾚⵆંҫẞ ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐὢ EC10ὦҫẞ 50 ᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟᫊ⷆЀὢⵊϮ↮ ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐὢ NOECὦҫẞ ⁢ᾚⵆંҫẞ ὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐὢ EC10ὦҫẞ 100 10 50 100 3 ᷯᵿ૖Ҳᶾ૮ⵊᤦϮ↮ᣋጪ⁳ᶾ૮ⵢᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ (NOEC) ҞӪϮ⁢ᾚ 10 2 ᷯᵿ૖Ҳᶾ૮ⵊᣋጪ⁳ᶾ૮ⵢᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ (NOEC) ҞӪϮ⁢ᾚ 50 ⵊϮ↮ᣋጪ⁳ (᷶ : ᫋ጪ )ᶾ૮ⵢᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ (NOEC) ҞӪϮ⁢ᾚ 100 ૖‫؞‬ள᤟᫊ⷆҞӪ (᷶ : ᫋ጪ , ↮࿯ὢ෾ંᏦᣋጪ ) LC50ὦҫẞ 1,000 EC50ὦҫẞ 1,000 43) ECHA(2008), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for environment. TG ^\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒૖Ҳ᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻல1/&$ ல▊ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ <ᒲⱊ>␦ӎ ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯં⹆ҫᇒ⒢὆ᆺ᤟ᏽ‫᤟׷‬०▊ᶾ૮ⵊ1/&$ல▊ὢ ኗ`ὢ૒ 1/&$ં ᨆᣋ⣊Ҳ ᏽ ᤊ᫋ᣋጪ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵢ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢᷯⶓἲ ὪἪ ⢒↮ᴸં૒ӎ▂ ఆંϯᇒ⒢ࢢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻலᅪᆾⵆ቞᫊ⷆ෾ંᘲ᫊ⷆ ᐗᒃἲ ⦣ⵢ ὢ᢯`Ἢ၊ ᶩᶢ↲ ϯ ᇒ⒢ ࢢ ᤊ᫋ⵆં ᣋጪ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵊ ள᤟ ὾Ⴚ၊ᕮ⤞ல▊ఊ૒ ‫؞‬ᓦ`Ἢ၊⹆ҫள᤟ᶾ૮ⵢὢẗϮઓⵊ ᓢંጪ↶὆ᨆྷᶾഞཪ૚ᆚ `ẗఊ૒૮᢯ጪ↶ὢᷞϲ⦒ὢ᢯⦒Ꮶᆺ὆ᨆྷἪ၊ ⁞෾ંᨆέ ఆંҫẞὪᐆ`Ἢ၊⁞ᅆᶢᅆᏽጪᒪთᶾ૮ⵊ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟὾Ⴚᅪὢẗⵊ૒ ᣋ⣊Ҳࢢ૒ᵿ᤟ὢᇒẞ⡚ӎ᫒ⷆ᫒ࢢᶾᤊὢẗϮઓⵊ᫒ⷆᣋጪ⁳Ἦ ⵊ `ὢ૒ ᣋ⣊Ҳં ᫒ⷆ᫒ ࢢ Њᒲ ᣋጪ⒢ᓢ૒ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ ᏪϾⵆ૒ӎ ϲ⃪ⵆᷚ᫒ⷆ ҞӪᅪ ↯῿ ⹊ẗⵆ↮ᴸӎ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪὢẗⵊ1/&$Ṧ᢫ἲ ‫⓶؞‬၊ᢚẗⵊ૒ ⮷ϮҲᨆṦ᢫Ἦ᫒ⷆҞӪᅪ⮷ϮҲᨆ၊ࢆ৲ંѱἪ၊ὢẗϮઓⵊ὾ႺϮ ᕮ ⵎᨆ။⮷ϮҲᨆં⛒↲૒Ṧ᢫᫊Ϯᾓ࢜Ἦள᤟Ѐἲ`ῶⵊ⮷ϮҲᨆ၊ ࢆ৲ᶢ1/&$ᅪ▂ ⵆ቞‫צ‬ῶ␖ં૒ἺӪЇ૒ イ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᶾ૮ⵢϯᷯᵿ૖Ҳᣋጪ⒢↿૖ᶾ૮ⵊⵣ᫚ᷞ՚ᤎ ゥϮᾓ࢜Ἦᷯⶓॻலᅪὢẗⵆᷚⵢ૧ᣋጪ⁳↿૖ࢢϮᾓᏪϾⵊᷯᵿ ૖Ҳᣋጪ⒢↿૖⹃ὦ ウϮẗⵊ ᓢᶾ૮ⵊⵖᨆ၊ᤊ`ῶⵊ⮷ϮҲᨆ⹃ὦ ェϮᾓ࢜Ἦॻலᅪ⮷ϮҲᨆ၊ࢆ৲ᶢ1/&$ல▊ 44) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ(2012), ⹂⮷ᒃ૮ᘲ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲ᤟⮷Ϯⵣ᫚‫؞‬ᨎЊᐊ(I) ╊⁳ᓢӎᤊ. TG ^]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᨆᣋᣋጪ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ`ẗⵊ1/&$ல▊᫋Ἦ૒ἺӪЇ૒ PNEC = Lowest LC 50 or NOAEL AF * LC50 or NOAEL : ᇒ⒢ࢢᣋጪ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊϮᾓ࢜Ἦᷯⶓॻல * AF : ⮷ϮҲᨆ, Ϯẗⵊள᤟ ᓢ὆⸃⣊ᏽᵿᶾഞཪ⡚‫؞‬ϮҞ ఖ ᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ૮ⵊὢẗϮઓⵊள᤟὾Ⴚᶾഞཪᨆᣋ⹆ҫࢢᤊ᫋ⵆંᣋጪ⒢ ᓢ⸦ᅪỲⵢ૖Ὢᣋጪ⁳὆ள᤟᫒ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪ1/&$ᶾṦ᢫ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ⮷Ϯ Ҳᨆᅪᤎ⣋ⵊ૒૖Ҳᶾᤊᤎ ఊѱӪЇὢᨆᣋᣋጪள᤟⮷ϮⵛኗӪᨆᣋ ᣋጪள᤟ἲ Ṧⵊ⮷Ϯⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢᤊϯϯ૒ᅢѺ`ẗⵊ૒1/&$ல▊᫋Ἦ ૒ἺӪЇ૒ 1/&$DPNQ .JO\&$DPNQ^ "' * Min{ECcomp} : ᇒ⒢ ࢢ ᣋጪ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ϯᾓ ࢜Ἦ ᷯⶓॻல. ⅷ, ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟὆ ҫẞ EC50 ෾ં LC50, ᆺ᤟ள᤟὆ ҫẞ EC10/NOECᅪᆾⵆ቞૖Ỳંᓢ⦣mg/L, mg/kg * AF : ⮷ϮҲᨆ, Ϯẗⵊள᤟ ᓢ὆⸃⣊ᏽᵿᶾഞཪ⡚‫؞‬ϮҞ ఖ 1/&$ல▊᫊/0&$Ѐ૮ᫎ/0&-ἲ↯῿ᢚẗⵎᨆંᶴἪࢆ૒ἺӪ Їὢ /0&- Ѐἲ ὢẗⵆᷚ /0&$ Ѐἲ Ἆலⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ૖ -0&$὆ ᘲ἖ἲ ⹃ὦⵎᨆᶴἲ᫊`ẗᕶϮઓⵆ૒ ㉽-0&$/0&-ં-0&$၊Ҳᢞ ♖ῲጪὢࢆ⦎ᵿᶾ૮ⵊ᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻல1/&$ ல▊᫊Ϯẗⵊ὾Ⴚᶾഞཪ ⮷ϮҲᨆᐗᒃӪ⮷⵷ᕲᐞᐗᒃἪ၊ல▊ఎᨆὶ૒ G ⮷ϮҲᨆᐗᒃ♖ῲጪ⦎ᵿᤊ᫋ᣋጪ⒢ᅪὢẗⵊ᫒ⷆҞӪ⹊ẗ G ⮷⸃ᕲᐞᐗᒃᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ૮ⵊள᤟὾ႺᆺϮẗⵊҫẞ`ẗ ♖ῲጪ⦎ᵿ ᤊ᫋ ᣋጪ⒢ᅪ ὢẗⵊ ᫊ⷆ ҞӪં ў὆ Ϯẗⵆ↮ ᴸἪᎮ၊ ૮ᕮᕲᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ૮ⵊ὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚ1/&$TFEJNFOUTPJMᅪல▊ⵊ૒ᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ ૮ⵊ὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵎҫẞᶾં᫚ⵢᏽ♖ῲጪᤊ᫋ᣋጪ὆ᏪϾலϮ♖ῲጪ ⦎ᵿ ࢢ ᣋጪ὆ѱӪἎᢚⵆӎጪ↶὆ ὢẗϮઓ᤟Ἦ♖ῲጪ⦎ᵿἎ‫؞‬ጪ↶ ᶾ ⽏␗ⵆᷚ῾῾Ͼ᥺ⵊ૒ӎϮ ⵆᷚ1/&$TFEJNFOUTPJMἲ▂ ⵊ૒ TG ^^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ G ⮷⸃ᕲᐞᐗᒃ ᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ૮ⵊ὾ႺᆺϮẗⵆ૒ቢ⮷⸃ᕲᐞᐗᒃἲ⦣ⵢ1/&$ᅪ▂ ⵆ቞▂ ૖Ҳં૒ἺӪЇ૒ 1/&$XBUFS ,PD⹃ὦ⃪Ẃᷞ՚ᶾᤊ⹃ὦ ♖ῲጪᏽ⁞Ѣᶾ૮ⵊⱊ⃮⪧᤟ᢚẗ ᨆ᫋ᶾഞᅦҲᨆᨆ⵷ G 1/&$TFEJNFOU⮷Ϯᐗᒃ 1/&$TFEJNFOUᅪҞ ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ૒ἺӪЇἮᨆ᫋ἲᢚẗⵊ૒ 1/&$TFEJNFOU⾞,PD ⾞1/&$XBUFS 1/&$TFEJNFOUંᐂ၊ϮཪᴷἮᕮἎӎ⸃ጪӎ⒢ᏽἎ‫؞‬⢲᥺၊՚᤟ ᶾ ‫♖⃮ⱊંⵆ⓶؞‬ῲጪᶾ`ẗϮઓⵆ૒ G 1/&$TPJM⮷Ϯᐗᒃ 1/&$TPJMἲҞ ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ૒ἺӪЇἮᨆ᫋ἲᢚẗⵊ૒ 1/&$TPJM⾞,PD ⾞1/&$XBUFS 1/&$TPJMἮ⦎ᵿӎ⸃ጪࢢӎ⒢ጪӣ‫؞‬ᏽἎ‫؞‬⢲᥺ᅪ Ϯ↲ⱊ⃮⦎ᵿᶾ`ẗϮઓⵆ૒ ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᕲᅆⱊ᫊ᶾӮⵊҞ၎ ⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟ᕲᅆⱊ᫊὆ҫẞὦ⒢Ḯં૚ᆚ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯⵛኗ ҞӪᆺἲ`ẗⵆᷚᕲᅆⵆંѱὢᴲશཪᣋጪॻ▃᤟Ҳᨆḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ ೟ἲӎဒⵆᷚ⮷Ϯⵆ቞‫᤟׷‬ᏽᆺ᤟ள᤟ἲ՚ᕲⵆᷚ⮷Ϯⵢᵪⵊ૒ TG ^_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯῶ␖ ὦ⒢ ѢЃᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ῶ␖ં <‫צ‬ᆪ >Ӫ Їὢ ૖Ҳ၊ ࢆ৺ ᨆ ὶ૒ ὦ⒢ ѢЃᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᶾᤊં ᘲᐊᵂጪ↶὆ ҫẞ ጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮ %/&- ෾ંள᤟␦ӎ♆3G%3G$ ᐊᵂጪ↶὆ҫẞ╊᥺ᷯⶓᨆ⃮%.&- ෾ં ⓶ӪᐊᵂỲⵢல&$3 ὆ல▊ἲ╊⁳ኗ`Ἢ၊ⵊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ὦ⒢Ἆⵢ᤟⮷Ϯῶ␖ ૖Ҳᾓῶ὆ࢢẗἲ␦ӎⵆᷚἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚᅪ⹃ᓢⵊ૒ 〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆೟။ᫎ⒛᫊ ▊὾Ⴚ぀ᶾᤊ⹊ẗⵎᨆὶં὾Ⴚᅪ Ṧⵊⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗ὆ҫẞᶾં▂Ϯ὾Ⴚᅪ⹃ᓢⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆἲ ᨆ⵷ⵆӎ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ ▊ⵛኗ὆ҫẞᶾં᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊᅪ὿᤟ⵊ૒ ૖Ҳ૖Ҳᶾᤊ⹃ᓢఊ὾ႺᅪѮ⦎ⵆᷚ`ẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐᏽ⮷Ϯ Ҳᨆᅪᤎ ⵊ૒ ૖Ҳ ╊⁳`Ἢ၊ ள᤟ ЀӪ ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᘲᐊᵂጪ↶὆ ҫẞ %/&-෾ં3G%3G$ᐊᵂጪ↶὆ҫẞ%.&-෾ં&$3ἲல▊ⵊ૒ ╊⁳`Ἢ၊ ⮷Ϯⵛኗᒲ၊ ᓢ ఊ ẗྷ ᨆ⃮ ᏽ `ẗఊ ῲ⒢ ⮷ϮҲᨆ %/&-෾ં3G%3G$ᅪல▊ⵊ૒ὢഺ ՛᥺ ᏽ ῲᫎἪ၊ ՚ᕲఊ ὾ႺϮ ὶં ҫẞᶾંὢᅪ՚ᕲⵆᷚ‫؞‬ᾚⵎᨆὶ૒ TG ^`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ Ϯ૖ҲⵛኗᒲἎⵢ᤟⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚ὆⹃ᓢ ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵆᷚⵛኗᒲἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾ ⴲẂⵊ὾Ⴚᅪ⹃ᓢⵢᵪⵊ૒ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟὆ҫẞЊ᫊ⷆ ⵛኗἪ၊ ՚᤟ఆᶢ ὶἪ቞ ϯ ⦒ᨆᒲ ⵢ૧ ᫊ⷆⵛኗἮ ૒Ἲ <ⱊ >Ḯ Ї૒ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ҫ՚ ⴪ᕮ৶὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽᕮ᫋᤟ӪᏪ᤟೟ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯંⴲᨆⵛኗᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆ቞ Ὢᕮ ⵛኗἮ ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ၊ ૮⒢ⵆᷚ ▊ὢ Ϯઓⵆўࢆ ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ὆ ᣋྣὢϮઓⵆ૒⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ὆ᒂỲંேᒃ ᫊⵷‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ>ᶾᤊ⹃ὦὢϮઓⵆ቞ ⁞ ⵛ ⸦ᶾഞཪ ▊ἲᣋྣ ⵎᨆὶં᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚંேᒃ᫊⵷‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ>ᶾᤊ⹃ὦὢϮઓⵆ૒෾ⵊϯ ⵛኗᒲ၊᫊ⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵆ↮ᴸᴲலఆં᫊ⷆቢ ⁞Ѣὢ⁢ᾚⵆᎮ၊՛ᆫ⹆ҫ ӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛὾Ⴚ὆὿᤟ᐗᒃᏽἎⵢ᤟᫚ᢚᐗᒃ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ‫ ׊‬ㅰ὆<ᒲⱊ>ᶾⵢ૧ⵆં᫊ⷆቢ ⁞Ѣἲ⹃ὦⵆல။ⵊ૒ ⹃ᓢఊ὾Ⴚંேጪᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢḮὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢ၊՚ᕲⵆ᫊ᷚⷆᐗᒃ ҞӪᘲӎ␦ӎጦⶺᶾ૮ⵢ὿᤟ⵊ૒Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὿᤟ᶾᢚẗఆંኖ೎὾Ⴚં ᫎ႞ல⮷ϮҞӪϮ෾ંᶾⵢ૧ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ᐗᒃᶾંᣋጪ⁳Ҳ⦣᤟ᒲ ०▊ᐗᒃ ०▊ҫ၊ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ ೟ᶾ ૮ⵢ ‫؞‬ᾚⵆӎ ҞӪᶾં ⮷Ϯⵛኗ ᷯⶓ ᨆ⃮ ᤟ᒲ Ӯ␞ ҞӪᅪ ᘲӎᶾં ᫎ႞ல ὾Ⴚ὆ ՚ᕲ ೟ἲ ␦ӎጦⶺᶾં ΅὾ᏽᷞலᅪϯϯ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ϯⵛኗᶾ૮ⵊᷞ՚ЊẂᅪኖా὿᤟ⵊಒ ╊⁳`Ἢ၊ϯⵛኗᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫᏽ४὆ᢚⵛἲ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ 45) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-46⸦, 「⹂ⵇጪ↶὆᫊ⷆᐗᒃᶾӮⵊ‫」 ׊‬. 46) ECHA(2011), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Part B: Hazard assessment. TG _WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>⦒ᨆᒲὦ⒢Ἆⵢ᤟᫊ⷆⵛኗ ૮‫צ‬ყ ⃿‫צ‬ყ ‫᤟׷‬ҫ՚ள᤟ (OECD TG 420/423/425) ‫᤟׷‬ҫ⴪ள᤟ ‫᤟׷‬ ள᤟ (OECD TG 402) ‫⽏᤟׷‬έள᤟ (OECD TG 403) ⴪ᕮ὾‫ ᤟ק‬/ᕮ᫋᤟ ὾‫᤟ק‬ (OECD TG 404) ᏽ ৶὾‫ ᤟ק‬/ᕮ᫋᤟ ᕮ᫋᤟ (OECD TG 405) ⴪ᕮӪᏪ᤟ ӪᏪ᤟ (OECD TG 406/429) ᓣ֮஺ᷞᒮὢ (OECD TG 471) 0.1~1⦒ 1~10⦒ 10~100⦒ 100~1,000⦒ 1,000⦒ὢ᢯ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅧ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅧ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅑ ㅏ ⯚Ἆᅆᐞᵿᤦ⯚ᅪὢẗⵊᷪᢷ⒢ ὢ᢯ (OECD TG 437/487) Ἆῲ ள᤟ ᐆᓣ ⨚ᷚ ள᤟ ᐊᵂ᤟ ᣋ᫋ / ᐊ૚ ள᤟ ᫊ⷆேጪἲὢẗⵊἎῲள᤟ (`ⷶ՚᥺ⵣ /Ӗᨆᷪᢷ⒢ , OECD TG 474/475) ㅧ ㅧ ▂ϮἎῲள᤟ (UDS(OECD TG 486)/ᣋ᫋ᤦ⯚ (OECD TG 483/478)) ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ (28Ὢ ) (OECD TG 407, 410, 412) ㅧ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ (90Ὢ ) (OECD TG 408/409, 411, 413) ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ ㅑ ᐊᵂ᤟ (OECD TG 451/453) ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ ㅑ ᣋ᫋ᏽᐊ૚ள᤟᪒⡚ᆚો (OECD TG421/422) ㅧ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ╊‫( ᤟⸃؞‬OECD TG 414) ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ ㅑ 2ᤦ૮ᣋ᫋ள᤟ (OECD TG 416) ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ ㅑ ㅏ : ⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗ , ●: ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ ▊ⵛኗ (ⶓ⺲᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ ▊ⴲẂ ) TG _XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ள᤟ே⣊᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ὦ⒢ ѢЃᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ᫊ᶾં ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ள᤟ே⣊ⵇ` ⪧᤟ἲ ӎဒⵎⴲẂϮὶ૒ጪ↶὆ள᤟ே⣊ⵇ`⪧᤟Ἦ᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣἲ╊`⹂ⵆંҫẞ ᣋ⒢ࢢ᫊ⷆ὆`ῶⵊẗྷἲҞ ⵆંҫẞ೟ᶾ⃿ẂⵊẂ᥺ϮఎᨆὶἪ቞ ⽏ᨆBCTPSQUJPO ᕲ⯚EJTUSJCVUJPO ૮ᢚNFUBCPMJTN ᏽᐞᤒFYDSFUJPO ၊ᤒታ ఊ૒ϯϯ὆ࢢẗἲᢢ⮢ᓢቢ૒ἺӪЇ૒ G ⽏ᨆBCTPSQUJPO ጪ↶ὢᫎ⒢ࢢ၊೒ᶢϮᣋ⒢ᤦ⯚ᆷἲ⨚Ӫⵆᷚⷶᵏ ࢢ၊ ὢேⵆં ⷲ᢯Ἢ၊ ᷯⶓ Ẃ᥺၊ં ጪ↶὆ ॻல ᕲ὾ྷ ẗⵢ᤟ ⨚ᷚҫ၊⽏ᨆᕮỲ὆᢯⣊Q)೟ὢὶ૒ G ᕲ⯚EJTUSJCVUJPO ጪ↶ὢ⽏ᨆఊ⺲ⷶӮӪᆪⳲӮἲᨊ⹆ⵆ૒Ϯᤦ⯚ ᆷἲ⦣ⵢ⁞↯᥻Ἢ၊♖⨚ⵆંⷲ᢯ὢ૒ G ૮ᢚNFUBCPMJTN ጪ↶ὢ ᣋ⒢ ࢢᶾᤊ ᒮ⹂ⵆં Ӫ Ἢ၊ᤊ ጪ↶὆ ὿ẗ ↮᥻᫊ϲἲ Ҟ ⵆં Ẃὦ὆ ⵆࢆὢ቞ ⃪၊ ϲᶾᤊ ὢზᶢ↮ࢆ ‫צ‬ṦᶾலỲᾓӮ῾ᆷⷶᵏ‫ת‬Ἇ⁞↯ᏽᫎᾓ೟ᶾᤊலὪᶢࢊ૒ G ᐞᤒFYDSFUJPO ⒢ࢢᶾ⽏ᨆఊᵫጪἮὪ ⵊ὿ẗἲᐊ⼆ⵊ૒Ἲ⒢Ṧ၊ ᐞ▊ఊ૒ Ϯᾓ ⃿Ẃⵊ ᐞᤒҫ၊ં ᫎᾓὢ቞ ‫ צ‬Ṧᶾல ᥺⹂‫؞‬ᕲᒮ ⮾⸦‫⴪ ؞‬ᕮമ ⢮ᵏἎↇ⣊ᐆἲ⦣ⵢᐞᤒఆંҫẞலὶ૒ ள᤟ே⣊⮷Ϯ὆ҫẞᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ᏽᣋ᫋ᐊ૚ள᤟೟὆᫊ⷆҞӪᅪ ᐂ⣃Ἢ၊ࢢẗἲ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ૒ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ␦ӎ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ὢ཮૖⹺෾ં૖‫؞‬०▊၊ὦⵢᐊᣋⵆંἎⵢᷯⶓἲᆾⵊ૒ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ὆ᐗᒃἮᇒẞ૒ᵿⵆ቞⃪၊ᢚᇋἲἎலⵎᨆὶંᾓ‫؞‬ᏽ ⁞↯ ࢢ ᒿᆚⵇ` ᒮ⹂ᅪ Ӯ␞ⵊ૒ Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ ҫ՚ ᏽ ҫ⴪ள᤟὆ லં ᫊ⷆ՞ࢢᣋጪ⒢὆ᅪᢚᇋᶾὢᅢѺⵎѱἪ၊ᢞ ఆંẗྷἲ὆Ꮶⵆં ᐆᨆ♆ᢚ ẗྷ-% Ἢ၊ ⱊⷲఆ቞ ⽏έள᤟὆ ҫẞᶾં -$Ἢ၊ ⱊⷲఊ૒ ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ⵛኗᶾંᐆᨆ♆ᢚẗྷ-% ෾ં-$ἲ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ TG _YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  Ϯ ‫᤟׷‬ҫ՚ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ‫᤟׷‬ҫ՚ள᤟᫊ⷆἮ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ᫊ϲὢࢢᶾ⹺෾ંᨆ⹺ҫ՚⨚ᷚⵊ ⺲૖᫊ϲࢢᶾࢆ⢮ࢆંᴳᷯⶓBEWFSTFFGGFDUT ἲӮ␞ⵆંѱἪ၊ҫ՚ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᒃἮӎ ẗྷᒃ5( ள᤟೟‫׷‬ᒃ5( ẗྷӎ΅ᒃ5( Ἢ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ ӎ ẗྷᒃ5( Ἦ ᫊ⷆேጪ὆ ᓢ⸦ᅪ Ỳⵢ ♆ᢚྷ ὢ᢯὆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᢚẗἲ Ϯ‫ ؞ⵆ⴪ `׷‬Ỳⵊ ᐗᒃἪ၊ NHLH὆ ӎ ẗྷἲ ૖Ҳᒲ၊૖Ὢ᤟ᒲ὆ேጪ‫צ‬ყᶾ⨚ᷚⵆંᐗᒃὢ૒ታᐟⵊள᤟ἲἎᐊⵆં ẗྷὢࢆⵊ ᆶᆚὢ᢯὆ᢚᇋἲ Ἆᐊⵆ↮ᴸંẗྷὢ⹃ὦఎഺ‫↮غ‬෾ં ╊ӎẗྷᶾᤊᴲጢ࿞ᷯⶓὢӮ␞ఆ↮ᴸўࢆ╊΅ẗྷᶾᤊᢚᇋὢᐊᣋⵎ ഺ‫↮غ‬ᐆᓣⵆᷚ⨚ᷚⵊ૒ ள᤟೟‫׷‬ᒃ5( Ἦ૖Ҳ`Ἢ၊ⵊ᤟ᒲ὆ேጪᤦᆶᆚᅪᢚẗⵆં᫊ⷆ ᐗᒃἪ၊૖Ὢ᤟ᒲᵂ⛥ἲẞᤎἪ၊ⵖ ὆ேጪᤦᆶᆚᅪᢚẗⵆᷚ ᫊ఊ ẗྷᶾ૮ⵢ૖Ҳ`Ἢ၊⨚ᷚⵊ૒ ẗྷӎ΅ᒃ5( Ἦ╊૮૒ᤝᆶᆚ὆ேጪἲᢚẗⵆᷚNHLH⪧ᨆⵊ ҫẞ NHLH ἲ ᨊ␖`Ἢ၊ ⨚ᷚⵆᷚ ᫊ⷆⵆં ⵊҲ᫊ⷆӪ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ ⵢ↲ॻல၊╊᥺᫊ϲϲҗἪ၊⨚ᷚⵆંᓦ᫊ⷆἪ၊ᨆ⵷ఊ૒᫊ⷆጪ↶ ⨚ᷚ⺲ேጪᑶ⸦⨚ᷚྷӣᘲ%PTFQSPHSFTTJPOGBDUPS ᏽᢚᇋேጪ὆ᐊᣋ ᷚᕮ೟ἲ0&$%Ϯὢೊཪὦᶾᤊ ӣⵆં"054UBU1HNῲᢞⳲ၊‫ ྖצ‬ᶾ ‫؞‬έⵆᷚῲᢞⳲ၊‫ྖצ‬὆↮᫊ᶾഞཪ▂⺲⨚ᷚⵎ⨚ᷚྷἲᢞ▊ⵎᨆὶ૒ ࢆ ‫᤟׷‬ҫ⴪ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ‫᤟׷‬ҫ⴪ள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦҫ⴪၊૖‫؞‬ϲ὆०▊ᶾ὆ⵢὪᶢࢎϮઓ ᤟ὢ ὶં ѢЃᾓⵢᅪ ⮷Ϯⵆં ᫊ⷆὢ቞ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ ᷚ࿚ ૖Ҳ὆ ẗྷἪ၊ ՞ἲࢆ৲ᶢ՞ẗྷἲ᫊ⷆேጪ὆⴪ᕮᶾ`ẗⵊ⺲ள὿ẗᏽᢚᇋᶾ૮ⵆᷚ Ӯ␞ⵊ૒᫊ⷆ‫؞‬ϲ⃿ᢚᇋⵊேጪἮᕮѮⵆӎ᫊ⷆ⁳Ⴚ᫊ᣋ⁢ⵊேጪல லᢢⵆᷚ ᕮѮ ⒆ᆚⵊ૒ ேጪὢ ᫚ⵆѺ ↮᥻`ὦ ӎ⦣὆ ⇃⺲ᅪ ࢆ⢮ࢢં ҫẞંᴶཫᢚᅪ᫊⢚ⴲẂϮὶἪ቞᫊ⷆጪ↶ὢᕮ᫋᤟Ӫ὾‫᤟ק‬ἲࢆ⢮ࢢᶢ ேጪᶾⷲ΅ⵊӎ⦣ἲὪἪ⢒ંҫẞᶾં᫊ⷆⵎⴲẂϮᶴ૒ 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Acute Oral Toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 425) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 420: Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure. Test No. 423: Acute Oral toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method. Test No. 425: Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure. Statistical Programme (AOT 425 StatPgm). Version: 1.0, 2001. Test No. 402: Acute Dermal Toxicity. TG _ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒ ‫⽏᤟׷‬έள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ‫⽏᤟׷‬έள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ⽏έϮઓⵊጪ↶Ϯ᪒⼆ᐊ᤟ጪ↶෾ં έ὾᢯ ጪ↶ ὆ ૖‫؞‬ϲ ०▊ᶾ ὆ⵢᤊ ࢆ⢮ࢎ ᨆ ὶં ѢЃᾓⵢᅪ ⮷Ϯⵆં ᫊ⷆἪ၊ትЊ὆՞Ἢ၊ࢆ৶᫊ⷆேጪᶾ՞ॻல၊᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲὪ ‫؞‬ϲ ०▊ⵊ૒ ὢഺ ०▊⹆ҫ ⃿ᶾᤊ὆ `ῶⵊ ॻலᅪ Ἆ↮ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ ẗᇒᅪ ᢚẗⵆંҫẞᶾંẗᇒ०▊՞ἲᤒ ⵢᵪⵊ૒‫⺲צ‬᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ὆ⵊᷯⶓ ᏽᢚᇋᶾ૮ⵢӮ␞ⵆ቞᫊ⷆ⃿ᶾᢚᇋⵊேጪἮᕮѮⵆӎ᫊ⷆ⁳Ⴚ᫊‫↮غ‬ ᣋ⁢ⵊேጪἮலᢢⵆᷚᕮѮⵊ૒ ὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽᕮ᫋᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ␦ӎ ὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽᕮ᫋᤟Ἦ⴪ᕮ৶೟ᶾ૮ⵊ՛᥺ᷯⶓἲᆾⵊ૒὾‫᤟ק‬Ἦ⹺ᓣὢ Ϯઓⵊ⴪ᕮ᥾᢯ἲᆾⵆ቞ᕮ᫋᤟Ἦ⁞↯὆ᷯ՚`ὦ᥾᢯ἲἎᐊⵆંѱἲ ὆Ꮶⵊ૒὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽᕮ᫋᤟ᶾ૮ⵊὦ⒢ᏽ᫒ⷆேጪᶾ૮ⵊኖ೎Ϯẗⵊ὾Ⴚ ᕲᅆጪ↶὆Q)Ḯ⴪ᕮҫ၊ᅪ⦣ⵊ‫⁢؞‬὆‫᤟׷‬ள᤟᫊ⷆ೟ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷ϮϮ ⴲẂⵆ቞Ѓᢞ෾ંЃᴺ♪ᆚጪ↶Ѓᢞ⹂ ೟Ἦॻலᶾഞཪ὾‫᤟ק‬෾ં ᕮ᫋᤟ὢὶἲᨆὶ૒὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽᕮ᫋᤟ⵛኗἮӮ␞ఊ὾‫ק‬ᕮ᫋὆ லᅪ ῾ᨆ၊⮷ϮⵊҞӪᅪ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ Ϯ ⴪ᕮ὾‫᤟ק‬ᕮ᫋᤟᫊ⷆ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ⴪ᕮ ὾‫ ᤟ק‬ᏽ ᕮ᫋᤟ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ᫒ⷆேጪ὆ ⴪ᕮᶾ ல⯚ⵊ⺲ᐊᣋⵆં⴪ᕮ὆὾‫ ק‬லᅪ⮷Ϯⵆં᫊ⷆὢ૒‫⁢؞‬὆ᷞ՚ҞӪ ՚⁞`Ἢ၊ ⴪ᕮ ὾‫᤟ק‬Ӫ Ӯဖὢ ὶં ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ⸧Ἦ ⸪ⵗጪᶾ ૮ⵊ ὾Ⴚ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ Ѓᢞ ෾ં Ѓᷪ‫ ᤟؞‬Ѯ↋ఊ ᣋ⒢ Ṧ ᫊ⷆJO WJUSP UFTU ҞӪᅪ ᐂ⣃Ἢ၊⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⴪ᕮᕮ᫋᤟὾‫᤟ק‬ἲ⮷Ϯⵊ⺲ᾎᾚ᤟ὢὶ૒ӎ⫾૖ ఆંҫẞᶾᓦ᫊ⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵎѱἲպӎⵊ૒ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ ૖⹺၊ ᫒ⷆேጪ὆ ⴪ᕮᶾ `ẗⵆӎ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ ᐂᅢ↮ ᴸἮ ᫒ⷆேጪἲ૮⁞՞Ἢ၊ⵆᷚὪ ᫊ϲϲҗἪ၊὾‫ק‬ᕮ᫋὆ லᅪӮ␞ⵊ⺲ ‫ צ‬லᅪ῾ᨆ၊⮷Ϯⵊ૒ல⯚ḲႺ⺲᫊ϲ᫊ϲ᫊ϲ᫊ϲ⺲ᶾ Ӯ␞ఆં⸻ᐆӪᕮ⁳ᶾӮⵊ೟‫׷‬ἲὲ᢯↋᢯ᏽ⴪ᕮᐆἿ⮷Ϯⱊᶾഞཪⱊ၊ Ẃᵫⵆᷚࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ 52) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 403: Acute Inhalation Toxicity. 53) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 404: Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion. TG _[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆ ৶὾‫᤟ק‬ᕮ᫋᤟᫊ⷆ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ৶὾‫᤟ק‬ᏽᕮ᫋᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢᴶ՚ࢆ῾ᆷᶾ०▊ఆᶶἲഺ ࢆ⢮ࢆંᴳᷯⶓἲ⮷Ϯⵆં᫊ⷆἪ၊᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲѢЃⵊேጪ὆ⵊ⊫ᴶ՚ᶾ ⹺ ⨚ᷚⵊ ⺲ ᐊᣋⵆં ள᤟ἲ Ӯ␞ⵊ૒ ேጪ὆ ᴶ՚ᶾ ᫚ϯⵊ ὾‫᤟ק‬ὢࢆ ᕮ᫋᤟ὢ ὶં ѱἪ၊ ᴺဒ↲ ጪ↶ὢࢆ ⴪ᕮ ὾‫ ᤟ק‬᫊ⷆ ҞӪ ᫚ⵊ ⴪ᕮ ὾‫᤟ק‬ὢࢆᕮ᫋᤟ὢὶંጪ↶Ἦᓦ᫊ⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵆ↮ᴸᴲலఊ૒᫊ⷆҞӪં ϯ⁳ὲ᢯↋᢯ἲ‫؞‬။ⵆ቞ᴶ՚ᒿᒮ೟‫׷‬Ӫὲ᢯↋᢯ἲӎဒⵆᷚ⁳ⵗ`Ἢ၊ ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ⴪ᕮӪᏪ᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ⴪ᕮӪᏪ᤟Ἦቢᷛ⒢Ҳᅪ⹊᤟⹂᫊⢚ᨆὶંጪ↶ᶾ὆ⵢᴺ࿶ᅢ‫؞‬ᐆἿἲ Ἆᐊⵆંѱἲ ᆾⵆ቞⴪ᕮ०▊ᶾ὆ⵢᴺ࿶ᅢ‫⴪⓷῿᤟؞‬ᕮᷪ෾ંᴲ⦎ ⴪᤟⴪ᕮᷪ೟ὢἎᐊఎᨆὶ૒⴪ᕮӪᏪ᤟᫊ⷆ὆ኗ`Ἦጪ↶ὢ▗ᕲⵊ ᴺ࿶ᅢ‫؞‬ᐊⷲ᤟ἲϮ↲ጪ↶ὦ↮⹃ὦⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵆᷚᤎ ఊᐗᒃᶾഞཪ⴪ᕮ ӪᏪ᤟ἲ⁞ᢚⵆં୞ὶ૒JOWJWP᫊ⷆᶾᤊᕮ᫋᤟ὢӮ␞ఊጪ↶ὢࢆጪ↶὆ Q)ᶾഞཪ᫊ⷆὢⴲẂⵆ↮ᴸἲᨆὶ૒ ⴪ᕮ ӪᏪ᤟ ᫊ⷆἮ ‫؞‬શ⴪‫צ‬ᅪ ὢẗⵊ ӪᏪ᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃὦ (VJOFB 1JH .BYJNJTBUJPO 5FTU(1.5 ᏽ #VFIMFS ᫊ⷆᒃ5( Ӫ ℾ὆ ՛᥺ ᆪⳲῶἲ ᢚẗⵊӪᏪ᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃὦ-PDBM-ZNQI/PEF"TTBZ--/" ᫊ⷆᒃ5( Ἢ၊ ՚ᕲఊ૒ ӪᏪ᤟ ⵛኗἮ ϯ ᫊ⷆᶾᤊ Ӯ␞ఊ ேጪ὆ ⴪ᕮ ᐆἿἲ ᓢ⃪ᷚં ୞ὢ⤞ᅪ ‫؞‬ᾚⵆ቞᫊ⷆጪ↶ᇒЊጪ↶᫊ⷆேጪ᫊ⷆ⁞ѢӪᏪ᤟῾ᨆ೟ἲ⯚ⵖⵢᵪⵊ૒ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ␦ӎ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ἮὪ෾ંὪேᴶጪ↶ἲᇒὪ⨚ᷚⵆᷚᐊᣋⵆંὪᐆ `ὦள᤟ᷯⶓἲᆾⵊ૒ὢ᫊ⷆᶾᤊં⸃⣊ᣋᆚ`‫؞‬ઓ᤟ᾓ෾ંᨆታ ὲ᢯⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟෾ં⵷ேᒮ⹂೟ὢ⮷Ϯఎᨆὶ૒ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ⵛኗἮ ᫊ⷆேጪ὆⁳Ҳ⦣᤟ᒲ೟ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢḮள᤟⇃⺲ⷶᵏⵇ`ᕲᤋ὾Ⴚ 54) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 405: Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion. 55) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 406: Skin Sensitisation. 56) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 429: Skin Sensitisation. TG _\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᕮѮ᥺Қᒿᆚⵇ`᥺Қ೟ᶾ૮ⵢ὾ᤦ⽶‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒Ϯઓⵊⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢᤊં `૧ⵊ⦣Ҳ`ᨆᒃἲὢẗⵆᷚ⒆ᆚⵊ૒ὪᏽὪᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟᫊ⷆᶾᤊ ०▊ҫ၊὆ ᤎ⣋Ἦጪ↶὆᤟᢯ᶾഞཪҞ ఎᨆὶἪ቞὾ႺϮ⁢ᾚⵆ↮ ᴸંҫẞᶾં᤟᢯ᶾഞཪ᫊ⷆὢϮઓⵊᒂỲᅪ⹃ὦⵆ᫊ᷚⷆἲᨆ⵷ⵆᷚᵪ ⵊ૒ Ϯ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚ ள᤟᫊ⷆὪ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ Ὢ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ ᫊ⷆἮ ᴲ‫ ᤟׷‬ள᤟᫊ⷆὢཪӎல ᕶᆚ቞ ⯚Ἆᅆᶾ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ Ὢϲ ᇒὪ ᐆᓣ ⨚ᷚ⵶ἲ ഺ ࢆ⢮ࢆં ᣋ⒢὆ ‫؞‬ઓ ᏽ ⸃⣊὆ ᒮ⹂ᅪӮ␞ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆὢ૒ҫ՚ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟᫊ⷆ5( ҫ⴪ᐆᓣ ⨚ᷚள᤟᫊ⷆ5( ⽏έᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἢ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ ࢆ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚ ள᤟᫊ⷆὪ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ Ὢ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚ ள᤟᫊ⷆἮ ᴲᆺ᤟ ள᤟᫊ⷆὢཪӎல ᕶᆚ቞ ⯚Ἆᅆᶾ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ Ὢϲ ᇒὪ ᐆᓣ ⨚ᷚ⵶ἲ ഺ ࢆ⢮ࢆં ᣋ⒢὆ ‫؞‬ઓ ᏽ ⸃⣊὆ ᒮ⹂ᅪ Ӯ␞ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ᫊ⷆὢ૒ ᤒ♆ᅆᶾ `ẗఆં ҫ՚ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚ ள᤟᫊ⷆ 5( ᘲᤒ♆ᅆᶾ`ẗఆંҫ՚ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟᫊ⷆ5( ҫ⴪ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚ ள᤟᫊ⷆ5( ⽏έᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἢ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ Ἆῲள᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ␦ӎ Ἆῲள᤟Ἦ %/"ࢆ ᷪᢷ⒢ ೟ Ἆῲጪ↶὆ ᥾᢯ ᏽ ᒮὢᅪ ὪἪ⢒ં ѱἲ ᆾⵊ૒ᒮὢẾ᤟ⵛኗἮᵿ᤟Ἲ᤟὆ҞӪ၊ࢆ⢮ࢢ቞᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣᶾ૮ⵢᤊல ‫؞‬ᾚⵆல။ ⵊ૒᷶ JO WJUSP ᫊ⷆ὆ ҫẞ ‫⃪׎‬὆ ⁳ᅆ ૮ᢚ⹊᤟Ҳ὆ ⁞᤟ ᫊ⷆॻல೟JOWJWP᫊ⷆ὆ҫẞ⨚ᷚҫ၊⨚ᷚẗྷᤎ ‫ת‬ў೟ὢ⯚ⵖఖ 57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines for for for for for for for the the the the the the the Testing Testing Testing Testing Testing Testing Testing of of of of of of of Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Test Test Test Test Test Test Test No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 407: 410: 412: 408: 409: 411: 413: Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-day Study. Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study. Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Non-Rodents. Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-day Study. Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-day Study. TG _]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  Ϯ ᓣ֮஺ᷞᒮὢ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᓣ֮஺ᷞᒮὢ᫊ⷆ5( Ἦᢢኖचཪ‫׎‬὆IJTUJEJOFẂ՚᤟ᒮὢIJTぴ )JT Ḯ૮ᾓ‫׎‬὆USZQUPQIBOẂ՚᤟ᒮὢUSQぴUSQ ᅪ↮ⱊ၊ⵆᷚ῾஺ᷞ ᒮὢQPJOU NVUBUJPO ᅪ ᵪ‫ⵇ⹂ ંⵆ؞‬ጪ↶὆ ᒮὢẾ᤟ἲ ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ὢ ᫊ⷆἮ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ὆ⵊ%/"ᷪ‫؞‬᫻὆♆⹆᢫έҞ᫒ӪӮဖఊ῾஺ᷞᒮὢᅪ␬‫؞‬Ỳⵢ ᨆ⵷ఆ቞᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ὆ⵊᒮὢẾ᤟ᏽⴲᨆᴲᏦ०ᢞἲⵗ᤟ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ‫؞‬ઓ᤟ὢ ᶴં‫⃪׎‬὆⹺ᓣἲ⦣ⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ἆῲ὾஺ᷞᒮὢἎᐊ᤟ἲ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ࢆ ⯚Ἆᅆ ᐞᵿᤦ⯚ᅪ ὢẗⵊ ᷪᢷ⒢ ὢ᢯ ᫊ⷆ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ⯚Ἆᅆᐞᵿᤦ⯚ᅪὢẗⵊᷪᢷ⒢ὢ᢯᫊ⷆἮᐞᵿఊ⯚Ἆᅆᤦ⯚ࢢᷪᢷ⒢὆ ՚⁞`ὢ᢯ἲἎᐊ᫊⢒ંጪ↶ἲ⹃ὦⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆἪ၊⯚Ἆᅆᤦ⯚ᅪὢẗⵊ ᷪᢷ⒢ὢ᢯᫊ⷆ5( Ӫ⯚Ἆᅆᤦ⯚᥺ⵣ᫊ⷆ5( Ἢ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ ૒ ᫊ⷆேጪἲὢẗⵊἎῲள᤟᫊ⷆ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᫊ⷆேጪἲὢẗⵊἎῲள᤟᫊ⷆἮᤒ♆ᅆḮЇἮ⯚Ἆᅆᶾᤊ`ⷶ՚᥺ⵣ ෾ં Ӗᨆ ᷪᢷ⒢὆ ᕲᤋἲ ⦣ⵢ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ᶾ ὆ⵢ Ἆᐊఆં ᷪᢷ⒢ ᏽ Ἆᢚ ᕲᷢ‫؞‬Ӯ᥾᢯ἲ⹃ὦⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆἪ၊⯚Ἆᅆ`ⷶ՚᥺ⵣ᫊ⷆ5( Ӫ ⯚ἎᅆӖᨆᷪᢷ⒢ὢ᢯᫊ⷆ5( Ἢ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ ཪ ▂ϮἎῲள᤟᫊ⷆ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ▂Ϯ`ὦἎῲள᤟ἲᴺᴲᓢ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᨆ⵷ఆં᫊ⷆἮ JOWJWP ⯚Ἆᅆϲᤦ ⯚ᅪᢚẗⵊ6%4VOTDIFEVMFE%/"TZOUIFTJT ᫊ⷆ5( ᏽᣋ᫋ᤦ⯚ᅪὢẗⵊ ᫊ⷆὦ⯚Ἆᅆ Ếᤦ⯚ᷪᢷ⒢ὢ᢯᫊ⷆ5( ᤒ♆ᅆẞ᤟♆ᢚ஺ᷞᒮὢ ᫊ⷆ5( Ἢ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ 64) 65) 66) 67) 68) 69) 70) OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines for for for for for for for the the the the the the the Testing Testing Testing Testing Testing Testing Testing of of of of of of of Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Chemicals, Test Test Test Test Test Test Test No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 471: 473: 487: 474: 475: 478: 483: Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test. In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test. In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test. Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test. Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosomal Aberration Test. Genetic Toxicology: Rodent Dominant Lethal Test. Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosome Aberration Test. TG _^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᣋ᫋ள᤟᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ␦ӎ ᣋ᫋ள᤟Ἦᣋ᫋ဓ΅ⵆᣋ᫋ᤎᶾ૮ⵊᷯⶓᏽ ὾⸃᤟Ծ཮೟ӪЇἮ ᷯⶓ෾ં╊‫᤟⸃؞‬ἲᆾⵊ૒╊‫᤟⸃؞‬ᶾં᤟ᾓᏽᐊ૚὆↮ᷞ὾᥾ᶾᤊ὆ ‫⸃؞‬ᏽ‫؞‬ઓҞ᥾೟ὢⵢ૧ఊ૒ᣋ᫋ள᤟ⵛኗἮᣋ᫋ᏽᐊ૚ள᤟᪒⡚ᆚો ╊‫᤟⸃؞‬ᤦ૮ᣋ᫋ள᤟ᶾ૮ⵢϯϯேጪӪὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢ೟ἲ՚ᕲⵆᷚ ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ ⨚ᷚ՞Ӫ ૮⁞՞Ӫ὆ ӮҲ ὢ᢯὆ ᐊᣋ ᏽ ᫚ϯ᤟ើᆺ ᴲશཪῲ⒢`ὢ᢯ᷯⶓ⹃ὦఊⱊ`‫؞‬Ӯᕶὲὲ᢯`ὢ᢯ᷯⶓᐉἮᣋ᫋ ᏽᨆ⣊ઓဓ⒢⃿ᒮ⹂⮾ᢚᶾ૮ⵊᷯⶓ‫؞‬⢮ኖ೎ள᤟ᷯⶓᶾ૮ⵢ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ Ϯ ᣋ᫋ᏽᐊ૚ள᤟᪒⡚ᆚો ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᣋ᫋ள᤟᪒⡚ᆚો᫊ⷆ5( Ἦᣋ᫋ᏽᐊ૚ள᤟ἲ⓶‫؞‬ᶾ⫾૖ⵆ‫؞‬ Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆὢ቞⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ள᤟ⵇ` ᓢϮў὆ᶴંҫẞࢆᣋ᫋ᐊ૚ள᤟ ᫊ⷆҞӪ὆ᒂỲЀὢ⡞ҫẞᶾலᨆ⵷ఎᨆὶ૒ ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ӪҞⵗఊᣋ᫋ᐊ૚ள᤟᪒⡚ᆚો᫊ⷆ5( ᶾᤊંᣋ᫋ ᐊ૚ள᤟ ᪒⡚ᆚો ᫊ⷆ5( Ӫ ӎ⹆ ᕮӎ⹆὆ ጢѺ ὢṦᶾ ▂Ϯ`Ἢ၊ ᕮᫎ὆ጢѺᅪ ☏ ⵆ቞ ࢊ᥺ ὢṦᶾ ὾կᕮᫎϿ᢯ᤎ὆ ᒿᆚⵇ`ᒮ⹂ᅪ Ӯ␞ⵊ૒ં῾ᶾᤊ␖ὢϮὶ૒ ࢆ ╊‫ ᤟⸃؞‬᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ╊‫ ᤟⸃؞‬᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ ⣊ᴲᐊ૚Ӫ Ӯဖఊ ᣋ᫋ள᤟ ᫊ⷆἲ ὆Ꮶⵆ቞ ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ⣊὾὆‫؞‬Ӯ⸃᤟‫؞‬᢯⣊ᶾὶંὲᫎேጪᶾ⨚ᷚⵆ᫊ᷚⷆጪ↶ὢ ⣊὾὆ᐊᣋᶾᏦ♆ંᾓⵢ⪧⽶╊‫᤟⸃؞‬ἲᐋ⽶‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆὢ૒᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲ ⣊὾὆‫؞‬Ӯ⸃᤟‫؞‬ᶾ⨚ᷚⵊ⺲ᕲᆺ↯ῲᶾᕮѮⵆᷚὲᫎ᤟ᆫᷚᕮ⹗⒢ᨆ ␗᢯ᨆᅪ⁞ᢚⵆӎࢢᕮ‫؞‬ӮἲἏᴶἪ၊Ӯ␞ⵊ૒ 71) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 421: Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test. 72) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 422: Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test. 73) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 414: Prenatal Development Toxicity Study. TG __G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૒ ᤦ૮ᣋ᫋ள᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᤦ૮ᣋ᫋ள᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ᫊ⷆጪ↶ὢᵂ⛥ᏽᨆ⛥὆ᐊ ‫؞‬ԾᏦ ᨆ⣊ ὲᫎ ᕲᆺ ೟ἲ ⯚ⵖⵊ ᣋ᫋ ‫؞‬ઓӪ ὾᥾὆ ᐊ૚ ᏽ ᤟ᾓᶾ Ꮶ♆ં ᷯⶓἲ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆὢ૒⪧⽶'ᤦ૮὆᤟ᾓᏽᐊ૚ᣋ᫋‫؞‬ઓើᆺ ᴲશཪ'ᤦ૮὆᤟ᾓӪᐊ૚ல⮷Ϯఊ૒ ᐊᵂ᤟ ᫊ⷆᐗᒃӎ᫊ ⸦ ᾓ ⵛ␦ӎ ᐊᵂ᤟Ἦ஺ᷞᒮὢ᤟ᏽᘲἎῲ`↋᢯ἲኖా⯚ⵖⵊ०▊ὦ՚↿૖὆⁳ᵿ ᐊᣋ὆ Ϯઓ᤟ἲ ᆾⵆ቞ ⹂⮷ᒃ᢯ᶾᤊ὆ ᐊᵂ᤟ ጪ↶ὢ཮ ᵂἲ ὪἪ⢒ўࢆ ᵂ὆ ᐊᣋἲ ↋Ϯ᫊⢒ં ጪ↶ἲ ᆾⵊ૒ ૮ᕮᕲἮ Ἆῲ`ὦ ᥾᢯Ἢ၊ ὦⵢ ᐊᣋⵆં ѱὢ቞ ↮᥻ఊ ᤦ⯚ ᕲ⹂ ᏽ ᤦ⯚ ࢢᕮ ῲ૚⒢Ҳ ὢ᢯ ೟Ӫ ЇἮ ᘲἎῲ`ள᤟‫؞‬ῲலὶἲᨆὶ૒ ᐊᵂ᤟᫊ⷆ5( Ἦ᫊ⷆጪ↶ἲேጪ὆ῲᣋᵎᶾѦⒾᷞ᥻⨚ᷚ ⵆᷚ ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ ᐊᵂ᤟ Ἆጢᅪ ᐋ⽶‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ᫊ⷆὢ૒ Ế♇`Ἢ၊ ᢚႺࢆ ἺႺᨆᶾ ⒖Ϯⵆᷚ ҫ՚⨚ᷚᅪ ⦣ⵢ ᫊ⷆⵆ቞ _ЊỂ὆ ᷶ᘲ᫊ⷆἲ ўⒾ ૮⁞՞ᶾ ᘲⵆᷚ ல὆ ⒢⃿Ͼ᥺Ϯ ࢆ⢮ࢆ↮ᆺ ⃿ளᶾ ὆ⵊ ᢚᇋἮ ࢆ⢮ࢆ↮ᴸંᵿἲ╊ӎẗྷἪ၊ⵆ᫊ᷚⷆேጪ὆ῲᣋᵎᶾѦⒾ⨚ᷚⵊ૒ ᐊᵂ᤟Ἦҫ՚ҫ⴪⽏έ೟०▊ҫ၊ᶾഞཪ՚ᕲఆᶢ‫؞‬ᾚఆᶢᵪⵆ቞ Ӯ␞ఊὢ᢯᢯⣊, ள᤟↋᢯Ӫ᫊ⷆጪ↶὆⨚ᷚྷӪ὆ӮҲᶾ૮ⵢ὿᤟ⵊ૒. ‫؞‬⢮ᷯⶓ ᫊ఊⵛኗὢṦᶾᫎҫள᤟ቢᷛள᤟೟ӪЇἮὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ὢ ὶંҫẞேጪᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢᏽὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢᅪ՚ᕲⵆᷚϯϯ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ 74) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 416: Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity. 75) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 451: Carcinogenicity Studies. 76) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies. TG _`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆ૖Ҳ`ẗϮઓⵊள᤟Ѐᤎ ὦ⒢ ѢЃᶾ ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᶾᤊ ╊⁳`Ἢ၊ ᘲᐊᵂጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ %/&- ෾ં3G%3G$ᐊᵂጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ%.&-෾ં&3$ᅪல▊ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊં`ẗ Ϯઓⵊள᤟Ѐἲᤎ ⵢᵪⵊ૒ ૖Ҳᶾᤊ⹃ᓢఊὦ⒢Ἆⵢ᤟὾ႺᅪѮ⦎ⵆᷚὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊẗྷᨆ⃮ἲᤎ ⵊ૒ᘲᐊᵂጪ↶⮷Ϯ᫊ᶾંᇒ⒢ࢢ ᣋጪ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ϯᾓ ࢜Ἦ ẗྷἲ ὆Ꮶⵆં /0"&- Ѐἲ ⴲẂ၊ ⵆ቞ ૒ᅦ ẗྷᨆ⃮Ἢ၊ல▊ఊҞӪЀἮ`ῶⵊẗྷᨆ⃮Ἢ၊ᨆ ⵆᷚ`ẗఆᶢᵪ ⵊ૒ ᐊᵂጪ↶ ⮷Ϯ ᫊ᶾં %.&-ἲ ல▊ⵆં ҫẞ ᫊ⷆேጪ ᶾ ⁳ᵿἲ Ἆᐊⵆં ẗྷ ᨆ⃮ἲ ὆Ꮶⵆં 5 Ѐ ෾ં ள᤟ ᷯⶓὢ ૮⁞↿૖ᶾ ᘲⵢ ḮЇἮ⪧ ↋Ϯᕲὢᐊᣋ⵶ἲഺὢᶾⵢ૧ఆં०▊ྷἲ▂ ⵊЀἲ ὆Ꮶⵆં#.%- Ѐἲ⹊ẗⵎᨆὶ૒&$3ᅪல▊ⵆંҫẞᤦҲᓢѢ‫؞‬՚ 8)0 ෾ં Ꮶ՛ &1" ೟ᶾᤊ ӣⵆӎ ὶં ᐊᵂ ᾎᾚဓ Ѐἲ ᢚẗⵆўࢆ ↯῿ẗྷᐆἿ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵊҞӪᅪὢẗⵊ૒ TG `WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૒૖Ҳẗྷᨆ⃮὆ல▊ ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯંᘲᐊᵂጪ↶Ӫᐊᵂጪ↶ᶾഞཪ␖ὢϮὶ૒ ᘲᐊᵂጪ↶὆ҫẞ%/&-෾ં3G%3G$ᅪல▊ⵊ૒ాᐗᒃἮẗᶢᏽ`ẗ ⵆં⮷ϮҲᨆ὆␖ὢᅪ↮શࢆல▊ẾᆚંேὪⵆ૒ᐊᵂጪ↶Ἦ%.&-෾ં &$3὆ல▊ὢኗ`ὢ૒‫⁢؞‬ᶾҲᢞఊ὾ႺϮὶંҫẞᶾં&$3ἲல▊ⵆӎ ᢶၛѺ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪᣋᢞⵆંҫẞᶾં%.&-ἲல▊ⵊ૒ ᘲᐊᵂጪ↶὆⮷Ϯ %/&- ෾ં 3G% 3G$὆ ல▊Ἦ ϯϯ὆ ὦ՚↿૖‫ת‬၊὾ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⹆ҫἲ ⦣ⵊϲ῿०▊೟ ᏽ⪧⽶ᏪϾⵊ↿૖ᶢᆞὢὲᢞᕮ೟ ०▊ҫ၊ҫ՚ҫ⴪ ⽏έ ᏽ०▊‫؞‬ϲ೟ᶾഞཪ૒ᵿⵆѺ⹃ὦⵎⴲẂϮὶ૒०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ⮷Ϯ ҞӪ ०▊ ᨆ⃮ὢ %/&- 3G% 3G$ ೟ἲ ⓶Ӫⵆ↮ ᴸં ҫẞ ὦ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ỳⵢ᤟ὢ`ῶ⽶⦣ ఆӎὶ૒ӎ⫾૖ⵎᨆὶ૒ %/&-෾ં3G%3G$὆ல▊Ἦ⡚Ѻ૒ἺӪЇἮ૖Ҳᅪў♊૒ イẗྷᨆ⃮⹃ὦᏽ὿ẗ‫؞‬὿὆Ҟ ゥḚᐂᅦ᫊὿῾ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯⵛኗᒲ`ῶⵊẗྷᨆ⃮὆Ҟ ウ⮷ϮҲᨆ"TTFTTNFOU'BDUPST"'T ὆`ẗ ሪ΅⮷Ϯⵛኗᶾ૮ⵊẗྷᨆ⃮᷶/0"&-/0"&$#.%-%-$೟ ἲ ⹃ὦⵢᵪ ⵊ૒ ⪧ ⮷Ϯⵛኗᶾ ૮ⵢᤊ ⵆࢆ ὢ᢯὆ `ῶⵊ ᷞ՚ ὾Ⴚᅪ ὢẗⵢᵪⵆ቞ⵆࢆὢ᢯὆ẗྷᨆ⃮ἲ⹃ὦⵢᵪⵊ૒ Ὢᕮ὆ ҫẞ ẗྷ ᨆ⃮ὢ ०▊ҫ၊ ૖Ỳ ᏽ ␖ẾӪ Ӯဖⵆᷚ ०▊⮷Ϯ ҞӪḮ↯῿`Ἢ၊ᘲԾⵆંѱὢᕶϮઓⵎᨆὶ૒ὢ࿞ҫẞᷛ♆ᷯⶓᶾ ૮ⵊẗྷᨆ⃮ἲ`ῶⵊ᫊὿῾᷶ᓢ ఊ/0"&- Ἢ၊ῲ⹆ⵆંѱὢⴲẂ ⵆ૒ /0"&-DPSS ૒Ἲ ऒ Ϯ↮ ҫẞᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆቢ ↯῿ ᘲԾϮ ᕶϮઓⵆᷚ ῲ⹆ὢⴲẂⵎᨆὶ૒ 77) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ(2013), ⹂⮷ᒃ૮ᘲ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲ᤟⮷Ϯⵣ᫚‫؞‬ᨎЊᐊ(II) ╊⁳ᓢӎᤊ. TG `XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ イ᫒ⷆேጪӪᢚེϲᣋጪⵇ`ὢẗϮઓ᤟ᶾ␖ὢϮὶંҫẞ ゥὦ⒢०▊Ӫં૒ᅦ०▊ҫ၊ᶾ૮ⵊேጪẗྷᨆ⃮ὢὶંҫẞ ウᢚེӪ᫒ⷆ०▊⁞Ѣϲ␖ὢϮὶંҫẞ ェ᫒ⷆேጪӪᢚེϲ⸦⽏ᅎ␖ὢϮὶંҫẞ ᆶ↮ᆷ૖Ҳં᫒ ὦ⒢०▊᢯⹗ᶾ૮ⵢ᫒ⷆ὾ႺᅪṦ᢫ⵎഺᕶ⹃᫒ ᤟ἲ ᤒታⵆં ѱὢ૒ ኖ೎ ᕶ⹃᫒᤟ᶾ ૮ⵢ ϯϯ὆ ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ `ẗⵆ቞ ⮷ϮҲᨆ"' ં ૖Ҳᶾᤊ ᤎ ఊ ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ ኖా ӟⵊ ῲ⒢ ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ `ẗⵊ૒ϯϯ὆ᕶ⹃᫒᤟ᶾ૮ⵊᷞ՚ҞӪϮᒲல၊ᶴἪቢὲ὆၊<ⱊ>὆ ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ⹃ὦⵆᷚᤎ⣋ⵊ૒ὪᐆὦἮ&1"ᏽ&6⮷ϮҲᨆ ⃿ᤎ⣋ⵆᷚ `ẗⵎᨆὶἪࢆ὿ᶳ὾ં&1"⮷ϮҲᨆϮഞ၊⁢ᾚⵆ↮ᴸἪᎮ၊&6ᶾᤊ ӣⵆં ⮷ϮҲᨆ ⱊ ᅪ `ẗⵊ૒ %/&- 3G% 3G$ ෾ં %.&- &$3 ல▊ Ӫ ᶾᤊ ῲ⒢ ⮷ϮҲᨆં ᤎ ఊ ϯϯ὆ ⮷ϮҲᨆ೒ἲ ኖా ӟⵆᷚ ᢞ ⵊ૒ <ⱊ>&1"὆ᕶ⹃᫒᤟⁳ᅆᶾഞᅦ⮷ϮҲᨆ ᕶ⹃᫒᤟὆⁳ᅆ ⮷ϮҲᨆ ⁳ϲ૒ᵿ᤟ேጪᶾᤊᢚེἪ၊ ⁳ࢢ૒ᵿ᤟०ᵫ὾ὲᢞᕮ೟ᏪϾ↿૖ӎဒ ०▊‫؞‬ϲᴲᆺ᤟὾Ⴚ὆⹊ẗӎဒ ẗྷᐆἿӮҲ/0"&--0"&-Ṧ᢫ ⁞ ᢯ᨆῲጦϮ`⫾૖ᶾ὆ⵢ▂Ϯ`Ἢ၊ӎဒ ள᤟᫊ⷆῲጦϮ὆ᶦ‫׷‬ὢᶴἲ᫊`ẗ _ 78) http://www.epa.gov/risk_assessment/glossary.htm 79) ECHA(2012), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose[concentration]-response for human health. TG `YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>&6὆ᕶ⹃᫒᤟⁳ᅆᶾഞᅦ⮷ϮҲᨆ ⮷ϮҲᨆ␖ὢ῾ᶾ૮ⵊᤒታ ‫؞‬ᓦЀῲᫎᷯⶓ ‫؞‬ᓦЀ՛᥺ᷯⶓ "4B C D ⁳ϲ૒ᵿ᤟ JOUFSTQFDJFT ⒢⃿૧૮ᢚ἖὆␖ὢ ‫؞‬⢮␖ὢ῾ ⁳ࢢ૒ᵿ᤟ JOUSBTQFDJFT ὿ᶳ὾ Ὢᐆὦ՚ ᴲ‫᤟׷‬ᴲᆺ᤟ E ᴲᆺ᤟ᆺ᤟ ᴲ‫᤟׷‬ᆺ᤟ E ẗྷᐆἿӮҲ ẗྷᐆἿ⮷Ϯ὆ᫎ႞᤟ ᷶ẗྷᨆ⃮὆Ṧ᢫೟ ୞ὢ⤞὆↶ ὢẗ὾Ⴚ὆ὪӮ᤟ᏽḲῲ᤟ ૮⒢὾Ⴚ὆ᫎ႞᤟ ०▊‫؞‬ϲ E a) ᢯૮᤟ᾓ᪒⛮Ὢᆯ(Allometric factor, AS) ὦ὾ b) ⴪ᕮ, ৶ᏽỲᾓӮ὆૖ᨊᆷ⫺Ԣᅪ⦣ⵊᷯⶓ c) ⴪ᕮ, ৶ᏽỲᾓӮ὆՛᥺૮ᢚᅪ⦣ⵊᷯⶓ; ⸦⽏‫؞‬லᷯⶓ d) ⸦⽏‫؞‬லᷯⶓ ᢯૮᤟ᾓ᪒⛮Ὢᆯ"MMPNFUSJDGBDUPS"4 ὦ὾ ં⁳ϲ૒ᵿ᤟ἲᓢ ⵆ‫؞‬ Ỳⵊ ὦ὾ὢ቞ ᫊ⷆேጪ὆ ⒢⃿ᶾ ૮ᢚ἖ἲ ӎဒⵆᷚ ὦ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᘲ⃿ἲ ᓢ ⵊѱἪ၊<ⱊ>ᅪ`ẗⵊ૒ <ⱊ>᢯૮᤟ᾓ᪒⛮Ὢᆯὦ὾ ᫒ⷆேጪ⁳ ⒢⃿LH ૮ᢚ἖WTᢚེ ྆⪦3BU ᆶẞ᪒.PVTF ⵲᪒⤞)BNTUFS ‫؞‬શ⴪‫(צ‬VJOFBQJH ⦎ࡪ3BCCJU Ếᨛὢ.POLFZ Њ%PH * ᢚེ὆⒢⃿Ἦ70kgἪ၊Ϯ ⵖ. 80) ECHA(2012), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose[concentration]-response for human health. TG `ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ %/&-෾ં3G%3G$ல▊ἲỲⵊᨆ᫋Ἦ૒ἺӪЇ૒ ᪋╘㓼Ⅿ⡗ ᕧᇫ ጜ₈⮏ష⶯ = NOAEL corr AF 1×AF 2×...×AF = a NOAEL corr ❛Ⰻ AF * NOAEL : ᇒ⒢ࢢᣋጪ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊϮᾓ࢜Ἦᷯⶓॻல * AF : ⮷ϮҲᨆ, Ϯẗⵊள᤟ ᓢ὆⸃⣊ᏽᵿᶾഞཪ⡚‫؞‬ϮҞ ఖ ᐊᵂጪ↶὆⮷Ϯ Ϯ ╊᥺ᷯⶓᨆ⃮%.&- ὆ல▊ ᷛ♆Ϯ ⁢ᾚⵆ↮ ᴸં ᐊᵂጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ %.&- ல▊Ἦ 〽ᤎ⸃⹂ ᐗᒃ -JOFBSJTFE BQQSPBDI 〾 ෾ં 〽⡞ ⮷ϮҲᨆ ᐗᒃ-BSHF BTTFTTNFOU GBDUPS BQQSPBDI 〾 ἲ ` ẗ ⵆ ᷚ ல ▊ ⵎ ᨆ ὶ ૒ 〽 ᤎ ⸃ ⹂ ᐗ ᒃ 〾 ἲ ᢚ ẗ ⵆ ં ҫ ẞ ᶾ ં 5᫒ⷆேጪᶾ⁳ᵿἲἎᐊⵆંẗྷᨆ⃮ ᅪ᫊὿῾ὲ὆έ ဓẗྷᨆ⃮ ἲᢚẗⵆ቞〽⡞⮷ϮҲᨆᐗᒃ〾ἲᢚẗⵆંҫẞᶾં#.% ἲᤎ⸃Ṧ᢫὆᫊὿῾Ἢ၊ᢚẗⵊ૒ᤎ⸃⹂ఊ῿‫ת‬ᒃӪ૮‫׊‬ኖ⮷ϮҲᨆ῿ ‫ת‬ᒃἲ`ẗⵎᨆᶴંҫẞ1#1,ኖ୦ᆯἲ⹊ẗⵆᷚẗྷᐆἿ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ ⵎᨆὶ૒⮷Ϯⵎጪ↶Ӫὢጪ↶ἲ૮ᢚⵆંᣋጪ⒢὆⽏ᨆᕲ⯚૮ᢚᏽ ᐞᤒᶾ૮ⵊᫎ႞᤟ὶં὾Ⴚᅪ⹃ᓢⵎᨆὶ૒ቢ`ẗẗྷӪࢢ`ẗྷᢚ ὢ὆ᘲᤎ⸃`ӮҲᅪ ᐋⷮ ᤎ⸃⹂ఊ῿‫ת‬ᒃӪ ૮‫׊‬ኖ ⮷ϮҲᨆ῿‫ת‬ᒃ ૮ᫎ 1#1,ኖ୦ᆯἲ⦣ⵊẗྷᐆἿ⮷ϮϮϮઓⵆ૒ 〽ᤎ⸃⹂ᐗᒃ〾Ἦ‫؞‬ᓦ`Ἢ၊⁳ᵿ⸃᤟Ӫ०▊‫؞‬ϲᶾᤎ⸃὆ẗྷᐆἿ ӮҲᅪ Ϯ ⵆᷚ ல▊ఊ૒ ὢ࿚ⵊ Ẃ᥺ં ӎẗྷᶾᤊ ΅ẗྷἪ၊὆ Ṧ᢫ᶾ Ӯⵊ⮷ϮҲᨆ၊ᐆᷯఆ቞ⱊ⃮ᨆታࢢᶾ⪧ ⁞↯ᶾᤊேጪᶾ⁳ᵿἲ ὪἪ⢒ં⒢⃿LH૧ὪὪẗྷἲ὆Ꮶⵆં〽5〾ᅪẗྷᨆ⃮Ἢ၊ᢚẗⵊ૒ 5ં૖Ὢ୞ὢ⤞⯚ὦ⪦ᅪὢẗⵆᷚҞ ⵆ቞᫒ⷆҞӪ၊ࢆḖẗྷӪᐆἿ ୞ὢ⤞ᅪ Ϯ↮ӎ ᤎ⸃ ࢢ᢫ ⸧Ἦ Ṧ᢫ἲ ⦣ⵢ 5ᅪ ᢞ▊ⵆல။ ⵊ૒ ᷶ᅪ ೒ᶢ᫒ⷆҞӪᶢඒ⪧ ẗྷἲ⨚ᷚⵢ⁳ᵿὢᐊᣋ⵶૒ቢ‫צ‬ẗྷᶾ ᅪ ӟⵢ ᐊᣋ ẗྷἲ ՚ⵊ૒ ⅷ ᫒ⷆἪ၊ ᶩἮ ⵆࢆ὆ ẗྷᐆἿ ୞ὢ⤞ЀἲẾ῾Ӫᤎ⸃Ἢ၊ᷞҞⵆᷚẗྷᐆἿӏᤎἲҞ ⵆӎὢᶾഞཪ ὆ ⁳ᵿἲ ᐊᣋ᫊⢒ં ẗྷἲ Ҳᢞⵆં ѱὢ૒ ‫צ‬࿚ࢆ ⁳ᵿ ᐊᣋᅎὢ TG `[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ὢ᢯ὢཪቢӎẗྷὢ⁳ᵿ⸃᤟ἲᐗⵢⵎϮઓ᤟ἲӎဒⵢᵪⵆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ ⁳ᵿ ᕮỲᶾᤊ ↋Ϯⵊ Ὢᐆ ள᤟ὢࢆ ՛᥺ ள᤟ὢ ὢḮ ᷞӮὢ ᶴ૒ቢ ᵌᤊ ᶦ‫ ⵊ׷‬ᐗᒃἪ၊ Ṧ᢫ⵆӎ ᷞӮὢ ὶ૒ቢ ⁳ᵿ ⸃᤟ὢ ঀἮ ẗྷἪ၊ ὦⵢ ΅ⵢఆᶶἺἲ Ṧ᢫ Ӫ ᶾ `ẗⵢᵪ ⵊ૒ 5ં ᤎ⸃ ࢢṦ᢫ὢӎ #.%ં ᘲᤎ⸃ᨆⵇ`ኖ୦ἲὢẗⵆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ%.&-ல▊᫊ẗྷᐆἿӏᤎὢᤎ⸃ ᐆἿὢཪቢ5ᅪ⃪၊ᢚẗⵊ૒ ᤎ⸃⹂ఊ῿‫ת‬ᒃἲὢẗⵎҫẞ↮ ẗྷᓢ ἲỲⵢ%.&-὆ல▊૮᢯ὦ ᘲⵊҲ♆ᐊᵂጪ↶ᶾᤊ὿ᶳᾓӪῲᣋᵎ०▊὆⁞Ѣ␖ὢᅪᐆᷯⵢᵪⵊ૒ ०▊↮᥻᫊ϲើᆺᴲશཪⱊ⃮ᨆታῲᶾ᫒ⷆὢ⁳Ⴚఆંҫẞலӎဒⵢᵪ ⵊ૒ὢ࿞ҫẞᐊҚఊ⁳ᵿ὆ᨆંᨆታἲ૒␲ẞӎ᫒ⷆἲ⁳Ⴚ⵶ἲഺ὆ ∻㔯 ⟜ᠣ ∳❧ ౗⮇ ⟜ᠣ ∳❧ f 2 = ㎳⡗ Ⅿ᧜ ㎳⡗ Ⅿ᧜ ⁳ᵿᨆᓢ૒࢜Ѻ☏ ఊѱὢཪϮ ⵊ૒ f 1 = ὢཪӎⵎഺ ( Dose - des criptor)×f 1×f 2 ၊ᓢ ෾ⵊ5DPSS ẗྷᨆ⃮ἲ〽5〾Ϯᴲ઺᫒ⷆேጪ὆὆⁳ᵿᐊᣋἲ Ϯ ⵊẗྷᨆ⃮ἲ὆Ꮶⵆં〽#.%- 〾ἲᢚẗⵆંҫẞᶾંӎẗྷᶾᤊ ΅ẗྷἪ၊὆ Ỳⵢல Ṧ᢫ ὦ὾ᅪ ૚ᆚ `ẗⵆᷚᵪ ⵊ૒ ᫒ⷆ ҞӪ ᶩἮ ẗྷᐆἿ ୞ὢ⤞ᅪ ⦎૮၊ ᘲⵊҲ♆ᶾ έϯⵊ ᨆⵇ` ኖ୦ἲ ᢚẗⵢ ᶩἮ ୞ὢ⤞ᅪ ⯚Ӳⵆӎ ΅ẗྷᶾᤊ὆ ᷯⶓἲ ྷ`Ἢ၊ ᷶☏ⵎ ᨆ ὶં ⵖᨆᅪ ‫צ‬ဒ ΅ẗྷᶾᤊ὆ Ỳⵢ᤟ἲ ▂ ⵊ૒ ӎẗྷᶾᤊ ΅ẗྷἪ၊ Ṧ᢫ἲ ⵆં ҫẞὪᐆ`Ἢ၊⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵢጪ↶ᶾ०▊ఆંὪᐆὦ↿૖ᶾ૮ⵆᷚ὆ Ỳⵢலᅪ`ẗⵆӎ‫ת‬၊὾↿૖ᶾ૮ⵆᷚ὆Ỳⵢலᅪ`ẗⵎᨆὶ૒ ỲⵢலṦ᢫ὦ὾ં<ⱊ> ᶾഞཪ`ẗⵆ቞〽5〾ᅪᢚẗⵆંҫẞḮ 〽#.%〾ἲᢚẗⵆંҫẞᅪϯϯ՚ᕲⵆᷚ`ẗⵊ૒ <ⱊ>%.&-ல▊ᶾὢẗఆંӎẗྷᶾᤊ΅ẗྷἪ၊὆ỲⵢலṦ᢫ὦ὾ ὲ὆έဓЀῲᫎ⁳ᵿ ӎẗྷᶾᤊ΅ẗྷἪ၊὆Ỳⵢல Ṧ᢫ὦ὾)U-' 5 #.% Ỳⵢலὦҫẞ Ỳⵢலὦҫẞ 81) ECHA(2011), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Part B: Hazard assessment. TG `\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᢯૮᤟ᾓ ᪒⛮Ὢᆯ"MMPNFUSJD GBDUPS "4 ὦ὾ં ⁳TQFDJFT ϲ ૒ᵿ᤟ἲ ᓢ ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ὦ὾ὢ቞ ᫊ⷆேጪ὆ ⒢⃿ᶾ ૮ᢚ἖ἲ ӎဒⵆᷚ ὦ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᘲ⃿ἲᓢ ⵊѱἪ၊<ⱊ>ἲ␦ӎⵆᷚ`ẗⵊ૒ ᷶ᅪ೒ᶢ०▊ఊታ૧ⵊታ὆ᐊᵂỲⵢல ᶾ૮ⵊ%.&-Ἦ ᤎ⸃⹂ᐗᒃἲὢẗⵆᷚ૒ἺӪЇὢல▊ⵎᨆὶ૒ᏽᐊᵂỲⵢல ᨆ⃮Ἦ ‫ת‬၊὾ ᏽ Ὢᐆ ὦ՚↿૖ ϯϯᶾ ૮ⵊ %.&- ᤒ ᫊ ↮ⱊ` ࢢ᤟ Ỳⵢல၊ᓪᨆὶ૒ 10 -5 ⚛ ࿯〗ဋᇫ ⲳ⃣╘㓼Ⅿ⡗ = T25 corr T25 corr = AF 1×...×HtLF AS×25, 000 * HtLF : ӎẗྷ-΅ẗྷṦ᢫ὦ὾ * AF : ⮷ϮҲᨆ, Ϯẗⵊள᤟ ᓢ὆⸃⣊ᏽᵿᶾഞཪ⡚‫؞‬ϮҞ ఖ * AS : ᢯૮᤟ᾓ᪒⛮Ὢᆯ(Allometric Scaling) ὦ὾ 〽⡞⮷ϮҲᨆᐗᒃ〾Ἦ#.%- ἲὢẗⵆᷚ%.&-ἲல▊ⵆંᐗᒃἪ၊ #.%- ὆ᢚẗὢ`ῶ♆ᴸἮҫẞ5὆ᢚẗἲպᾓⵊ૒#.%- ὢⵢ૧ #.%὆ ЀἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ⨚ᷚྷ ૖Ỳᅪ ⵆࢆ ὢ᢯ ᒅᶢࢆቢ 5ᅪ ᢚẗⵆல။ ⵊ૒ 〽ᤎ⸃⹂ ᐗᒃ〾Ӫ὆ ␖ὢ῾Ἦ ᫊὿῾ᶾ ⮷ϮҲᨆ὆ `ẗἲ ⯚ⵖⵆӎ ὶ૒ં ῾ὢ૒ <ⱊ > ᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆં ኖ೎ ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ ӟⵆᷚ `ẗⵆᎮ၊ Ὢᐆὦ὆ҫẞᶾંἲ὿ᶳ὾὆ҫẞᶾંἲϯϯ`ẗⵊ૒ <ⱊ>%.&-ல▊ἲỲⵊ〽⡞⮷ϮҲᨆ〾ᐗᒃᶾᤊ὆⮷ϮҲᨆ ⮷ϮҲᨆ"' ὆⁳ᅆ ῲᫎ⁳ᵿᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬ᓦЀ ⁳ࢢ૒ᵿ᤟ ⁳ϲ૒ᵿ᤟ Ὢᐆὦ ὿ᶳ὾ ᐊᵂ᤟Ӫ ὆‫؞‬Ế ᘲԾ῾᷶#.%5ં/0"&-ὢᴲ૆ 82) ECHA(2012), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose[concentration]-response for human health. TG `]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᷶ᅪ೒ᶢὪᐆὦ՚↿૖ᶾ૮ⵊ%.&-Ἦ૒Ἲᨆ᫋ӪЇὢல▊ఎᨆὶ૒ ⲳ⃣╘㓼Ⅿ⡗ = BMDL10 corr BMDL10 corr = AF 1×...×AF n 10,000 〽1#1,ኖ୦ᆯ〾ἮⵊϮ↮ὢ᢯὆०▊ҫ၊ᅪ⦣ⵊⵊϮ↮ὢ᢯὆ጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ ०▊ἲ ᫊᎚࿶ὢ᥆ⵢ ᓢӎ ὢ࿚ⵊ ጪ↶೒ὢ ⒢ࢢᶾᤊ ⽏ᨆ ᕲ⯚ ᏽ ᐞᤒఆંӪ ἲ՚⁞`�ᨆⵇ`Ἢ၊ᤒታⵆં୞⹊ẗఊ૒ 1#1, ኖ୦ἲ `ẗⵆં ᐗᒃἮ ా Ϯ↮Ϯ ὶં୞ GPSXBSE ῿‫ת‬ᒃἮ `ẗ ẗྷӪ Ӯဖⵊ ᤒ ఊ ०▊ ୞ὢ⤞၊ᕮ⤞ 1#1, ኖ୦ᆯἲ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᢯Ἷⵆં ⱊ` ⁞↯ᶾᤊ὆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ࢢ` ẗྷἲ ᷶☏ⵊ૒ ᐆቢ SFWFSTF ῿‫ת‬ᒃἮ ⷶᵏὢࢆ᥺ᒮ⁞↯὆᫒ⷆᣆ⳺⸧ἮᐂὢḒኖશ⤞ᆯᣆ⳺ἲ⦎૮၊ᶩἮ ࢢ` ẗྷӪ Ӯဖⵊ ࢢᕮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ०▊ ☏ ὾Ⴚ၊ᕮ⤞ 1#1, ኖ୦ᆯἲ ὢẗⵢ`ẗẗྷἲ᷶☏ⵊ૒ὢాϮ↮῿‫ת‬ᒃἲ⹊ẗⵢ`ẗẗྷӪࢢ` ẗྷ὆ӮҲᅪᐋ⾆Ἢ၊᭖ẗྷᐆἿ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶ૒ TG `^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆ ⓶ӪᐊᵂỲⵢல&3$ ὆ல▊ Ꮶ՛&1"ᐊᵂ᤟⮷Ϯં⃪၊΅ẗྷṦ᢫ἲ⦣ⵆᷚ▂ ఊᐊᵂᾎᾚဓ DBODFS QPUFODZ R ἲ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᨆ⵷ఊ૒ ᐊᵂ ᾎᾚဓἮ ૒Ἲ ᫋Ӫ ЇἮ ᐊᵂ᤟०▊ྷᐆἿ⮷Ϯኖ⸃὆ᤎ⸃૒૖Ҳኖ⸃-.4 ᶾᤊR὆ᫎ႞᢯ⵊ Ѐἲ▂ ⵆўࢆ⸧Ἦᤎ⸃ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ὆⿣▂ Ѐἲ՚ⵊ૒ <ᐊᵂ᤟०▊ྷᐆἿ⮷Ϯኖ⸃> ᤎ⸃૒૖Ҳኖ⸃-.4-JOFBSJ[FE.VMUJTUBHF.PEFM 1E FYQ<RRERERLEL > RJBOEJL "E FYQ<RERERLEL >ゖR⾨E 1E ०▊E ᶾᤊ὆ᐊᵂ⹃ᅎ "E <1E 1 ><�G 1 > ᤎ⸃ኖ⸃MJOFBSNPEFM 33⿣⾨०▊ॻல⸧Ἦ33⿣⾨०▊ॻல 33᢯૮ỲⷆᘲSFMBUJWFSJTL ⿣DBODFSQPUFODZ ‫⁢؞‬὆ ὢẗ Ϯઓⵊ ẗྷᐆἿ ⮷Ϯ ὾ႺϮ ▗ᕲⵎ ҫẞᶾં ‫ צ‬ҞӪᅪ ὦẗⵎᨆὶἪ቞⃪၊Ꮶ՛&1"෾ંᤦҲᓢѢ‫؞‬՚8)0 ೟ᶾᤊ⹃ᓢⵎᨆ ὶ૒ ᐊᵂጪ↶὆ ҫẞ ẗྷᐆἿ ⮷Ϯ ૖Ҳᶾᤊ ᢞ ఊ ᐊᵂဓᶾ ०▊⮷Ϯ ૖Ҳᶾᤊ ▂ ఊ ὦ⒢ ०▊ྷ⽏έ ҫ՚ ⴪ᕮ ᤛ◖ ०▊ྷ ೟ ἲ ૒Ἲ ᫋ᶾ `ẗ᫊⢒ӎ&$3ἲᢞ▊ⵊ૒&$3὆Ѐὢᓢ૒⡞↮ᷚᕮᶾ὆ⵢᢚེᶾ ỲⵢẞဒϮὶἲ↮ᅪ⫾ ⵊ૒ ⓶ӪᐊᵂỲⵢல= ὦ⒢०▊ྷ (mg/kg/day) × ᐊᵂဓ [(mg/kg/day)-1] ⓶ӪᐊᵂỲⵢல≥ 10-6 ⇒ ᐊᵂỲⵢᅪጢ᫊ⵎᆺⵊᨆ⃮ὢᴲ૆ -6 ⓶ӪᐊᵂỲⵢல< 10 ⇒ ᐊᵂỲⵢᅪጢ᫊ⵎᆺⵊᨆ⃮ὲ 83) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2006-30⸦「Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ጪ↶ᤎ ‫⃮؞‬, ῶ␖ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ↮♖」. TG `_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⮷Ϯ ᓦ ૖Ҳᶾᤊં ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᾂᅆ᤟ ▃`᤟ ᏽ ள᤟ᶾ ૮ⵢᤊ ⮷Ϯⵊ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ⮷Ϯᶾ Ӯⵊ ⵛኗἮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ேᒃ ᫊⵷ဧ ⁞ ⵛ <ᒲⱊ>὆ ⸦Ϯኗᏽࢆኗᶾᤊഞᅦᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾⵢ૧ⵆં↮ Ҟ ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ὿᤟ⵊ૒ேᒃ᫊⵷‫<♇׊‬ᒲⱊ>ㅯỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὆՚᤟ⵛኗㅰᶾં ㅯ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ⮷Ϯㅰ၊ ታ᫊ఆᶢ ὶἪࢆ ὢ ⮷Ϯં ૖ᨊ⽶ ᾂᅆ᤟Ӫ ▃`᤟ᆺἲ ⮷Ϯⵆં ѱὢ ᴲશཪ ள᤟ல ⵖ‫ ۆ‬ӎဒⵆં ѱὢ቞ ‫ צ‬὾Ⴚં ⹆ҫᏽὦ⒢ѢЃἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾᤊ὆ⵢ૧ள᤟ⵛኗҞӪЀἲ⹊ẗⵊ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟1FSTJTUFODF ὢ཮⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢᕲⵢఆ↮ᴸἮ᢯⣊ࢆ‫`ⵇ⹂צ‬՚⁞ ᏽ ள᤟Ἢ၊ ᓢᴲ Ế྆ ጪ↶Ӫ ⡚Ѻ ૒ᅢ↮ ᴸἮ ᢯⣊၊ ⦎ᵿ�ᨆ↶Ӫ ЇἮ ὾ᷞ⹆ҫὢࢆ ὿ጪᶾ ᾂᅆⵆં ᤟↶ἲ ᆾⵊ૒ ୂ Ḓ྆ ᾂᅆⵎᨆ။ ὦ⒢ࢆ ⹆ҫᶾ०▊ఎ⹃ᅎὢୂঀᴲ↲૒ὢᶾᘲⵢ▃`᤟#JPBDDVNVMBUJPO ὢ཮ኖ೎ ०▊ҫ၊ᶾഞᅦ⹂ⵇ`ᤛ◖὆ҞӪ၊ᨆᣋᣋጪࢢ὆⹂ⵇ`ॻலϮጪᶾᤊ὆ ॻலᅪ⓶ӪⵆંӪ ἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ⵊ⮦ᣋጪॻ▃᤟#JPNBHOJGJDBUJPO Ἦᶢᅆ೟ ᣋጪ὆⁞↯⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ॻலϮᨆ⃿ᶾᤊ὆⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ॻலᶾᘲⵢ᢯૮ `Ἢ၊↋Ϯఆં ѱἲᆾⵆ቞ጪᓢ૒↮ᐗ⃿὆ẗⵢலϮঀἮ᤟ⶓᶾഞཪ ሧὢᢚ᪚὆ὢேᶾ὆ⵊᤛ◖၊⹂ⵇ`ॻலϮ⓶Ӫⵆંѱἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ᷚ‫؞‬ᤊ ▃`᤟Ἦ ᣋጪॻ▃Ӫ ▃`὆ ὆Ꮶᅪ ኖా ⯚ⵖⵊ૒ ෾ⵊ ள᤟5PYJDJUZ ὢ཮ ᢢᴲ ὶં ே⾞᫋ጪᶾ ૮ⵢ ⵢ၊Ả ᷯⶓἲ Ꮶ♆ં ᤟↶ἲ ᆾⵆ቞ ᾂᅆ᤟Ӫ ▃`᤟ἲϮ↲ጪ↶೒૮ᕮᕲ᢯Ỳሧὢᢚ᪚૖Ҳ‫`▃↮غ‬ఆᶢὦ⒢Ḯᣋ⣊ Ҳᶾள᤟ἲࢆ⢮ࢪϮઓ᤟ὢঀᴲ↲૒ ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟ጪ↶Ἦӎᾂᅆ᤟Ӫӎ▃`᤟὆⪧⇃ἲϮ↮↮ᆺᐆೊ᫊ ள᤟὆⪧⇃ἲϮ↶ⴲẂંᶴંጪ↶ἲὪ⛙ં૒ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⮷Ϯ૖Ҳ ⁞⾞ᨆέ὾ં⦒ὢ᢯Ἢ၊ ⁞ᏽᨆέఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵆᷚ᫒☏ ὾Ⴚ෾ં᷶☏὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟⮷Ϯᅪ↲⵷ⵊ૒૖लᶾં ⦒ὢ᢯लᶾં⦒ὢ᢯ल⦒ὢ᢯ल⦒ὢ᢯ल ⦒Ἢ၊ ૖Ҳ`Ἢ၊ ⹃૮ ᫊⵷ⵊ૒ ᫒☏὾Ⴚᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ጪ↶ἲ⫾૖ⵎᨆᶴંҫẞᶾં᷶☏὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵊ૒᷶☏὾Ⴚᅪ⦣ⵢ⫾૖ⵊ ҞӪᶾᤊᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⾞ள᤟⃿ⵆࢆ὆⪧᤟ᶾཪலⵢ૧ὢఆંҫẞᶾં TG ``G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 〽ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ẞဒጪ↶〾ὢཪӎ ᓪ ᨆ ὶ૒ ᫒☏ ὾Ⴚᅪ ὢẗⵊ ╊⁳ ⮷Ϯᶾᤊં ⁮ ୂ ᫚ல ὶѺ ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟ ⮷ϮϮ ὢზᶢ↮቞ ⁳ⵗ`Ἢ၊ ⫾૖ⵆᷚᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ᏽӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟ጪ↶ἲ⹃ ⇁ં૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟⮷Ϯῶ␖ ᫒☏὾ႺϮᶴંҫẞ὆⮷Ϯ ᫒☏὾Ⴚᅪὢẗⵆᷚᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵎᨆᶴંҫẞᶾં ᷶☏὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚᙎᅢӎϲ૖ⵊᐗᒃἪ၊〽ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ẞဒጪ↶〾ἲ ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ ᷶☏὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵊ⮷Ϯᶾᤊં᫒↶`ὦ᫊ⷆᨆ⵷ἲẂ՚ⵆંѱἮᴲશ቞ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ᏽ*5UPPM὆ҞӪ೟὆ᘲ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚ〽ᾂᅆ᤟⾞ ▃`᤟ẞဒጪ↶〾ἲ⹃ὦⵊ૒ TG XWWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  Ϯᘲ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ὆⹊ẗ ᷶☏὾Ⴚᅪ ⹊ẗⵊ ⮷Ϯ၊ ᘲ᫊ⷆ ὾Ⴚᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᾎᾚ` ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟ ẞဒጪ↶ἲ⫾૖ⵊ૒ᘲ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ၊ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ᏽ*5UPPMἲ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ẞဒጪ↶ὲἲ ⹃ὦⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ૮ⱊ`ὦ *5 UPPM၊ં 1#5 QSPGJMFSḮ2 4"3ϮὶἪ቞⪧ *5UPPMᶾ ⵊἲా↮ᴸӎኖ೎⮷Ϯ૮᢯ ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵢ⪧᤟ᶾᇌં`ῶⵊⳲ၊‫ྖצ‬ἲὢẗⵆᷚᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ẞဒ ጪ↶ἲ⹃ὦⵊ૒૒ᆺ*5UPPM⹊ẗ᫊Ἆ‫ⵇ⹂؞‬ጪ↶ᆺὢẗϮઓⵆ቞ӎᕲ὾ ጢ‫؞‬ጪἎ‫ⵗ⸪᥻׶؞‬ጪӪᕶ⹂ጪ↶Ἦ*5UPPM὆ᢚẗὢᕶϮⵆ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ẞဒጪ↶ἲ ⹃ὦⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ૮ⱊ`ὦ *5 UPPM၊ં ᵌᤊ ᶦ‫ⵆ׷‬ᷮೝὢ1#5QSPGJMFS "NCJU95 Ḯ2 4"3Ϯὶ૒1#5QSPGJMFS὆ҫẞ $"4/P෾ંጪ↶὆՚⁞ᅪέဓⵆંѱᆺἪ၊லҞӪᅪ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶᶢᇒẞ Ἆẗⵆ૒ "NCJU95ં᫊ⷆᏽᘲ᫊ⷆЀ೒ἲέဓⵆቢᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟ἲ⫾૖ⵢ⃪ં Ⳳ၊‫ྖצ‬ὢ૒‫צ‬࿚ࢆ⓶‫؞‬έဓЀὢᆼӎᘲ᫊ⷆЀ೒ᆺὶંҫẞᕶ⹃᫒᤟ὢ ⡚૒ӎ⫾૖ⵆ᫊ᷚⷆἲ▂Ϯ၊Ẃ՚ⵎᨆὶ૒‫צ‬࿚Ꭾ၊ᘲ᫊ⷆᆺἪ၊⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵆં૖Ҳᶾᤊᓢ૒ં᫊ⷆ὾ႺᅪᓢἎⵊ╊⁳૖ҲᶾᤊୂἎẗⵆ૒ӎᓪᨆ ὶ૒ 2 4"3 ෾ⵊ *5 UPPM὆ Ὢᕮὢ቞ ጪ↶὆ ՚⁞Ḯ ᣋᆚ⹊᤟ ϲ὆ ྷ` ᢯ӮӮҲᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ጪ↶὆ ⪧᤟ἲ ᷶☏ⵆં ᐗᒃὢ૒ ՚⁞`Ἢ၊ Ἆᢚⵊ ጪ↶೒὆ጪ᤟ᏽள᤟෾ⵊἎᢚⵆ૒ӎῲ ⵆંѱὢᎮ၊՚⁞Ϯᓣᾏⵆўࢆ ӎᕲ὾ጪ↶Ὢҫẞ2 4"3὆ᢚẗὢ`ⵗⵆ↮ᴸ૒2 4"3ἲ⹊ẗⵊⳲ၊‫ྖצ‬ ೒ὢ૒ᵿⵆѺЊᐊఆᶶἪ቞૮ⱊ`ὦѱἪ၊0&$%὆5PPMCPYḮ&1*4VJUFϮὶ૒ -.$὆ủ⮆ὢ↮ᶾᤊ0&$%5PPMCPY ᅪ૒Ả၊ೊᐉἲᨆὶἪ቞2 4"3ើᆺ ᴲશཪ3FBEBDSPTTḮ5SFOE"OBMZTJTல⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ &1*4VJUF ં૖ὪέဓἪ၊૒Ἲ὆᷶☏Ⳳ၊‫ྖצ‬೒Ἦኖా᫒⵷᫊⢚ᨆ ὶἪ቞૒Ἲ<ⱊ>὆᷶☏Ⳳ၊‫ྖצ‬ἲ⦣ⵢᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ᏽள᤟ἲ⹃ὦ ⵎᨆὶ૒ 84) 85) 86) 87) http://www.pbtprofiler.net http://ambit.sourceforge.net/download_ambitxt.html http://toolbox.oasis-lmc.org/?section=download&version=latest http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm TG XWXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟⮷ϮᶾὢẗϮઓⵊ*55PPM⁳ᅆ ᷶☏Ⳳ၊‫ྖצ‬ ࢢẗ 1#5QSPGJMFS &1* 4VJUF 1#5 ,088*/ ḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ #*08*/ Ἆ‫؞‬ጪ὆⸦‫᤟؞‬ᏽⷾ‫᤟؞‬ᣋᕲⵢல #$'#"' ᶢᅆ὆ᣋጪॻ▃Ҳᨆ#$' ):%308*/ Ϯᨆᕲⵢ἖ᏽᐆϾ‫؞‬ &$04"3 ⹃ὦ Ϯઓⵊ ⪧᤟ ᶢᅆள᤟ TG XWYG T 1 # 5 ‫צ‬Ṧ "&308*/ "018*/#JP)$XJO )&/3:8*/ ,0"8*/,0$8*/ -&7&1* .1#18*/4518*/ 8"5&3/5 84,088*/ 870-8*/ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⮷Ϯ‫⃮؞‬ ᷶☏὾Ⴚᅪ ⹊ẗⵊ⮷Ϯ‫⃮؞‬Ἦ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ḮЇὢ`ẗఆ቞ᾂᅆ᤟⾞ ▃`᤟ᏽள᤟὆‫⃮؞‬೒⃿ⵆࢆὢ᢯⦣Ӫⵆቢ〽ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ẞဒጪ↶〾 ὢཪӎ⫾૖ⵊ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟὆ҫẞ*5UPPM⃿ⵆࢆ὆‫⃮؞‬ᆺ⦣Ӫⵢலᾂᅆ᤟ἲϮ↲ጪ↶၊ ὆᫚ⵊ૒ ▃`᤟ல ᾂᅆ᤟Ӫ ᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊ ⵆࢆ὆ *5 UPPM ‫⃮؞‬ᆺ ▗ ⵆᷚல ▃`᤟ἲϮ›૒ӎ ὆᫚ⵎᨆὶ૒ள᤟᫊ᷛⵆࢆὢ᢯὆‫⃮؞‬ἲ⦣Ӫⵆં ҫẞள᤟ጪ↶၊὆᫚ⵎᨆὶ૒ <ⱊ>᷶☏὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵊᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ጪ↶὆⮷Ϯ‫⃮؞‬ ᾂᅆ᤟ ᾂᅆ᤟1 ὆⮷Ϯⵛኗ⁳ᅆ 1#5QSPGJMFS 2 4"3ኖ୦ ):%308*/ ጪ ⦎ᵿ ᐆϾ‫؞‬ ૮‫؞‬ ⧢`⦎ #*08*/Ḯ #*08*/Ӫ Ϯᨆᕲⵢ὆ᐆϾ‫؞‬ ▃`᤟# ὆⮷Ϯⵛኗ⁳ᅆ 2 4"3 ḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ-PH,PX 1#5QSPGJMFS #$'#$'8*/ኖ୦၊▂ ሧὢᢚ᪚ᶾᣋጪ⹃૮Ϯఎᨆὶ૒ં⹃᫒ⵊ↋ў ⷲ᷶ᾓ୞ὢ⤞ ጪ↶ὢ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⁳ᅆᶾ᥻ⵆંҫẞ ᢢᴲὶંᣋጪᶾ▃`ఊ૒ӎᴺဒ↲ጪ↶Ӫ՚⁞`Ἢ၊ Ἆᢚⵊҫẞ 1 ゚Ὢ ゚Ὢ W1 Ὢ Ὢ Ὢ ゚Ὢ Ὢ ᕲⵢϮᙎᅢ↮ᴸἺ⹃ᅎ ╊⁳ᣋᕲⵢ᷶᢯‫؞‬ϲ゚ЊỂЀ ゙Ὢ ▃`᤟ # W# -PH,PX -PH,PX ゚゚ ᷶ #.' ՚⁞`Ἆᢚጪ↶೒Ἦ‫ ▗⃮؞‬ ᾎᾚ`#෾ંW# ╊૮↮ᅲ὆⮷‫׎‬%NBYBWFS ゙읔G ᕲ὾ྷ.8 ゙ ╊૮ᕲ὾‫ئ‬ὢ..- ゙읔 ☏ ఊḓ⢲Ḛẗⵢல04NH- 04゚⾨.8 ள᤟5 ὆⮷Ϯⵛኗ⁳ᅆ ள᤟ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊ Ἆⵢ᤟ ‫᤟׷‬ ᆺ᤟ ᶢᅆள᤟ ጪᒪთள᤟ ⁞ᅆ᤟ᾓ΅ⵢ ᶢᅆள᤟ ጪᒪთள᤟ TG XWZG T -$ ᫊ϲ NH/0&$NH- G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟╊⁳⮷Ϯ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟὆⦒ᨆᒲⵢ૧ⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗᏽ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ ▊ⵛኗἮ <ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ӎᾂᅆ᤟ἲ⹃ὦⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊંᇒ⒢ᒲᐆϾ‫؞‬ϮⴲẂⵆࢆⴲᨆ ᫊ⷆⵛኗἪ၊ંὢᅪ⹃ὦⵆંѱὢᕶϮઓⵆᎮ၊Ϯẗⵊኖ೎ ᓢ᷶‫⁢؞‬὆ ᫊ⷆ୞ὢ⤞*5UPPM▊⫾ጦⶺ೟ ᅪ⦎૮၊╊⁳`Ἢ၊ӎᾂᅆ᤟ጪ↶ὲἲ ⫾૖ⵊ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟὆‫⃮؞‬ἲ▗ ⵎҫẞᶾᆺ▃`᤟ӎ▃`᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯᅪ᫒᫊ⵆ቞ ‫צ‬࿵↮ ᴸἮ ҫẞᶾં ⮷Ϯᅪ ⁳Ⴚⵊ૒ ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ` ⪧᤟ᶾ ഞཪ ᾂᅆ᤟ ᫊ⷆὢ ᶢဣўࢆ ᕶϮઓⵊ ҫẞ ᷶Ṧ`Ἢ၊ ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ᶾ ૮ⵊ ⮷Ϯᅪ ẞᤎ `Ἢ၊᫒᫊ⵎᨆὶ૒▃`᤟ӎ▃`᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵢ#$'Ѐ෾ં-PH,PX Ѐἲ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶં᫊ⷆᒃὢⴲẂⵆ૒ᾂᅆ᤟Ӫᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮᶴં ҫẞϮẗⵊኖ೎ ᓢᅪὢẗⵊ૒ TG XW[G T TG XW\G T ※ ○: ⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗ, ●: ᫊ⷆҲ⹻ᤊ ▊ⵛኗ(ⶓ⺲᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ ▊ⴲẂ) 0&$%5(Q)ᶾഞᅦϮᨆᕲⵢ 0&$%5(ὢᕲⵢ᤟ 0&$%5("_$ ᓦ↶`ᕲⵢ᤟ 0&$%5(⹆ҫўேே⣊▂Ϯ ᓢ ᾂᅆ᤟ 0&$%5(⹆ҫўேே⣊▂Ϯ ᓢ 0&$%5(⹆ҫўேே⣊▂Ϯ ᓢ 0&$%5(⹆ҫўேே⣊▂Ϯ ᓢ 0&$%5(ὢᕲⵢ᤟ 0&$%5(Oḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ ▃`᤟ 0&$%5(ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ 0&$%5(ᶢᅆ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ 0&$%5(ጪᒪთ‫᤟׷‬ள᤟ 0&$%5(‫ૢ᤟׷‬ᨆ⁞ᅆᣋᾓ΅ⵢ 0&$%5(ᶢᅆᆺ᤟ள᤟ 0&$%5(ጪᒪთᆺ᤟ள᤟ 0&$%5(‫᤟׷‬ҫ՚ள᤟ 0&$%5(‫᤟׷‬ҫ⴪ள᤟ 0&$%5(‫⽏᤟׷‬έள᤟ 0&$%5(⴪ᕮ὾‫᤟ק‬ᕮ᫋᤟ ள᤟ 0&$%5(ᐊᵂ᤟ 0&$%5(ᓣ֮஺ᷞᒮὢ 0&$%5(⯚Ἆᅆᐞᵿᤦ⯚ᅪὢẗⵊᷪᢷ⒢ὢ᢯ 0&$%5(᫊ⷆேጪἲὢẗⵊἎῲள᤟ 0&$%5(▂ϮἎῲள᤟ 0&$%5(ᣋ᫋ᏽᐊ૚ள᤟᪒⡚ᆚો 0&$%5(╊‫᤟⸃؞‬ 0&$%5(ᤦ૮ᣋ᫋ள᤟ 0&$%5(ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟Ὢ 0&$%5(ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟Ὢ ⵛኗ <ⱊ>ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ጪ↶὆⦒ᨆᒲ᫊ⷆⵛኗ ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ ㅏ ㅧ ㅏ ㅏ ㅧ ㅏ ㅑ ㅧ ㅧ ㅧㅏ ㅧ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ _⦒ ㅏ _⦒ ㅏ ㅏ _⦒ ㅏㅧ ㅧ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅑ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅑ ㅧ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ _⦒ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅑ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅏ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅑ ㅏ ㅑ 1 1 1 1 1ᏽW1 1ᏽW1 1ᏽW1 1 #ᏽW# #ᏽW# 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ⦒_ ⮷ϮϮઓⵛኗ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ϯӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟὆⮷Ϯ ⁞⾞ᨆέ὾὆⸪཮ἲϾ᥺᫊⢒‫؞‬Ỳⵢ╊⁳⮷Ϯᶾᤊ૖Ҳ`Ἢ၊᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪ ⹊ẗⵎᨆ ὶல။૒ἺӪЇὢ ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ⹊ẗῶ␖ᶾ૮ⵢ‫؞‬ᨎⵆᷮ૒ⴲᨆ ᫊ⷆⵛኗ5( ᶾ ૮ⵢᤊં ᐆೊ᫊ (-1 ‫؞‬Ӯ὆ ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪ ▊ⵢᵪⵆ቞‫צ‬Ṧ⮷Ϯ὾ႺંOPO(-1᫊ⷆ὾ႺᓢἎᷚᕮᶾഞཪҞ ఆӎ ᘲ᫊ⷆ ὾Ⴚ၊ં 2 4"3ἲ ⯚ⵖⵊ *5 UPPM ᏽ DMBTTJGJDBUJPO HSPVQJOH ೟὆ ὾ႺϮᢚẗఎᨆὶ૒ ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ▗ᕲⵊҫẞ ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ▗ᕲⵆ૒ં‫ת‬ўંӎᾂᅆ᤟�ӎ▃`᤟ጪ↶ὲ὆⹃ὦὢϮઓⵊ ᷚᕮᶾ ഞཪ ૚ཪ↲૒ (-1 ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ ὶἲ ҫẞ ▂Ϯ`ὦ ᘲ᫊ⷆ ὾Ⴚᅪ Ẃ՚ⵆ↮ંᴸἪࢆᘲ᫊ⷆ὾ႺᅪᓢἎⵆᷮ૒ቢኖ೎὾Ⴚᶾ૮ⵊ ▊὆ጢϮ ὶ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟὆ ⴲᨆ ᫊ⷆⵛኗᶾં 5( ὢ ὶἪࢆ ὢᅪ ⦣ⵢᤊં ᾂᅆ᤟὆⹃ὦᆺϮઓⵆӎӎᾂᅆ᤟὆⫾૖ἮᕶϮઓⵆ૒ഞཪᤊӎᾂᅆ᤟ἲ ⹃ὦⵎ ᨆ ὶં 5( ᇒ⒢ᒲ ᐆϾ‫ ؞‬὆ ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ ⴲẂⵆ቞ 5( ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮኖా(-1‫⃮؞‬ἲഞཾἲഺᶾᆺӎᾂ ᅆ᤟὆⫾૖ἲỲⵊ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ▗ᕲⵆ૒ӎⵎᨆὶ૒ ▃`᤟὆ ⴲᨆ ᫊ⷆⵛኗἮ 5( ḓ⢲Ḛጪ ᕲᐞҲᨆ ὢ ἎὪⵆ቞ ὢᅪ ⦣ⵢ ▃`᤟Ӫ ӎ▃`᤟὆ ⹃ὦὢ ኖా Ϯઓⵆ૒ ‫צ‬࿚ࢆ ▃`᤟ἲ ⹃ὦⵆં ⒇ல၊ #$' Ѐὢ ୂ ᫎ႞᤟ἲ Ϯ↲૒ӎ ᓪ ᨆ ὶᶢ 5( ᣋጪ ॻ▃ல ὆ (-1᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮὶ૒ቢ#$'Ѐᓢ૒ં-PHLPXЀἲẞᤎ`Ἢ၊⫾૖ⵊ૒ ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮᕶ▗ᕲⵊҫẞ ⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢᤊંᐆೊ᫊(-1᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪ ▊ⵆ↮ᆺӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ ӎ▃`᤟ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫊ⷆᒃ ⃿ (-1 ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ Ὢᕮᆺ ⁢ᾚⵆᷚ ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ ᕶ▗ᕲⵊҫẞϮὢ૖Ҳᶾⵢ૧ఊ૒ᕮ ⵊ୞ὢ⤞ંOPO(-1᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᏽ *5UPPMἲ⯚ⵖⵊᘲ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚ␲Ầᨆὶ૒ ᷶ᅪ೒ᶢӎᾂᅆ᤟ἲỲⵊ᫊ⷆᐗᒃ5(ᇒ⒢ᒲᐆϾ‫⃿ ؞‬ 5(὆(-1᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮᕮᾚⵊҫẞὢᅪ૮⒢ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ TG XW]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⴲẂⵆ૒ 5( Ἦ OPO(-1 ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ ὶᶢ ὢᅪ ▊ⵎ ᨆ ὶ↮ᆺ 5( ὆ ҫẞ ᶢඎⵊ ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮ ⁢ᾚⵆ↮ ᴸં૒ቢ ᘲ᫊ⷆ ὾Ⴚ*5 UPPM ೟ Ϯ ᐆೊ᫊ ⴲẂⵆ૒ ὢῲ὆ ⮷Ϯᶾᤊ ᢚẗఆᶶ୆ *5 UPPM὆ ҞӪᅪ ⯚ⵖⵎ ᨆ ὶἪ቞Ϯẗⵊኖ೎ ᓢ၊ᾂᅆ᤟Ӫӎᾂᅆ᤟ἲ╊⁳`Ἢ၊⫾૖ⵢᵪⵊ૒ ▃`᤟὆ ҫẞ ⴲᨆ ᫊ⷆⵛኗἪ၊ ▃`᤟Ӫ ӎ▃`᤟὆ ⹃ὦὢ ϮઓⵆᎮ၊ ▂Ϯ`ὦᘲ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᏽ*5UPPM὆⹊ẗὢẂ՚ఆ↮ંᴸἪࢆὢᅪᓢἎⵆӎ ὶ૒ቢኖా ▊ⵢᵪⵊ૒ ᫊ⷆ὾ႺϮᶴંҫẞ ᾂᅆ᤟὆ҫẞ5(ᇒ⒢ᒲᐆϾ‫ ؞‬ᶾ૮ⵊᶢඎⵊ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚல ᶴ૒ቢ*5UPPMἲ⯚ⵖⵊኖ೎ᘲ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪὦ ⵆӎῲጦϮ὆Ѯ↋ἲᐉᴲ ᾂᅆ᤟෾ંӎᾂᅆ᤟ἲ⫾૖ⵊ૒▃`᤟὆ҫẞⴲᨆ᫊ⷆⵛኗἪ၊▃`᤟Ӫ ӎ▃`᤟὆⹃ὦὢϮઓⵆᎮ၊▂Ϯ`ὦᘲ᫊ⷆ὾ႺᅪẂ՚ⵆ↮ᴸἪࢆỲḮ ᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊⮷Ϯጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊኖ೎὾Ⴚᅪ ▊ⵢᵪⵊ૒૖ᘲ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚᅪ ὢẗⵎҫẞⵆࢆ὆὾Ⴚ၊ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟ὲἲ⫾૖ⵆંѱἮᇒẞỲⷆⵆ቞ ↋ў὆ Ϯ⃿ᒃἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ኖ೎ ὾Ⴚᅪ ⁳ⵗ`Ἢ၊ Ѯ⦎ⵆᷚ ⫾૖ⵢᵪ ⵊ૒ ᾂᅆ᤟Ӫᣋጪॻ▃᤟᫊ⷆᆺἪ၊ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟‫⃮؞‬ἲ▗ ⵆቢ▂Ϯ`ὦ ள᤟᫊ⷆἲẂ՚ⵆ↮ᴸં૒ ࢆᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟╊⁳⮷Ϯ‫⃮؞‬ ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟⾞ள᤟὆‫⃮؞‬ኖాᅪ▗ ⵶ἲҫẞᶾᆺ〽ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ጪ↶〾ὢཪ ᓪ ᨆ ὶἪ቞ 〽ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ӎ▃`᤟ ጪ↶〾὆ ҫẞ ӎᾂᅆ᤟ ᏽ ӎ▃`᤟὆ ‫⃮؞‬ᆺ ▗ ⵢல ఊ૒ Ỳᶾ ᤒታఊ ᫊ⷆ὾Ⴚ ⹊ẗ ῶ␖ᶾ ഞཪ <ⱊ >὆ ⮷Ϯ‫⃮؞‬ἲ `ẗⵆᷚ 〽ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ ጪ↶〾෾ં 〽ӎᾂᅆ᤟⾞ ӎ▃`᤟ጪ↶〾ὲἲ⫾૖ⵎᨆὶ૒ TG XW^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>ᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟ጪ↶╊⁳⮷Ϯ‫⃮؞‬ ᾂᅆ᤟ P vP > 60Ὢ > 60Ὢ > 40Ὢ > 60Ὢ > 120Ὢ > 180Ὢ > 180Ὢ > 180Ὢ > 120Ὢ > 180Ὢ ᫊ⷆᒃᶾ૮ⵊⵢ૧⦣Ӫ‫␦⃮؞‬ӎ ᫊ⷆᒃᶾ૮ⵊⵢ૧⦣Ӫ‫␦⃮؞‬ӎ ᫊ⷆᒃᶾ૮ⵊⵢ૧⦣Ӫ‫␦⃮؞‬ӎ ᫊ⷆᒃᶾ૮ⵊⵢ૧⦣Ӫ‫␦⃮؞‬ӎ ᫊ⷆᒃᶾ૮ⵊⵢ૧⦣Ӫ‫␦⃮؞‬ӎ ▃`᤟ B vB > 2,000L/kg > 5,000L/kg ᾂᅆ᤟ (P)὆⮷Ϯⵛኗ⁳ᅆ OECD TG 309 OECD TG 307 ᫊ⷆ ὾Ⴚ OECD TG 308 OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD TG TG TG TG TG 111 301 302 303 310 ⵢᨆ Ꮺጪ ᐆϾ‫؞‬ ⦎ᵿ ⵢᨆ⧢`⦎ ᐆϾ‫؞‬ Ꮺጪ⧢`⦎ Ϯᨆᕲⵢ ᙎᅦᣋᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆ ӎἎᣋᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆ ⸦‫ⵆ᤟؞‬ᨆ⒆ᆚኖ὆᫊ⷆ ᙎᅦᣋᕲⵢ᤟ ᐆϾ‫؞‬ ▃`᤟ (B)὆⮷Ϯⵛኗ⁳ᅆ ᫊ⷆ ὾Ⴚ OECD TG 305 ᣋጪॻ▃᤟(BCF) OECD TG 117 ḓ⢲Ḛ /ጪᕲᐞҲᨆ(LogKow) 4.7 < LogKow < 7.6 ள᤟ (T)὆⮷Ϯⵛኗ⁳ᅆ OECD TG 203 OECD TG 202 ⹆ҫ OECD TG 201 Ἆⵢ᤟ OECD TG 210/212/215 OECD TG 211 OECD TG 420/423/425 OECD TG 402 OECD TG 403 ‫᤟׷‬ ᆺ᤟ ள᤟ ᶢᅆள᤟ ጪᒪთள᤟ ⁞ᅆ᤟ᾓ΅ⵢ LC50(96᫊ϲ ) < 1mg/L ᶢᅆள᤟ NOEC < 0.01mg/L ጪᒪთள᤟ ‫᤟׷‬ ҫ՚ள᤟ LD50 < 300mg/L ҫ⴪ள᤟ LD50 < 1,000mg/L LC50 < 2500ppm(Ϯ᪒ ), 10mg/L (↋‫) ؞‬, 1mg (ᕲ↲ , Ꮶᆫ὾ ) ⴪ᕮᶾ3ᕲ०▊᫊⢖ҫẞ , 1᫊ϲὢࢢᶾ ⱊ⴪ᶾᤊ↲⴪‫↮غ‬ԢᢚᅪὪἪ⢒ંጪ↶ ా⁳ᅆὢ᢯὆ᐊᵂ᤟᫊ⷆᶾᤊᵂἎᐊ↋ў ෾ં՛ ᵂᷞ՚ᤪ⤞೟՛ `ὦ ῲጦ‫؞‬Ӯᶾᤊ1‫׷‬ᏽ2A‫ⵇ⹂׷‬ጪ↶ ⽏έள᤟ ⴪ᕮ὾‫᤟ק‬ OECD TG 404 OECD TG 451 5.2 < LogKow < 7.1 C ᐊᵂ᤟ In vitro ᓣ֮ ஺ᷞᒮὢ ὦ⒢ OECD TG 473/485 In vitro ᷪᢷ⒢ὢ᢯ Ἆⵢ᤟ M In vitro ⯚Ἆᅆ ᵿ᤟ OECD TG 476 Ἆῲ὾ᒮὢ OECD TG 474/475 In vitro Ἆῲள᤟ ▂Ϯ In vivo Ἆῲ OECD TG 486 ள᤟ OECD TG 421/422 ᣋ᫋ள᤟ (᪒⡚ᆚો ) R ᣋ᫋ள᤟ (⣊ᴲᐊ૚ ) ὦ⒢ᏽேጪ᫒ⷆᷞ՚ᶾᤊᣋ᫋ઓဓӪᐊᣋᶾ OECD TG 414 OECD TG 416 ᣋ᫋ள᤟ (2ᤦ૮ ) ᴳᷯⶓἲ⃮૒ં▗ᕲⵊ↋ўϮὶંጪ↶ OECD TG ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ (28Ὢ ) 407,410,412 ᆺ᤟ OECD TG ᐆᓣ⨚ᷚள᤟ (90Ὢ ) NOAEL < 10mg/kg/day 408/409,411, 413 OECD TG 471 TG XW_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶ०▊⮷Ϯ ⹂⮷ᒃ ⁞ ⁞ேᒃ᫊⵷‫⁞ ⁞ ♇׊‬ᶾഞཪ ⾞ӎ᫊ఊ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-44⸦ ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛὾Ⴚ὆ ὿᤟ᐗᒃ ᏽ Ἆⵢ᤟ ᫚ᢚ ᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ㅰ ⁞ᶾᤊં०▊⮷ϮᶾӮⵊⵛኗἮὦ⒢ᏽ⹆ҫᶾ ०▊ఆўࢆ०▊ఎᨆὶં⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ẗྷ⾞ॻலᅪ ྷ`෾ં ᤟`Ἢ၊ ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ὿᤟ⵆંѱἪ၊ᤊὪᐆ`Ἢ၊<‫צ‬ᆪ>ӪЇὢ૖Ҳ၊՚ᕲ ఊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>०▊⮷Ϯ૖Ҳ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ Ϯ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒЊẂ ㅯ೟။ᫎ⒛὾Ⴚ὆὿᤟ᐗᒃᏽἎⵢ᤟᫚ᢚᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫ ׊‬ㅰ ⁞ᶾ ᤊં〿०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ&YQPTVSF4DFOBSJP&4 ཮ῲӪ ேᴶጪ↶ἲ ⁞ⵆўࢆ ᢚẗⵆંᐗᒃ ⁞὾෾ંᨆέ὾὆⦣ ᐗᒃ෾ંⵆỲᢚẗ὾ᶾպӎⵆં ጪ↶⦣ ᐗᒃ ὦϲӪ⹆ҫᶾ०▊ఆંӪ ᶾ૮ⵢᷚ࿚Ϯ↮⁞Ѣἲᤒ ⵆᷚ‫؞‬ᨎⵊጦᤊ぀ཪӎ‫ⵆ ׊‬ᷮ૒ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒંጪ↶὆ῲᣋᵎ૖Ҳᶾഞཪᕲᅆⵆᷚ὿᤟ⵆ቞ϯ૖Ҳ ᶾᤊᨆ⵷ఆંẗல ⱶᒂ⃪ᏽӣ ᒂ⃪Ϯᷚ࿚Ϯ↮⯚ⵖఆቢὢᶾӮⵆᷚ ኖా‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ⵊ૒ TG XW`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ὢ࿚ⵊ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં ⓶‫؞‬ᶾં ỲⵢலϮ ▗ᕲ⽶ ⦣ ఆં↮ ⹃ὦⵆӎ ὢᅪỲⵢᨆ⵷ⵢᵪⵆંỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾ૮ⵢ‫؞‬ᨎⵆᷚ⹃ὦఊӮᆚᨆ૖೒ ἲᐆᷯⵆᷚ╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ὿᤟ⵆӎὢᅪᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ὆ҞӪጪ၊⹊ ẗⵊ૒ ᷚ‫؞‬ᶾં ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ᷶ ᢚẗ‫؞‬ϲ ᏽ ᘶல ᢚẗఊ ᵿ Ảᷯ Ḗல ೟ ᏽ ⴲẂⵊỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳᷶՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆෾ં⪧ ⵊ⸃⣊὆ᾓϿ೟ ೟ὢ ⯚ⵖఊ૒ G ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᶾંὦ⒢०▊ᏽ⹆ҫᶾᷯⶓἲἎᐊⵎᨆὶંጪ↶὆ ⁞ ෾ંᢚẗ᫊ࢆ⢮ࢆં⁞♆⮷Ϯ⨢෾ંኖᨆ὆ᢚẗ೟ὢ⯚ⵖఖ G Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾંὦ⒢ᏽ⹆ҫ०▊ᐗ↮⦣ ෾ં΅ϾἲỲⵢጪ↶ ὆ ⁞ࢆᢚẗ᫊லέఆં⪧ ⵊ⁞♆⮷Ϯ⨢ᢚẗኖᨆᒮҫ೟ ὢ⯚ⵖఖ ෾ⵊ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં ྷ`०▊ྷ▂ ὆‫⓶؞‬Ϯఆ቞ ᓢῲ૚὆⮷Ϯ ⨢ὢ ఊ૒ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ЊẂᶾં ᨆྷ⦒ ᢞᶳ`ῲጦ` ẗல ᥺ᘲ὾ ẗல ⱶᒂ⃪ӣ ᒂ⃪ⵊ՛ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆ,4*$ ❂ೊᅪ‫؞‬έⵊ૒ ⵊ՛ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆ,4*$ ❂ೊં⦣Ҳ⒛⦣Ҳᕲᅆ⯚⤦ᶾᤊ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ IUUQLTTDLPTUBUHPLSLTTD/FX@XFCJOEFYKTQ TG XXWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>०▊Ҟ ὦ὾᫊᷶ Ҟ ὦ὾ ᒮᨆ὆᷶Ὢᕮ ᘲӎ ጪ↶⪧᤟ ጪ↶὆᤟↶ ᕲ὾ྷᕲ὾⡚‫؞‬ ᣋጪⵇ`ὢẗϮઓ᤟὆↮ⱊ ӣ ጪᆚ⹂ⵇ`᤟↶ ↋‫؞‬ᵃጪẗⵢல ḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ ὿ᶳᾓᏽ⹆ҫ⃿०▊ Ҟ ὦ὾ ᴶ ᤟ ᣋᕲⵢ᤟Ϯᨆᕲⵢӿᕲⵢ᤟ ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ࢢᕲⵢḮӮဖఊ ०▊ὦ὾ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ⪧᤟ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ὿᤟ⵆંጪ↶෾ં ⱶ὆ῲӪ ⁞෾ંᨆέⵗ᤟⸪ⵗ ⁞ᢚẗ ὿ᶳὢࢆӣ ⸃⣊ ጪ↶ⵗ᤟ጪ↶⸪ⵗ ӣ ᓢ⁞ ၊ᤊጪ↶ᢚẗ ⱶࢢጪ↶ᢚẗ ᢚẗ᫊ϲ⸃⣊ ὿ᶳᢚẗ‫؞‬ϲ ὿ᶳᢚẗᘶல ०▊૖‫؞‬ᾓ‫⸃ ؞‬⣊ ᢚẗ‫؞‬ᨎ`⁞Ѣ ӣ ὆Ꮾ⮾ லḖல1) ὦ⒢ᏽ⹆ҫ०▊ӪӮဖఊ ०▊Ҟ ὦ὾ ⹂ⵇ ⱶ὆⪧᤟ ⱶࢢ⃿ྷᘲ἖⼆ᐊல ᕲ↲⹂ ல ⸪ⵗጪ෾ં ⱶᶾ૮ⵊὦ⒢ ᏽ⹆ҫ०▊ӪӮဖఊ०▊ Ҟ ὦ὾ ᢚẗྷ ᫊ϲ૧෾ં὿ᶳ૧LH⦒ ᫊ϲ૧෾ં὿ᶳ૧ᾎᾚ` ०▊ӪӮဖఊ०▊Ҟ ὦ὾ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆Њὦᓢ⸦ᾓᘲ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲ ⱶ෾ંӣ ὆⦣ⵗẂ᥺ ०▊ὢ΅Ͼఆўࢆᐗ↮ఎᨆ ὶંᒂỲᶾӮⵊҞ ὦ὾ ኖ೎↿૖ӪӮဖఊ०▊ ⹃ὦ⯚Ӳ`ὢӎ`ῶⵊ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᤎ ӣ ෾ં ⱶᒂ⃪ᤎ⣋ ⃪ᒮ⹆ҫ⪧᤟ ⽏ᨆ෾ં⽚ᤋᐞ▊ᶾ Ӯⵊ⃪ᒮẂѢ ᐗ὆⡚‫؞‬ᏽ⹆‫؞‬἖Ѓ὆ Ἆ᥻ⵆᨆ᫊᪒⥊ẗྷ ጪ↶὆ᕲᐞϮᐊᣋⵊ૒ં Ϯ ᶾഞᅦ०▊Ҟ ὦ὾ ᣋጪⵇ`०▊ὦ὾ ⸦⽏ᅎ⒢⃿ ὦ⒢०▊ྷᏽὢᶾ᢯૧ⵆં 1/&$෾ં%/&-ᤒ ᶾ ӮⵊҞ ὦ὾ TG XXXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં૒ἺӪЇἮࢢẗᶾ૮ⵢЊᐊⵊ૒  ⁞૖Ҳ  ӎἎ὆ ẗல, ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ▂Ϯ ӣ‫׷‬ᇋᶾᤊ὆ ᢚẗ ᏽ ᥺ᘲ὾ ᢚẗ ೟ἲ ᘲၝⵊ⹃ὦఊẗல  ⁞ᏽ⹃ὦఊẗலḮӮဖఊ ⁞ᕮ⤞ᢚẗ‫↮غ‬὆૖Ҳ ⁞ᨆέ὾ં ⁞⹃ὦఊẗலᏽ‫צ‬၊ὦⵊῲӪ ૖Ҳᶾᤊ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ ᏽ‫⁢؞‬὆Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾ૮ⵢኖ೎Ϯẗⵊ`ῶⵊ ᓢᅪϮ↮ӎ⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵆ቞ ὢᶾ ૮ⵊ ࢢẗἲ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ՚᤟ ࢢẗἮ<ⱊ>ӪЇἪ቞०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ⸃᫋὆ҫẞᓦ↮♖ᤊᾓῶᶾᤊ ⹃ὦϮઓⵆ૒ <ⱊ>०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ՚᤟ࢢẗ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ૮ⵊϲྣⵊ ኗ ẗல⹃ὦ ӣ ᒂ⃪ ⱶᒂ⃪ ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆ❂ೊ ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታ ⹆ҫ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታ ᥺ᘲ὾ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታ ὿ᶳ὾ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ҫẞ ಒᶾᤊ ᤒታఎ ⹆ҫ⾞᥺ᘲ὾⾞὿ᶳ὾὆ ०▊⮷Ϯ Ӫ ἲ ўⒾ ϯϯ὆ ०▊ ⪧᤟ᶾ ᇌѺ ०▊ҫ၊ᶾ ഞᅦ ०▊ྷἲ ᢞ ⵆᷚ ०▊⮷ϮᏽỲⵢலҞ ᘲ3$3 ᅪḲ᤟ⵊ૒ὢᅪ೟။ᤊᅆ⸃᫋Ἢ၊ጪ↶὆ Ἆⵢ᤟Ӫᢚẗ᫊ᵪ‫؞‬ఎᨆὶંỲⵢ᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢᅪᓢӎⵆӎ3$3Ѐὢ ᓢ૒὿ல။╊⁳`Ἢ၊ᣋ᤟ఊ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ὿᤟ⵊ૒ TG XXYG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ╊⁳ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾં ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ⯚ⵖఆં ⹊ே ᏽ ӣ ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᓢᅪέဓⵢᵪⵊ૒०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ኗἲέဓⵊ⺲०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ⯚ⵖ ఆં ẗல ೟ἲ ⹃ὦⵆᷚ έဓⵆӎ ẗலᶾ ૮ⵊ ӣ ᒂ⃪ ᏽ ⱶ ᒂ⃪ ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆ❂ೊᅪέဓⵊ૒ ⹆ҫ०▊⮷Ϯ὆ҫẞ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታᶾંጪ↶ἲᢚẗⵆંேᴶ෾ં ጪ↶ἲ ⯚ⵖⵆં ᾚࢆ ⱶἲ ᢚẗ⾞`ẗⵆં ேᴶ ӎဒⵎ ᆺⵊ ᐞ▊ὢ Ὢᶢࢆં ᢞᶳ὆ ᕲᅆᅪ ՚⒢⹂ⵊ ᢞᶳᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ*$ ᅪ ‫؞‬έⵆўࢆ ጪ↶὆ ⪧ ⵊ‫؞‬ઓӪኗ`ἲ՚⒢⹂ⵊ⹂⮷ᒃ᫊⵷ဧ ⁞὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᅪ ⹃ὦⵆᷚ‫؞‬έⵊ૒Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾંᢚẗྷ⸧Ἦᐞ▊ྷ ᓢᅪ⯚ⵖⵊ ᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊Ҳᨆ೟ἲέဓⵆ቞ᇒ⒢ᒲỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳3.. ἲ⹃ὦⵆᷚ‫צ‬ᶾ ૮ⵊࢢẗἲ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ૒ ᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯ὆ҫẞ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶᶾ૮ⵊ⹊ேᏽӣ ᤒታᶾં᥺ᘲ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵢ ᢚẗⵊ ኖ୦὆ έဓᒮᨆ೒ὦ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ ⒢⃿Ӫ ЇἮ Ὢᐆ`ὦ ᓢ೒Ӫ⸪ⵗጪᏽḲ ⱶࢢጪ↶὆૖Ỳ↶ྷ૧ቢ`෾ંጪ↶ⵖྷ ⱶ὆ ⸃⣊೟ἲέဓⵊ૒‫צ‬Ṧᶾல ⱶ὆᢯ᤦᤒታ०▊ᶾᷯⶓἲᏦ♆ંᢚẗ ӣϲ὆ ⡚‫؞‬Ḯ ⹆‫؞‬἖Ӫ ЇἮ ‫؞‬⢮ ᢚẗ⁞Ѣἲ έဓⵊ૒ ⱶ⪧᤟Ӫ Ӯဖఊ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾᤊંᴶῲⵊᢚẗἲỲⵊ ⱶ὆ᢚẗྷᢚẗᘶல῿⓷᫊ϲ ᢚẗ᫊ϲ೟ᢚẗ⁞Ѣ೟ἲέဓⵊ૒ ὿ᶳ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯ὆ ҫẞ ὿ᶳ὾ᶾ ૮ⵊ ⹊ே ᏽ ӣ ᤒታᶾં ὿ᶳ὾ ०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᢚẗⵊኖ୦὆έဓᒮᨆ೒ὦጪ↶὆᤟᢯὿ᶳ᫊ϲ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ ᾓ♆ ᢚẗ Ἆጢ ⵢ૧ ጪ↶ἲ ◖‫ ંⵆ׷‬ӣϲᶾ ૮ⵊ ᓢ ०▊ᶾ ૮ⵊ ⹊ே ᏽӣ ᒂ⃪೟ἲέဓⵊ૒὿ᶳ὾ᶾ૮ⵊỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾં⸦⽏ẗᓢ⸦՚὆ ⺖἖ ⹆‫؞‬᢯⣊὆ ᒮҫ ὿ᶳ᫊ϲ὆ ᒮҫ ᒮҫఊ὿ᶳ ӣ ೒ӪЇἮ Ỳⵢ᤟ Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲᨆ⵷ⵊ⁞Ѣ೒ᶾ૮ⵢέဓⵊ૒ TG XXZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὿᤟૖Ҳ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒЊᐊῶ␖ંϮẗⵊ ᓢᶾഞཪ૒ᵿⵎᨆὶἪࢆ⪧ὢⵊ ᢚⵛὢᶴંҫẞὪᐆ`Ἢ၊<‫צ‬ᆪ>὆⮷Ϯῶ␖ᶾഞཪᨆ⵷ⵊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὿᤟૖Ҳ Ỳ὆<‫צ‬ᆪ>὆⮷Ϯῶ␖ᅪᤦᕲ⹂ⵆቢ૖Ҳ၊՚ᕲఆ቞ϯῶ␖ᒲࢢẗ ᏽல▊ҞӪં૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ḮЇ૒ <ⱊ>०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὿᤟૖Ҳᒲல▊ҞӪ ὿ᶳᨆᨊ ҞӪ ጪ↶὆ ẗல ⹃ὦ ‫؞ ⁢؞‬ᶳ ࢢ ᓢᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ ጪ ↶὆⪧ ⵊ‫؞‬ઓӪኗ`ἲ՚⒢⹂ⵊጪ↶὆ẗல὾ Ⴚᅪᕲᤋⵖ‫צ‬૒Ἲ૖Ҳ὆ⵆỲᢚẗ὾ᅪआᶢᤊᤊ ⵆỲ ᢚẗ὾ ᏽ ᥺ᘲ὾ ᢚ ⹃ὦఊ ẗலᅪ ⯚ⵖⵆં ᐗᒃἲ ӎဒ ⵆỲ ᢚẗ὾ᶾ ẗ⹃ὦ ὆ⵢ ᢚῲ ᓢϮ ӣఊ ҫẞ ὢᅪ ⹊ẗⵖ ⱶ὆ ⸃⣊᥺ᘲ὾෾ંӮဖӣ ὿ᶳ⸃⣊՚ᕲ TG XX[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ኖ ೎Ϯẗⵊ◖‫⁞׷‬ ጪ↶὆ ⁞ᢚẗӪ ேᴶ὆ኖ Ѣ ᏽ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ᓢ ᐞ▊०▊ ᨆ⃮ Ӯဖ ᓢᨆ↿ ☏ ὾ႺᅪᘲၝⵆᷚϮẗⵊ ᓢ὆ኗ။ ⱶᶾⵎ૧ఊẗலᏽӣ ᒂ⃪ ⾞ⴲẂⵊέဓ὾Ⴚ⹃ὦ ⹃ὦఊẗலḮӮဖఊ` `ῶⵊӣ ෾ં ⱶᒂ⃪ᤎ ⣋Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᏽ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ`ῶ᤟ἲᘲၝⵆᷚᒂ ⃪ᤎ⣋὆ὢἎᅪ‫؞‬ᨎ ⾞ ૖Ҳ ०▊ྷ ▂ ⮷Ϯ ⨢၊έဓ⹃ὦ ⾞ `ῶⵊ ᒂ⃪Ϯ ᶴ‫ ؞‬ഺ ጦᶾ ⁮ ୂ ঀἮ ૖Ҳ὆ ⮷ϮᅪⴲẂ၊ⵆંẗல ૖Ҳ०▊ྷ▂ ᶾⴲẂⵊέဓ὾Ⴚᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ⓶ ⓶ ‫؞‬ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ὿᤟ ૖Ҳ ०▊⮷Ϯ ⨢ ՚ே ෾ં ०▊ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ૮ⵊ`ῶⵊ०▊὾Ⴚ⹻ೋἲ⦣ⵊ⓶ ⓶ ‫؞‬० ▊ྷ ▂ ᏽ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ ०▊ҫ၊ ᤒ ᏽ ᷶᢯ ० ▊ ᨆ⃮ᶾ ૮ⵊ ẞᤎ` ᷶☏ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦӪ ᶾᤊ Ἆ ⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᅪ ⦣ⵢ Ϯẗⵊ ள᤟ⵇ` ᓢḮ ᷶☏ ॻல ෾ંᴺӎὶં०▊ྷἲᤊ၊ᘲԾ⪧ ҫ၊Ϯ‫؞‬ᨎ ὶં⓶‫؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ⾞ Ỳⵢல ⦣ Ϯ ⹃ὦఆ↮ ᴸἮҫẞᶾ૮ⵊẞᤎ` ЊẂ ⾞ ⃪Ẃ ०▊ҫ၊ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ϯ ఆ↮ᴸἮ‫ת‬ўᶾ૮ⵢታ⹃⽶‫؞‬ᨎⵢᵪⵖ ⓶‫ ؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ Ḳ᤟ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ ҞӪᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ ⾞ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ⁞ᶦ ᏽ ᷚ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ᓢᅪ έ↋ⵎ ᨆ ὶં ҫẞ ὢᶾ ᢯૧ⵆ ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᶾ ૮ⵊ ‫؞‬ᨎἲ ં◖‫⁞׷‬ѢᏽỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲ‫؞‬ᨎⵆᷚ⓶‫؞‬०▊ ⯚ⵖⵊ ⓶‫ ؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪḲ᤟ Ḓ ⪧ ẗலᶾ૮ⵊỲⵢலᅪ⦣ ⵎᨆᶴંҫẞ૖ ⾞ Ϯẗⵊ ᓢᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ Ҳ෾ં‫צ‬ὢ⺲၊↲⵷ⵆ‫؞‬ᶾᵌᤊ▂Ϯ၊ Ծ⹂὿ Ỳⵢல⦣ ᅪέ↋ⵎᨆ ᶳᨆ⵷ὢⴲẂⵖ `ῶⵊẗலϮ⯚ⵖఆᶶં↮Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳෾ં◖ ‫⁞׷‬Ѣὢ `ῶⵊ↮‫צ‬࿵↮ ᴸ૒ቢ ‫ ⁢؞‬Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮ ⾞ ྷ⹂ఊ ᓢᅪ Ϯ↮ӎ ␳ᏽ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢ ӣ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒࢢẗ ὢ ὢⵢ Ϯઓⵊ ᨆ⃮Ἢ၊ ‫؞‬ᨎఆᶶં↮ᶾ ૮ⵢ ⵆỲ ᢚẗ὾೟ᶾѺ⹃ ⹃ὦ὿ᶳἲў♖ ᶴંẗல ⾞▂Ϯ`ẗல ⾞ẗல⁞Ѣᨆ ⴲẂ᤟ ⾞ ‫ ⁢؞‬ẗல ⁞Ѣᶾ ૮ⵊ ᓢ ⾞ⵆỲᢚẗ὾ᶾ὆ⵢᨆẗఊ ⓶‫؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ⹃ὦఊࢢẗᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚⴲẂ᫊▂ ▂Ϯ ᓢ⹃ὦᏽᢚẗ ⾞ᐂ၊૖Ҳ↲⵷෾ં ⾞◖‫⁞׷‬ѢᏽỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮ ⾞ ᵌᤊ ⓶‫ ؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ࢢ὆ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ᏽ ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ Ծ⹂὿ᶳ ␳ Ծ⹂ ⾞ጪ↶᥻᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ Ծ⹂ ⾞ጪ↶᥻᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢ Ծ⹂὿ᶳ TG XX\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▂Ϯ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ ᨆ⵷ ↲⵷०▊ྷ ▂ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ ὦᏽᕶ⹃᫒᤟ᕲᤋ ᏽᐆᓣᷚᕮҞ ⾞ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ḲႺ ᏽ ᫊ ⾞▂Ϯᐆᓣ὿ᶳⴲẂ᤟ ⷆ ᴶᶾ Ӯⵊ έဓ ὦ ⾞Ỳⵢல⦣ Ϯ↋ታఎᨆὶં↮὆ᷚᕮ ὾ ⾞▂Ϯ᫊ⷆ὆ⴲẂ᤟ ᆺᵫỲⵢல⦣ ↋ታᶴὢ૖Ҳ⮷Ϯ⨢὆Ἆᷞ᤟ ὢ ⹃ᓢఆ↮ ᴸἮ ҫẞ ☏ ఊ ὾Ⴚ ෾ં ⁮ ୂ ঀ Ἦ ૖Ҳ὆ ኖ୦ὢ ⴲẂⵊ↮ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ҟ ૖Ҳᶾ ‫؞‬ ⓶ⵆᷚỲⵢல⦣ Ϯέ↋ఊ૒ቢ૖Ҳ၊↲⵷ ⾞ ૖Ҳ ኖ୦ᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ Ỳⵢல⦣ Ϯ⹃ὦఎᨆ ὶં↮ᶾ૮ⵊҞ၎ ෾૒ᅦኖ୦ἲ`ẗⵆўࢆ෾ં☏ ૒ἺἲỲⵆᷚ෾ ὾Ⴚᅪ ᢚẗ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ Ծ⹂ ෾ં Ỳⵢல ⦣ ⾞⁮ୂঀἮ૖Ҳ὆⮷Ϯᶾ ⹃ὦ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ Ỳⵢல ⦣ Ϯ ὢં०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ⪧ ẗலᅪ⯚ⵖⵎ↮ᶾ૮ⵊᤎ ⹃ὦఎᨆὶં↮ᶾ૮ⵊ ⣋ᴶ ෾ં ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ࢢ ẗலᶾ ૮ⵊ ⁮ ୂ ՚⒢ Ҟ၎ `ὦ⁞Ѣ‫؞‬ᨎἲỲⵊᤎ⣋ᴶὢఎᨆὶἺ ०▊ྷ ▂ ᏽ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦᕶ⹃᫒᤟ ᕲᤋ ⯚ⵖ ᶾ ᶾ ૮ⵊҞ၎ ⾞╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ‫؞‬ᨎఊỲⵢல⦣ ᅪ⹃ὦⵆ ⾞ኖ೎ⴲẂⵊἎⵢ᤟ ᓢᶾ ંỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᏽ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ ⾞᫊ⷆὢ ᴶఆᶶἪࢆᴲ↯ὢ⵷ఆ↮ᴸἮҫẞᴶῲ ᤟⹃ᓢᅪỲⵢպӎఆંẗலᶾ૮ⵊࢢᕮ⁞Ѣ ‫ⵊ⓶؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ⾞᫊ⷆὢ ᴶఊ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ⾞Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᶾ‫؞‬ᨎఊѢЃᏽ⹆ҫ`ẞဒ၊ὦⵊ ⾞ ѢЃ ᏽ ⹆ҫ ẞဒᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ ⁞Ѣ ᵫὢ ⁞Ѣ ᵫὢ ᴶఊẗல ⾞ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦἲ╊⁳⹂ⵆ‫؞‬ᶾⴲẂⵊẗலᶾ૮ⵊ⁞ ᴶఊẗல Ѣ ᓢϮⵆỲᢚẗ὾෾ં૒ᅦ ᓢẾἲ⦣ⵢϮ ẗⵆ↮ ᴸἮ ҫẞⅷ ὢ ẗலં ╊⁳ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ᶾ⯚ⵖఆ‫؞‬ᶢဒẮ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒࢢኖ೎◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᏽᴶῲ᤟⹃ᓢ⁞♆ ᅪᷞҞⵆᷚ⦣ ⦣ⵗ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒல▊ ⾞ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ⯚ⵖఊ ϯϯ὆ ẗலᶾ ૮ⵊ ὦ⒢ ѢЃ ᏽ ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵊ ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ ᏽ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ὢḮӮဖఊ०▊ҫ၊‫؞‬ᨎ ⾞०▊ҫ၊ᶾ૮ⵊ◖‫⁞׷‬ѢỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᷯⶓӎ ဒኖ೎०▊ҫ၊ḮӮဖఊỲⵢல⦣ ᅪỲⵊ◖ ‫⁞׷‬ѢỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᤎ⣋ TG XX]G T Ѓ⹂ఊỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ὢ⵷ ἲ ᐆᓣⵆᷚ ╊⁳ ०▊᫊ࢆ ᆚḒḲ᤟ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  `ῶⵊ ҫẞ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ⦣ⵗ ╊⁳ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᢯⸦ ᘲԾ ᨆ⵷ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ᓢ ᏽ ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ὆ Ἆᢚ᤟ᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚᶢඒ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ⦣ⵗⵎ↮Ҟ ᤊ၊ ૒ᅦ ⦣ⵗ ᨆ⃮ᶾᤊ὆ ╊⁳ẗலᏽ०▊ᒂ⃪ ०▊⮷Ϯ὆՚⁞‫؞‬ᨎ ⾞╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾᤊ὆ᴶῲ᤟⹃ᓢ⁞♆Ḯ◖‫׷‬ ⁞Ѣὢ०▊ྷ▂ ӪᶢඩѺᷞҲఆં↮ᶾ૮ⵊࢢ ẗὢታ⹃ⵢᵪⵖ ⾞Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ᫊὿ᕮᕲᶾỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᏽ◖‫׷‬ ⁞Ѣᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫ ⾞Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚࢢ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒḮὪӮ᤟Ἆ↮ ⾞⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲ ᓢ၊⦣ⵗఎ`ῶⵊ०▊ҫ၊ᶾഞ ᅦ%/&-T෾ં1/&$ TG XX^G T ⾞Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚϯᾓ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒࢢẗЊᐊ Ỳⵢ᤟⹃ὦࢢᶾᤊ ⁞὾෾ંᨆέ὾ંጪ↶὆ ⁞ᏽᢚẗἪ၊ὦⵢ ᐊᣋⵆં ỲⵢலϮ ⦣ ఖἲ ⮷Ϯⵆӎ ‫؞‬ᨎⵢᵪ ⵊ૒ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⹃ὦἮ ጪ↶὆ ⁞ᏽ⹃ὦఊኖ೎ẗலᶾ૮ⵢᤒታⵢᵪⵆӎⵢ૧ᢚẗἪ၊ὦⵊ᥺ᘲ὾ ‫ת‬၊὾ᏽ⹆ҫӪӮဖఊኖ೎Ỳⵢᶾ૮ⵢᤊலᤒታⵢᵪⵊ૒⹃ὦఊẗலᶾ ὆ⵢ‫ ׊‬ఊᐂᶾഞཪጪ↶‫צ‬὾⒢⸪ⵗጪࢢ෾ં ⱶࢢጪ↶὆ᢚẗἲ ӎဒⵆᷚ⹃ὦఊẗலᅪ⦣ⵢҞ ఆંጪ↶὆ῲӪ ૖Ҳᅪ⮷Ϯⵢᵪⵊ૒ ᷚ‫؞‬ᶾંጪ↶὆ ⁞⸪ⵗ⁞ ᢞᶳ`෾ં᥺ᘲ὾ᢚẗ೟ὢ⯚ⵖఊ૒ ẗலᶾ૮ⵊὪᐆ`ὦࢢẗ ẗலᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬ᨎἮ&6&$)"ẗல‫؞‬ᨎᶢ᫊᪒⥊ᶾഞཪᢚẗᷯᷛ4FDUPS PGVTF46 ⹂ⵇ ⱶᒂ⃪$IFNJDBMQSPEVDUDBUFHPSZ1$ ӣ ᒂ⃪1SPDFTT DBUFHPSZ130$ ὆ᤦϮ↮Ẃ᥺ᶾ‫ⵊ⓶؞‬૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ẗலᶾӮⵊὪᐆ`‫؞‬ᨎ@᫊᷶ TG XX_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᢚẗᷯᷛጪ↶‫צ‬὾⒢෾ં⸪ⵗጪࢢᶾᤊᢚẗఆંᢞᶳ὆ᒂ⃪ᶾ ૮ⵢ‫؞‬ᨎⵆ቞ЊὦϮ ẗⱶᏽӣӣᾚ೟ᶾᤊ὆ᢚẗἲኖా⯚ⵖⵖ G ⹂ⵇ ⱶᒂ⃪ጪ↶ὢᢚẗఆં⸪ⵗጪ὆⸃⣊ᶾ૮ⵢ‫؞‬ᨎⵖ G ӣ ᒂ⃪ጪ↶‫צ‬὾⒢෾ં⸪ⵗጪࢢᶾᤊᢚẗఆં‫؞‬ᨎӣ ᒂ⃪ ෾ંẢᷯ૖Ỳ⸃⣊ᅪ‫؞‬ᨎⵆ቞०▊ᶾ૮ⵊᷯⶓὢ᷶᢯ఆંҫẞᶾ ⴲẂⵊỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲ‫؞‬ᨎⵖ ⱶᏽӣ ᒂ⃪ં⓶‫؞‬०▊⮷Ϯᨆ⵷ἲỲⵊ०▊ҫ၊૮ⱊ`◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ ᏽỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾ૮ⵊ⹃ὦӪ ᶾ`ẗⵊ૒⓶‫؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾંⵛ᢯ ⪧ ẗல०▊ᶾᷯⶓἲ⃪ંኖ೎Ҟ ὦ὾Ϯ⯚ⵖఆંѱἮᴲશ૒ഞཪᤊ ὢ࿚ⵊҞ ὦ὾ϮЄં०▊ᶾ૮ⵊᷯⶓἲᐆೊ᫊⮷Ϯⵢᵪⵊ૒ ᐞ▊⾞०▊ᶾ૮ⵊҞ ὦ὾ᏽ०▊⮷Ϯ ᐞ▊෾ં०▊Ҟ ὦ὾ં०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὿᤟ᏽӮဖ०▊ྷ▂ ᶾὶᶢ ᨆ↿ఆᶢᵪⵎ⃪Ẃ ᓢᅪࢆ⢮ࢦ૒०▊Ҟ ὦ὾ંጪ↶⪧᤟◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᏽ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ጪ↶὆ᢚẗ෾ંጪ↶ὢᐞ▊ఆં⃪ᒮ⹆ҫ೟ӪӮဖఊ૒ ०▊Ҟ ὦ὾ંẗலᒲ၊૚ཪ↶ᨆὶἪࢆⷲᾚ὆᢯⹗ᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚϮᾓ Ӯဖ᤟ ὶં ⃪ ०▊ Ҟ ὦ὾೒ጪ↶὆ ⼆ᐊல ጪ ẗⵢல ᏽ ᕲ↲⹂ ல ᢚẗྷᢚẗ‫؞‬ϲᏽᘶலỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳೟ ၊՚᤟ఊ૒ ೟။὾ં⃪०▊Ҟ ὦ὾೒ᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ⓶‫؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒЊᐊᏽ०▊ྷ ▂ ೟὆ኗ`ⵆᶾ ᓢᅪᨆ↿ⵎᨆὶ૒ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆‫؞‬ઓᏽࢢẗ ⹃ὦఊẗலᶾ૮ⵊ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒંỲⵢலᅪ⦣ ⵆቢᤊᢚẗఎᨆὶં ⁞Ѣἲ ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ ѱἪ၊ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં ӣ‫׷‬ᇋἲ ⦣ⵢ ᢚẗ὾ᶾѺ ỲⵢலϮ ⦣ ఆં◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᏽᴶῲ᤟⹃ᓢᅪῲ૚ⵆંᨆ૖ὢఊ૒෾ⵊ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં Ỳⵢ᤟⹃ὦࢢ०▊⮷Ϯᏽᴶῲ᤟⹃ᓢᶾ૮ⵊ‫⓶؞‬၊ᐞ▊⾞०▊⸃⣊ᏽ ᨆ⃮ἲҞ ⵆં⃪Ẃὦ὾ᅪᤒታⵊ૒ᷚ‫؞‬ᶾં⹆ҫᇒ⒢૮‫؞‬ጪ♖ῲጪᏽ ⦎ᵿ ⪧ ⱊ`↿૖᥺ᘲ὾෾ં‫ת‬၊὾೟ ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ἲ⦣ ⵆ‫؞‬ᶾ`ῶⵊ ᨆ૖ὢ⯚ⵖఆ቞૒Ἲᢚⵛὢ⯚ⵖఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ TG XX`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ẗல὆◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᢚẗఊᵿ`ẗӣ ᢚẗ‫؞‬ϲᏽᘶல⹆ҫ⁞Ѣ೟ G Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚᏽ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆෾ં०▊Ҟ ὦ὾ ⓶‫ ؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾં ᩫѺ ὢẗ Ϯઓⵊ ⱊ⃮ ᓢᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᫊ᾓ ࢢ ⁢ᾚⵆં ẗல὆ Ὢᐆ` ⁞Ѣἲ ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ૒ ᆺᵫ ὢ࿚ⵊ ẗல⁞Ѣὢ Ỳⵢலᅪ ⦣ ⵆંѱἪ၊⹃ὦఊ૒ቢὢഺ὆⓶‫؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒϮ╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒϮ ఊ૒ ᐆቢ ⷲ᫒`Ἢ၊ ෾ં Ϯẗⵊ ᓢᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷮἲ ഺ Ỳⵢல ⦣ Ϯ ᕶϮઓⵊѱἪ၊⹃ὦఆўࢆⱊ⃮Ҟ ὦ὾ὢṦ὆ѱὢ⃪ẂᷛⵎἲⵆંѱἪ၊ ⹃ὦఊҫẞᶾંỲⵢல⹃ὦӪ ἲᐆᓣᨆ⵷ⵊ૒ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ᤒታⵆં ୞ ⴲẂⵊ ՚⒢`ὦ ‫؞‬ᨎ ᨆ⃮Ἦ ጪ↶὆ ⸃⣊ Ἆⵢ ⪧᤟ ᏽ ⁞὾⾞ᨆέ὾὆ ὢẗ Ϯઓⵊ ᓢᶾ ഞཪ ૚ཪ↶ ᨆ ὶ૒ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒંጪ↶὆૒ᵿⵊӣ ෾ંẗலᶾ૮ⵊ`ῶⵊỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ᏽ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣἲ‫؞‬ᨎⵆᎮ၊૒ᵿⵊᒂỲ὆ӣ ෾ંẗலᅪ⯚ⵖⵊ૒ ᆺᵫ⮷Ϯⵎጪ↶ὢ⸪ⵗጪᶾ⯚ⵖఎҫẞጪ↶὆ẗலᶾ૮ⵊ०▊᫊ࢆ ᆚḒᅪ Њᐊⵊ૒ ҫẞᶾ ഞཪ ⁞⾞ᨆέ὾ ෾ં ⵆỲ ᢚẗ὾ં ⸪ⵗጪ ࢢ ጪ↶὆ ⹃ὦఊ ẗலᅪ ⯚ⵖⵆં ⓶‫ ؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ Њᐊⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ὿ᶳἲ ᨆ⵷ⵎᨆ ὶ૒ⵆᕮᢚẗἲ ⯚ⵖⵆંጪ↶὆ῲӪ ὆ᕮᕲἪ၊ᤊẗலḮ ӮဖఊỲⵢ᤟Ἦ०▊⮷Ϯᶾ⯚ⵖ᫊⢖૒ ⱶࢢጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ҫẞᅪᢢ⮢ᓢቢ ⱶἮ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ⁞᤟ᓢ૒ં‫؞צ‬ઓἲҞ ⵆં⪧ ኖᵿⱊቢ෾ંം὾ὦἲЄல။ᣋᢞఊ ጪ⒢ᅪ὆Ꮶⵊ૒↯ጪ⁳ὢ⳺ཪ᪒⫟Ἆᆚᒿ⢮ὢᶢ೟ὢ૮ⱊ`ὦ ⱶὢཪ ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ⱶᶾ ⯚ⵖఊ ጪ↶Ἦ ↯ጪ ⱶ὆ ᷪᢷᾚႺ ⳺ཪ᪒⫟ ⱶ὆ ᴶႺ෾ં⢮ὢᶢ὆ᴶ ೟ἲ᷶၊೒ᨆὶ૒ὢጪ↶Ἦ ⱶ὆Ἆ⦣૖Ҳ၊ ೒ᶢϮѺఆ቞೟။૮᢯⹂ⵇጪ↶೟။὾ં⹃ὦఊኖ೎ẗலᏽᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ Ӫ ἲỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᶾኖా‫؞‬ᾚⵢᵪⵊ૒ẗல⁞Ѣὢᨆဧⵊ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ ᒂỲᅪ ᒅᶢࢆં ҫẞ ⵆỲ ᢚẗ὾ં ⵢ૧ ẗல ࢢ ጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵢ ὾⒢`ὦ ᴶῲ᤟⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆўࢆⵢ૧ẗலᅪӣ‫׷‬὾ᶾѺᴺဒᵪⵊ૒ ⱶᣋᢞ὾ં ⱶᶾᤊᐞ▊ఆંጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵢ೟။ⵢᵪⵎ὆ጢϮὶἪ቞⪧⽶ⵖἎఊጪ↶ὢ ӎỲⷆ᤟ ጪ↶ὦ↮ᅪ ⹃ὦⵆᷚ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ ᨆ⵷ ᏽ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ⃮ᘲᅪ Ỳⵢ⦣↮ⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ TG XYWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ཪỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚࢢᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ӎἎ ⪧᤟ᶾ ૮ⵊ ⴲẂⵊ ᓢϮ ▗ ఆӎ Ỳⵢ᤟ὢ ኖ೎ ०▊⁞Ѣ ᏽ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾഞཪỲⵢலϮ⦣ ఆંҫẞἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ०▊⮷Ϯᏽᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦᶾ૮ⵊᐆᓣ`ὦᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦῶ␖ᅪ⁳Ⴚⵊ૒ ⁞ ᏽ ⹃ὦఊ ẗலᶾ ૮ⵢ պӎఆં◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ ᏽᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ᓢ⁞♆ᅪ ᘲၝⵊ╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᶾ‫؞‬ᨎⵆӎጪ↶὆ⵆỲᢚẗ὾ᶾѺ ᓢᅪῲ૚ⵢᵪⵊ૒ ᆶỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᐆᓣ ⓶‫ ؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ Ỳⵢ᤟ὢ ⦣ ఆં ѱἲ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⹃ὦᶾᤊ ↋ታⵎᨆᶴ૒ቢ▂Ϯ὿ᶳὢⴲẂⵆ૒Ỳⵢ᤟⹃ὦᐆᓣᨆ⵷᫊⮷Ϯῶ␖὆ ⪧ ↮῾ᶾᤊ ᓢᅪ ᾚ⮷Ϯⵆўࢆ Ծ⹂ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ỲⵢலϮ ⦣ ఊ૒ӎ ⹃ὦఎഺ‫↮غ‬०▊ॻலЀἲ࢜▂‫؞‬Ỳⵢ ⱶ὆ᢚẗྷᢚẗᘶல῿⓷᫊ϲ ᢚẗ᫊ϲ ೟ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᒮᨆ Ѐἲ ᒮ⹂᫊✊ ᓦ૒ ⸦⽏‫ ؞‬ᓢ⸦՚ ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆ ೟὆૒ᵿⵊ०▊⦣ ᅪỲⵊ⁞♆ᅪᷚ࿚ᑶᐆᓣⵆંӪ ἲ⦣ⵢỲⵢ᤟⹃ὦ Ӫ ἲ Ծ⹂ⵎ ᨆὶ૒ὢ࿚ⵊ ᐆᓣӪ ἲ⦣ⵢ⹃ὦఆં◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ෾ં Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳Ἦ᫒ ၊ὢ⵷ఎᨆὶંᒂỲࢢᶾᤊ⁞ ఆᶢᵪⵆ቞ὢഺ Ծ⹂὿ᶳὢ཮૒ἺాϮ↮὆Ꮶᅪ↮઺૒ ⒙⇦Ỳⵢ᤟⹃ὦᶾ⯚ⵖఆં ᓢᅪ Ծ⹂ⵆᷚᢚẗ⁞Ѣᶾ᫒↶`ᒮ⹂ ᶴὢⷲᾚ὆⁞Ѣἲ⁮ୂ ⹃ⵆѺᐆᷯⵆӎ὾ⵊ૒ ె⇦ ᫒ `Ἢ၊ ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ ᏽ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ᓢᴶ ἲ Ծ⹂ⵆўࢆ Њᤎⵆᷚ Ỳⵢ᤟⹃ὦᶾᐆᷯⵊ૒ • Ἆⵢ᤟ ᓢЊᤎ1/&$Tࢆ%/&-3G%3G$೟ἲல▊ⵆ‫؞‬ᶾ ⵊఊ ள᤟὾ႺᆺὢẗϮઓⵆ૒ቢ⮷ϮҲᨆᅪ૚ᆚ`ẗⵢᓦ૒ὢ࿚ⵊҫẞ ▂Ϯ ᓢᅪ ᨆ↿ⵆᷚ὾Ⴚ὆ᫎ႞᤟ἲⶓ᢯᫊⢒ӎ⁮ୂ࢜Ἦ⮷Ϯ Ҳᨆᅪ `ẗⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ‫צ‬࿚ࢆ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ Ӫ ᶾᤊ ⪧ ỲⵢலϮ ⦣ ఆ↮ ᴸં ѱἪ၊ ⹃ὦఆં ҫẞᶾં᷶ ⦎ᵿἪ၊὆ ᐞ▊၊ ὦⵢ ỲⵢலϮᐊᣋⵆંҫẞ ⵢ૧⪧ ள᤟὾Ⴚᅪ▂Ϯ၊ᨆ↿ⵢᵪⵊ૒ • ०▊ ᓢЊᤎⴲẂⵊҫẞέဓ὾Ⴚጪ↶὆⪧᤟ᐞ▊୞ὢ⤞०▊ ኖ୦᷶☏ҞӪ೟ ᅪᨆ ෾ંЊᤎⵆᷚᐆᓣ὿ᶳἲᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶ૒ TG XYXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ • ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢЊᤎ◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ᷶὿ᶳ᫊ϲᏽᘶல೟ ⁞ ἲ ⦣ⵢ ⷲ ᢯⹗ᶾ ᕮⵗⵆல။ Ծ⹂ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒᷶ ὲ὆၊ ὪὪ ᫊ϲ Ծ૮‫ת‬ጢ၊Ϯ ⵆᷮἪࢆ᫒ ၊ંὪὪ᫊ϲ‫ת‬ጢ၊⹃ὦ • ᴶῲ᤟⹃ᓢᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢЊᤎὢ⵷ఆӎպᾓఆંỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾ ૮ⵢϮẗⵊ ᓢᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ⓶‫؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ՚᤟ⵊ૒‫צ‬࿚Ꭾ၊ ०▊ὢ ᷚῲ⽶ Ỳⵢ὆ ᾎᾚ᤟ὢ ὶ૒ӎ ࢆ⢮ࢆં ҫẞ ⁮ ୂ ᶲҗⵊ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲ `ẗⵆᷚ ࢜▊ ᨆ ὶ૒ Ὢᕮ ⁞Ѣἲ ⦣ⵢ Ỳⵢ᤟ Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᓢᅪ Њᤎⵎ ᨆல ὶ૒ ὢ⵷ఊ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳὆ ⺖἖ἲὲ὆၊Ϯ ⵊᨆ⃮ᓢ૒⁮ୂঀἮѱἪ၊↋ታⵆӎὢᅪ‫؞‬ᨎ ⵆўࢆ ⷲᾓ ⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚ ೟Ӫ Їὢ ⁢ᾚⵆ↮ ᴸં Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲ ▂Ϯⵆўࢆ෾ં⹂ⵇጪ↶ӣ ἲᏮ⮾Ҳ෾ંᨊ⹆ὢᾆఆંӣ Ἢ၊ ᒮҫ⾞Њᤎⵆં ᐗᒃ ೟ὢ ὶ૒ Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ ૖ᨊ⽶ Њὦᓢ⸦ᾓᘲᅪ Њᤎⵆંѱᓢ૒ં⁮ୂᴶῲⵊ૮ᴶ෾ંӣ ‫؞‬ᨎ`⦣ ᨆ૖೟ἲ லέⵆંѱὢୂẞᤎ᫊ఆંỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾⵢ૧ఊ૒ ⮷Ϯ૖Ҳᶾഞཪᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦἲỲⵢ`ẗϮઓⵊ⺖Ӫ`ὦᐗᒃἮ␖ὢϮ ὶ૒Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊Ϯᾓᫎ᥻ⵆӎᘲẗ`Ἢ၊⺖Ӫ`ὦᐗᒃἮ⮷Ϯ὆०▊ᏽ ᴶῲ᤟⹃ᓢᶾ૮ⵊϮ ἲ⁞ ⵆંѱὢ૒ᆺᵫ⓶‫؞‬Ἆⵢ᤟෾ં०▊ ᓢϮ Њᤎఆӎ՚⒢`ὦ ᓢᶾ὆ⵢ૮⒢ఎᨆὶ૒ቢ▂Ϯ᫊ⷆὢࢆ▂ϮỲⵢ᤟ Ӯᆚ૮␳ὢ ⴲẂⵆ↮ ᴸἲ ᨆ ὶ૒ Ὢ૖ Ϯẗⵊ ὾Ⴚᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᐆᓣ`ὦ ὿ᶳἲᨆ⵷ⵆўࢆ▂Ϯ०▊ ᓢᅪᨆ↿ⵆᷚ`ẗⵆંѱὢ╊ᤎ὆ᐗᒃὢཪ ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ෾ⵊ ▗ᕲⵊ ०▊ ᓢϮ `ẗఊ ҫẞ ⁮ ୂ Ծⵊ ०▊ኖ୦ἲ `ẗⵆᷚ०▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ TG XYYG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⹆ҫ०▊⮷Ϯ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ◖‫ ંⵆ׷‬Ӫ ᶾᤊ ⹆ҫἪ၊὆ ᐞ▊Ἦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᣋᢞ ⁞ ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗЊὦ`ᢚẗᤊᘲ᪒ᣋᵎ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ὆ῲᣋᵎ૖Ҳᶾᤊᐊᣋ ⵎᨆὶ૒⹆ҫἪ၊὆ᐞ▊ἲ᷶☏ⵆંᐗᒃἮ⡚Ѻᶳ⁳Ӫẗலᅪ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊ ᫊ఊ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ ⹊ẗⵆં ᐗᒃӪ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ◖‫ ંⵆ׷‬ӣ ೟὆ ᓢᅪ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚ ↯῿ ᐞ▊ྷἲ ᢞ ⵆં ᐗᒃὢ ὶ૒ ὢḮ Їὢ ᷶☏ ෾ં ↯῿ ☏ ἲ⦣ⵆᷚᶩᶢ↲ᐞ▊ྷἲỲⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᵿ᫋ᶾ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ ϯϯ὆ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ഞᅦ ՛↮` ᐞ▊ྷӪ ῲ՛ ᐞ▊ྷἲ ᇒ⒢ᒲ૮‫ ؞‬ᨆҲ ⦎ᵿ ၊‫؞‬έⵆӎ᷶☏Ѐὦ↮ᴲશቢ↯῿☏ ἲ⦣ⵊЀὦ↮ᶾ૮ⵢ‫ת‬ў ཮ᶾ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ⵢ૧ᐞ▊ྷЀἲᐂ⣃Ἢ၊⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞኖ ⸃՚ேἲ⦣ⵢ՛↮`⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏०▊ॻலᅪᢞ ⵆᷚЀἲ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ Ϯ⹆ҫᐞ▊᷶☏ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ◖‫ંⵆ׷‬Ӫ ᶾᤊᐊᣋⵆંῲ՛ᐞ▊ྷἲ ᷶☏ⵆંᐗᒃἮ⡚Ѻ&6ᶾᤊ ӣⵆંᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ⹊ẗⵆંᐗᒃӪὪᓦᶾᤊ ӣⵆંᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ⹊ẗⵆંᐗᒃ೟ὢὶ૒ⵊ⮦↮ᷛ૖Ỳ὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ◖‫ંⵆ׷‬Ӫ ᶾᤊᐊᣋⵆં՛↮`ᐞ▊ྷ᷶☏ᐗᒃἪ၊ં&6ᶾᤊ ӣⵆં ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ⹊ẗⵆંᐗᒃӪ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᐞ▊ྷ⁞ᢚᶾᤊ ӣⵆંᢞ ↮♖ἲ ⹊ẗⵆંᐗᒃ೟ὢὶ૒ϯ᷶☏ᐗᒃἲ⁮ୂ᢯ᤦ⽶ᢢ⮢ᓢቢ૒ἺӪЇ૒ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫᐞ▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵆંᐗᒃἮ &6὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᶳ⁳ᏽẗ லᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ⹊ẗ Ὢᓦ὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ⹊ẗ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪ᅪ ⹊ẗⵆંᐗᒃὢὶ૒ Ӫ ὆ᐗᒃἮϯϯᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᅪ⹃ὦⵆӎҞ ὦ ὾ᶾഞᅦᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ⹃ὦⵊὢ⺲ᶾᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᶾᇌંᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ` ẗⵆᷚᢞ ⵊ૒ ὆ᐗᒃἮ⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪ᅪ⹃ὦⵆᷚ╊ᴳ὆ҫẞ╊૮ᐞ ▊ྷ ᅪϮ ⵆᷚϲ૖ⵆѺᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ᘲ἖ᶾഞᅦᐞ▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ ૒ ↮ᷛ‫׊‬ኖ὆՛↮`⹆ҫᐞ▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵆંᐗᒃἮ &6὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ⹂ⵇ ጪ↶ ᐞ▊ྷ ⁞ᢚ ‫؞‬ᒃἲ ⹊ẗⵆં ᐗᒃὢ ὶ૒ ϯ ૖Ҳં ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ⹆ҫ ᐞ▊ྷἲ ᷶☏ⵆં ᐗᒃӪ ேὪⵆ૒ ⷲᾚં Ṧ՛὆ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ ⹊ẗⵢᵪ ⵆࢆ ⶓ⺲՛ࢢᶳ⁳Ӫẗல⒢Ҳᅪӎဒⵊᐞ▊ҲᨆϮЊᐊఆᶢ ӣఎ᷶ ὢ૒ TG XYZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫᐞ▊᷶☏ᐗᒃ Ϯ ᶳ⁳ᏽẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ೟ᶾഞᅦᐞ▊Ҳᨆ⹊ẗᐗᒃ ᶳ⁳ᏽẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ೟ἲ⃿᫚Ἢ၊&6ᶾᤊ ӣⵆં⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⹆ҫ ᐞ▊ἲ ᷶☏ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ⮷Ϯ ῶ␖ᶾ ഞཪ ⃪Ẃ ᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ.BJO DBUFHPSZ .$ ᢞᶳᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ*OEVTUSZDBUFHPSZ*$ ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ6TFDBUFHPSZ6$ ὆ᕲᅆ ⒢Ҳᅪ⹃ὦⵆӎҞ ὦ὾ᅪ⹃ὦⵊ⺲ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ⹃ᓢⵆᷚᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ྷἲ ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>⹆ҫᐞ▊᷶☏૖Ҳ ૖Ҳ⃪Ẃᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ⹃ὦ ⃪Ẃ ᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ.$ ં ጪ↶὆ ᢚẗӪ ०▊ Ӯဖ᤟὆ Ὢᐆ`ὦ ᤒታἲ ӣⵊ૒⹆ҫỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾὶᶢᤊ⃪Ẃⵊ♢⤺ӎᆚંጪ↶὆ᣋᢞ૖Ҳ ⸪ⵗ⁞ ૖Ҳ ᏽ ӣ ૖Ҳ ೟ ῲ ᣋᵎ὆ ՚⒢`ὦ ૖Ҳ ேᴶ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ ᷶☏ἲỲⵊᐞ▊ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆⪧᤟ἲ‫؞‬ᨎⵆં୞ᢚẗఊ૒ϯ.$ᶾ૮ⵊ ᤒታἮ<ⱊ>ḮЇ૒ TG XY[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  イ.$*Ꮾ⮾ӣ ᶾᤊᢚẗ ᢚӎὢṦᶾὦ⒢०▊ᏽ⹆ҫḒᷪϮઓ᤟ὢᶴἺ᷶Ꮾ⮾ఊᷞ᥻ӣ ᶾ ᢚẗఆўࢆ⃿ϲ⒢ϮᐆἿ⁞ᏽⵢ૧ᤒᘲࢢᶾᤊ ⵊ`Ἢ၊ᢚẗఆ቞ᕲᆚఊ ⃿ϲ⒢ંⷲᾓ΅ᾓఆўࢆ ᶢఊ⁞Ѣⵆᶾᤊὢᦏ ゥ.$** ⱶࢢᕮ෾ંⱊቢ὆ⵖἎጪ၊᭖ᢚẗ ጪ↶ὢ ⱶὢࢆ Ḳ ⱶἪ၊ ⸪έఆᶢ ⹆ҫ ⃿ ᐞ▊ὢ ᐊᣋⵆ↮ ᴸўࢆ ὿ᶳᾓࢢᶾᤊ ०▊ὢᾎᾚ`Ἢ၊⃲ᶢೊંѱ᷶⳺ཪ᪒⫟ࢢϮ᥺ ⳺ཪ ᪒⫟ὢࢆᤚἎᶾᤊᷪႺ෾ંᢷ᥺೟὆⒖Ϯ ❂⫳ጪ↶ࢢ⓷ᇒ⸪ⵗ⁞ ૖Ҳᶾᤊጪ↶ὢᢚ↲ⴲᅲ὆ᶾሮ‪☣ᶾ⯚ⵖఆંҫẞ෾ંϮӣ૖Ҳᶾᤊ ᆶϾ❂⫳☣ἲỲⵊ⮆ὦ⪦ࢢӿᴶ ೟ ウ.$***ᘲᕲᢞ`ᢚẗ ᘲᕲᢞ`ᢚẗἪ၊ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬ᓦ↮᫋ἲϮ↲⪧ ‫ת‬၊὾Ϯⵢ૧ጪ↶Ӫ ῿⓷ⵆѺ ఆં ӣ ࢢᶾᤊ὆ ᢚẗ᷶ ૮‫؞‬Ḓᷪ ᐗ↮᫊ᤒἲ ⦣ⵊ ⹆ҫ ⃿ ᐞ▊ἲ⯚ⵖⵆ቞⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚ૮‫↿⯚؞‬Ἢ၊ᐞ▊ྷ ⵊ`ὦӣ ェ.$*7ӿᒂỲⵊᕲᢞ`ᢚẗ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ӿᒂỲⵊᕲᢞ`ᢚẗ᷶ॻᵫᢢ⯚὿ᶳᤦ ⹂ᾓⱶᢚẗ ᥺ள ᢚẗ ᢞᶳẗᏽϮ ẗ ⮆ὦ⪦ᢚẗ೟Ἢ၊὿ᶳ὾ᶾѺ०▊ὢ⁞ῶ ఆ↮ᴸં⹊ே TG XY\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>&6ᐞ▊᷶☏ᐗᒃ⃪Ẃᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ ⃪Ẃⵊᢚẗ(MC) ૖Ҳ Ia Ib I Ꮾ⮾ӣ ᶾᤊᢚẗ Ic II ⱶࢢᕮ෾ંⱊቢ὆ ⵖἎጪ၊᭖ᢚẗ ᘲᕲᢞ`ᢚẗ III IV ӿᒂỲⵊᕲᢞ`ᢚẗ ⵢᤋ ᣋᢞ ᕲᆚఆ↮ᴸં⃿ϲ⒢(IC=3, UC=33) ᣋᢞ ⷲᾓᶾᤊᕲᆚఊ⃿ϲ⒢὆΅ᾓ෾ંᷞ᥻ ᣋᢞӣ ᶾᤊᣋᢞఊ⃿ϲ⒢Ḯ૒ᅦጪ↶ ⁞ ῲẗᤒᘲḮϲⶾ`ᤦ⒇὿ᶳ ᣋᢞ ⷲᾓᶾᤊᕲᆚఊ⃿ϲ⒢΅ᾓ෾ંῲẗ ᤒᘲᶾᤊᣋᢞఊ⃿ϲ⒢Ḯ૒ᅦጪ↶ ⁞ ῲẗᤒᘲḮᘶᑶⵊᤦ⒇὿ᶳ ⁞ ⱶࢢᕮ෾ં ⱶⱊቢⵖἎጪ Ϯӣ ⱶࢢᕮ෾ં ⱶⱊቢⵖἎጪ ᣋᢞ ᓣⵗᣋᢞᤒᘲ ⁞ ᓣⵗ ⁞ᾓ♆ Ϯӣ ᘲᕲᢞ`ὦᢚẗ(ᢞᶳ`῾ḒᷪẾ ) Ϯӣ ӿᒂỲⵊᕲᢞ`ὦᢚẗ(૒ᨆ὆᥺‫׊‬ኖ ῾ḒᷪẾ೒෾ંᘲᢞᐞ▊ ; ⦣᢯`Ἢ၊ᐞ▊ ΅Ͼ , ॻல☏ ὢὢზᶢ↮↮ᴸἺ ) ૖Ҳᢞᶳᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ⹃ὦ ᢞᶳᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ*$ ંጪ↶ἲᢚẗⵆંேᴶ෾ંጪ↶ἲ⯚ⵖⵆં ᾚ෾ં ⱶἲ ᢚẗ ᏽ `ẗⵆં ேᴶᶾ ӎဒⵎ ᆺⵊ ᐞ▊ὢ Ὢᶢࢆં Њὦ`�Ϯ ࢢ὆ᢚẗӪӣӣᷯᷛᶾᤊ὆ᢚẗἲ⯚ⵖⵊᢞᶳᕲᅆᅪ՚⒢⹂ⵊᕲᅆ⒢Ҳὢ૒ Њ὆*$ᅪ՚▃ⵆӎὶἪ቞⃪Ẃ૮᢯Ἦ<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ <ⱊ>&6ᐞ▊᷶☏ᐗᒃᢞᶳᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ IC ૮᢯ᶳ⁳ 1 ॻᶳ ὿ጪᣋᢞ(ᵪ␲ , ӏᅆ೟ ), ኗ▃ (Ἆ ⱶ , Ἇᅆ , ᵿኖ ) ⹊ே , ⵢ▗ӮᆚḮ ЇἮ⹊ே (ॻᵫ , ேጪ὆ᵫⱶἮ`ẗⵆࢆॻᵫϮӣἮ Ṧ ), ᘲႺᢚẗ 2 ⹂ⵇᢞᶳ : ‫⓶؞‬ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᐆἿἲ⦣ⵢᣋᢞఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ ; ᤋἎ⹂ⵇ ⱶᢞᶳ (IC9 ᤋἎ ᏽᷞႺᢞᶳ ), ᫋ጪ෾ંேጪẾႺ , ᤋ⢲Ἢ၊ᕮ⤞Ḓં⹂ⵇጪ↶ᢞᶳ὆ ẾႺጪ↶ 3 ⹂ⵇᢞᶳ : ⵗ᤟ᶾ ᢚẗఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᐆἿӪ ὆ӣ ⁞ῶ ෾ં⃿ϲ⒢ᶾᢚẗఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶၊ ⵗ᤟ᶾᢚẗఆંጪ↶ TG XY]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  4 ῲ‫ ؞‬/ῲ὾ᢞᶳ ΅ⵛ‫ ؞‬, ⪦ྊ↮᪒⤞ , ❆ୢᤊ , ૒ὢḒೊ , ྖⳲḮЇἮ՚᤟᤟ᕲ὆ ⁞ , ⥂࿶ᘲῲ , ཪംḒ , ⛢Ⳗ⤞ , ࿶ὢୂᤒ♆ , ῲ⹂‫؞‬Ծ⹆‫؞‬ḮЇἮ ⱶ὆ ⁞ . ૒ἺICં⯚ⵖⵆ↮ᴸἺ . IC8 ‫ ▊▂᥻׶‬, IC11 ⯢ᆚሦᢞᶳ , IC14 ⮆ὦ⪦ ᢞᶳ 5 Њὦ /Ϯ Њὦ /Ϯ ᶾᤊ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᢚẗӪ`ẗ , Ϯ՚ , ᕮᶺẗⱶ , Ếᨆᆚ , Њὦẗⱶ (Ỳᣋẗⱶ , ⹂ᾓⱶ೟ )ὢ⯚ⵖ 6 ӣӣᷯᷛ ᘺഗ , ӣӣѢጪ , ὾ே␖ ᘲ᥺ḮЇἮ὿ᶳᾓ , ↯ᶳ`ὦᤦ⢯ , ᘺഗ , ўᆚ , ӣẾ὆Ἆ↮ḮЇἮጪ↶὆`ẗӪᢚẗἲ⯚ⵖ 7 Ϯ⃫Ϯӣᢞᶳ ẾႺேጪ၊ᕮ⤞Ϯ⃫ἲ ⁞ ‧ᷪᢷⵆંᢞᶳӪ ⱶὢϮ⃫Ἢ၊ ᆺ೒ᶢ↲ᢞᶳ (᷶ : ᫎᐊ ⁞ ) ೟ 8 ‫ ▊▂᥻׶‬, ဖᏽ Ϯӣᢞᶳ ӿᤋἪ၊ᕮ⤞‫ ᥻׶‬ဖ , 1␖ /2␖⒎ , ᘲ⒎‫׶ⵗ( ᥻׶‬ើᆺᴲશཪᨊᨆⵊ ‫) ᥻׶‬, ‫᥻׶‬ϮӣӪ (ῶ૖ , ՚ሻນ‫) ؞‬ 9 ᤋἎᏽᷞႺᢞᶳ ẾἎ၊ᕮ⤞ϮӣⵆંᤋἎ⹂ⵇ ⱶᢞᶳἲ⯚ⵖ 10 ᢚ↲ᶳ ⴲᅲӪ⁳ὢϮӣbathᶾᤊ ⁞ఆંᢚ↲ẾႺ (ⴲᅲӪᢚ↲⁳ὢḮЇἮ ӎ⸃ጪᾚႺ , ‫צ‬࿚ࢆӎ⸃ጪ෾ંᵏ⒢⸃⣊὆ ᾚ ). ⴲᅲӪᢚ↲⁳ὢ὆ ϮӣἮᢚ↲ᢞᶳᶾⵢ૧ఆӎ , ὦᦲ᥺ᶾᤊ὆ῲጦ`ὦϮӣல⯚ⵖఖ . ૮‫׊‬ኖ၊ӣӣ↮ᷛᶾ὆ⵊⴲᅲӪᢚ↲὆⒆ᆚંЊὦ`ᢚẗ૖Ҳ၊ ӎဒఖ 11 ⯢ᆚሦᢞᶳ ⳺ཪ᪒⫟ (ᷢϮ᥺᤟⳺ཪ᪒⫟ )Ἦ⹂ⵇ`Ἢ၊ᣋᢞఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ᢞᶳ὆ branchᅪ⯚ⵖⵆં⯢ᆚሦᢞᶳӪᷢϮ᥺᤟⳺ཪ᪒⫟Ӫprepolymer Ϯӣ ᢞᶳὢὶ૒ . ὢ࿚ⵊϮӣ೒ἮኖాIC11ᶾᤊ૒ზᶢ↮ӎ , ⹂ⵇᢞᶳ , IC4, IC16, IC0ᶾᤊં૒ზᶢ↮↮ᴸἺ 12 ⭲Ⳳ , ⁳ὢ , ⵗ⫾ ᢞᶳ ⭲Ⳳ , ⁳ὢ , ࢆጢⵗ⫾෾ં⮾⁳ὢⵗ⫾὆ᣋᢞᆺᶲҗ⽶`ẗఖ . ᓣᢚᓦ ᢞᶳἮIC0 ‫؞‬⢮၊⯚ⵖఖ 13 ↯ጪϮӣᢞᶳ ᤚἎ὆⒆ᆚ (ᤦ⢯ , ᐗ` , ᷪᢷ೟ ), ↯⁞ , ᆶጢᆚ (♖⨚ , ❂⫳೟ )ᅪ⯚ⵖ 14 ⮆ὦ⪦ , ཪ⛒ᏽ શ᪒ (ӿ⣋ ) ᢞᶳ ❂⫳ ⱶ (⸪ⵗ (⁞ ) ૖Ҳ )὆ᣋᢞἮᒲЊ၊ⵆӎ , ⮆ὦ⪦ ⁞ંὢ ICϮ`ẗఖ 16 ӣⵇᢞᶳ: ⦎ኗӪ ‫؞‬Ҳ ࢆጢϮӣᢞᶳ (ࢆጢϮ՚ ), ὾ே␖ᣋᢞ , Ѣ▃ᢞᶳὢ⯚ⵖఖ 15/0 ‫؞‬⢮ ᫋ⱶϮӣᢞᶳӪЇὢⵊICᆺⵎ૧ⵎᨆᶴંኖ೎ӣ Ӫ⹊ேἲ ⯚ⵖ TG XY^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૖Ҳẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ⹃ὦ ẗல ᕲᅆ⒢Ҳં ጪ↶὆ ⪧ ⵊ ‫؞‬ઓӪ ኗ`ἲ ՚⒢⹂ⵆᷚ Њ὆ ኗ။ἲ <ⱊ>ӪЇὢᕲᅆⵊ૒ <ⱊ>&6ᐞ▊᷶☏ᐗᒃẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ6$ ᕲᅆ ᑶ⸦ ẗல ᕲᅆ ᑶ⸦ 1 ⽏ᨆ /⽏␗ (Absorbents and adsorbents) 29 ᷢῲ૚ (Heat transferring agents) 2 ῿␗ (Adhesive, binding agents) 30 Ἆᵃᵏ (Hydraulic fluids and additives) 3 ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᕲᢚ (Aerosol propellants) 31 ⃪έ (Impregnation agents) 4 Ἷ▃ᐗ↮ (Anti-condensation agents) 32 ૖ᷢᾚ (Insulating materials) 5 ࢷϯᐗ↮ (Anti-freezing agents) 33 ⃿ϲ⒢ (Intermediates) 6 ῿␗ᐗ↮ (Anti-set-off and anti-adhesive agents) 34 ᫒ⷆẗ⹂ⵇጪ↶ (Laboratory chemicals) 7 ῲ‫؞‬ᐊᣋᐗ↮ (Anti-static agents) 35 ἒ⹊Ἆ /⒖Ϯ (Lubricants and additives) 8 ⱊᐟ (Bleaching agents) ᤦ (Cleaning/washing agents and additives) 36 ⶓႺ /ⶓႺ⃿ϲ⒢ (Odour agents) 37 ᢞ⹂ (Oxidising agents) 10 ␗ᢷ (Colouring agents) 38 11 ᓣⵗ (Complexing agents) 39 12 40 41 ὆ᵫⱶ (ேጪ὆ᵫⱶ )(Pharmaceuticals) 14 ῲல (ῲⵢጪ , ῲ‫ק‬ጪ )(Conductive agents) Ѣ▃ᾚႺḮ⒖Ϯጪ (Construction materials and additives) ᕮ᫋ᶣ (Corrosion inhibitors) ᫋ጪᓢ⸦ (Plant protection products, agricultural) ᢢ‫ ׎‬, ᘲॻᶳ᤟ (ᢢ‫ ׎‬, ᐗᕮ , ՚▗ )(Biocides, non-agricultural) pH ⁞ῶ (PH-regulating agents) 42 ӿ⹂ⵇጪ (Photochemicals) 15 ⹂ᾓⱶ (Cosmetics) 43 ӣ ⁞ῶ (Process regulators) 9 13 ẗல 16 ᕲ↲Ҟⵗ (Dust binding agents) 44 ⹆Ế (Reducing agents) 17 ῲ‫؞‬ல‫( ׶‬Electroplating agents) 45 ᓣᢚ‫؞‬὆⦎ࣶ (Reprographic agents) 18 ⹂ᵫ , ⯛ᐊ (Explosives) 46 ᐆல⒢ (Semiconductors) 19 ᘲႺ (Fertilisers) 47 ᷞ⹂ /ҫ⹂⓷↲ (Softeners) 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ▗ῲᾚ (Fillers) 48 ӎ (Fixing agents) 49 ࢢ⹂ /ᐗᷪ /ࢊᷞ (Flame retardants and 50 fire preventing agents) ᕮἎ (Flotation agents) 51 ⃪ጪẗflux(Flux agents for casting) 52 ᐊ⯚ /‫( ⯚؞‬Foaming agents) 53 ᫋ⱶ /ᢚႺ⒖Ϯ 54 (Food/feedstuff additives) ᷞႺ (Fuels) 55/0 ᷞႺ⒖Ϯ (Fuel additives) TG XY_G T ẗᇒ (Solvents) ᴶ (Stabilisers) Ҳቢ⹊᤟ (Surface-active agents) ⢲઺ (Tanning agents) ῾᤟⁞ ⒢ (Viscosity adjusters) Ϯ⹗ /Ϯ⹗⓷↲ (Vulcanising agents) ẗ῿ ᏽࢗൊ (Ҟⵗ ) (Welding and soldering agents) ‫؞‬⢮ (Other) ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૖ҲҞ ὦ὾↋‫؞‬ᵃጪẗⵢல◖‫⹃ ྷ׷‬ὦ ጪ↶὆ ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢᅪ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ1B ጪ ẗⵢலNH- ᅪ ⹃ὦⵆӎ ⹂ ⵇጪ↶὆ῲᣋᵎὦᣋᢞ ⁞ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗЊὦ`ᢚẗᤊᘲ᪒ᣋᵎ⮾‫؞‬ ጪ⒆ᆚ὆ϯ૖Ҳᒲ◖‫ྷ׷‬UPOZS෾ંLHEBZ ἲ⹃ὦⵊ૒ ૖Ҳᇒ⒢૮‫؞‬ᨆҲ⦎ᵿ ᒲᐞ▊ྷ᷶☏ Ỳᶾᤊᕲᅆⵊ⃪Ẃᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ.$ ᶳ⁳*$ ἲ⹃ὦⵆӎᣋᢞ ⁞ᢞᶳ` ῲጦ` ᢚẗ Њὦ` ᢚẗ ⹺ᨆ ೟὆ ᣋᵎ ૖Ҳᅪ ⹃ὦⵊ૒ ὢᅪ ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊ ᶳ⁳*$ ᒲ၊ ӣఆં ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ⱊᶾᤊ ૮‫؞‬�⮾ᨆ�⦎ᵿ ೟὆ ᇒ⒢ᒲ၊ ◖‫ྷ׷‬ ᏽҞ ὦ὾ጪẗⵢல↋‫؞‬ᵃ ᶾഞཪᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ⹃ὦⵊ૒ῲ⒢◖‫׷‬ᣋᢞྷ ᨆέྷᨆ▊ྷ ἮलேᴶἎ⦣ఆંጪ↶὆ῲ⒢Ἆ⦣ྷἪ၊ ὆ఆӎᐞ▊ఊ ῲ⒢ᵿἮὪ૖Ỳ၊⮷‫⹂׎‬ఆᶢῲ՛‫׊‬ኖᐞ▊ྷ REASE reg i, j Ἢ၊ᢞ ఊ૒ ᓦ↮♖ᤊ<ᒲⱊ>ᶾ ᫊ఊ&6὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆⱊᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫ ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$SFHJPOBM ᅪᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ⹃ὦⵊ⺲ᶾ૒Ἲ᫋ӪЇὢጪ↶὆᢯⣊Ḯᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ ⹊ẗⵆᷚᐞ▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵊ૒ REASE reg = F i, j i, j× T onnage reg Jᣋᵎ૖ҲKᇒ⒢ «¬ƐƃƅƇì ƈ : ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖᣋᵎ૖Ҳ, ᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ྷ(kg/day) Ƈìƈ ƍƌƌſƅƃ Ɛƃƅ : ᣋᵎ૖Ҳ, ᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊Ҳᨆ(-) : ᣋᵎ૖Ҳ὆ᢚẗྷ(kg/day) TG XY`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆ ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᶾഞᅦᐞ▊Ҳᨆ⹊ẗᐗᒃ ẗல ᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᅪ ⃿᫚Ἢ၊ Ὢᓦᶾᤊ ӣⵆં ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ ᷶☏ ῶ␖ᶾഞཪ, ᣋᵎ૖Ҳ(Life Cycle), ẗல(Industry category, IC), ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ (Use category, UC)὆ᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᅪ⹃ὦⵆӎ, Ҟ ὦ὾ᅪ⹃ὦⵊ⺲ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪ ⹃ᓢⵆᷚᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶ૒. <‫צ‬ᆪ>ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᶾഞᅦᐞ▊᷶☏૖Ҳ ૖Ҳᣋᵎ૖Ҳ⹃ὦ Ὢᓦ ⹂᫚ᒃᶾ ഞᅦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᣋᵎ ૖Ҳં ⁞1SPEVDUJPO ૖Ҳ ⸪ⵗ ⁞ ૖Ҳӣᶳ`ᢚẗ૖ҲϮ ẗ�ᶳጢẗ὆ᢚẗ૖Ҳᾓ‫؞‬ᢚẗ ⱶ὆ ᢚẗ૖Ҳ὆૒ᤝϮ↮૖Ҳ၊՚ᕲఊ૒ ᷶ᅪ೒ᶢ, [‫צ‬ᆪ13]ᶾᤊં⮆ὦ⪦ࢢ὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᣋᵎ૖Ҳᶾ ૮ⵢ ᤒታⵆӎ ὶ૒. ᓦ ᐗᒃᶾᤊ ὆ఆં 「 ⁞ ૖Ҳ」Ḯ「 ⁞ᶳ(⸧Ἦ ⁞ᢚ)」Ӫં ૒ᅢ૒. ὢ ‫צ‬ᆪᶾᤊં Aᢚல Cᢚல ⁞ᶳὦ ѱἪ၊ ⵊ૒. ᷚ‫؞‬ᤊኖ०ሦaཪӎⵆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ⃪ኗⵆቢ, AᢚϮ「 ⁞૖Ҳ」ᶾⵢ૧ ⵆӎ, Cᢚં ኖ०ሦ aᅪ ՚έⵆӎ ⯢ᆚሦ c὆ ⃿ⵗ ẾႺ၊ᤊ ᢚẗⵆӎ ὶં ѱἪ၊「ӣᶳ`ᢚẗ૖Ҳ」ᶾⵢ૧ⵊ૒. ⵊ⮦, ⯢ᆚሦcᶾ⃪ኗⵆቢ, CᢚϮ 「 ⁞૖Ҳ」ᶾⵢ૧ⵊ૒. ෾ㅯ⮆ὦ⪦ㅰཪӎⵆቢ'ᢚϮㅯ὾ே␖ㅰཪӎⵆቢ(ᢚḮ)ᢚϮ‫צ‬࿚ⵊ ⁞ᶳ ⁞ᢚ ὢ↮ᆺ ὢѱ೒ἲ ㅯ ⁞ ૖Ҳㅰཪӎં ᕮᅢ↮ ᴸં૒ ૒ᆺ ⹂ⵇጪ↶DEFGЊЊ὆ᣋᵎ૖Ҳ၊ᕮ⤞⫺ᴳⵆᷚ'ᢚḮЇἮᣋᵎ૖Ҳᅪ ㅯ⸪ⵗ⁞ ૖Ҳㅰ ( )ᢚḮ ЇἮ ᣋᵎ ૖Ҳᅪ ㅯӣᶳ` ᢚẗ ૖Ҳㅰཪӎ ϯϯᕮᅦ૒ TG XZWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽⮆ὦ⪦〾 ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᣋᵎ૖Ҳ᫊᷶ ૖ҲẗலᏽҞ ὦ὾↋‫؞‬ᵃጪẗⵢல◖‫⹃ ྷ׷‬ὦ Ὢᓦ὆⹆ҫᐞ▊Ἦᣋᵎ૖ҲḮẗலᶾഞཪᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪᤒ ⵆᷚ᷶☏ⵊ૒ ⅷẗலᕲᅆ᢯ᤦẗலᕲᅆᅪ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊ᣋᵎ૖Ҳ὆⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᒲ၊ᐞ▊ҲᨆϮ ᤒ ఆᶢ ᐞ▊ྷἲ ᷶☏ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ὢഺ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ὆ ᤒ ᶾં ↋‫؞‬ᵃӪ ጪẗⵢலϮӎဒఊ૒ イ ⁞૖Ҳ὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ㅯ ⁞ ૖Ҳㅰᶾ ૮ⵢᤊં ㅯẗல ᕲᅆㅰᶾ ӮҲᶴὢ ጪᆚ⹂ⵇ` ᤟᢯ ୞ὢ⤞↋‫؞‬ᵃጪẗⵢல ᶾഞᅦᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪᤒ ⵆӎὶ૒ ゥ⸪ⵗ⁞ ૖Ҳ὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ㅯ⸪ⵗ⁞ ૖Ҳㅰᶾ૮ⵢᤊંㅯẗலᕲᅆㅰཪંጪᆚ⹂ⵇ`᤟᢯୞ὢ⤞ ↋‫؞‬ᵃጪẗⵢல ᶾ૮Ἷⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪᤒ ⵆӎὶ૒ ウӣᶳ`ᢚẗ૖Ҳ὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ㅯӣᶳ` ᢚẗ ૖Ҳㅰ὆ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ЀἮ ጪᆚ⹂ⵇ` ᤟᢯ ୞ὢ⤞↋‫؞‬ᵃ ጪẗⵢல ᶾ૮Ἷⵊϯ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪᤒ ⵆӎὶ૒ TG XZXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ェϮ ẗ�ᶳጢẗἪ၊ᕮ⤞὆ᢚẗ૖Ҳ὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ㅯϮ ẗ�ᶳጢẗἪ၊ᕮ⤞὆ᢚẗ૖Ҳㅰᶾ૮ⵢᤊંЊᐗҲᶾᤊ὆ᢚẗὢ ཪӎ ᣋϯⵎ ᨆ ὶἪᎮ၊ ẗல ᕲᅆḮ ጪᆚ⹂ⵇ` ᤟᢯ ୞ὢ⤞↋‫؞‬ᵃ ጪẗⵢல ᶾ૮Ἷⵆᷚᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪᤒ ⵊ૒ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᾓὢᓢ‫׷‬ఆᶢὶં↮ᷛᓢ‫׷‬ᅎ ᶾ૮ⵢᤊંⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᾓᶾ὆ ᐞ▊ҲᨆϮఆӎࢆሦ↮ંᨆҲᶾ὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ၊◖‫ⵊ׷‬૒ࢆᴲϮẞᤎ⮷Ϯ ⹂ⵇጪ↶⃿ᶾᤊὢᕲⵢ᤟⫾ ҞӪϮᶩᶢ↲ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵢᤊંⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ ἖ὢӎဒఊ૒ エᾓ‫؞‬ᢚẗ ⱶ὆ᢚẗ૖Ҳ὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ㅯᾓ‫؞‬ᢚẗ ⱶ὆ᢚẗ૖Ҳㅰ὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆં⦣᢯‫؞‬ᓦ`ὦᐞ▊Ҳᨆ὆ Ѐἲ၊ᤒ ⵆᷚᢚẗⵊ૒ Ὢᓦᶾᤊ ᢚẗఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳં <ⱊ>Ӫ ЇἪ቞ẗல ᕲᅆᶾഞᅦᐞ▊Ҳᨆં૒Ἲᢚὢ⪦ᶾᤊ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ IUUQXXXNFUJHPKQQPMJDZDIFNJDBM@NBOBHFNFOULBTJOIPVJOGPSNBUJPOSB@ FNJTTJPOGBDUPSWIUNM <ⱊ>Ὢᓦ὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ ❂ ೊ 01 ẗலᕲᅆ ⃿ϲጪ ❂ ೊ ᢯ᤦẗலᕲᅆ a ⵗ᤟ẾႺ , ⃿ⵗẾႺ , ῲ՚ (前驅) ⃿ⵗ⒢ b ⃿ⵗЊ᫊ z ‫؞‬⢮ ẗ 02 லႺẗᐂશ᫊ẗ❂ ⫳ ẗὦᦲί⡚ẗ ᓣᢚẗᢢᣋጪ ẗ ẗ a லႺẗẗ , லႺ⽚ᤋ b லႺᐃᆚ c ᐂશ᫊ẗẗ d ❂⫳ ẗẗ , ᐂશ᫊ல⯚ẗẗ e ὦᦲί⡚ẗẗ , ῲ὾ംᐂὢ᪒ẗẗ , ί⡚ẗ , ί⡚ ᤦ f ᢢᣋጪ ẗẗ z ‫؞‬⢮ TG XZYG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ❂ ೊ ẗலᕲᅆ 03 ῿␗ ẗ῾␗ ẗ ᫒ᆯᾚẗẗ 04 ‫᥻׶‬ᤦ ẗẗ 05 ⡢ᆚોᤦ ẗẗ 《ᤦ⢯ᶳẗல 》 06 ‫؞‬⢮ᤦ ẗẗ [#04, 05 Ṧ ] 07 ӣᶳẗẗ [#02-06὆ẗ Ṧ ] 08 ᶾᶢ⁦ẗẗ 09 ‫؞‬⢮ẗ 10 ⹂ⵇⳲ၊ᤦ᪒⁞ῶ 11 ␗ᢷ (ᷪႺ , ᴶႺ , ᢷ᥺ , ᢷᾚ ) [#12, 13, 15, 16, 25, 26, 29 Ṧ ] 12 ᨆҲᤦ 《ӣᶳẗல 》 [#25, 26 Ṧ ] 13 14 ᨆҲᤦ 2 《Ϯ ẗᶳጢẗ 》 ḯ᪒ (ᐂ૓ᾚẗ , ὾ே␖ẗ , ⴪ⷯẗ೟ ) ❂ ೊ ᢯ᤦẗலᕲᅆ d z a ῿␗ ẗẗ , ῾␗ ẗẗ ῿␗ ўẗẗ , ⸦ (Ɱ ) ўẗẗ ῿␗ẗẗ ᫒ᆯᾚẗẗ ‫؞‬⢮ ‫᥻׶‬ᤦ ẗẗ (ᷪ᥺Ҳ ) ‫؞‬⢮ ೊཪὢ⡚ᆚોẗ ⢶ᷪ , ೊཪὢ⡚ᆚોẗ ▂▊ ‫؞‬⢮ ⯚⦎࿶↮᪒⪦ⷲ᢯ẗẗ , ࿶↮᪒⪦ᐃᆚẗẗ ‫؞‬⢮ ⵗ᤟ᐆἿẗẗ ᐗᢚẗẗ , ᆷẗẗ ▂▊ẗ , ẗ ⽚ᤋẗ ‫؞‬⢮ ᶾᶢ⁦ᕲᢚ , ⽚ᤋ ‫؞‬⢮ ‫؞‬⢮ẗ ẗ ὢṦ ⓷ᇒ , ⓷ᇒૢ⒢ ὢḖԾ⹆ᨆ↮ , ὢḖԾ⹆ᆷ , ᕲᆚᆷ , җᆷ , ᷚӪ Ἆ⹂ , ᕲᢞ ⃿ⵗ⁞ῶ ( ↮ ) , ⃿ⵗ‫ ↮׶‬, ᴶ ӿⵇᕲⵎ ‫؞‬⢮ ␗ᢷ (ᷪႺ , ᴶႺ , ᢷ᥺ , ᢷᾚ ) ⸃ӿ↋ᐟ ᐊᢷ , ᐊᢷ⸪ⵗ (⁞ ) ‫؞‬⢮ ᘲ৲ , ᤦ (Ҳቢ⹊᤟ ) ጢ‫؞‬ᴺ♪ᆚ , Ἆ‫؞‬ᴺ♪ᆚ , ጢ‫؞‬ᢞ , Ἆ‫؞‬ᢞ , ⱊᐟ Builder(Chelate , ᾚᕮ␗ᐗ↮ ೟ ), ⒖Ϯ (ᓢ⁞ ) (᥺⯚ ೟) ᐗ⒛ ‫؞‬⢮ ᘲ৲ , ᤦ , Ἆᆚ␫ᤦ⒇ᵏ (Ҳቢ⹊᤟ ) b Ἆᷞ (Ҳቢ⹊᤟ ) c ጢ‫؞‬ᾚ , Ἆ‫؞‬ᾚ , ጢ‫؞‬ᢞ , Ἆ‫؞‬ᢞ , ⱊᐟ d Builder(Chelate , ᾚᕮ␗ᐗ↮ ೟ ), ⒖Ϯ (ᓢ⁞ ) (⺖᥺ , ⸃ӿ↋ᐟ , ὾Ṧᤎ⽏ᨆ ೟ ) z ‫؞‬⢮ a b c d z a z a b z a z a b c d z a z a a b c d e z a b c z a b c a ḯ᪒ b Ἆ⹂ , ᕲᢞ z ‫؞‬⢮ TG XZZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ❂ ೊ ẗலᕲᅆ ❂ ೊ a b c d 15 லႺ , ❂⫳ [Ⳳཪὢሦ⯚ⵖ ] e f g h i j z a b 16 ὦᦲί⡚ , ᓣᢚẗ ᵫ (⦎ࣶ೟ ) [ⴲ‫؞‬ẗ՚ , ࿶↮᪒⪦ ί⡚ẗ⯚ⵖ ] 17 ᤎ΅லႺẗᐗḒ , ᶢᇋẗᐗḒ 18 ᢢᣋጪ 1 [Ḳ ⱶᶾ⯚ⵖఆᶢ ▊ⵆఆંѱ ] 19 ᢢᣋጪ 2 [ӣ ࢢᢚẗἪ၊ Ḳ ⱶᶾ⯚ⵖఆ↮ ᴸંѱ ]《ӣᶳẗல 》 c d e f g h i z a b c z a b z a b c d z a 20 ᢢᣋጪ 3 《Ϯ ẗᶳጢẗ 》 b c d e f z ᢯ᤦẗலᕲᅆ லႺẗᨆ↮ , ❂⫳ ẗᨆ↮ , ᐂὦୂ᤟ᕲ ␗ᢷ (ᷪႺ , ᴶႺ , ᢷ᥺ , ᢷᾚ , ӿ⼆ (光輝剤）) ᷢӿҫ⹂லႺኖ०ሦḚᆚӎሦ ϮԾ , ҫ⹂ , ↋Ͼ , ⃿ⵗЊ᫊ , ӿᢞᐊᣋ (光酸発生剤), ӿᷪ‫؞‬ᐊᣋ Ϯ᥺ , ▗↲ ᴶ ⹂ (ᢞ⹂ᐗ↮ ೟ ) Ϯ⃫ᳺẮᐗ↮ , ↋῾ , ᥺⯚ , ᘂ၊⢧ ᐗ↮ , ⮷⹊ , லῲ᤟Њྷ Ἆ⹂ , ᕲᢞ , ৲ᤒ , ♖⨚ , ⱊቢ⁞ , ⁞ᆷ⁞ ᕮ᫋ᐗ↮ , ᐗ⒛ , ᐗᕮ , ⵛӞ⬏ὢ , ⶓ‫ ׎‬ Ѣ⁞⓷↲ , ᪣ἒ , ࢊᷞ , ᐊᨆ ‫؞‬⢮ ί⡚ẗᨆ↮ , ⦎ࣶẗᨆ↮ ␗ᢷ (ᷪႺ , ᴶႺ , ᢷ᥺ ), Ͼᷢᢷ᥺ , Ͼᵃᢷ᥺ , ⸃ӿ↋ᐟ , ⷲᢷ ὾Ṧᤎῲ὾ᤎҫ⹂ί⡚὆ኖ०ሦḚᆚӎሦ , ↋Ͼ , ⃿ⵗЊ᫊ Ϯ᥺ , ▗↲ ᴶ ⹂ (ᢞ⹂ᐗ↮ ೟ ) Ϯ⃫ᳺẮᐗ↮ , ↋῾ , ᥺⯚ , ᘂ၊⢧ᐗ↮ Ἆ⹂ , ᕲᢞ , ৲ᤒ , ♖⨚ , ⁞ᆷ⁞ ῲⵆ ᶢ , Ἆே᤟ᕮᷚ , ᷞᆶ᤟ᕮᷚ , ἒ⹊᤟ᕮᷚ Ѣ⁞⓷↲ , ᪣ἒ ‫؞‬⢮ ᐗḒ ẗᨆ↮ [⒖Ϯ ல⯚ⵖ ] ᤎ΅லႺẗᐗḒ ᶢᇋẗᐗḒ ‫؞‬⢮ ᢢ‫ ׎‬, ᢢ▗ , ᐗᕮ , ⵛӞ⫺ὢ , ⶓ‫( ׎‬ᤦ‫↋׎‬᫋ ᶣ , ኗᾚẗᐗᕮ , ЊᏦᐗ↮ ) ῲ␗ (展着剤), Ἆ⹂ ‫؞‬⢮ ᕶ❺ⵢ▗ẗᢢ▗ (ⵢ▗՚ , Ӓ▗Ἆὦ , ӣဓ (共力剤)) Ϯ᪒Ͼ‫ ׎‬, ⺶↋ , ⺶ᷞ ᢢ‫ ׎‬, ᥺ள , ᐗᕮ , ⶓ‫ ׎‬ ῲ␗ (展着剤), Ἆ⹂ ‫؞‬⢮ ᕶ❺ⵢ▗ẗᢢ▗ (ⵢ▗՚ , Ӓ▗Ἆὦ , ӣဓ (共力剤)) ᤚἎẗ⁳ὢẗᐗ▗ (⺶↋ , ⺶ᷞ ೟ ) ⽞ЊᏦ՚ , ЊᏦᐗ↮ ᢢ‫ ׎‬, ᥺ள , ᐗᕮ , ⵛӞ⬏ὢ , ⶓ‫ ׎‬, ‫ ׎‬ ᘲॻҫ↮ẗ ⓶ ῲ␗ , Ἆ⹂ ‫؞‬⢮ TG XZ[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ❂ ೊ ẗலᕲᅆ 21 ⹂ᵫᅆ [ᷞ⹂⯚ⵖ ] 22 ᐗⶓ , ᥺◖ 23 ῿␗ , ῾␗ , ᫒ᆯᾚ ❂ ೊ a b z a b c d z a ⹂ᵫ , ⯛ᵫ , ⹂ӣⱶ [#21-ｂ Ṧ ], ᷞ⹂ (煙火) ὾ே␖ᴶῲᕮⱶẗϮ᪒ᐊᣋ ‫؞‬⢮ ⶓႺ [#22-ｂ,c Ṧ ] ᐗⶓ ⢶◖ Ἆ⹂ , ᕲᢞ ‫؞‬⢮ ῿␗ ẗᨆ↮ , ῾␗ ẗᨆ↮ , ᫒ᆯᾚẗᨆ↮ b ᐂὦୂ᤟ᕲ (ኖ०ሦ , Ⳳᆚ⯢ᆚሦ , ҫ⹂ , ҫ⹂⓷↲ , Њ᫊ , ⛒⳺ᆯ ) c d e f g h z a b c 24 ⯚⦎࿶↮᪒⪦ᾚႺ , ᢚ↲ᾚႺ , ὦᦲ⫾ ᾚႺ d e f g 25 ⵗ᤟ᤚἎ , ᤚἎ⒆ᆚ [ᕮ↯⯚⒆ᆚ⯚ⵖ ] ᢯ᤦẗலᕲᅆ Ϯ᥺ , ▗↲ ᴶ ⹂ (०⹂ᐗ↮ ೟ ) Ϯ⃫૧‫خ‬ᐗ↮ (皮張り防止剤), ↋῾ , ᥺⯚ , ᘂ။⢧ ᐗ↮ , ⮷⹊ ⱊቢ⁞ , ᕲᢞ ᐗᕮ , ⵛӞ⬏ὢ , ⶓ‫ ׎‬ ࢊᷞ , லῲ ‫؞‬⢮ Ͼӿ᤟Ͼῲ὾᤟ᨆ↮ (⯚⦎࿶↮᪒⪦ ,ὦᦲ⫾೟ ) Ͼӿ᤟Ͼῲ὾᤟ᨆ↮὆ኖ०ሦ , Ḛᆚӎሦ Ͼӿ , ῲ὾ᢚ↲Ͼӿ⒢ , ӿ⃿ⵗЊ᫊ , ӿᢞᐊᣋ (光酸発生剤), ӿᷪ‫؞‬ᐊᣋ ᢷ᥺⸃᤟ Coupler(Color ᢚ↲ẗ ) Ἆ⹂ , ᕲᢞ ␗ , ᴶ ⹂ ҫ⹂ , ↋Ͼ , ϾϾ , ϮԾᏮலⶓ᢯ , ⃿ⵗЊ᫊ , ࿶↮᪒⪦⒖Ϯ l m n ⷲ᢯ , ᨆẗ᤟⒆ᆚᵫⱶ , ࿶↮᪒⪦ᐃᆚ ‫؞‬⢮ Ḳ ⱶ‫؞‬ᾚ (ⵗ᤟ᤚἎ , ᕮ↯⯚ ) ␗ᢷ (ᷪႺ , ᴶႺ ), ⸃ӿ↋ᐟ ↿᥻ (集束剤) ᐗᷪ , ࢊᷞ ⵖ♖ᓢЃ , ᷪႺӎ␗ ૮ῲᐗ↮ , ♊ᨆϮӣ ᤚἎἎᷞ ⸃⣊ᴶ Ϯӣ ᐊᨆ , ᐊἎ (撥油剤), ᐗᨆϮӣ , ᐗḒϮӣ ⶓ‫׎‬ᐗ◖ , ᒮᢷᐗ↮ , ὾Ṧᤎ⽏ᨆ ᐗᢚᐗ`↯⮦Ἆ (織編油剤), ᐗᢚᐗ`↯⮦Ἆ⁞ (織編油助剤) ᤦ , ဖᤦ (精練洗浄剤, Soaping ), ἒ⹊ Chelate ⱊᐟ , ⢶ᷪ o ‫׎‬ᷪ (均染剤), ♖⨚ , ⓷ᷪ (ᷪᢷ⁞ ), ᇒᷪ , h z a b c d e f g h i j k TG XZ\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ❂ ೊ 26 27 ẗலᕲᅆ ⁳ὢ⭲Ⳳᵫⱶ ⳺ཪ᪒⫟ , ⳺ཪ᪒⫟ ⒖Ϯ , ⳺ཪ᪒⫟ Ϯӣ⸪ⵗ (⁞ ) [#15, 16, 23, 25, 28 Ṧ ] [␗ᢷ ં#11] ❂ ೊ p q r z a b c d e f g h i j k ࢆᷪẗ⸦ (Ɱ ) Ἆ⹂ , ᕲᢞ , ᥺⯚ ᆶᣚ⹂⁞ (マーセル化助剤) Ɱᙪ‫ ؞‬ ‫؞‬⢮ ␗ᢷ (ᷪႺ , ᴶႺ ), ⸃ӿ↋ᐟ ᢚὢⅶ , ␗ , ↲Ⴚ ❂⫳ ᐗᷪ , ࢊᷞ , ૮ῲᐗ↮ ⵖ♖ᓢЃ , ᓢᅆⶓ᢯ (歩留向上剤), ӎ , ᐗ⒛ ᐊᨆ , ᐊἎ , ᐗᨆϮӣ ᨛӎ (嵩高剤), Ἆᷞ , pＨ ⁞ῶ ↋ⵢᵫᵏ (蒸解薬液) ᪚ཪὲ❆⪦ၒ (ᐗᕮ ), ⴪♆❆⪦ၒ ⱊᐟ , ⱊᐟẃᴶ Ἆ⹂ , ᕲᢞ , ᥺⯚ , ⢶ጣ (脱墨剤), ᤦ z ‫؞‬⢮ a Ḳ ⱶ‫؞‬ᾚ (⳺ཪ᪒⫟ , ⵗ᤟⴪ⷯ , ⵗ᤟↮ , ᐊ⯚⒢ ) b ӎ⽏ᨆ᤟ᾚႺ c Ϯ᥺ , ᕲᢞ d ᴶ ⹂ (ᢞ⹂ᐗ↮ ೟ ) e f g h i j k l n y z a ▗↲ , ⽚ᤋ , ⯢ᆚሦᕲⵢ⓷↲ Ҟ ⵣ (結晶核剤) ࢢᕮ⹊ , ࢢᕮὢ⸃ ᐗẢ (防曇剤), Ἆ` (流滴剤) ࢊᷞ , ૮ῲᐗ↮ , ⫺ᾓᒮ⹆ Ṧᕮ⹊ , Ṧᕮὢ⸃ ᐊ⯚ , ཪം♪ᐊᣋ ⃪⸃ẗ⃪⸃ᐊ⯚ẗᾚႺ (ኖ०ሦ , Ⳳᆚ⯢ᆚሦ೟ ) ҫ⹂ , ϮԾ (FRPẗኖ०ሦ೟ ), ϮԾ⁞ , ↋Ͼ , ⃿ⵗ Њ᫊ ҫ⹂⓷↲ ‫؞‬⢮⒖Ϯ (Њ↶ ೟ ) ‫؞‬⢮ Ḳ ⱶ‫؞‬ᾚ (᷆ཪ᪒⦎ሦ (ⵗ᤟ӎጢ )) b Ϯ⹗⓷↲ , Ϯ⹗⓷↲ ⁞ (Ϯ⹗⹊᤟ ) c Ϯ⹗ , ϮԾ , ϮԾ⁞ d Ϯ᥺ , ᓢЃᾚ (῿␗⓷↲ ೟ ), ▗↲ e ᴶ ⹂ (०⹂ᐗ↮ ೟ ) f ᪒❂♆ (スコーチ) ᐗ↮ , ᥺ဖ (素練)⓷↲ , ࢢᕮ⹊ , ࢢᕮ ὢ⸃ g ཪ⤻᪒Ἷӎ , Ἆ⹂ , ᕲᢞ , ♖Ѓᐗ↮ h ࢊᷞ , ૮ῲᐗ↮ i Ṧᕮ⹊ , Ṧᕮὢ⸃ m 28 ⵗ᤟ӎጢ , ӎጢẗ ⒖Ϯ , ӎጢẗ Ϯӣ⸪ⵗ (⁞ ) [␗ᢷ ં#11] ᢯ᤦẗலᕲᅆ TG XZ]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ❂ ೊ 29 ẗலᕲᅆ ⴪ⷯ⒆ᆚ ❂ ೊ j ᐊ⯚ k ӎጢᾚᣋ (⢶⹗ ೟ ) y ‫؞‬⢮⒖Ϯ (Њ↶ ೟ ) z a c ‫؞‬⢮ Ϯ⃫ጢా↶ ᢚ᢯Ϯӣᵫ (ⱊᐟ , ␗ᢷ , ␗ᢷ⁞ , ᐊᨆ , ᐊἎ , Ἆ , ⢶↮ , Ϯ↮ ೟ ) ⃮ᘲӣ (Ϯ⃫ጢా↶ῲ ) ᵫ (⢶↮ , ⢶⹺ ೟ ) ‫؞‬⢮ ἎᆚẾႺ Ἆᆚ⒖Ϯ (Ѓ⹂ , ↿᥺ (集束剤), ᐗẢ (防曇剤), ὾Ṧᤎ Cut ೟ ) ἎᆚϮӣ⁞ (ὢ⸃ , pH ⁞ῶ ೟ ) d ὾‫؞‬ᅆẾႺ b c z a b 30 31 Ἆᆚ , ὾‫؞‬ᅆ , ᫊ቆ⪦ [␗ᢷ ં#11] ல὾‫ ؞‬, ࢢ⹂ጪ , Fine Ceramic [␗ᢷ ં#11, ῲ὾ẗ Fine CeramicἮ #38] e f g h z a b c d z a 32 33 34 ᷞᢛ↮ᤋ , ᷞᆶ , ᆶ␞ᾚ , ӎ⒢ἒ⹊ [␗ᢷ ં#11] ‫⁞ ᥻׶‬Ϯӣẗ὾ᾚ [‫᥻׶‬ᏽⵗ‫׶‬ẾႺં #1, ␗ᢷ ં#11, ⱊቢ⒆ᆚં #34, ẗ῿ཻ῿Ἦ #35, ‫᥻׶‬ϮӣἎં#37］ ⱊቢ⒆ᆚ [ல‫׶‬ῲ⒆ᆚ ⺲⒆ ᆚ ⢶↮ᤦ ᵫ ં#04 ‫᥻׶‬ᤦ , #12὆ᨆҲ １］ [#4-6, 12-15, 17, ᢯ᤦẗலᕲᅆ b ὾‫؞‬ᅆ⒖Ϯ (‫צ‬ᆪᕮ␗ẗῲᢚ (絵付け用転写剤), FLIT ᐞⵗᵫ ೟ ) ὾‫؞‬ᅆϮӣ⁞ (⃿⹂ , શ⛶⒆ᆚ ೟ ) ᫊ቆ⪦ẾႺ ᫊ቆ⪦⒖Ϯ (⸪ⵗᾚ , ⬫␫ , ӎ⹂ (固化剤) ೟ ) ‫؞‬⢮ ல὾‫؞‬ẾႺ , ࢢ⹂ጪẾႺ , Fine Ceramic ẾႺ ல὾‫؞‬⒖Ϯ , ࢢ⹂ጪ⒖Ϯ , Fine Ceramic ⒖Ϯ (᥺Ҟ⁞ ೟ ) ᤟⸃⁞ (ᐂὦୂ , ↋῾ , Ϯ᥺ , ἒ⹊ , ᕲᢞ ೟ ) ⹊ , ὢ⸃ ೟ ‫؞‬⢮ ᷞᢛ↮ᤋ (研削砥石) ẾႺ , ᷞᆶ ẾႺ , ᆶ␞ᾚẾႺ , ӎ⒢ ἒ⹊ ẾႺ ᷞᢛ↮ᤋᷞᆶ ᆶ␞ᾚӎ⒢ἒ⹊ ⒖Ϯ (ᐂὦୂ , ↋῾ , ᷞᆶ⁞ , ᕲᢞ , ᆶ␞⁞ , ἒ⹊ ೟ ) d ⹊ , ὢ⸃ ‫؞‬⢮ ‫᥻׶‬ẗ⒖Ϯ (῿⁳ ೟ ) Ϯӣ⁞ (ཪ⤻᪒೟ ) ⃪⁞ẗ῾Ҟ (鋳造用粘結剤), ⃪⁞ẗҫ⹂ , ⃪⁞ẗ ⒖Ϯ ⃪⁞ẗὢ⸃ , ⃪⁞ẗல⸃ z ‫؞‬⢮ a c d ல‫׶‬ᵫ (⴪ᆷ᤟ᕲẾႺ ) ல‫׶‬ẃ⒖Ϯ (ӿ⣋ᕮᷚ , ᷞጢᐗ↮ , ጢῲⵢல‫׶‬ ⹆Ế ೟ ) ⹂᤟⒆ᆚᵫ (化成処理薬剤) ↲ӣல‫␗↋( ׶‬೟ )ᵫ , ẗᢚ⒆ᆚᵫ (溶射処理薬剤) e ⱊቢҫ⹂⒆ᆚ (♖⢲ , ↶⹂೟ ) c z a b c b TG XZ^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ❂ ೊ ẗலᕲᅆ ❂ ೊ z a ⱊቢᕶ᥺⹂⒆ᆚ ᶾ♛⒆ᆚᵫ , ᪒⬖⤞ᆯ⒆ᆚᵫ (スパッタリング処理薬剤), ᗺཪ᪒⪦⒆ᆚᵫ ‫؞‬⢮ ẗ῿⳺࿛᪒ Ꮾཻ⳺࿛᪒ (ᢞ⹂ᐗ↮ ೟ ) ẗ῿ẗϮ᪒ , ẗ૖ẗ (溶断用) Ϯ᪒ ‫؞‬⢮ ὿ேἎ὆‫؞‬Ἆ , ἒ⹊Ἆ ὆‫؞‬Ἆ ῶᷞἎ὆‫؞‬Ἆ Ⳳ၊ᤦ᪒Ἆ὆‫؞‬Ἆ ‫צ‬ᆚ᪒↋Ѓ ὿ேἎ⒖Ϯ , ἒ⹊Ἆ ⒖Ϯ ῶᷞἎ⒖Ϯ Ⳳ၊ᤦ᪒Ἆ⒖Ϯ ‫؞‬⢮ ᨆẗ᤟‫᥻׶‬ϮӣἎ὆‫؞‬Ἆ ᕶᨆẗ᤟‫᥻׶‬ϮӣἎ὆‫؞‬Ἆ , ᐗ⒛Ἆ὆‫؞‬Ἆ ᨆẗ᤟‫᥻׶‬ϮӣἎ⒖Ϯ ᕶᨆẗ᤟‫᥻׶‬ϮӣἎ⒖Ϯ , ᐗ⒛ ⒖Ϯ ‫؞‬⢮ ὾᤟ᾚႺ [#38-f Ṧ ], லῲᾚႺ , ⓶ῲலᾚႺ , ⸃ӿ⒢ᾚႺ ᐆல⒢ᾚႺ , Ἆ‫؞‬ᐆல⒢ᾚႺ , ᵏ ᾚႺ Ἆல⒢ᾚႺ , ΅ⵛ⒢ᾚႺ , ӎ⒢ῲⵢ↶ᾚႺ , ῲⵢᵏᾚႺ , separator ᾚႺ ӿல⫺၊ (光導波路) ᾚႺ (ӿ⫺ὢᑲ⯚ⵖ ), ӿⵇⴲᅲᾚႺ , ῲ὾‫؞؞‬ẗӿᾚႺ ᓷ↮ᾚ , ῶᷞᾚႺ , ᫒ೊᾚႺ ῲ὾‫؞‬ᶣᇒ⒢ᾚႺ (὾᤟ᾚႺ , ӿ⽏ᨆᢷ᥺೟ ) ‫؞‬⢮ ῲⵢ↶ᾚႺ , ῲⵢᵏᾚႺ , ῶᷞᾚႺ , separator ᾚႺ ῲ‫ק‬ᾚႺ (⹊ጪ↶ (活物質), ↿ῲ⒢ , லῲ , ᐂὦୂ೟ ), Ͼ‫ ק‬ ‫؞‬⢮ ᕮ᫋ᐗ↮ , ᐗ⒛ , ᐗ᫋ , ᐗ᪒⛮Ὢ (防スケール剤), ᐗ⁞ (防藻剤) ‫᥻׶‬ὢḖᓢ⓷ (捕捉剤), ‫᥻׶‬ὢḖᓷᦲ (封鎖剤), ҫᨆ ᷞ⹂ ὢḖԾ⹆⒢ (Ἆ‫؞‬ᏽጢ‫؞‬ὢḖԾ⹆⒢ ), ᕲᆚᆷ ᢞ⹂ , ⹆Ế pH ⁞ῶ , ᥺⯚ , Ἷ↿ , ᷚӪ⁞ , ⢶ᨆ⁞ , ὢḖԾ⹆ ᨆ↮ᾚᣋ ‫؞‬⢮ Ѣ⁞ , ⢶ᨆ b ⽏␗ (⢶◖ , ⢶↶ , Ϯ᪒⽏␗ ೟ ) c ⽏ᨆ (⢶ᢞ᥺ ೟ ) z ‫؞‬⢮ f 25-27, 30-32, 38, 44 Ṧ ］ 35 ẗ῿ᾚႺᏮཻᾚႺ , ẗ૖ẗᾚႺ 36 ὿ேἎ , ῶᷞἎ , Ⳳ၊ᤦ᪒Ἆ , ἒ⹊Ἆ (᷂↲Ἆ , ▃ᨆἎ , ᵃ▃‫؞‬Ἆ , ‫צ‬ᆚ᪒೟ ) [#37 Ṧ ] 37 ‫᥻׶‬ϮӣἎ (ῶᢛἎ , ᵃᷞἎ , Ⳳ࿶᪒Ἆ , ᷢ⒆ᆚἎ೟ ), ᐗ⒛Ἆ 38 ῲ‫؞‬ῲ὾ᾚႺ [૮᢯ᾚႺ೟὆ ⁞ẗⳲ၊ᤦ᪒ᾚႺ ⯚ⵖ ] [ῶᷞἎં#36] 39 ῲ↮ᾚႺ (1␖ῲ↮ , 2␖ῲ↮ ) g z a b c z a b c d e f g z a b c d z a b c d e f z a b z a b 40 ᨆ⒆ᆚ c d e 41 Ѣ⁞ , ⽏␗ ᢯ᤦẗலᕲᅆ TG XZ_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ❂ ೊ 42 ẗலᕲᅆ ᷢᇒ⒢ 43 ᕮேᵏ 44 Ѣᤒ὾ᾚ ⒖Ϯጪ (❆⡚ᆚ⪦ ⸪⹂ , ኗᾚᓢЃ ⵖ♖ ೟ ) 45 46 ᢞ⯚ , ᇒᆫ⒆ᕲ ῲ⒆ᆚᵫ (ἣᤒ , ⦎ᵿЊྷ , ᥺⹂ ೟) ᕲᆚ Ⳳ၊ᤦ᪒ 《ӿᶳ , ‫᥻׶‬ ⁞ᶳ὆ẗல 》 [▂▊ ẗ ં#07] ❂ ೊ a ࢷᇒ , ࢷϯ b ᷢᇒ , Ϯᷢ z a b z a b c d z a b c d ‫؞‬⢮ ᕮேᵏ (LLC ೟ ) ᐗ⒛ , ᐗ᫋ ‫؞‬⢮ ⱊቢҫ⹂ Ѓ⹂ , Ͼᨆ ὢ⸃ , ᥺⯚ ᓢЃⵖ♖ , ኗ↶⫾⒖Ϯ ᐗḒ (ᤎ΅லႺẗᶢᇋẗὢṦ὆ᐊᨆ ೟ ), ᐗᨆ , ᐊᨆ ‫؞‬⢮ ேҞᐗ↮ (ἣᤒ ೟ ) ⦎ᵿЊྷ , ↮ᐆЊྷ ᥺⹂ (消火剤) ὦӣЃẞ e Ἆ⒆ᆚ (油処理剤) f z a ᕲ↲Ҟⵗ , ᕲ↲ᐗ↮ , ኖ↲⒆ᆚ (煤塵処理剤) ‫؞‬⢮ ᕮἎᤎӿ , ᕮἎᶣ , Ἷ↿ , ‫ ▊♖᥻׶‬ b ‫᥻׶‬ᓢ⓷ (金属捕捉剤) z ‫؞‬⢮ a ᷞႺ ᷞႺ⒖Ϯ (⒛ ᕲᢞ , ᢞ⹂ᐗ↮ , ῾ல↮ᨆ⁞ , ᆶ␞΅Ͼ , ᐗ⒛ ) ᷞ᥺Њྷ (ᷞ᥺⓷↲ , ᤦ⢲Ϯⶓ᢯ , ᴶ⫞ḓ ೟ ) ᙇҞᐗ↮ , ␗◖ (着臭剤) ‫؞‬⢮ ᢯‫؞‬ὢṦ e b 47 98 99 ᷞႺ , ᷞႺ⒖Ϯ ‫؞‬⢮ẾႺ , ‫؞‬⢮⒖Ϯ ᨆ▊ẗ ᢯ᤦẗலᕲᅆ c d z a ‫؞‬⢮ẾႺ , ‫؞‬⢮⒖Ϯ a ᨆ▊ẗ TG XZ`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૖Ҳᇒ⒢૮‫؞‬ᨆҲ ᒲᐞ▊ྷ᷶☏ ◖‫ྷ׷‬Ӫጪᆚ⹂ⵇ`᤟᢯ ᓢ↋‫؞‬ᵃጪẗⵢல ᅪ‫⓶؞‬၊⹃ὦⵊᐞ▊ Ҳᨆᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚ૒Ἲ᫋ӪЇὢᐞ▊ྷἲ▂ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ᐞ▊ྷ◖‫⾨ྷ׷‬ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ὆ ЀἮㅯ◖‫ྷ׷‬ㅰӪㅯᐞ▊ྷㅰᶾ Ӯဖఆં ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᒲ ẗலᒲ ᶳ⁳ᒲᏽᢚẗӣ ᒲ၊ᷚ࿚Ϯ↮ᒮᨆᶾ὆ⵢᷯⶓἲᐉં૒ഞཪᤊὢẗⵊ ᐞ▊ҲᨆϮᶢඎⵊ⪧᤟Ἢ၊ὦⵢᢞ▊ఊѱὦ↮ᅪ⹃ὦⵎⴲẂϮὶ↮ᆺ‫⁢؞‬὆ ᆼἮᐞ▊Ҳᨆંᶢඒ⪧᤟Ἢ၊ᕮ⤞ᢞ▊ఆᶶં↮ᴺᨆᶴંѱὢᆼ૒ ૒ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪⹊ẗᐗᒃ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ◖‫ ંⵆ׷‬ӣ ⪧᤟ἲ ӎဒⵆᷚ &6὆ ӣ ᒂ⃪Ḯ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ ᒂ⃪ᶾᤊⵢ૧ఆંᒂ⃪ᅪ⹃ὦⵆӎ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᒲ၊╊ᴳ὆ҫẞᅪӎဒⵊ ᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᒲ⹆ҫᐞ▊᷶☏૖Ҳ ૖Ҳ᫊ࢆᆚḒᒲᢚẗྷᏽ⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪⹃ὦ ⹆ҫ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒḮ ϯ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᒲ၊ ᢚẗྷἲ ⹃ὦⵊ ⺲ᶾ <ⱊ >ᅪ ␦ӎⵆᷚ⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪ᅪᤎ⣋ⵊ૒ TG X[WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪ ᑶ⸦ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᣋᢞ ᷶⹂ⵇጪ↶ᤋἎ ⱶ␖‫᥻׶‬೟ ⸪ⵗἲ⦣ⵊ ⱶ ⁞ ᷶⮆ὦ⪦Ϯ ẗ ῿␗ ೟ ẾᾚႺḮ⹂ⵇ`Ҟⵗἲ⦣ⵊ ⱶ ⁞ ᷶17$Ϯ᥺ Ҟ ᤟ᾓἎல ೟ ӣ ᏽᣋᢞӣ ᶾᤊӣ ᓢ⁞ ၊ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ᷶‫᥻׶‬Ϯӣẗἒ⹊ ⃪⁞ӣ ὢ⸃ ೟ Ϯӣⱶࢢ၊⯚ⵖఆંᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ᷶லႺ෾ં❂⫳ᵏ὆Ҟⵗ ‫᥻׶‬ல‫ ׶‬೟ B ૒ᅦጪ↶၊ᒮ⹆ఆંᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ᷶὆ᵫⱶ ⁞ẗẾ ӎᕲ὾ ⁞ẗ૖ྷ⒢೟ C ӣ ᓢ⁞ ⸃⣊၊ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ᷶⁳ὢⱊᐟ ᤚἎ⢶↮ᤦ ೟ D ᷢϮ᥺᤟ᨆ↮ᣋᢞᶾᢚẗఆંኖ०ሦ὆ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ᷶17$ ⁞ẗWJOZMDIMPSJEFNPOPNFS೟ E ᨆ↮ӎጢ⯢ᆚሦᣋᢞӣ ⃿ᓢ⁞ ၊ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ᷶1& ⁞ẗTUZSFOFӎጢҫ⹂ ೟ Ꮾ⮾Ҳࢢጪ↶὆ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ᷶ࢷேᤒᘲ὆ᨊ⹆ࢷᇒᒮᵃ‫؞‬὆ῶᷞἎ೟ B Њᐗఊ⸃⣊၊ӣ ᓢ⁞ ὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒ࢢᢚẗ ᷶ᕮ᫋ᐗ↮ ἒ⹊Ἆ೟ C Њᐗఊ⸃⣊၊ᐆἿ᤟ጪ↶὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒ࢢᢚẗ ᷶ᤦ⢯ẗᤦ ᥺ளẗӪᢞ⹂ᨆ᥺೟ D Ϯӣⱶࢢᶾ⯚ⵖఊጪ↶὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒ࢢᢚẗ ᷶லႺ෾ં❂⫳ᵏ὆Ҟⵗ ᤚἎᷪႺ೟ E Њᐗఊ⸃⣊၊ӣ ᓢ⁞ ὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒Ṧᢚẗ F Њᐗఊ⸃⣊၊ᐆἿ᤟ጪ↶὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒Ṧᢚẗ G Ϯӣⱶࢢᶾ⯚ⵖఊጪ↶὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒Ṧᢚẗ B Ꮾ⮾Ҳࢢጪ↶὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒ࢢᢚẗ ᷶ࢷᾓӎᨊ⹆ࢷᇒ೟ C Ꮾ⮾Ҳࢢጪ↶὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒Ṧᢚẗ ᷶὾ே␖᷂↲ḒὪᗺ࿶ὢ⡚ḒὪ೟ B ᾓ‫؞‬ϲ᥺ྷᐞ▊ఆંḲ ⱶᏽᾚႺ὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒Ṧᢚẗ ᷶‫᥻׶‬ኗ ⳺ཪ᪒⫟೟Ѣ▃ᾚ C ὆ல`ὢўࢆᾓ‫؞‬ϲ૒ྷᐞ▊ఆંḲ ⱶᏽᾚႺ὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒Ṧᢚẗ ᷶␖ྷẢῲ೟ TG X[XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ B ᾓ‫؞‬ϲ᥺ྷᐞ▊ఆંḲ ⱶᏽᾚႺ὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒ࢢᢚẗ ᷶லᤊᫎጦῲ὾ ⱶ೟ C ὆ல`ὢўࢆᾓ‫؞‬ϲ૒ྷᐞ▊ఆંḲ ⱶᏽᾚႺ὆ᘲᢞᶳ`᫒ࢢᢚẗ ᷶᫒ࢢலᾓ ў೟ B ᥺ྷᐞ▊ఆંᷞᆶӪ ᶾᤊḲ ⱶ὆ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ᷶ᤚἎ ૖‫᥻׶‬ᷞᆶϮӣ೟ C ૒ྷᐞ▊ఆંᷞᆶӪ ᶾᤊḲ ⱶ὆ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ᷶ᤎᐃலᾓ ў೟ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪ᅪᤎ⣋ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵆᷚӣ ᒂ⃪ḮᷞҲⵆᷚ[ⱊ30]ἲ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ᤎ⣋ⵎᨆὶ૒. <ⱊ>ӣ ᒂ⃪⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪὆ᷞҲӮҲ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ ᒂ⃪ 1 2 3 4 5 6a 6b 6c 6d 7 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f 9a 9b 10a 10b 11a 11b 12a 12b ӣ ᒂ⃪ 1 O O O 2 O O O 3 O O O O 4 O O O O 5 O O O 6 O 7 O O 8 O O O O O O O O O O 9 O O O O O O O O O O 10 O O 11 12 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 13 14 O O O O O O O O 15 O O 16 17 O O 18 O O 19 O O O O O O 20 O O 21~27 TG X[YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૖Ҳᇒ⒢૮‫؞‬ᨆҲ⦎ᵿ ᒲᐞ▊ྷ᷶☏ ૖Ҳᶾᤊ ᤒ ఊ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ ᒂ⃪ᶾ ഞཪ ᇒ⒢૮‫ ؞‬ᨆҲ ⦎ᵿ ᒲ၊ ⵢ૧ ᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆ᢚẗྷ૮ᘲᐞ▊ᘲ἖ὢᤒ ఆӎὢᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚ╊ᴳ὆ҫẞᅪ Ϯ ⵊᐞ▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶ૒ <ⱊ>⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪ᶾഞᅦᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ᘲ἖ ᒂ⃪ ՚ᕲ Ꮾ⮾ᷚᕮ ᐞ▊Ế ᫒ࢢṦ 1 ⁞ Open/Closed ᢞᶳ 2 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Open/Closed 3 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) 4 ᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ᘲ἖ ૮‫؞‬ ᨆҲ ⦎ᵿ ᫒ࢢ 5% 6% 0.01% ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 2.50% 2% 0.01% Open/Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 30% 0.20% 0.10% ᢚẗ Open/Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 100% 100% 5% 5 ᢚẗ Open/Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 50% 50% 1% 6a ᢚẗ Open/Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 5% 2% 0.10% 6b ᢚẗ Open/Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 0.10% 5% 0.03% 6c ᢚẗ Open/Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 5% 5% 0% 6d ᢚẗ Open/Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 35% 0.01% 0.03% 7 ᢚẗ Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 5% 5% 5% 8a ᢚẗ Open/Closed Њὦ ᫒ࢢ 100% 100% n.a. 8b ᢚẗ Open/Closed Њὦ ᫒ࢢ 0.10% 2% n.a. 8c ᢚẗ Open/Closed Њὦ ᫒ࢢ 15% 1% n.a. 8d ᢚẗ Open/Closed Њὦ ᫒Ṧ 100% 100% 20% 8e ᢚẗ Open/Closed Њὦ ᫒Ṧ 0.10% 2% 1% 8f ᢚẗ Open/Closed Њὦ ᫒Ṧ 15% 1% 0.50% 9a ᢚẗ Closed Њὦ ᫒ࢢ 5% 5% n.a. 9b ᢚẗ Closed Њὦ ᫒Ṧ 5% 5% 5% 10a ⱶ Open Њὦ ᫒Ṧ 0.05% 3.2.% 3.20% 10b ⱶ Open Њὦ ᫒Ṧ 100% 100% 100% 11a ⱶ Open Њὦ ᫒ࢢ 0.05% 0.05% n.a. 11b ⱶ Open Њὦ ᫒ࢢ 100% 100% n.a. 12a ⱶ Open/Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 12b ⱶ Open/Closed ᢞᶳ ᫒ࢢ 20% 20% 20% TG X[ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ↮ᷛ૖Ỳ὆⹆ҫᐞ▊᷶☏ᐗᒃ Ϯ ᶳ⁳ᏽẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᶾഞᅦᐞ▊Ҳᨆ⹊ẗᐗᒃ ᶳ⁳ᏽẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᅪ⃿᫚Ἢ၊&6ᶾᤊ ӣⵆં↮ᷛ૖Ỳ὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ ⹆ҫᐞ▊ἲ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ⮷Ϯῶ␖ᶾഞᅦ૒ῲ՛૖Ỳ὆⹆ҫᐞ▊᷶☏ᐗᒃӪ ᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊ ᢞᶳ ᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ*OEVTUSZ DBUFHPSZ ẗல ᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ6TF $BUFHPSZ ᅪ ⹃ὦⵆӎ⁞ᶳὪᨆḮ◖‫ྷ׷‬ἲ⹃ὦⵆᷚᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪᤒ ⵊ૒ ૮ྷᣋᢞ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ⃪Ẃ૮᢯ὢఆ቞૖Ὢ῾ḒᷪẾἲ⦣ⵢᐞ▊ఊ૒ӎ Ϯ ⵆᷚᐞ▊ᕲ἖Ӫጪ↶ὢᢚẗఆંὪᨆᐞ▊Ὢᨆ ᅪ‫⓶؞‬၊૒ἺӪЇὢ ↮ᷛ૖Ỳ὆⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$MPDBM ᅪᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ E local = F mainsouce × R ELEASE reg × i, j i i, j 365 Jᣋᵎ૖ҲKᇒ⒢ T emission i ƊƍƁſƊƇì ƈ : ↮ᷛ‫׊‬ኖᣋᵎ૖Ҳ , ᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ྷ(kg/day) ƋſƇƌƑƍƓƁƃƇ : ᣋᵎ૖Ҳᒲᐞ▊ᕲ἖(-) ƃƋƇƑƑƇƍƌƇ : ᣋᵎ૖Ҳ὆ᐞ▊Ὢᨆ(day) ᶳ⁳ᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ*$ ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ6$ ᶾഞᅦᐞ▊Ҳᨆંᓦ↮♖ᤊ<ᒲⱊ>ἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ TG X[[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᐞ▊ྷ⁞ᢚᶾഞᅦᢞ ↮♖⹊ẗᐗᒃ ↮ᷛ‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$MPDBM ᢞ ἲỲⵢᤊⴲẂⵊ↮ᷛ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ᐞ▊ྷ E local i, j Ἦ 〽⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᐞ▊ྷ ⁞ᢚ ல〾ᶾᤊ ӣⵆં 〽⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᐞ▊ྷᢞ ↮♖〾ἲ⃮ẗⵆᷚᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ḮЇὢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᐞ▊ྷᢞ ↮♖ᶾഞཪӣ ἲ՚ᕲⵆӎጪ↶ ᨆ↮ᒃ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᒃ ↯῿☏ ᒃ ӣⵇ` Ҳᢞᒃ὆ ऒ Ϯ↮ ‫؞‬ᒃἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ᢚᶳᾓᶾᤊ↯῿◖‫ⵇ⹂ંⵆ׷‬ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽⹂ⵇጪ↶ᐞ▊ྷᢞ ↮♖〾὆ӣ ՚ᕲ TG X[\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆ⹂ⵇጪ↶⹆ҫᇒ↶ॻல὆⮷Ϯ ⹆ҫ ०▊⮷Ϯં ╊⁳`Ἢ၊ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ⹆ҫᇒ↶὆ Ḓᷪலᅪ ⦣ⵢ ὢზᶢ↮ࢆὢᅪỲⵢῲ՛‫׊‬ኖḮ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ాϮ↮ӣϲ‫׊‬ኖᅪϯϯ Ҳᢞⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ᓦ૖ཫᶾᤊં૒Ἲ὆ࢢẗἲᤒታⵊ૒ • ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞ‫؞‬ᓦ↮♖ • ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ⸃ᏽᨆ᫋ἲὢẗⵊPEC Ҳᢞ • PEC Ҳᢞኖ⸃ᢚẗ ᫒ ҲᢞӪӮဖఊኖ⸃὆ ՚⁞ᏽᤦᕮᨆ᫋೟ἲ⹃ὦⵆӎ὾ⵎҫẞ 〿⹆ҫ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல Ҳᢞ ኖ⸃぀ ᇒ੢ᶪ૒Ả၊ೊҫ၊ XXXOJFSHPLSᏽ ᓦ↮♖὆ᒲ␳ᶾᨆ။ ἲ␦⁞ⵎѱἲպᾓⵊ૒ ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞ‫؞‬ᓦ↮♖ ⹆ҫॻல὆ҲᢞἮ०▊⮷Ϯ⃿⹆ҫ०▊ἲỲⵊᢚῲ૖Ҳ၊ᤊ૒Ἲᤦ Ӫ ᶾഞཪᨊ␖`Ἢ၊ὢზᶢ↲૒ イ◖‫⁞׷‬ѢӪỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳᷶ᅪ೒ቢጪ↶὆ᵿӣ Ḗலᢚẗᏽ⹊ ே὆‫؞‬ϲᏽᘶல⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ೟ ὆Ҟ ゥỲイᶾഞᅦ૮᢯ጪ↶὆ᐞ▊ྷҲᢞ ウᐞ▊ྷᶾഞᅦ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞ ὢ࿚ⵊӪ ἲўⒾҲᢞఊ⹆ҫॻலᅪὢẗⵆᷚ⹆ҫ०▊⮷ϮϮὢზᶢ↶ ᨆὶ૒ὢഺ०▊⮷Ϯં‫צ‬ҞӪᶾഞཪⴲẂⵊҫẞᾚ⮷Ϯᅪⵎᨆὶ૒ ⅷᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦҞӪ◖‫⁞׷‬ѢӪỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ὢ ⁞ᏽᢚẗᶾὶᶢỲⷆἲ Ӯᆚⵆં ୞ Ꮶ⽏ⵆўࢆ `ῶⵆ↮ ᴸ૒ӎ ⫾૖ఆቢ ὢ೒ ⁞ѢӪ ᨆ૖ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᾚᤒ ἲ⦣ⵆᷚ०▊ἲᾚ⮷Ϯᅪⵎᨆὶ૒ὢ࿚ⵊᾚᤒ Ἦ૒Ἲᶾࢆᷢఊ ᢚⵛἲ⯚ⵖⵊኖ೎ῶ␖૖ҲᶾᤊϮઓⵆ૒૖, ὢഺᾚᤒ ఊӮᆚ⁞Ѣὢࢆ ᨆ૖Ἦⷲ᫒ἲ⁮ୂ ⹃⽶ᐆᷯⵆંѱὢᶢᵪᆺⵊ૒. �G ⪧ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ὆▂Ϯ෾ંᾚᤒ �G Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳◖‫⁞׷‬ѢӪ ᷞҞఆᶢᵪ ⵆં ૮ⱊ`ὦ ⷲᾓ ୞ὢ⤞ ᷶ᐞ▊᫒☏Ѐ ᶾ‫ⵊ⓶؞‬ᐞ▊▂ ᐗᒃ`ẗᒮᨆ⁞ TG X[]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  • ᢚẗྷ὆↮ல⹂ᏽϯϯ὆Њᒲᢚẗྷ(᷶: ᫊ᾓ୞ὢ⤞೟)ᶾⵎ૧ఊ ⦒ᨆ὆ ⹃ⵆӎ Ծⵊ⁞ • ⹆ҫ☏ ୞ὢ⤞ᢚẗ(૮ⱊ`⹆ҫॻல⸧Ἦ☏ ఊⵆ⒊Ἆྷ೟ ᨆ ẗ⹆ҫ὆⪧᤟) • ঀἮ૖Ҳ὆०▊▂ ኖ⸃ᢚẗ • ⁮ୂ ⹃ⵊጪ↶὆ጪ᤟Ѐ(᷶: ጪẗⵢல, ↋‫؞‬ᵃ, ḓ⢲Ḛ/ጪᕲᐞҲ ᨆ, ᕲⵢ᥻ல), ᕲᐞҲᨆ೟ᢚẗ Ϯ ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞ ⹆ҫॻல⸧Ἦ ०▊⮷Ϯ ં Ế♇`Ἢ၊ ా Ϯ↮ ӣϲ ‫׊‬ኖᶾ ૮ⵢ ⮷Ϯఊ૒ ኖ೎ ῾ḒᷪẾ ᏽ ᕲᢞ` ᘲ῾ḒᷪẾἲ ⯚ⵖⵆં ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ SFHJPOBM BTTFTTNFOUḮ ⹆ҫἪ၊ ᐞ▊ఆં ⵆࢆ὆ ῾ḒᷪẾ ⸧Ἦ ᕲᢞ` ᘲ῾ḒᷪẾἲ ӎဒⵊ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ⹆ҫ Ḓᷪலᅪ ⮷Ϯⵆં MPDBM BTTFTTNFOUϮ ‫צ‬ѱὢ૒ ⹆ҫॻலંὪ␖`Ἢ၊⃪Ẃ⹆ҫᇒ↶ὦ૮‫؞‬ጪᏪጪ ♖ῲጪ⦎ᵿᶾ૮ⵢ Ҳᢞఆ቞ὢᅪ1&$ཪᕮᅦ૒1&$ᅪ‫⓶؞‬၊՛↮`ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫḒᷪᶾ ഞᅦᣋ⣊Ҳ὆०▊ᨆ⃮↮࿯ὢᅆḮᶢᅆᶾ૮ⵊὢ␖ள᤟೟⯚ⵖ Ӫᢚེ὆ ⵆზᤛ◖ྷἲ⮷Ϯⵎᨆὶ૒ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ⮷Ϯ3FHJPOBMBTTFTTNFOU ँἮ ᷯᷛᶾᤊ ῾ḒᷪẾ ᏽ ᕲᢞ᤟ ᘲ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ᐞ▊ఆં ጪ↶὆ ॻலંῲ՛ἲ૮ⱊⵆં⹆ҫᶾᤊ⮷Ϯఊ૒ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊጪ↶὆ே⣊ંᐞ▊ ὢ⺲ὢேӪᒮ⹆Ӫ ᶾୂ‫آ‬᫊ϲἲϮ↶ᨆὶ૒ં῾ᶾᤊ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖᶾ ᤊ὆ ே⣊Ḯ ૒ᅢ૒ ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ሪ ўᆚᶾ ὶўࢆ ᐞ▊Ế೒ὢ ँѺ ᕲᢞఆᶢὶἲഺጪ↶὆▂Ϯ`ὦὢேӪᕲᐞᕲⵢ೟૒ᵿⵊ⹆ҫӪ ೒ὢ ӮᷚⵆѺఆᎮ၊ὢ೒὆ᷯⶓὢӎဒఊ૒ⅷᇒ↶ϲὢேӪᕲⵢ‫؞‬὿ὢ ᢯૮`Ἢ၊⃿ẂⵆѺ⯚ⵖఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ഞཪᤊῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫॻலᅪҲᢞ ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢᤊં ὢ೒ ૒ᵿⵊ ⹆ҫ Ӫ ೒὆ ᷯⶓἲ ே᫊ᶾ ӎဒⵆં ⵊ՛⸃ ૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃ὢᢚẗఊ૒ ὢ ҫẞ ϯϯ὆ ⹆ҫ ᇒ↶၊὆ ኖ೎ ᐞ▊Ἦ Ὢ ⵊ ᥻ல၊ ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ Ὢᶢࢆં ѱἪ၊ Ϯ ⵆ቞ ▗ᕲⵊ ᫊ϲὢ ↮ࢊ ⺲ ⹆ҫॻலϮ ᫊ϲᶾ ഞཪ TG X[^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᒮⵆ↮ ᴸѺ ఎ ഺᅪ Ϯ ⵆં ᢯᢯⣊὆ ॻலϮ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ෾ⵊ ὢ࿵Ѻ Ҳᢞఊῲ՛ॻலં՛↮`ॻலᅪҲᢞⵎഺᐞҫॻலЀἪ၊ᢚẗఊ૒ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆⮷Ϯ-PDBMBTTFTTNFOU ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ⮷Ϯં ⵊఊ ӣϲ ࢢ὆ ᥺ᨆ὆ ⪧ ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ᐞ▊ὢὪᶢࢆંҫẞḮ‫צ‬ӣϲࢢᶾᤊ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲᢞ`ᢚẗ೟Ἢ၊ὦⵢ ᐞ▊ὢ Ὢᶢࢆં ҫẞ὆ ా Ϯ↮ᅪ ૒ლ૒ ⵆࢆ὆ ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ᐞ▊ఆં ૮᢯ጪ↶὆ ॻலં ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ Ὢᐆ`ὦ ⱊ⃮ ↮ᷛ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵢ ⮷Ϯఊ૒ ⱊ⃮↮ᷛ⹆ҫἮ⪧ ᾓ᥺Ϯᴲ઺Ꮶᆚ ὆ఊ⪧᤟ἲЄંϮ᢯὆↮ᷛἪ၊ᤊ Ꮶᆚ ⃪ᶢ↲ 〽ⱊ⃮ ⹆ҫ〾Ἢ၊ ὆ఆ቞ ०▊ ૮᢯Ἦ ‫↮ צ‬ᷛ ࢢᕮ ⸧Ἦ ҫҲᶾᤊ०▊ఆંѱἪ၊Ϯ ⵊ૒ὢҫẞᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ‫؞‬ϲ⃿ᶾὪᶢࢊ ᐞ▊ὢ ϲⶾ`ὦ↮ ↮᥻`ὦ↮ᶾં ӮҲ ᶴὢ ᐞ▊ ┋ྷἲ ‫؞ צ‬ϲ὆ ┋ Ὢᨆ၊ࢆ৶⮷‫ⵆ׎‬ზᐞ▊ྷἲᢚẗⵆᷚॻலᅪҲᢞⵊ૒ὢ࿚ⵊॻலં ᐞ▊ὢ Ὢᶢࢎ ഺ ⵆზ ேᴶ ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ᶢ੾ ல ὢҗఊ ўᆚⱊ⃮ N ᶾᤊ᷶᢯ఆંॻலᅪࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊ὆ॻலં᢯૮`Ἢ၊ᐞ▊Ӫ०▊↮῾Ӫ὆ўᆚϮ⇕‫؞‬ ഺጦᶾ ⓶‫؞‬὆ ⸪ⵗӪ ᕮἎጪ↶૮‫ ⃿ ؞‬έ὾ ጪ᥻὆ ᕮἎ ӎ⸃ጪ↶ ၊὆ ⽏␗ᶾ὆ⵊᷯⶓᆺἲӎဒⵆᷚҲᢞఊ૒ഞཪᤊᕲⵢࢆ⢮ᇒ⒢၊὆ῲὢ೟ ૒ᅦⳲ၊ᤦ᪒ં՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆᷶☏ॻலҲᢞᶾᤊંӎဒఆ↮ᴸં૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ᶾ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊ҫ၊Ḯϯᇒ↶ᢚὢᶾᤊ὆⃪Ẃᕲᐞ Ⳳ၊ᤦ᪒ᅪ⢮ࢆࢢᶶ૒ TG X[_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <‫צ‬ᆪ>՛↮`‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊ὆ᕲᐞᢞᶳ᫊ᤒᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ Ϯ ᢞᶳ᫊ᤒᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊ ᢞᶳ᫊ᤒ὆ᐞ▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં῾ḒᷪẾὦ⪧ ᫊ᤒ၊ᕮ⤞૮‫؞‬Ḯጪ⦎ᵿ Ἢ၊ὢზᶢ↮ંҫẞᅪӎဒⵊ૒ ૮‫ॻ؞‬லં ῾ḒᷪẾ὆ ⪧ ঀὢᶾᤊ ૮‫؞‬၊ ↯῿ ᐞ▊ὢ ఊ ⺲ ⹃ᢞὢ Ὢᶢࢆં ҫẞᅪ ⃪၊ ӎဒⵆᷚ Ҳᢞఆ቞ ⴲẂⵊ ҫẞᶾ ⮾ᨆࢆ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ ᤒᘲᶾᤊ Ὢᶢࢆં ૮‫؞‬ᐞ▊ல ૖ளἪ၊ ⸧Ἦ ▂Ϯ`Ἢ၊ ӎဒⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ᨆҲ὆ ॻலં ᢞᶳ ⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ8851 ⸧Ἦ ல᫊ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ᶾᤊ ᐞ▊ⵆં ҫẞᅪ ӎဒⵆᷚ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ὢഺ ᢞᶳ᫊ᤒ ⸧Ἦ ல᫊὆ ᣋጪⵇ` ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒᶾ૮ⵢᤊંⱊ⃮ኖ୦ἲᢚẗⵢ⒆ᆚ⺲὆ᐞ▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ⦎ᵿॻலંἎ࿫ᶾᤊં451὆᪚࿚↮ᅪॻ↮ᶾ⹊ẗⵎഺᅪ⃪၊ӎဒⵆ↮ᆺ ẞᆚࢆཪᶾᤊં ӎဒⵆ↮ ᴸӎ ૮‫؞‬၊ ᐞ▊ఊ ጪ↶὆ ♖`ἲ ⦣ⵢ Ὢᶢࢆં ҫẞᆺӎဒⵆᷚҲᢞఊ૒ TG X[`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆ ᕲᢞ`ᢚẗXJEFEJTQFSTJWFVTFT ᶾഞᅦᐞ▊ ጪ↶὆ᕲᢞ`ᢚẗᶾഞᅦᐞ▊Ἦ᥺ᘲ὾ࢆӣӣᷯᷛ᥺‫׊‬ኖᘲᢞᶳ⹺ᢚ ⯚ⵖ ὆ᆼἮὢẗ὾೒ᶾ὆ⵢጪ↶ὢᢚẗఆ቞ὢӪ ᶾᤊᐞ▊ఆંҫẞᅪ ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ ‫צ‬࿚ࢆ ጪ↶὆ ᕲᢞ` ᢚẗᶾ ഞᅦ ᐞ▊ᶾ ὆ⵊ Ḓᷪலᅪ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖᶾ૮ⵢᤊ⮷ϮⵆંѱἮ‫⓶╊צ‬὆ᐞ▊Ἦᕲᢞ`ὢཪⵆୂཪல‫צ‬೒ὢ ૒᫊ኖాኖᴲ…ᤊկ‫`ק‬Ἢ၊ં῾ḒᷪẾ὆⸃⣊၊ᐞ▊ὢὢზᶢ↮ંҫẞ ᆺἲ ⯚ⵖⵊ૒ ഞཪᤊ ᐞ▊ὢ ‫؞‬ᓦ`Ἢ၊ ⱊ⃮↮ᷛ ࢢ὆ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ၊ ኖᴲ… ⒆ᆚఊ ⺲ᶾ ᐞ▊ఆં ҫẞᆺἲ ӎဒⵆ቞ ҞӪ`Ἢ၊ ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ ϲ⃪ఆં ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒᶾᤊ ጪ၊὆ ᐞ▊ᆺ ӎဒఊ૒ ‫ צ‬ᐄ὆ ᕲᢞ` ᢚẗᶾ ഞᅦ ૮‫؞‬Ḯ ⦎ᵿἪ၊὆ ↯῿` ᐞ▊Ἦ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊં ӎဒఆ↮ ᴸἪ቞ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊᆺӎဒఊ૒ TG X\WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆ ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞἲỲⵊ᫊ϲ‫⃮؞‬ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ3FHJPOBMTDBMF ጪ↶὆ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ ᐞ▊Ἦ ᷞϲ ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ ᐊᣋⵊ૒ӎ Ϯ ⵊ૒ ഞཪᤊ ⮷‫ ׎‬०▊ ᨆ⃮⹆ҫॻல Ἦ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ ኖ୦၊ ᷞϲ ᐞ▊ ᥻லᅪ ὢẗⵢᤊᢞ ⵊ૒‫צ‬ᆚӎὢ೒1&$ંὢᶢ↮ંỲⵢ᤟⮷ϮӪ ᶾᤊᾓ‫؞‬ ள᤟὾ႺḮᘲԾⵊ૒ ⪧⽶⹆ҫἪ၊὆ᐞ▊Ἦ┋ᢚẗ‫؞‬ϲᶾѦⒾ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ᐊᣋⵆંѱἪ၊ Ϯ ⵊ૒ⵊ ᫊ᾓᷞல὆ᐞ▊Ἦ ῲलல᫊ᾓӪᏦ᫊྆ᾓ὆ᐞ▊ྷὢୂⵢ ↮Ꭾ၊ጪ↶὆〿NBSLFUIJTUPSZ぀Ḯ〿NBSLFUGVUVSF぀Ϯ⃿Ẃⵊᷛⵎἲⵊ૒ં ѱὢӎဒఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ഞཪᤊ೟။὾ં᪒᪒၊ጪ↶὆ᣋᢞ⃪‫؞‬Ϯ ᢯᢯⣊ᶾ ல૚ⵆં↮ᶾ૮ⵢὦ᫋ⵢᵪⵊ૒ὢ࿚ⵊ ᢯᢯⣊ંᷞϲ⫾ᇒྷὢᢚẗ‫ⵊ؞‬ ࡋᶾ⮾‫⒆؞‬ᆚఆᶢ૒ᅦ ⱶἪ၊Ծ⒢ఆўࢆ෾ંҫᾯἪ၊ᕮ⤞᫊ᾓ῾Ἆ ἖ἲάўࢆᶩંҫẞᶾ὆ⵢல▊ఖἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ഞཪᤊὢ࿚ⵊҫẞⷲᾚ὆ ᷞϲᣋᢞྷᶾᢚẗ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ ⱶ὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᅪӟⵆᷚᷞϲᐞ▊ྷἲ▂ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ-PDBMTDBMF ጪ↶὆՛↮`ᐞ▊Ἦ↮᥻`Ὢᨆல⸧Ἦϲⶾ`Ὢᨆὶ૒↮᥻`ᐞ▊὆ ⪧⇃Ἦў὆Ὢ ⵊᐞ▊᥻ல၊ᾓ‫`؞‬ὦ‫؞‬ϲ᷶ᅪ೒ᶢὪ὿ᶳὪᨆ ேᴶ ᐞ▊ఊ૒૮‫؞‬Ḯጪ၊὆ᐞ▊᥻லંⵆზ᫊ϲ ⮷‫׎‬Ἢ၊Ҳᢞⵊ૒ὢѱἮ ᐞ▊ὢⵆზ ⃿૖↮ት ᫊ϲᆺὪᶢࢆୂཪலὢѱἲ᫊ϲ⮷‫׎‬Ἢ၊ᢚẗ ⵊ૒ંѱἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ ⵊ⮦ ૮ᕮᕲ὆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ↯῿`Ἢ၊ ⦎ᵿἪ၊ ᐞ▊ఆ↮ ᴸἪ቞ ⦎ᵿἮ ૮‫ⱊ↮ࢆ؞‬ᨆḮᘲԾⵢ୊ே`ὢᎮ၊Ἇ᢯ᣋጪ၊὆०▊Ἦᐞ▊᥻ல὆Ὢ ᫊`ὦ ᒮேᶾ ᷯⶓ ᐉ↮ ᴸં૒ӎ Ϯ ⵊ૒ ෾ⵊ ⯚᫋ேጪӪ ᢚེ὆ ҫẞ ὢ࿚ⵊ ᒮேἮ ‫צ‬೒ ᨆታӪ ᆺ᤟ ⺖ӪϮ ӎဒఆં ᫊ϲ ‫׊‬ኖḮ ᘲԾⵢ ૒᥺ ૖‫`؞‬ὦ᤟ⶓἲϮ↲૒ഞཪᤊ⯚᫋ேጪӪᢚེἏ᢯ᣋጪ೒Ἦᾓ‫؞‬ϲ὆⮷‫׎‬ ᨆ⃮Ἢ၊०▊ఊ૒ӎϮ ⵆ቞ὢѱἮᷞϲ⮷‫׎‬ᐞ▊᥻ல၊ᕮ⤞ᶩᶢ↲૒ ϯᇒ↶὆1&$ҲᢞἲỲⵊ૮᢯ᒲᇒ↶ᒲ᫊ϲ`‫ئ‬ὢ὆‫⃮؞‬Ἦ<ⱊ> ḮЇ૒ TG X\XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>ॻலҲᢞ‫⃮؞‬ ⹆ҫ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ०▊ᇒ⒢ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ Ꮺጪ Ꮺጪ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ॻல ᐞ▊ὢᐊᣋⵎேᴶ὆ ॻலᷞ⮷‫ ׎‬ ♖ῲጪ ♖ῲጪ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ॻல ỲᏪጪӪ὆⮷⸃ॻல ⦎ᵿ ॻҫ↮⦎ᵿ ॻҫ↮὆ ᢯᢯⣊ॻல ॻҫ↮EBZ⮷‫ॻ׎‬ல ૮‫؞‬ ૮‫؞‬ ૮‫؞‬὆ ᢯᢯⣊ॻல ῾ḒᷪẾPS451၊ᕮ⤞ Nᶾᤊ὆૮‫ॻ؞‬லᷞ⮷‫ ׎‬ ጪ ૒ ⹆ҫᇒ↶὆⪧᤟ ῲ՛Ӫ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ 1&$Tં ẞᆚࢆཪ ⹆ҫᶾᤊ ጪ↶὆ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⓶‫؞‬ ᨆ⃮὆ ⮷Ϯ ҞӪᅪ ⹻ೋⵆં ѱὢ Ὢᐆ`ὦ ኗ`ὢ‫ ؞‬ഺጦᶾ ẞᆚࢆཪ὆ ⹆ҫἲᾆ૮ⱊⵆંϯϯⵆࢆ὆ⱊ⃮⹂ఊὪᐆ`⹆ҫὢ ὆ఎⴲẂϮὶ૒ ഞཪᤊⷲ᫒὆⹆ҫ⪧᤟Ἦᕲታ᫊ϲӪӣϲᶾഞཪ૒ᵿⵆҎ↮ᆺὢ⮷Ϯ὆ ኗ`᢯ ẞᆚࢆཪᅪ ᾆ ૮ⱊⵆல။ ╊`⹂ఊ ⹆ҫ ᇒ↶὆ ⪧᤟ ᒮᨆ೒὆ ‫؞‬ᓦЀ೒ὢҞ ఆᶢὶἪ቞‫צ‬Ѐ೒ὢ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞ᫊ᢚẗఊ૒ TG X\YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ⸃ᏽᨆ᫋ἲὢẗⵊ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞ ⹆ҫ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல὆ҲᢞἮ ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃(૒Ả၊ೊҫ၊: www.nier.go.kr)ἲὢẗⵆᷚҲᢞⵎᨆὶ૒ኖ⸃ࢢᶾᤊ⹆ҫॻல὆ҲᢞἮ ኖ⸃ࢢⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃ἲὢẗⵊ ᢯᢯⣊ᶾᤊ὆ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫ ॻலḮ ૒ᇒ⒢ ே⣊ኖ⸃ὢ ᴲ઺ ᒲல὆ Ҳᢞᐗᒃἲ ὢẗⵊ ᐞ▊ ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ ேᴶ὆՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலᅪϯϯҲᢞⵆᷚὢᅪⵗᢞⵊЀἲ╊⁳՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫ᷶☏ॻல၊ᢞ▊ⵊ૒ ૖ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலᅪҲᢞⵎഺ૒Ἲϯҫẞᶾં ӣఊኖ⸃ἲᢚẗ ⵆ↮ᴸўࢆ ⵊఊᐗ᫋Ἢ၊ᢚẗⵆંѱἲẾ♇Ἢ၊ⵊ૒ イ૮᢯ጪ↶ὢ⃿‫᥻׶‬ὢࢆ૒ᅦጢ‫؞‬ጪὦҫẞᨆἮἲ ṦⵊὪᕮ⃿‫᥻׶‬὆ ҫẞ⓶‫؞‬ᨆ⃮὆⮷Ϯᅪኗ`Ἢ၊ંኖ⸃ᢚẗϮઓ ゥ ૮᢯ጪ↶ὢ ⸪ⵗጪὢ቞ ⸪ⵗጪ ῲ⒢὆ ⹆ҫ ॻலᅪ ᷶☏ⵆӎ὾ ⵆં ҫẞ⸪ⵗጪ⃿὆⪧ Њᒲጪ↶὆ॻலᅪ᷶☏ⵆӎ὾ⵆ቞‫צ‬ጪ↶ὢ Ἆ‫؞‬ጪὪҫẞኖ⸃ᢚẗὢϮઓ ウᕲ὾՚⁞Ϯታ⹃ⵆ↮ᴸἮἎ‫؞‬ጪ↶᷶ᣋ⒢ᶾᤊἎ྆ⵊў૮ᕲ὾ Ϯ ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃ ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃Ἦ᪒⡚ᆚોᨆ⃮ᶾᤊ‫⾞⁢؞‬ᫎ‫ⵇ⹂׊‬ጪ↶὆ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ ⹆ҫॻலᅪ Ҳᢞⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ &6 4JNQMF#PYᅪ ᐂ⣃Ἢ၊ ՛ࢢ ⹆ҫᶾ `ⵗⵆல။⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ἲ╊`⹂ⵊኖ⸃ὢ૒‫؞‬ᓦ`Ἢ၊ϯ⹆ҫᇒ↶ἲ ‫ⵊ↶׎‬POFCPY၊Ϯ ⵆӎϯᇒ↶ᒲ၊ⵆࢆ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ጪ↶ᨆ↮᫋ἲᤦẢಒ ‫צ‬᫋೒ἲᷞᆫⵆᷚⵢᅪ՚ⵖἪ၊᭖૒ᇒ⒢ॻல೒ἲே᫊ᶾҲᢞⵆல။ఆᶢ ὶ૒.BDLBZMFWFMだὦ ᢯᢯⣊ ⵊ՛⸃ ૒ᇒ⒢ ே⣊ኖ⸃὆ ӣϲ ‫׊‬ኖં ẞᆚࢆཪ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ SFHJPOBM TDBMF૮ᅇ‫׊‬ኖ὆DPOUJOFOUBMTDBMF‫צ‬ᆚӎDPOUJOFOUBMTDBMFἲ⯚ⵖⵆં↮՚ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ HMPCBM TDBMFBSDUJD [POF NPEFSBUF [POF USPQJD [POF ၊ Њ὆ ᒂ⃪၊ ՚ᕲఊ૒ ᒂ⃪ ϲ὆ Ḓᷪጪ↶ Ծ⹆Ἦ ጪӪ ӣ‫؞‬὆ ὢᅆᶾ ὆ⵢ ᐊᣋⵆ቞ ↮՚ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ HMPCBM TDBMFἮ ⮾ᦲҲ၊ᤊ ҫҲ☣ᶾᤊ ጪ↶὆ ὢேὢ ᐊᣋⵆ↮ ᴸંѱἪ၊Ϯ ఊ૒‫צ‬࿚ࢆ⹆ҫ०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᤊં᫒ ᢚẗఆંӣϲ` ‫׊‬ኖંῲ՛‫׊‬ኖὢ૒ⅷ↮՚`‫׊‬ኖ૮ᅇ‫׊‬ኖ὆ҲᢞἮ▂⺲ᶾⴲẂⵊҫẞ TG X\ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᢚẗⵎᨆ ὶல။⯚ⵖὢఆᶢ ὶἪࢆⷲᾚᶾંῲ՛‫׊‬ኖᶾ૮ⵊ⹆ҫॻல Ҳᢞᆺἲᨆ⵷ⵆல။ᤒ ఆᶢὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>4JNQMF#PY@,PSFB὆Њाல ⵊ՛⸃ ૒ᇒ⒢ ே⣊ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ ૒ზં ⃿Ẃⵊ ⹆ҫᇒ↶၊ં ૮ᅇ ‫׊‬ኖḮ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊં ૮‫ ؞‬ጪᏪጪ ⵢᨆ ♖ῲጪᏪጪ ⵢᨆ ⦎ᵿ὾ᷞ↮ ॻ↮ ல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮ ᫋ᣋ὾ᷞ↮ ॻ↮ ὢ ὶἪ቞ ὢ೒ ϯ ᇒ↶ὢ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ॻல ᷶☏ἲỲⵊ‫؞‬ᓦ૖Ỳ၊ὢზᶢ…ὶ૒ ࢆ ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊSFMFBTFFQJTPEF ேᴶ὆՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலҲᢞ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊ὆⹆ҫᇒ↶Ἦῲ՛‫׊‬ኖḮ૚ᆚⵢᨆḮல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮Ϯ ᶴӎ ૮‫ ؞‬ᨆ⒢ ♖ῲጪ ⦎ᵿॻҫ↮ ኗ⓶↮ Ἢ၊ ՚᤟ఆᶢ ὶ૒ ᐞ▊ ᶾ⴪᥺ೊேᴶ὆՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலં૒Ἲᶾᤒታఆંᒲல὆ᐗᒃἪ၊␖ ՛↮`ॻலᅪҲᢞⵆӎ‫צ‬Ѐᶾ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ⸃ἲ⦣ⵢҲᢞఊῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலᅪ ⵗᢞⵆᷚ╊⁳`Ἢ၊՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலᅪҲᢞⵊ૒ὢЀὢ⹆ҫ०▊⮷Ϯᶾ ᢚẗఆં⹆ҫ⃿1&$ὢ૒ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊேᴶ὆ॻலҲᢞἮ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ⸃ὢᴲ઺ᒲல὆ Ҳᢞᐗᒃἲὢẗⵊ૒૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ὆ॻல1&$MPDBM BJS ંḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞Nў ᆚᶾᤊ὆⮷‫ॻ׎‬லᅪҲᢞⵊ૒ὢ࿚ⵊўᆚંᐞ▊᫊ᤒ὆⮷‫׎‬⡚‫؞‬ᅪᐆᷯⵆ ӎὶંѱἪ၊Ϯ ⵊѱὢ૒ TG X\[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૮‫ॻ؞‬லંὦϲ὆०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᢚẗఆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᷞ⮷‫ॻ׎‬லᅪҲᢞ ⵊ૒ ὢഺ ⦎ᵿἪ၊὆ ♖`ྷἮ ᐞ▊ẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ᐆҫ N ᴶᶾᤊ὆ ⮷‫׎‬ ЀἪ၊Ҳᢞⵊ૒ ᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆ ॻல1&$MPDBM XBUFS ં Ế♇`Ἢ၊ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲ451 ᶾᤊ὆ Ἆ▊ᨆϮ Ḳῲ⽶⸪ⵗఊ⺲ᶾҲᢞఊ૒Ἆ▊Ӫ०▊↮ᷛϲ὆ўᆚϮᇒẞ⇕‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ ૮Њ⽚ᤋὢ⃪ఊ ўⳲ၊ᤦ᪒Ϯఊ૒ഞཪᤊᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆ᕲⵢ⼆ᐊ⧢`὆ ᷯⶓἮॻலҲᢞᶾᐆᷯⵆ↮ᴸં૒ⱊ⃮⽚ᤋҲᨆϮᢚẗఆ቞Ҳᢞఊẗ⁢ ॻலϮ1/&$XBUFSḮᘲԾఊ૒ ♖ῲጪ὆ ॻலં ᨆ⒢Ḯ ЇἮ ↮ᷛᶾᤊ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ᢯૮`Ἢ၊ ᣋᵎ⃪‫؞‬Ϯ ⇕Ἦᨆᤊᣋጪ὆०▊ἲ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊேᴶ὆ॻலϮҲᢞఊ૒ ᐆቢᶾὦϲӪ⯚᫋ேጪ὆↯῿०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᤊંᓢ૒ᆺ᤟`०▊Ӯ῾ὢ `ῶⵆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᷞ⮷‫ॻ׎‬லϮᢚẗఊ૒ ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆ ॻல1&$MPDBM TPJM ં ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ૮‫؞‬၊ ᐞ▊ఊ Ḓᷪጪ↶ὢ ♖`Ӫ ἲ⦣ⵆᷚ⦎ᵿἲḒ᫊ᷪ⢒ંҫẞᶾ૮ⵢᤊḒᷪὢ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ᐊᣋⵊ ⪧ ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆⮷‫ॻ׎‬லᅪҲᢞⵊ૒⦎ᵿἮॻҫ↮Ḯኗ⓶↮ాϮ↮⸃⣊၊ ՚ᕲⵆ቞ ϯϯ `ẗఆં ⸪ⵗ ‫ظ‬ὢϮ ૒ᅢ૒ Ἇ᢯ ᣋ⣊ᅪ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢᤊ Ὢ ⮷‫ॻ ׎‬லϮ ᢚེ὆ ϲ῿०▊ἲ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢᤊ Ὢ ⮷‫ॻ ׎‬லϮ ϯϯᢚẗఊ૒↮ⵆᨆॻலંॻҫ↮⦎ᵿᶾᤊҲᢞఊ૒ ૒ ኖ⸃ἲὢẗⵊ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶०▊ॻலҲᢞ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲ᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵊ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ⸃ᢚẗᒃᶾӮⵊ↮♖Ӫኖ⸃ࢢ὆ ᨆ᫋೒ ૮ᕮᕲἮ Њᒲ` Ἆ‫؞‬ጪ↶၊ᕮ⤞὆ ᓢᅪ ⦎૮၊ ὿᤟ఆᶶ‫ ؞‬ഺጦᶾ ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶ἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊ኖ⸃ἲὢẗⵊҫẞ⪧ᒲⵊӎဒϮⴲẂⵆ૒ ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶ἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலᅪҲᢞⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢኖ⸃ἲ ὢẗⵊ ҫẞ ӎဒᢚⵛἲ <ⱊ >ᶾ ࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ <ⱊ >὆ ࢢẗἲ ⹊ẗⵆ‫؞‬ᶾ ᵌᤊ૮᢯‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶὆Ӯ☏Ѐᷚᕮᅪẞᤎ⹃ὦⵆᷚӮ☏Ѐὢὶંҫẞᶾં ὢᅪẞᤎ`Ἢ၊ᢚẗⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃ἲὢẗⵊ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶὆ॻலҲᢞἮ⓶‫؞‬᪒⡚ᆚો ᨆ⃮ᶾᤊ὆ ⮷Ϯᶾᤊᆺ ᢚẗఆᶢᵪ ⵆ቞ ‫ צ‬ὢ᢯὆ ૖Ҳᶾᤊં ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶ᶾ ⪧⹂ఊኖ⸃ἲᢚẗⵎѱἲպᾓⵊ૒ TG X\\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃ᢚẗ Parameter Value Remark �G ⹆ҫॻல὆᷶☏Ἦ`ῶⵊᨆẗ᤟‫᥻׶‬ ὢḖ෾ંCJPBWBJMBCMFὢўࢆᒮ⹆Ӫ ἲ ўⒾϮẗⵊ૒ᅦ‫᥻׶‬⁳ἲ‫؞‬ᐆἪ၊ⵢᵪ ⵊ૒ �G ‫᥻׶‬Ἦẗⵢఆ↮ᴸ↮ᆺᒮ⸃ఆᶢᨆẗ᤟ᏽ ࢊẗ᤟‫ⵗ⹂᥻׶‬ጪἲᷞ᥻`Ἢ၊ᐗ▊ⵎᨆ ὶ૒ �G ᶢඒҫẞᶾ‫ⵗ⹂᥻׶‬ጪἮᾆ१↮ᴸӎ ጪᶾᾆ१ં⸃⣊၊ᙎᅢѺᐂߺ↮ኩⵎ ல၊▗ᕲ⽶ᴶ ⵆ૒ὢ࿞᢯⹗ᶾᤊ‫צ‬ ጪ↶὾⒢ંጪ↶὆ᕲᐞ⪧᤟ἲϮ↮ӎ ⮷Ϯఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ᨆ⃿⹆ҫ὆ҫẞጪ↶ὢ ጪᶾ૮ⵊẗⵢலⵊҲ‫↮غ‬१ંᵿἲ⒙ ▂ ྷGJSTUFTUJNBUF Ἢ၊Ϯ ⵎᨆὶӎὢ ᕲ἖ᆺ⡪ὢCJPBWBJMBCMFGPSNὢఎѱὢ૒ LJOFUJDTPGUIFEJTTPMVUJPOἲӎဒⵖἪ၊᭖ ⮷Ϯᐗᒃ὆ЊᤎὢϮઓⵆ૒ 8BUFSTPMVCJMJUZ 7BQPVSQSFTTVSF �G ᨆἮ⹂ⵗጪӪትትἎ‫ⵗ⹂᥻׶؞‬ጪἲ Ṧⵊ૮ᕮᕲ὆‫᥻׶‬Ἦᇒẞ࢜Ἦ↋‫؞‬ᵃἲ Єં૒ഞཪᤊኖ⸃ᶾ↋‫؞‬ᵃἲ`ẗⵊ૒ቢ ૮‫؞‬၊὆ᕲ⯚ᅪጢ᫊ⵎᨆὶ૒ ╊ᦍЀἪ၊ᤒ ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ&1B �G ૮‫؞‬ᶾ⁢ᾚⵆં૮ᕮᕲ὆‫᥻׶‬Ἦᶾᶢ၊⁦ᶾ ᖇᶢὶ૒ഞཪᤊᶾᶢ၊⁦ӪҞⵗఊ‫᥻׶‬ ᕲ἖'BTTBFS ὢў὆ὢఆဒቢᇒẞ὿Ἦ Ѐ᷶& ὢ↋‫؞‬ᵃἪ၊ᢚẗఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ ᆺᵫ⢮૧ⵊ☏ Ѐὢὶ૒ቢ‫צ‬Ѐἲ ᢚẗⵊ૒ "ETPSQUJPOUP BFSPTPMQBSUJDMFT 0DUBOPMXBUFS QBSUJUJPOJOH DPFGGJDJFOU ኖ⸃ᶾᤊல▊ఊ ☏ ఊᕲᐞҲᨆ,Q XBUFSTPJM XBUFSTFEJNFOU XBUFSTVTQFOEFE NBUUFSᢚẗ �G ḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆં‫᥻׶‬ᶾં`ῶⵆ↮ᴸ૒ ૮ᫎ⹆ҫ⁞ѢӪ⹂ⵇἲӎဒⵢᤊኖ⸃ᶾᤊ ல▊ఆўࢆ☏ ఊᕲᐞҲᨆ,QϮ ᢚẗఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ #JPUJDBOEBCJPUJD EFHSBEBUJPOSBUFT �G ‫᥻׶‬ᶾ૮ⵢᤊંCJPUJDBOEBCJPUJDEFHSBEBUJPO SBUFTϮἪ၊ᤒ ఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ &MJNJOBUJPOJO 451 ☏ ఊኖ⸃ᶾᤊ ல▊ఊXBUFSTMVEHF ᕲᐞҲᨆᢚẗ �G ‫᥻׶‬ᶾ૮ⵊὢЀ೒Ἦ␬‫؞‬Ϯᶢဣ૒ ഺഺ၊TMVEHFXBUFSᕲᐞҲᨆᓢ૒ં ⭪ᤪ⪦၊ⱊⷲఆંSFNPWBMFGGJDJFODZ SBUFTᅪᶩ‫؞‬Ϯୂᩫ૒ TG X\]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  5JNFTDBMF "ETPSQUJPO EFTPSQUJPO _ल �G ‫᥻׶‬὆ҫẞ ᢯᢯⣊ંῲ⸃`Ἢ၊ት᫛ ल⸧Ἦት⒊लὢ↮ࢆᤊᵪல૚ⵊ૒‫צ‬࿞ ᫊ϲ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊં ᢯᢯⣊ॻலϮ ᕶ⹃᫒ⵆӎỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾᤊ‫צ‬ḮЇἮ᫊ϲ ‫׊‬ኖંୂὢ᢯`ῶⵆ↮ᴸ૒ഞཪᤊ ῲᇋⵎᨆὶંTVSWFZBCMF ‫؞‬ϲὦल ⺲὆1&$ЀӪ ᢯᢯⣊὆1&$Ѐኖాᅪ ҲᢞⵆંѱὢⴲẂⵆ૒1&$Ѐὢ1/&$Ḯ Їᴲ↮ં‫؞‬ϲ᫊ᷛỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚኗ`ἲ ỲⵢҲᢞఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ Ӯ᫚⹆ҫᷯᷛᶾ૮ⵊ ☏ ఊᕲᐞҲᨆᢚẗ �G BRVFPVTQIBTFᶾᤊTPJMTFEJNFOUTVTQFOEFE NBUUFS၊὆‫᥻׶‬὆ὢேἮ☏ ఊTPJMXBUFS TFEJNFOUXBUFSTVTQFOEFENBUUFSXBUFS⮷⸃ ᕲᐞҲᨆ,EᕲᐞҲᨆ,Qཪӎலⵖ ᶾ ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚᤒታఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ TG X\^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃὆ᢚẗᐗᒃ ኖ⸃ ᫒⵷ἲ Ỳⵊ ⫺ὪἮ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ ᢚὢ⪦(૒Ả၊ೊ ҫ၊ : www.nier.go.kr)ᶾᤊ ૒Ả၊ೊⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ૒Ả၊ೊⵊ ᵃ▃ ⫺Ὢἲ Ɱቢ &OWJSPONFOUBM $PODFOUSBUJPO &TUJNBUJPO ⯢ୂ ࢢᶾ 〽⹆ҫ ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ ҲᢞYMT〾 ⵊ Њ὆ ᶿ᤮ ⫺ὪӪ ᢚẗ὾ ᇒ੢ᶪ ⵊ Њ὆ ⵊ‫⫺ ׮‬Ὢἲ ⹃ὦⵎ ᨆὶ૒ ᫒ 〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ ҲᢞYMT〾ࢢᶾંᓣᾏⵆӎᆼἮᇒЊᒮᨆ ᏽ ᨆ᫋೒ὢ ᢚẗఆӎ ὶἪࢆ ᢚẗ὾὆ ⮦὆ᅪ Ỳⵢ ᢚẗ὾Ϯ ⵆࢆ὆ ᫊⪦ 〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾᫊⪦ ᴶᶾᤊ‫؞‬ᓦ`ὦέဓ ᓢᅪέဓⵆቢ ᐂ၊ҞӪᅪ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶல။ⵆᷮ૒ഞཪᤊᢚẗ὾ંᓦ↮♖ᤊ὆ᢚẗᐗᒃᶾ ഞཪϲ૖⽶〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾᫊⪦ࢢᶾትϮ↮ᇒЊᒮᨆ὆ Ѐἲέဓⵆўࢆᤎ⣋ⵆቢҞӪᅪ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ ኖ⸃ࢢᤦᕮ՚⁞ ᏽᨆ᫋ᶾӮဖఊࢢẗἲ⹃ὦⵆӎ὾ⵎҫẞᶾંᓦ ↮♖ᶾᨆ။ఊ〽⹂⮷ᒃὢ⵷ἲỲⵊ⹂ⵇጪ↶⹆ҫ⃿ॻல᷶☏ኖ⸃ᇒ੢ᶪ〾ἲ ⹃ὦⵆቢఊ૒ TG X\_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ὆ॻலҲᢞ Ϯ ЊẂ ᨆҲ὆ॻலᅪ᷶☏ⵆં୞ὶᶢ⃿ẂⵆѺ૒ზᶢᵪⵎᕮᕲὢⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ 4FXBHF 5SFBUNFOU 1MBOU 451 ἲ ў♆ં↮ ᷚᕮὢ૒ ẞᆚࢆཪં ल ᆾ ‫┋⃮؞‬ὦ՚⃿ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒᏽ⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒἲ⦣ⵢ⒆ᆚఆંⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ՚ᷛ ࢢⵆᨆ⒆ᆚὦ՚ᘲ἖၊ᢞ ⵊⵆᨆலᓢ‫׷‬ᅎἮⵆᨆல⦣Ҳ⹆ҫᕮ ၊ ⹃ὦఆᶶ૒␦ӎ၊&6ᶾᤊં3&"$)Ϯᐊ⺖ఆં↯ῲὦलᆾἲ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊ ῲ⒢ ᐊᣋⵆં ⮾ᨆ ⃿ᶾᤊ ં ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒἲ ў♆ӎ ࢆሦ↮ ં ↮ ⱊᨆ၊ᐗᅆఆᶶ૒ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ᨆҲ၊ ᐞ▊ఊ ὢ⺲ ↮ᷛ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ὆ 1&$MPDBM ᨆҲ ᶾᤊ὆ 1&$MPDBM ా Ϯ↮ Ѐἲ Ҳᢞⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒᶾᤊ὆ ૮‫؞‬ ᐞ▊ྷ&TUQBJS ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ ᐗᅆᨆᶾ ⯚ⵖఊ ጪ↶὆ ॻல$MPDBMFGG ⵆᨆ ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆ᐗᅆྷ&''-6&/5TUQ ᤦⵛኗ὆ЀὢⴲẂⵆ૒ ὢᶾⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ኖ୦ἲ⹊ẗⵢ<‫צ‬ᆪ>ӪЇἮῶ␖ᅪ⦣ⵆᷚ⹆ҫ ⃿ॻலᏽᐗᅆྷ೟ἲᢞ ⵊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆ॻல᷶☏૖Ҳ TG X\`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ GG <‫צ‬ᆪ>ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ኖ୦ЊẂ ࢆ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆ᐞ▊ྷᏽॻலᢞ ἲỲⵊ‫؞‬ᓦ↮♖ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ(STP)὆ᐞ▊ྷᏽॻலᢞ ἲỲⵢᤊંⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆ẗྷ, ⒆ᆚྷ, ᕮἎጪॻல೟὆ῲ⸃`ὦ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢં[ⱊ34]ḮЇ૒. <ⱊ>ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢ 1BSBNFUFS TZNCPMT VOJU WBMVF $BQBDJUZPGUIFMPDBM451 $"1"$*5:TUQ <FR> "NPVOUPGXBTUFXBUFSQFSJOIBCJUBOU 8"45&8JOIBC <MEFR> 4VSQMVTTMVEHFQFSJOIBCJUBOU 4631-64TMVEHF <LHEFR> $PODFOUSBUJPOTVTQNBUUFSJOJOGMVFOU 4641$0/$JOG <LHN> ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ(STP)ᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢᅪ‫⓶؞‬၊, ⷖᆚ᢯ᨆ, ḓ⢲Ḛ/ጪᕲᐞ Ҳᨆ, ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ(STP)ᶾᤊ὆1␖ᣋᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆᅪҞ ⵊ૒. TG X]WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>␖ᣋᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆᢞ ᒮᨆ TZNCPMT )&/3: ,PX LCJPTUQ FYQMBOBUJPO VOJU 3 )FOSZTMBXDPOTUBOU -1 <1BN NPM > PDUBOPMXBUFSQBSUJUJPOJOHDPFGGJDJFOU <> GJSTUPSEFSSBUFDPOTUBOUGPSCJPEFHSBEBUJPOJO451 <E > -1 ␦ӎ၊, ⷖᆚ᢯ᨆᅪ⹃ᓢⵎᨆᶴંҫẞᶾં૒Ἲ᫋ἲ⹊ẗⵢᢞ ⵎᨆ ὶ૒. ¯© _ ¦¨¥° ¡§«² á ć ¬¨¥ <ⱊ>ⷖᆚ᢯ᨆᢞ ᒮᨆ TZNCPMT FYQMBOBUJPO VOJU 71 WBQPVSQSFTTVSF <1B> .0-8 NPMFDVMBSXFJHIU <HNPM > TPMVCJMJUZ <NHM > 40- -1 -1 ૒ἺἪ၊, ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ(STP)ᶾᤊ὆ 1␖ ᣋᕲⵢ ᥻ல ᢯ᨆં ᣋᕲⵢலᅪ ӎဒⵆᷚ[ⱊ37]ӪЇἮ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊Ҟ ⵎᨆὶ૒. <ⱊ>ጪ↶὆ᕲⵢ⪧᤟ᶾഞᅦᣋᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆᏽᐆϾ‫؞‬ 3BUF$POTUBOUL <I-1> <E-1> 5FTU3FTVMU 3FBEJMZCJPEFHSBEBCMF 3FBEJMZCVUGBJMJOHEXJOEPX ⾨ -2 ⾨ -2 -3 *OIFSFOUMZCJPEFHSBEBCMF ⾨ /PUCJPEFHSBEBCMF TG X]XG T )BMGMJGF <E> よ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᵌᶾᤊҞ ⵊⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ(STP)὆‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢᅪ‫⓶؞‬၊, Ἆέఆંጪ↶὆ ⪧᤟ᶾഞཪ[ⱊ38]ӪЇὢᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ᘲ἖ἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒. <ⱊ>ᇒ⒢ᒲᇒ▊ᘲ἖ TZNCPMT 'TUQBJS FYQMBOBUJPO VOJU GSBDUJPOPGSFMFBTFEJSFDUFEUPBJSCZ451 <> 'TUQXBUFS GSBDUJPOPGSFMFBTFEJSFDUFEUPFGGMVFOUCZ451 <> 'TUQTMVEHF GSBDUJPOPGSFMFBTFEJSFDUFEUPTMVEHFCZ451 <> ⅷⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ၊Ἆέఊጪ↶὆␖ᣋᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆᅪ ὆ऒ‫צ‬ყἪ၊ࢆ৲ӎⷖᆚ᢯ᨆMPH)ḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆMPH,PXᅪ ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊ ϲὢ Ҳᢞⱊᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ἲ ⦣ⵊ ᇒ⒢૮‫ ؞‬ᨆҲ ᪚࿚↮ ᒲᐞ▊ᘲ἖ἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ૒ἺἪ၊ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ὆ ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢ ᏽ ᐞ▊ ᘲ἖ἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ᐗ▊ ॻலᏽᐞ▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ẞᤎⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ὆ᐗᅆྷἮ૒Ἲ᫋Ἢ၊Ҳᢞⵎᨆὶ૒ ¥®§ƑƒƎ á ©¢²ƑƒƎ\°¬°ƇƌƆſƀ <ⱊ>ᐗᅆྷᢞ ᒮᨆ TZNCPMT FYQMBOBUJPO $"1"$*5: TUQ $BQBDJUZPGUIFMPDBM451 8"45&8 JOIBC "NPVOUPGXBTUFXBUFSQFSJOIBCJUBOU &''-6&/5TUQ &GGMVFOUEJTDIBSHFSBUFPG451 TG X]YG T VOJU <FR> -1 -1 <ME FR > -1 <ME > ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૒ἺἪ၊, ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ(STP)὆ᐗ▊ॻலં૒Ἲ᫋Ἢ၊Ҳᢞⵎᨆὶ૒. ƊƍƁſƊƃƄƄ á ƊƍƁſƊƇƌƄ\ ƑƒƎƕſƒƃƐ <ⱊ>ᐗ▊ॻலᢞ ᒮᨆ TZNCPMT FYQMBOBUJPO VOJU -1 $MPDBMJOG DPODFOUSBUJPOJOVOUSFBUFEXBTUFXBUFS 'TUQXBUFS GSBDUJPOPGSFMFBTFEJSFDUFEUPFGGMVFOUCZ451 <> $MPDBMFGG DPODFOUSBUJPOJOTVCTUBODFJOUIF451FGGMVFOU <NHM > <NHM > -1 ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐ\Î×à Ó á ƊƍƁſƊƇƌƄ ć ¥®§ƑƒƎ <ⱊ>Ἆέॻலᢞ ᒮᨆ TZNCPMT &MPDBMXBUFS &''-6&/5TUQ $MPDBMJOG FYQMBOBUJPO MPDBMSFMFBTFSBUFUPXBTUF XBUFSEVSJOHFQJTPEF &GGMVFOUEJTDIBSHFSBUFPG451 DPODFOUSBUJPOJOVOUSFBUFEXBTUFXBUFS VOJU -1 <LHE > -1 <ME > -1 <NHM > ᆶ↮ᆷἪ၊, ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ(STP)὆૮‫؞‬ᐞ▊ྷἮ૒Ἲ᫋Ἢ၊Ҳᢞⵎᨆὶ૒. ƑƒƎſƇƐ á ƑƒƎſƇƐ\ ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐ TG X]ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>૮‫؞‬ᐞ▊ྷᢞ ᒮᨆ TZNCPMT 'TUQBJS &MPDBMXBUFS &TUQBJS FYQMBOBUJPO GSBDUJPOPGSFMFBTFEJSFDUFEUPBJSCZ451 VOJU <> -1 MPDBMSFMFBTFSBUFUPXBUFSEVSJOHSFMFBTFFQJTPEF <LHE > MPDBMSFMFBTFSBUFUPBJSGSPN451EVSJOHSFMFBTFFQJTPEF <LHE > -1 ỲḮ Їὢ ᨆ᫋ἲ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᢞ ఊ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ(STP) ⒆ᆚ ҞӪં ↮ᷛ ‫׊‬ኖ૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ὆PEClocalӪᨆҲᶾᤊ὆PEClocalἲᢞ ⵆં୞⹊ẗఊ૒. TG X][G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૒⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵊὦ⒢ϲ῿०▊ ⹆ҫḒᷪጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊὦ⒢०▊⮷Ϯ཮ϯ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᤟ᏽ ྷ`ᕲᤋ ὾Ⴚᅪ‫ת‬ў၊⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊὪᐆὦ०▊ἲ⮷ϮⵆંӪ ὢ૒᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ഞཪὪᐆὦ०▊ὢӎဒఆ↮ᴸἲҫẞᓦⵛኗἲ⮷Ϯᶾᤊ Ṧⵊ૒ ૮‫ⵇ⹂⃿؞‬ጪ↶ᶾ὆ⵊὦ⒢०▊ Ϯ ὦ⒢०▊ྷᢞ ῶ␖ ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ ⃿ ॻலᅪ ↯῿ ☏ ⵆўࢆ ⹆ҫ ࢢ ўேኖ⸃ ೟὆ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ▂ ⵊ०▊ॻலҞӪḮ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ḮӮဖఊ०▊ҫ၊᷶૮‫؞‬὆ҫẞ ⽏έ ᒲ०▊Ѓல०▊ᅎ०▊‫؞‬ϲ෾ં०▊ᘶல೟ἲӎဒⵆᷚὦ⒢०▊ྷἲ ᢞ ⵊ૒ ࢆ ὦ⒢०▊ྷᢞ ᐗᒃ ૮‫⃿؞‬Ḓᷪጪ↶὆⽏έ०▊ྷἮ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦Ỳⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ὆ ૮᢯ጪ↶ ᤎ ‫ ⃮؞‬ῶ␖ ᏽ ᐗᒃ ೟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ↮♖ ᶾ ᫊ఊ ᨆ᫋ἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚᢞ▊ⵊ૒ ૮‫ⵇ⹂⃿؞‬ጪ↶὆⽏έ०▊ྷ૮‫ⵇ⹂⃿؞‬ጪ↶ॻல⾨⸦⽏ᅎ ⾨०▊‫؞‬ϲ⒢⃿⾨⮷‫׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲ - "%% BJSJOI$B⾨*3JOI⾨&%#8⾨"5 ኖᨆ ࢢẗ ૖Ỳ - "%%BJSJOI ૮‫ⵇ⹂⃿؞‬ጪ↶὆⽏έ०▊ྷ ㋄㋅EBZ $B ૮‫ⵇ⹂⃿؞‬ጪ↶ॻல ㋃㋛ *3 JOI ⸦⽏἖ ㋛EBZ &% ०▊‫؞‬ϲ ZFBST #8 ⒢⃿ ㋅ "5 ⮷‫׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲ EBZT 88) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2006-30⸦「Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ጪ↶ᤎ ‫⃮؞‬, ῶ␖ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ↮♖」. TG X]\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒ ०▊ኖᨆ⹃ᓢᐗᒃ ϯϯ὆ ०▊ ኖᨆᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫒☏ ҞӪϮ ὶં ҫẞ ὢᅪ ⹊ẗⵆӎ ‫צ‬࿵↮ ᴸἮҫẞᶾં૒ἺӪЇἮ὾ႺẾἲὢẗⵆல။ⵆல။ⵊ૒▊⒆ᏽ‫ת‬ўᅪ ታ᫊ⵢᵪⵖ G ૮‫ⵇ⹂⃿؞‬ጪ↶ॻல$PODFOUSBUJPOJOBJS$B ᫒☏ҞӪ෾ંᵌᤊ ‫؞‬ᨎఊ⹆ҫ᷶☏ॻலᢞ ҞӪῲ՛՛↮`ኖ୦᷶☏ॻல ᅪὢẗ G ⸦⽏ᅎ*OIBMBUJPO3BUF*3JOI ⸦⽏ᅎὢ཮⸦⽏ἲ⦣ⵢ૮‫؞‬Ḯᫎ⒢Ϯ ῿ⵆંᘲ἖၊՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦<ᒲⱊ>Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵊὦ⒢०▊Ҳᨆ὾Ⴚὢẗ G ⒢⃿#PEZ8FJHIU#8 ०▊૮᢯↿૖὆०▊ὢᐊᣋⵆં‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆ ⮷‫׎‬⒢⃿Ἢ၊՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦<ᒲⱊ>Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵊὦ⒢०▊Ҳᨆ὾Ⴚὢẗ G ०▊‫؞‬ϲ&YQPTVSF%VSBUJPO&% ०▊‫؞‬ϲὢ཮Ḓᷪጪ↶Ӫ὆῿⓷‫؞‬ϲ Ἢ၊ Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ ⹆ҫ‫ ⃮؞‬ᤒ ᫊ᶾં लἲ Ϯ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ G ⮷‫ ׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲ"WFSBHJOH 5JNF "5 ⮷‫ ׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲἮ ᐊᵂ᤟ ᷯⶓᶾ ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯ᫊ᶾં‫؞‬૮ᨆታῲ⒢ᅪӎဒⵆӎᘲᐊᵂள᤟⮷Ϯ᫊ᶾં ०▊ ‫؞‬ϲἲ ‫צ‬૮၊ ⮷‫ ׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲἪ၊ `ẗ&1" ⮷‫׎‬ᨆታ὆ ҫẞ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦<ᒲⱊ>Ỳⵢ᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵊὦ⒢ ०▊Ҳᨆ὾Ⴚὢẗ ᨆҲ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ὆ⵊὦ⒢०▊ ⵊ՛⸃ ўேኖ⸃ἲ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᢞ▊ఊ ᨆҲ ⃿ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ॻலં ↮ⱊᨆ ᏽ ↮ⵆᨆॻல၊ሧંጪ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊॻலҞӪϮᶴἪᎮ၊ὦ⒢०▊ྷ ᢞ ὢᕶϮⵆ૒ഞཪᤊ⮷Ϯ᫊ᨆҲḒᷪᶾ὆ⵊὦ⒢०▊⮷Ϯંᣋྣⵊ૒ TG X]]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ὆ⵊὦ⒢०▊ Ϯ ὦ⒢०▊ྷᢞ ῶ␖ ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ ⃿ ॻலᅪ ↯῿ ☏ ⵆўࢆ ⹆ҫ ࢢ ўேኖ⸃ ೟὆ ᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ▂ ⵊ ०▊ ॻல ҞӪḮ ⹆ҫᇒ⒢Ḯ Ӯဖఊ ०▊ҫ၊᷶ ⦎ᵿ ⃿ ⼆ᐊ᤟ጪ↶὆ҫẞ⃪၊ᤛ◖⽏έᏽ⴪ᕮ῿⓷ ᒲ०▊Ѓல०▊ᅎ०▊ ‫؞‬ϲ෾ં०▊ᘶல೟ἲӎဒⵆᷚὦ⒢०▊ྷἲᢞ ⵊ૒ ࢆ ὦ⒢०▊ྷᢞ ᐗᒃ ⦎ᵿ⃿Ḓᷪጪ↶὆०▊ྷἮ⹆ҫᕮ᷶‫⦎⸦ ׊‬ᵿḒᷪỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ ↮♖ ᶾ ᫊ఊᨆ᫋ἲ⹊ẗⵆᷚᢞ▊ⵊ૒ ⦎ᵿҫ՚ᤛ◖०▊ྷ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻல⾨⦎ᵿᤛ◖ྷ ⾨૖Ỳῲ⹆ὦ὾⾨ᤛ◖⽏ᨆҲᨆ⾨०▊ᘶல⾨०▊‫؞‬ϲ ⒢⃿⾨⮷‫׎‬०▊᫊ϲ - "%%TPJMJOH$T⾨*3TPJM⾨$'⾨'*⾨&'⾨&%#8⾨"5 ኖᨆ - "%%TPJMJOH $T *3TPJM $' $' '* &' &% #8 "5 ࢢẗ ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᤛ◖०▊ྷ ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻல ⦎ᵿᤛ◖ྷ ૖Ỳῲ⹆ὦ὾ ૖Ỳῲ⹆ὦ὾ ᤛ◖⽏ᨆҲᨆ ०▊ᘶல ०▊‫؞‬ϲ ⒢⃿ ⮷‫׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲ ૖Ỳ OH㋅EBZ ㋄㋅㋄EBZ ㋅㋄ OH㋄ VOJUMFTT EBZTZFBST ZFBST ㋅ EBZT 89) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2006-30⸦「Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ጪ↶ᤎ ‫⃮؞‬, ῶ␖ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ↮♖」. TG X]^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⦎ᵿ⽏έ०▊ྷ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻல⾨⼆ᐊҲᨆ⾨०▊᫊ϲ⾨⸦⽏ᅎ⾨ ०▊‫؞‬ϲ⒢⃿⾨⮷‫׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲ - "%%TPJMJOI$T⾨7'⾨&5P⾨*3JOI⾨$'⾨&%#8⾨"5 ኖᨆ ࢢẗ ૖Ỳ - "%% TPJMJOI ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⽏έ०▊ྷ OH㋅EBZ $T ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻல ㋄㋅ 7' ⼆ᐊҲᨆ <㋄㋛BJS> <㋄㋅TPJM> &5P ὪὪ⮷‫׎‬᫒Ṧ०▊᫊ϲ IPVSTEBZ *3JOI ⸦⽏ᅎ ㋛EBZ $' ૖Ỳῲ⹆ὦ὾ OH㋄ &% ०▊‫؞‬ϲ ZFBST #8 ⒢⃿ ㋅ "5 ⮷‫׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲ EBZT ※ ⃿‫᥻׶‬ӪЇὢ⼆ᐊϮઓ᤟ὢў὆ᶴᶢ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⽏έ०▊ӪӮဖὢᶴંጪ↶὆ҫẞᶾંᓦ०▊ҫ၊ᶾ૮ⵊ० ▊ྷἲᢞ ⵆ↮ᴸἺ. ⦎ᵿ⴪ᕮ῿⓷०▊ྷ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻல⾨૖Ỳῲ⹆ὦ὾⾨०▊⒢ⱊቢ`⾨ ⦎ᵿ⴪ᕮϲ⽏␗Ҳᨆ⾨⴪ᕮ⽏ᨆҲᨆ⾨०▊ᘶல⾨०▊‫؞‬ϲ⒢⃿⾨⮷‫׎‬०▊᫊ϲ - "%%TPJMEFSN$T⾨$'⾨4"⾨"'⾨"#4E⾨&'⾨&%#8⾨"5 ኖᨆ ࢢẗ ૖Ỳ (L)ADDsoil,derm ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⴪ᕮ῿⓷०▊ྷ ng/㎏-day Cs ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻல ㎎/㎏ CF1 ૖Ỳῲ⹆ὦ὾ 1 ㎏/㎎ CF2 ૖Ỳῲ⹆ὦ὾ 2 ng/㎎ SA ०▊⒢ⱊቢ` ㎠ AF ⦎ᵿ -⴪ᕮϲ⽏␗Ҳᨆ ㎎/㎠ ABSd ⴪ᕮ⽏ᨆҲᨆ unitless EF ०▊ᘶல days/years ED ०▊‫؞‬ϲ years BW ⒢⃿ ㎏ AT ⮷‫׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲ days TG X]_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૒ ०▊ኖᨆ⹃ᓢᐗᒃ ϯϯ὆ ०▊ ኖᨆᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫒☏ ҞӪϮ ὶં ҫẞ ὢᅪ ⹊ẗⵆӎ ‫צ‬࿵↮ ᴸἮҫẞᶾં૒ἺӪЇἮ὾ႺẾἲὢẗⵆல။ⵊ૒▊⒆ᏽ‫ת‬ўᅪታ᫊ⵢᵪⵖ G ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻல$PODFOUSBUJPOJOTPJM$T ᫒☏ҞӪ෾ંᵌᤊ ‫؞‬ᨎఊ ⹆ҫ ᷶☏ ॻல ᢞ ҞӪⵢ૧ ጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᐞ▊ྷ ᓢᅪ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ல▊ఊ ⦎ᵿ ⃿ ॻல Ѐॻҫ↮ ὾ᷞ↮ ல᫊ ᢯ᶳẗ↮ ೟ ẗலᒲῲ՛՛↮`ኖ୦᷶☏ॻல ᅪὢẗ G ⦎ᵿᤛ◖ྷ4PJM*OHFTUJPO3BUF*3TPJM ⦎ᵿᤛ◖ྷἮ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ ӎ᫊ ᶾ ᫊ఊ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵊ ὦ⒢ ०▊Ҳᨆⱊᶾ ഞཪ ᤟ὦ὆⮷‫⦎׎‬ᵿᤛ◖ྷ㋄EBZᅪ`ẗ G ᤛ◖⽏ᨆҲᨆ'SBDUJPO PG *OHFTUJPO '* ⦎ᵿ ᤛ◖ྷἮ ⹆ҫᕮ ᷶‫׊‬ ⸦ᶾ ᫊ఊ↮♖ẗ०▊ὦ὾ⱊᶾഞཪ⦎ᵿᤛ◖⽏ᨆҲᨆ〽〾ἲ `ẗ G ⼆ᐊҲᨆ7BQPSJ[BUJPO'BDUPS7' ⦎ᵿᶾᤊӣ‫؞‬၊὆⼆ᐊҲᨆ7' ཮ ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ⼆ᐊⵆᷚӣ‫⃿؞‬Ἢ၊ὢேⵆં லᅪࢆ⢮ࢢ቞ ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⼆ᐊ၊ὦⵊ⽏έ०▊ྷᢞ ᫊⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ ॻலḮӟⵆᷚ⦎ᵿἪ၊ᕮ⤞⼆ᐊఊӣ‫ॻ⃿؞‬லᅪᢞ ⵎഺᢚẗఖ ⃪၊ ⼆ᐊ᤟ ጪ↶Ӫ Ӯဖఆ቞ ⹆ҫᕮ ᷶‫⦎⸦ ׊‬ᵿḒᷪ Ỳⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ↮♖ ᶾ ᫊ఊ⃪Ẃ⼆ᐊ᤟Ἆ‫؞‬ጪ↶#5&9 ᶾ૮ⵊ⼆ᐊҲᨆᅪὢẗ G ὪὪ⮷‫ ׎‬᫒Ṧ ०▊᫊ϲ&YQPTVSF 5JNF&5P ०▊᫊ϲὢ཮ⵆზ⃿ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ०▊ఆં᫊ϲἲ὆Ꮶⵆ቞⹆ҫᕮ᷶‫⦎⸦ ׊‬ᵿỲⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ↮♖᫒Ṧ०▊᫊ϲ᫊ϲὪ᫒ࢢ०▊᫊ϲ᫊ϲὪ ᶾഞཪ `ẗ G ⸦⽏ᅎ*OIBMBUJPO3BUF*3JOI ⸦⽏ᅎὢ཮⸦⽏ἲ⦣ⵢ૮‫؞‬Ḯᫎ⒢Ϯ ῿ⵆંᘲ἖၊՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦<ᒲⱊ>Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵊὦ⒢०▊Ҳᨆ὾Ⴚὢẗ G ⒢⃿#PEZ8FJHIU#8 ०▊૮᢯↿૖὆०▊ὢᐊᣋⵆં‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆ ⮷‫׎‬⒢⃿Ἢ၊՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦<ᒲⱊ>Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵊὦ⒢०▊Ҳᨆ὾Ⴚὢẗ G ०▊⒢ⱊቢ`4LJOTVSGBDFBSFBBWBJMBCMFGPSDPOUBDU4" ⹆ҫᕮ᷶‫׊‬ ⸦ᶾ ᫊ఊ↮♖ẗ०▊ὦ὾ⱊᶾഞཪ⃪ўॻᶳ↮ᷛ᤟ὦ὆⮷‫׎‬ 90) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2006-30⸦「Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ጪ↶ᤎ ‫⃮؞‬, ῶ␖ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ↮♖」. TG X]`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⦎ᵿ῿⓷ ०▊ ⒢ⱊቢ` ㋖ᅪ `ẗ␦ӎ ⃪ўॻᶳ↮ᷛ ᤟ὦ ㋖⃪ўॻᶳ↮ᷛᶢᆞὢ㋖᢯ᶳᢞᶳ↮ᷛ᤟ὦ㋖ G ⦎ᵿ⴪ᕮϲ⽏␗Ҳᨆ4PJM4LJO"EIFSFODF'BDUPS"' ⹆ҫᕮ᷶‫׊‬ ⸦ᶾ ᫊ఊ ↮♖ẗ ०▊ὦ὾ⱊᶾ ഞཪ ㋄㋖ `ẗ␦ӎ ᤟ὦᶢᆞὢ ⴪ᕮ⽏ᨆҲᨆ%FSNBMBCTPSQUJPOSBUF"#4E ⦎ᵿ⃿⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ⴪ᕮᶾ ०▊ఊ ⺲ ᫒ ⴪ᕮ၊ ⽏ᨆఆં ᘲ἖ἲ ᆾⵆ቞ ὢં ጪ↶ ⪧᤟ᒲ၊ ᤊ၊૒ᅢ૒⹆ҫᕮ᷶‫⸦ ׊‬ᶾ ᫊ఊ↮♖ẗ०▊ὦ὾ⱊᶾഞᅢቢ ᘲ᥺὆ҫẞᐆ⼆ᐊ᤟Ἆ‫؞‬ጪἮ⼆ᐊ᤟ጪ↶Ἦᅪ`ẗ G ०▊ᘶல&YQPTVSF 'SFRVFODZ &' ०▊ᘶலં ⹆ҫᕮ ᷶‫⸦ ׊‬ ᶾ ᫊ఊ↮♖ẗ०▊ὦ὾ⱊᶾഞཪᷞϲὪ०▊ఆંѱἪ၊Ϯ ␦ӎ⃪ўॻᶳ↮ᷛὪᷞ᢯ᶳᢞᶳ↮ᷛὪᷞ G ०▊‫؞‬ϲ&YQPTVSF %VSBUJPO &% ०▊‫؞‬ϲὢ཮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ӫ὆ ῿⓷ ‫؞‬ϲἪ၊Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊⹆ҫ‫⃮؞‬ᤒ ᫊ᶾંलἲϮ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ G ⮷‫ ׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲ"WFSBHJOH 5JNF "5 ⮷‫ ׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲἮ ᐊᵂ᤟ ᷯⶓᶾ ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯ᫊ᶾં‫؞‬૮ᨆታῲ⒢ᅪӎဒⵆӎᘲᐊᵂள᤟⮷Ϯ᫊ᶾં ०▊‫؞‬ϲἲ‫צ‬૮၊⮷‫׎‬०▊‫؞‬ϲἪ၊`ẗ&1" ⵆ቞⮷‫׎‬ᨆታ὆ ҫẞ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ ⸦ <ᒲⱊ > Ỳⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵊ ὦ⒢०▊Ҳᨆ὾Ⴚὢẗ TG X^WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯ ᥺ᘲ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯ཮ ᆾ ‫צ‬૮၊ ᥺ᘲ὾ᅪ ૮᢯Ἢ၊ ⵆં ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ὆Ꮶⵆ቞᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶ὆ᢚẗӪ ᶾᤊᐊᣋⵆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ ὦ⒢ ०▊ἲ ⮷Ϯⵆં ѱὢ૒ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶ὆ ᢚẗᶾ ഞཪ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ०▊ὢ ὦ⒢ѢЃỲⷿ὆⃪ẂẂ᥺၊὿ẗⵆӎὶᶢ⹂ⵇጪ↶०▊ᐗᴶᤒ ἲ⦣ⵊ Ỳⵢ᤟΅Ͼ०ဓὢⴲẂⵆ૒ ᓦ૖ཫᶾᤊં᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯᨆ⵷ᐗᒃᶾ૮ⵢ ‫؞‬ᨎⵆӎ὾ⵊ૒ ᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷ϮંὪᐆ`Ἢ၊૒Ἲ<‫צ‬ᆪ>ӪЇὢ૖Ҳᶾഞཪᨆ⵷ఊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯ૖Ҳ ૖Ҳ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶ὆ᒂ⃪ᏽ०▊‫؞‬ϲᘶலᏽҫ၊೟ᶾ૮ⵢ‫؞‬ᨎⵊὲ᫊ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾᤊ०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢⴲẂⵊὦ὾೒ἲ⹃ὦⵊ૒ ૖Ҳ૖Ҳᶾᤊ⹃ὦఊὲ᫊०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾഞཪ᷶᢯०▊ྷἲᢞ ⵊ૒ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶἪ၊ ὦⵊ ०▊ྷἲ ☏ ἲ⦣ⵢ ᶩᶢ↲ॻலᅪ ὢẗ ⵆᷚ ०▊ྷἲ ↯῿ᢞ ⵆўࢆᢞ ᫋ᶾ`ẗⵆᷚ०▊ྷἲҲᢞ ⵆં ०▊ ᴺӎᆚↆ ᐗᒃ ෾ં ०▊⮷Ϯ ኖ୦ἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ᷶☏ⵎ ᨆὶ૒ 91) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ(2012), ᥺ᘲ὾०▊ҲᨆЊᐊᏽѮ↋. TG X^XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ϯ૖Ҳ᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯᶾⵢ૧ⵆં ⱶᒂ⃪ᤎ⣋ᏽ०▊ҫ၊⹃ὦ ᥺ᘲ὾०▊ྷᢞ ᒂỲ ᥺ᘲ὾०▊ྷ὆ᢞ ἮὪᐆ૮⃿೒ὢ᥺ᇒ῾ᶾᤊ՚έⵎᨆὶં᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶἲ ૮᢯Ἢ၊ ૒ზᶢ↲૒ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶ὆ ᢚẗἪ၊ ᐊᣋⵆં ጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᥺ᘲ὾०▊὆᷶ં૒ἺӪЇ૒ G ḥ὆ᷪႺࢆ↯ጪᶾ⒆ᆚఊ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆०▊ G ⱶἪ၊ᕮ⤞ጪ↶὆ẗ▊᷶ᴲ‫ ؞‬ᒿᏽጪᒿ὆ᢚẗ ෾ⵊ ⱶᶾ૮ⵊ᥺ᘲ὾०▊Ἦ↯῿ᢚẗ෾ંϲ῿ᢚẗἪ၊ὦⵊ०▊ἲ ⯚Ӳⵊ૒ϲ῿०▊Ἦ὿ᶳ෾ં⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵊ०▊ἲ὆Ꮶⵆ቞૒ἺӪЇἮ ᫊᷶ᅪ೒ᨆὶ૒ G ῲጦϮ೒ᶾ὆ⵊᾓ᫋෾ં⒛᥺ ⱶ὆ᢚẗ⺲↿ᶾᤊጪ↶ᶾ०▊ G Ѣ▃὾ᾚᶾᤊᐊᣋⵆંሪ↮έ὾ᶾ⽏␗ఊጪ↶ὢ⯚ⵖఊ᫒ࢢӣ‫؞‬὆ ०▊ G ӣẗ՚ᷛࢢᶾᤊ὆ጪ↶὆०▊᷶ᨆᷯᾓ࿶⡚ᆚᶾὢ᥆՚ᷛ ०▊ҫ၊ ᥺ᘲ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯં Ṧᕮ ०▊ӪӮဖ ὶ૒Ṧᕮ ०▊Ἦ⽏έ ⴪ᕮ῿⓷ ҫ⴪ ᤛ◖ҫ՚ ၊⽏ᨆఆંጪ↶὆ᵿᶾ὆ⵢҞ ఊ૒᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯ὆ ኗ`Ἦ%/&-Ӫ὆ᘲԾᅪ⦣ⵢ ⱶᶾ὆ⵊ०▊ லᅪⱊⷲⵎᨆὶં ᓢᅪ ᣋ᤟ⵆં ѱὢ૒ ᤦ Ϯ↮ ०▊ҫ၊⽏έ ҫ⴪ ҫ՚ ᶾ ഞᅦ ०▊ྷ ᢞ Ἦ ϯϯⵢ૧ҫ၊ᶾ૮ⵢ`ẗϮઓⵊᨆ᫋ἲ⦣ⵢᕲᆚⵆᷚҲᢞⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ 92) ECHA(2010), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.15: Consumer exposure estimation. 93) ECHA(2010), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.15: Consumer exposure estimation. TG X^YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  Ϯ ⽏έ०▊ ⽏έ ०▊Ἦ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶ὆ ᫒ ᢚẗ᷶ ẗᵏ ෾ં ᶾᶢ၊⁦ ⸃⣊὆ ⸪ⵗጪ὆↋ᐊ ὢࢆ ⱶᢚẗ⺲⼆ᐊ၊ὦⵊҞӪ၊ᐊᣋⵊ૒᷶⮆ὦ⪦ᶾᤊ ẗᇒ὆ ↋ᐊ ෾ં Ḳ ⱶᶾᤊ ᐞ▊၊ ὦⵢ ᥺ᘲ὾὆ ⸦⽏ ᷯᷛᶾ ல૚ⵆં ጪ↶὆ҫẞᶾல ᐊᣋⵎᨆὶ૒ ⽏έᶾ὆ⵊ०▊Ἦ⸦⽏ᷯᷛᶾᤊጪ↶὆ ॻல၊ᤊ ⱊⷲఆ቞ ⦣᢯`Ἢ၊ ‫ ⃮؞‬᫊ϲ ேᴶ᷶ ⵆზ૧ ὆ ⮷‫ॻ ׎‬ல၊ ⱊⷲఊ૒ ϲⶾ`Ἢ၊ ⇕Ἦ ‫؞‬ϲ὆ ०▊὆ ҫẞல ⇕Ἦ ‫؞‬ϲἲ ⦣ⵊ ०▊၊ ⱊⷲⵎᨆὶ૒᷶ᢚẗ⺍ᨆ૧ ⮷Ϯં෾ⵊ૒ᵿⵊ᫊ϲᶾѦⒾᨆ⵷ఎᨆ ὶં⪧ ὿ᶳேᴶ०▊ᶾ‫ⵎ⓶؞‬ᨆὶ૒⽏έ०▊ἮὪᐆ`Ἢ၊NHN ЇἮॻல၊Ṧᕮ०▊὆ቢᶾᤊⱊⷲఊ૒ ࢆ ҫ⴪०▊ ҫ⴪ ०▊Ἦ ⴪ᕮ὆ ०▊ఊ ⱊቢἲ ῿⓷ⵆં ጪ↶ྷᶾ ૮ⵊ ᢞ ♆၊ ०▊ఊ ᫎ⒢ ⱊቢ὆ ᷚ࿚ ᕮᕲᶾ ૮ⵊ ०▊ྷ ᢞ ὆ ⵗὢ૒ ⴪ᕮ ०▊Ἦ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶᢚẗἪ၊ὦⵊᫎ⒢῿⓷ἲ⦣ⵢᐊᣋⵊ૒ᤦ⢯෾ંೊཪὢ⡢ ᆚો⺲὆ᅆ὆ᾂᅆጪӪЇἮጪ↶὆⴪ᕮ῿⓷ӣ‫⃿؞‬὆έ὾෾ંᶾᶢ ၊⁦ᶾ ०▊ఊ ⴪ᕮᶾ ♖␗Ἢ၊ல ᐊᣋⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒⸪ⵗጪᶾ ⯚ⵖఊ ጪ↶὆ ⴪ᕮ὆↯῿῿⓷Ḳ ⱶἪ၊ᕮ⤞ῲὢఆંጪ↶὆῿⓷ ጪ↶὆ᵿᏽॻல ⴪ᕮ ०▊ ቢ` ०▊ ↮᥻᫊ϲ ᏽ ०▊὆ ᘶலં ጪ↶὆ ᫒ ҫ⴪ ०▊ᶾ ᷯⶓἲ Ꮶ♎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ҫ⴪ ०▊Ἦ ०▊ఊ ⴪ᕮ὆ ૖Ỳ ቢ`૧ ጪ↶὆ ᵿ NHDN ෾ંṦᕮ⨚έྷ㋄LH⒢⃿ Ὢ ӪЇὢⱊⷲఊ૒ ૒ ҫ՚०▊ ᢯`ᢚẗ᫊ᘲ὆ல`Ἢ၊ᢪ⢚ᨆὶં ⱶࢢ὆ጪ↶෾ં ⱶἪ၊ ᕮ⤞ ῲὢఎ ᨆ ὶં ጪ↶၊ ὦⵢ ҫ՚ ०▊ὢ Ὢᶢࢊ૒. ⽂ⵊ ᷶ં Ϯ ẗ ⱶ὆ ᢚẗἪ၊ᕮ⤞὆ ०▊ὢ૒. ҫ՚ ०▊Ἦ ᴲὢ೒ὢ லᤊ, ᾓࢊϾ ೟ἲ ᙖўࢆᴧўࢆ෾ં ⵓἺἪ၊᭖ጪ↶὆ὢேⵊҞӪ၊ᐊᣋⵎᨆὶ૒. ὢં ⪧⽶᥾ἲέᶾ૮ંᴲὢ೒὆⵷ேӪӮဖὢὶ૒. ҫ՚ ०▊὆ ՚⒢`ὦ ᷶၊ ↯ጪ ෾ં Ѣ▃὾ᾚḮ ЇἮ Ḳ ⱶἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ጪ↶὆ ᐗ▊Ӫ Їὢ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶ὆ ᢚẗἪ၊ ὦⵢ ᆶኖఊ ጪ↶ ෾ં ඖᶢ… TG X^ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆḖ ጪ↶ὢ ሪ↮ࢆ ⽇὆ ⸃⣊၊ ᶢᆞὢ೒ᶾѺ ᤛ◖ఆં ѱὢ૒(᷶: ᤦ , ῿␗ , ⳺ཪ᪒⫟὆ኖ०ሦᾂᅆጪᏽἎᷞ ḮPVC- ⱶ). ०▊ྷᕲᤋᶾᤊӎဒⵢᵪⵎ⃿ẂⵊᢚⵛἪ၊ંጪ↶὆ὢே⪧᤟, ẗⵢல ᏽ Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ ᢚẗఆં ᵿὢ૒. ὢ࿞ ᒮᨆḮ ⵖ‫ॻ ۆ‬லḮ ῿⓷ ᇒЊᒮᨆં ϯϯ὆०▊ἲ ྷ⹂ⵆં୞ᢚẗఊ૒. ҫ՚०▊Ἦ⒢⃿kg૧ᤛ◖ⵊጪ↶὆ ᵿἪ၊ⱊⷲⵆӎ, Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊Ὢ⮷‫׎‬Ṧᕮ⨚έྷ(㎎/kg(⒢⃿)/Ὢ)Ἢ၊ⱊⷲⵊ૒. ࢆ૖Ҳ०▊᷶☏ ०▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊં०▊ྷ᷶☏ᒮᨆ೒ἲᢞ ᫋ᶾ`ẗⵆᷚ० ▊ྷἲҲᢞⵆં०▊ᴺӎᆚↆᐗᒃӪ, ०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ἲ⹊ẗⵆᷚ०▊ྷἲ ᷶ ☏ⵆંᐗᒃὢὶ૒. ०▊ᴺӎᆚↆ ᥺ᘲ὾ ०▊ྷ ⮷Ϯ ᫊ ᤦ Ϯ↮ ०▊ҫ၊ᅪ ӎဒⵢᵪ ⵊ૒. ϯϯ὆ ०▊ ҫ၊ંᕲᆚⵆᷚҲᢞⵎⴲẂϮὶ૒. ०▊ྷᢞ ᶾ૖Ҳ`῿‫ת‬ᐗᒃἲᢚẗⵆᷚ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ல▊ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒. ᥺ᘲ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯᶾᤊ ०▊ྷ ᢞ Ἦ ⵗᆚ` ╊ᴳ०▊᢯⹗ἲல▊ⵆં୞ᢚẗఊ૒. G ⽏έ: 2Њ὆ᤎ⣋ᢚⵛὢὶἺ A. ў♆᫋ᐗⶓ ḮЇὢӣ‫⃿؞‬Ἢ၊↮᥻`Ἢ၊ᐗ▊ఆ቞⹆‫؞‬ᅪ⦣ⵢ Ὢᕮ ўఆӎ⸦⽏ἲ⦣ⵢ०▊ఆંҫẞ B. ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ⢶◖ ḮЇὢӣ‫⃿؞‬Ἢ၊ᕲᢚ⺲ⅷ᫊⼆ᐊఆ቞⹆‫؞‬ᅪ ⦣ⵢὪᕮ ўఆӎ⸦⽏ἲ⦣ⵢఆં०▊ఆંҫẞ G ҫ⴪: 2Њ὆ᤎ⣋ᢚⵛὢὶἺ A. ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ⯚ⵖఊẗᵏᶾ᥾ἲૢ‫׮‬ഺ⴪ᕮ῿⓷ἲ⦣ⵢ०▊ B. ጪ⒢὆ⱊቢᶾ ⱶல⯚೟ᢚẗ᫊⴪ᕮ῿⓷ἲ⦣ⵢ०▊ G ҫ՚: ⱶ὆ᤛ◖ᅪ⦣ⵢ०▊ఆંҫẞ၊, ⱶᢚẗ᫊ᘲ὆ல`ὦ ᤛ◖ᅪ⦣ⵢ०▊ TG X^[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶᢚẗᶾഞᅦὦ⒢०▊ྷ▂ Ἦ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-50⸦ 「Ỳⵢẞဒ ⱶỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫[」 ׊‬ᒲⱊ3]ᶾ ᫊ఊ ०▊ҫ၊ᒲҲᢞ᫋ᶾ὆ⵊ૒. ⹆‫؞‬἖, ⒢ⱊቢ`೟Ὢᐆ०▊ҲᨆḮᢚẗ᫊ϲ, ᢚẗᘶல ೟ ⱶ ०▊Ҳᨆં ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-50⸦ [ᒲⱊ 4] ᏽ [ᒲⱊ5]ᶾᤊ ᫊ⵊ὾Ⴚᅪẞᤎ`Ἢ၊ὢẗⵊ૒. ૒ᆺ, ⴲẂᶾഞཪ‫؞‬⢮՛Ṧ ὾Ⴚᅪὢẗⵎᨆὶ૒. Ϯ ⽏έ०▊ ጪ↶Ἦⱊ⃮᫒ࢢӣϲἪ၊Ϯ᪒, ↋‫؞‬෾ંӣ‫؞‬ᕮἎ᤟έ὾၊ᐞ▊ఊ૒ӎ Ϯ ⵊ૒. ὢં ↯῿ ᐞ▊ ෾ં ᵏ⒢/ӎ⒢၊ᕮ⤞὆ ⼆ᐊἲ ⦣ⵢ ᐊᣋⵆ‫؞‬ ഺጦὢ૒. ૒Ἲᢞ ᫋Ἦጪ↶ὢϮ᪒෾ં↋‫؞‬ḮЇὢ↯῿ᢚẗⵎᨆὶἺἲ Ϯ ⵆᷚ ⵗᆚ` ╊ᴳ ०▊ ᢯⹗ἲ ࢆ⢮ࢦ૒. ᢞ ᫋Ἦ ⼆ᐊ᤟ ጪ↶Ӫ ӣ‫؞‬ ⃿ᕮἎ᤟έ὾ᶾኖా`ẗఊ૒. ⽏έ०▊὆ҫẞ, ᫒ࢢӣ‫؞‬ᶾὶંጪ↶ ὆ॻலᅪᢞ ⵢᵪⵊ૒(᷶: ㎎/m³). ᢚѢᐊᣋ‫؞‬ϲἮ╊ᴳ὆ҫẞ24᫊ϲἪ ၊ϲ⃪ఊ૒. ⮷ϮᅪỲⵢ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶᶾὶંጪ↶὆100%Ϯⵊ‫ڪ‬ᑶᶾᐗἪ ၊ᐗ▊ఆ቞, ⹆‫ં؞‬ᶴંѱἪ၊Ϯ ⵊ૒. ᢚẗఆંాϮ↮⃿ẂⵊᇒЊᒮ ᨆં૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ӪЇἪ቞, ⁮ୂঀἮ૖Ҳ὆⮷Ϯ෾ંᨆᐆఆંᐆᓣ૖ Ҳᶾᤊ ӣ‫⃿؞‬ጪ↶὆ॻல, ᫒ࢢӣϲ὆ᨆ, ᫒ࢢӣϲ὆⹆‫؞‬἖, ᫒ࢢӣϲἪ၊ ὆ጪ↶὆ ᐞ▊ᘲ἖೟ὢӎဒⵢᵪⵎ‫؞‬⢮Ẃ᥺ὢ૒. A. ў♆᫋ ᐗⶓ Ḯ Їὢ ӣ‫⃿ ؞‬Ἢ၊ ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ ᐗ▊ఆ቞ ⹆‫؞‬ᅪ ⦣ⵢ Ὢᕮ ўఆӎ⸦⽏ἲ⦣ⵢ०▊ఆંҫẞ C a= A p×W G , G= N×V t f B. ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ ⢶◖ Ḯ Їὢ ӣ‫⃿ ؞‬Ἢ၊ ᕲᢚ ⺲ ⅷ᫊ ⼆ᐊఆ቞ ⹆‫؞‬ᅪ ⦣ⵢὪᕮ ўఆӎ⸦⽏ἲ⦣ⵢ०▊ఆંҫẞ C a= A p×W V f × exp ( - N×t) TG X^\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ӣ‫⃿؞‬०▊ॻல Ca ҞӪ၊ὦⵊ⽏έ०▊ྷDinhં૒ἺӪЇ૒. D inh = C a ×IR×abs×ET×n/BW <ⱊ>⽏έ०▊ᢞ ᫋ᒮᨆ ՚ᕲ έဓ ᒮᨆ ҞӪᒮᨆ ᒮᨆ ᒮᨆᤒታ ૖Ỳ ( ᐗ▊ྷ NHI / ⹆‫؞‬἖ ⹺I 7 ӣϲ⒢` N U ⱶᢚẗ᫊ϲ I "Q ⱶᢚẗྷ NH 8G ⱶ⃿᤟ᕲᘲ *3 ⸦⽏ᅎ N I BCT ⒢ࢢ⽏ᨆ἖ O ᢚẗᘶல ⹺EBZ #8 ⒢⃿ LH &5 ०▊᫊ϲ IFWFOU $B ०▊ॻல NHN %JOI ०▊ྷ NHLHEBZ ▊⒆: ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-50⸦ 「Ỳⵢẞဒ ⱶỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫」 ׊‬ᒲⱊ3. ὢѱἪ၊ ▗ᕲⵆѺ ⮷ϮϮ ఆ↮ ᴸં૒ቢ, ᢯ᤦ ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵊ ኖ୦὆ ᢚẗὢୂ`ῶⵎᨆலὶ૒. ⽏έ०▊Ἦӎ⒢෾ંᵏ⒢᢯⣊ᶾᤊ᢯૮`Ἢ၊ ⒊⒊⽶ᐗ▊ఆંጪ↶ᶾᤊᐊᣋⵎᨆὶ૒(᷶: ⮆ὦ⪦, Ϯ᥺ , ૖ྷ⒢, ⯢ᆚሦ὆ ẗ , Ϯ՚ӿ⣋ ὆ⶓႺ). ὢ࿞ҫẞં, ᓢ⦣᪒⡚ᆚોἪ၊ὦⵊ०▊ὢӪ૮⮷Ϯఆ Ꭾ၊᢯ᤦ०▊⮷ϮϮϮઓⵊኖ୦၊⮷Ϯⵎᨆὶ૒. ࢆ ҫ⴪०▊ 2 2 ՛᥺`ὦ ⴪ᕮ ०▊὆ ᷯⶓἮ mg/cm ၊ ࢆ⢮ࢢӎ, cm ૖Ỳ૧ ♖␗ྷἲ ०▊ఊ᫒ ᫎ⒢ቢ`ᶾӟⵆᷚҲᢞⵆ቞, ὢѱἲ⴪ᕮ὆ᕮⵆཪӎⵊ૒. ҫ⴪ ०▊὆ῲᫎ⺖Ӫ὆ҫẞંⵆზᶾ⒢⃿૧०▊ྷ(mg/kg/day)Ἢ၊Ṧᕮ⨚έ ྷἲࢆ⢮ࢦ૒. TG X^]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  A. ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ⯚ⵖఊẗᵏᶾ᥾ἲૢ‫׮‬ഺ⴪ᕮ῿⓷ἲ⦣ⵢ०▊(᷶: ⵗ᤟ ᤦ ὢẗ᥾ᤦ⢯) C d= A p×W f V p×D L d = C d ×TH ×As B. ጪ⒢὆ ⱊቢᶾ ⱶ ல⯚ ೟ ᢚẗ ᫊ ⴪ᕮ ῿⓷ἲ ⦣ⵢ ०▊(᷶: ጪ⒢ ⱊቢἲӿ⣋, ᤦ ) L d = R ×t ×W f ⴪ᕮ῿⓷ᵿॻலLd ҞӪ၊ὦⵊҫ⴪०▊ྷDderં૒ἺӪЇ૒. D der = L d ×abs×n/BW <ⱊ>ҫ⴪०▊ᢞ ᫋ᒮᨆ ՚ᕲ έဓ ᒮᨆ ҞӪ ᒮᨆ ᒮᨆ ᒮᨆᤒታ ૖Ỳ "Q ⱶᢚẗྷ NH 8G ⱶ⃿᤟ᕲᘲ 7Q ᢚẗῲᕮ⴪ N % ⱶ⽚ᤋᅎ% "T ⴪ᕮ῿⓷ቢ` DN 5) ⴪ᕮ῿⓷ా‫ۆ‬%DN DN 3 ⴪ᕮ῾␗ྷ NHNJO U ᢚẗ᫊ϲ NJOFWFOU O ᢚẗᘶல ⹺EBZ BCT ⒢ࢢ⽏ᨆ἖ #8 ⒢⃿ LH $ E ०▊ॻல NHDN -E ⴪ᕮ῿⓷ᵿ NH %EFS ०▊ྷ NHLHEBZ ▊⒆: ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-50⸦「Ỳⵢẞဒ ⱶỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫」 ׊‬ᒲⱊ3. TG X^^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒ ҫ՚०▊ ҫ՚०▊Ἦ ⱶ὆ᤛ◖ᅪ⦣ⵢ०▊ఆંҫẞ၊, ⱶᢚẗ᫊ᘲ὆ல`ὦ ᤛ◖ᅪ⦣ⵢ०▊ఆ቞ ⱶᤛ◖၊⽏ᨆఊ ᵿ(mg/kg)Ἢ၊ࢆ⢮ࢦ૒. ᘲ὆ல` Ἢ၊ᢪ⢚ᨆὶં ⱶ὆ॻலᶾ૮ⵊᢞ ᫋Ἦ૒ἺӪЇ૒. D oral = A ×W f×abs×n/BW <ⱊ>ҫ՚०▊ྷᢞ ᫋ᒮᨆ ՚ᕲ έဓᒮᨆ ҞӪᒮᨆ ᒮᨆ ᒮᨆᤒታ ૖Ỳ " ⱶᤛ◖ྷ NH 8G ⱶ⃿᤟ᕲᘲ BCT ⒢ࢢ⽏ᨆ἖ O ᢚẗᘶல ⹺EBZ #8 ⒢⃿ LH %PSBM ०▊ྷ NHLHEBZ ▊⒆: ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2014-50⸦「Ỳⵢẞဒ ⱶỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ‫」 ׊‬ᒲⱊ3. ०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ ०▊ྷἲҞ ⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢᤊંὪᐆ`Ἢ၊᫒ ॻலࢆ०▊ྷᶾ૮ⵊ☏ Ѐἲ ᢚẗⵆ‫؞‬லⵆ↮ᆺ, ὢ࿚ⵊ᫒☏Ѐὢᶴંҫẞᶾંᢞ Ѐ෾ં᷶☏Ѐἲ ᢚẗⵆંѱὢὪᐆ`ὢ૒. ०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦(Exposure model)ὢཪⵖἮ‘ὢ၎`෾ં ҫⷆ`ӮҲ᫋ἲ⦣ⵢϮẗⵊέဓ὾Ⴚ၊ᕮ⤞Њᒲ⸧Ἦ↿૖०▊ᒮᨆЀἲ ᢞ ⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵊTool'ἲ↮♛ⵊ૒. ᫒☏὾ႺϮᶴўࢆ᫒☏ὢᕶϮઓⵊ᢯⹗ᶾᤊ ०▊⮷Ϯᶾ `ẗఆં Ἆẗⵊ ᨆ૖ὢ૒. ०▊⮷Ϯ ኖ୦Ἦ ⓶‫ ؞‬०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒḮ ⹃ᓢఊጪ↶ ᓢᏽ὾Ⴚᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊⮷ϮᏽỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᅪ ᫒᫊ⵆં ᥺Ⳳ⪦Ỗᶢ၊ᤊ, ὦ⒢ Ἆⵢᶾ ૮ⵊ ⃪Ẃ ०▊ ⸃⣊ં ⽏έ, ҫ⴪, ҫ՚὆ ᤦ Ϯ↮ ⃪Ẃ ०▊ҫ၊ᅪ ӎဒⵆᷚ Њᐊఆᶶ૒. ०▊⮷Ϯ ૮᢯Ἦ ὿ᶳ὾, ⹆ҫ, ᥺ᘲ὾၊ᕲᅆఆᶢ⮷Ϯ૮᢯ᒲ၊Њᐊఊ०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ὢ⹊ẗఆ቞, ⮷Ϯ ኗ`ᶾഞཪ`ⵗⵊ ኖ୦ ᤎ⣋ὢẂ՚ఊ૒. ᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦᫊ᷛὢ࿚ ⵊ०▊ኖ୦὆ⵊ⁳ᅆ၊ᤊ૒ᵿⵊ૮᢯ ⱶἪ၊ᕮ⤞ὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ҫ၊ ᅪᤒ ⵆӎ, ὢᶾഞᅦ०▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶல။Њᐊఊኖ୦ὢ૒. TG X^_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᥺ᘲ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵢᤊ ᢚẗఆં ⃪Ẃ ኖ୦Ἦ ConsExpo(CONSumer EXPOsure models)ḮECETOC TRA, EUSES ೟ὢ૒. ConsExpoંϯϯ὆ ⱶ՞ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊⪧᤟ᶾᇌѺ०▊ҫ၊Ϯᤒ ఆᶢ ὶᶢ, ‫᤟׷‬ᏽᆺ᤟०▊ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ҫ၊ᒲ०▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶં᥺ᘲ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ὢ૒. ૒ᵿⵊᷞ՚ᅪ ⦣ⵢ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶᢚẗӪӮဖఊ०▊Ҳ ᨆЀἲ‫؞‬ᓦЀἪ၊ ӣⵆӎὶ૒. ෾ⵊኖ୦ࢢ‫؞‬ᓦЀᒮҫὢϮઓⵆᷚ ՛ࢢ᫒ ᶾᇌં՛ࢢ०▊Ҳᨆᅪᐆᷯⵆᷚ०▊ྷᢞ Ѐἲᶩἲᨆὶ૒. ▂Ϯ ⮷ϮϮ Ẃ՚ఆં ҫẞ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ᨆ ⵆᷚ ᾚ⮷Ϯⵆўࢆ, ᢯ᤦ ⮷ Ϯ૖Ҳ⨢ἲᢚẗⵆᷚᓢ૒ ⹃ⵊ᢯ᤦ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶંᾓ῾ἲ↮શ ӎὶᶢϮᾓᤎ⸦ఆં᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ὢ૒. ECETOC TRAં὿ᶳ὾, ᥺ᘲ὾, ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ྷἲᢞ▊ⵆં०▊⮷Ϯ ኖ୦၊ᤊ, Ϯᾓ ⡞ᾓ῾Ἢ၊ ‫ં⽶ܫ‬ѱἮ‫؞‬ᓦЀἲϮ↲୞ὢ⤞ᒎὢ᪒ᅪ⯚ ⵖⵆӎὶᶢὢ ⱶ՞ᶾ૮ⵢᤊંⴲᨆέဓᒮᨆᅪέဓⵆቢ०▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒. ‫צ‬࿚ࢆ‫؞‬ᓦЀὢ ӣఊ ⱶ՞Ἦኖ୦ࢢ‫؞‬ᓦЀᒮҫὢᕶϮઓ ⵆᷚ ՛ࢢ᫒ ᶾᇌં՛ࢢ०▊ҲᨆᅪᐆᷯⵎᨆᶴંⵊҲ᤟ἲ↮શӎὶ ૒. EUSES ኖ୦Ἦ‫؞‬ᓦ`Ἢ၊⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊỲⵢ᤟Ӫ⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵊὦ⒢Ỳⵢ᤟ἲ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ૒ᅦ ኖ୦Ӫં ૒ᅢѺ⹆ҫ⃿ўேἲӎဒⵊ૒. ὦϲᶾ૮ ⵊỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯં᥺ᘲ὾, ὿ᶳ὾, ⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵊὦ⒢०▊ᶾ૮ⵢᤊὢზᶢ↮ ӎὶἪࢆ, EUSESં᥺ᘲ὾०▊ᶾ૮ⵢ૒ᅦኖ୦ᓢ૒ᘲԾ`╊ᴳ὆᫊ࢆᆚ Ḓᅪ ૒ზӎὶ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᤎ⸦ఆ↮ᴸӎὶ૒. ኖ୦ᆶ૒૒᥺␖ὢંὶἪࢆὪᐆ`Ἢ၊᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ᶾᤊẂ՚ ఆંέဓᒮᨆં૒Ἲ[ⱊ46]ӪЇ૒. TG X^`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯ὆⃪Ẃ०▊έဓ὾Ⴚ ՚ᕲ ᣋᆚ`ኖᨆ ⱶӎἎ ᓢ έဓ὾Ⴚ ㉽⒢⃿ᷞဧ૮ᒲ᤟ᒲ ㉽⮷‫׎‬ᨆታ᤟ᒲ ㉽⸦⽏ᅎ᤟ᒲᷞဧ૮ᒲ᫊ϲ૮ᒲ ㉽⒢ⱊቢ`᤟ᒲᷞဧ૮ᒲ ೟ ㉽ ⱶࢢ᤟ᕲⵖྷ ᓢ⃿ྷᘲॻல೟ ㉽ ⱶጪᆚ`⪧᤟ ⱶ⸃⣊ᵏ᢯ӎ᢯‫؞‬⒢ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢᏮல ㉽ ⱶᢚẗᐗᒃᢚẗẗᒃ⽚ᤋᘲ἖⯚ᾓᾚᕲጢྷ Ὢ⹺ᢚẗྷ೟ ᘲӎ ⦣Ҳ⒛ᏽ ⵊ՛०▊Ҳᨆ ⵦೊᕯ೟὾Ⴚ ⹊ẗ ᣋᢞ὾ ᓢ ⹊ẗ ᤟ᕲ὆ ጪᆚ⹂ⵇ`⪧⇃ ㉽᤟ᕲታ ㉽$"4ᑶ⸦ ㉽ᕲ὾ྷ ㉽ẗⵢல ㉽↋‫؞‬ᵃḖலᒲ ㉽ᕲᐞҲᨆ,PX,Q ೟ ᢚẗ὾ ⁞ᢚⴲẂ .4%4.FSDL *OEFY&63"3೟ ␦ӎ ⱶἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ᤟ᕲᐞ▊⪧᤟ ㉽ẗ▊ᅎ᥻லᕲ἖ ㉽⼆ᐊᅎ᥻லᕲ἖ ㉽↋ᐊᅎ ㉽⴪ᕮ⽏ᨆ᥻ல ㉽⴪ᕮ῿⓷ቢ`೟ ኖ୦ࢢ ‫؞‬ᓦЀὢẗ෾ં ᫒ⷆ὾Ⴚ␦ӎ ⱶᢚẗ⵷⣊ ㉽ ⱶᢚẗྷ⹺૧ ⱶᢚẗྷ`ẗቢ` ㉽ᢚẗ⬖⤢ᷞϲỂϲ⃪ϲὪϲᢚẗᘶல ㉽०▊‫؞‬ϲὢᒒ⪦૧०▊῿⓷᫊ϲ ㉽ᣋ⹊⃪‫⹊؞‬ேӣϲᒲ⒢ᅆ᫊ϲ᫊ϲ૮ᒲ⹊ேӣϲ ೟ ⱶ՞ᒲ ⁞ᢚⴲẂ ՛ࢢ᥺ᘲ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯᷞ՚ҞӪ ⹊ẗ ᢚẗӣϲ ᓢ ㉽૮᢯ӣϲ ᓢ՚⹻ᒲቢ`⒢`☣ӎ ㉽૮᢯ӣϲ⹊ẗ՚⹻՚ᕲ՚⹻ᒲ ⱶ`ẗ᢯⣊ ㉽⹆‫؞‬἖⹆‫؞⹆؞⃪؞‬἖‫؞‬ᅆ᥻ல ㉽૮᢯ӣϲ⹆ҫ ᓢέ὾ጪ↶ᕲ⯚ ೟ Ὢᐆ`ὦ ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊ ⁞ᢚⴲẂ Ϯ $POT&YQP $POT&YQP Ἦ ⹂ᾓⱶ ⮆ὦ⫳ ⱶ Ϯ ẗ ᢢ▗ ೟ἲ ᘲၝⵊ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶ὆ ०▊ྷἲ Ҳᢞⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢ 3*7.UIF %VUDI /BUJPOBM *OTUJUVUF PG 1VCMJD )FBMUIBOEUIF&OWJSPONFOU ᶾᤊЊᐊⵊኖ୦၊ϯϯ὆ ⱶ՞ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ ⪧᤟ᶾᇌѺ०▊ҫ၊Ϯᤒ ఆᶢὶᶢ᢯ᤦⵊ०▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶંኖ୦ ὢ૒ $POT&YQPኖ୦ἲᢚẗⵆቢⱊ⃮⹂ᐗ᫋Ἢ၊᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ἲ 94) RIMV(2006), General Fact Sheet. ventilation, room size, body surface area Updated version for ConsExpo 4. RIVM report 320104002. TG X_WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  Ҳᢞⵆં ѱὢ Ϯઓⵆӎ ᨙ὾ Ѐើᆺ ᴲશཪ ᕲ⯚ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ҳᢞ ᏽ ᏪϾல ᕲᤋலᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶ૒૖Ὢ⹂ⵗጪᶾ૮ⵊ⽏έ⴪ᕮҫ՚०▊ӪЇἮϯ ०▊ҫ၊ᶾ૮ⵆᷚ०▊ྷἲ▂ ⵎᨆὶ૒$POT&YQPኖ୦Ἦ ⱶӪᢚẗᒂ Ỳᶾ ૮ⵊ ‫؞‬ᓦ Ѐἲ Ϯ↲ ୞ὢ⤞ᒎὢ᪒ᅪ ⯚ⵖⵆӎ ὶӎ ‫؞‬ᓦ Ѐᶾ ૮ⵊ ᤒታὢGBDUTIFFUᶾ ӣఆᶢὶ૒ὢኖ୦Ἦ᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯᶾᆺᢚẗఆ቞ ⹂ᾓⱶᅆ ᥺ளᢢ‫ ׎‬ᅆ ⮆ὦ⪦ ⱶ ᤦ ⱶ ⵢ▗Ӯᆚ ⱶ %*: ⱶ ᶢᆞὢẗⱶ ┋Њ ⱶ՞὆⮷ϮϮϮઓⵆ૒$POT&YQPᶾં ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒϮ ࢢᾚఆᶢ ὶᶢ ϯϯ ⱶ὆ ०▊ ⪧᤟ᶾ ᇌѺ ०▊ҫ၊Ϯ ᤒ ఆᶢ०▊ྷἲ⮷Ϯⵎᨆὶ૒ ⱶἮϯϯᶾ૮ⵊ ⱶᒂ⃪Ϯ ⵢ… ὶᶢ ⱶἲᤎ⣋ⵆቢ⪧ έဓᒮᨆᶾ૮ⵊኖᨆЀ೒ὢ⓶‫ر‬ЀἪ၊ ⵢ↲૒ $POT&YQPኖ୦ᶾᤊંὪᐆ`Ἢ၊ᢚẗ὾ϮᏦᆚᤒ ఊ०▊ኖ୦Ӫ᫊ࢆ ᆚḒᅪᤎ⣋ⵆᷚ⴪ᕮ῿⓷⽏έҫ՚०▊ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ⓶‫؞‬᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ‫؞‬ᐆἪ၊▂Ϯ၊ᢚẗ὾὆έဓὢẂ՚ఆંᒮᨆં_Њᶾ ⵢ૧ఊ૒ ०▊ ᢞ ἲ Ỳⵢ ⴲẂⵊ ᢚẗᘶல῿⓷᫊ϲ ᢚẗ᫊ϲ೟ᶾ ૮ⵊ ᓢέဓὢ ࡋࢆቢ ῿⓷ ⽏έ ᏽ ҫ՚ ०▊ ᢞ ἲ Ỳⵊ Ҳᢞὢ ↲⵷ఊ૒ ⽏έ ०▊὆ ҫẞ ῲ⸃`ὦ ጪ↶ᨆ↮NBTT CBMBODF ኖ୦ὢ ὢẗఊ૒ $POT&YQP὆ ᢞ ҞӪં ῾ ▂ Ѐ ෾ં ‫⸃ Ⳳ྆צ‬⣊၊ ӣఊ૒ 'BDU TIFFUᶾ‫؞‬ᓦЀὢ ӣఊ ⱶ՞ὢṦ὆ ⱶἪ၊ல⮷ϮϮϮઓⵆ቞ὢҫ ẞᶾંᢚẗ὾Ϯ↯῿०▊ᢞ ἲỲⵊέဓᒮᨆ὾Ⴚᅪέဓⵆቢఊ૒ <ⱊ>$POT&YQPኖ୦ࢢ‫؞‬ᓦЀࢢᾓ ⱶ՞ ՚ᕲ ⱶ՞ ᤦᕮᕲᅆ ᤦ⢯ ⱶ Ϯზ⢮έᵏ᢯ᤚἎἎᷞ ᙖ྆ῲ⒆ᆚ ⱶ ⃪ᐗᤦ ᤒў↮ẗ᫋‫؞‬ᤦ⒇‫؞‬ẗ ૒ኗ`ᤦ ᵏ⒢᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢጪ⫞᩶ ᷞᆶ ᵏ⒢ᕲᆾ ᤦ ⱶ 95) RIMV(2007), Cosmetic Fact Sheet. To assess the risks for the consumer. RIVM report 320104001. 96) RIMV(2006), Disinfectant Products Fact Sheet. To assess the risks for the consumer. RIVM report 320005003. 97) RIMV(2007), Paint Products Fact Sheet. To assess the risks for the consumer. RIVM report 320104008. 98) IMV(2006), Cleaning Products Fact Sheet. To assess the risks for the consumer. RIVM report 320104003. 99) RIMV(2006), Pest Control Products Fact Sheet. To assess the risks for the consumer. RIVM report 320005002/2006. 100) RIMV(2007), Do-It-Yourself Products Fact Sheet. To assess the risks for the consumer. RIVM report 320104007. 101) RIMV(2002), Children's Toys Fact Sheet. To assess the risks for the consumer. RIVM report 612810012/2002. 102) RIMV(2005), ConsExpo 4.0 Consumer Exposure and Uptake Models Program Manual. RIVM report 320104/2005. TG X_XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ՚ᕲ ⱶ՞ ᤦᕮᕲᅆ ẃ᫒ᤦ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢᵏ⒢⹂ᾓ᫒ẗ Ϯ՚ᏽᐂ૓ᤦ ᐂ૓ẗᐂ૓Ѧ࿶ẗᐂ૓ẗᤦ ⯢ᆚ᫊ ♢⮆⪦ẗ♢⮆⪦ᤦ ẗᶪთ ў ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢᕲᆾ Ϯ՚ẗ⯢ᆚ᫊ Ϯ⃫ẗ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ ‫؞‬⢮ Ἆᆚẗᤦ Ḓᗾ⡢ᆚࣶ‫᥻׶‬ᤦ ⵆᨆ՚ẗᫎᐊẗᤦ ӎᵃᤦ⒇‫؞‬ ὢࡪ ў Ӟ⬏ὢ ў ᫒ࢢẗ᥺ள ᨆᷯᾓ᥺ள ᥺ளᢢ‫ ׎‬ ጪ♖૮Ӯᆚ ⱶ ⹂ᾓ᫒ẗ᥺ள ᳞࿶‫᥺⦣؞‬ள Ϯ▃ẗỲᣋᢢ▗ Ἲẗᨆ᥺ள %*: ⱶ ⮆ὦ⪦ ⱶ ᫒ᆯᾚ᫒཮⪦ +PJOUTFBMBOUT"TTFNCMZTFBMBOUT ῿␗ ⪊ᗺ⸃῿␗ Ѓဓ῿␗ ᤟ᕲ ῿␗ ὢⵣ⸃῿␗ ࢆጢᐂ૓ẗ ῿␗ ♢⮆⪦῿␗ ⢮Ὢ῿␗ ᒫ↮ ῿␗ ⵙቊ⪦῿␗ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ⸃῿␗ ⴲ࿚ᏽ⭪⫞ ᕲᆾẗ⪊ᗺ⸃᤟ᕲὢⵣ⸃ ⴲ࿚ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ⸃⭪⫞ ❂⫳ Ὢᐆẗ⸶⦣ẗ ᤋӎ ᐂ૓ẗᒫẗ ў ᆚጢᑲ ⮆ὦ⪦ ў ῿␗ ў ᒫ↮ ў ᫒཮⪦ ў ‫؞‬⢮ ૖ᷢ⯪+PJOUDPMPVS ᗺ࿚᫊ၒ࿚⮆ὦ⪦ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ⸃⮆ὦ⪦ ᐊ♆‫؞‬ ᤚἎὦ⸃ ⳺ཪ᪒⫟ὦ⸃ ᶢᆞὢẗⱶ ῾⦎ ᾓࢊϾ὾ே␖὆⮆ὦ⪦ ᓪ⮊ ᕲⴲ TG X_YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ՚ᕲ ⱶ՞ ᤦᕮᕲᅆ ጪϾ ᥾ϮཫጪϾᶪբẗጪϾ ⮎⪦⮊ᇒ↯ ᾓࢊϾ⤾⪦ ८ὢẗ὆᢯ ⤾⪦᫊⪦ ᐗᕮኗᾚ ‫צ‬ᆪጪϾ ⵢ▗Ӯᆚ ⱶ ᶢᆞὢẗ⹂ᾓⱶ ᆫ᪒⫟ᇒશ⠾ᶢᴲὢᣮலᓪ⤞♆ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ⸃ ᶾᶢ၊⁦᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ⪦ᆚў᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ ♢⪦ᆚ↮ᏽ⁞ϯἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ⼆ᐊ⸃ ὿Ἦӣϲẗḥᾓᏽ⪦࿯⡚ ᫒ࢢẗ ῲ‫⼆؞‬ᐊ⸃ ᐗ▗ Ꮶࡪ⸃ ᕲᆾ⸃ Ϯ᪒ᏽᕲጢ⸃ ⹂ᾓⱶ ኖᐊӮᆚẗ ᣢⱦ⛖ം᥂ࣶⷒᶢ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢጢ᪒‒ ᷪᢷᵫ⭪ሦᵫ ኗẃᣒẺẗ ⵦೊẺ᫊ᘲ৲‒ ᓢം⡢࿺΅ᘲ৲‒ έẃ ⴪ᕮӮᆚẗ ⡚ᆪ᪒⡚࿫ⴲᆯ ⬗Ꮶᐟ ⱶ ⹂ᾓⱶᏽ᥾⦟Ӯᆚẗ ቂὢ⡚ᶳ ⱶ⡢࿺΅ᴲὢᣮல ᆶ᪒♢ཪᴲὢཪὢࣶᴲὢቂὢ⡚ᶳ ᆚጢᑲᆫ᪒⫟ᇒશ⠾ᶢ ୞Ḓல཮⪦ ՚ЃӮᆚẗ ♆ᵫ՚Ѓ⒛Ҟ ᐊӮᆚẗ ᐊⵊᶣ ⡚ᆪጢ⁮ᵫ ⶓᨆ ቢலẗᘲ৲⡚ᆪўⱶ ᵎⳲ⤞ᥞὢᗺ ࢖᤟ẗ⹂ᾓⱶ ὾Ṧᤎᓢ⸦ẗ Ἆᴲẗ ⱶ ‫؞‬⢮ ኖ ⱶᶾᤪ᥊ḒὪᶪբ⮆ὦ⪦ ▊⒆: RIMV(2006), Fact Sheet. To assess the risks for the consumer. TG X_ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <‫צ‬ᆪ>$POT&YQPࢢ०▊ҫ၊ᒲ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ TG X_[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  $POT&YQPኖ୦ᶾᢚẗఆં०▊ҫ၊ᒲᒮᨆં<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ <ⱊ>$POT&YQPኖ୦ᶾᢚẗఆંέဓᒮᨆ ҫ၊ ҫ၊ᕲᅆ ↋‫؞‬ ⽏έ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ ⅷϯ`῿⓷ ኖᨆ ०▊‫؞‬ϲ ⱶ὆ᵿ ⃿ྷᘲ἖ ᫒ࢢᕮ⴪ ⹆‫؞‬἖ ᐞ▊‫؞‬ϲ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ‫؞‬ϲ ०▊‫؞‬ϲ ᫒ࢢᕮ⴪ ᫒ࢢঀὢ ⹆‫؞‬἖ ०▊ఊᢚེἪ၊὆ᕲᢚᷚᕮᤎ⣋ ↶ྷᣋ᤟ᘲ἖ ⸦⽏᤟ᘲ἖ ↶ྷᘲ἖ᘲ⼆ᐊ᤟᤟ᕲ ⃿ྷᘲ἖ Ꮾலᘲ⼆ᐊ᤟᤟ᕲ ⓶‫؞‬έ὾ᕲ⯚ ⽏έDVUPGG↯ҫ ⃿ྷᘲ἖ ⱶ὆ᵿ ⃿ྷᘲ἖ Ὢ ᥻ல၊὆῿⓷ ⱶ὆ᵿ Ὢ ⵊ᥻ல ᐞ▊‫؞‬ϲ ῲὢҲᨆ ҫ⴪ 3VCCJOHPGG %JTMPEHFBCMFBNPVOU ῿⓷᫊ϲ ጦ↮ᅦⱊቢ` ⃿ྷᘲ἖ ẗ▊ᘲ἖ ὢே ⱶ὆ᵿ ⴪ᕮ῿⓷ὦ὾ ጪ↶ॻல ⹃ᢞ ⹃ᢞҲᨆ ☣὆ా‫ۆ‬ ०▊᫊ϲ TG X_\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ↯῿ᤛ◖ ⃿ྷᘲ἖ ᤛ◖ྷ ⃿ྷᘲ἖ Ὢ ⵊ᥻ல὆ᤛ◖ ҫ՚ ०▊᫊ϲ ०▊᫊ϲ ⱶ὆ᵿ ὢே ⯚ᾓᾚ၊ᕮ⤞὆ὢே ӣ⦣ ᥺⹂἖ ᣋᆚ`ኖᨆ ⃿ྷᘲ἖ ῿⓷ቢ` ⓶‫؞‬ὢேᘲ἖ ጪ↶὆ॻல ⯚ᾓᾚ὆ా‫ۆ‬ ῿⓷ቢ` ⯚ᾓఊᵿ ᤛ◖ఊᵿ ⒢⃿ ⮷‫׎‬ᨆታ ⸦⽏ᅎ ⒢ⱊቢ` ▊⒆: RIMV(2006), Fact Sheet. To assess the risks for the consumer. ࢢᾓఊ‫؞‬ᓦЀ୞ὢ⤞ᒎὢ᪒὆⹊ẗᏽ↯῿έဓ⮷Ϯᤎ⣋ῲᶾⴲᨆⵛኗὦ ጪ↶ታ ጪ↶ ӎἎᑶ⸦ Ḗல ૖Ỳ ᕲ὾ྷ ,PX ↋‫؞‬ᵃ ⵛኗἲ έဓⵆӎ ⱶ՞Ӫ ᤦᕮ ⱶἲ ᤎ⣋ⵆᷚ ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵊ έဓᒮᨆ Ѐἲ έဓⵊ૒ ‫צ‬࿚ቢ ⵢ૧ ⱶᶾ ૮ⵊ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ ഞཪ ०▊ҫ၊ᒲ ‫؞‬ᓦ Ѐὢ ὾ே έဓఊ૒ࢢᾓఊ‫؞‬ᓦЀ୞ὢ⤞ᒎὢ᪒ᅪ⹊ẗⵆୂཪலኖ೎ⵛኗᶾ૮ⵢ὾ே έဓఆંѱἮᴲશᎮ၊έဓҲᨆ⃿ӣ཮ὢᶴல။▂Ϯ‫؞‬ᾚ⾞⹃ὦὢⴲẂ ⵆ૒ ᓢᅪ ૒ έဓⵆӎ ᨆ⵷ⵆቢ ╊⁳ ०▊ ॻல Ѐἲ ᶩἲ ᨆ ὶ૒ ὢ Ⳳ၊‫ࢢྖצ‬ᶾᤊં3$3ᅪ↯῿ᢞ ⵆ↮ᴸἪᎮ၊ᢞ▊ఊ╊⁳०▊ॻலЀӪ %/&-ЀἲᘲԾⵆᷚ3$3ЀἲҞ ⵊ૒3$3ЀὢὢⵆὪҫẞ०▊ᶾഞᅦ ỲⵢலϮᶴંѱἪ၊⫾૖ⵆӎ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ⁳Ⴚⵊ૒‫צ‬࿚ࢆ3$3Ѐὢὢ᢯ Ὢ ҫẞ ०▊ྷἲ ࢜▂‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢ ⱶ὆ ᢚẗྷ ᢚẗᘶல ῿⓷᫊ϲ ᢚẗ᫊ϲ ೟ᶾ૮ⵊᒮᨆЀᒮ⹂ᅪ⦣ⵆᷚ᥺ᘲ὾὆ᴶῲⵊᢚẗἲỲⵊ⁞Ѣ೒ἲல▊ ⵊ૒ὢ࿚ⵊӪ ἲ⦣ⵆᷚ3$3Ѐὢὢⵆ၊ᶩᶢ↮ં╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ Ḳ᤟ⵊ૒ TG X_]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆ &$&50$53" लᕮ⤞ 〽Ἆ࿫⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᣋ⣊ள᤟ ᏽ ள᤟ᤪ⤞&$&50$ 〾Ϯ Њᐊⵊ &$&50$ 53"5BSHFUFE 3JTL "TTFTTNFOU Ἦ ૒ᵿⵊ ᨆ⃮὆ ୞ὢ⤞Ḯ ᓢᅪ ᐂ⣃Ἢ၊⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ Ỳⷆ᤟ἲ ྷ`Ἢ၊᷶☏ⵆӎ὾ᆺ೒ᶢ›૒ ल ᕮ⤞᫊⵷ఊἎ࿫⹂ⵇጪ↶‫ ׊‬3&"$) ⵆᶾᤊᨆέ⸧Ἦᣋᢞఊ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ೟။ⵆӎ὾ ⵎ ҫẞ ӣ᫋`Ἢ၊ Ỳⵢல ⮷Ϯᅪ Ҟ ⵎ ᨆ ὶં ⨢၊ ᢚẗὢ պᾓఆӎὶ૒ ⓶‫؞‬ᑲῲἮủ‫؞‬ᐆ⸃⣊၊ὢẗఆᶢṂἪࢆलᑲῲ ᕮ⤞ં ᶿ᤮ ‫؞‬ᐆ὆ ኖ୦ ⨢၊ ᐞ⯚ఆӎ ὶ૒ ủ ‫؞‬ᐆᶾᤊ ᶿ᤮ ‫؞‬ᐆἪ၊ ᒮ⹂ఆቢᤊϮᾓ⡞ᾓ῾Ἢ၊‫ં⽶ܫ‬ѱἮ ᓢέဓᶾഞᅦ०▊ᢞ Ӫ ὢ ⨚ታⵆᷚᢚẗ὾Ϯ↯Ӯ`Ἢ၊ҞӪᅪ⹃ὦⵆӎⴲẂⵊ⁞♆ᅪ◖ⵎᨆὶ૒ં῾ ὢ૒&$&50$53"WⳲ၊‫ྖצ‬Ἦӣ᫋⸶⮆ὢ↮IUUQXXXFDFUPDPSHUSB ᅪ ⦣ⵆᷚ ૒Ả၊ೊⵆᷚ ᢚẗⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ᓦ ኖ୦ᶾં Њ὆ ⱶᶾ ૮ⵢ ‫؞‬ᓦЀἲϮ↲୞ὢ⤞ᒎὢ᪒ᅪ⯚ⵖⵆӎὶᶢὢ೒ᶾ૮ⵢᤊંⴲᨆέဓᒮᨆᅪ έဓⵆቢ०▊ྷἲ ⮷Ϯⵎᨆὶ૒‫؞‬ᓦЀὢ ӣఊ ⱶ՞ὢṦ὆ ⱶἪ ၊ல⮷ϮϮϮઓⵆ቞ὢҫẞᶾંᢚẗ὾Ϯ↯῿०▊ᢞ ἲỲⵊέဓᒮᨆ ὾Ⴚᅪ୞ὢ⤞ᒎὢ᪒ᶾέဓⵆቢఊ૒ &$&50$ 53"ᶾᤊં &$)" ẗல‫؞‬ᨎᶢ ᫊᪒⥊ ↮♖ᶾ ഞཪ ᓦ ↮♖ᤊ <ᒲⱊ>ᶾ ᫊ఊ ⱶᒂ⃪1$1SPEVDU$BUFHPSZ ၊՚ᕲఊ ⱶᕲᅆᅪᢚẗ ⵆӎὶ૒ᢚẗ὾὆⮦὆ᅪỲⵢὢ࿚ⵊኗ။ὢ⯚ⵖఆᶢὶᶢ⮷Ϯ᫊ᤎ⣋ ⵎᨆὶல။ⵆӎὶ૒ G ⱶᒂ⃪1$ ᶾᤊં ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ᢚẗఊ ጪⱶᶾ ഞཪ ⁳ᅆϮ ‫؞‬ᨎఊ૒ ⱶᒂ⃪ં ⁞૖Ҳᶾᤊંӎဒఆ↮ᴸ↮ᆺ⸪ⵗ⁞ ૖ҲḮ╊⁳ ᢚẗ ૖Ҳᶾᤊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ᢚẗఆં ᕲᵪḮ Ӯဖⵆᷚ ӎဒఊ૒ ὢં ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵊ ०▊ྷ ᢞ ᫊ ᢚẗ ᕲᵪᶾᤊ὆ ᢚẗྷἲ ⹃ὦⵆં ୞ ὢẗఆ቞᥺ᘲ὾὆╊⁳᥺ᘲᶾ૮ⵊ०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢӎဒఊ૒ 103) 104) 105) 106) 107) ⵊ՛ᣋᢞ‫؞‬ᨎᷞ՚Ế(2011), Ἆ࿫ᫎ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ӯᆚ ல὆eSDSᶾ⒖ᕮఆં०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὿᤟ᒃЊᐊேⶓ. ECETOC(2004), Targeted Risk Assessment, Technical report no. 93. http://www.ecetoc.org ECETOC(2009), Technical Report No. 107. Addendum to ECETOC Targeted Risk Assessment Report No. 93. ECHA(2010), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.15: Consumer exposure estimation. TG X_^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⹂⮷ᒃ ᫊⵷ဧ ⁞ᶾᤊં ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ẗல ᕲᅆ⒢Ҳᅪ ┋ Њ὆ ᒂ⃪၊ ᕲᅆⵆᷮ૒ ⹂⮷ᒃᶾᤊં ẗலᅪ ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊ ᕲᅆᅪ ⵆӎ ὶં ᐆቢ &$)"὆ ⱶᒂ⃪Ḯ Ḳ ⱶᒂ⃪ં ⱶ Ἆ⸃ᶾഞཪᕲᅆఆᶢὶ૒⹂ⵇጪ↶ẗல ᕲᅆ⒢ҲḮ &$)"὆ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶ ᕲᅆᅪ ᘲԾ⾞ᕲᤋⵆᷚ ẗலḮ ⱶ ϲ὆ ᷞҲϮ Ϯઓⵊ↮ᶾ ૮ⵢ ᴺᴲᓢ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢ ᥺ᘲ὾ ⱶ὆ ẗல ⹃ὦἲ ⵆᷮӎ ⵢ૧ࢢẗἮᓦ↮♖ᤊ<ᒲⱊ>ᶾᤊ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ <ⱊ>&$&50$ㅧ53"ࢢ‫؞‬ᓦЀࢢᾓ ⱶ՞ ᒂ⃪ 1$῿␗ ᫒཮⪦ 1$ӣ‫ⱶ ⹂ ؞‬ ᢯ᤦ ⱶᒂ⃪ ῿␗ ◖Ꮶẗ %*:ẗ῿␗ ♢⮆⪦⢮Ὢࢆጢᤦӣẗ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ῿␗ ᫒཮⪦ ӣ‫⹂ ؞‬Ὢ᫊`ᢚẗᶾᶢ၊⁦᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ ӣ‫⹂ ؞‬Ҳ᥻`ᢚẗᵏ᢯ӎ⒢ ᨆ᤟ཪ⤻᪒ᒫ⮆ὦ⪦ 1$B❂⫳ ⮆ὦ⪦ ᫊ࣶᆚጢᑲ ↲ⵊẗ ӎ⒢ᨆҲலႺ ᶾᶢ၊⁦᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ⚂ ᆚጢᑲ⮆ὦ⪦῿␗ ᒫ⮆ὦ⪦᫒཮⪦ᆚጢᑲ 1$Cⴲ࿚⭪⫞ ᤋӎ῾⦎ ⴲ࿚Ḯ⭪⫞ ᤋӎᏽᐂ૓‫؞؞‬ ኖ୦ᆯ῾⦎ 1$D᥾ϮཫጪϾ ᥾ϮཫጪϾ 1$ᘲႺ ᾂംᏽ ẾϮަ‫؞‬ 1$ᷞႺ ᵏ᢯ ᵏ᢯ 1$ἒ⹊ᅆ‫צ‬ᆚ᪒ᏽ ᐗ▊ ⱶ 1$ӿ⣋ ḯ᪒ ⸪ⵗጪ ᐆ⃫ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ ӿ⣋ ḯ᪒⡚ᆪᐂ૓Ϯ՚ᫎᐊ ӿ⣋ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢϮ՚ᫎᐊ ᤦ⢯ᏽ⃪ᐗᤦ ẗⱶ 1$ᦂᒒ⪦ ⱶ ⯚ⵖ ᤦ⒇ᏽ ⒛᥺ ⱶ ᤦ ᵏ᢯૒ẗலᤦ ᥺ளẗᐂ૓ᤦ Ἆᆚᤦ ♢⮆⪦ᤦ ‫᥻׶‬ᤦ ᤦ ᕲጢ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ૒ẗலᤦ ᥺ளẗἎᆚᤦ ▊⒆: ECHA(2010), Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.15: Consumer exposure estimation. TG X__G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  &$&50$53"ંⴲẂ୞ὢ⤞ᅪέဓⵎᨆὶӎ०▊⮷ϮҞӪϮ▊ဓఆં ቂὦ⫺Ὢ&$&50$53".YMT Ӫᷞᢞ᫋‫צ‬ᆚӎὦ὾Ѐ೒ἲ⯚ⵖⵆᷚᷞҲఆᶢ ὶં ᕮᨆ ⫺Ὢ೒၊ ՚᤟ఆᶢ ὶ૒ ቂὦ ⫺Ὢἲ ᫒⵷ⵆቢ ὾ேἪ၊ ᷞҲఊ ᕮᨆ ⫺Ὢ೒ல ᷞேⵆᷚ ᫒⵷ఆல။ ᷞᢞ ⃮ᘲϮ ὢზᶢ… ὶἪ቞ ኖ୦ ࢢ ᢞ ᫋Ἦᓦ↮♖ᤊ<ᒲⱊ>ᶾ ᫊ⵆᷮ૒᫒ ०▊ॻலЀἲᷞᢞⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ ⴲẂⵊⴲᨆέဓⵛኗӪέဓᒮᨆЀἮ<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ <ⱊ>&$&50$53"ᶾᢚẗఆંέဓᒮᨆⴲᨆέဓᢚⵛ ՚ᕲ έဓᒮᨆ ጪ↶ታ Ὢᐆ`ᤒታ $"4OP 4UFQ ጪ↶ ᓢ &$OP ᢚẗ⹃ὦ ⮷Ϯ*% ⮷Ϯࢎ⇊ ᘲӎ ᕲ὾ྷ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ ጪẗⵢல 4UFQ ጪᆚ⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ ,PXḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ ᣋጪᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆҞӪ ⹂ⵇ`ᕲᅆ ,PDἎ‫؞‬⢲᥺ᕲᐞҲᨆ ,TPJMXBUFSᕲᐞҲᨆ ,TFEJNFOUXBUFSᕲᐞҲᨆ೟ ᫊ࢆᆚḒOP ᫊ࢆᆚḒὢᅲ ⱶᒂ⃪ ⱶⵆᕮᒂ⃪ 4UFQ ᥺ᘲ὾०▊ᕮᕲ `ẗఊ ⱶ὆ᵿ ⱶ὆᤟ᕲᘲ἖ ⴪ᕮⱊቢ`ҫ⴪ҫ՚ ῲὢҲᨆ᥺⹂⴪ᕮ ᥺ᘲ὾⽏έ‫♆⃮؞‬%/&- ᥺ᘲ὾ҫ⴪‫♆⃮؞‬%/&- ᥺ᘲ὾ҫ՚‫♆⃮؞‬%/&- ▊⒆: ECETOC TRA(Ver.3.0). TG X_`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⴲᨆέဓⵛኗӪ०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵊέဓᒮᨆЀἲέဓⵆᷚᨆ⵷ⵆቢ╊⁳ ०▊ॻலЀӪ3$3Ѐἲᶩἲᨆὶ૒3$3ЀἮᢞ▊ఊ╊⁳०▊ॻலЀӪ %/&-ЀἲᘲԾⵆᷚҞ ఊ૒3$3ЀὢὢⵆὪҫẞ०▊ᶾഞᅦỲⵢலϮ ᶴંѱἪ၊⫾૖ⵆӎ०▊⮷ϮϮ⁳Ⴚఊ૒‫צ‬࿚ࢆ3$3Ѐὢὢ᢯Ὢҫẞ έဓ ⱶ὆ᢚẗྷᢚẗᘶல῿⓷᫊ϲᢚẗ᫊ϲ೟ᶾ૮ⵊᒮᨆЀᒮ⹂ᅪ ⦣ⵢỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲᨆ⵷ⵆᷚ᥺ᘲ὾὆ᴶῲⵊᢚẗἲỲⵊ⁞Ѣἲல▊ⵊ૒ ὢḮ Їὢ ᐆᓣҲᢞ*UFSBUJPO ἲ ᨆ⵷ⵆᷚ 3$3 Ѐὢ ὢⵆ၊ ᶩᶢ↮ં ╊⁳ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪḲ᤟ⵆѺఊ૒०▊ॻலЀἲ࢜▒Ἢ၊᭖3$3Ѐἲ╊⁳` Ἢ၊ὢⵆ၊ ᶢⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ᥺ᘲ὾ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊΅Ͼ⁞♆೒ἲ◖ⵎᨆὶ૒ Ⳳ၊‫ྖצ‬ᶾᐆᷯఆᶢὶ↮ᴸ૒ӎⵆୂཪல&$&50$53"ࢢࢢᾓఊỲⵢ᤟ Ӯᆚ૮␳ ୞ὢ⤞ᒎὢ᪒ᅪ ⦣ⵆᷚ Ỳⵢ ΅Ͼ ⁞♆Ϯ Ϯઓⵆ቞ ‫צ‬ᶾ ⵢ૧ⵆં SFEVDUJPO GBDUPSᅪ `ẗⵆᷚ ╊⁳ ०▊ ॻலᅪ ᾚᢞ ⵎ ᨆ ὶἪᎮ၊ Ⳳ၊‫צ‬ ྖ᢯὆ⵊҲᶾ՛ⵊⵆ↮ᴸӎ⹃૮`ẗὢϮઓⵊⳲ၊‫ྖצ‬ὢཪⵎᨆὶ૒ ૒ &64&4 &64&4ં&6↿⵷Ỳ⃪ӮⵆᶾЊᐊఊỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ⨢၊ᤊ&6ࢢỲⵢ᤟ ⮷Ϯ ‫؞‬ᨎ↮♖ᤊᶾ ᕮⵗⵆં ኖ୦၊ लᕮ⤞ Њᐊ⾞ᢚẗఆᶢ Ḓӎ ὶ૒ &64&4ኖ୦Ἦ⹆ҫᏽὦ⒢०▊ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ྷᢞ ὢϮઓⵊኖ୦ὢ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ ՚ேἲỲⵢẂ՚ఆંέဓᒮᨆં૒ᅦኖ୦ᶾᘲⵢ᢯૮`Ἢ၊ᆼἮ ᓢᅪ Ẃ՚ⵆӎὶ૒ὢ࿚ⵊὢἎ၊ᢚẗ὾೒ὢኖ୦ᢚẗᶾᶢဒẮἲҘўࢆኖ ୦᷶☏ҞӪϮᇒẞᓢᨆ`Ἢ၊ ࢆḒં ೟ ‫؞‬ᶳ೒ὢ ᫒↶`Ἢ၊ ᢚẗⵆ‫؞‬ᶾ ᶢဒẮὢഞᅦ૒&64&4ં०▊⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊῲ⒢έဓ ᓢᅪᐉᴲ⹆ҫᏽ ὦ⒢⹆ҫ०▊ἲ⦣ⵊὦ⒢०▊ ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᅪᓢ⃪ᷚં՚⁞၊ఆᶢ ὶἪ቞ᢚẗ὾ંᢞ▊ҞӪЀᆺἲ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ 108) ⵊ՛ᣋᢞ‫؞‬ᨎᷞ՚Ế(2011), Ἆ࿫ᫎ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ӯᆚ ல὆eSDSᶾ⒖ᕮఆં०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὿᤟ᒃЊᐊேⶓ. TG X`WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷Ϯ Ϯ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷ϮЊẂ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ᓢᅪ Ỳⵢ ὿ᶳ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯં ᢚᶳᾓᶾᤊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ◖‫ ׷‬᫊ ᴶῲ᤟ὢ ▗ᕲ⽶ ⹃ᓢఆં↮ᅪ ⹃ὦⵆં Ӫ ὢ૒ ᨆ⵷ⵢᵪ ⵆં Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ᶾ૮ⵢ‫؞‬ᨎⵆᷚ⹃ὦఊ⁞♆೒ὢᐆᷯఊ╊⁳०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ ὿᤟ⵊ૒὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷Ϯં<‫צ‬ᆪ>὆૖Ҳ၊ὢზᶢ↲૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷Ϯ૖Ҳ ૖Ҳ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᢚẗᒂỲᏽӣ ὿ᶳ⁞Ѣ೟ᶾ૮ⵢ‫؞‬ᨎⵊὲ᫊ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾᤊ०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢⴲẂⵊὦ὾೒ἲ⹃ὦⵊ૒ ૖Ҳ૖Ҳᶾᤊ⹃ὦఊὲ᫊०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾഞཪ᷶᢯०▊ྷἲᢞ ⵊ૒ ὿ᶳ⹆ҫ὆ ☏ ἲ ⦣ⵢ ᶩᶢ↲ ॻலᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ०▊ྷἲ ↯῿ ᢞ ⵆўࢆ०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ἲ⹊ẗⵆᷚ०▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶ૒ ࢆ०▊ҫ၊ ᢚᶳᾓᶾᤊ὿ᶳ὾὆०▊ҫ၊ં⃪၊⽏έ०▊Ӫҫ⴪०▊၊ὢზᶢ↮቞ ὿ᶳ ӣ ὆ ⸃⣊ᶾ ഞཪ ०▊ҫ၊Ϯ ૒ᅢѺ ࢆ⢮ࢎ ᨆ ὶ૒ Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷Ϯᶾᤊҫ՚०▊Ἦӎဒఆ↮ᴸં૒ TG X`XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⽏έ०▊ ᆼἮ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊ὢ⽏έҫ၊ᅪ⦣ⵆᷚὢზᶢ↲૒⽏έἲ⦣ⵊ ०▊Ἦ ὿ᶳ὾὆ ૮‫⽏⸦ ⃿ ؞‬૮ᷛ὆ ጪ↶ ॻலḮ Ꮾ῿ⵊ ᷞӮὢ ὶἪ቞ ὢં⁞ᢚ‫؞‬ϲ὆⮷‫ॻ׎‬ல၊૮ⱊఊ૒⁞ᢚ‫؞‬ϲἮὪᐆ`Ἢ၊ⵆზ᫊ϲὢ ᢚẗఊ૒ ጪ↶ὢ ᾎᾚ`Ἢ၊ ‫ ᤟׷‬ѢЃᷯⶓὢ ὶં ጪ↶ὢўࢆ ⇕Ἦ ‫؞‬ϲ ேᴶᶾϲⶾ`Ἢ၊०▊ఆંጪ↶ὢཪቢ⇕Ἦ‫؞‬ϲࢢᶾ⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵢᵪⵊ૒ ०▊⮷Ϯં૒ᵿⵊ὿ᶳ᫊ϲ⃿⪧ ⵊᶳጢ᫊ϲ὆०▊ἲ‫⓶؞‬၊ⵆᷚᨆ⵷ ఆᶢᵪⵊ૒⽏έ०▊Ἦ⃪၊὿ᶳ⹆ҫ⃿ᶾ⁢ᾚⵆં‫؞‬⒢↋‫؞‬ᶾᶢ၊⁦ ᵏ⒢ᏽӎ⒢ ೟ἲ⦣ⵢὢზᶢ↲૒⪧⽶ᶾᶢ၊⁦᢯⣊὆⹂ⵇጪ↶Ἦέ὾ ⡚‫؞‬Ϯ૒ᵿⵆӎέ὾὆⡚‫؞‬ᶾഞཪὦ⒢὆⸦⽏‫؞‬ᅪ⦣ⵊ⽏ᨆ἖ὢ૒ᅢ‫؞‬ ഺጦᶾ ०▊⮷ϮϮ ᶢဒẢ ῾ὢ ὶ૒ ૮ᕮᕲ὆ ૖Ҳ ኖ୦ᶾᤊ ሪ↮ έ὾Ϯ ӎ⒢ᏽӎ⒢έ὾ᶾᶢ၊⁦०▊὆ᾎᾚ᤟ἲ૮ᫎⵆᷚᢚẗఊ૒ ⽏έ०▊Ἦӣ‫⃿؞‬ጪ↶὆ॻல०▊‫؞‬ϲ०▊ᘶலḮⵖ‫ۆ‬ᤒታఆᶢᵪ ⵊ૒Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊⽏έॻலંQQNἪ၊ⱊⷲఆўࢆӮဖ὿ᶳᨆ⵷᫊⽏έⵊ ૖Ỳӣ‫؞‬ᕮ⴪૧ጪ↶὆ᵿἪ၊ⱊⷲఊ૒ ҫ⴪०▊ Ὢᕮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ἦ ⃪၊ ҫ⴪ᅪ ⦣ⵢ ०▊ఆ‫؞‬ல ⵊ૒ ὢ࿚ⵊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ἦ ⴪ᕮᶾ՛᥺`ὦᷯⶓἲ ⃪ўࢆ⴪ᕮᅪ⨚Ӫⵆᷚᫎ⒢၊⽏ᨆఊ૒ҫ⴪० ▊ἲᤒታⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵊాϮ↮ҫẞં૒ἺӪЇ૒ ⒙ᑶ⇦ંᾎᾚ`ὦҫ⴪०▊၊὿ᶳᓣ὆ṦᕮϮḒᷪఆᶢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ⴪ᕮ ⱊቢᶾ०▊ఆંҫẞὢ૒ὢҫẞᶾં᥾Ӫᐊἲ⯚ⵖⵊ૒ᵿⵊᫎ⒢ᕮỲ὆ ०▊▂ ྷἲⵗⵆᷚҲᢞⵊ૒ ాᑶ⇦ં⴪ᕮᶾ↯῿`Ἢ၊०▊ఊ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᵿἲ▂ ⵆંҫẞὢ૒ὢ ҫẞᶾં὿ᶳᓣὢ⴪ᕮ०▊ἲ╊᥺⹂ⵆ቞὿ᶳᓣ὆⺖἖ᶾഞཪ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ⴪ᕮ၊०▊ఆંᵿὢ૚ཪ↲૒ ҫ⴪ ०▊ྷἮ Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ ०▊ఊ ⴪ᕮ ⱊቢ`ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ḓᷪጪ↶὆ ᵿἪ၊ ⱊⷲఊ૒ TG X`YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ҫ՚०▊ ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᶾ ०▊ఆўࢆ ⴪ᕮ ḥ ೟ᶾᤊ὆ Ḓᷪጪ↶ὢ ҫ՚ ०▊၊ ὢᶢ↶ ᨆὶ૒὿ᶳӣϲӪᐞ᫋ᾓ᥺὆ᕲᆚἺ᫋ᤛ◖ῲ᥾૔‫؞‬೟Ἢ၊ᶢ੾ லҫ՚०▊ἲᐗ↮ⵎᨆὶἪᎮ၊὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷ϮᶾᤊંὪᐆ`Ἢ၊ҫ՚ ०▊ἲӎဒⵆ↮ᴸં૒ ૒὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷Ϯᨆ⵷ ૖Ҳὲ᫊०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ⹃ὦ ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᤊં὿᤟ఊὲ᫊०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ὆〿०▊Ҟ ὦ὾぀ᶾ ⯚ⵖఊ ⵛኗ೒ἲ Ѯ⦎ⵆᷚ ⮷Ϯᶾ ᢚẗⵎ ᨆ ὶં ὦ὾ᅪ ⹃ὦⵢᵪ ⵊ૒ ὲ᫊०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᶾ⯚ⵖఆᶢὶંኖ೎ⵛኗὢ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷ϮᶾⴲẂⵊѱἮ ᴲશ቞ ኖ୦ἲὢẗⵆᷚ ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ ᨆ⵷ⵆં ҫẞ <ⱊ >὆ ጪ᤟ ӣ ᒂ⃪ ὿ᶳ⁞Ѣᶾⵢ૧ⵆંὪᕮⵛኗἲኖ୦ᆯ᫊ⴲᨆ၊έဓⵢᵪⵊ૒ ૖Ҳ०▊᷶☏ ०▊ ᷶☏ᶾં ↯῿`ὦ ὿ᶳ⹆ҫ ☏ ἲ ⦣ⵢ ᶩᶢ↲ ॻலᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ०▊ྷἲ Ҳᢞⵆં ᐗᒃӪ ०▊⮷Ϯ ኖ୦ἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ०▊ྷἲ ᷶☏ⵆં ᐗᒃὢὶ૒՛ࢢᶾᤊંᢞᶳᴶῲᓢѢᒃ ⁞὿ᶳ⹆ҫ☏ ⵛᶾഞཪ Ἆⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵢ ०▊ἲ ⮷Ϯⵆӎ ὿ᶳ⹆ҫἲ Ӯᆚⵆӎ ὶἪ቞ ὢᶾ ഞᅦ ὿ᶳ⹆ҫ☏ ҞӪᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶ૒‫צ‬࿚ࢆ०▊ఆં ኖ೎ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ ὿ᶳ⹆ҫ ☏ ὢ ᶢဣўࢆ ᥺‫׊‬ኖ ᢚᶳᾓ὆ ὿ᶳ⹆ҫ ☏ ᏽ Ӯᆚᶾ ᶢဒẮὢ ὶં ҫẞᶾં ὢᅪ ⵢ᥺ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ ०▊⮷Ϯ ኖ୦ἲᢚẗⵎᨆὶ૒Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᶾં᷶☏०▊ॻலḮ☏ ०▊ॻலᅪ ኖా‫؞‬έⵎᨆὶἪ቞૒ᵿⵊҞӪЀ೒⃿૮ⱝЀἪ၊ᢚẗⵆӎ὾ⵆંЀ ᶾંὢᅪታ᫊ⵆல။ⵊ૒ TG X`ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ϯ ὿ᶳ⹆ҫ☏ ἲ⦣ⵊ०▊᷶☏ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢᐊᣋϮઓⵊϯϯ὆૒ᅦӣ ᶾᤊ὿ᶳⵆં‫ת‬၊὾ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ Њὦᒲ၊᫊Ⴚ␲◖ᅪⵆᷚ὿ᶳ⹆ҫἲ☏ ⵊ૒὿ᶳ⹆ҫ὆☏ Ἦӎẗ०ேᕮ ӎ᫊ ⸦ㅯ὿ᶳ⹆ҫ☏ ᏽ↮ ☏ ‫؞‬Ӯ⮷Ϯ೟ᶾӮⵊӎ᫊ㅰᶾ ഞཪᨆ⵷ⵎᨆὶἪ቞☏ ἲ⦣ⵢᶩᶢ↲०▊ॻலᅪὢẗⵆᷚὪὪ⮷‫׎‬ ०▊ྷἲ૒ἺӪЇὢᢞ ⵊ૒ ჏ⳳ ფጛ × ❨Ⱡᢷ ] ⛓⛓㌠ഷ჏ⳳᜠ = [ Ⰻ⡨ × ჏ⳳ∳୛ ῿⓷ᅎ⸦⽏ᅎ Ἦ᤟ᒲࢆὢ೟૒ᵿⵊẂὦ὆ᷯⶓἲᐉἪ቞<ⱊ>ᶾ⃪ ᶢ↲ᐂḮЇὢὦ⒢०▊Ҳᨆᅪ`ẗⵊ૒ <ⱊ>०▊ྷᢞ ἲỲⵊὦ⒢०▊Ҳᨆ ०▊Ҳᨆ ⒢⃿LH ՚ᕲ ૮ⱝЀ ᤟ὦ࢖὾ ᤟ὦᷚ὾ ᤟ὦῲ⒢⮷‫׎‬ ᶢᆞὢ ҫ὿ᶳ ῿⓷ᅎ ⸦⽏ྷN IS _ᤦ᤟ὦ ⃿೟὿ᶳ ⃿὿ᶳ * - ࢖὾ ᷚ὾ ῲ⒢ ࢖὾ ᷚ὾ ῲ⒢ ࢖὾ ᷚ὾ ῲ⒢ ὿ᶳЃல ҫ὿ᶳ: ᴷᴲᤊ෾ંᤊᤊ‫؞‬Ҳ὆⁞ ἲⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ᥾෾ં⬂ἲϮᒻѺ᳞ંὪ೟ἲᆾⵖ ⃿೟὿ᶳ: ጪ⒢ᅪ೒ўࢆᏮቢᤊѦᶢ૒શંὪ೟ἲᆾⵖ ⃿὿ᶳ: ӏԛὢ↶෾ં᢫↶ⵆંὪ೟ἲᆾⵖ TG X`[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆ ०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ᆯἲ⦣ⵊ०▊᷶☏ ०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ᆯЊẂ ०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ᆯἮ⮷Ϯ૮᢯ጪ↶὆०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒḮ⹃ᓢఊ὾Ⴚᅪ‫⓶؞‬၊ⵆᷚ ὿ᶳ὾ᶾ૮ⵊ०▊⮷ϮᏽỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᅪ᫒᫊ⵎᨆὶல။Њᐊఊ᥺Ⳳ⪦Ỗᶢᅪ ᢚẗⵆᷚ०▊ྷἲ᷶☏ⵆંᐗᒃὢ૒ ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷Ϯᶾᤊᢚẗఎᨆὶંኖ୦Ἦ૮᢯Ӫ૖Ҳᶾഞཪᷚ࿚⁳ᅆϮ ⁢ᾚⵆ↮ᆺ ૮ᕮᕲ὆ ὿ᶳ὾ ०▊⮷Ϯᶾᤊ ᢚẗఆં &$&50$ 53" ં ‫؞‬ᓦ `ὦጪ↶ ᓢᶾ‫ⵆ⓶؞‬ᷚᨆ⵷ఆં᪒⡚ᆚો૖Ҳᅪ⯚ⵖⵆં०▊ኖ୦ὢ૒ &$&50$53"ંᘲԾ`ϲ૖ⵊᒮᨆέဓἲ⦣ⵢ०▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ં ᾓ῾ἲ↮શӎὶἪ቞ᢞ ఊ०▊ྷἪ၊Ҳᢞⵊ3$3ἲ⦣ⵢỲⵢல὆⦣ ᨆ⃮ἲ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ &$&50$53"὆὿ᶳ὾⮷Ϯ᫊ᶿ᤮᫊⪦ᶾᤊ὆०▊ὦ὾έဓ⼾ᅲலં ૒ἺӪ ЇἪ቞ &$&50$ 53"὆ ०▊ὦ὾ ⴲᨆ έဓⵛኗ὆ ᤦᕮ`ὦ ࢢẗἮ <ⱊ>ᅪ⦣ⵢ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ⴲᨆέဓⵛኗᶾⵢ૧ⵆં ᓢં૖Ҳᶾᤊ ᶦ‫ⵊ׷‬ᐂḮЇὢὲ᫊०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ०▊Ҟ ὦ὾⃿ᶾᤊ〿ጪ↶⪧᤟぀ⵛኗӪ 〿०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ⪧᤟぀ⵛኗἲ⹃ὦⵆᷚέဓⵆல။ⵊ૒ ጪ᤟ ᓢέဓぴ130$⁳ᅆᤎ⣋ぴᢞᶳ෾ંῲጦϮᢚẗ⃿ᤎ⣋ ぴӎ⒢ᷚᕮぴᕲ↲லぴ὿ᶳ᫊ϲぴ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆ᢚẗἎጢ ぴ⸦⽏ᓢ⸦՚⺖἖ぴ⸪ⵗጪ⁞᤟⁞ᢚጪ↶ὢӎ⒢Ϯᴲ઺ҫẞᶾᆺ IUUQXXXFDFUPDPSH TG X`\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>&$&50$53"ᅪ⹊ẗⵊ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷Ϯኖ୦ᆯ὆ⴲᨆέဓⵛኗ έဓⵛኗ ጪ᤟ ՚ᕲ ᕲ὾ྷ - ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(hPa, Pa) - ጪẗⵢல - ḓ⢲Ḛ /ጪᕲᐞҲᨆ - ᙎᅢѺᣋᕲⵢఖ , ᣋᕲⵢ᤟᫊ⷆҞӪ ᓦ↶`Ἢ၊ᣋᕲⵢఖ , ᣋᕲⵢఆ↮ᴸἺ (ᤦᕮᕲᅆ ) ӣ ᒂ⃪ ӣ ᒂ⃪ (PROC) 1, 2,… 25c (7,22ંᢞᶳẗἪ၊ᤎ⣋11,20Ἦᐆೊ᫊ῲጦϮẗἪ၊ᤎ⣋ⵢᵪⵖ ) ᢞᶳ /ῲጦϮᢚẗᷚᕮ ᢞᶳẗ , ῲጦϮẗ ጪᆚ`᢯⣊ (ӎ⒢ᷚᕮ ) ᷶ , ᴲશḒ ᕲ↲ᐊᣋ ல (ӎ⒢ ) ᘲᕲ↲᤟ӎ⒢ , ᥺ྷ὆ᕲ↲ , ᓢ⦣὆ᕲ↲ , ૒ྷ὆ᕲ↲ ὿ᶳ᫊ϲ (hrs/day) ὿ᶳ ⁞Ѣ ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆ ᢚẗἎጢ >4᫊ϲ , 1~4᫊ϲ , 15ᕲ ~1᫊ϲ , 15ᕲᏦᆺ ᫒Ṧ , ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆Ϯᤒ♆ఊ᫒ࢢ , Ὢᐆ`ὦ⹆‫؞‬Ϯὢზᶢ↮ં᫒ࢢ , Ὢᐆ`ὦ⹆‫؞‬Ϯᇒẞᾆὢზᶢ↮ં᫒ࢢ , ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆Ϯᤒ♆ఆᶶἪ቞ , Ὢᐆ`ὦ⹆‫؞‬Ϯὢზᶢ↮ં᫒ࢢ ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆Ϯᤒ♆ఆᶶἪ቞ , Ὢᐆ`ὦ⹆‫؞‬Ϯᇒẞᾆὢზᶢ↮ં ᫒ࢢ (ᢞᶳẗᆺᤎ⣋Ϯઓ ) ⸦⽏ẗᓢ⸦՚⺖἖ (%) Ꮶ␗ẗ , 90%, 95% ⸪ⵗጪ⁞᤟ ⸪ⵗጪᴲ૆ , <1%, 1~5%, 5~25%, >25% TG X`]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>ӣ ᒂ⃪ ᑶ ⸦ ӣ ᤒታ ᤒታᏽ᫊᷶ㅧ ०▊ ẞဒϮ ў὆ ᶴં Ꮾ ⮾ఊᷞ᥻ӣ ०▊ Ϯઓ᤟ὢ ᇒẞ ࢜Ἦ ጪ↶ἲ ᢚẗⵆં Ꮾ⮾ ᷞ᥻ ӣ ᷶Ꮾ⮾᫊᪒⥊ἲ⹊ẗⵊᣆ⳺ᆯ ϲⶾ`ὦ ०▊ὢ ὶં Ꮾ⮾ ఊ ᷞ᥻ ӣ Ảῲ὾ ᤒᘲ ᓢᨆ ᐞ▊ ᏽ ०▊ἲ ╊᥺⹂ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ ᤒҲఆᶢ ϲⶾ`ὦ ०▊ᆺὶંӣ ᷶Ἆᘲᓢᨆᣆ⳺ᆯᤒᘲӎᾓ೟ Ꮾ⮾ఊ ⹺ᕲ ӣ ⵗ᤟ ෾ ંᐞⵗ Ꮾ⮾ఊ ⃪έ ӣ ᏽ ẗ‫؞‬ᅪ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ⹺ᕲ ӣ Ἢ၊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ⁞ⵆўࢆ ⱶἲ ⸪ⵗ⁞ ⵆં ӣ ᷶ᣆ⳺ᆯ ϲⶾ`ὦ ०▊ὢ ὶં ⹺ᕲ ෾ં ⵗ᤟ ӣ ὿ᶳ὾Ϯ ↯῿ẾႺ⃪έ ⱶ⯚ᾓ ὿ᶳ὾Ϯ ϲⶾ`Ἢ၊ ὿ᶳⵆᷚ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ⁞ⵆўࢆ ⱶἲ ⸪ⵗ⁞ ⵆં ⹺ᕲ ӣ ᷶ ẾႺ ⨚έ ᣆ⳺ ᆯ ⱶ὆▊ⵆ೟ Њᐗఊ ⹺ᕲ ӣ ᶾᤊ὆ ⸪ ⵗ෾ંᕲᢞӣ ὿ᶳ὾Ϯ ↯῿ ӎ⒢ࢆ ᵏ⒢ ጪ↶ἲ ⸪ⵗⵆўࢆ ᕲᢞ᫊ ✊ ⹂ⵇ ⱶἲ ⁞ⵆўࢆ ⸪ⵗ⁞ ⵆં ӣ ᷶ Ế Ⴚ⨚έ⸪ⵗᣆ⳺ᆯ ⱶ὆▊ⵆ೟ኖ೎ӣ ӿ⣋὿ᶳ Ḗலᅪ ᢯ᪧ᫊⢒ўࢆ ँἮ ቢ`ᶾ ૮ⵆᷚ ⱶᶾ ӿ⣋ ἲࢢંӣ ᷶὾ே␖ӿ⣋೟ ᢞᶳ` ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ ὿ᶳ⮾ᨆ ⮾‫؞‬ጪὢ▂Ϯ`Ἢ၊ᐊᣋ ӣ‫ ؞‬ᕲᢚ ὿ᶳ ❂⫳ ӎ ӿ⣋ ᤦ ೟὆ ⱶἲᢞᶳ`Ἢ၊ல⯚ⵆં὿ᶳἪ၊ᶾᶢ၊⁦὆⽏έ Ϯઓ᤟ὢঀӎ૒ྷ὆⮾ᨆᏽ⮾‫؞‬ጪὢᐊᣋⵆંӣ ᷶❂⫳ ᅪӪ૒ᕲᢚⵆંᐗ᫋὆὾ே␖லᾓ೟ B ᘲӎ ⸃ ΅ᾓẗ‫؞‬ᶾ ΅ᾓ ෾ં ΅ᾓẗ‫؞‬၊ᕮ⤞ ὢᦏ Ảᐆ ᣆ⳺ᆯ ▊ⵆ ⨚έ ὢே ೒ὢᖁ‫⯚ ؞‬ᾓ ೟὆ ᘲӎ ⸃ ẗ‫؞‬ᅪ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ◖‫ ંⵆ׷‬ӣ ᷶ ᕲ ↲↋‫؞‬ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᐊᣋẗ‫؞‬ᤦ⒇೟ C ӎ ⸃ ΅ᾓ᫊ᤒᶾ ΅ᾓ ෾ ં΅ᾓ᫊ᤒ၊ᕮ⤞ὢᦏẢ ᐆ ᣆ⳺ᆯ ▊ⵆ ⨚έ ὢே ೒ὢᖁ‫⯚ ؞‬ᾓ ೟὆ ӎ ⸃ ᤒᘲᅪ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ◖‫ ંⵆ׷‬ӣ ᷶ ᕲ↲ ↋‫؞‬ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᐊᣋᤒᘲᤦ⒇೟ ↮ ఊ ⃪έ ཪὦᶾᤊ ᥺⸃ ẗ‫؞‬ᶾ⃪έⵆંӣ ↋‫؞‬Ḯᶾᶢ၊⁦ἲ⯚↿ⵎᨆὶல။ᤒҲఊᾓ♆ᅪ⦣ ⵆᷚẗ‫؞‬ᶾ⃪έⵆંӣ ᷶⮆ὦ⪦⃪έӣ ၒ࿚ᏽᗺ࿚᫊὿ᶳ ὿ᶳ὾Ϯ↯῿ၒ࿚ᏽᗺ࿚᫊ᅪ⦣ⵢⱊቢἲᤦ⒇ⵆў ࢆ❂⫳ⵆં὿ᶳ᷶லᾓ ⽆ᆪ⩮‫خ‬೟ ᘲᢞᶳ` ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ ὿ᶳ⮾ ᨆ⮾‫؞‬ጪᐊᣋὢᶴἺ ӣ‫ ؞‬ᕲᢚ ὿ᶳ ❂⫳ ӎ ӿ⣋ ᤦ ೟὆ ⱶἲ ὢẗⵊ ᥺‫׊‬ኖ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ ӣ ᷶ Ϯ ẗ லᾓ ೟ ᐊ⯚ ⃪έ὿ᶳ ᐊ⯚ ᅪ⃪έⵆંӣ ᷶ᢺೊỲ♆⬖ࣾ ⁞೟ ૢ‫צ‬ўࢆ ೒ὢᕮᶢ Ḳ ⱶ ⒆ᆚᷪᢷல‫׶‬೟ ‫؞‬Ҳ` Ϯӣὢࢆ Ϯᷢ ᶴὢ ૢ‫ ؞צ‬೒ὢᖁ‫ ؞‬ᤦ⒇ ೟ ὆ӣ ἲўⒾḲ ⱶἲ⒆ᆚⵆંӣ ᷪ᷶ᢷல‫׶‬ ӣ ೟ TG X`^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᵃ▃ ᵃ▊ ⮎ဉ⢮ὢ ⇃Ἢ၊ ᆺ೎ ⱶ ෾ં Ḳ ⱶᣋᢞӣ ᵏ⒢ӎ⒢ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ ‫؞‬Ҳ` ෾ં ᷢᶾࣶ↮ᅪ Ϯⵆᷚ ⱶḲ ⱶἲᣋᢞⵆંӣ ᷶Ἆ↋‫؞‬ᕲ↲೟ᐊᣋ ᥺‫׊‬ኖ ᷞ՚᥺ᶾ ᫒ⷆ᫒ ᫊ ᵫἪ၊ᢚẗ ὿ᶳᾓᶾᤊ ᥺‫׊‬ኖ၊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ◖‫ⵆ׷‬ᷚ ᷞ՚ Њᐊ ẗἪ၊ ᢚẗ᷶ - ෾ં LH Ꮶᆺ὆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ᫒ⷆ ᫒‫׊‬ኖ၊ᢚẗ ᕶḲῲ ᷞ᥺ఊ ᷞႺ ෾ં ⒖Ϯ Ϯᐊᣋⵆંӣ ᷞ᥺ ᫊ ᕶḲῲ ᷞ᥺ఊ ᷞႺ ෾ં ⒖Ϯ Ϯ ०▊ఆં ӣ ૖ᷞ᥺ᣋ᤟ጪἮ Ṧ᷶ࢢᷞ‫؞‬Ӯ೟ Њᐗఊӣ ᶾᤊӎḖӎᵃ ‫؞‬Ҳᶾἒ⹊ ⃪έ ӎḖ ӎᵃἪ၊ Ảῲఆં ‫ ᥻׶‬ᾚ↶὆ Њᐗఊ ᤒᘲᶾ ἒ⹊ ೟ἲ ⃪έⵆં ӣ ᷶ ⭺Ⳳ ⹺ῲ▃ᶾ ἒ⹊ ⃪έ೟ ӎḖ ӎᵃ ‫؞‬Ҳ὆ ἒ⹊ ᢚẗӣ ӎḖ ӎᵃἪ၊ Ảῲఆં Ꮾ⮾ఊ ᤒᘲ὆ ἒ⹊ Ϯ ↋ᐊ ⵆંӣ ᷶⭺Ⳳ⹺ῲ▃ᶾᤊἒ⹊ ↋ᐊ೟ Њὦᓢ⸦՚ᓢᴶҫ ᐗளቢ ೟ ᆺ ␗ẗⵊ ␲၊ ०▊ὢ ᆼἮᨆே὿ᶳ Њὦᓢ⸦՚11& Ṧᶾ ⪧ᒲⵊ ᾓᘲ ᶴὢ ↯῿ ⹂ⵇጪ ↶ἲ◖‫ંⵆ׷‬὿ᶳ᷶லᾓ὿ᶳ೟ Ꮾ⮾ఊ ᢯⣊ᶾᤊ὆ ᷢ ᏽ ᵃဓ ῲ૚ ᵏ⒢ ᢚẗ᷂↲ ㉽ᗺ࿶ὢ⡚ḒὪ೟ ἒ⹊ Ϯ ↯῿ ०▊ఆўࢆ ӎḖ ӎᵃ὆ ⁞Ѣᶾᤊ ⹂ⵇ ᐆἿἲ ⦣ⵢ ०▊ఎ ᨆ ὶં ҫẞ᷶ ὾ே␖ ෾ં ே ဓ‫؞‬᷂↲ḒὪ೟ ‫᥻׶‬Ḳ ⱶ὆ ᢯Ḗ Ϯӣ ᨆே ῶ૖ ࢷᷞ ⁞ᆫ ᕲ ⵢ೟ ‫᥻׶‬ἲ ᨆே ῶ૖ ࢷᷞ ෾ં Ϯӣ ⁞ᆫⵆં ὿ᶳ᷶ ‫᥻׶‬Ϯზ‫؞↋᥻׶‬෾ંᕲ↲ᐊᣋ೟ Ꮾ⮾ ᢯⣊၊ ‫᥻׶‬὆ ӎḖ⒆ ᆚẗἣ၊ẗӿ၊೟ ᕲ↲ ෾ં ‫؞↋ ᥻׶‬Ϯ ᐊᣋⵆં ẗἣ၊ ẗӿ၊ ဖ ၊❂⡚᪒Ḓᗾ೟὆ӣ ᷶ ⒎ӣ ೟ ‫᥻׶‬὆ ӎḖ⒆ᆚ ᏽ Ảᐆ ⃪⁞ல‫׶‬೟ ኖ྆ ‫⸃׶‬ἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ẗἣఊ ӎ⒢ᅪ Ϯӣⵆўࢆ ல‫׶‬ ⵆંӣ ᷶ẗἣ‫᥻׶‬ᶾᤊ↋‫؞‬෾ંᕲ↲ᐊᣋ೟ ‫᥻׶‬Ḳ ⱶ὆ ‫؞‬Ҳ` Ϯӣ ῶᢛᷞᆶ೟ ‫᥻׶‬ἲ ‫؞‬Ҳ`Ἢ၊ Ϯӣⵆᷚ ῶӏ ᷞᆶ ῶᢛ ೟὆ ӣ ᷶Ϯӣӣ ᶾᤊᕲ↲ᐊᣋ೟ ‫᥻׶‬ἲ ⹊ẗⵊ ӎḖ Ϯӣ ẗ῿ൊ↶೟ ẗ῿ ൊ↶ ⹂ᷪ ῶ૖ ೟὆ ὿ᶳ ӣ ᷶ ‫؞↋ ᥻׶‬ ෾ંϮ᪒ᐊᣋ೟ ᢯Ḗᶾᤊ ӎ⒢ ጢ‫ⵇ⹂؞‬ጪ ↶὆◖‫׷‬ ӿᤋ ӿẾႺ‫᥻׶‬ᢞ⹂ጪᏽ᪒⡚ྗ὆⒆ᆚⵆંӣ ᷶ ⯚ᾓ ᏽ ⵢ⒢ ⸪ⵗⵆં Ӫ ᶾᤊ ‫ ᥻׶‬ᕲ↲ ᐊ ᣋ B ‫᥻׶‬ᕲᆾ ⁞ӎḖӣ ӎḖ὆ ‫ ᥻׶‬ᕲᆾ ⁞ ӣ ᷶ ᕲጢ ෾ં Ѣ᫋ ᕲᢚ ೟ C ‫᥻׶‬ᕲᆾ ⁞᪣᫋ӣ ᪣᫋὆ ‫ ᥻׶‬ᕲᆾ ⁞ ӣ ᷶ ῲ‫؞‬ᕲⵢ ෾ં ᪣᫋ ᕲᢚ೟ TG X`_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ⹆ҫ Ϯ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ኖ೎⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᶾ૮ⵢᨆ⵷ఊἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ(ᓦ↮♖ᤊ3ᾓ7ῶ) ᏽ०▊⮷Ϯ (ᓦ ↮♖ᤊ 3ᾓ 8ῶ) ҞӪᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ Ӫ ἲ ᨆ⵷ⵊ૒. ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦἮ PNECḮ PECᅪ ᤊ၊ ᘲԾⵆᷚ ᨆ⵷ⵆ቞, ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᒲ၊ ՚ᕲⵆᷚ ᨆ⵷ⵊ૒. Ἆⵢ᤟ᏽ०▊ ᓢᨆ↿ ኖ೎⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᶾ૮ⵢல▊ఆંPNECs၊ⱊⷲⵆ቞, PNECs ல▊Ἦᓦ↮♖ᤊ 3ᾓ7ῶᶾ‫؞‬ᨎఆᶢὶ૒. ⹆ҫ०▊ྷἮ⹆ҫ⃿ॻல, ⅷPECs၊ⱊⷲఊ૒. ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊPECs ல▊෾ⵊᓦ↮♖ᤊ3ᾓ7ῶἲ⦣ⵢ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒. ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᒲᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦἮRCR Ҳᢞἲ⦣ⵢᨆ⵷ⵊ૒. <ⱊ>⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᒲ1&$1/&$ЊẂ ↮ᷛ-PDBM ӿᷛ3FHJPOBM ᨆҲ1&$MPDBMXBUFS1/&$ XBUFS ᨆҲ1&$SFHJPOBMXBUFS1/&$XBUFS ♖ῲጪ1&$MPDBMTFEJNFOU1/&$ TFEJNFOU ♖ῲጪ1&$SFHJPOBMTFEJNFOU1/&$TFEJNFOU ⦎ᵿ1&$MPDBMTPJM1/&$ TPJM ⦎ᵿ1&$SFHJPOBMTPJM1/&$TPJM ᆺᵫᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦᨆ⵷ᶾ૮ⵊ὾ႺϮ▗ᕲⵆ↮ᴸἲ᫊▂Ϯ ᓢᏽ᫊ⷆ ᨆ⵷ὢⴲẂⵆ૒. PEC ᏽPNECᶾ૮ⵢኖా⹃ὦὢὢჲ…ᵪⵆં↮, ෾ંⵆࢆᶾ ૮ⵢ⹃ὦὢὢჲ…ᵪⵆં↮ᅪҞ ⵢᵪⵊ૒. ᆺᵫ▂Ϯ ᓢϮⴲẂⵎҫẞ, ᕶⴲẂⵊ ேጪ᫒ⷆἲ⴪ⵆӎᘲẗӪ᫊ϲἲӎဒⵆᷚ ᓢᅪᣋᢞⵆல။ⵊ૒. TG X``G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ϯ ᨆᣋ⹆ҫᷯᷛ♖ῲጪ⯚ⵖ ᨆᣋ⹆ҫ ↮ⱊᨆ ࢢ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ॻலં ᨆᣋᣋጪᶾ ૮ⵊ ጢᷯⶓॻலḮ ᘲԾⵊ૒. ὢં↮ᷛើᆺᴲશཪӿᷛᨆ⃮ᶾᤊ὆ૢᨆᶾ૮ⵢᨆ⵷ⵊ૒. ↮ᷛ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊં ᐞ▊‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆ॻலᅪ⹊ẗⵊ૒. <ⱊ>ᨆᣋ⹆ҫ ↮ᷛ-PDBM RCRlocalwater = ӿᷛ3FHJPOBM PEClocalwater PNECwater RCRregwater = PECregwater PNECwater PEClocalwater = ᐞ▊᫊↮ⱊᨆࢢ↮ᷛᨆ⃮὆PEC (kgc/m3) PECregwater = ᐞ▊᫊↮ⱊᨆࢢӿᷛᨆ⃮὆PEC (kgc/m3) PNECwater = ᨆҲ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊPNEC (kgc/m3) RCRlocalwater = ↮ᷛᨆ⃮὆ᨆҲᶾ૮ⵊRCR RCRregwater = ӿᷛᨆ⃮὆ᨆҲᶾ૮ⵊRCR ♖ῲጪ⹆ҫ イⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲࢢᏦᣋጪ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲ ࢢ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ॻலં Ꮶᣋጪᶾ ૮ⵊ ጢᷯⶓॻலḮ ᘲԾⵊ૒. ὢં↮ᷛ ᨆ⃮὆ ⹆ҫᶾ ૮ⵢᤊᆺᨆ⵷ⵆ቞, ᐞ▊‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆ॻலᅪ`ẗ ⵆல။ⵊ૒. <ⱊ>ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲࢢᏦᣋጪ⹆ҫ RCRstp = PECstp PNECmicro - organism s PECstp = ᐞ▊᫊ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲࢢ↮ᷛᨆ⃮὆PEC (kgc/m3) 3 PNECmicro-organisms = ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲᶾ૮ⵊPNEC (kgc/m ) RCRstp = ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲᶾ૮ⵊRCR TG YWWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ゥ♖ῲጪ⹆ҫ ♖ῲጪࢢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻலં♖ῲጪᤊ᫋ᣋጪᶾ૮ⵊጢᷯⶓॻலḮᘲԾⵊ૒. ὢં↮ᷛᨆ⃮ើᆺᴲશཪӿᷛᨆ⃮὆ૢᨆᏽⵢᵿ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵢᤊலᨆ⵷ⵊ૒. log Kow Ѐὢ5ᓢ૒⡞ጪ↶὆ҫẞ‫׎‬೟ᐞᕲᒃἲ`ẗⵆ቞, ὢ࿚ⵊጪ↶὆ ҫẞ♖ῲጪᤛ◖ᅪ ⦣ⵊ⽏ᨆᅪӎဒⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ♖ῲጪࢢPEC/ PNECᶾ ૮ⵢ10ὢཪં᢯ᨆᅪᢚẗⵆᷚ↋Ϯ᫊✊⃮૒. <ⱊ>♖ῲጪ⹆ҫ ↮ᷛ-PDBM RCRlocalsed = ӿᷛ3FHJPOBM PEClocalsed PNECsed RCRregsed = ⾞MPH,PXὢ᢯ RCRlocalsed = PECregsed PNECsed ⾞MPH,PXὢ᢯ PEClocalsed ×10 PNECsed RCRregsed = PEClocalsed = ♖ῲጪࢢ↮ᷛᨆ⃮὆PEC (kgc/kgwwt) PECregsed = ♖ῲᨆࢢӿᷛᨆ⃮὆PEC (kgc/kgwwt) PNECsed = ♖ῲጪᶾ૮ⵊPNEC (kgc/kgwwt) RCRlocalsed = ↮ᷛᨆ⃮὆♖ῲጪᶾ૮ⵊRCR RCRregsed = ӿᷛᨆ⃮὆♖ῲጪᶾ૮ⵊRCR TG YWXG T PECregsed ×10 PNECsed G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆ Ἇ᢯⹆ҫᷯᷛ ॻҫ↮ ⦎ᵿ ࢢ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ॻலં Ἇ᢯ᣋጪᶾ ૮ⵊ ጢᷯⶓॻலḮ ᘲԾⵊ૒. ὢ ᫊ᷛ ↮ᷛើᆺ ᴲશཪ ӿᷛ ᨆ⃮ᶾ ૮ⵢᤊல ᨆ⵷ⵆ቞, ↮ᷛ` ‫׊‬ኖᶾ ૮ⵢᤊં30Ὢὢ᢯὆ ⮷‫ॻ׎‬லᅪᢚẗⵊ૒. log Kow Ѐὢ5ᓢ૒⡞ጪ↶὆ ҫẞ ‫׎‬೟ᐞᕲᒃἲ `ẗⵆ቞, ὢ࿚ⵊ ጪ↶὆ ҫẞ ⦎ᵿ ᤛ◖ᅪ ⦣ⵊ ⽏ᨆᅪ ӎဒⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ⦎ᵿ ࢢPEC/PNECᶾ૮ⵢ10ὢཪં᢯ᨆᅪᢚẗⵆᷚ↋Ϯ ᫊✊⃮૒. <ⱊ>Ἇ᢯⹆ҫ ↮ᷛ-PDBM RCRlocalsoil = ӿᷛ3FHJPOBM PEClocalsoil PNECsoil RCRregsoil = ⾞MPH,PXὢ᢯ RCRlocalsoil = PECregagric PNECsoil ⾞MPH,PXὢ᢯ PEClocalsoil ×10 PNECsoil RCRregsoil = PEClocalsoil = ⮷‫׎‬30Ὢேᴶ, ॻҫ↮⦎ᵿࢢ↮ᷛᨆ⃮὆PEC (kgc/kgwwt) PECregagric = ॻҫ↮⦎ᵿࢢӿᷛᨆ⃮὆PEC (kgc/kgwwt) PNECsoil = ⦎ᵿ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊPNEC (kgc/kgwwt) RCRlocalsoil = ↮ᷛᨆ⃮὆⦎ᵿᶾ૮ⵊRCR RCRregsoil = ӿᷛᨆ⃮὆⦎ᵿᶾ૮ⵊRCR TG YWYG T PECregagric ×10 PNECsoil ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ὦ⒢ѢЃ Ϯ⹆ҫἲ⦣ⵊὦ⒢ϲ῿०▊ ᘲᐊᵂỲⵢல Ỳⵢல Ҟ ૖Ҳᶾᤊં ẗྷ-ᐆἿ ⮷ϮḮ ०▊⮷Ϯ ҞӪᅪ ᐂ⣃Ἢ၊ ᢞ▊ⵊ૒. ⹆ҫўே ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ ᶩἮ ᇒ⒢ᒲ ०▊ॻல(PEC)၊ᕮ⤞ ᢞ ఊ ὪὪ ⮷‫׎‬०▊ྷ(ADD), DNEL ෾ં RfD, RfC, ⸦⽏ᅎ, ⒢⃿ἲ ӎဒⵆᷚ ᢞ ⵊ૒. ᘲᐊᵂỲⵢல὆ҫẞ“Ἆⵢ↮ᨆ= ⹆ҫᇒ⒢⃿ὦ⒢०▊ྷ/DNEL ෾ંRfD, RfC”၊ᢞ ⵊ૒. ҲᢞఊἎⵢ↮ᨆϮ1ᓢ૒⡚ўࢆ1ᓢ૒⡢⹃ᅎὢঀἲ ҫẞ ᘲᐊᵂள᤟ᶾ૮ⵊỲⵢϮὶ૒ӎᓢ቞, 1ᓢ૒὿ἲҫẞỲⵢϮ`૒ӎ ϲ⃪ ⵊ૒.110) ♷㓋⤗Ⅿ ( 㚸⛜ ) = 㖯ఔ᤻Ⰻ ⡨ ⛏Ⰻ჏ⳳᜠ ᪋╘㓼 Ⅿ⡗ ᕧᇫ ጜ₈⮏ష⶯ × 㖏㚸ᢷ × Ⰻ⡨ ♷㓋⤗Ⅿ ( ఔ㒓, ఔೃ ) = 㖯ఔ᤻Ⰻ ⡨ ⛏Ⰻ჏ⳳᜠ ᪋╘㓼Ⅿ⡗ ᕧᇫ ጜ₈⮏ష⶯ ỲⵢலҞ Ӫ ↲⵷ὢᕶϮઓⵊҫẞ, ‫צ‬ὢἎḮⵖ‫⮷ۆ‬ϮϮᕶϮઓⵖἲ ታ᫊ⵊ૒(᷶:「ⷲᾚӣὦఊẗྷ-ᐆἿ⮷Ϯ὾ႺϮᶴἪᎮ၊⮷ϮⵎᨆᶴἺ」). ᐊᵂỲⵢல ᐊᵂỲⵢல὆ҫẞⵢ૧ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊҫ၊ᒲ०▊ྷӪὢᶾ૮ⵊᐊᵂဓἲ ὢẗⵆᷚ ⓶Ӫᐊᵂ⹃ᅎἲ ᢞ ⵊ૒ ⅷ 〿⓶Ӫᐊᵂ⹃ᅎ ⽏έ ᤛ◖ ෾ં ⴪ᕮ῿⓷०▊ྷ⾨ᐊᵂဓ぀Ἢ၊ᢞ ⵊ૒ 110) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2006-30⸦「Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ጪ↶ᤎ ‫⃮؞‬, ῶ␖ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ↮♖」. TG YWZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⱟ౓᭳⒫㖬ᢷ á 㖯ఔ ᤻Ⰻ ⡨ ⛏Ⰻ჏ⳳᜠ Z ᭳⒫᝼ ᢞ▊ఊ ⓶Ӫᐊᵂ⹃ᅎἲ ᐊᵂỲⵢᶾ ૮ⵊ ᴶῲⶶẗ ᨆ⃮ Ӫ ᘲԾⵆᷚ ‫צ‬ὢⵆὢቢ ⓶‫؞‬Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ ҞӪᐊᵂỲⵢᅪጢ᫊ⵎᆺⵊᨆ⃮ὦѱἪ၊ ᴶῲⶶẗᨆ⃮ἲ⓶ӪⵆંҫẞᶾંᐊᵂỲⵢᅪጢ᫊ⵎᆺⵊᨆ⃮ὢᴲ઺ѱ Ἢ၊⫾ ⵊ૒ ỲⵢலҞ Ӫ ↲⵷ὢᕶϮઓⵊҫẞ‫צ‬ὢἎḮⵖ‫⮷ۆ‬ϮϮᕶϮઓⵖἲ ታ᫊ⵊ૒᷶ㅯⷲᾚӣὦఊẗྷᐆἿ⮷Ϯ὾ႺϮᶴἪᎮ၊⮷ϮⵎᨆᶴἺ ࢆ᥺ᘲ὾ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦἮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᾎᾚ` Ỳⵢல὆ ⡚‫؞‬ᅪ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢ Ἆⵢ᤟ ⮷ϮҞӪḮ ०▊⮷ϮҞӪᅪᐂ⣃Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵆં૖Ҳὢ૒. ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦἮⴲᨆ `Ἢ၊ὢზᶢ↮ંӪ Ἢ၊, ὢંỲⵢலҞ ᘲ3$3 ၊ ྷ⹂ఆᶢὢჲ↲૒. ὦ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊỲⵢலҞ ᘲ3$3 Ѐὢ1ᓢ૒὿ᴲᵪἎⵢⵊጪ↶὆ỲⵢӮᆚϮ ὢზᶢ↲૒ં ЊाἪ၊, ᆺὪ ὦ⒢ᶾ ૮ⵊ Ỳⵢல Ҟ ᘲ3$3 Ѐὢ 1ᓢ૒ ⡚ѺࢆḒቢ1ᓢ૒὿ἮЀἲᶩ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ▂Ϯ`ὦ὿ᶳ(Ѓ⹂ఊỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ `ẗ೟)ὢⴲẂⵆ૒. ὢ࿚ⵊ▂Ϯ`ὦ὿ᶳἮỲⵢலҞ ᘲ3$3 Ѐὢ1ᓢ૒ ὿Ѻல▊ఎഺ‫↮غ‬ఆⱮὢⵆᷚᨆ⵷ⵊ૒. ♛㓋ጛఇ❬ᶛ ( RCR) = ⛏Ⰻ ჏ⳳᜠ ᪋╘㓼Ⅿ⡗ * 3G%3G$ᅪ`ẗⵎᨆὶἺ 111) ▊⒆: ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾӎ᫊ 2006-30⸦Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ὆૮᢯ጪ↶ᤎ ‫⃮؞‬, ῶ␖ᏽᐗᒃ೟ᶾӮⵊ↮♖. TG YW[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  G ०▊ྷὢ%/&-ᓢ૒὿Ἦҫẞ ỲⵢலϮ`ῶ⽶Ӯᆚఖぴ▂Ϯ⁞♆Ẃ՚ఆ↮ᴸἺ G ०▊ྷὢ%/&-ᓢ૒⡞ҫẞ ỲⵢலϮ`ῶ⽶Ӯᆚఆ↮ኩⵖぴ὾ᤦⵊ⮷ϮḮỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ὢⴲẂ ᥺ᘲ὾ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ὆ҫẞ, ῲᫎᷯⶓ- ҫ⴪, ⽏έ, ҫ՚०▊Ӫ՛᥺ ᷯⶓ - ҫ⴪, ⽏έ ०▊ᶾ ૮ⵊ ⮷ϮϮ Ϯઓⵆ቞, ὢഺ `ẗఆં Ѐ὆ ҫẞ ᵌᶾᤊல▊ఊ०▊ྷӪDN(M)ELἲ⦣ⵢ⮷Ϯⵊ૒. ૒὿ᶳ὾ᶾ૮ⵊᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦ ᴶῲ᤟⹃ὦἮ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆०▊ᶾ὆ⵊ ྷ`ὦỲⵢᨆ⃮ἲ▂ ⵆંѱἲ ὆Ꮶⵆ቞०▊ྷᢞ ὢḲႺఆቢὦ⒢०▊ྷἲ%/&-၊ࢆ৲ᶢ3$3ἲҲᢞⵊ ૒%/&-Ἦᓦ↮♖ᤊᾓῶ὆〿ὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟぀ⵛኗᶾᤊல▊ఊ Ѐἲ`ẗⵆ቞3G%3G$ᅪ`ẗⵎᨆὶ૒ ♛㓋ጛఇ❬ᶛ ( RCR) = ⛏Ⰻ ჏ⳳᜠ ᪋╘㓼Ⅿ⡗ * 3G%3G$ᅪ`ẗⵎᨆὶἺ 3$3 Ѐὢ Ꮶᆺὢቢ ỲⵢலϮ `ῶ⽶ Ӯᆚఆӎ ὶ૒ӎ ⫾૖ఆᶢ ▂Ϯ ⁞♆Ϯ Ẃ՚ఆ↮ ᴸં૒ 3$3 Ѐὢ ὢ᢯ὢቢ ỲⵢலϮ ▗ᕲ⽶ ⦣ ఆӎ ὶ૒ӎⵎᨆᶴἪ቞`ῶⵊỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ἲЃ՚ⵢᵪⵊ૒ TG YW\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳3.. ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ Ỳⵢ᤟ὢ ▗ᕲ⽶ ⦣ ఆ↮ ᴸં૒ӎ ⫾ ఆં ҫẞᶾં Ἆⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᏽ०▊⮷Ϯᶾᤊⵆࢆ෾ં૒ᨆ὆Ẃ᥺ᅪᨆ ⵆંᐆᓣӪ ὢ ⴲẂⵆ૒ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳ ෾ⵊ ०▊ྷ ᢞ ὆ Ҟ Ẃὦ ⃿ ⵆࢆ၊ ⸦⽏‫؞‬ ᓢ⸦՚՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆೟૒ᵿⵊ०▊⦣ ⁞♆೒ὢ⯚ⵖఎᨆὶ૒ ỲⵢலϮ ▗ᕲ⽶ ⦣ ఆં ᨆ⃮3$3 ὢ ఎ ഺ‫ ↮غ‬ᐆᓣ`Ἢ၊ ०▊⮷Ϯᅪᨆ⵷ⵆᷚᵪⵆ቞ᨆ⵷ఊኖ೎Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳Ἦᓦ↮♖ᤊ<ᒲⱊ>ἲ ␦ӎⵆᷚ ‫؞‬ᨎⵆல။ ⵊ૒ Ỳⵢ᤟ ὾Ⴚ ὿᤟ ᫊ᶾં ‫ ᤟׷‬ῲᫎ ᷯⶓ ՛᥺ ᷯⶓᾓ‫؞‬ῲᫎᷯⶓ՛᥺ᷯⶓᶾ૮ⵢϯϯ०▊ҫ၊ᶾഞᅦ०▊ॻல ள᤟⮷Ϯⵛኗᏽ⃪Ẃᷯⶓ%/&-3$3ἲ‫؞‬ᾚⵊ૒ TG YW]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶ⹃ὦ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὿᤟ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ὿᤟Ἦᓦ↮♖ᤊᏽῶ␖ᶾഞཪ὿᤟ⵆல။ⵊ૒. TG YW^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 4장. 용어 및 부록 ῶẗᶢᤒታ ᓦ↮♖ᶾᤊᢚẗⵆંẗᶢ὆ ὆ં૒Ἲᶾ὆ⵊ૒ 〿‫⃮؞‬ẗྷ#FODINBSL%PTF#.% ぀ὢ཮ள᤟ᷯⶓὢ૮⁞↿૖ᶾᘲⵢ⸧Ἦ ḮЇἮ⪧ ↋Ϯᕲὢᐊᣋ⵶ἲഺὢᶾⵢ૧ఆં०▊ྷἲ▂ ⵊЀἲ ᆾⵊ૒ 〿०▊ҫ၊&YQPTVSF 1BUIXBZ ぀཮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ⹆ҫ ᐞ▊ẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ὦ⒢ ⸧Ἦᣋ⣊Ҳᶾ०▊ఎഺ‫↮غ‬὆ὢேᇒЊ⒢Ḯ‫צ‬ҫ၊ᅪᆾⵊ૒ ०▊Ҳᨆ&YQPTVSF 'BDUPS ཮ ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ ⵎ ഺ ⹆ҫἎⵢὦ὾὆ ०▊ྷ Ҟ ӪӮဖఊҲᨆᅪᆾⵆ቞०▊Ҳᨆં՛Ϯᒲᷞဧᒲ᫊૮ᒲ⪧᤟೟ὢ ᐆᷯఆᎮ၊ ⱶ὆ᷞဧᒲὢẗᘶலᢚẗྷ⒢ⱊቢ`ᢚẗᐗᒃἲ⯚ⵖⵆᷚ ०▊ྷᢞ ᶾ↯῿ὢẗఎᨆὶંὦ὾೒ἲ⯚ⵖⵢᵪⵊ૒ ०▊ᴺӎᆚↆ&YQPTVSF"MHPSJUIN ὢ཮०▊ྷᢞ ἲỲⵊⴲẂⵊῶ␖၊᭖ ०▊ྷἲல▊ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᨆ⵷ⵢᵪⵎӪ ἲࢆ⢮ࢦѱὢ૒ 〿०▊ ኖ୦&YQPTVSF .PEFM ぀ὢ཮ ὢ၎` ෾ં ҫⷆ` ӮҲ᫋ἲ ⦣ⵢ Ϯẗⵊ έဓ ὾Ⴚ၊ᕮ⤞ Њᒲ ⸧Ἦ ↿૖ ०▊ ᒮᨆ Ѐἲ ▂ ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ 5PPMἲ↮♛ⵆંᆾ၊ᤊ᫒☏὾ႺϮᶴўࢆ᫒☏ὢᕶϮઓⵊ᢯⹗ᶾᤊ०▊ ⮷Ϯᶾ`ẗఆંἎẗⵊᨆ૖ἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ&YQPTVSF 4DFOBSJP &4 ぀཮ ῲӪ MJGFDZDMF ேᴶ ጪ↶ὢ ⁞ఆўࢆᢚẗఆંᐗᒃӪ ⁞὾⸧Ἦᨆέ὾὆⦣ ᐗᒃ෾ંⵆỲᢚẗ ὾ᶾ૮ⵊጪ↶⦣ պӎᐗᒃὦϲӪ⹆ҫᶾ०▊ఆંӪ ᶾ૮ⵢᷚ࿚Ϯ ↮⁞Ѣἲᤒ ⵆᷚ‫؞‬ᨎⵢঁἮѱἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿०▊⮷Ϯ&YQPTVSF "TTFTTNFOU ぀཮ ⹆ҫ ⃿ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᤟ ᏽ ྷ` ᕲᤋ὾Ⴚᅪ ‫ת‬ў၊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ὦ⒢ࢆ ‫؞‬⢮ ᨆẗ⒢ ࢢᕮ၊ ೒ᶢḒં ०▊ ᨆ⃮ἲ▂ ⵆંѱἲᆾⵊ૒ TG YW_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  〿ள᤟␦ӎ♆3FGFSFODF%PTF3FGFSFODF $PODFOUSBUJPO 3G% 3G$ ぀཮ ҫ՚ ҫ⴪⽏έ೟὆०▊ҫ၊ᅪ⦣ⵆᷚ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢὦ⒢ᶾἎέఆᶶἲҫẞἎⵢ ⵊᷯⶓὢࢆ⢮ࢆ↮ᴸં૒ӎ⫾૖ఆં०▊ྷ०▊ॻல ἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿ጢᷯⶓᨆ⃮%SJWFE/P&GGFDU-FWFMT%/&- ぀ὢ཮⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢὦ⒢ᶾ Ὢ ‫⃮؞‬ὢ᢯०▊ఆᶢᤊંᴶఆંᨆ⃮ἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿ᐆᨆᷯⶓॻல&GGFDUJWF $PODFOUSBUJPO &$ ぀཮ Ὢ ᫊ⷆ‫؞‬ϲ ேᴶ ⦣Ҳ`Ἢ၊᫊ⷆᣋጪᨆ὆Ϯள᤟ᷯⶓἲᐉંॻலᅪᆾⵊ૒ 〿ᐆᨆ♆ᢚॻல-FUIBM $PODFOUSBUJPO-$ ぀཮⦣Ҳ`Ἢ၊᫊ⷆᣋ ጪ὆ᅪ⃫Ѻⵆંᨆẗᵏ᢯὆᫊ⷆጪ↶὆ॻலᅪᆾⵊ૒ 〿᥺ᘲ὾०▊⮷Ϯ$POTVNFS&YQPTVSF"TTFTTNFOU ぀཮᥺ᘲ὾ᅪ૮᢯Ἢ ၊ ⵆં ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ ૮ⵊ ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ ὆Ꮶⵆ቞ ᥺ᘲ ⱶ὆ ᢚẗӪ ᶾᤊ ᐊᣋⵆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊὦ⒢०▊ἲ⮷Ϯⵆંѱἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿ᣋጪॻ▃Ҳᨆ#JPDPODFOUSBUJPO 'BDUPS #$' ぀཮ Ὢ ᫊ϲὢࢆ Ὢ ०▊ ‫؞‬ϲ ⃿ ᨆ⃿ᣋጪ⒢ ࢢ Ḓᷪጪ↶ॻலḮ ᨆ⃿ Ḓᷪጪ↶ॻல὆ ॻலᘲ RVPUJFOU ᅪᆾⵊ૒ “ጢᷯⶓӮ␞ẗྷ/ॻல (No Observed Adverse Effect Level/ No Observed Effect Concentration”཮ᆺ᤟ள᤟೟०▊ྷ-ᐆἿ᫊ⷆᶾᤊ०▊ ↿૖Ӫ `ῶⵊ ጢ⒆ᆚ ↿૖ϲ ᴳᷯⶓ὆ ᘶலࢆ ᫚ϯ᤟ὢ ⦣Ҳ`Ἢ၊ ෾ં ᣋጪⵇ`Ἢ၊ Ἆ὆ⵊ ␖ὢϮ ᶴં ०▊ྷ ⸧Ἦ ०▊ॻலᅪ ᆾⵊ૒. ૒ᆺ ὢ࿚ⵊ०▊ྷᶾᤊᶢඒᷯⶓὢὪᶢࢎᨆலὶἪࢆ⪧ ᴳᷯⶓӪ↯῿` Ἢ၊Ӯဖ᤟ὢᶴἪቢᴳᷯⶓἪ၊ϲ⃪ఆ↮ᴸં૒. “╊᥺ᷯⶓӮ␞ẗྷ/ॻல (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level / Lowest Observed Effect Concentration)”཮०▊ྷ-ᐆἿ᫊ⷆᶾᤊ०▊↿૖Ӫ`ῶⵊ ጢ⒆ᆚ↿૖ ϲ ᴳᷯⶓ὆ ᘶலࢆ ᫚ϯ᤟ὢ ⦣Ҳ`Ἢ၊ ෾ં ᣋጪⵇ`Ἢ၊ Ἆ὆᤟ὶં↋Ϯᅪᓢὢં०▊ྷ⃿⒆ἺἪ၊Ӯ␞ఆ‫؞‬᫊὿ⵆંϮᾓ╊᥺ ०▊ྷἲᆾⵊ૒. 〿ᷛ♆UISFTIPME ぀཮‫צ‬ᨆ⃮ὢⵆᶾᤊἎⵢⵊᷯⶓὢᐊᣋⵆ↮ᴸἲѱ Ἢ၊‫؞‬૮ఆંẗྷἲᆾⵊ૒ TG YW`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 〿᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻல1SFEJDUFE/P&GGFDU$PODFOUSBUJPO 1/&$ 〿཮ ὦϲ ὢ Ṧ὆ᣋ⣊Ҳᶾᤊ᫋ⵆંᣋጪᶾѺἎⵢⵊᷯⶓὢࢆ⢮ࢆ↮ᴸં૒ӎ᷶☏ఆ ં⹆ҫ⃿ॻலᅪᆾⵊ૒ 〿Ṧ᢫&YUSBQPMBUJPO ぀ὢ཮ Ӯ␞ⵎ ᨆ ᶴં ΅ॻல ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ Ỳⵢᨆ⃮ἲ Ӯ␞ϮઓⵊᒂỲ၊ᕮ⤞▂ ⵆંѱἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿ẗྷᐆἿ ⮷Ϯ%PTF3FTQPOTF "TTFTTNFOU ぀཮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ẗྷᨆ⃮Ӫ ὢᶾ ഞᅦ ὦ⒢ ᏽ ᣋ⣊ᶾ Ꮶ♆ં ᷯⶓӪ὆ ᢯Ӯ᤟ἲ ‫׊‬ታⵆં ѱἲ ᆾⵊ ૒ 〿ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ぀ὢ཮ ०▊⮷ϮḮ ०▊ྷᐆἿ⮷Ϯ ҞӪᅪ ᐂ⣃Ἢ၊ ⹂ⵇ ጪ↶὆०▊ᶾ὆ⵊ ྷ`ὦỲⵢᨆ⃮ἲ▂ ⵆӎ‫צ‬ᕶ⹃᫒᤟ἲ ᫊ⵆં ѱἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ3JTL "TTFTTNFOU ぀཮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ὦ⒢Ḯ ᣋ⣊Ҳᶾ Ꮶ♆ં ҞӪᅪ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢӮဖ०▊ᏽள᤟ ᓢᅪ⒢Ҳ`Ἢ၊Ѯ⦎ᏽ⮷Ϯ ⵆંѱἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳3JTL .BOBHFNFOU .FBTVSFT ぀ὢ཮ ጪ↶὆ ጪᆚ⹂ⵇ` ўே⪧᤟Ἢ၊ὦⵢᐊᣋⵆં०▊ὢ⹆ҫᏽὦ⒢ѢЃ὆Ἆⵢᨆ⃮ἲ⓶Ӫⵎ ҫẞὢᅪ ⵊ෾ં΅Ͼ᫊⢒‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊ◖ⵢ↮ંỲⵢ᤟⦣ ⁞♆၊ ὆ ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ Њὦᓢ⸦ᾓᘲ ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆ ὾ே⹂ᤒᘲ ೟὆ ૒ᵿⵊ ०▊⦣ ⁞♆೒ὢ⯚ⵖఎᨆὶ૒ 〿Ἆⵢ᤟⹃ὦ)B[BSE$IBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO ぀ὢ཮⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ள᤟ᏽ὿ẗ‫؞‬὿ ᶾ૮ⵊᷞ՚὾Ⴚᅪᐂ⣃Ἢ၊⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢὦ⒢ࢆᣋ⣊ᶾᏦ♆ંἎⵢᷯⶓ ἲ‫׊‬ታⵆӎ‫↋צ‬ў὆⹃᫒᤟ἲѮ↋ⵆંѱἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ぀ὢ཮⹂ⵇ ⱶ ⁞᫊Ẃ՚ఆંὪဖ὆ӣ ⁞ѢἪ၊ᤊӣ ⸃⣊὿ᶳ⹆ҫ ⁞Ѣ὿ᶳᾓ ቢ`ӣ Ḗல὿ᶳ᫊ϲ ᢚẗྷ०▊ᘶல ᏽ०▊᫊ϲ೟ӪЇἮ०▊Ҟ ᓢᅪ⯚ⵖⵊ૒ 〿⁳ᆾ῾&OEQPJOU ぀ὢ཮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӫ Ӯဖఊ ⪧ ⵊ ள᤟ἲ ᤟ ᏽ ྷ`Ἢ၊ⱊⷲⵊѱἲᆾⵊ૒ TG YXWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  〿⓶ӪᐊᵂỲⵢல&YDFTT$BODFS3JTL&$3 ぀཮ὦ⒢ϮἎⵢጪ↶ᶾὪ ‫؞‬ϲ↮᥻`Ἢ၊०▊ఆᶶἲҫẞ૮᢯ጪ↶ᶾ὆ⵆᷚᐊⷲఎᨆὶં▂ Ϯ`ὦᐊᵂỲⵢ὆Ϯઓ᤟ἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿╊᥺ᷯⶓᨆ⃮%SJWFE .JOJNBM&GGFDU -FWFMT %.&- ぀ὢ཮ ᢚེᶾѺ ᷯ ⶓἲࢆ⢮ࢢંϮᾓ࢜Ἦᨆ⃮Ἢ၊ல▊ఊЀἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿⮷ϮҲᨆ"TTFTTNFOU'BDUPS"' ぀཮⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ள᤟ᶾ૮ⵊேጪ᫒ⷆ ҞӪᅪὦ⒢ᶾṦ᢫ⵆўࢆᏪϾⵊ૮᢯‫`↮غ‬ẗⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊὲ὆`ᓢ Ѐἲ ᆾⵊ૒ 〿(-1(PPE-BCPSBUPSZ1SBDUJDF ぀཮ẞᨆ᫒ⷆ᫒Ӯᆚ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊⹂ⵇጪ↶ ὆ᴶῲ᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵢ᫒᫊ⵆંϯ⁳ள᤟᫊ⷆ὆ᫎ႞᤟ἲᓢ↋ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊ ‫⃮؞‬ἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿1#51FSTJTUFODF #JPBDDVNVMBUJPO BOE 5PYJDJUZ ぀཮ ᾂᅆ᤟Ӫ ᣋጪॻ▃᤟ ᏽள᤟ἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿24"32VBMJUBUJWFPS2VBOUJUBUJWF4USVDUVSF"DUJWJUZ3FMBUJPOTIJQ ぀཮Ἆ ⵢ᤟᫊ⷆἲⵆ↮ᴸӎலጪ↶὆ᕲ὾෾ંᕲ὾՚⁞὆ᷞӮ᤟ἲᘲԾⵆᷚ Ἆⵢ᤟ἲ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢЊᐊఊⳲ၊‫ྖצ‬ἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿3FBEBDSPTT぀཮Ἆⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ೟ ᓢϮὶંጪ↶Ӫ૮᢯ጪ↶ἲᘲԾ ⵆᷚἎⵢ᤟ἲல▊ⵆંᐗᒃἲᆾⵊ૒ 〿W1W#WFSZ 1FSTJTUFOU WFSZ #JPBDDVNVMBUJWF ぀཮ ӎᾂᅆ᤟ ᏽ ӎᣋጪॻ ▃᤟ἲᆾⵊ૒ TG YXXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶᕮ။ <ᒲⱊ> Ἆⵢ᤟὾Ⴚᨆ↿ἲỲⵊ୞ὢ⤞ᒎὢ᪒ኗ။ ՛Ṧ὾ႺẾኗ။ 1. ECB ESIS (European chemical Substances Information System) 2. EPA IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System) 3. EU RAR (European Union Risk Assessment Report) 4. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) 5. IPCS INCHEM (International Programme on Chemical Safety) 6. IUCLID (International Uniform Chemical Information Database) 7. NITE (National Institute of Technology and Evaluation) 8. NLM (National Library of Medicine) -ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) -CCRIS (Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System) -GENETOX (Genetic Toxicology) -HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank) 9. NTP (National Toxicology Program) 10. OECD SIDS (Screening Information Dataset for High Volume Chemicals) ՛ࢢ὾ႺẾኗ။ 1. ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ– ⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᓢ᫊᪒⥊(NCIS) 2. ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ– Ἆⵢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᕲᅆ·ⱊ᫊↮Ế᫊᪒⥊ 3. ᥺ᐗᐗᾚ⒛– ՛ϮỲⷆጪ ᓢ᫊᪒⥊ 4. ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲẾ– ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲӮᆚ ᓢ᫊᪒⥊(KISChem) TG YXYG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ᒲⱊ> ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵊӣ ᑶ⸦ ӣ ᑶ⸦ ӣ ᤒታ 1 ०▊ẞဒϮў὆ᶴંᏮ⮾ఊᷞ᥻ӣ 2 ϲⶾ`ὦ०▊ὢὶંᏮ⮾ఊᷞ᥻ӣ (Ảῲ὾ᤒᘲᓢᨆ ) 3 Ꮾ⮾ఊ⹺ᕲӣ (ⵗ᤟෾ંᐞⵗ ) 4 ϲⶾ`ὦ०▊ὢὶં⹺ᕲ෾ંⵗ᤟ӣ (὿ᶳ὾Ϯ↯῿ẾႺ⃪έ / ⱶ⯚ᾓ ) 5 Њᐗఊ⹺ᕲӣ ᶾᤊ὆⸪ⵗ෾ંᕲᢞӣ 6 ӿ⣋὿ᶳ 7 ᢞᶳ`᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ὿ᶳ(⮾ᨆ , ⮾‫؞‬ጪὢ▂Ϯ`Ἢ၊ᐊᣋ ) 8a ᘲӎ ⸃΅ᾓẗ‫؞‬ᶾ΅ᾓ෾ં΅ᾓẗ‫؞‬၊ᕮ⤞ὢᦏ , Ảᐆ 8b ӎ ⸃΅ᾓ᫊ᤒᶾ΅ᾓ෾ં΅ᾓ᫊ᤒ၊ᕮ⤞ὢᦏ , Ảᐆ 9 ↮ ఊ⃪έཪὦᶾᤊ᥺⸃ẗ‫؞‬ᶾ⃪έⵆંӣ 10 ၒ࿚ᏽᗺ࿚᫊὿ᶳ 11 ᘲᢞᶳ`᪒Ⳳ࿶ὢ὿ᶳ(⮾ᨆ , ⮾‫؞‬ጪᐊᣋὢᶴἺ ) 12 ᐊ⯚ ⃪έ὿ᶳ 13 ૢ‫צ‬ўࢆ೒ὢᕮᶢḲ ⱶ⒆ᆚ (ᷪᢷ , ல‫׶‬೟ ) 14 , ᵃ▃ , ᵃ▊ , ⮎ဉ⢮ὢ⇃Ἢ၊ᆺ೎ ⱶ෾ંḲ ⱶᣋᢞӣ 15 ᥺‫׊‬ኖᷞ՚᥺ᶾᤊ᫒ⷆ᫒᫊ᵫἪ၊ᢚẗ 16 ᕶḲῲᷞ᥺ఊᷞႺ෾ં⒖Ϯ Ϯᐊᣋⵆંӣ 17 Њᐗఊӣ ᶾᤊӎḖ , ӎᵃ‫؞‬Ҳᶾἒ⹊ ⃪έ 18 ӎḖ , ӎᵃ‫؞‬Ҳ὆ἒ⹊ ᢚẗӣ 19 Ḓ↯Њὦᓢ⸦՚ (ᓢᴶҫ , ᐗளቢ೟ )ᆺ␗ẗⵊ␲၊०▊ὢᆼἮᨆே὿ᶳ 20 Ꮾ⮾ఊ᢯⣊ᶾᤊ὆ᷢᏽᵃဓῲ૚ᵏ⒢ᢚẗ(᷂↲ ㆍᗺ࿶ὢ⡚ḒὪ೟ ) 21 ‫ ᥻׶‬/Ḳ ⱶ὆᢯ḖϮӣ(ᨆேῶ૖ , ࢷᷞ , ⁞ᆫ , ᕲⵢ೟ ) 22 Ꮾ⮾᢯⣊၊‫᥻׶‬὆ӎḖ⒆ᆚ(ẗἣ၊ , ẗӿ၊೟ ) 23 ‫᥻׶‬὆ӎḖ⒆ᆚᏽẢᐆ (⃪⁞ , ல‫׶‬೟ ) 24 ‫ ᥻׶‬/Ḳ ⱶ὆‫؞‬Ҳ`Ϯӣ(ῶᢛ , ᷞᆶ೟ ) 25 ‫᥻׶‬ἲ⹊ẗⵊӎḖϮӣ (ẗ῿ , ൊ↶೟ ) 26 ᢯Ḗᶾᤊӎ⒢ጢ‫ⵇ⹂؞‬ጪ↶὆◖‫׷‬ 27a ‫᥻׶‬ᕲᆾ ⁞(ӎḖӣ ) 27b ‫᥻׶‬ᕲᆾ ⁞(᪣᫋ӣ ) TG YXZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ᒲⱊ> ⹆ҫ०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵊ⹆ҫᐞ▊ᒂ⃪&3$ &3$ &3$ታ &3$ &3$ታ &3$ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᣋᢞ &3$D ‫ࢢ↶؞‬၊⯚ⵖఆંӿᒂỲⵊ᫒ࢢᢚẗ &3$ ⸪ⵗጪ὆⸪ⵗ⁞ &3$E ЊᐗҲࢢӣ ᓢ⁞ ὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒Ṧ ᢚẗ &3$ ᾚႺࢢ⸪ⵗ⁞ &3$F ЊᐗҲࢢᐆἿ᤟ጪ↶὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒Ṧ ᢚẗ &3$ ӣ ᏽᣋᢞⱶࢢӣ ᓢ⁞ ὆ᢞᶳ` ᢚẗḲ ⱶᶾ⯚ⵖఆ↮ᴸἮጪ↶ &3$ ‫ࢢ↶؞‬၊⯚ⵖఆંᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ &3$B &3$G ‫ࢢ↶؞‬၊⯚ⵖఆંӿᒂỲⵊ᫒Ṧᢚẗ &3$B Ꮾ⮾Ҳࢢጪ↶὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒ࢢᢚẗ ૒ᅦጪ↶၊ᣋᢞఆંᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ⃿ⵗ⒢὆ᢚẗ &3$C Ꮾ⮾Ҳࢢጪ↶὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒Ṧᢚẗ &3$C ᐆἿӣ ᓢ⁞ ὆ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ &3$B `Ѻᐞ▊ఆં‫آ‬ᨆታ὆Ḳ ⱶᏽ ᾚႺ὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒Ṧᢚẗ &3$D ᷢϮ᥺᤟ᨆ↮ᣋᢞᶾᢚẗఆં ኖ०ሦ὆ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ ὆ல`ὢўࢆᆼὢᐞ▊ఆં‫آ‬ᨆታ὆ &3$C Ḳ ⱶᏽᾚႺ὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒Ṧᢚẗ ᷞᆶӣ ⯚ⵖ &3$E ᨆ↮ӎጢ⯢ᆚሦᣋᢞࢢ⃿ⵗӣ ⃿ ᢚẗఆંӣ ⁞ῶᾓ♆὆ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ &3$B `Ѻᐞ▊ఆં‫آ‬ᨆታ὆Ḳ ⱶᏽ ᾚႺ὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒ࢢᢚẗ ὆ல`ὢўࢆᆼὢᐞ▊ఆં‫آ‬ᨆታ὆ &3$C Ḳ ⱶᏽᾚႺ὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒ࢢᢚẗ ᷞᆶӣ ⯚ⵖ &3$ Ꮾ⮾Ҳࢢጪ↶὆ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ &3$B ЊᐗҲࢢӣ ᓢ⁞ ὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒ࢢ ᢚẗ &3$B ᷞᆶ‫؞‬ᒃὢᢚẗఆંḲ ⱶ὆ᢞᶳ` ӣ `Ἦᐞ▊ &3$C ЊᐗҲࢢᐆἿ᤟ጪ↶὆ӿᒂỲⵊ᫒ࢢ ᢚẗ &3$C ᷞᆶ‫؞‬ᒃὢᢚẗఆંḲ ⱶ὆ᢞᶳ` ӣ ᆼἮᐞ▊ TG YX[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ^⅞㣶# 7` &$&50$53"ࢢ⮷ϮϮઓⵊ ⱶᒂ⃪1$1SPEVDU$BUFHPSZ ᏽḲ ⱶᒂ⃪"$"SUJDMF$BUFHPSZ ՚ᕲ ⱶ ᒂ⃪ ᒂ⃪ᕲᅆ ⱶኗ။ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$B 1$C 1$D 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ ῿␗ ᫒཮⪦ ⽏␗ ӣ‫ⱶ ⹂ ؞‬ ᕮேᵏӪ ᙇ ⱶ ‫؞‬ᓦ‫᥻׶‬ᏽⵗ‫׶‬ ᢢ▗ ❂⫳ ⮆ὦ⪦᫊ࣶᆚጢᑲ ⴲ࿚⭪⫞ᤋӎ῾⦎ ᥾ϮཫጪϾ ⯛ᐊጪ ᘲႺ ᷞႺ ‫ⱊ᥻׶‬ቢ⒆ᆚ ⱶ ᘲ‫ⱊ᥻׶‬ቢ⒆ᆚ ⱶ ᷢᇒ⒢ ἎᵃἎ ί⡚ᏽ⦎ࣶ ᇒЊ⒢ Q)⁞ῶ‫؞‬Ἷ↿ ♖ῲ ⃿⹂ ЇἮ ⱶ ᫒ⷆẗ⹂ⵇጪ↶ Ϯ⃫⣊ોẗᷪᢷᆶጢᆚᨆ ⛮ᶢ ⱶ ἒ⹊Ἆ‫צ‬ᆚ᪒ᏽᐗ▊ ⱶ ‫᥻׶‬ϮӣἎ ⁳ὢḮᓢೊᷪᢷᆶጢᆚᏽᨆ ⱶ ᫋ጪᓢ⸦ ⱶ ⶓᨆ 1$ ᵫ 1$ ӿ⹂ⵗጪ 1$ ӿ⣋ ḯ᪒⸪ⵗጪ 1$ ⯢ᆚሦ⃮ᘲᏽ⹂ⵗጪ 1$ ᐆல⒢ 1$ ᤚἎᷪႺᆶጢᆚᏽᨆ ⱶ 1$ ᦂᒒ⪦ ⱶ⯚ⵖ ᤦ⒇ᏽ⒛᥺ ⱶ 1$ ᷞᨆ‫؞‬ 1$ ᨆጪ↶ 1$ ẗ῿ᏽࢗൊ ⱶ⳺࿛᪒ ⱶ 1$ ⹂ᾓⱶЊὦỲᣋẗⱶ 1$ ▂▊ጪ TG YX\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ḳ ⱶ ᒂ⃪ "$ ␖ྷ "$ ‫؞‬Ҳ‫؞‬Ҳ ⱶῲ‫؞‬ῲ὾ ⱶ "$ ῲ‫؞‬ᐞ⤞ᆚᏽῲ↮ "$ ஺ᤋӎ᫊ቆ⪦ἎᆚᤦཪᏧ ⱶ "$ ↯ጪᤚἎᏽ὆ᅆ "$ Ϯ⃫ ⱶ "$ ‫ⱶ ᥻׶‬ "$ ⁳ὢ ⱶ "$ ӎጢ ⱶ "$ ࢆጢ ⱶ "$ ⳺ཪ᪒⫟ ⱶ ▊⒆: ECHA(2010). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.15: Consumer exposure estimation TG YX]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ^⅞㣶# 8` 㫮㧳ῖ⹢# ⭃ᡞ∞ᷲ# ㅎᅞ⫚# HFHWRF# WUD# ᕎ# ∞ᷲㅎᅞ# ⪊ᅞ ẗலᕲᅆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ 1$ ᕲᅆ❂ೊ 1$ ⱶᕲᅆ ⽏ᨆ ᏽ⽏␗ 1$ ⽏␗ ῿␗ ᐂὦୂ 1$ ῿␗ ᫒཮⪦ ᶾᶢ၊⁦▂↲ 1$ ӣ‫ⱶ ⹂ ؞‬ Ἷ▃ᐗ↮ ῿␗ᐗ↮ ῲ‫؞‬ᐗ↮ 1$ ᕮேᵏӪ ᙇ ⱶ 1$ ‫᥻׶‬ϮӣἎ 1$ ἒ⹊ᅆ‫צ‬ᆚ᪒ᏽᐗ▊ ⱶ ㅧ ⁳ὢḮᓢೊᷪᢷ ᆶጢᆚᏽᨆ ⱶ 1$ ᤚἎᷪႺ ᆶጢᆚᏽᨆ ⱶ 1$ ᦂᒒ⪦ ⱶ⯚ⵖ ᤦ⒇ᏽ⒛᥺ ⱶ ⱊᐟ ᤦ ᤦ⒇ 1$ 1$ ␗ᢷ ㅧ 1$ 1$ ㅧ ᕮேᵏ ㅧ Ϯ⃫⣊ોẗᷪᢷ ᆶጢᆚᨆ ⛮ᶢ ⱶ ⁳ὢḮᓢೊᷪᢷ ᆶጢᆚᏽᨆ ⱶ ᤚἎᷪႺ ᆶጢᆚᏽᨆ ⱶ 1$B ❂⫳ ⮆ὦ⪦᫊ࣶᆚጢᑲ 1$D ⴲ࿚⭪⫞ᤋӎ῾⦎ 1$ ί⡚ᏽ⦎ࣶ 1$ ⁳ὢḮᓢೊᷪᢷ ᆶጢᆚᏽᨆ ⱶ 1$ ⯢ᆚሦ⃮ᘲᏽ⹂ⵗጪ TG YX^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ẗலᕲᅆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ 1$ ᕲᅆ❂ೊ 1$ ⱶᕲᅆ ␗⹂ ㅧ ㅧ ῲல⒢ ㅧ ㅧ Ѣ▃ẗጪ↶ᏽ⒖Ϯ ㅧ ㅧ ᕮ᫋ᐗ↮ ㅧ ㅧ ⹂ᾓⱶ ᕲ↲Ҟⵗ ῲ‫؞‬ல‫ ׶‬ ⹂ⵇ⯛ᐊ ᘲႺ 1$ ㅧ ⹂ᾓⱶЊὦỲᣋẗⱶ ㅧ 1$ ‫ⱊ᥻׶‬ቢ⒆ᆚ ⱶ 1$ ᘲ‫ⱊ᥻׶‬ቢ⒆ᆚ ⱶ 1$ ⯛ᐊጪ 1$ ᨆጪ↶ 1$ ᘲႺ 1$ ᫋ጪᓢ⸦ ⱶ ▗ῲ 1$C ⴲ࿚⭪⫞ᤋӎ῾⦎ ␗ ㅧ ࢢ⹂⾞ᐗᷞ ᏽࢊᷞ ᕮἎ ㅧ ㅧ ⃪ጪẗẗ ㅧ ㅧ ᐊ⯚ ⾞‫ ⯚؞‬ ᫋ⱶᏽ᫋ⱶ⒖Ϯ ᷞႺ 1$ ᷞႺ ᷞႺ⒖Ϯ 1$ ᷞႺ ᷢῲ૚ 1$ ᷢᇒ⒢ 1$ ἎᵃἎ 1$ ᕮேᵏӪ ᙇ ⱶ 1$ ᷢᇒ⒢ 1$ ἎᵃἎ 1$ ‫᥻׶‬ϮӣἎ ἎᵃἎᏽ⒖Ϯ ㅧ 1$ ⯢ᆚሦ⃮ᘲᏽ⹂ⵗጪ 1$ ᤚἎᷪႺ ᆶጢᆚᏽᨆ ⱶ 1$ ㅧ ӣ‫ⱶ ⹂ ؞‬ ㅧ ⵖ♖ ㅧ ㅧ ῶᷞ ㅧ ㅧ ⃿ϲ⒢ 1$ ᇒЊ⒢ ᫒ⷆ᫒ẗጪ↶ 1$ ᫒ⷆẗ⹂ⵇጪ↶ TG YX_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ẗலᕲᅆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ ἒ⹊ ᏽ⒖Ϯ 1$ ᕲᅆ❂ೊ 1$ ⱶᕲᅆ 1$ ἒ⹊Ἆ‫צ‬ᆚ᪒ᏽᐗ▊ ⱶ 1$ ᘲႺ 1$ ᫋ጪᓢ⸦ ⱶ 1$ ӣ‫ⱶ ⹂ ؞‬ 1$ ᢢ▗ 1$ ӣ‫ⱶ ⹂ ؞‬ 1$ ⶓᨆ 1$ ᘲႺ 1$ ᨆጪ↶ 1$ Q)⁞ῶ‫؞‬Ἷ↿ ♖ῲ ⃿⹂ ЇἮ ⱶ 1$ ᨆጪ↶ 1$ ▂▊ጪ ᘲॻᶳẗॻᵫᏽ᥺ள ⶓႺ ᢞ⹂ Q)⁞ῶ ॻᵫ ㅧ ㅧ 1$ ᢢ▗ 1$ ᫋ጪᓢ⸦ ⱶ 1$ ӿ⹂ⵗጪ ὆ᵫⱶ ㅧ ㅧ ᢚ↲ⷲ᢯ᾚႺ೟ӿ⹂ⵇጪ↶ 1$ ӿ⹂ⵗጪ ӣ ᥻ல⁞ῶ 1$ ㅧ 1$ ⯛ᐊጪ ⹆Ế 1$ ᨆጪ↶ ᓣᢚẗጪ↶ ᐆல⒢ẗጪ↶ ᷞ⹂ ㅧ ㅧ 1$ ᐆல⒢ 1$ ῿␗ ᫒཮⪦ 1$B ❂⫳ ⮆ὦ⪦᫊ࣶᆚጢᑲ 1$ ί⡚ᏽ⦎ࣶ 1$ ⯢ᆚሦ⃮ᘲᏽ⹂ⵗጪ TG YX`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ẗலᕲᅆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ẗலᕲᅆ⒢Ҳ ẗ ᴶ 1$ ᕲᅆ❂ೊ 1$ ⱶᕲᅆ 1$ ῿␗ ᫒཮⪦ 1$ ᢢ▗ 1$B ❂⫳ ⮆ὦ⪦᫊ࣶᆚጢᑲ 1$D ᥾ϮཫጪϾ 1$ ί⡚ᏽ⦎ࣶ 1$ ᦂᒒ⪦ ⱶ⯚ⵖ ᤦ⒇ᏽ⒛᥺ ⱶ 1$ ▂▊ጪ ㅧ ㅧ 1$ ӿ⣋ ḯ᪒⸪ⵗጪ 1$ ᦂᒒ⪦ ⱶ⯚ⵖ ᤦ⒇ᏽ⒛᥺ ⱶ 1$ ⹂ᾓⱶЊὦỲᣋẗⱶ 1$ Ϯ⃫⣊ોẗᷪᢷ ᆶጢᆚᨆ ⛮ᶢ ⱶ Ҳቢ⹊᤟ ⾞ⱊቢ⹊᤟ ⢲઺ ㅧ ㅧ ῾ல⁞ ㅧ ㅧ Ϯ⹗ ⾞Ϯ⹗⓷↲ ㅧ ㅧ ẗ῿ ‫؞‬⢮ 1$ ㅧ TG YYWG T ẗ῿ᏽࢗൊ ⱶ⳺࿛᪒ ⱶ ㅧ ⽏έ ҫ၊ ^⅞㣶# 9` TG YYXG T %JOI1*⾨"⾨'2⾨'⾨&5⾨*3⾨ 7⾨#8 $JOI1*⾨"⾨'2⾨'⾨ 7 ᢞ ᫋ ०▊᫊ϲ ⽏έᅎ ᒮ⹆Ҳᨆ ᫒ࢢᕮ⴪ ⒢⃿ *3 7 #8 ӣ‫؞‬ᕲᢞ἖ ' &5 ᢚẗᘶல LH N⾛ N⾛I I HH FWFOUTEBZ HFWFOU ⵊᢚѢᶾᤊᢚẗఆં ⱶ὆ᵿ " '2 NHLHEBZ N⾛ HH ᫒ࢢᕮ⴪ 7 ⽏έ०▊ᵿ ᒮ⹆Ҳᨆ HH ⱶ᤟ᕲᵿ ӣ‫؞‬ᕲᢞ἖ ' FWFOUTEBZ 1* ᢚẗᘶல '2 HFWFOU HH NHN⾛ ૖Ỳ %JOI ⱶ᤟ᕲᵿ ⵊᢚѢᶾᤊᢚẗఆં ⱶ὆ᵿ " ०▊ఊӣ‫ॻ؞‬ல ᒮᨆᤒታ 1* $JOI ᒮᨆ HFHWRF# WUD# ὂ᠒⩪▶# ╆⭃ᢲᜮ# ᅗᳶ⅞# ╊ⲯ❷ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  TG YYYG T HDN⾛ ᢚẗᘶல ☣ా‫ۆ‬ Ꮾல '2 5- ҫ՚०▊ᵿ ⱶ᤟ᕲᵿ %PSBM 1* ᒮ⹆Ҳᨆ ⒢⃿ #8 % ᢚẗᘶல Ꮾல '2 ᢪ⢖ ⱶᵿ ⒢⃿ #8 7 ᒮ⹆Ҳᨆ % DN ῿⓷ቢ` $" LH HDN⾛ FWFOUTEBZ DN⾛ HH NHLHEBZ LH FWFOUTEBZ DN⾚ HH ⱶ᤟ᕲᵿ NHLHEBZ ҫ⴪०▊ᵿ ૖Ỳ 1* ᒮᨆᤒታ %EFS ᒮᨆ ▊⒆: ECHA(2010). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.15: Consumer exposure estimation %PSBM1*⾨7⾨'2⾨%⾨ #8 %EFS1*⾨$"⾨'2⾨5-⾨%⾨ #8 ҫ⴪ ҫ՚ ᢞ ᫋ ҫ၊ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ᒲⱊ> ὿ᶳ὾०▊⮷Ϯ᫊`ẗఆંỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳3.. [ ⱶ -ጪ↶Ӯဖ ] Ἆⵢ෾ંᘲἎⵢ᤟ᕲ὆ॻல ⵊ 1 2 ጪ↶᢯⣊ᒮҫ(Ex. ᕲᆾ→ ⮎ᆭ ) 3 ᢚẗ὾♊⹂`⯚ᾓ(◖‫׷‬Ͼ᥺ ) ཪᒖᏽጪ↶ᴶῲ὾ႺὢṦ὆ ᓢ /↮♖ /ᇒ੢ᶪ 4 [Ἆ⦣ᏽᢚẗ ⵊ ] 5 Ἆ⦣ᏽᢚẗ– Ὢᐆ 6 ⱶᴶῲ /⁞ᶦ [ӣ /Ӯᆚᒮҫ ] 7 ӣ Ӯᆚ /ᒮҫ 8 ὾ே⹂ 9 ὿ᶳ‫؞؞‬ᓷᦲ 10 ӣ ‫؞؞‬ᤦ⒇ 11 ৲▊ᓷᦲ⁞♆ 12 ૮‫؞‬ᐞ▊὆΅Ͼᏽᤦ⒇ 13 ⮾ᨆ὆΅Ͼᏽᤦ⒇ 14 ⮾‫؞‬ጪ΅Ͼᏽ⒆ᆚ [⹆‫؞‬Ӯᆚ ] 15 ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆ - (ᕮᕲ` ) Ꮾ⮾ 16 ☣ᅆ⸃ᕮ᪒ᏽ὿ᶳ૮ 17 ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆ - ⯚↿⸃⺲ೊ 18 ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆ - ᨆẗ⺲ೊ 19 ՛᥺ᐞ‫؞‬ᾓ♆ - ⪧ᨆ⹂`ẗ [Ὢᐆ⽚ᤋ⹆‫] ؞‬ 20 ⽚ᤋ⹆‫؞‬ [⁞↯`↮♖ ] 21 Ӯᆚ᫊᪒⥊ 22 ᫒ Ảᷯ 23 ὾җᵿ᤟ᏽ⺶ဖ 24 Ͼள 25 ኖશ⤞ᆯ 26 ѢЃѮ↲ [Ỳᣋ⒛ҞἎ↮ᏽ᫊ᤒӮᆚ ] 27 Ỳᣋ⒛Ҟᏽ᫊ᤒӮᆚ [Њὦᓢ⸦ᾓᘲ ] 28 ᫎ⒢ᓢ⸦ 29 ᥾ᓢ⸦ 30 ⸦⽏‫؞‬ᓢ⸦ 31 ᴶቢ /৶ᓢ⸦ [Ἷ‫♆׷‬Ⴚ⁞♆ ] 32 Ἷ‫♆׷‬Ⴚ⁞♆ TG YYZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ᒲⱊ> EU ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ▪ IC = 1: ॻᶳᢞᶳ 5BCMF"ᣋᢞᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ኖ೎MC 〈1 ૮‫؞‬ MC = 1b MC = 1c MC = 3(1) 0 0 0.00001 1-10 0 0.00001 0.0001 10-100 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 100-1,000 0.0001 0.001 0.01 1,000-10,000 0.001 0.005 0.05 ≥10,000 0.005 0.01 0.05 T(tonnes/year) ⮾ᨆ 〈1,000 0.02 ≥1,000 0.003 ⦎ᵿ 0.0001 (1) : Default 5BCMF"⸪ⵗ⁞ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ૮‫؞‬ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ኖ೎MC ⦎ᵿ MC = 1c MC = 3 〈10 0.0005 0.001 0.0025 10-100 0.001 0.0025 0.005 100-1,000 0.0025 0.005 0.01 ≥1,000 0.005 0.01 0.025 T(tonnes/year) ⮾ᨆ MC = 1b 〈1,000 0.02 ≥1,000 0.003 0.0001 (1) : Default TG YY[G T (1) ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  5BCMF"ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ UC ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ૮‫؞‬ ↮ⱊᨆ ᢞᶳ`⦎ᵿ ᏿ᶾ՚⒢`ὦUCᓢ૒૒ᅦUC὆ ം⯢⪦Ѐ 0.1 0.1 0* 3 (ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᕲᢚ ) 1 0 0 9(ᤦ Ḯ⒖Ϯ ), 10(␗ᢷ ), 36(ⶓႺ /ⶓႺ⃿ϲ⒢ ) 0 0.1 0.4 19(ᘲႺ ) 0 0.05 0.95* 26(᫋ⱶ /ᢚႺ⒖Ϯ ) 0 0 0.05 38(᫋ጪᓢ⸦ ), 50(Ҳቢ⹊᤟ ) 0.05 0.1 0.85* 41(὆ᵫⱶ , Ṧẗᵫ ) 0 0 0.1 41(὆ᵫⱶ , ࢢẗᵫ ) 0 0 48(ẗᇒ ) 1 0 *ἮregionalӪcontinental ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊॻᶳ⦎ᵿἪ၊Ϯӎࢆሦ↮UCંᢞᶳ`⦎ᵿἪ၊Ͼ TG YY\G T 0 G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▪ IC=2: ⹂ⵇӣᶳ: ‫ⵇ⹂⓶؞‬ጪ↶ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.2 5BCMF"*$⹂ⵇӣᶳ‫ⵇ⹂⓶؞‬ጪ↶ᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) <100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ૮‫؞‬ ⮾ᨆ ⦎ᵿ <100 0.65 0.25 0.0005 100-1,000 0.8 0.1 0.0025 ≥1,000 0.95 0.05 0.001 <100 0.4 0.5 0.005 100-1,000 0.55 0.35 0.002 ≥1,000 0.65 0.25 0.001 <100 0.25 0.65 0.005 100-1,000 0.35 0.55 0.002 ≥1,000 0.5 0.4 0.001 <100 0.05 0.85 0.005 100-1,000 0.1 0.8 0.002 ≥1,000 0.25 0.65 0.001 Њὦ`ᢚẗ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG YY]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ▪ IC = 3: ⹂ⵇӣᶳ: ⵗ᤟ᶾᢚẗఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 for UC ≠ 33 (⃿ϲ⒢) Table A1.2 for UC = 33 (⃿ϲ⒢) 5BCMF"*$⹂ⵇӣᶳⵗ᤟ᶾᢚẗఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ᢞᶳᶾᤊᣋᢞ6$゗ ὦҫẞ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ૮‫؞‬ ӣ ⮾ᨆ ᪣᫋ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ኖ೎ MC MC = 1a MC = 1b MC = 1c 〈1 0 0 0 1-10 0 0 0.00001 10-100 0 0.00001 0.0001 100-1,000 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 1,000-10,000 0.0001 0.001 0.01 ≥10,000 0.001 0.01 0.025 T(tonnes/year) <1,000 0.02 ≥1,000 0.003 Ѣ᫋ 0 5BCMF"*$⹂ⵇӣᶳⵗ᤟ᶾᢚẗఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ᢞᶳᶾᤊᣋᢞ6$ὦ ҫẞ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ኖ೎ MC ⦎ᵿ ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.3 TG YY^G T MC = 1a MC = 1b MC = 1c 0 0.00001 0.0001 G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 5BCMF"*$⹂ⵇӣᶳⵗ᤟ᶾᢚẗఆં⹂ⵇጪ↶ᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ૮‫؞‬ ӣ ⮾ᨆ ᪣᫋ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ MC = 1b MC = 1c MC = 3(1) 〈1 0 0 0.00001 1-10 0 0 0.0001 ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ኖ೎MC 10-100 0 0.00001 0.001 100-1,000 0.00001 0.0001 0.01 1,000-10,000 0.0001 0.001 0.025 ≥10,000 0.001 0.005 0.05 T(tonnes/year) <1,000 0.02 ≥1,000 0.007 Ѣ᫋ 0.0005 0 ⦎ᵿ 0.0001 (1) : Default ※ ␦⁞: UC ♢⤺ӎᆚ33(⃿ϲ⒢)ᶾ૮ⵊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾᤊᐞ▊Ἦᫎӎ ὾Ϯጪ↶ὢ૒ᅦҫẞᶾϮӣఊ૒ӎታ᫊ⵆ↮ᴸୂཪலᣋᢞ ᶾᤊᐞ▊၊⒖Ϯఆᶢᵪᆺⵊ૒. Њὦ`ᢚẗ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG YY_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ▪ IC = 4:ῲ‫؞‬/ῲ὾ᢞᶳ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.4 5BCMF"*$ῲ‫؞‬ῲ὾ᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ MC = 2 MC = 3(1) <100 0.0005 0.0005 ≥100 0.0005 0.001 ⮾ᨆ 0.0001 0.005 ⦎ᵿ 0.0001 0.01 ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ૮‫؞‬ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) (1) : Default Њὦ`ᢚẗ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG YY`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▪ IC = 5: Њὦ/Ϯ ẗல ᣋᢞTable A1.1 for UC ≠ 9(ᤦ Ḯ⒖Ϯ ), 15(⹂ᾓⱶ) ᣋᢞTable A1.2 for UC = 9, 15 (ᆺᵫᶾᣋᢞྷ< 1,000 tonnes/year Table A1.1 `ẗ) 5BCMF"*$ЊὦϮ ᶾᤊ ⁞ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ 1) 2) 3) 4) ᢯⣊ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ Batch ӣ 1) ᷞ᥻ӣ 2) ૮‫؞‬ 0.000001 0.000001 ⮾ᨆ .3) .4) ӎ⸃⮾‫؞‬ጪ 0 0 ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ᘲὢḖҲቢ⹊᤟ ᶾ૮ⵊethoxylationӪᵿ᤟ӪᵿὢḖҲቢ⹊᤟ ὆ᣋᢞ ᷶ᅪ೒ቢ, ἺὢḖҲቢ⹊᤟ ὆sulphonationḮsulphation ᐞ▊᫊ࢆᆚḒጦᤊᶾഞᅢቢ< 0.3 % (╊ᴳ὆᢯⹗= 0.003) ᐞ▊᫊ࢆᆚḒጦᤊᶾഞᅢቢ< 0.1 % (╊ᴳ὆᢯⹗= 0.001) ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 for UC≠ 9 (ᤦ Ḯ⒖Ϯ ) and 15 (⹂ᾓⱶ) ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.2 for UC = 9 (ᤦ Ḯ⒖Ϯ ) and 15 (⹂ᾓⱶ) 5BCMF"*$ЊὦϮ ᶾᤊ⸪ⵗ⁞ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ‫`♇׊‬ὦᕲᆾ ♆Ꮾⵊᕲᆾ ᵏ⒢ ᴺᨆᶴἺ ૮‫؞‬ 0.0002 0.002 0.00002 0.0002 ⮾ᨆ 0.0001 0.00001 0.0009 0.0009 ӎ⸃⮾‫؞‬ጪ 0.0073 0.0081 0.0032 0.0081 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ Њὦ`ᢚẗ: Table A4.1 TG YZWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  5BCMF"*$ЊὦϮ ᶾᤊЊὦ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ UC ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 41, 47, 50 ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ 0 3 1 5 0.0005 26 35 36 38( ⓶ ) <5,000 0 ≥5,000 0.01 <5,000 0 ≥5,000 0.05 <100 0.05 100-2,500 0.2 2,500-10,000 0.5 ≥10,000 0.9 0.01 38(ॻᵫ , Ếẗ ) 0.05 38(ॻᵫ , ᵎḲேጪ ) ૮‫؞‬ <10 10-100 48, 55 100-1,000 ≥1,000 TG YZXG T <100 0.05 100-5,000 0.1 ≥5,000 0.8 <10 0.005 10-100 0.015 100-1,000 0.15 1,000-10,000 0.4 ≥10,000 0.6 <10 0.0015 10-100 0.075 100-1,000 0.125 1,000-10,000 0.25 ≥10,000 0.4 <10 0.0015 10-100 0.025 100-1,000 0.1 1,000-10,000 0.15 ≥10,000 0.225 <10 0.00075 10-100 0.03 100-1,000 0.075 1,000-10,000 0.125 ≥10,000 0.175 G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᇒ⒢ ↮ⱊᨆ ᢯⣊ UC ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) 5, 35(὾ே␖ ⱶ ) 2(῿␗ ) ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ 0.0005 <25 0 ≥25 0.005 3(ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᕲᢚ ), 5(ࢷϯᐗ↮ ), 19(ᘲႺ ), 35(ἒ⹊Ἆ /⒖Ϯ ) 0 7 0.01 8(Ϯ ẗ ⱶ ) 0.95 8(⹂ᾓⱶ ) 0.8 9,15 1 50 0.99 10(ᤦ ⱶ ) 1 10(⹂ᾓⱶ ) 0.8 10(‫צ‬ᐄ ) 0.5 11 0.8 26 0.025 36(⹂ᾓⱶ ) ⮾ᨆ 36(ᤦ ⱶ ) 36(‫؞‬⢮ ) <2,500 0.8 2,500-10,000 0.5 ≥10,000 0.1 <100 0.9 100-2,500 0.8 2,500-10,000 0.5 ≥10,000 0.1 <100 0.5 100-2,500 0.3 2,500-10,000 0.2 ≥10,000 0.05 38( ⓶ ) 0 38(ॻᵫ , Ếẗ ) 0 38(ॻᵫ , ᵎḲேጪ ) 0.1 41(Ṧẗᵫ ) 0.25 41(՚Ѓ ) 0.05 47 0.9 48, 55 <10 0.1 10-100 0.2 100-1,000 0.4 ≥1,000 0.6 TG YZYG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ UC ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) 2 ⦎ᵿ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ 0.0001 3, 36, 41 0 5 0.0005 7 0.001 8(Ϯ ẗ ⱶ ) 0.01 8(⹂ᾓⱶ ) 0.001 9, 15 0 47, 50 0.01 10 (ᤦ ⱶ ) 0.002 10(⹂ᾓⱶ ) 0.0001 10(‫؞‬⢮ ) 0.01 11 0.0001 19 1 26, 35 0.002 38( Ếẗⱶ: ⓶ , ॻᵫ ) 0.9 <100 38(ॻᵫ , ᵎḲேጪ ) 48, 55 ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG YZZG T 0.05 100-5,000 0.01 ≥5,000 0.002 <10 0.2 10-100 0.1 100-1,000 0.05 1,000-10,000 0.005 ≥10,000 0.002 G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▪ IC = 6: ӣӣᷯᷛ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 for UC≠9 (ᤦ , ᤦ⒇ ) and 15 (⹂ᾓⱶ) ᣋᢞTable A1.2 for UC = 9 and 15 (ᆺᵫᶾᣋᢞྷὢ< 1000 tonnes/yearὢቢTable A1.1 `ẗ) ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 for UC ≠ 9 (ᤦ /ᤦ⒇ ) ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.2 for UC = 9 (ᤦ /ᤦ⒇ ) ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.5 5BCMF"*$ӣӣᷯᷛᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ UC 9 ≤1,000 tonnes/year ૮‫؞‬ ⮾ᨆ ⦎ᵿ 0.0025 0.9 0.05 〉1,000 tonnes/year 0 1 0 39 ॻᵫ , ᘲॻᶳ` 0.1 0.05 0.8 ῲ⒢ ‫؞‬⢮ 0.05 0.45 0.45 Њὦ`ᢚẗ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG YZ[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ▪ IC = 7: Ϯ⃫Ϯӣᢞᶳ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 for UC ≠ 10 (␗ᢷ ) Table A1.3 for UC = 10 (␗ᢷ ) 5BCMF"*$Ϯ⃫Ϯӣᢞᶳᶾᤊᣋᢞ6$ὦҫẞ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Pa) ૮‫؞‬ 0.0008 <2,000 ⮾ᨆ 0.015 2,000-10,000 0.02 10,000-100,000 0.03 100,000-500,000 0.05 ≥500,000 0.06 ⦎ᵿ 0.0001 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.6 5BCMF"*$Ϯ⃫Ϯӣᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Pa) ኖ೎ MC <100 <100 0.001 <100 ≥100 0.01 ૮‫؞‬ ≥100 ⮾ᨆ MC = 2 MC = 3(1) 0 <100 0.05 0.9 100-1,000 0.15 0.99 0.25 0.99 ≥1,000 ⦎ᵿ 0.01 (1) Default Њὦ`ᢚẗ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG YZ\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▪ IC = 8: ‫▊▂᥻׶‬, ဖᏽϮӣᢞᶳ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 for UC ≠ 29(ᷢῲ૚ ) & 35(ἒ⹊Ἆ/⒖Ϯ ) Table A2.2 for UC = 29 & 35 5BCMF"*$‫ ▊▂᥻׶‬ဖᏽϮӣᢞᶳᶾᤊ⸪ⵗ⁞ 6$ὦ ҫẞ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Pa) <1 1-10 10-100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 ૮‫؞‬ 0.00005 0.00001 0.0005 0.0025 0.025 0.002 0.00001 ⮾ᨆ ⦎ᵿ ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.7 5BCMF"*$‫ ▊▂᥻׶‬ဖᏽϮӣᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ UC ≠ 29 & 35 ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ૮‫؞‬ <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 ⮾ᨆ 토양 ᇒ⒢ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ MC = 2 0 0.05 0.1 0.25 MC = 3 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 ᢯⣊ UC = 29 & 35 ૮‫؞‬ ⮾ᨆ log Henry <2 ≥2 ᨊᨆⵊᤋἎ ጪᶾ‫ ⵊ⓶؞‬+ ᴺဒ↮↮ᴸἺ ⦎ᵿ (1) Default Њὦ`ᢚẗ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG YZ]G T 0.05 ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ 0.0002 0.002 0.185 0.316 0.0001 (1) ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ▪ IC = 9: ᤋἎᏽᷞႺᢞᶳ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.8 5BCMF"*$ᤋἎᏽᷞႺᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ <1 0.0001 1-10 0.0005 10-100 0.001 100-1,000 0.005 ≥1,000 0.01 ૮‫؞‬ ⮾ᨆ 0.0005 ⦎ᵿ 0.001 Њὦ`ᢚẗTable A4.2 5BCMF"*$ᤋἎᏽᷞႺᢞᶳᶾᤊЊὦ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ૮‫؞‬ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Pa) 〈10 10-100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 ⮾ᨆ ↮ⱊᨆ ⦎ᵿ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG YZ^G T ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ 0.005 0.015 0.15 0.4 0.6 0.0005 0.0001 0.0001 G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▪ IC = 10: ᢚ↲ᶳ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢚ↲ᨆᤦ(ᵏ⒢)ᶾᢚẗఆં⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) ‫؞‬ᓦЀ Table A2.3 ӎ⸃ጪẾႺ὆ ⁞ᶾᤊUC=42(ӿ⹂ⵇጪ) ᏽ‫؞‬⢮UC 5BCMF"*$ᢚ↲ᶳᶾᤊ⸪ⵗ⁞ ӎ⸃ጪẾႺ὆ ⁞ᶾᤊ6$ӿ⹂ⵇ ጪ ᏽ‫؞‬⢮6$ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Pa) Ҟ ᤟ᾓᶣ ૮‫؞‬ 0 ‫؞‬⢮‫؞‬ઓ೒ ⮾ᨆ <1 0.0001 1-10 0.001 10-100 0.3 100-1,000 0.7 ≥1,000 0.99 Ҟ ᤟ᾓᶣ 0.99 ‫؞‬⢮‫؞‬ઓ೒ 0.002 ⦎ᵿ 0.00025 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.9 5BCMF"*$ᢚ↲ᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) ӎ⸃ẾႺ(᷶ , ⴲᅲ ) ૮‫؞‬ ⮾ᨆ ⦎ᵿ ‫צ‬ᐄ὆ MC = 2 0 <1 1-10 10-100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 ӎ⸃ẾႺ(᷶ , ⴲᅲ ) ᵏ⒢ẗᵏ -ᷪႺᷞேᾓ♆ (⛒⳺࿚ ) -‫צ‬ᐄ὆ ӎ⸃ẾႺ (᷶ , ⴲᅲ ) ‫צ‬ᐄ὆ MC = 3(1) 0.000035 0.00025 0.0075 0.025 0.075 0 0.15 0.8 0 0.00025 (1) Default TG YZ_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  Њὦ`ᢚẗTable A4.3 5BCMF"*$ᢚ↲ᶳᶾᤊЊὦ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ UC = 42(ӿ⹂ⵇጪ ) Ḓ↯ᵏ⒢ẗᵏᶾ૮ⵢᤊ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ૮‫؞‬ 0 ⮾ᨆ 0.4 ⦎ᵿ 0 ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚTable A5.1 5BCMF"*$ᢚ↲ᶳᶾᤊ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ UC = 42(ӿ⹂ⵇጪ ) Ḓ↯ᵏ⒢ ẗᵏᶾ૮ⵢᤊ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Pa) ૮‫؞‬ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ <1 0.000005 1-10 0.000025 10-100 0.00075 100-1,000 0.0025 ≥1,000 0.01 ⮾ᨆ 0.2 ⦎ᵿ 0 TG YZ`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▪ IC = 11:⯢ᆚሦᢞᶳ ᣋᢞ Table A1.1 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.10 ⃿ⵗᐆἿӣ (Polymerisation) G ⯢ᆚሦᢞᶳᶾᤊ⯢ᆚሦં૒ἺӪЇὢᣋᢞఖ: A) ⃿ⵗᐆἿ: A.1) "᪣᫋" (᷶. Ἆ⹂⃿ⵗ) A.2) "Ѣ᫋" (᷶. Ϯ᪒᢯⃿ⵗ) B) ‫؞‬⢮(᷶. ⃿ⵗ⒖Ϯ, ⃿ⵗ▃ⵗ) G ኖ೎Ἆ⸃὆⹂ⵇጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊUCં43, ӣ ⁞ῶ ὢӎ૒ἺӪЇὢ՚ᕲఖ I ૖ྷ⒢(UC 43 ӣ ⁞ῶ ) II ⓷ᇒ(UC 43 ӣ ⁞ῶ ) III Њ᫊ , ᶣ , ↮ᷞ , Ծ␖Ҟⵗ (UC 43 ӣ ⁞ῶ ), Ϯ⹗ (UC53 Ϯ⹗ ) ೟ ※ ⃪὆1. Ế♇`Ἢ၊૖Ҳ1 ᣋᢞᶾᤊӎဒఎᨆὶ૒. 2. ὢẗ Ϯઓⵊ ᓢϮ ᶴἲ ഺ, ӣ Ἆ⸃ "A.1"Ӫ "B" ં ேὪⵊᐞ▊ҲᨆᅪϮ↮ંѱἪ၊ӎဒఊ૒. TG Y[WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  5BCMF"*$⯢ᆚሦᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ⃿ⵗᐆἿӣ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ᇒ⒢ ૮‫؞‬ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) <1 1-10 10-100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 <10 10-100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 ⮾ᨆ <5,000 ≥5,000 ⦎ᵿ Ἆ⸃I ᪣᫋ 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0 0 Ѣ᫋ 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.05 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ Ἆ⸃II ᪣᫋ Ѣ᫋ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0005 0.0005 0.001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.005 0 0.01 0 0.025 0 0.05 0 0.0005 0.0005 0 0 Ἆ⸃III ᪣᫋ Ѣ᫋ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0005 0.0005 0.001 0.001 0.0005 0 0.001 0 0.0025 0 0.005 0 0.00025 0.00025 0 0 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.11 ⯢ᆚሦӣ G ⯢ᆚሦӣ ὆ాϮ↮♢⤺ӎᆚં૒ἺӪЇὢ՚ᕲఖ: A ᷢϮ᥺᤟ӣ B ᷢҫ⹂᤟ᨆ↮ӣ G ᐞ▊ҲᨆᅪỲⵊ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ἆ⸃ὢ૒ἺӪЇὢ՚ᕲఖ I (A, B) ⒖Ϯ : UC7( ῲ‫؞‬ᐊᣋᐗ↮ ), 22(ࢢ⹂/ᐗᷪ /ࢊᷞ ), 49(ᴶ ), 55‫؞‬⢮(᷶: ⵛᢞ⹂ ) ᢷ᥺: UC10(␗ᢷ ) ▗ῲᾚ: UC20(⃪έ‫؞‬, ▗ῲ‫)؞‬ II (A) Ϯ᥺ : UC47(ᷞ⹂ /ҫ⹂⓷↲ ) III (A,B) ẗᇒ: UC48(ẗᇒ ) IV (A,B) ӣ ᓢ⁞ : UC6(῿␗ᐗ↮ ), UC35(ἒ⹊Ἆ/⒖Ϯ ) V (B) ҫ⹂ : UC43(ӣ ⁞ῶ , ᷶: ᶣ ) Ծ␖Ҟⵗ : UC43(ӣ ⁞ῶ : ૖ྷ⒢) TG Y[XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 5BCMF"*$⯢ᆚሦᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ⯢ᆚሦӣ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) <1 1-100 ≥100 ૮‫؞‬ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ࡁં῾ (℃) <300/ᴺᨆᶴἺ ≥300 <300/ᴺᨆᶴἺ ≥300 <300/ᴺᨆᶴἺ ≥300 <400/ᴺᨆᶴἺ ≥400 A 0.001 0.0005 0.0025 0.001 0.01 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.01 0.005 0.025 0.01 0.1 0.05 <100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 <1 1-100 ≥100 <300/ᴺᨆᶴἺ ≥300 <300/ᴺᨆᶴἺ ≥300 <300/ᴺᨆᶴἺ ≥300 B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.075 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.0005 0 0 0.0005 0.00005 0.0001 0 0.00001 0.001 0.00001 ⮾ᨆ 0.0001 0.0005 0.00001 0.001 ⦎ᵿ Њὦ`ᢚẗ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: ᴲ↯ӎဒఆ↮ᴸἺ TG Y[YG T I II <100 0.0005 0.001 0 0.0005 ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ Ἆ⸃ III IV V I II III IV V I II III IV V ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ▪ IC = 12: ⭲Ⳳ, ⁳ὢᏽⵗ⫾ᢞᶳ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 for UC ≠ 10 (␗ᢷ ) Table A1.3 for UC = 10 (␗ᢷ ) ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 for UC ≠ 45 (ᓣᢚ‫)ࣶ⦎؞‬ Table A2.1 for UC = 45 (ᓣᢚ‫)ࣶ⦎؞‬ ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.12 Ⳳᆞ⫳ᏽҞⵗఊӣ 5BCMF"*$⭲Ⳳ⁳ὢᏽⵗ⫾ᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗⳲᆞ⫳ᏽҞⵗఊ ӣ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ UC ം⯢⪦ ૮‫؞‬ 10(␗ᢷ ), 45(ᓣᢚ‫) ࣶ⦎؞‬ 48(ẗᇒ ) ം⯢⪦ ⮾ᨆ ῲ⒢ MC = 2 0 0.05 0.25 0.5 MC = 3(1) 0.01 0.2 0.5 0.75 0 <100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 ጪẗⵢல(mg/L) <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 9(ᤦ Ḯ⒖Ϯ ) 10(␗ᢷ ), 45(ᓣᢚ‫) ࣶ⦎؞‬ 48(ẗᇒ ) ⦎ᵿ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) <100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 MC = 2 0.0001 0.005 0.001 0.05 0.3 0.65 0.85 MC = 3 (1) 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.9 0.0005 <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) <100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 (1) Default TG Y[ZG T MC = 2 0.0015 0.0001 0.00001 0 0.0005 0.001 0.005 MC = 3 (1) 0.0015 0.0001 0.00001 0 G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.13 ⭲Ⳳ, ⁳ὢ, ⵗ⫾ᣋᢞ 5BCMF"*$⭲Ⳳ⁳ὢᏽⵗ⫾ᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ⭲Ⳳ⁳ὢⵗ⫾ ᣋᢞ ᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ UC ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) <100 ૮‫؞‬ ῲ⒢ 100-1,000 ≥1,000 <100 ം⯢⪦ 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 ⮾ᨆ ⦎ᵿ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 <100 100-500 ≥500 <100 100-500 ≥500 <100 100-500 ≥500 - 10(␗ᢷ ): -‫⓶؞‬ᷪႺ , ἺὢḖ -↯῿ᷪႺ -↯῿ᷪႺ , ᵿὢḖ -↯῿ᷪႺ , Ἲ /ᵿὢḖ -ᢞᷪႺ ,ᵿὢḖ /ᴺᨆᶴἺ -ӿ⣋ 20(⃪έ‫ ؞‬,▗ῲ‫) ؞‬, 31(⃪έ ) ῲ⒢ <100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 (1) Default Њὦ`ᢚẗ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG Y[[G T MC = 2 0 0.00001 0.0001 0 0 0.00001 0 0 0 ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ MC = 3(1) 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0 0.0001 0.001 0.023 0.023 0.04 0.04 0.055 0.055 0.028 0.028 0.079 0.079 0.064 0.064 0.05 0.05 0.0015 0.0001 0.00001 0 0.0015 0.0001 0.00001 0 ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚTable A5.2 5BCMF"*$⭲Ⳳ⁳ὢᏽⵗ⫾ᢞᶳᶾᤊ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ UC 10 (␗ᢷ ) 0.1 ૮‫؞‬ 0 UC 45(ᓣᢚ‫ ) ࣶ⦎؞‬⁳ὢἎ⸃ᶾ૮ⵢ ⮾ᨆ -‫⴫྆צ‬ 0.2 -⫾↮ 0.01 -੢᪒ẗ↮ 0.15 -Ỳᣋ⁳ὢ 0.01 -⯚ᾓ↮ 0.1 -ᓢӮẗ 0.05 -‫؞‬⢮෾ં 1Њὢ᢯`ẗ 0.2 ⦎ᵿ 0 TG Y[\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▪ IC = 13: ↯ጪϮӣᢞᶳ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 for UC ≠ 10 (␗ᢷ ) Table A1.3 for UC = 10 (␗ᢷ ) ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.14 UC =10 (␗ᢷ )ᶾ૮ⵊ⮾ᨆ 5BCMF"*$↯ጪϮӣᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) <100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ૮‫؞‬ ≥10,000 ᢯⣊ Batch ᷪᢷ ᷞ᥻`ὦᷪᢷ -thermosol/ᴺᨆᶴἺ -‫؞‬⢮ -Ⳳᆞ⫳ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) <100 ⮾ᨆ 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Pa) <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ UC<>10 UC=10 0.05 0.15 0.4 0.025 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.0007 0.05 0.0025 0.0025 ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Pa) <100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 <100 100-1,000 ≥1,000 - ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ(EF) = ᐞ▊Ҳᨆᷪᢷӣ (E.1) + ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ“⁞὿, ᨆᤦ, ᤦ⒇”(E.2) E.1 =A/(1+K*B)B=1/ᇒᷪᵏᘲ἖(ᇒᷪᵏᘲ἖: ം⯢⪦Ѐ= 10kg ᤚἎ/1L ẗᵏ) A : ᢯ᨆ, K:⮷⸃᢯ᨆ TG Y[]G T ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ UC<>10 0.85 0.75 0.5 0.875 0.85 0.75 0.9 0.875 0.85 0.95 ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.14(Ҳ᥻) 5BCMF"*$↯ጪϮӣᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗ6$␗ᢷ ὦҫẞ ᶾ ૮ⵊᐞ▊ҲᨆҲ᥻ ᢯⣊ ᷪႺἎ⸃ ᕲᢞ ᷪᢷᒃἎ⸃ ᷞ᥻ K 115 Ⳳᆞ⫳ 115 UC = 10 A 5 2 B 1 E.2 0.055 0.5 0.12 ↯῿ Batch 73 1 0.1 (1) ᐆἿ- ኖ↯ Batch 190 1 0.1 1) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ᐆἿ- ቢ Batch 23 1 0.1 1) ᐆἿ- Ὢᐆ Batch 57 1 0.1 1) ᷞ᥻ 190 5 1 Ⳳᆞ⫳ 190 2 0.5 0.12 ᷞ᥻ 40 5 1 0.055 ᷪᢷ⁞ ⹗ 0.055 Ⳳᆞ⫳ 40 2 ᢞ- 1SO3 Batch 90 1 0.1 1) 0.01 ᢞ- >1SO3 Batch 190 1 0.1 1) 0.01 ᷪ‫᤟؞‬ Batch 990 1 0.1 1) 0.01 ᷞ᥻ 30 5 1 Ⳳᆞ⫳ 30 2 0.5 Azoic (naphtole) ‫᥻׶‬ᓣⵗ⒢ ᢷ᥺ ᴺᨆᶴἺ , ࢜Ἦᨆẗ᤟ ᴺᨆᶴἺ , ᢞ‫צ‬ყ 0.5 0.12 0.055 0.12 1) Batch 150 1 0.1 ᷞ᥻ 5000 5 1 0.01 Ⳳᆞ⫳ 5000 2 0.5 0.12 ᷞ᥻ 190 5 1 0.055 Ⳳᆞ⫳ 190 2 Batch 90 1 0.055 0.5 0.1 0.12 1) 0.01 (1) Default 5BCMF"*$↯ጪϮӣᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) UC<>10 UC=10 0.005 <100 ⦎ᵿ ≥100 <100 0.005 100-500 0.0025 ≥500 0.001 <100 0.005 100-500 0.002 ≥500 0.001 TG Y[^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Њὦ`ᢚẗTable A4.4 5BCMF"*$↯ጪϮӣᢞᶳᶾᤊЊὦ`ᢚẗᶾ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல(mg/L) ૮‫؞‬ ⮾ᨆ <250 250-1,000 1,000-5,000 ≥5,000 ⦎ᵿ (1) UC = 10 ᶾ૮ⵢᤊᆺⵢ૧ఖ. ᷶: Batch ᷪᢷேᴶᢞᶳᶾ὆ⵢ ᢯`Ἢ၊ᢚẗఆંἎ⸃ ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG Y[_G T ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ UC = 10(1) 0 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.3 0 ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ▪ IC = 14: ⮆ὦ⪦, ཫ⛒ᏽશ᪒(ӿ⣋) ᢞᶳ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.15 5BCMF"*$⮆ὦ⪦ཫ⛒ᏽશ᪒ӿ⣋ ᢞᶳᶾᤊᢞᶳ`ᢚẗᶾ ૮ⵊᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᢯⣊ ᇒ⒢ UC ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) ↋‫؞‬ᵃ (Pa) 3 (ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᕲᢚ ) 10 (␗ᢷ ), 14(ᕮ᫋ᶣ ), 20(⃪έ‫ ؞‬, ▗ῲ‫) ؞‬ 50(Ҳቢ⹊᤟ ) 0 <10 10-500 500-5,000 ≥5,000 47(ᷞ⹂ ,ҫ⹂⓷↲ ), 52(῾᤟⁞ ⒢ ), 55(‫؞‬⢮ ) 48 (ẗᇒ ) 3 (ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᕲᢚ ) 10 (␗ᢷ ), 14(ᕮ᫋ᶣ ), 20(⃪έ‫ ؞‬, ▗ῲ‫) ؞‬ 50(Ҳቢ⹊᤟ ) 47(ᷞ⹂ ,ҫ⹂⓷↲ ), 52(῾᤟⁞ ⒢ ), 55(‫؞‬⢮ ) ⦎ᵿ Ἆ᤟ 1 ૮‫؞‬ ⮾ᨆ ᨆ᤟ 0 0 0 0.01 0.05 0.8 0.005 0 0 0.001 0.05 0.15 0.9 0 0.001 <10 10-100 0.005 0.01 ≥100 0.05 <10 10-100 ≥100 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.02 0 0.005 0.005 48 (ẗᇒ ) 3 (ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᕲᢚ ) 10 (␗ᢷ ), 14(ᕮ᫋ᶣ ), 20(⃪έ‫ ؞‬, ▗ῲ‫) ؞‬ 50(Ҳቢ⹊᤟ ) 47(ᷞ⹂ ,ҫ⹂⓷↲ ), 52(῾᤟⁞ ⒢ ), 55(‫؞‬⢮ ) 48 (ẗᇒ ) 0.005 ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG Y[`G T 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.001 G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▪ IC = 16: ӣⵇᢞᶳ: ⦎ኗӪ‫؞‬Ҳ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.16 Table A3.16 - *$ ӣⵇᢞᶳ ⦎ኗӪ ‫؞‬Ҳᶾᤊ ᢞᶳ` ᢚẗᶾ ૮ⵊ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒ⒢ ᢯⣊ ጪẗⵢல (mg/L) <100 ૮‫؞‬ 100-1,000 ≥1,000 <100 ⮾ᨆ 100-1,000 ≥1,000 ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Pa) MC = 2 MC = 3(1) MC = 4 <10 0.0001 0.001 0.01 10-100 0.001 0.01 0.1 100-1,000 0.01 0.1 0.25 1,000-10,000 0.1 0.5 0.7 ≥10,000 0.5 0.75 0.9 <10 10-100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 <10 10-100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 <10 10-100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 <10 10-100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.05 0.25 0 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0 0.25 0.05 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.05 0.1 0.5 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.001 0.05 0.1 0.5 0.75 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.75 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.001 <10 0.5 0.75 0.9 10-100 100-1,000 1,000-10,000 ≥10,000 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.7 0.25 0.1 0.01 TG Y\WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <10 <100 ⦎ᵿ 100-1,000 ≥1,000 0.01 0.05 10-100 0.001 0.005 0.01 100-1,000 0.0005 0.001 0.005 1,000-10,000 0 0.0005 0.001 ≥10,000 0 0 0.0005 <10 0.001 0.005 0.01 10-100 0.0005 0.001 0.005 100-1,000 0 0.0005 0.001 1,000-10,000 0 0 0.0005 ≥10,000 0 0 0.0001 <10 0.0005 0.001 0.005 10-100 0 0.0005 0.001 100-1,000 0 0 0.0005 1,000-10,000 0 0 0.0001 ≥10,000 0 0 0 (1) Default Њὦ`ᢚẗ 0.005 Table A3.16 ⮾‫؞‬ጪ⒆ᆚ: `ẗⵎᨆᶴἺ TG Y\XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▪ IC = 0: ‫؞‬⢮ ᣋᢞTable A1.1 ⸪ⵗ(⁞ ) Table A2.1 ᢞᶳ`ᢚẗTable A3.16 TG Y\YG T 화평법 이행을 위한 화학물질 환경 중 농도 예측모형 매뉴얼 ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ ⹂ⵇጪ↶೟။⮷Ϯ⫮ ϑ ‫ރ‬ ᾓЊẂ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶኗ`ᏽ⹊ẗ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞ‫؞‬ᓦ↮♖ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞ὆ӣϲ`‫׊‬ኖ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞἲỲⵊ᫊ϲ‫⾞ ⃮؞‬ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ⹆ҫᇒЊᒮᨆ೒὆‫؞‬ᓦЀ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶᢚẗᐗᒃ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓኖ⸃ἲὢẗⵊ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶०▊ॻலҲᢞ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ⹆ҫᇒ↶$PNQBSUNFOUT ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶḒᷪጪ↶὆⹆ҫே⣊‫؞‬὿ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶኖ⸃ࢢҲᢞᨆ᫋ӪᇒЊᒮᨆ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃՚⁞FYDFM ᤒታ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊSFMFBTFFQJTPEF ேᴶ὆՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலҲᢞ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶㅧᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ΅⦎ᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ↮ⵆᨆᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ,PDЀ὆▂ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆FYDFMTIFFUᤒታ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ῶኖ⸃὆ᢚẗᐗᒃ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ᾓ␦ӎጦⶺ ⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞⾞ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  1장. 개요 ῶኗ`ᏽ⹊ẗ ᓦᇒ੢ᶪἮ“⹂ⵇጪ↶὆೟။ᏽ⮷Ϯ೟ᶾӮⵊᒃᅎ”(ὢⵆ“⹂⮷ᒃ” ὢཪⵊ૒) 14⁞ 1ⵛ 7⸦ᶾ‫ⵇ⹂“ⵊ ׊‬ጪ↶ῲӪ ᶾᤊ὆◖‫׷‬ᐗᒃӪ ०▊⦣ ·Ӯᆚᐗᒃἲ‫؞‬ᨎⵊ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒᅪ⯚ⵖⵊỲⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ(ὢⵆ “Ỳⵢ᤟὾Ⴚ”ཪⵊ૒)” ὿᤟ἲỲⵊ०▊⮷Ϯ⃿⹆ҫ०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵊ⹆ҫ ᇒ↶὆ḒᷪலҲᢞἲỲⵊኖ⸃՚⁞ᏽᨆ᫋೒ᶾ૮ⵢᤒታⵊ૒⹆ҫ०▊ ⮷Ϯં ╊⁳`Ἢ၊ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ⹆ҫᇒ↶὆ Ḓᷪலᅪ ⦣ⵢ ὢზᶢ↲૒ ‫צ‬ᆚӎ ╊⁳`ὦ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ॻலંῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆ ॻலᅪ ᐞҫॻல၊ⵆӎ ὶ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾὢᅪỲⵢᤊંῲ՛‫׊‬ኖḮ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ాϮ↮ӣϲ‫׊‬ኖᅪ ኖాҲᢞⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ഞཪᤊ૒Ἲ὆ࢢẗ೒ἲᤒታⵖἪ၊᭖ᢚẗ὾὆ὢⵢᏽ⹊ẗἲঀὢӎ὾ ⵊ૒ y ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞἲỲⵊ‫؞‬ᓦ↮♖ᾓ y ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃ᢚẗᾓ y ኖ⸃ἲὢẗⵊ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶०▊ॻலҲᢞᾓ y ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃ࢢⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃ᾓ y ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃ࢢᐞ▊ேᴶ὆՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலҲᢞᾓ TG XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 2장. 환경농도 계산 기본 지침 ⹆ҫॻல὆ҲᢞἮ०▊⮷Ϯ⃿⹆ҫ०▊ἲỲⵊᢚῲ૖Ҳ၊ᤊ૒Ἲ὆ ᤦӪ ᶾഞཪᨊ␖`Ἢ၊ᨆ⵷ⵊ૒ 1૖Ҳ: ◖‫⁞׷‬ѢӪỲⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳(᷶ᅪ೒ቢ, ጪ↶὆ᵿ, ӣ Ḗல, ᢚ ẗᏽ⹊ே὆‫؞‬ϲᏽᘶல, ⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ೟)὆Ҟ 2૖Ҳ: Ỳ1૖Ҳᶾഞᅦ૮᢯ጪ↶὆ᐞ▊ྷҲᢞ 3૖Ҳ: ᐞ▊ྷᶾഞᅦ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞ ὢ࿚ⵊӪ ἲўⒾҲᢞఊ⹆ҫॻலᅪὢẗⵆᷚ⹆ҫ०▊⮷ϮϮὢზ ᶢ↶ ᨆ ὶ૒ ὢഺ ०▊⮷Ϯં ‫ צ‬ҞӪᶾ ഞཪ ⴲẂⵊ ҫẞ ᾚ⮷Ϯᅪ ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ⅷ ᆺᵫ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ὦ ҞӪ ◖‫⁞׷‬ѢӪ ᴶῲ᤟ ⹃ᓢ⁞♆Ϯ ⁞ ᏽᢚẗᶾὶᶢỲⷆἲӮᆚⵆં୞Ꮶ⽏ⵆўࢆ`ῶⵆ↮ᴸ૒ӎ⫾૖ఆቢ ὢ೒⁞ѢӪᨆ૖὆ᾚᤒ ἲ⦣ⵆᷚ०▊ᶾ૮ⵊᾚ⮷ϮᅪⵎᨆὶἪ቞ ὢ࿚ⵊᾚᤒ Ἦ૒Ἲᶾࢆᷢఊᢚⵛἲ⯚ⵖⵆᷚኖ೎ῶ␖૖ҲᶾᤊϮઓⵆ૒ ૖ὢഺᾚᤒ ఊӮᆚ⁞Ѣὢࢆᨆ૖Ἦⷲ᫒ἲ⁮ୂ ⹃⽶ᐆᷯⵆંѱ ὢᶢᵪᆺⵊ૒ �G ⪧ Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳◖‫⁞׷‬Ѣ὆▂Ϯ෾ંᾚᤒ �G Ỳⵢ᤟Ӯᆚ૮␳◖‫⁞׷‬ѢӪᷞҞఆᶢᵪⵆં૮ⱊ`ὦⷲᾓ୞ὢ⤞᷶ ᐞ▊᫒☏Ѐ ᶾ‫ⵊ⓶؞‬ᐞ▊▂ ᐗᒃ`ẗᒮᨆ⁞ �G ᢚẗྷ὆ ↮ல⹂NBQQJOH PG VTFT ᏽ ϯϯ὆ Њᒲ ᢚẗྷ᷶ ᫊ᾓ ୞ὢ⤞೟ ᶾⵎ૧ఊ⦒ᨆUPOOBHF ὆ ⹃ⵆӎ Ծⵊ⁞ �G ⹆ҫ ☏ ୞ὢ⤞ ᢚẗ ૮ⱊ` ⹆ҫ ॻல ⸧Ἦ ☏ ఊ ⵆ⒊ Ἆྷ ೟὆ᨆẗ⹆ҫ὆⪧᤟ TG YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  �G ঀἮ૖ҲIJHIFSUJFS ὆०▊▂ ኖ⸃ᢚẗ �G ⁮ ୂ ⹃ⵊ ጪ↶὆ ጪ᤟Ѐ ᷶ ጪẗⵢல ↋‫؞‬ᵃ ḓ⢲Ḛጪ ᕲᐞҲ ᨆᕲⵢ᥻ல ᕲᐞҲᨆ೟ᢚẗ TG ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞ὆ӣϲ`‫׊‬ኖ ⹆ҫॻல⸧Ἦ०▊⮷Ϯ ંẾ♇`Ἢ၊ాϮ↮ӣϲ‫׊‬ኖᶾ૮ⵢ⮷Ϯ ఊ૒ኖ೎῾ḒᷪẾᏽᕲᢞ`ᘲ῾ḒᷪẾXJEFEJTQFSTJWFTPVSDFT ἲ⯚ⵖ ⵆંῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆SFHJPOBMBTTFTTNFOUḮ⹆ҫἪ၊ᐞ▊ఆંⵆࢆ὆῾Ḓᷪ ẾB TJOHMF QPJOU TPVSDF ⸧Ἦ ᕲᢞ` ᘲ῾ḒᷪẾXJEF EJTQFSTJWF TPVSDFT ἲӎဒⵊ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫḒᷪலᅪ⮷ϮⵆંMPDBMBTTFTTNFOUϮ‫צ‬ѱ ὢ૒ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫॻலં՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫॻலᅪҲᢞⵎഺᐞҫॻ ல၊ᢚẗఊ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ⹆ҫॻலંὪ␖`Ἢ၊⃪Ẃ⹆ҫᇒ↶ὦ૮‫؞‬ጪ Ꮺጪ ♖ῲጪ ⦎ᵿᶾ ૮ⵢ Ҳᢞఆ቞ ὢᅪ 1SFEJDUFE &OWJSPONFOUBM $PODFOUSBUJPO1&$ ཪᕮᅦ૒1&$ᅪ‫⓶؞‬၊՛↮`ῲ՛⹆ҫḒᷪᶾഞᅦ ᣋ⣊Ҳ὆०▊ᨆ⃮↮࿯ὢᅆḮᶢᅆᶾ૮ⵊὢ␖ள᤟TFDPOEBSZQPJTPOJOH ೟⯚ⵖ Ӫᢚེ὆ⵆზᤛ◖ྷἲ⮷Ϯⵎᨆὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>⮷Ϯӣϲ὆‫׊‬ኖḮӮҲ&VSPQFBODIFNJDBMT CVSFBV TG [G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ⮷Ϯ3FHJPOBMBTTFTTNFOU ँἮ ᷯᷛᶾᤊ ῾ḒᷪẾ ᏽ ᕲᢞ᤟ ᘲ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ᐞ▊ఆં ጪ↶ ὆ॻலંῲ՛ἲ૮ⱊⵆં⹆ҫᶾᤊ⮷Ϯఊ૒ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBMTDBMF ᶾ ᤊጪ↶὆ே⣊ંᐞ▊ὢ⺲ὢேӪᒮ⹆Ӫ ᶾୂ‫آ‬᫊ϲἲϮ↶ᨆὶ ૒ં῾ᶾᤊ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBMTDBMF ᶾᤊ὆ே⣊Ḯ૒ᅢ૒῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ ⤞ሪўᆚᶾὶўࢆᐞ▊Ế೒ὢँѺᕲᢞఆᶢὶἲഺጪ↶὆▂Ϯ`ὦ ὢேӪᕲᐞᕲⵢ೟૒ᵿⵊ⹆ҫӪ ೒ὢӮᷚⵆѺఆᎮ၊ὢ೒὆ᷯⶓὢ ӎဒఊ૒ⅷᇒ↶ϲJOUFSNFEJB ὢேӪᕲⵢ‫؞‬὿ὢ᢯૮`Ἢ၊⃿Ẃⵆ Ѻ ⯚ⵖఆᶢᵪ ⵊ૒ ഞཪᤊ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ⹆ҫॻலᅪ Ҳᢞⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢᤊં ὢ೒ ૒ᵿⵊ ⹆ҫӪ ೒὆ ᷯⶓἲ ே᫊ᶾ ӎဒⵆં ⵊ՛⸃ ૒ᇒ⒢ ே⣊ኖ ⸃ὢᢚẗఊ૒ ὢҫẞϯϯ὆⹆ҫᇒ↶၊὆ኖ೎ᐞ▊ἮὪ ⵊ᥻ல၊↮᥻`Ἢ၊ ὪᶢࢆંѱἪ၊Ϯ ⵆ቞▗ᕲⵊ᫊ϲὢ↮ࢊ⺲⹆ҫॻலϮ᫊ϲᶾഞཪ ᒮⵆ↮ ᴸѺ ఎ ഺᅪ Ϯ ⵆં ᢯᢯⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ὆ ॻலϮ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ෾ⵊὢ࿵ѺҲᢞఊῲ՛ॻலSFHJPOBMDPODFOUSBUJPOT ં՛↮`ॻலMPDBM DPODFOUSBUJPOT ᅪҲᢞⵎഺᐞҫॻலЀἪ၊ᢚẗఊ૒ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆⮷ϮMPDBMBTTFTTNFOU ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆⮷Ϯં ⵊ`ӣϲࢢ὆᥺ᨆ὆⪧ ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ᐞ▊ὢ Ὢᶢࢆં ҫẞḮ ‫ צ‬ӣϲ ࢢᶾᤊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᕲᢞ` ᢚẗ ೟Ἢ၊ ὦⵢᐞ▊ὢὪᶢࢆંҫẞ὆ాϮ↮ᅪ૒ლ૒ⵆࢆ὆῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ ᐞ▊ఆં ૮᢯ጪ↶὆ ॻலં ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ Ὢᐆ`ὦHFOFSJD ⱊ⃮↮ᷛ⹆ ҫᶾ૮ⵢ⮷Ϯఊ૒ⱊ⃮↮ᷛ⹆ҫἮ⪧ ᾓ᥺Ϯᴲ઺Ꮶᆚ ὆ఊ⪧᤟ἲ ЄંϮ᢯὆↮ᷛἪ၊᭖Ꮶᆚ⃪ᶢ↲〽ⱊ⃮⹆ҫ〾Ἢ၊ ὆ఆ቞०▊૮ ᢯Ἦ‫↮צ‬ᷛࢢᕮ⸧ἮҫҲᶾᤊ०▊ఆંѱἪ၊Ϯ ⵊ૒ὢҫẞᐞ▊ ᶾ⴪᥺ೊSFMFBTF FQJTPEF ‫؞‬ϲ ⃿ᶾ Ὢᶢࢊ ᐞ▊ὢ ϲⶾ`ὦ↮ ↮᥻`ὦ ↮ᶾંӮҲᶴὢ ᐞ▊┋ྷἲ‫؞צ‬ϲ὆┋Ὢᨆ၊ࢆ৶⮷‫ⵆ׎‬ზᐞ▊ྷ ἲᢚẗⵆᷚॻலᅪҲᢞⵊ૒ὢ࿚ⵊॻலંᐞ▊ὢὪᶢࢎഺⵆზேᴶ POBEBZ ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ᶢ੾ லὢҗఊўᆚⱊ⃮N ᶾᤊ᷶᢯ఆ ંॻலᅪࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ TG \G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊ὆ ॻலં ᢯૮`Ἢ၊ ᐞ▊Ӫ ०▊↮῾Ӫ὆ ўᆚϮ ⇕ ‫ ؞‬ഺጦᶾ ⓶‫؞‬὆ ⸪ⵗNJYJOH Ӫ ᕮἎጪ↶૮‫ ⃿ ؞‬έ὾ ጪ᥻὆ ᕮἎӎ⸃ ጪ↶ ၊὆ ⽏␗ᶾ ὆ⵊ ᷯⶓᆺἲ ӎဒⵆᷚ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ഞཪᤊ ᕲⵢ EFHSBEBUJPO ࢆ⢮ᇒ⒢၊὆ῲὢ೟૒ᅦⳲ၊ᤦ᪒ં՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆᷶☏ॻ லҲᢞᶾᤊંӎဒఆ↮ᴸં૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ᶾ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊ҫ၊Ḯϯᇒ↶ᢚὢᶾᤊ὆⃪Ẃᕲ ᐞⳲ၊ᤦ᪒ᅪࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>՛↮`‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊ὆ᕲᐞᢞᶳ᫊ᤒᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ &$)" Ϯᢞᶳ᫊ᤒᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊ ᢞᶳ᫊ᤒ὆ᐞ▊᫊ࢆᆚḒં῾ḒᷪẾὦ⪧ ᫊ᤒ၊ᕮ⤞૮‫؞‬Ḯጪ ⦎ᵿἪ၊ὢზᶢ↮ંҫẞᅪӎဒⵊ૒ ૮‫ॻ؞‬லં῾ḒᷪẾ὆⪧ ঀὢᶾᤊ૮‫؞‬၊↯῿ᐞ▊ὢఊ⺲⹃ᢞ ὢὪᶢࢆંҫẞᅪ⃪၊ӎဒⵆᷚҲᢞఆ቞ⴲẂⵊҫẞ⮾ᨆࢆⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ ᤒᘲᶾᤊὪᶢࢆં૮‫؞‬ᐞ▊ல૖ளἪ၊⸧Ἦ▂Ϯ`Ἢ၊ӎဒⵎᨆὶ૒ ᨆҲ὆ॻலંᢞᶳ⮾ᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒPOTJUFJOEVTUSJBMXBTUFXBUFSUSFBUNFOU QMBOU 8851 ⸧Ἦ ல᫊ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒNVOJDJQBM TFXBHF USFBUNFOU QMBOU 451 ᶾᤊᐞ▊ⵆંҫẞᅪӎဒⵆᷚҲᢞఊ૒ὢഺᢞᶳ᫊ᤒ⸧Ἦல᫊὆ TG ]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᣋጪⵇ` ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒᶾ ૮ⵢᤊં ⱊ⃮ ኖ୦ἲ ᢚẗⵢ ⒆ᆚ ⺲὆ ᐞ▊ྷἲ ᢞ ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ⦎ᵿॻலં Ἆ࿫ᶾᤊં 451὆ ᪚࿚↮ᅪ ॻ↮BHSJDVMUVSBM TPJM ᶾ ⹊ẗⵎ ഺᅪ ⃪၊ ӎဒⵆ↮ᆺ ẞᆚࢆཪᶾᤊં ὢᅪ ӎဒⵆ↮ ᴸӎ ૮‫؞‬၊ ᐞ▊ఊ ጪ↶὆ ♖`EFQPTJUJPO ἲ ⦣ⵢ Ὢᶢࢆં ҫẞᆺ ӎဒⵆᷚ Ҳᢞⵊ૒ ࢆᕲᢞ`ᢚẗXJEFEJTQFSTJWFVTFT ᶾഞᅦᐞ▊ ጪ↶὆ ᕲᢞ`ᢚẗᶾഞᅦᐞ▊Ἦ᥺ᘲ὾ࢆӣӣᷯᷛ᥺‫׊‬ኖᘲᢞᶳ ⹺ᢚ⯚ⵖ ὆ᆼἮὢẗ὾೒ᶾ὆ⵢጪ↶ὢᢚẗఆંӪ ᶾᤊᐞ▊ఆંҫ ẞᅪ὆Ꮶⵊ૒‫צ‬࿚ࢆጪ↶὆ᕲᢞ`ᢚẗXJEFEJTQFSTJWFVTF ᶾഞᅦᐞ ▊ᶾ὆ⵊ Ḓᷪலᅪ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖᶾ ૮ⵢᤊ⮷ϮⵆંѱἮ ‫⓶╊צ‬὆ᐞ▊ Ἦ ᕲᢞ`ὢཪ ⵆୂཪல ‫צ‬೒ὢ ૒᫊ ኖా ኖᴲ…ᤊ կ‫`ק‬Ἢ၊ં ῾Ḓᷪ Ế὆⸃⣊၊ᐞ▊ὢὢზᶢ↮ંҫẞᆺἲ⯚ⵖⵊ૒ഞཪᤊᐞ▊ὢ‫؞‬ᓦ` Ἢ၊ ⱊ⃮↮ᷛ ࢢ὆ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ၊ ኖᴲ… ⒆ᆚఊ ⺲ᶾ ᐞ▊ఆં ҫẞᆺ ἲ ӎဒⵆ቞ ҞӪ`Ἢ၊ ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ ϲ⃪ఆં ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒᶾᤊ ጪ၊὆ ᐞ▊ᆺӎဒఊ૒‫צ‬ᐄ὆ᕲᢞ`ᢚẗXJEFEJTQFSTJWFVTFT ᶾഞᅦ૮‫؞‬Ḯ ⦎ᵿἪ၊὆ ↯῿` ᐞ▊Ἦ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊં ӎဒఆ↮ ᴸἪ቞ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ ᶾᤊᆺӎဒఊ૒ TG ^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞἲỲⵊ᫊ϲ‫⃮؞‬ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBMTDBMF ጪ↶὆ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBM ᐞ▊Ἦ ᷞϲ ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ ᐊᣋⵊ૒ӎ Ϯ ⵊ ૒ഞཪᤊ⮷‫׎‬०▊ᨆ⃮⹆ҫॻல Ἦῲ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBMTDBMF ὆ ᢯᢯ ⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ኖ୦၊ ᷞϲ ᐞ▊ ᥻லᅪ ὢẗⵢᤊ ᢞ ఊ૒ ‫צ‬ᆚӎ ὢ ೒ ⹆ҫॻல1&$ ંὢᶢ↮ંỲⵢ᤟⮷ϮӪ ᶾᤊᾓ‫؞‬ள᤟὾ႺḮᘲԾ ఊ૒ ⪧⽶ ⹆ҫἪ၊὆ ᐞ▊Ἦ ┋ ᢚẗ‫؞‬ϲᶾ ѦⒾ ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ ᐊᣋⵆં ѱ Ἢ၊Ϯ ⵊ૒ⵊ᫊ᾓᷞலNBSLFUJOHZFBS ὆ᐞ▊Ἦῲलல᫊ᾓӪᏦ྆ ᫊ᾓ὆ᐞ▊ྷὢୂⵢ↮Ꭾ၊ጪ↶὆〿NBSLFUIJTUPSZḮ぀NBSLFUGVUVSF Ϯ⃿Ẃⵊ ᷛⵎἲⵊ૒ંѱἲ ӎဒⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ഞཪᤊ೟။὾SFHJTUSBOU ં᪒᪒၊ጪ↶὆ᣋᢞ⃪‫؞‬QSPEVDUDZDMF Ϯ ᢯᢯⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ᶾல ૚ⵆં↮ᶾ૮ⵢὦ᫋ⵢᵪⵊ૒ὢ࿚ⵊ ᢯᢯⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ંᷞϲ⫾ ᇒྷWPMVNF ὢᢚẗ‫ࡋⵊ؞‬ᶾ⮾‫⒆؞‬ᆚఆᶢ૒ᅦ ⱶἪ၊Ծ⒢ఆўࢆ෾ ંҫᾯἪ၊ᕮ⤞᫊ᾓ῾Ἆ἖ἲάўࢆᶩંҫẞᶾ὆ⵢல▊ఖἲ὆Ꮶⵊ ૒ഞཪᤊὢ࿚ⵊҫẞⷲᾚ὆ᷞϲᣋᢞྷᶾᢚẗ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ ⱶ὆ᐞ▊ Ҳᨆᅪӟⵆᷚᷞϲᐞ▊ྷἲ▂ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBMTDBMF ጪ↶὆ ՛↮` ᐞ▊MPDBM SFMFBTFT Ἦ ↮᥻`Ὢᨆல ⸧Ἦ ϲⶾ`Ὢ ᨆ ὶ ૒↮᥻`ᐞ▊὆⪧⇃Ἦў὆Ὢ ⵊᐞ▊᥻ல၊ᾓ‫`؞‬ὦ‫؞‬ϲ᷶ᅪ೒ ᶢὪ ὿ᶳὪᨆ ேᴶ ᐞ▊ఊ૒ ૮‫؞‬Ḯ ጪ၊὆ ᐞ▊᥻லં ⵆზ᫊ ϲ ⮷‫׎‬Ἢ၊Ҳᢞⵊ૒ὢѱἮᐞ▊ὢⵆზ⃿૖↮ት᫊ϲᆺὪᶢࢆୂཪ லὢѱἲ᫊ϲἪ၊⮷‫ⵖ׎‬ἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒ ⵊ⮦ ૮ᕮᕲ὆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ ↯῿`Ἢ၊ ⦎ᵿἪ၊ ᐞ▊ఆ↮ ᴸἪ቞ ⦎ᵿ Ἦ૮‫ⱊ↮ࢆ؞‬ᨆḮᘲԾⵢ୊ே`ὢᎮ၊Ἇ᢯ᣋጪ၊὆०▊Ἦᐞ▊᥻ ல὆Ὢ᫊`ὦᒮேᶾᷯⶓᐉ↮ᴸં૒ӎϮ ⵊ૒෾ⵊ⯚᫋ேጪӪᢚ ེ὆ҫẞὢ࿚ⵊᒮேἮ‫צ‬೒ᨆታӪᆺ᤟⺖ӪϮӎဒఆં᫊ϲ‫׊‬ኖḮ ᘲԾⵢ૒᥺૖‫`؞‬ὦ᤟ⶓἲϮ↲૒ഞཪᤊ⯚᫋ேጪӪᢚེἏ᢯ᣋጪ TG _G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ೒Ἦᾓ‫؞‬ϲ὆⮷‫׎‬ᨆ⃮Ἢ၊०▊ఊ૒ӎϮ ⵆ቞ὢѱἮᷞϲ⮷‫׎‬ᐞ▊ ᥻ல၊ᕮ⤞ᶩᶢ↲૒ ϯ ᇒ↶὆ 1&$ Ҳᢞἲ Ỳⵊ ૮᢯ᒲ⾞ᇒ↶ᒲ ᫊ϲ` ‫ئ‬ὢ὆ ‫⃮؞‬Ἦ ૒ Ἲ<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ <ⱊ>ॻலҲᢞ‫⃮؞‬ ०▊᫊ࢆᆚḒ ⹆ҫ ०▊ᇒ⒢ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ Ꮺጪ Ꮺጪ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ॻல ᐞ▊ὢᐊᣋⵎேᴶ὆ ॻலᷞ⮷‫ ׎‬ ♖ῲጪ ♖ῲጪ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ॻல ỲᏪጪӪ὆⮷⸃ॻல ⦎ᵿ ॻҫ↮⦎ᵿ ॻҫ↮὆ ᢯᢯⣊ॻல ॻҫ↮EBZ⮷‫ॻ׎‬ல ૮‫؞‬ ૮‫؞‬ ૮‫؞‬὆ ᢯᢯⣊ॻல ῾ḒᷪẾPS451၊ᕮ⤞ Nᶾᤊ὆૮‫ॻ؞‬லᷞ⮷‫ ׎‬ ጪ TG `G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶ⹆ҫᇒЊᒮᨆ೒὆‫؞‬ᓦЀ ῲ՛Ӫ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ 1&$Tં ẞᆚࢆཪ ⹆ҫᶾᤊ ጪ↶὆ Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯ ⵊ⓶‫؞‬ᨆ⃮὆⮷ϮҞӪᅪ⹻ೋⵆંѱὢὪᐆ`ὦኗ`ὢ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾẞᆚ ࢆཪ὆⹆ҫἲᾆ૮ⱊⵆંⵆࢆ὆ⱊ⃮⹂ఊὪᐆ`⹆ҫὢ ὆ఎⴲẂϮ ὶ૒ ഞཪᤊ ⷲ᫒὆ ⹆ҫ ⪧᤟Ἦ ᕲታ᫊ϲӪ ӣϲᶾ ഞཪ ૒ᵿⵆҎ↮ᆺ ὢ⮷Ϯ὆ ኗ`᢯ẞᆚࢆཪᅪᾆ ૮ⱊⵆல။╊`⹂ఊ ⹆ҫᇒ↶὆⪧᤟ ᒮᨆ೒὆‫؞‬ᓦЀEFGBVMUWBMVFT ೒ὢ Ҟ ఆᶢὶἪ቞‫צ‬Ѐ೒ὢ⹆ҫ⃿ ᷶☏ॻலҲᢞ᫊ᶾᢚẗఊ૒ⵢ૧ᇒЊᒮᨆ೒὆ЀᏽᏪϾல லᅪⱊ ᶾ ࢆ⢮ࢶἪ቞ ᢯ᤦⵊ ࢢẗἲ Ếⵎ ҫẞ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ〿⹂⮷ᒃ ૮ᘲ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶ ᤟⮷Ϯⵣ᫚‫؞‬ᨎЊᐊた぀ ᓢӎᤊᅪ␦⁞ⵎᨆὶ૒ 1) ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ(2012), ⹂⮷ᒃ૮ᘲ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲ᤟⮷Ϯⵣ᫚‫؞‬ᨎЊᐊ(Ⅱ) ╊⁳ᓢӎᤊ. TG XWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢⹆ҫே⣊᷶☏ኖ⸃⹃ ఊᇒЊᒮᨆ૮ⱝЀ ᏪϾல ՚ᕲ 7BSJBCMFOBNF VOJU ՛ࢢ૮ⱝЀ ጦⶺЀ ᘲӎ 〿ঀἺ぀ ‫؞‬᢯ 5&.13 <,> & & ‫؞‬᢯⒛ 〿ঀἺ぀ ‫؞‬᢯ 8*/%TQFFE3 <NT > & & ‫؞‬᢯⒛ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ .PMXFJHIU <LHNPM > ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ LEFHTPJM <T > ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ ,Q <> ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ ,PX <> ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ 1WBQ <1B> ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ 4PM <NPMN > ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ 5N <,> ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ LEFHTFE <T > ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ LEFHXBUFS <T> ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ LEFHBJS <T > ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ )WBQ <+NPM > & ጪ↶ᒲ 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ 2 <> & &_& ╊`⹂ &_& 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ &304*0/T3 <NT > & &_& ╊`⹂ & 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ )&*()5B3 <N> & &_& & 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ $03(TVTQ3 <> & & ╊`⹂ 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ $0)SBEB3 <DN > & 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ $0--&$5FGG3 <> & TG XXG T & ㅧ & & ㅧ &_ & ╊`⹂ ╊`⹂ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢⹆ҫே⣊᷶☏ኖ⸃⹃ ఊᇒЊᒮᨆ૮ⱝЀҲ᥻ ᏪϾல ՚ᕲ 7BSJBCMFOBNF VOJU ՛ࢢ૮ⱝЀ 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ '"5GJTI3 <> & 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ #"$5X3 <$'6N-> & 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ #*0NBTTX3 <LHN > ጦⶺЀ ᘲӎ &_& ⮷‫&׎‬ ╊`⹂ & & &_& &ㅧ ╊`⹂ ╊`⹂ & 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ $03(T3 <> & & ╊`⹂ & & _ & 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ $03(TE3 <> & 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ HW3 <NT > & &_& 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ 3)0TPMJE <LHN> & & 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ &GBDUB3 <> ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲ ╊`⹂ ╊`⹂ ╊`⹂ㅧ ጪ↶὆ ᐞ▊⪧᤟ ᶾഞཪ ጪ↶὆ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ &B3 <NPMT > ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲ ᐞ▊⪧᤟ ᶾഞཪ 〿ঀἺ぀ ጪ↶ 6TF3 <NPMT ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᒲ ጪ↶ᒲ ᐞ▊⪧᤟ ᶾഞཪ 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ LXTETFETE3 <NT > & ╊`⹂ 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ 40-*%EJGGT3 <NT> & ㅧ ╊`⹂ㅧ 〿ঀἺ぀ ⹆ҫ %&15)TE3 <N> & & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ‫؞‬᢯ 3"*/SBUF3 <NT> & & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ +VOHF$POTU <1BN> & & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ "3&"MBOE3 <N > & & ⦣Ҳ⒛ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$GSFTI3 <> & & ⦣Ҳ⒛ ጪ↶὆ > TG XYG T ‫؞‬᢯⒛ ㅧ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢⹆ҫே⣊᷶☏ኖ⸃⹃ ఊᇒЊᒮᨆ૮ⱝЀҲ᥻ ᏪϾல ՚ᕲ 7BSJBCMFOBNF VOJU ՛ࢢ ૮ⱝЀ ጦⶺЀ ᘲӎ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$OBUTPJM3 <> & & ⦣Ҳ⒛ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$BHTPJM3 <> & & ⦣Ҳ⒛ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$PUIFSTPJM3 <> & & ⦣Ҳ⒛ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ #"$5UFTU <$'6N-> & ㅧ ӣ⦣ᢚẗ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ጪ↶ &B0)SBE <+NPM> & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ጪ↶ )TPM <+NPM> & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ ,BTBJSB3 <NT> & & _& ㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ &_& ⮷‫&׎‬ & _& 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ &304*0/T3 <NT > & ጪ↶ᒲ & ╊`⹂ _& & & _& 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ &304*0/T3 <NT > & & ╊`⹂ _& & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ "&3040-EFQSBUF3 <NT> & & ㅧ & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$BT3 <> & & & & & ㅧ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$XTE3 <> & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ %&15)X3 <N> & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ (3085)SBUFW3 <T > & & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ 4641X3 <LHN> & & & & & ㅧ & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ 463'BFSPTPM3 <N N > & _& ㅧ & _& 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ )"37&45FGGW3 <> TG XZG T & & G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢⹆ҫே⣊᷶☏ኖ⸃⹃ ఊᇒЊᒮᨆ૮ⱝЀҲ᥻ ᏪϾல ՚ᕲ 7BSJBCMFOBNF VOJU ՛ࢢ ૮ⱝЀ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ -"*W3 <> & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ 4&55-WFMPDJUZ 3 <NT > & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ "3&"TFB3 <N> & & ㅧ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ 3)0W3 <LHN> & & ㅧ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$MW3 <> & && & ጦⶺЀ ᘲӎ &_& ⮷‫ &׎‬ &_& 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$XT3 <> & & & & & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ *'8&5BFSPTPMW 3 <> & & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ 40-*%BEWT3 <NT> & & ጪ↶⪧᤟ᶾ ഞཪ ጪ↶⪧᤟ᶾ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ 40-*%BEWT3 <NT > 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ HW3 <NT > & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ 7&(NBTTW3 <LHN> & 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ $03(TVTQ3 <> & ㅧ ᏪጪЀ`ẗ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$SVOT3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$JOGT3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ 40-*%EJGGT3 <NT> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿ᓢ⦣぀ ⹆ҫ 2W3 <NT> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ L0)SBE <DN T > & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$X$X3 <> & ㅧ ՛ࢢ⹆ҫ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$X-X3 <> & ㅧ ՛ࢢ⹆ҫ TG X[G T &_& ഞཪㅧ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢⹆ҫே⣊᷶☏ኖ⸃⹃ ఊᇒЊᒮᨆ૮ⱝЀҲ᥻ ᏪϾல ՚ᕲ 7BSJBCMFOBNF VOJU ՛ࢢ ૮ⱝЀ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$X3X$ <> & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ %&15)X3 <N> & ጦⶺЀ ᘲӎ ՛ࢢ ㅧ & ⹆ҫ ㅧ & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$BT3 <> & & & & & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$BT3 <> & & & & & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ $03(T3 <> & & ╊`⹂ & & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ $03(T3 <> & & ╊`⹂ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$XT3 <> & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$XT3 <> & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ *'8&5HBTW3 <> & & & & & & & & & & & ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '"5GJTI3 <> & _ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ (3085)SBUFW3 <T> & & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ )"37&45FGGW3 <> & & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ LXTEXBUFSX3 <NT> & & 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ -"*W3 <> & _ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ 3)0W3 <LHN > & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ጪ↶ CJPEFH <SSJQ> J ጪ↶ᒲㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ $03(TE3 <> & ㅧ ᏪጪЀ `ẗ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$SVOT3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ TG X\G T ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ ㅧ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢⹆ҫே⣊᷶☏ኖ⸃⹃ ఊᇒЊᒮᨆ૮ⱝЀҲ᥻ ᏪϾல ՚ᕲ 7BSJBCMFOBNF VOJU ՛ࢢ૮ⱝЀ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$SVOT3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ %&15)TE3 <N> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$JOGT3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$JOGT3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ #*0NBTTX3 <LHN> & ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$MW3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$XW3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ '3"$XW3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ *'%3:BFSPTPMW3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ *'%3:BFSPTPMW3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ *'8&5BFSPTPMW3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ *'8&5HBTW3 <> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ LFTDB3 <T > & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ 130%TVTQX3 <LHT> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ 130%TVTQX3 <LHT> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ 40-*%BEWT3 <NT> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ 40-*%EJGGT3 <NT> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ 4641X3 <LHN > & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ 7&(NBTTW3 <LHN > & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ጪ↶ &GBDUT3 <> & ጪ↶ᒲㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ጪ↶ &GBDUT3 <> & ጪ↶ᒲㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ TG X]G T ጦⶺЀ ᘲӎ ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢⹆ҫே⣊᷶☏ኖ⸃⹃ ఊᇒЊᒮᨆ૮ⱝЀҲ᥻ ᏪϾல ՚ᕲ 7BSJBCMFOBNF VOJU ՛ࢢ૮ⱝЀ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ጪ↶ &GBDUT3 <> & ጪ↶ᒲㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ጪ↶ &GBDUX3 <> & ጪ↶ᒲㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ጪ↶ &GBDUX3 <> & ጪ↶ᒲㅧ ጪ↶ᒲ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ 4&"DVSSFOUX$X3 <NT> & ㅧ ㅧ 〿࢜Ἲ぀ ⹆ҫ 2W3 <NT> & 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) ጦⶺЀ & ᘲӎ ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ୦ἲὢẗⵊῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫḒᷪ↮ல὿᤟ᏽḒᷪẾӮᆚ᫊᪒⥊՚▃, 2008 ⵆ⒊, ⸦᥺⧢`ጪኖશ⤞ᆯ᫊ᒂᢚᶳ, ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ, 2008 ⵊ՛⦎ᵿἎ᫒ྷᏽ⦎ᵿἎ᫒Ỳⷆ↮ᷛᕲᤋ, ‫⺶⃪خ‬Ṧ, 2009 ⵊ՛ᢞᆪ⦎ᵿ὆ኖᵂᒲὢ⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟, ↲ⷲṦ, 2003 ⦎ᵿ⹆ҫӣⵇ, ⵊ՛↮ⵆᨆ⦎ᵿ⹆ҫⵇ⹺ 2011ल⹆ҫᕮῲ՛ᨆ↶☏ ᇋ὾Ⴚ ⦣Ҳ⒛(ⵆ⒊ᨆྷ/ⵆ⒊ቢ`) ல᫊ᢞϲ↮ᷛ὆⦣ⵗ⹆ҫӮᆚᅪỲⵊᨆẗ⒢⃿᫚὆Ỳⵢலᕲᤋ᫊᪒⥊Њᐊ`ẗᷞ՚, ᤊẦ૮ⵇԾ⹆ҫ૮ⵇẾ, 2004 ; ⵊЃ☏ ⹆ҫḒᷪጪ↶὆⦣ⵗ↲૖⮷Ϯᷞ՚(3), ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ, 2009 ; 2007 ῲ↮῾☏ ⮷‫׎‬Ѐ(NIER) ὢἒᴲ, 2005, ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ⸃(KoEFT-PBTs)ἲ⦣ⵊ૒ὢḓᫎᅆ⹂ⵗጪ὆՛Ϯ‫׊‬ኖ⹆ҫўே⮷Ϯ, ᤊẦ૮ⵇԾ⹆ҫ૮ ⵇẾ, ᐃᢚⵇỲ४ጦ KOEFT-PBTs(v2.0) ኖ⸃ҞӪЀ Globo-POP ኖ⸃Ѐ(⃿՛+ⵊ՛+Ὢᓦ↮ᷛ) : ҖẦ(5*105), ᷚᅲ(25*105) ⦎ᵿḒᷪỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ↮♖, ⹆ҫᕮ, 2006 J.E. Jung et al, 2010, Proximity of field distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to chemical equilibria among air, water, soil, and sediment and its implications to the coherence criteria of environmental quality objectives, ES&T, 8056-8061. Standardized biodegradability tests: Extrapolation to aerobic environments, 1995 Effects of bacterial counts and temperature on the biodegradation of bisphenol A in river water, 2002 ࢢᕲᘲҲᾓᵎጪ↶὆⹆ҫ⃿ўேᷞ՚(Ⅱ), ՛ᆫ⹆ҫᷞ՚Ế, 2003 Determination of lipid content in fish samples from bioaccumulation studies: contributions to the revision of guideline OECD 305, Christian schlechtriem et al., 2012 The Relevance of Aquatic Organisms' Lipid content to the Toxicity of Lipophilic Chemicals: Toxicity of Lindane to Difference Fish Species, Harald J. 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Whitby, 1978, The physical characteristics of sulfur aerosols, Atmospheric environment, 12, 135-159 Development and evaluation of an environmental multimedia fate region, 2003 ⵊЃⵆ՚ᷛ῾␗᤟⧢`ጪ♖Ѓ᥻லḮ↮ᷫ`/ӣϲ`ᒮ⹂, 2008 TG X^G T model CHEMGL for the Great Lakes ㅧ G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 3장. 환경 중 예측농도 계산 모형 ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல὆ҲᢞἮ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃૒Ả၊ೊҫ၊ XXXOJFSHPLS ἲ ὢẗⵆᷚ Ҳᢞⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ኖ⸃ ࢢᶾᤊ ⹆ҫॻல὆ Ҳ ᢞἮ ኖ⸃ ࢢ ⵊ՛⸃ ૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃ἲ ὢẗⵊ ᢯᢯⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ᶾᤊ ὆ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ⹆ҫॻலḮ ૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃ὢ ᴲ઺ ᒲல὆ Ҳᢞᐗᒃἲ ὢ ẗⵊᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊSFMFBTFFQJTPEF ேᴶ὆՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலᅪϯϯҲ ᢞⵆᷚὢᅪⵗᢞⵊЀἲ╊⁳՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫ᷶☏ॻல၊ᢞ▊ⵊ૒ ૖ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆ ॻலᅪ Ҳᢞⵎ ഺ ૒Ἲ὆ ϯ ҫẞᶾં ӣఊ ኖ⸃ἲ ᢚẗⵆ↮ᴸўࢆ ⵊఊᐗ᫋Ἢ၊ᢚẗⵆંѱἲẾ♇Ἢ၊ⵊ૒ イ ૮᢯ጪ↶ὢ ⃿‫᥻׶‬ὢࢆ ૒ᅦ ጢ‫؞‬ጪὦ ҫẞᨆἮἲ Ṧⵊ Ὢᕮ ⃿ ‫᥻׶‬὆ҫẞ⓶‫؞‬ᨆ⃮὆⮷Ϯᅪኗ`Ἢ၊ⵆંҫẞኖ⸃ᢚẗϮઓ ᓦ ᇒ੢ᶪ὆ ᾓ 〿ኖ⸃ἲ ὢẗⵊ ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶ ०▊ ॻல Ҳᢞ぀ᕮᕲ ␦⁞ ゥ૮᢯ጪ↶ὢ⸪ⵗጪὢ቞⸪ⵗጪῲ⒢὆⹆ҫॻலᅪ᷶☏ⵆӎ὾ⵆં ҫẞ⸪ⵗጪ⃿὆⪧ Њᒲጪ↶὆ॻலᅪ᷶☏ⵆӎ὾ⵆ቞‫צ‬ጪ↶ ὢἎ‫؞‬ጪὢቢኖ⸃ᢚẗϮઓ ウᕲ὾՚⁞Ϯታ⹃ⵆ↮ᴸἮἎ‫؞‬ጪ↶᷶ᣋ⒢ᶾᤊἎ྆ⵊў૮ᕲ὾ TG X_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶᢚẗᐗᒃ ૒Ả၊ೊⵊ ᵃ▃⫺Ὢἲ Ɱቢ &OWJSPONFOUBM $PODFOUSBUJPO &TUJNBUJPO ⯢ ୂ ࢢᶾ 〽⹆ҫ ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ ҲᢞYMT〾Њ὆ ᶿ᤮ ⫺ὪӪ ᢚẗ὾ ᇒ ੢ᶪЊ὆ⵊ‫⫺׮‬Ὢἲ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ 〽⹆ҫ ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ ҲᢞYMT〾ኖ⸃Ἦ ⵊ՛⸃ ૒ᇒ⒢ ே⣊ኖ⸃Ӫ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊேᴶ὆ॻலҲᢞᨆ᫋ὢⵗⒾ↲ѱἪ၊᫒ `Ἢ၊ંᓣᾏⵆӎᆼἮᇒЊᒮᨆ೒Ӫᨆ᫋೒ὢᢚẗఆӎὶἪࢆᢚẗ὾ ὆ ⮦὆ᅪ Ỳⵢ ᢚẗ὾ં ⵆࢆ὆ ᫊⪦〽⹆ҫ ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾᫊ ⪦ ᴶᶾᤊ ‫؞‬ᓦ`ὦ έဓ ᓢᅪ έဓⵆቢ ᐂ၊ ҞӪᅪ ⹃ὦⵎ ᨆ ὶல။ ఆᶢὶ૒ഞཪᤊᢚẗ὾ંᓦ↮♖ᤊ὆ᢚẗᐗᒃᶾഞཪϲ૖⽶〽⹆ҫ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾᫊⪦ ࢢᶾᤊትϮ↮ᇒЊᒮᨆ὆Ѐἲέဓⵆўࢆ ᤎ ⣋ⵆቢҞӪᅪ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒ ᆺὪ ኖ⸃ ՚⁞ ᢚẗ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ‫צ‬ᆚӎ ᨆ᫋ ೟ᶾ ૮ⵢᤊ ⹃ὦⵆӎ὾ ⵎҫẞᶾંᓦᇒ੢ᶪ὆ᾓӪᾓ὆ࢢẗἲ⹃ὦⵆቢఊ૒ ኖ⸃ ᫒⵷ἲ Ỳⵢᤊં ᢚẗ὾὆ ⛢Ⳗ⤞ ⹆ҫ Ảᷯ⒢ ં 8JOEPXT 91 .BDኖాϮઓⵆ቞.4PGGJDF&YDFM⃿ⵆࢆ Ϯᐆೊ᫊ᤒ♆ఆᶢὶᶢᵪⵊ૒ TG X`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ኖ⸃὆᫒⵷ Ϯᶿ᤮Ⳳ၊‫ྖצ‬ᶾᤊᷢ‫צ؞‬ᆪ ᶿ᤮Ⳳ၊‫ྖצ‬ἲ᫒⵷ⵊ૒ ቂ੢ᶾᤊ〽ᷢ‫〾؞‬ᅪ⡢ᆛⵆӎ〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞኖ⸃YMT〾 ⫺Ὢἲᕶ࿚Ḗ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ᶿ᤮Ⳳ၊‫ྖצ‬Ἢ၊ኖ⸃ᷢ‫؞‬ TG YWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆ⯢ୂᶾᤊኖ⸃↯῿ᷢ‫צ؞‬ᆪ &OWJSPONFOUBM$PODFOUSBUJPO&TUJNBUJPO⯢ୂᅪୂᘂ⡢ᆛⵊ૒ ⯢ୂᴶ〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ ҲᢞYMT〾⫺Ὢἲୂᘂ⡢ᆛⵆᷚ⫺Ὢ ἲᷞ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>⯢ୂᶾᤊ↯῿ኖ⸃ᷢ‫؞‬ TG YXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ኖ⸃Ἦ 〽⹆ҫ ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾ὢཪં ὢᅲἲ Ϯ↲ ⵆࢆ὆ ᪒ Ⳳ࿶ೊ᫊⪦၊ ՚᤟ఆᶢ ὶ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ⹂ቢἮ ⡚Ѻ ᕮᕲἪ၊ ՚ᕲఆં୞ ⹂ቢ὆Ṫ⊫ᕮᕲᶾંᢚẗ὾ϮҲᢞἲỲⵢⴲẂⵊ୞ὢ⤞ᅪέဓⵆંέ ဓ♦ὢὶӎ⹂ቢ὆Ḓᅦ⊫ᕮᕲᶾંҞӪЀὦ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ ᅪ ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶં▊ဓ♦ὢὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ኖ⸃⹂ቢ՚᤟ TG YYG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ୞ὢ⤞έဓᏽ▊ဓ ᓢ έဓ*OQVU ᕮᕲᶾ έဓⵢᵪ ⵎ ᓢં ૮᢯ ጪ↶὆ ᐞ▊ ᓢ &NJTTJPOT ጪ᤟ ᓢ4VCTUBODF QSPQFSUJFT ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ ᓢ4FXBHF USFBUNFOU ὆ ᤦ ᕮᕲἪ၊ ࢆ੊૒ ϯϯ὆ ᕮᕲᶾ έဓⵢᵪ ⵎ ᇒЊᒮᨆં ૒Ἲ<ⱊ><ⱊ><ⱊ>ḮЇ૒ <ⱊ>ᐞ▊ ᓢ&NJTTJPOT έဓᇒЊᒮᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ ῲ՛┋◖‫ྷ׷‬ᢚẗྷ6TFWPMVNF UPOOFTZS ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ૮‫؞‬၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ&NJTTJPO'BDUPSBJS ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖᏪጪ၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ&NJTTJPO'BDUPSXBUFS ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖⵢᨆ၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ&NJTTJPO'BDUPSXBUFS ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὾ᷞ↮၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ&NJTTJPO'BDUPSOBUVSBMTPJM ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖॻҫ↮၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ&NJTTJPO'BDUPSBHSJDVMUVSBMTPJM ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ&NJTTJPO'BDUPSPUIFSTPJM ↮ᷛ◖‫ྷ׷‬ᢚẗྷ UPOOFTZS ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ૮‫؞‬၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ'SBDUJPOPGUPOOBHFSFMFBTFEUPBJS ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖᏪጪ၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ'SBDUJPOPGUPOOBHFSFMFBTFEUPXBTUFXBUFS ल⃿ᐞ▊Ὢᨆ⁞ᶳὪᨆ/VNCFSPGFNJTTJPOEBZTQFSZFBS TG YZG T EZS G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>ጪ᤟ ᓢ4VCTUBODFQSPQFSUJFT έဓᇒЊᒮᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ ૮᢯ጪ↶ὢᅲ4VCTUBODFOBNF ᕲ὾ྷ.PMFDVMBSXFJHIU HNPM १ં῾.FMUJOHQPJOU P$ ḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ0DUBOPMXBUFS1BSUJUJPODPFGGJDJFOU,PX ↋‫؞‬ᵃ7BQPS1SFTTVSF 1B ↋‫؞‬ᵃ☏ Ḗல P$ ጪẗⵢல8BUFS4PMVCJMJUZ NH- ጪẗⵢல☏ Ḗல P$ #JPEFHSBEBCJMJUZ⤺᪒⪦ҞӪ ぐ‫؞‬⒢᢯ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆLEFHBJS T ぐẗⵢ᢯ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆLEFHXBUFS T ぐⱊ⃮⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆLEFHTFE T ぐⱊ⃮⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆLEFHTPJM T $IFNJDBMDMBTTGPS,PD24"3 Ἆ‫؞‬⢲᥺ᕲᐞҲᨆ0SHBOJDDBSCPOXBUFSQBSUJUJPODPFGGJDJFOU,PD -LH <ⱊ>ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ ᓢ4FXBHFUSFBUNFOU έဓᇒЊᒮᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ 451ᢚẗᷚᕮZO ↮ᷛ451὆ⵆᨆᐗ▊᥻ல&GGMVFOUEJTDIBSHFSBUFPGMPDBM451 ⒆ᆚఆ↮ᴸἮⵆᨆᶾᤊ὆ॻல$PODFOUSBUJPOJOVOUSFBUFEXBTUFXBUFS -E NH- 451ᶾᤊ૮‫؞‬၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ'SBDUJPOPGFNJTTJPOEJSFDUFEUPBJSCZMPDBM451 451ᶾᤊᨆҲ၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ'SBDUJPOPGFNJTTJPOEJSFDUFEUPXBUFSCZMPDBM451 ▊ဓ␫ᶾᤊ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶંҞӪЀἮ ᢯᢯⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ᅪϮ ⵆӎ Ҳᢞⵊ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ ᐞҫॻலḮ ᐞ▊ ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ ேᴶ὆ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ⹆ҫ ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ ὢ૒ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖॻலં૮‫؞‬Ꮺጪ὾ᷞ↮ॻҫ↮ல᫊ ᢞᶳẗ↮὆ҞӪЀἲᶩἲᨆὶ૒՛↮`‫׊‬ኖॻலં૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢♖ῲጪ ΅⦎ ॻҫ↮ᐞ▊ Ὢ ⺲ ⮷‫ ׎‬὆ ҞӪЀἲ ᶩἲ ᨆ ὶӎ ෾ⵊ ॻҫ↮ ᐞ▊Ὢ⺲⮷‫ ׎‬ኗ⓶↮ᐞ▊Ὢ⺲⮷‫ॻ ׎‬ҫ↮ӣ‫ק‬ᨆኗ⓶↮ ӣ‫ק‬ᨆ↮ⵆᨆᶾᤊ὆᷶☏ॻலҞӪலᶩἲᨆὶ૒ TG Y[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᢚẗ὾έဓЀέဓᐗᒃ ᢚẗ὾ં ‫؞‬ᓦ`Ἢ၊ έဓ*OQVU ᕮᕲ὆ 〽ᢚẗ὾ έဓ〾ᷢᶾ ୞ὢ⤞ᅪ έဓⵆቢఊ૒᪒Ⳳ࿶ೊ᫊⪦ᶾᤊⵆઆᢷᐞҫἪ၊ⱊ᫊ⵊ᤮ὢ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ᐞ▊ ᓢ⃿ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ὆Ѐἲ՚ⵆંѱᶾ૮ⵊᤦᕮ`ὦࢢẗἮ〽⹂ ⵇጪ↶ Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ὾Ⴚ὿᤟ ↮♖ ῶ〾ἲ ␦⁞ⵆᷚ ⹃ὦⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ጪ᤟ ᓢᶾ ૮ⵊ ᤦᕮ`ὦ ࢢẗἮ 〽⹂ⵇጪ↶ Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ὾Ⴚ὿᤟ ↮ ♖ῶӪῶ〾὆ࢢẗἲ⹃ὦⵆቢఊ૒ጪ᤟ ᓢ὆ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆᅪ՚ⵆ ં ѱᶾ ૮ⵊ ᓢં 〽⹂ⵇጪ↶ Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ὾Ⴚ὿᤟ ↮♖ ῶ〾ᾂᅆ ᤟⾞▃`᤟ጪ↶ ᪒⡚ᆚો⮷Ϯ᫊ ᢚẗⵊ⹆ҫᇒ↶ ᐆϾ‫؞‬ᅪ⦣ⵢϲ૖ ⽶Ҳᢞⵎᨆὶ૒ᐆϾ‫؞‬ᅪ⦣ⵢᕲⵢ᥻லᅪҲᢞⵆંᐗᒃἮᨆ᫋ Ӫ Ї૒ àÎ ᳛㓋⃤ጛ‘Ⅿ ÞƑ ß á ÞÏ ß î ᭯୧ඇ Ҳᢞ ෾ં ↯῿`ὦ ᫒ⷆἲ ⦣ⵢ ⹃ὦఊ ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆં ⵢ૧ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ὆ẞ☏ᢚẗ὾έဓᷢⵆઆᢷᐞҫ᤮ᶾ୞ὢ⤞ᅪέဓⵆቢఊ૒૖ᕲⵢ ᥻ல ᢯ᨆЀἲ ↯῿ ⹃ὦⵆ↮ ኩⵊ ҫẞᶾં ૮᢯ ጪ↶὆ #JPEFHSBEBCJMJUZ ⤺᪒⪦ ҞӪᅪ ⦣ⵢ ૮ྣ`ὦ Ѐἲ ⹃ὦⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ૮᢯ ጪ↶὆ #JPEFHSBEBCJMJUZ ⤺᪒⪦ ҞӪ ❒ᓢᐃ᪒ᅪ ⡢ᆛⵆᷚ ᤎ⣋ⵆቢ ኖ⸃ ࢢᶾᤊ Ꮶᆚ↮ ⵊᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆЀὢҲᢞᶾὢẗఊ૒ὢЀἮᢚẗ὾έဓᷢ Ṫ⊫०཮ᢷ᤮ᶾⱊ᫊ఊ૒ᆺὪᢚẗ὾Ϯ〽ᢚẗ὾έဓ〾ᷢᶾᕲⵢ᥻ல ᢯ᨆᅪ ↯῿ έဓⵆӎ ே᫊ᶾ ❒ᓢᐃ᪒ᅪ ⦣ⵢ ᕲⵢ᥻ல ᢯ᨆЀἲ ᤎ⣋ⵆ ᷮ૒ቢᢚẗ὾Ϯ↯῿έဓⵊ୞ὢ⤞ϮҲᢞᶾᢚẗఊ૒ ጪ᤟ ᓢ὆ 〽Ἆ‫؞‬⢲᥺ ᕲᐞҲᨆ〾 ᇒЊᒮᨆ ᫊ᷛ ↯῿ Ѐἲ έဓⵆ‫؞‬ ϮᶢဒẦҫẞ᷂૮᢯ጪ↶὆24"3‫צ‬ყἲᤎ⣋ⵆቢኖ⸃ࢢᶾᤊἎ‫؞‬⢲ ᥺ᕲᐞҲᨆЀἲҞ ⵢᤊҲᢞᶾὢẗⵊ૒ኖ⸃ࢢᶾᤊҞ ఊЀἮᢚ ẗ὾έဓᷢṪ⊫०཮ᢷ᤮ᶾⱊ᫊ఊ૒ὢѱ᫊ᷛᢚẗ὾Ϯ〽ᢚẗ὾έ ဓ〾᤮ᶾ↯῿Ѐἲέဓⵊ૒ቢ↯῿έဓⵊЀὢୂẞᤎ`Ἢ၊Ҳᢞᶾᢚ ẗఊ૒ TG Y\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽ᢚẗ὾έဓ〾ᷢᶾ୞ὢ⤞έဓᐞ▊ ᓢ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽ᢚẗ὾έဓ〾ᷢᶾ୞ὢ⤞έဓጪ᤟ ᓢ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ᢚẗ὾έဓ〾ᷢᶾ୞ὢ⤞έဓⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ ᓢ TG Y]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ ᓢ὆ 〽⒆ᆚఆ↮ ᴸἮ ⵆᨆᶾᤊ὆ ॻல〾 ЀἮ ኖ⸃ ࢢᶾᤊ ⵆᨆᐗ▊᥻லᶾഞཪҲᢞఆᶢ↮‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᢚẗ὾Ϯⵆᨆᐗ▊᥻லᅪέဓⵆ ቢ ०཮ᢷ ᤮ᶾ Ҳᢞఊ Ѐὢ ⱊ‫؞‬ఊ૒ ጪ᤟ ᓢḮ ᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊ ᢚẗ὾Ϯ 〽ᢚẗ὾έဓ〾᤮ⵆઆᢷ᤮ ᶾ↯῿ⵆᨆॻல὆☏ ⵊЀἲέဓⵎᨆல ὶ૒ ὢ ഺ ᢚẗ὾Ϯ ↯῿ έဓⵊ Ѐὢ ẞᤎ`Ἢ၊ Ҳᢞᶾ ᢚẗఊ૒ ⅷ 〽ᢚẗ὾ έဓ〾᤮ἲ ᘲẺాቢ ኖ⸃ ࢢᶾᤊ Ҳᢞఊ Ѐὢ ॻல ҞӪЀ Ҳᢞ ᶾᢚẗఆӎ〽ᢚẗ὾έဓ〾᤮ᶾ୞ὢ⤞ᅪ␲ẞቢ‫צ‬୞ὢ⤞ϮҲᢞᶾὢ ẗఊ૒ Ϯ❒ᓢᐃ᪒ᤎ⣋ᐗᒃ ᵌ૖ཫᶾᤊ〽ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆ〾Ḯ〽Ἆ‫؞‬⢲᥺ᕲᐞҲᨆ〾୞ὢ⤞Ϯᶴἲ ഺḣ᥆ἲᤎ⣋ⵎᨆὶ૒ӎ⵶ં୞ḣ᥆ἲᤎ⣋ⵆંᐗᒃἮ૒ἺӪЇ૒ イ〽ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆ〾Ҟ ἲỲⵊ#JPEFHSBEBCJMJUZ⤺᪒⪦ҞӪᤎ⣋ ❒ᓢᐃ᪒ Ḓᅦ⊫ ࡋ ᷛᢪϯ⸃ὢ ‫צ‬ဒ↲ ᑲ⪪ἲ ⡢ᆛⵆቢ ᴲ྆၊ ᤎ⣋ⵎ ᨆ ὶં ḣ᥆ὢ ࢆ⢮ࢊ૒‫צ‬ᆪ 〽SFBEJMZ CJPEFHSBEBCMF〾〽SFBEJMZ CJPEFHSBEBCMF GBJMJOH E XJOEPX〾〽JOIFSFOUMZ CJPEFHSBEBCMF〾〽OPU CJPEFHSBEBCMF〾⃿૮᢯ጪ↶ᶾⵢ૧ఆંḣ᥆ἲᤎ⣋ⵊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>#JPEFHSBEBCJMJUZ⤺᪒⪦ҞӪᤎ⣋ TG Y^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⵢ૧ఆંḣ᥆ἲᤎ⣋ⵆቢ὾ேἪ၊❒ᓢᐃ᪒ᴲ྆Ỳ♆ⵊ᤮०཮ᢷ᤮ ᶾኖ⸃ࢢᶾᤊҞ ఊᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆϮࢆ⢮ࢊ૒‫צ‬ᆪ <‫צ‬ᆪ>#JPEFHSBEBCJMJUZ⤺᪒⪦ҞӪᤎ⣋Ἢ၊᥻லᕲⵢ᢯ᨆҞ ゥ〽Ἆ‫؞‬⢲᥺ᕲᐞҲᨆ〾Ҟ ἲỲⵊ24"3⹂ⵇጪ↶‫צ‬ყᤎ⣋ ❒ᓢᐃ᪒ Ḓᅦ⊫ ࡋ ᷛᢪϯ⸃ὢ ‫צ‬ဒ↲ ᑲ⪪ἲ ⡢ᆛⵆቢ ᴲ྆၊ ᤎ⣋ⵎ ᨆ ὶંḣ᥆ὢ ࢆ⢮ࢊ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ᤎ⣋ⵎᨆ ὶં 24"3⹂ⵇ ጪ↶ ‫צ‬ყ ḣ᥆Ἦ<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>24"3⹂ⵇጪ↶‫צ‬ყᤎ⣋ ⹂ⵇጪ↶‫צ‬ყἲ⡢ᆛⵆቢ὾ேἪ၊❒ᓢᐃ᪒ᴲ྆Ỳ♆ⵊ᤮०཮ᢷ᤮ ᶾኖ⸃ࢢᶾᤊҞ ఊἎ‫؞‬⢲᥺ᕲᐞҲᨆϮࢆ⢮ࢊ૒‫צ‬ᆪ <‫צ‬ᆪ>24"3⹂ⵇጪ↶‫צ‬ყᤎ⣋Ἢ၊Ἆ‫؞‬⢲᥺ᕲᐞҲᨆҞ TG Y_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>24"3$IFNJDBMDMBTT QSAR Chemical class Predominantly hydrophobics: ጪᶾў὆१↮ᴸંጪ↶ Non hydrophobics: hydrophobicὢᴲ઺ጪ↶ Phenols, anilines, benzonitriles, nitrobenzenes Acetanilides, carbamates, esters, phenylureas, phosphates, triazines, triazoles, uracils Alcohols, organic acids Acetanilides Alcohols Amides Anilines Carbamates Dinitroanilines Esters Nitrobenzenes Organic acids Phenols, benzonitriles Phenylureas Phosphates Triazines Triazoles TG Y`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ▊ဓҞӪ⹃ὦ ᪒Ⳳ࿶ೊ᫊⪦⹂ቢḒᅦ⊫▊ဓ0VUQVU ᕮᕲ‫צ‬ᆪ ᶾᤊⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢ ே⣊ኖ⸃ἲ ⦣ⵢ Ҳᢞఊ ᢯᢯⣊὆ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ૮‫ ؞‬Ꮺጪ ὾ᷞ↮ ॻҫ↮ ல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮ ॻலḮᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊேᴶ὆՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢♖ῲጪ ΅⦎ ॻҫ↮ ὆ॻலᅪ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶἪ቞ᷚ‫؞‬ᤊ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலЀὢ ╊⁳⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ ЀἪ၊ᢚẗఊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ҞӪЀ1&$ ⹃ὦ TG ZWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  4장. 모형을 이용한 금속물질 노출 농도 계산 ⹂ⵇጪ↶ Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ὾Ⴚ ὿᤟ἲ Ỳⵊ ૒ᇒ⒢ ኖ⸃ ᢚẗᒃᶾ Ӯⵊ ↮♖Ӫ ኖ⸃ࢢ὆ ᨆ᫋೒ ૮ᕮᕲἮ Њᒲ` Ἆ‫؞‬ጪ↶၊ᕮ⤞὆ ᓢᅪ ⦎૮၊ ὿᤟ఆᶶ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶ἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊ኖ⸃ἲὢẗⵆંҫẞ⪧ᒲⵊӎဒ ϮⴲẂⵆ૒ ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶ἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலᅪҲᢞⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢኖ ⸃ἲὢẗⵆં ҫẞӎဒᢚⵛἲ૒Ἲ <ⱊ >ᶾ ࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ <ⱊ >὆ ࢢẗἲ ⹊ẗⵆ‫؞‬ᶾ ᵌᤊ ૮᢯ ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶὆ Ӯ☏Ѐ ᷚᕮᅪ ⹃ὦⵆᷚ Ӯ☏Ѐὢ ὶં ҫẞᶾંὢᅪẞᤎ`Ἢ၊ᢚẗⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃ἲὢẗⵊ‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶὆ॻலҲᢞἮ⓶‫؞‬᪒ ⡚ᆚોᨆ⃮ᶾᤊ὆⮷Ϯᶾᤊᆺᢚẗⵢᵪⵆ቞‫צ‬ὢ᢯὆૖Ҳᶾᤊં‫᥻׶‬ጪ ↶ᶾ⪧⹂ఊኖ⸃ἲᢚẗⵎѱἲպᾓⵊ૒ <ⱊ>‫᥻׶‬ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞኖ⸃ᢚẗ᫊ӎဒᢚⵛ ⵛኗ Ѐ �G ⹆ҫॻல὆᷶☏Ἦ`ῶⵊᨆẗ᤟‫᥻׶‬ὢḖ ෾ં CJPBWBJMBCMF ὢўࢆ ᒮ⹆ Ӫ ἲ ўⒾ Ϯẗⵊ૒ᅦ‫᥻׶‬⁳ἲ‫؞‬ᐆἪ၊ⵢᵪⵊ૒ �G ‫᥻׶‬Ἦ ẗⵢఆ↮ ᴸ↮ᆺ ᒮ⸃ఆᶢ ᨆẗ᤟ ᏽ ࢊẗ᤟ ‫ⵗ⹂ ᥻׶‬ጪἲ ᷞ᥻`Ἢ၊ ᐗ▊ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ �G ᶢඒҫẞᶾ‫ⵗ⹂᥻׶‬ጪἮᾆ१↮ᴸӎጪᶾ ᾆ १ં ⸃⣊၊ ᙎᅢѺ ᐂߺ↮ ኩⵎ ல၊ ▗ᕲ⽶ᴶ ⵆ૒ὢ࿞᢯⹗ᶾᤊ‫צ‬ጪ↶὾⒢ ંጪ↶὆ᕲᐞ⪧᤟ἲϮ↮ӎ⮷Ϯఆᶢᵪⵊ ૒ ᨆ⃿ ⹆ҫ὆ҫẞ ጪ↶ὢ ጪᶾ૮ⵊ ẗⵢ ல ⵊҲ‫ ↮غ‬१ં ᵿἲ ⒙ ▂ ྷGJSTU FTUJNBUF Ἢ၊Ϯ ⵎᨆὶӎὢᕲ἖ᆺ⡪ὢ CJPBWBJMBCMFGPSNὢఎѱὢ૒LJOFUJDTPGUIF EJTTPMVUJPOἲ ӎဒⵖἪ၊᭖ ⮷Ϯ ᐗᒃ὆ Њᤎ ὢϮઓⵆ૒ ጪᶾ૮ⵊẗⵢல 8BUFSTPMVCJMJUZ ↋‫؞‬ᵃ 7BQPSQSFTTVSF ᘲӎ ╊ᦍЀἪ၊ᤒ ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ&1B �G ᨆἮ ⹂ⵗጪӪ ትት Ἆ‫ⵗ⹂ ᥻׶؞‬ጪἲ Ṧ ⵊ૮ᕮᕲ὆‫᥻׶‬ἮԷᾓ⽶࢜Ἦ↋‫؞‬ᵃἲϮ ↲૒ഞཪᤊኖ⸃ᶾᴲ⃪὿Ἦ↋‫؞‬ᵃἲ`ẗ ⵊ૒ቢ૮‫؞‬၊὆ᕲ⯚ᅪጢ᫊ⵎᨆὶ૒ TG ZXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ �G ૮‫؞‬ᶾ⁢ᾚⵆં૮ᕮᕲ὆‫᥻׶‬Ἦᶾᶢ၊⁦ᶾ ᖇᶢὶ૒ ഞཪᤊ ᶾᶢ၊⁦Ӫ Ҟⵗఊ ‫ ᥻׶‬ᕲ ἖'BTTBFS ὢ ў὆ ὢ ఆဒቢ Էᾓ⽶ ὿Ἦ Ѐ᷶ & ὢ ↋‫؞‬ᵃἪ၊ ᢚẗఆᶢᵪ ⵊ૒ ᆺᵫ⢮૧ⵊ☏ Ѐὢὶ૒ቢ‫צ‬Ѐὢᢚẗఆ ᶢᵪⵊ૒ ૮‫⃿؞‬έ὾၊὆ ⽏␗ BETPSQUJPOUP BFSPTPM ḓ⢮ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ 0DUBOPMXBUFS QBSUJUJPODPFGGJDJFOU ᣋጪⵇ`⸧Ἦ ᘲᣋጪⵇ` ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆ CJPUJDBOEBCJPUJD EFHSBEBUJPOSBUFT ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᾓ ў἖ &MJNJOBUJPOJO451 ᫊ϲ`‫ئ‬ὢ 5JNFTDBMF ⽏␗⢶␗ "ETPSQUJPO EFTPSQUJPO ኖ⸃ᶾᤊல▊ఊ☏ ఊ �G ḓ⢮Ḛጪ ᕲᐞҲᨆં ‫᥻׶‬ᶾં `ῶⵆ↮ ᴸ ᕲᐞҲᨆ,QXBUFSTPJM ૒ ૮ᫎ ⹆ҫ⁞ѢӪ ⹂ⵇἲ ӎဒⵢᤊ ኖ⸃ᶾ XBUFSTFEJNFOU ᤊ ல▊ఆўࢆ ☏ ఊ ᕲᐞҲᨆ ,QϮ ᢚẗఆ XBUFSTVTQFOEFENBUUFS ᶢᵪⵊ૒ ᢚẗ �G ‫᥻׶‬ᶾ ૮ⵢᤊં CJPUJD BOE BCJPUJD EFHSBEBUJPOSBUFTϮἪ၊ᤒ ఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ ☏ ఊኖ⸃ᶾᤊல▊ఊ �G ‫᥻׶‬ᶾ૮ⵊὢЀ೒Ἦ␬‫؞‬Ϯᶢဣ૒ഺഺ၊ XBUFSTMVEHFᕲᐞҲᨆ TMVEHFXBUFSᕲᐞҲᨆᓢ૒ં⭪ᤪ⪦၊ⱊⷲఆ ᢚẗ ંSFNPWBMFGGJDJFODZSBUFTᅪᶩ‫؞‬Ϯୂᩫ૒ ल �G ‫᥻׶‬὆ҫẞ ᢯᢯⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ંῲ⸃` Ἢ၊ ት ᫛ ल ⸧Ἦ ት ⒊ लὢ ↮ࢆᤊᵪ ல ૚ⵊ૒‫צ‬࿞᫊ϲ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊં ᢯᢯⣊ॻல Ϯᕶ⹃᫒ⵆӎỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾᤊ‫צ‬ḮЇἮ᫊ ϲ ‫׊‬ኖં ୂὢ᢯ `ῶⵆ↮ ᴸ૒ഞཪᤊ ῲ ᇋⵎ ᨆ ὶંTVSWFZBCMF ‫؞‬ϲὦ ल ⺲὆ 1&$ЀӪ ᢯᢯⣊὆1&$ЀኖాᅪҲᢞⵆ ં ѱὢ ⴲẂⵆ૒ 1&$ Ѐὢ 1/&$Ḯ Їᴲ↮ ં ‫؞‬ϲ ᫊ᷛ Ỳⵢ᤟ Ӯᆚ ኗ`ἲ Ỳⵢ Ҳᢞ ఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ Ӯ᫚⹆ҫᷯᷛᶾ૮ⵊ ☏ ఊᕲᐞҲᨆᢚẗ �G BRVFPVT QIBTFᶾᤊ TPJMTFEJNFOUTVTQFOEFE NBUUFS၊὆ ‫᥻׶‬὆ ὢேἮ ☏ ఊ TPJMXBUFS TFEJNFOUXBUFS TVTQFOEFE NBUUFSXBUFS ⮷⸃ ᕲᐞ Ҳᨆ,E ᕲᐞҲᨆ ,Qཪӎல ⵖ ᶾ ‫؞‬ ⓶ⵆᷚᤒታⵆᷚᵪⵊ૒ TG ZYG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  5장. 한국형 다매체 동태모형 ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃Ἦ᪒⡚ᆚોᨆ⃮ᶾᤊ‫⾞⁢؞‬ᫎ‫ⵇ⹂׊‬ጪ↶὆ῲ ՛‫׊‬ኖ⹆ҫॻலᅪҲᢞⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵆᷚ&64JNQMF#PYᅪᐂ⣃Ἢ၊՛ࢢ⹆ҫ ᶾ`ⵗⵆல။⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ἲ╊`⹂ⵊኖ⸃ὢ૒‫؞‬ᓦ`Ἢ၊ϯ⹆ҫ ᇒ↶ἲ‫ⵊ↶׎‬POFCPY၊Ϯ ⵆӎϯᇒ↶ᒲ၊ⵆࢆ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ጪ↶ᨆ↮ ᫋ἲᤦẢಒ‫צ‬᫋೒ἲᷞᆫⵆᷚⵢᅪ՚ⵖἪ၊᭖૒ᇒ⒢ॻல೒ἲே᫊ᶾ Ҳᢞⵆல။ఆᶢὶ૒.BDLBZMFWFMだὦ ᢯᢯⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ⵊ՛⸃ ૒ᇒ⒢ ே⣊ኖ⸃὆ ӣϲ ‫׊‬ኖં ẞᆚࢆཪ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆ SFHJPOBM TDBMF૮ᅇ‫׊‬ኖ὆DPOUJOFOUBMTDBMF‫צ‬ᆚӎDPOUJOFOUBMTDBMFἲ⯚ⵖⵆં↮ ՚‫׊‬ኖ὆HMPCBMTDBMFBSDUJD[POFNPEFSBUF[POFUSPQJD[POF ၊Њ὆ᒂ ⃪၊՚ᕲఊ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ᒂ⃪ϲ὆Ḓᷪጪ↶Ծ⹆ἮጪӪӣ‫؞‬὆ὢᅆᶾ὆ ⵢ ᐊᣋⵆ቞ ↮՚‫׊‬ኖ὆ HMPCBM TDBMFἮ ⮾ᦲҲ၊ᤊ ҫҲ☣ᶾᤊ ጪ↶὆ ὢே ὢ ᐊᣋⵆ↮ ᴸં ѱἪ၊ Ϯ ఊ૒ ‫צ‬࿚ࢆ ⹆ҫ०▊⮷Ϯᅪ Ỳⵢᤊં ᫒ ᢚẗఆંӣϲ`‫׊‬ኖંῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ၊ⵊ ⵊ૒ഞཪᤊ↮՚`‫׊‬ኖ૮ᅇ‫׊‬ ኖ὆ҲᢞἮ▂⺲ᶾ ⴲẂⵊҫẞ ᢚẗⵎᨆὶல။⯚ⵖఆᶢὶἪࢆⷲᾚ ᶾંῲ՛‫׊‬ኖᶾ૮ⵊ⹆ҫॻலҲᢞᆺἲᨆ⵷ⵆல။ᤒ ఆᶢὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>4JNQMF#PY@,PSFB὆Њाல7BOEF.FFOUFUBM TG ZZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶ⹆ҫᇒ↶$PNQBSUNFOUT ⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ૒ზં⃿Ẃⵊ⹆ҫᇒ↶၊ં૮‫؞‬ጪᏪጪ ⵢᨆ ΅⦎Ꮺጪ ⵢᨆ ⦎ᵿ὾ᷞ↮ ॻ↮ ல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮ ᫋ᣋ὾ᷞ↮ ॻ ↮ ὢὶἪ቞ὢ೒ϯᇒ↶ὢ⹂ⵇጪ↶ॻல᷶☏ἲỲⵊ‫؞‬ᓦ૖Ỳ၊ὢზ ᶢ…ὶ૒ ૮‫؞‬ ૮‫ ં؞‬HBT SBJOXBUFS BFSPTPM QBSUJDMFT၊ ՚᤟ఆᶢ ὶ૒ BFSPTPM QBSUJDMFTӪ SBJO὆ ♖`Ἦ ⹂ⵇጪ↶ἲ ૮‫؞‬၊ᕮ⤞ ᨆ⒢ ᏽ ⦎ᵿἪ၊ ጪᆚ` ὢே᫊⢒ંẢᐆ὾὆ᷛⵎἲⵊ૒ᓦ྆ኖ೎ᤊ၊૒ᅦ‫׊‬ኖ὆૮‫ં؞‬ᤊ၊ ЊᐗఆᶢᷞҞఆᶢὶ૒ഞཪᤊ૮‫⃿؞‬὆⹂ⵇጪ↶Ἦӣ‫؞‬὆⼾ᅲἲ⢮ӎ ૒ᅦ‫׊‬ኖ὆૮‫؞‬೒ᢚὢᶾᤊᵿᐗⶓἪ၊Ծ⹆ఊ૒ ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ૮‫؞‬὆⪧᤟Ἦ૒Ἲ὆ᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ἲᢚẗⵆᷚᤒታఊ૒ⱊ <ⱊ>૮‫᤟⪧؞‬ӮဖᇒЊᒮᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ BSFB N NJYJOHIFJHIU N SFTJEFODFUJNFPGBJSJOUIFTZTUFN T BFSPTPMTVSGBDFBSFB N N QSFDJQJUBUJPOSBUF NT BFSPTPMDPMMFDUJPOFGGJDJFODZPGSBJOXBUFS EFQPTJUJPOWFMPDJUZPGBFSPTPM NT UFNQFSBUVSF , TG Z[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ጪᏪጪӪⵢᨆ ኖ⸃ᶾᤊᨆ⒢὆Ἆ⸃Ἦ⡚ѺᏪጪӪⵢᨆ၊ࢆ੆቞ϯἎ⸃ᆶ૒ॻலϮ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ϯ ᨆ⒢Ἆ⸃ᒲ၊ ẗ⁢᢯ ⹂ⵇጪ↶Ӫ έ὾᢯ ⹂ⵇጪ↶၊ ՚ᕲⵆᷚ ॻலᅪҲᢞⵆӎὶ૒ϯ‫׊‬ኖᶾⵢ૧ⵆંᨆ⒢೒Ἦ૮‫؞‬Ḯᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊ᤊ ၊ ᷢဒ ὶᶢᤊ ᷞҞఆᶢ ὶ↮ᆺ ⵊ՛⸃ ૒ᇒ⒢ ே⣊ኖ⸃ᶾᤊં ૮ᅇ ‫׊‬ኖ ὆ ᏪጪӪ὆ Ἆ⾞▊έ ᏽ ૮ᅇ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ⵢᨆ၊ᕮ⤞὆ ἎέἮ ␖૖ఆல။ ᤒ ⵆᷮ૒ ϯᨆ⒢὆⪧᤟Ἦ૒ἺӪЇἮᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ἲᢚẗⵆᷚᤒታఊ૒ⱊ <ⱊ>ᨆ⒢⪧᤟ӮဖᇒЊᒮᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ area m2 water depth m residence time of water in the system s suspended solid concentration kg/m settling velocity m/s TG Z\G T 3 G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ΅⦎ᏪጪӪⵢᨆ ΅⦎ંᏪጪ὆΅⦎Ḯⵢᨆ὆΅⦎၊‫צ‬Ἆ⸃ὢࢆ੆቞ϯἎ⸃ᶾ૮ⵊ ॻலϮ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ϯ ΅⦎ં ӎ⒢έ὾Ḯ ӣ‫ק‬ᨆ၊ ՚᤟ఆᶢὶ૒ ΅⦎὆ ᢯ ☣ት DNᆺ Ἆ⺖ⵊ ☣὆ ా‫ۆ‬၊ᤊኖ⸃ᶾᐆᷯఊ૒ᆺὪ ΅⦎὆♖ῲ᥻ல Ϯ ᾚᕮἎ ᥻லᓢ૒ ⡚ቢ ΅⦎὆ ᢯☣Ἦ ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ ᢶၛѺ ⧢`ఊ ጪ↶၊ ૮⒢ఆᶢ↶ ѱὢӎ Ḓ྆ఊ ΅⦎☣Ἦ ጩ⽶Ѻ ఆᶢ ᢚ᫒᢯ ӎᆫఆѺ ఆ‫ ؞‬ഺ ጦὢ૒ ΅⦎ં૒ἺӪЇἮ⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ἲᢚẗⵆᷚᤒታఊ૒ⱊ <ⱊ>΅⦎⪧᤟ӮဖᇒЊᒮᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ area m2 mixing depth m aerobic fraction - net sediment rate m/s - production of suspended solids kg/s 3 - concentration of suspended particles in and out flowing rate kg/m - concentration of suspended solids in STP effluent kg/m - soil erosion rate 3 m/s TG Z]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⦎ᵿ ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ ⦎ᵿἮ Ϯ↮ Ἆ⸃὾ᷞ↮ ॻ↮ ல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮ Ἢ၊ ՚ᕲఆᶢ ϯϯ὆ Ἆ⸃ᶾ ૮ⵊ ॻலϮ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ὢ೒ ૒ᅦ ⦎ᵿἎ⸃Ἦ ⪧᤟NJYJOH EFQUIQPSPTJUZ೟ ᶾᤊῲ⸃`ὦ␖ὢᅪϮ↮ӎὶ૒෾ⵊ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ἆέ ᶾὶᶢᤊં૒ἺӪЇἮ␖ὢϮὶ૒ ὾ᷞ↮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ἎέἮ૮‫؞‬၊ᕮ⤞὆ ♖`὿ẗᶾ὆ⵢᤊᆺ ὢზ ᶢ↲૒ ॻ↮⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ἎέἮ૮‫؞‬၊ᕮ⤞὆♖`὿ẗӪⵆᨆ⒆ᆚӣ ᶾᤊ ᐊᣋఊ ᪚࿚↮ᶾ ὆ⵢὢზᶢ↲૒ ‫צ‬࿚ࢆẞᆚࢆཪᶾᤊં ᪚ ࿚↮ᶾ὆ⵊἎέἮጢ᫊ⵊ૒ ல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮૮‫؞‬၊ᕮ⤞὆♖`ᶾ὆ⵊἎέើᆺᴲશཪ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ↯῿`ὦᐞ▊ὢᐊᣋⵊ૒ ⦎ᵿἮ૒ἺӪЇἮ⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆ೒၊ᤒታఊ૒ⱊ <ⱊ>⦎ᵿ⪧᤟ӮဖᇒЊᒮᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ 2 area m mixing depth m fraction of rainwater infiltrating into the soil - fraction of rainwater running off to surface water - soil erosion rate m/s TG Z^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶḒᷪጪ↶὆⹆ҫே⣊‫؞‬὿ ⵊ՛⸃ ૒ᇒ⒢ ே⣊ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ ӎဒⵊ ⹆ҫே⣊‫؞‬὿೒Ἦ <ⱊ >ᶾ ࢆ⢮ࢦ ѱ⒆࿪ ⡚Ѻ ᇒ↶ ࢢ ‫؞‬὿ JOUSBNFEJB QSPDFTTFT Ӫ ᇒ↶ ϲ ‫؞‬὿ JOUFSNFEJB QSPDFTTFT Ἢ၊ ՚ᕲⵎ ᨆ ὶં୞ ᇒ↶ ࢢ ‫؞‬὿Ἢ၊ં ὢᅆᶾ ὆ⵊ Ἆ⾞▊έ JNQPSU BOE FYQPSU ᕲⵢ EFHSBEBUJPO ⦎ᵿ♖▊ MFBDIJOH ᷯ՚⧢` TFEJNFOU CVSJBM ೟ἲ ⯚ⵖⵆӎ ὶ૒ ᇒ↶ ϲ ‫؞‬὿ᶾં ⼆ᐊ WPMBUJMJ[BUJPO ૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ ⦎ᵿ ᨆ⒢ ᏽ ᫋ᣋἪ၊὆ Ϯ᪒᢯ ጪ↶὆ ᕲ὾⹃ᢞ EJGGVTJPO Ѣ᫋♖`ESZEFQPTJUJPO ᪣᫋♖`XFUEFQPTJUJPO Ѓẞ↮ⱊἎ ▊TVSGBDFSVOPGG ᫋ᣋឺᆚᶾᤊ὆ᤛ◖VQUBLF ᫋ᣋⱊቢᶾᤊ὆Ѓẞᶾ ὆ⵊᤦ XBTIPGG ࢇᷫ⃿὆Ḓᷪጪ↶὆ὢேMJUUFSGBMM ᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ΅⦎ ၊὆ ᕮἎጪ↶὆ ♖Ѓ EFQPTJUJPO ΅⦎ᶾᤊ ᨆ⒢၊὆ ᕮἎጪ↶὆ ᾚᕮἎ SFTVTQFOTJPO ᨆ⒢Ḯ΅⦎ϲ὆ẗ⁢᢯ጪ↶὆ᕲ὾⹃ᢞEJGGVTJPO ೟ἲӎ ဒⵆӎὶ૒ TG Z_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>Ḓᷪጪ↶὆⹆ҫே⣊‫؞‬὿ ՚ᕲ ࢢẗ · Ḓᷪ὆ᐞ▊Ἦ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ᐊᣋⵆ቞ⅷ᫊⹃ᢞἪ၊ኖ὆ Emission · ӣϲ`‫׊‬ኖḮ⹆ҫᇒ⒢ᶾᤊᶢ੾ӣϲᶾᤊᐞ▊ὢ ᐊᣋⵆં↮ታ᫊ · ⵆᨆ᫊᪒⥊ᶾᤊ὆ϲ῿ᐞ▊லӎဒ Import and Export · ӣ‫؞‬Ḯጪ὆ὢᅆᶾ὆ⵊḒᷪጪ↶὆ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖҫҲᅪ ▊έⵆંᨆᦏ · ૮‫ ؞‬, ᨆ⒢ , ΅⦎Ḯ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆ᕲⵢ᥻லҲᢞ Degradation · έဓЀἪ၊ 1␖ᐆἿ᥻ல᢯ᨆ (first order rate constant) ᢚẗ · ૮‫؞‬έ὾ Dry deposition - gas-aerosol partitioningӪaerosol-deposition velocityᶾ ὆ⵢ⁞ ఊᶾᶢ၊⁦὆ᘲ἖Ἦvapour pressureḮ ᶾᶢ၊⁦὆┋ྷ‫צ‬ᆚӎ Junge’s equationἪ၊▂ Intermedia transport · Ϯ᪒Ḯᶾᶢ၊⁦ Wet deposition - chemical’s scavenging ratio (the rainwater-air concentration ratio) - Henry’s Law constantḮ aerosol-collection efficiency TG Z`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>Ḓᷪጪ↶὆⹆ҫே⣊‫؞‬὿Ҳ᥻ ՚ᕲ ࢢẗ · suspended matter-water partition coefficient Sediment/ Resuspension · ᕮἎጪ↶὆ᵿ · ΅⦎έ὾὆♖ῲ /ᾚᕮἎ᥻ல · ᨆ⒢Ḯ⦎ᵿἪ၊ᕮ⤞ gas absorptionӪ volatilizationἮ ᵿᐗⶓ⹃ᢞ‫؞‬὿ - Henry’s Law constant Absorption - solids-water partition coefficient - partial mass-transfer coefficient · ΅⦎၊ᕮ⤞὆adsorptionӪdesorption - sediment-water partition coefficient - partial mass transfer coefficient · Run-off water Ḯsoil particles ᢚὢં⮷⸃Ἢ၊Ϯ Runoff - soil-water partition coefficient - run-off waterં♖᫋ఊ⦎ᵿέ὾ᅪᨆᦏ · ↮ⵆᨆcompartmentંኖ⸃ᶾᤊӎဒⵆ↮ᴸ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ ⦎ᵿ὆᢯☣ᶾᤊᕮ⤞↮ⵆᨆ၊὆⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ⵆᐗὢேἮ Leaching ў‫؞‬὿Ἢ၊ϲ⃪ · ⦎ᵿӪ᪒቞೎ጪӪં⮷⸃ⵆ૒ӎϮ - soil-water partition coefficient · ΅⦎↮ᷛᶾᤊ , Ὢ ⵊᘲ἖၊΅⦎὆᢯☣ᕮᶾંᾆ⸪ⵗఊ ᢶ၊Ảጪ↶ὢ▂Ϯ , ே᫊ᶾ΅⦎὆᢯☣ᶾᤊ‫ظ‬Ἦ☣Ἢ၊ Burial ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ⵆᐗὢேἲ὆Ꮶ · ୂ‫ظ‬Ἦ΅⦎☣Ἦኖ⸃ᶾᤊӎဒⵆ↮ᴸ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾὢ࿚ⵊ ὢேἮ ў‫؞‬὿Ἢ၊ϲ⃪ TG [WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶኖ⸃ࢢҲᢞᨆ᫋ӪᇒЊᒮᨆ ጪ↶ᨆ↮ᐗ ᫋ ૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃Ἦᇒ↶CVMLDPNQBSUNFOU ϲᶾંᘲ⮷⸃OPOFRVJMJCSJVN ἲϮ ⵆᷚጪ↶ῲ૚᥻லᅪ⦣ⵢᇒ↶ϲḒᷪጪ↶὆ὢேྷἲҲᢞⵆ቞૮ ‫ ⃿ ؞‬Ϯ᪒᢯ᕲ↲᢯ ᨆ⒢ ࢢ ẗ⁢᢯έ὾᢯ ೟ ᢯QIBTF PS TVCDPNQBSUNFOU ϲᶾં ⮷⸃᢯⣊ᅪ Ϯ ⵆᷚ ᕲᐞҲᨆᅪ ⦣ⵢ Ḓᷪጪ↶὆ ᕲᐞྷἲҲᢞⵊ૒ ૒Ἲ᫋ ંⵊ՛⸃૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃὆ጪ↶ᨆ↮ᐗ ᫋ἲࢆ⢮ࢦѱὢ ૒ϯᇒ↶ࢢᶾᤊḒᷪጪ↶὆ᒮ⹂ྷἮᇒ↶ࢢᶾᤊ὆Ḓᷪጪ↶὆↯῿ᐞ▊ &.*4J ὦ῿↮ᷛἪ၊ᕮ⤞ᇒ↶၊὆Ἆέ*.1J ὦ῿↮ᷛἪ၊὆Ἆ▊&91J ᕲⵢᶾ὆ⵊ ў%&(3%J ♖▊ᶾ὆ⵊἎ▊-$)J ⧢`ᶾ὆ⵊἎ▊#3-J ᇒ↶ϲ὆ὢᅆ"%7JK ᇒ↶ϲ὆⹃ᢞ%*''JK ὆ⵗἪ၊ὢზᶢ↲૒ Ƃ¦Ƈ ƂƇ á ¯Ƈ _ ć á ¦¢¬Ƈ â ¢¦©Ƈ à ±© Ƈ à « Ƈ à ¥¡Ƈ à «¥Ƈ ć Ƃƒ Ƃƒ â ¯Ƈƈ â ¢Ƈƈ ᷚ‫؞‬ᤊ.JḮ$Jંϯᇒ↶὆Ḓᷪጪ↶὆ኞॻலNPMN ḮኞᨆNPM ᅪࢆ ⢮ࢢ቞7Jંᇒ⒢὆ẗ`N ἲࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ᴲ྆⒖὾Jં૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢⦎ᵿ΅ ⦎೟ϯϯ὆ᇒ⒢ᅪࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ ૒Ἲ᫋ _ ંϯᇒ⒢ᒲጪ↶ᨆ↮ᐗ ᫋ἲ ᆚⵊѱὢ૒ TG [XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ϯ૮‫"؞‬JS Ƃ Þ ¬ ß ¯ Þ ¬ ß _ ć á ¦¢¬ Þ ¬ ß â ¢¦© Þ ¬ ß à ±© Ƃƒ à à à à ā© ā¯¨¥ ā ¬¬ ā ¬¬ ì ° Ƈ Þ¬ ß읆 Þ¬ ß ā ā Þ¬ ß à ¯ Þ ¬ ß 읆 « Þ¬ ß읆 Þ¬ ß ā ā à © ì ¬ Ƈ Þ ¬ ß 읆 Þ ¬ ß à © ì ¯ Ƈ Þ ¬ ß 읆 Þ ¬ ß 읆 ¯¨¥ ¬ Ƈì Þ ¬ ß 읆 ¬ Þ ¬ ß â ¯¨¥ ¯ Ƈì Þ ¬ ß 읆 ¯ Þ ¬ ß ° Ƈì Þ ¬ ß ° Þ¬ ß â à 읆 ¬¬ ì ¬ Ƈ Þ ¬ ß 읆 Þ ¬ ß ì ° Ƈ Þ¬ ß Þ¬ ß ì ¯ Ƈ Þ¬ ß읆 Þ¬ ß ā 3 VA(S) : volume of the air compartment of scale S [mair ] -3 CA(S) : total concentration in air at scale S(gas phase + aerosol phase + rain water phase) [mol·mair ] EMISA(S) : emission mass flow into the air compartment at scale S [mol·s-1] -1 IMPA(S) : import mass flow into air at scale S[mol·s ] -1 DEGRDA(S) : pseudo first order transformation rate constant in air at scale S[s ] DEPA,Wi : transport coefficient for atmospheric deposition(wet and dry) to water i at scale S[mair3·s-1] -1 DEPA,Si : transport coefficient for atmospheric deposition(wet and dry) to soil i at scale S[mair3·s ] -1 DEPA,Vi : transport coefficient for atmospheric deposition(wet and dry) to vegetaion i at scale S[mair3·s ] VOLW,A(S) : transport coefficient volatilization from water i at scale S[mwater3·s-1] -1 VOLSi,A(S) : transport coefficient volatilization from soil i at scale S[msoil3·s ] 3 -1 VOLVi,A(S) : transport coefficient volatilization from vegetation i at scale S[mveg ·s ] GASABSA,Wi(S) : transport coefficient gas absorption to water i at scale S[mair3·s-1] 3 -1 GASABSA,Si(S) : transport coefficient gas absorption to soil i at scale S[msoil ·s ] 3 -1 GASABSA,Vi(S) : transport coefficient gas absorption to vegetation i at scale S[mveg ·s ] CWi(S) : concentration in water i(dissolved) at scale S[mol·mwater-3] -3 CSi(S) : concentration in soil i at scale S[mol·msoil ] -3 CVi(S) : concentration in vegetation i at scale S[mol·mveg ] TG [YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆᨆ⒢8BUFS Ƃ ° Þ ¬ ß ¯ ° Þ ¬ ß _ ć á ¦¢¬ ° Þ ¬ ß â ¢¦© ° Þ ¬ ß à ±© Ƃƒ â à â ā© ā¯¨¥ ā ¬¬ â ° Ƈì Þ ¬ ß 읆 ° Þ ¬ ß à ì ° Ƈ Þ¬ ß읆 Þ¬ ß ° Þ¬ ß à ¯ ° Þ ¬ ß 읆 « ā«®§¨ ā¬ â ā«¬®¬ ì ° Ƈ Þ¬ ß읆 Þ¬ ß ° Þ¬ ß읆 ° Þ¬ ß ¬ ì ° ƇÞ ¬ ß 읆 ¬ Þ ¬ ß ° Ƈì ¬ ƃƂƇÞ ¬ ß 읆 ° Þ ¬ ß ¬ ƃƂƇì ° ƇÞ ¬ ß 읆 ¬ ƃƂƇÞ ¬ ß 3 VWi(S) : volume of water compartment i at scale S [mwater ] -3 CWi(S) : concentration in water i(dissolved) at scale S [mol·mwater ] CA(S) : total concentration in air at scale S(gas phase + aerosol phase + rain water phase) [mol·mair-3] -1 EMISWi(S) : emission to water compartment i at scale S [mol·s ] -1 IMPWi(S) : import mass flow into water compartment i at scale S[mol·s ] DEGRDWi(S) : pseudo first order transformation rate constant in water i at scale S[s-1] -1 DEPA,Wi : transport coefficient for atmospheric deposition(wet and dry) to water i at scale S[mair3·s ] -1 RUNOFFSi,Wi(S) : transport coefficient for run off from soil i to water i at scale S[msoil3·s ] SEDWi,Sedi(S) : transport coefficient for sedimentation for water i at scale S[msed3·s-1] -1 RESUSSedi,Wi(S) : transport coefficient for resuspension for water i at scale S[msed3·s ] -1 VOLW,A(S) : transport coefficient volatilization from water i at scale S[mwater3·s ] GASABSA,Wi(S) : transport coefficient gas absorption to water i at scale S[mair3·s-1] -3 CSi(S) : concentration in soil i at scale S[mol·msoil ] -3 CSedi(S) : concentration in sediment i at scale S[mol·msed ] TG [ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒΅⦎4FEJNFOU Ƃ ¬ ƃƂ Þ ¬ ß ¯ ¬ ƃƂ Þ ¬ ß _ ć á à ¯ ¬ ƃƂ Þ ¬ ß 읆 « Ƃƒ ¬ ƃƂƇÞ ¬ ß 읆 ¬ ƃƂ Þ ¬ ß à ¬®«¢¥ 읆 ¬ ƃƂÞ ¬ ß â ¬ ° Ƈì ¬ ƃƂƇÞ ¬ ß 읆 ° Þ ¬ ß à «¬®¬ ¬ ƃƂƇì ° ƇÞ ¬ ß 읆 ¬ ƃƂƇÞ ¬ ß â ¬¨« ¬ ƃƂƇì ° Ƈ Þ ¬ ß 읆 ¬ ƃƂƇÞ ¬ ß â ¬¨« ° Ƈì ¬ ƃƂƇÞ ¬ ß 3 VSedi(S) : volume of water compartment i at scale S [mwater ] -3 CSedi(S) : concentration in sediment i at scale S[mol·msed ] CWi(S) : concentration in water i(dissolved) at scale S[mol·mwater-3] 1 DEGRDSedi(S) : pseudo first order transformation rate constant in sediment i at scale S[s ] 3 1 SEDBURIALi(S) : transport coefficient for sediment burial for water i at scale S[msed ·s ] SEDWi,Sedi(S) : transport coefficient for sedimentation for water i at scale S[msed3·s1] 3 1 RESUSSedi,Wi(S) : transport coefficient for resuspension for water i at scale S[msed ·s ] 3 1 DESORBSedi,Wi(S) : transport coefficient for desorb from sediment i at scale S[msed ·s ] ADSORBWi,Sedi(S) : transport coefficient for adsorb by sediment i at scale S[mwater3·s1] TG [[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ཪ⦎ᵿ4PJM Ƃ ¬ Þ ¬ ß ¯ ¬ Þ ¬ ß _ ć á ¦¢¬ ¬ Þ ¬ ß à ¯ ¬ Þ ¬ ß 읆 « Ƃƒ â à ā© ā¯¨¥ ì ¬ Ƈ Þ¬ ß읆 Þ¬ ß à â ¬ Ƈì Þ ¬ ß 읆 ¬ Þ ¬ ß ¬ Þ¬ ß읆 ¬ Þ¬ ß ā«®§¨ ā ¬¬ à ¥¡¢§ ¬ Þ ¬ ß 읆 ¬ ƇÞ ¬ ß ¬ ì ° ƇÞ ¬ ß 읆 ¬ Þ ¬ ß ì ¬ Ƈ Þ¬ ß읆 Þ¬ ß 3 VSi(S) : volume of soil compartment i at scale S [msoil ] -3 CSi(S) : concentration in soil i at scale S[mol·msoil ] CA(S) : total concentration in air at scale S(gas phase + aerosol phase + rain water phase) [mol·mair3] -1 EMISSi(S) : emission to soil compartment i at scale S [mol·s ] -1 DEGRDSi(S) : pseudo first order transformation rate constant in soil i at scale S[s ] LEACHINGSi : transport coefficient for leaching from soil i at scale S[msoil3·s-1] 3 -1 RUNOFFSi,Wi(S) : transport coefficient for run off from soil i to water i at scale S[msoil ·s ] 3 -1 DEPA,Si(S) : transport coefficient for atmospheric deposition(wet and dry) to soil i at scale S[mair ·s ] VOLSi,A(S) : transport coefficient volatilization from soil i at scale S[msoil3·s-1] 3 -1 GASABSA,Si(S) : transport coefficient gas absorption to soil i at scale S[mair ·s ] TG [\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ጪ᤟ἲᤒታⵆંᇒЊᒮᨆ ᕲ὾ྷ↋‫؞‬ᵃጪẗⵢலḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆḮЇἮጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧ ᤟Ἦ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟⹃ὦӪ ᶾᤊ⃿ẂⵊẂὦ೒၊὿ẗⵆ቞⹆ҫἎⵢ ᤟ᏽὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟⫾૖ᶾலᢚẗఎᨆὶ૒ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ⵇ`⪧ ᤟ᶾ૮ⵊϲྣⵊࢢẗἮᴲ྆ᅪ⦣ⵢ⹃ὦϮઓⵆ૒ Ϯᕲ὾ྷ.PMFDVMBSXFJHIU ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ᕲ὾ ⡚‫؞‬ᅪ ࢆ⢮ࢢં ↮ⱊ၊ ኖ⸃ ࢢᶾᤊં QBSUJBM NBTT USBOTGFSDPFGGJDJFOUTᅪҲᢞⵆં୞ᢚẗ ࢆḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ0DUBOPMXBUFSQBSUJUJPOJOHDPFGGJDJFOU Oḓ⢲ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆ,PX ં⹆ҫ⃿ᶾᤊ὆ᕲ⯚ᨆ␗ᣋጪὢẗ᤟ᣋ ጪॻ▃ᣋ⒢▃`᤟೟ἲ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊኖ୦ὢࢆᴺӎᆚↆᶾ૒ᵿⵆѺᢚ ẗఊ૒,PXં⹂ⵇጪ↶Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᾂᅆ᤟�▃`᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵊ⃿Ẃⵊᇒ ЊᒮᨆὢᎮ၊Ϯઓⵊ ⹃ⵆѺ☏ ⵆંѱὢẂ՚ఆ቞ᨊᨆጢ‫؞‬ጪ὆ҫẞ ᶾં,PXᅪ☏ ⵎⴲẂϮᶴ૒ ૒१ં῾.FMUJOHQPJOU १ં῾ᶢં῾ Ἦጪ↶὆ጪᆚ`ὦ᢯⣊ᅪҞ ⵊ૒૮ᕮᕲ὆ጪᆚ`⾞⹂ ⵇ` ⪧᤟ ᕲᅆં ጪ↶὆ ᢯⣊ᶾ ഞཪ ՚ᕲఆᎮ၊ ጪ↶὆ ᢯⣊ᅪ ՚ᒲⵆં ѱἮᇒẞ⃿Ẃⵆ቞१ં῾ᶢં῾Ἦ↋‫؞‬ᵃӪⵖ‫⁞ ⪧ۆ‬Ѣ⹆ҫ ⁞ӣ ⵆᶾᤊ὆ጪᆚ`᢯⣊Ҟ ἲỲⵊ↮ⱊ၊ᤊ⹊ẗఎᨆὶ૒ ཪ↋‫؞‬ᵃ ↋‫؞‬ᵃἮ⹂ⵇጪ↶ὢ὿ᶳ὾᥺ᘲ὾⹆ҫᶾ०▊ఊὢ⺲὆ўேἲ⮷Ϯ ⵆં୞ὶᶢ⃿ẂⵊᇒЊᒮᨆὢ૒↋‫؞‬ᵃἲὢẗⵆᷚ⹆ҫ⃿ᶾ⁢ᾚⵆўࢆ ᢯ᶳ`ὦ ẗல၊ ᢚẗఆં ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ὢேӪ ᕲ⯚ᅪ ᷶☏ⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ⪧⽶ ᨊጪ↶὆⼆ᐊ᤟Ἦ↋‫؞‬ᵃᶾ὆ⵢ⁺ẞఆ቞૮‫⃿؞‬ᶾᤊ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⸃⣊᫊ᷛ ↋‫؞‬ᵃἲ⦣ⵢ᷶☏ⵎᨆὶ૒↋‫؞‬ᵃ὾Ⴚંὦ⒢ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊἎⵢ᤟ⵛኗ⃿ ‫⽏᤟׷‬έள᤟↋‫⴪ ؞‬ᕮᕮ᫋᤟὾‫᤟ק‬᫊ⷆ὆ῲ ⁞ѢἪ၊Ẃ՚ఎᨆὶ૒ TG []G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᶢඒጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊ↋‫؞‬ᵃἮḖலᶾഞཪ⡚Ѻᒮⵎᨆὶ૒᫚↮ᶢḖல ぐᒂỲࢢᶾᤊல↋‫؞‬ᵃὢ⡚Ѻᒮⵎᨆὶ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ૒Ἲ᫋ ᶾഞᅦ Ὢᐆ`ὦḖலᓢ ὢⴲẂⵆ૒ ¯©ƒƃƋƎƃƌƔ á ¯©ƒƃƋƎƒƃƑƒ ¡ Þ Þ ¦© _ƃ « Î Î × ¯© à ć_ ć ƒƃƑƒ ć ¦©ƃƌƔ ßß १ં῾ὢṦ᢫ఊᒂỲࢢ὆ḖலὪഺல⃪὆ⵢᵪⵊ૒ӎ⒢᢯὆↋‫؞‬ᵃ Ἦⵛ᢯Ṧ᢫ఊᵏ⒢᢯὆↋‫؞‬ᵃᓢ૒࢜૒ ᆶጪẗⵢல ጪẗⵢலં⪧⽶⹆ҫἎⵢ᤟⮷Ϯᶾᤊ⃿ẂⵆѺᢚẗఆંẂὦ⃿ⵆࢆ ὢ቞⪧⽶⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⦎ᵿὢே᤟Ӫ⽏␗⢶␗೟Ἦጪẗⵢலᶾ὆ⵢҞ ఊ૒ጪẗⵢலં᫊ⷆ⁞Ѣ὆ᤒ ἲỲⵢⴲᨆ`ὦẂ᥺ὢ૒ ᐂᕲⵢ᥻ல%FHSBEBUJPOSBUF ጪ᤟ ᓢ὆ ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆં 〽⹂ⵇጪ↶ Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾ Ӯⵊ ὾Ⴚ ὿᤟↮♖ ῶ〾ᾂᅆ᤟⾞▃`᤟ጪ↶᪒⡚ᆚો⮷Ϯ᫊ᢚẗⵊ⹆ҫᇒ↶ᐆϾ‫؞‬ᅪ⦣ ⵢϲ૖⽶Ҳᢞⵎᨆὶ૒ TG [^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᕲᐞ‫؞‬὿1BSUJUJPODPFGGJDJFOUT ὢῶᶾᤊં૒Ἲ὆ᕲᐞӪ ೒ὢҲᢞఊ૒ イ૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢ᕲᐞ"JSXBUFSQBSUJUJPOJOH ゥᶾᶢ၊⁦έ὾၊὆⽏␗"ETPSQUJPOUPBFSPTPMQBSUJDMFT ウ ⦎ᵿ ΅⦎ ᕮἎጪ↶ ⮾ᨆ ᪚࿚↮ᶾ ⯚ⵖఊ ӎ⒢၊὆ ⽏␗⢶␗ "ETPSQUJPOEFTPSQUJPO UP TPMJET JO TPJM TFEJNFOU TVTQFOEFE NBUUFS BOETFXBHFTMVEHF Ϯ૮‫؞‬ጪᕲᐞ"JSXBUFSQBSUJUJPOJOH ጪ↶὆ᵏ⒢᢯BRVFPVTQIBTF ᶾᤊ‫؞‬⒢᢯Ἢ၊὆ὢே᷶451⯛‫⁞؞‬ᶾᤊ ὆ ᪒⪦ᆚⴿ ↮ⱊᨆᶾᤊ὆ ⼆ᐊ Ἦ ‫ צ‬ጪ↶὆ ⷖᆚ᢯ᨆ)FOSZT -BX DPOTUBOU ၊ᕮ⤞ ▂ ఊ૒ ᆺᵫ ⷖᆚ᢯ᨆЀἲ ኖᅦ૒ቢ ⷖᆚ᢯ᨆḮ ෾ં ጢ ␖Ếⷖᆚ᢯ᨆં↋‫؞‬ᵃӪጪẗⵢல὆ᘲ၊ᕮ⤞▂ ఎᨆὶ૒ ¡§«² ¯©î¬¨¥ ¤Ɔ á ć á ć « _ ¦© « _ ¦© with : 3 -3 Kh : air-water partition coefficient [m .m ] HENRY : Henry's law constant [Pa.m3.mol-1] VP : vapour pressure [Pa] -3 SOL : water solubility [mol.m ] R : gas constant [Pa.m3.mol-1.K-1] TEMP : environmental temperature [K] TG [_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆ૮‫؞‬ᶾᶢ၊⁦"JSBFSPTPM ᶾᶢ၊⁦έ὾ᶾᖇἮጪ↶὆ᕲ἖Ἦ+VOHF ᫋ᶾഞཪጪ↶὆↋‫؞‬ ᵃἪ၊ᕮ⤞▂ ⵎᨆὶ૒ «ſƃƐƍƑƍƊ á £ƓƌƅƃƍƌƑƒ _ ¬®«ſƃƐƍƑƍƊ ¯© â £ƓƌƅƃƍƌƑƒ _ ¬®«ſƃƐƍƑƍƊ <ⱊ>૮‫؞‬ᶾᶢ၊⁦ᕲᐞᇒЊᒮᨆЀ symbols explanation unit value JungeConst constant of junge equation [Pa.m] 1.72E-01 SURFaerosol surface area of aerosol particles [m2.m-3] 2.64E-03 VP vapour pressure [Pa] ጪ↶ᒲЀ FRaerosol fraction of the substance associated with aerosol particles [-] TG [`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒૮‫؞‬Ѓẞ"JSSBJO 4DBWFOHJOHSBUJPં☏ ఆўࢆ૒Ἲ᫋ᶾ὆ⵢ▂ ⵎᨆὶ૒ Î à «ſƃƐƍƑƍƊ ¬¯ƐſƒƇƍ á ć â «ſƃƐƍƑƍƊ _ ¨¥¥ƃƄƄ ¤Ɔ ⒙ᑶ⇦ⵛἮ૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ὆ЃẞSBJOXBUFS Ḯ‫؞‬⒢᢯ᢚὢ὆ᕲᐞҲᢞЀ ἲࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ాᑶ⇦ⵛἮᙅᐗẦᶾ὆ⵊᶾᶢ၊⁦έ὾὆TDBWFOHJOHἲࢆ ⢮ࢦ૒ $0--&$5FGGં ⾞ Ѐἲ ᢚẗⵊ૒.BDLBZ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ with : SCAVratio : scavenging ratio (quotient of the total concentration in rainwater and the total concentration in air) of the chemical [-] FRaerosol : fraction of the chemical in air that is associated with aerosol particles [-] Kh : air-water equilibrium distribution constant [-] COLLECTeff : aerosol collection efficiency [-] TG \WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ཪӎ⒢ᨆ⒢ᕲᐞ4PMJETXBUFSQBSUJUJPOJOHJOUIFFOWJSPONFOU ΅⦎ᨆ⒢ӣ‫ק‬ᨆ ⦎ᵿᨆ⒢ӣ‫ק‬ᨆ ϲ ᕲᐞҲᨆᅪ ▂ ⵎ ഺ 〿᥺ᨆ᤟ ᨆ␗ IZESPQIPCJD TPSQUJPO ぀ ቂ⛒શↆᶾ ‫ ⵊ⓶؞‬ᐗᒃἲ ⃪၊ ᢚẗⵊ૒ ὢ ቂ⛒શↆἮ΅⦎⸧Ἦ⦎ᵿ὆Ἆ‫؞‬⢲᥺ⵖྷӪጪ↶὆ḓ⢮ḚጪᕲᐞҲᨆᅪ ὢẗⵆᷚᤒታఊ૒Ὢᐆ`ὦ᫋Ἦ૒ἺӪЇ૒ ¤Ǝ á ÞÎíÏÓ _ ¤ƍƕ×íÕÎ ß _ ¨« _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂîÎ××× with : Kp : solids-water partition coefficient [kg.m-3] Kow : octanol-water partition coefficient [-] CORG : standard mass fraction organic carbon in soil/sediment [-] RHOsolid : mineral density sediment and soil [kg.m-3] ΅⦎ᨆ⒢ᕲᐞ4FEJNFOUXBUFSQBSUJUJPOJOH ӎ⒢ᨆ⒢ ᕲᐞҲᨆં Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊ <NPMLHTPMJE NPMMXBUFS > ⸧Ἦ <MXBUFSLHTPMJE>ḮЇὢⱊⷲఊ૒〿ጢ␖Ế぀⸃⣊<NPMNTPSCFOUNPMNXBUFS>⸧ Ἦ<NXBUFS NTPSCFOU > ၊ᆺ೒‫؞‬ỲⵢᤊંҲᢞὢⴲẂⵆ૒⮷⸃ᕲᐞ᢯ᨆЀἮ ૒ἺӪЇὢἎலఎᨆὶ૒ ¤ƑƂƕ á «ƕƑƃƂ â «ƑƑƃƂ _ ¤ƎƑƃƂ _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂîÎ××× XJUI Ksdw : dimensionless sediment-water partition coefficient [-] FRACwsed : fraction of water in sediment [-] FRACssed : fraction of solids in sediment [-] -1 Kpsed : sediment-water partition coefficient [l.kg ] RHOsolid : mineral density sediment and soil [kg.m-3] TG \XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⦎ᵿᨆ⒢ᕲᐞ4PJMXBUFSQBSUJUJPOJOH ¤Ƒƕ á «ƕƑƍƇƊ â «ƑƑƍƇƊ _ ¤ƎƑƍƇƊ _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂîÎ××× with : Ksw : dimensionless soil-water partition coefficient [-] FRACwsoil : fraction of water in soil [-] FRACssoil : fraction of solids in soil [-] -1 Kpsoil : soil-water partition coefficient [l.kg ] -3 RHOsolid : mineral density sediment and soil [kg.m ] TG \YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᆶᨆ⒢⦎ᵿࢢጪ↶὆ẗⵢᕲ἖%JTTPMWFEGSBDUJPOPGUIFDIFNJDBMJO XBUFSTPJM ┋ᨆ⒢ᕮἎጪ↶ᣋጪ᢯ᨆ⒢ ᶾ⁢ᾚⵆં⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ᕲ἖ἮᕲᐞҲᨆ ḮCJPDPODFOUSBUJPOGBDUPS၊ᕮ⤞▂ ఊ૒ ¤ƎƑƓƑƎ _ ¬®¬©ƕſƒƃƐ ƄƇƑƆ _ ¢¨ƋſƑƑƕſƒƃƐ ß «ƕƕſƒƃƐ á ÎîÞÎ â ć â Î××× Î××× ƄƇƑƆ á ƄƇƑƆ _ ¤ƍƕ with : FRwwater : dissolved fraction of water column [-] -1 Kpsusp : suspended solids-water partition coefficient [l.kg ] -3 SUSPwater : concentration suspended matter in water [kg.m ] BCFfish : bioconcentration factor water fish [l.kg-1] -3 BIOmasswater : concentration biota in water [kg.m ] FATfish : fat content water fish [-] Kow : octanol-water partition coefficient [-] «ƕƑƍƇƊ á «ƕƑƍƇƊ Þ«ſƑƍƇƊ _ ¤Ɔ â «ƕƑƍƇƊ â «Ƒ ƑƍƇƊ _ ¤ƎƑƍƇƊ _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂîÎ××× ß with : FRwsoil : fraction of chemical present in the water phase of soil [-] -1 FRACwsoil : fraction of water in soil [l.kg ] FRACasoil : fraction of air in soil [kg.m-3] -1 FRACssoil : fraction of solid in soil [l.kg ] Kh : air-water equilibrium distribution constant [-] Kpsoil : soil-water partition coefficient [l.kg-1] -3 RHOsolid : mineral density sediment and soil [kg.m ] TG \ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⹆ҫ⪧᤟ᇒЊᒮᨆ ϮὪᐆ`ὦ⹆ҫᇒЊᒮᨆ‫؞‬ᓦEFGBVMU Ѐ ẞᆚࢆཪ⹆ҫᶾᇌѺᤒ ఊ⹆ҫᇒЊᒮᨆ‫؞‬ᓦЀἮ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ḮЇ૒ <ⱊ>⹆ҫ⪧᤟ᇒЊᒮᨆЀ Parameter Symbol Unit Value RHOsolid [kgsolid.msolid-3] 2650 Density of water phase RHOwater [kgwater.mwater-3] 1000 Density of air RHOair [kgair.mair-3] 1.3 Environmental temperature (12.5℃) TEMP [K] 285.5 Constant of Junge equation JungeConst [Pa.m] 1.72E-1 Specific surface area of aerosol particles SURFaerosol [m2.m-3] 2.64E-03 Gas constant R [Pa.m3.mol-1.K-1] 8.314 SUSPwater [kg.m-3] 1.77E-2 CORGsusp [-] 0.1 Volume fraction of solids in sediment FRACssed [-] 0.37 Volume fraction of water in sediment FRACwsed [-] 0.63 mass fraction of organic carbon sediment solids CORGsed [-] 0.05 Volume fraction of solids in soil FRACssoil [-] 0.6 Volume fraction of water in soil FRACwsoil [-] 0.16 Volume fraction of air in soil FRACasoil [-] 0.24 mass fraction of organic carbon in soil solids CORGsoil [-] 0.07 Density of solid phase Surface water Concentration of suspended matter in water Suspended matter mass fraction of organic carbon in susp. solids Sediment Soil TG \[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆቢ`"SFBPGUIFTZTUFN P P P P ኖ⸃὆૮᢯ӣϲ`ᒂỲંⵊ՛ / & ὢ૒ ¬²¬¦« á «ƊſƌƂ â «Ƒƃſ <ⱊ>ቢ`ӮဖᇒЊᒮᨆЀ symbols SYSTEMAREA explanation total area of the regional scale (air/(fresh water sea) + air/soil interfaces) unit value [m2] 1.606E+11 AREAland area of land in the system [m2] 1.00E+11 AREAsea area of sea in the system [m2] 6.06E+10 TG \\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒૮‫"؞‬JS ↮ᷛࢢ૮‫؞‬὆ᕮ⴪ં૒Ἲ᫋Ἢ၊ᕮ⤞ᶩં૒ ¯¨¥®¦ſƇƐ á ¬²¬¦« _ ¡¢ ¡ſƇƐ ૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃Ἦኖ⸃૮᢯↮ᷛἲⵆࢆ὆૖Ỳᕮ⴪၊૒ზᶢ૮‫⃿؞‬ Ḓᷪጪ὆ ὢேἲ Ҳᢞⵆં୞ ὢ ഺ ૮᢯ ↮ᷛἲ ேὪⵊ ቢ`ἲ Єં Ế⦣ DZMJOEFS Ἢ၊ ϲ⃪ⵆӎ &VMFSJBO CPY NPEFM⒢Ҳ၊ ᫊᪒⥊὆ ቢ`Ӫ ⱻ᥻ἲ Ϯ↮ӎ૮‫⃿؞‬Ḓᷪጪ὆⒢ᅆ᫊ϲἲҲᢞⵊ૒ ı®ſƇƐ á öć ¬²¬¦« _ ņîÑ °¢§ƑƎƃƃƂ with : 3 VOLUMEair : volume of the air compartment [m ] 2 SYSTEMAREA : total area (air/water + air/soil interfaces) [m ] HEIGHTair : atmospheric mixing height [m] TAUair : residence time of air [d] WINDSPEED : average windspeed at 10 m above the surface [m/s] ૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ὆⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆЀἮ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ᶾࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ <ⱊ>૮‫؞‬BJS ᶾᤊ὆⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆЀ Parameter Symbol Unit Value Atmospheric mixing height HEIGHTair [m] 1000 -1 Wind speed of system WINDspeed [m.s ] 2.13 Residence time of air over region TAUair [d] 1.93 Aerosol-deposition velocity AEROSOLdeprate [m.s ] 3.10 Aerosol-collection efficiency COLLETeffaer [-] 2.10 Average precipitation RAINrate [mm.yr ] TG \]G T -1 -3 5 -1 3 1.36.10 ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ཪᨆ⒢8BUFS ↮ᷛࢢᨆ⒢὆ᕮ⴪ં૒Ἲ᫋Ἢ၊ᕮ⤞ᶩં૒ ¯¨¥®¦ƕſƒƃƐ á ¬²¬¦« _ ««ƕſƒƃƐ _ ©¡ƕſƒƃƐ with : VOLUMEwater : volume of water compartment [m3] 2 SYSTEMAREA : total area [m ] AREAFRACwater : fraction of the system area [-] DEPTHwater : depth of water column [m] ᨆ⒢὆⒢ᅆ᫊ϲἮᨆ⒢὆ᕮ⴪ᅪҲᶾᤊ὆┋ᨆ⒢⼾ᅲἪ၊ࢆ৶ѱἪ ၊⃪ᶢ↲૒ୂ⡞ӣϲ‫׊‬ኖ၊ᕮ⤞὆Ἆέ⮾ᨆ⦎ᵿἎ▊↮ⱊᨆ၊὆↯ ῿Ѓẞ၊ὦⵢҲᶾᤊ὆┋ᨆ⒢⼾ᅲὢᣋ‫آ‬૒ ı®ƕſƒƃƐ á ¯¨¥®¦ƕſƒƃƐ ¥¨°¬ â «®§¨ƄƊƍƕƑƍƇƊ «ƐƓƌƑƍƇƊ «®§¨ƄƊƍƕƑƍƇƊ á Þ«¢§Ɛſƒƃ _ ć â «¨¬¢¨§ƑƍƇƊ ß ¤Ƒƕ _ ¬¦« _ ««ƑƍƇƊ with : TAUwater : hydraulic residence time of water compartment [s] VOLUMEwater : volume of water compartment [m3] FLOWS : sum of the discharges of all streams crossing the scale boundaries to water compartment [m3/s] RUNOFFflowsoil : total run off from soil 1,(soil 2 and soil 3) into water compartment [m3/s] FRACrunsoi : fraction of the wet precipitation that runs off soil to water [-] EROSIONsoil : erosion of soil [m/s] SYSTEMAREA : total area [m2] AREAFRACsoil : soil fraction of the system area [-] RAINrate : rate of wet precipitation [m/s] TG \^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆЀἲ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ᶾࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ <ⱊ>ᨆ⒢XBUFS ᶾᤊ὆⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆЀ Parameter Symbol Unit Value Area fraction of fresh water AREAFRACwater [-] 0.0174 Area fraction of marine water AREAFRACsea [-] 0.377 Water depth fresh water DEPTHwater [m] 4.34 Water depth marine DEPTHsea [m] 10 Suspended-solids concentration in water SUSPwater [kg.m-3] -3 0.0177 Suspended-solids concentration in sea SUSPsea [kg.m ] 0.005 Concentration of biota in water BIOmasswater [kg.m-3] 0.001 TG \_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᆶᨆ⒢⃿ᕮἎጪ↶8BUFSTVTQFOEFENBUUFS ΅⦎Ḯ ᨆ⒢ ϲ έ὾ Ծ⹆ὢ Ὢᶢࢊ૒ ᕮἎጪ↶ ᨆ↮ᅪ ⦣ⵢ OFU TFEJNFOUBUJPOSBUFᅪҲᢞⵎᨆὶ૒ᕮἎጪ↶Ἦࢢᕮᣋ᤟ᐂٓᶾᤊ὆Ἆέ ⮾ᨆ Ἆέ ⦎ᵿ ⱊቢ ♖᫋ἲ ⦣ⵢ Ҳ၊ ೒ᶢḖ૒ ᕮἎጪ↶Ἦ ⼾ᅢં ጪἲ ⦣ⵢҲᅪඎࢊ૒ *' ¬¥ƔƃƊƍƁƇƒƗ _ ¬®¬©ƕſƒƃƐ ð §ƑƃƂƐſƒƃ ὢቢ ÞÎ à «ƕƑƃƂ ß _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂ «¨¬¬ƑƃƂƐſƒƃ á ¬¥ƔƃƊƍƁƇƒƗ _ ¬®¬©ƕſƒƃƐ ÞÎ à «ƕƑƃƂ ß _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂ ‫צ‬࿵↮ᴸἪቢ «¨¬¬ƑƃƂƐſƒƃ á §ƑƃƂƐſƒƃ «¬®¬©Ɛſƒƃ á «¨¬¬ƑƃƂƐſƒƃ à §ƑƃƂƐſƒƃ §ƑƃƂƐſƒƃ á Þ¬®¬© ƕſƒƃƐ ã ä _ °«ƄƊƍƕ ã äã « ä â ¬®¬© ƕſƒƃƐ ã ¥ ä _ °«ƄƊƍƕ ã ¥ äã « ä Ð â āÞ«¨¬¢¨§ Î ƑƍƇƊ Ƈ _ «« ƑƍƇƊ Ƈ _ ¬²¬¦« _ « Ƒ ƑƍƇƊ Ƈ _ «¡¨ ƑƍƊƇƂß â ©«¨ ƑƓƑƎƕſƒƃƐ à ¬®¬© ƕſƒƃƐ _ Þ°«ƄƊƍƕ ƕſƒƃƐ à Ƒƃſ à °«ƄƊƍƕ ã « äã ¥ ä ß _ Î Î _ ÞÎ à « ƕ ƑƃƂ ß _ «¡¨ ƑƍƊƇƂ Þ¬²¬¦« _ «« ƕſƒƃƐ with : GROSSsedrate : gross sedimentation rate for sediment [msed/s] SETTLEvelocity : settling velocity of suspended particles [mwater/s] SUSPwater : concentration of suspended matter in water column [kgsolid/mwater3] FRACwsed : volume fraction water of the sediment [-] FRACssed : volume fraction solid of the sediment [-] RHOsolid : density of the solid phase of sediment [kg/m3] NETsedrate : net sedimentation rate for sediment [msed/s] RESUSPrate : resuspension rate for sediment [msed/s] SUSPwater[C] : concentration of suspended matter in water column at continental scale [kgsolid/mwater3] SUSPwater[L] : concentration of suspended matter in water column at continental scale [kgsolid/mwater3] WATERflow[C][R] : flow of continental water to regional water [m3/s] WATERflow[L][R] : flow of local water to regional water [m3/s] WATERflowwater-sea : flow of water to sea water [m3/s] WATERflow[R][L] : flow of regional water to local water [m3/s] TG \`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ EROSIONsoil : erosion of soil [m/s] AREAFRACsoil : area fraction of soil [-] AREAFRACwater : area fraction of water [-] FRACssoil : volume fraction solid of the soil [-] SYSTEMAREA : area of system [m2] PRODsuspwater : Autochthonous PRODUCTION of suspended matter in fresh water [kg/s] ᐂᨆ⒢⃿CJPUB8BUFSCJPUB 〿#JPUB぀ંᨆ⒢ᶾ⁢ᾚⵆંᐃ⤺ᆚᴲᶾᤊ⯚Ἆேጪᶾὢᅢંኖ೎ᢢᴲ ὶંἎ‫؞‬⒢ᅪᆾⵊ૒ᨆ⒢὆CJPUBᕲ἖ἮὪᐆ`Ἢ၊὿Ἦ୞ᨆ⒢ࢢᕮἎ ጪ↶ᕲ἖ᶾᘲⵢᤊல὿૒#JPUBḮᨆ⒢ϲॻலᘲ἖Ἦ⁳⁳⮷⸃ᶾϮً ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾኖ⸃ࢢᶾᤊંᨆ⒢ḮCJPUBϲⵛ᢯⮷⸃ἲϮ ⵊ૒ #*0NBTTXBUFSDPODFOUSBUJPOPGCJPUBJOUIFXBUFSDPMVNO<LHN > TG ]WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᢚ΅⦎4FEJNFOU ΅⦎὆ᕮ⴪ં૒Ἲ᫋Ἢ၊Ҳᢞఊ૒ ¯¨¥®¦ƑƃƂ á ¬²¬¦« _ ««ƕſƒƃƐ _ ©¡ƑƃƂ with : VOLUMEsed : volume of sediment compartment [m3] SYSTEMAREA : total area [m2] AREAFRACwater : water fraction of the area [-] DEPTHsed : mixing depth of sediment [m] ΅⦎ᶾᤊ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ὢேἮ΅⦎὆ϮᾓỲ☣ᕮ⤞ୂ‫ظ‬Ἦ΅⦎၊ⶓⵊ૒ ®«¢¥ƑƃƂ á §ƑƃƂƐſƒƃ with : BURIALsed : burial rate of old sediment under fresh deposits [msed/s] NETsedrate : net sedimentation rate for sediment [msed/s] ΅⦎ᨆ⒢ ᕲᐞҲᨆ὆ ▂ ᶾં ΅⦎὆ Ἆ‫؞‬⢲᥺ ⵖྷὢ ⴲẂⵆ૒ ം⯢ ⪦ЀἪ၊૒ἺЀὢӎဒఊ૒ $03(TFE $03(TFEPSHBOJDDBSCPODPOUFOUPGTFEJNFOU<LHPSHDBSCPOLHTPMJE> TG ]XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ΅⦎ᶾᤊᢚẗఆં⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆ὆ЀἮ૒Ἲ<ⱊӪЇ૒ <ⱊ>΅⦎TFEJNFOU ᶾᤊ὆⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆЀ Parameter Symbol Unit Value Sediment mixing depth DEPTHsed [m] 0.03 -1 2.89.10-5 -1 Settling velocity of suspended solids SETTLvelocity [m.s ] (Biogenic) production of suspended solids in fresh water PRODsuspwater [kg.s ] 8.88.10 (Biogenic) production of suspended solids in marine water PRODsuspsea [kg.s-1] 1.92.101 TG ]YG T -1 ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᴲ⦎ᵿ4PJM ⦎ᵿ὆ᕮ⴪ં૒Ἲ᫋Ἢ၊Ҳᢞఊ૒ ¯¨¥®¦ƑƍƇƊƇ á ¬²¬¦« _ ««ƑƍƇƊ Ƈ _ ©¡ƑƍƇƊƇ with : VOLUMEsoil i : volume of the soil 1 (soil2 and soil 3) [m3] SYSTEMAREA : total area [m2] AREAFRACsoil i : soil 1 (soil2 and soil 3) fraction of the area [-] DEPTHsoil i : mixing depth of soil i [m] ⦎ᵿᶾᤊંᴲ྆⊫Ἢ၊὆BEWFDUJPOӣ‫ק‬ᨆ὿Ἦέ὾὆ ӪEJGGVTJPOӣ‫؞‬ ጪ ӎ⒢὆ ‫צ‬ᆚӎ ᕲⵢӪ ೒ὢ ே᫊ᶾ Ὢᶢࢆӎ ὶἪ቞ ὢ࿚ⵊ Ӫ ೒ὢ ኖ⸃὆ᨆ᫋ᶾᐆᷯఆᶢὶ૒ҞӪ`Ἢ၊⦎ᵿࢢॻலં‫ظ‬ὢᶾഞᅦ↮ᨆ `Ͼ᥺၊ࢆ⢮ࢊ૒$[ ὢഺጪ↶὆ጪ᤟ᶾഞཪல૚ⵆં‫ظ‬ὢϮ૒ᅢ቞ ‫צ‬ᶾഞᅦ⦎ᵿᕮ⴪ᏽ⦎ᵿॻலϮҲᢞఊ૒ à ƘîƂƎ Ƙ á × _ ƃ ƂƎ á ¯ƃƄƄƑƍƇƊ â ö¯ƃƄƄÏƑƍƇƊ â ÑƃƄƄƑƍƇƊ _ ƉƂƃƅƑƍƇƊ ÏƉƂƃƅƑƍƇƊ «ƕƑƍƇƊ «ƑƑƍƇƊ ¯ƃƄƄƑƍƇƊ á «¢§Ɛſƒƃ«ƇƌƄƑƍƇƊ ć â ¬¨¥¢ſƂƔƑƍƇƊ ć «ƕƑƍƇƊ «ƑƑƍƇƊ ƃƄƄƑƍƇƊ «ſÎíÒ ƑƍƇƊ _ÞÎ à «ƕƑƍƇƊ à «ƑƑƍƇƊ ß â «ſƑƍƇƊ «ƕƑƍƇƊ ¢ƕſƒƃƐ_ «ƕÎíÒ ƑƍƇƊ _ ć â «ƕƑƍƇƊ «ƑƑƍƇƊ ¬¨¥¢ƂƇƄƄƑƍƇƊ _ «ƑƑƍƇƊ _ ć «ƑƑƍƇƊ á ¢ƅſƑ _ TG ]ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ «ƕƑƍƇƊ á «ƕƑƍƇƊ Þ«ſƑƍƇƊ _ ¤Ɔ â «ƕƑƍƇƊ â «ƑƑƍƇƊ _ ¤ƎƑƍƇƊ _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂîÎ××× «ƑƑƍƇƊ á «ƑƑƍƇƊ «ƕƑƍƇƊ ¤Ɔ «ſƑƍƇƊ _ ć â ć â «ƑƑƍƇƊ Þ¤ƎƑƍƇƊ _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂîÎ×××ß Þ¤ƎƑƍƇƊ _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂîÎ×××ß *'NEQUIFO %&15)TPJMNFMTF *'NG EQG NUIFO %&15)TPJMEQFMTF *'EQNUIFO %&15)TPJMN ૖ॻҫ↮὆ҫẞᶾંᴲ྆ḮЇὢҲᢞⵊ૒ *'NEQUIFO %&15)TPJMNFMTF *'NG EQG NUIFO %&15)TPJMEQFMTF *'EQNUIFO %&15)TPJMN with : kdegsoil : rate constant for degradation in bulk soil [d-1] RAINRATE : average daily rate of precipitation [m.d-1] Finfsoil : fraction of precipitation that penetrates into the soil. [-] dp : substance-dependent penetration depth [m] TG ][G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  Veffsoil : effective advection (with penetrating porewater) [m.d-1] Deffsoil : effective diffusion coefficient [m2.d-1] FRa.soil : mass fractions of the substance in the air phases of the soil [-] FRw.soil : mass fractions of the substance in the water phases of the soil [-] FRs.soil : mass fractions of the substance in the solid phases of the soil [-] Fairsoil : volume fractions of air in the soil compartment [mair3.msoil-3] Fwatersoil : volume fractions of water in the soil compartment [mwater3.msoil-3] Fsolidsoil : volume fractions of solids in the soil compartment [msolid3.msoil-3] Kh : dimensionless partition coefficient between air-water [-] Kp' : dimensionless part. coeff. between pore water- and solid phases of soil [-] DIFFgas : molecular diffusivity of the substance in the gas phases [m2.d-1] DIFFwater : molecular diffusivity of the substance in the water phases [m2.d-1] SOLIDadv.soil : rate of advective downward transport of soil particles [m.d-1] SOLIDdiff.soil : solid phase diffusion coefficient in the soil compartment [m2.d-1] kaslsoil : Partial mass-transfer coefficient soil side of air-soil interface [m.d-1] ⦎ᵿᶾᤊᢚẗఆં⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆ὆Ѐἲ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ᶾࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ <ⱊ>⦎ᵿTPJM ᶾᤊ὆⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆЀ Parameter Symbol Unit Value Area fraction of natural soil AREAFRACsoil1 [-] 0.402 Area fraction of agricultural soil AREAFRACsoil2 [-] 0.122 Area fraction of industrial/urban soil AREAFRACsoil3 [-] 0.0816 Fraction of rainwater infiltrating soil FRACinfsoil [-] 0.25 Fraction of rainwater run-off from soil FRACrunsoil [-] 0.25 -1 1.11.10 -11 -1 4.88.10 -11 -1 3.63.10 -11 Natural soil-erosion rate EROSIONsoil1 [m.s ] Agricultural soil-erosion rate EROSIONsoil2 [m.s ] Industrial/urban soil-erosion rate EROSIONsoil3 [m.s ] TG ]\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᇒ↶ϲὢேἲⱊⷲⵆંᇒЊᒮᨆ Ϯ1BSUJBMNBTTUSBOTGFSDPFGGJDJFOU ૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢῿⓷ቢᶾᤊ὆QBSUJBMNBTTUSBOTGFSDPFGGJDJFOU1.5$ ંⱻ᥻Ӫ ጪ↶὆ᕲ὾ྷᶾഞཪ૚ཪ↲૒ ૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢῿⓷ቢᶾᤊ὆BJSTJEFQBSUJBMNBTTUSBOTGFSDPFGGJDJFOUЀἮ૒ Ἲ὆᫋Ἢ၊ᕮ⤞Ἆலఊ૒4DIXBS[FOCBDIFUBM ƉſƕſƇƐ á ×í×Î Þ×íÐ â ×íÏ°¢§ƑƎƃƃƂ ßÞ×í×ÎÕî¦ƍƊƕƃƇƅƆƒ ßÞ×íÓÔ _×íÒß with : kawair : partial mass transfer coefficient at the air side of the air-water interface [mair/s] WINDspeed : wind speed [m/s] Molweight : molecular weight of chemical [kg/mol] 0.018 : molecular weight of water ૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢῿⓷ቢᶾᤊ὆XBUFSTJEFQBSUJBMNBTTUSBOTGFSDPFGGJDJFOUં૒ Ἲ὆᫋Ἢ၊ᕮ⤞Ἆலఊ૒4DIXBS[FOCBDIFUBM ƉſƕƕſƒƃƐ á ×í×Î Þ×í×××Ñ â ×í×××Ñ°¢§ƑƎƃƃƂÏ ßÞ×í×ÐÏî¦ƍƊƕƃƇƅƆƒ ßÞ×íÒ_×íÒß with : kawwater : partial mass transfer coefficient at the water side of the air-water interface [mwater/s] WINDspeed : wind speed [m/s] Molweight : molecular weight of chemical [kg/mol] kasair = 1.05E-03 [m/s] kasair : partial mass transfer coefficient at the air-side of the air-soil interface [m/s] ƃƄƄƑƍƇƊ ƉſƑ ƑƍƇƊ á ¯ƃƄƄƑƍƇƊ â ć ©§ƂƃƎƒƆƑƍƇƊ with : kassoil : partial mass transfer coefficient at the soil air-side of the air-soil interface [m/s] Veffsoil : Effective ADVECTIVE TRANSPORT in soil [m/s] Deffsoil : Effective DIFFUSION coefficient in soil [m/s] PENdepthsoil : PENETRATION DEPTH soil [m] TG ]]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ࢆ♖`%FQPTJUJPO ♖`ጪ↶ῲ૚Ҳᨆ%3:%&1BFSPTPMӪ8BTIPVUЀἮ૒ἺᐗᒃἪ၊ல▊ ఊ૒ «²©ſƃƐƍƑƍƊ á «¨¬¨¥ƂƃƎƐſƒƃ _ ÞÎ à «ƅſƇƐ ß ƃƐƍƑƍƊ°ſƑƆƍƓƒ á «¢§Ɛſƒƃ _ ÞÎ à «ƅſƇƐ ß _ ¨¥¥ƃƄƄ «ƅſƇƐ ſƑ°ſƑƆƍƓƒ á «¢§Ɛſƒƃ _ ć ¤Ɔ with : DRYDEPaerosol : mass transfer coefficient for dry deposition of aerosol-associated chemical [m/s] AEROSOLdeprate : deposition velocity of the aerosol particles [m/s] FRgair : fraction of chemical in air that is associated with gas phase [-] AerosolWashout : aerosol washout [m/s] GasWashout : gas washout [m/s] RAINrate : rate of wet precipitation [mrain/s] COLLECTeff : aerosol collection efficiency [-] Kh : dimensionless air/water partition coefficient [-] TG ]^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒‫؞‬⒢⽏ᨆḮ⼆ᐊ(BTBCTPSQUJPOBOEWPMBUJMJ[BUJPO ‫؞‬⒢ ⽏ᨆḮ ⼆ᐊᶾ ૮ⵊ ῲ⒢ ጪ↶ ῲ૚ ҲᨆPWFSBMM NBTT USBOTGFS DPFGGJDJFOU ЀἮ ӎῲ`ὦ UXPGJMN SFTJTUBODFNPEFM၊ᕮ⤞ ▂ ఎᨆ ὶ૒ ૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢ ῿⓷ቢἲ ⦣Ӫⵎ ഺ ῲ⒢ ጪ↶ ῲ૚ Ҳᨆં ᨆ⒢Ḯ ૮‫ ؞‬ϯϯ὆ ΅ⵛ὆ⵗἪ၊ᕮ⤞ࢆḖ૒૮‫⦎؞‬ᵿ῿⓷ቢἲ⦣Ӫⵎഺ⦎ᵿ⊫὆῿⓷ቢ Ἦ⦎ᵿࢢӣ‫؞‬᢯Ӫᨆ⒢᢯὆΅ⵛἲᒿယ၊૒ლ૒ ૒ἺӪЇἮ᫋ἲᢚẗⵎᨆὶ૒ ƉſƕſƇƐ _ ƉſƕƕſƒƃƐ ¬¬ƄƊƍƕƕſƒƃƐ á «ƅſƇƐ _ ć ƉſƕſƇƐ _ ¤Ɔ â ƉſƕƕſƒƃƐ with : GASABSflowwater : overall mass transfer coefficient for gas absorption across the air-water interface, referenced to air [mair/s] kawair : partial mass transfer coefficient at the air-side of the air-water interface [mair/s] kawwater : partial mass transfer coefficient at the water-side of the air-water interface [mwater/s] Kh : dimensionless partition coefficient between air-water [-] ƉſƑ ſƇƐ _ ƉſƑ ƑƍƇƊ ¬¬ƄƊƍƕƑƍƇƊ á «ƅſƇƐ _ ć ¤Ɔ ƉſƑ ſƇƐ _ Þ ć ß â ƉſƑ ƑƍƇƊ ¤Ƒƕ ¤Ƒƕ á «ſƑƍƇƊ _ ¤Ɔ â «ƕƑƍƇƊ _ ¤ƎƑƍƇƊ _ «¡¨ƑƍƊƇƂîÎ××× with : GASABSflowsoil : overall mass transfer coefficient for gas absorption across the air-soil interface, referenced to air [mair/s] FRg : fraction of chemical in air that is associated with gas phase [-] kasair : partial mass transfer coefficient at the air-side of the air-soil interface [m/s] kassoil : partial mass transfer coefficient at the soil air-side of the air-soil interface [m/s] Kh : dimensionless partition coefficient between air-water [-] Ksw : dimensionless soil/water partition coefficient [-] FRACasoil : volume fraction air of the soil [-] FRACwsoil : volume fraction water of the soil [-] FRACssoil : volume fraction solid of the soil [-] Kpsoil : solids-water partition coefficient [L/kg] RHOsolid : density of the solid phase of sediment [kg/m3] TG ]_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ƉſƕſƇƐ _ ƉſƕƕſƒƃƐ ¯¨¥ƄƊƍƕƕſƒƃƐ á ć _ ¤Ɔ _ «ƕƕſƒƃƐ ƉſƕſƇƐ _ ¤Ɔ â ƉſƕƕſƒƃƐ with : VOLATflowwater : overall mass transfer coefficient for volatilization across the air-water interface, referenced to water [m/s] kawair : partial mass transfer coefficient at the air-side of the air-water interface [m/s] kawwater : partial mass transfer coefficient at the water-side of the air-water interface [m/s] Kh : dimensionless partition coefficient between air-water [-] Ksw : dimensionless soil/water partition coefficient [-] ƉſƑ ſƇƐ _ ƉſƑ ƑƍƇƊ ¯¨¥ƄƊƍƕƑƍƇƊ á ć ¤Ɔ ƉſƑ ſƇƐ â ƉſƑ ƑƍƇƊîÞ ć ß ¤Ƒƕ with : VOLATflowsoil : overall mass transfer coefficient for volatilization across the air-water interface, referenced to soil [m/s] kasair : partial mass transfer coefficient at the air-side of the air-soil interface [m/s] kassoil : partial mass transfer coefficient at the soil air-side of the air-soil interface [m/s] Kh : dimensionless partition coefficient between air-water [-] Ksw : dimensionless soil/water partition coefficient [-] TG ]`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ཪᨆ⒢΅⦎Ծ⹆8BUFSTFEJNFOUFYDIBOHF ΅⦎ᨆ⒢῿⓷ቢᶾᤊ↯῿⽏␗Ӫ⢶␗ᶾ૮ⵊῲ⒢ጪ↶ῲ૚ҲᨆЀ Ἦ૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢૮‫⦎؞‬ᵿ῿⓷ቢᶾᤊጪ↶ῲ૚ἲᤒታⵆંᐗᒃӪἎᢚⵆѺ ӎῲ`ὦUXPGJMNSFTJTUBODFNPEFMἲ⦣ⵢᶩἲᨆὶ૒ ƉƕƑƂƕſƒƃƐ _ ƉƕƑƂƑƃƂ ƉƕƑƂƕſƒƃƐ â ƉƕƑƂƑƃƂ ¬¨«ƄƊƍƕƑƃƂ á Þ ć ß _ «ƕƕſƒƃƐ with : ADSORBflowsed : overall mass transfer coefficient for adsorption across the sediment-water interface, referenced to water [m/s] kwsdwater : partial mass transfer coefficient at the water side of the sediment-water interface [m/s] kwsdsed : partial mass transfer coefficient at the pore water side of the sediment-water interface [m/s] FRwwater : dissolved fraction of water column [-] ƉƕƑƂƕſƒƃƐ _ ƉƕƑƂƑƃƂ ¬¨«ƄƊƍƕƑƃƂ á Þ ć ßî¤ƑƂƕ â ƉƕƑƂ ƉƕƑƂ ƕſƒƃƐ ƑƃƂ with : DESORBflowsed : overall mass transfer coefficient for desorption across the sediment-water interface, referenced to sediment [m/s] kwsdwater : partial mass transfer coefficient at the water side of the sediment-water interface [m/s] kwsdsed : partial mass transfer coefficient at the pore water side of the sediment-water interface [m/s] Ksdw : dimensionless sediment/water partition coefficient water [-] ¤ƑƂƕ á «ƕƑƃƂ â «ƑƑƃƂ _ ¤ƎƑƃƂ _ «¡¨ƑƍƇƊƂîÎ××× with : Ksdw : sediment/water partition coefficient water [-] FRACw.sdR : volume fraction water of the sediment [-] FRACs.sdR : volume fraction solid of the sediment [-] Kp.sd1R : sediment/water partition coefficient water [L/kg] RHOsolid : density of the solid phase of sediment [kg/m3] TG ^WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ΅⦎ᨆ⒢῿⓷ቢᶾᤊ὆ᨆ⒢⊫ጪ↶ῲ૚ҲᨆXBUFSTJEFNBTTUSBOTGFS DPFGGJDJFOU ЀἮ૒Ἲ὆ӎ ఊЀ.BDLBZFUBM ἲᢚẗⵎᨆὶ૒ ƉƕƑ ƕſƒƃƐ á ÏíÔÔÕ _ Î×à Ó ƋíƑ à Î kwswater : partial mass transfer coefficient at the water-side of the sediment-water interface [mwater/s] .BDLBZFUBM ᶾഞᅢቢ΅⦎ᨆ⒢῿⓷ቢᶾᤊӣ‫᥻ק‬ӎ⒢὆ᵏ᢯ BRVFPVTQIBTF ᶾᤊ὆NPMFDVMBSEJGGVTJPOἲ⦣ⵊӣ‫⊫ק‬ᶾᤊ὆ጪ↶ῲ૚ல ૒ზᶢ›ં୞ὢഺFGGFDUJWFEJGGVTJWJUZં⾞N⾞ISEJGGVTJPOўᆚં DN၊Ҳᢞఆᶶ૒ὢѱἲ⦣ⵢ૒Ἲ὆ЀὢἎலఆᶶ૒ ƉƕƑ ƑƃƂ á ÏíÔÔÕ _ Î×à Õ ƋíƑ à Î kwssed : partial mass transfer coefficient at the pore water-side of the sediment-water interface [mporewater/s] TG ^XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᆶ⦎ᵿᶾᤊᨆ⒢၊὆ὢே4PJMUPXBUFSUSBOTGFS ⦎ᵿ὆Ϯᾓὢ☣ᶾᤊᨆ⒢၊὆⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ὢேἮ૒Ἲ᫋Ἢ၊ⱊⷲఊ૒ «®§¨ƄƊƍƕƑƍƇƊ á «ƐƓƌƑƍƇƊ _ «¢§Ɛſƒƃ â «¨¬¢¨§ƑƍƇƊ ¤Ƒƕ with : RUNOFFflowsoil : mass transfer coefficient for run-off soil [msoil/s] RAINrate : rate of wet precipitation [mrain/s] FRACrunsoil : fraction of rain water that runs off from soil to water [-] Ksw : dimensionless soil-water partition coefficient [-] EROSIONsoil : rate at which soil is washed from soil into surface water [msoil/s] TG ^YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᐂҲᶾᤊ὆ ў‫؞‬὿3FNPWBMGSPNUIFTZTUFN ΅⦎Ḯ ⦎ᵿ὆ ὢ☣ᶾᤊ ‫ظ‬Ἦ ☣Ἢ၊὆ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ὢேἮ ૒Ἲ ᫋Ἢ၊ ⱊⷲఆ቞ᓦኖ⸃ᶾᤊં ў‫؞‬὿Ἢ၊ϲ⃪ఊ૒ ®«¢¥ƄƊƍƕƑƃƂ á § ƑƃƂƐſƒƃ with : BURIALflowsed : sediment burial rate for water column [msed/s] NETsedrate : net sedimentation rate for sediment/water [msed/s] ¥ ¡ƄƊƍƕƑƍƇƊ á «Ƈ ƌƄƑƍƇƊ _ «¢§Ɛſƒƃ ¤Ƒƕ with : LEACHflowsoil : mass transfer coefficient for leaching from soil [msoil/s] FRACinfsoil : fraction of rain water that infiltrates into soil [-] RAINrate : rate of wet precipitation [mrain/s] Ksw : soil-water equilibrium distribution constant [mwater3/msoil3] TG ^ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆ẗ⁢ॻலEJTTPMWFEDPODFOUSBUJPO Ҳᢞ ኖ⸃ᶾᤊ ᨆ⒢ં CJPUBḮ ᕮἎጪ↶ἲ ⯚ⵖⵊ CVML၊ ◖‫׷‬ఊ૒ ഞཪᤊ ኖ ⸃὆ҲᢞҞӪં↮ⱊᨆᶾᤊ὆┋ॻலUPUBMDPODFOUSBUJPO ᅪࢆ⢮ࢦ૒ὢ⺲ ὆ҲᢞӪỲⵢலҞ ᶾᤊંẗ⁢ॻலEJTTPMWFEDPODFOUSBUJPO ϮⴲẂⵆ૒ ഞཪᤊ┋ॻலં૒Ἲᶾഞཪᒮ⹆ఊ૒ ©ƐƃƅƕſƒƃƐ á ©ƐƃƅƕſƒƃƐìƒƍƒ â Î ¤ƎƑƓƑƎ _ ¬®¬©ƕſƒƃƐ â ƀƇƍƒſ _ ¢¨ƕſƒƃƐ with : PECregwater : regional PEC in surface water [kgc.m-3] PECregwater,tot : regional concentration in total surface water [kgc.m-3] Kpsusp : solids-water partition coefficient of suspended matter [m3.kgsolids-1] SUSPwater : concentration of suspended matter in water of region [kgdwt.m-3] BCFbiota : BCF for aquatic biota in regional/continental model [m3.kgwwt-1] BIOTAwater : concentration of aquatic biota in regional system [kgwwt.m-3] TG ^[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ॻҫ↮὆ӣ‫ק‬ᨆॻலҲᢞ ӣ‫ק‬ᨆ὆ॻலં⦎ᵿᨆ⒢ᕲᐞҲᨆḮ⦎ᵿ὆CVMLEFOTJUZᅪὢẗⵢ┋ ॻல၊ᕮ⤞Ἆலఊ૒ӣ‫ק‬ᨆ὆ॻலંϲ῿`ὦϲ०▊ἲ▂ ⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ᫋ ጪᶾᤊ὆ॻலḮ᫋ᨆ὆ॻலᅪ▂ ⵎഺⴲẂⵆ૒ ©ƐƃƅſƅƐƇƁ _ « ¡¨ƑƍƇƊ ©ƐƃƅſƅƐƇƁìƎƍƐƃƕ á ć ¤ƑƍƇƊ à ƕſƒƃƐ PECregagric,porew : regional PEC in porewater of agricultural soil [kgc.m-3] PECregagric : regional PEC in agricultural soil (total) [kgc.kgwwt-1] RHOsoil : wet bulk density of soil [kgwwt.m-3] Ksoil-water : soil-water partition coefficient [m3.m-3] TG ^\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶ૒ᇒ⒢ே⣊ኖ⸃՚⁞FYDFM ᤒታ ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலኖ⸃ᶿ᤮⫺Ὢἲ᫒⵷᫊⢒ቢⷲᾚⵆࢆ὆ᢚẗ὾έဓ ᏽҞӪЀ⹃ὦ᫊⪦TIFFU ᆺἲ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒᫒ ၊ંὢ࿚ⵊέဓᏽ▊ ဓ᫊⪦ṦᶾலҲᢞἲỲⵊ૒ᵿⵊ᫊⪦೒ὢὶἪࢆ᫊⪦ᨖ‫؞خ‬ઓἲ⦣ⵢ ᨖ‫خ‬᢯⣊၊ὶ૒ 〽Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ〾὿᤟᫊ᶾᢚẗᇒЊᒮᨆЀᏽᨆ᫋ἲ⹃ὦⵆӎ SFGJOF ὿ᶳὢ Ẃ՚ఎ ഺ ᢚẗ὾὆ ⹆ҫᶾ ᇌં ЀἪ၊ ᏮⵆѺ ⁞ ⵆӎ ᫤ἲ ҫẞ ᫊⪦ ᨖ‫؞ خ‬ઓἲ ⦣ⵢ ᨖҖ… ὶં ᫊⪦ᅪ ᷢӎ ↯῿ ᢚẗ὾Ϯ ኖ⸃ࢢЀἲέဓⵎᨆὶ૒ ᨖҖ↲᫊⪦⹃ὦⵆ‫؞‬ ኖ⸃ ⫺Ὢ⹆ҫ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞኖ⸃YMT ἲ ᫒⵷ⵊ૒␫ⵆ૖ᶾ ὶંᶿ᤮᫊⪦ታᶾᆶẞ᪒⛒ᤊᅪỲ♆᫊⢒ӎᆶẞ᪒Ḓᅦ⊫ᑲ⪪ἲ⡢ᆛ ⵆቢ ḣ᥆ ቂ੢Ϯ ࢆ⢮ࢆં୞‫צ‬ᆪ ቂ੢ ⃿〽ᨖ‫〾᥺◖ ؞؞‬ᅪ ⡢ᆛⵆቢ ᨖҖ↲᫊⪦೒὆ኗ။ὢ὿Ἦ␫Ἢ၊༚૒‫צ‬ᆪ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ኖ⸃ᶾᤊᨖҖ↲᫊⪦⹃ὦ TG ^]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽ᨖ‫ 〾᥺◖؞؞‬ቂ੢ ᓢӎ᫤Ἦ᫊⪦ ኗἲ⡢ᆛⵆӎ⹃ὦᑲ⪪ἲ৲ᅢቢᨖҖ…ὶ୆᫊⪦Ϯ ࢆ⢮ࢊ૒ϯ᫊⪦ᶾ૮ⵊᤒታἮ૒Ἲῶἲ␦ӎⵊ૒ ⵊ‫ڪ‬ᑶᶾ ᷚ࿚ Њ὆ ᫊⪦ᅪ ᨖ‫ ંⵆ᥺◖ ؞؞‬ѱἮ ᕶϮઓⵆӎ ⵊ ᑶᶾ ⵆࢆᴗᆺϮઓⵆ૒ኖ೎᫊⪦ᅪᓢὢѺ⵶ἲഺ὆ኖ᪣Ἦ૒Ἲ<‫צ‬ᆪ>Ӫ Ї૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>᫊⪦ᨖ‫᥺◖؞؞‬᫒⵷ҞӪ TG ^^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ⃪Ẃ᫊⪦՚᤟ ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞኖ⸃YMT⫺Ὢ὆ᨖҖ…ὶં᪒Ⳳ࿶ೊ᫊⪦ ં 〽ኖ⸃ ᓢWFSTJPO 〾〽ጪ᤟ ᓢDIFNCBTF 〾〽⹆ҫ ᓢSFHJPOCBTF 〾〽έဓJOQVU 〾〽՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖMPDBM @ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ〾〽ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBM 〾〽՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖMPDBM 〾〽ҲᢞFOHJOF 〾〽 ᢯᢯⣊ ॻலMFWFM PVUQVU 〾 ೟ὢὶ૒ᵌ ῶᶾᤊ ᤒታⵊᨖ‫؞᥺◖؞؞‬ઓἲ⦣ⵢⴲẂⵊ᫊⪦ᅪᨖ‫خ‬ ⵢ ⵎᨆὶἪ቞᫊⪦὆⣛ἲ৲ᅢቢⵢ૧᫊⪦၊ὢேⵎᨆὶ૒⃪Ẃ᫊ ⪦὆‫؞‬ઓἮ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ <ⱊ>ᶾᤊᤒታⵊ⃪Ẃ᫊⪦ṦᶾலትЊ὆᫊⪦ϮୂᨖҖ…ὶં୞ ‫צ‬ѱἮẞᆚࢆཪኖ⸃὆‫׊‬ኖḮӮဖὢᶴ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᓦᇒ੢ᶪᶾᤊંᒲல὆ ᤒታἲᣋྣⵊ૒ TG ^_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <ⱊ>ኖ⸃ࢢᨖҖ↲᫊⪦὆⁳ᅆᏽࢢẗ ᫊⪦ὢᅲ ࢢẗ ኖ⸃ ᓢ ኖ⸃὆‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢḮὪ὾ᒲ⃪Ẃᶳ୞ὢ⪦ᏽᑲ‫צ‬ᨆ ὢ (version) ‫؞‬။ఆᶢὶ૒. ጪ᤟ ᓢ (chembase) ⹆ҫ ᓢ (regionbase) ⃪Ẃ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆‫؞‬ᓦጪ᤟὾ႺϮέဓఆᶢὶ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪ⹆ҫᶾᇌ▆ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ(Regional scale)὆⹆ҫ ᓢϮ έဓఆᶢὶ૒. ⹆ҫॻலᅪ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢⴲẂⵊ‫؞‬ᓦ`ὦέဓ ᓢ(⮷Ϯ έဓ (input) ӣϲ὆⪧᤟Ѐ, ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ጪ᤟Ѐ, ᐞ▊ྷ೟)ᅪέဓⵆં ᫊⪦ὢ૒. ⷲᾚ‘⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல(PEC) Ҳᢞ’ ᫊⪦ᶾ έဓЀἲέဓⵆѺఆᶢὶἪᎮ၊⪧ᒲ⽶᥾૶ⴲẂϮᶴ૒. ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ(Regional scale)὆ ᢯᢯⣊(steady-state) ⹆ҫॻலᅪ (regional) ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢⴲẂⵊᇒЊᒮᨆ೒Ӫⵢ૧Ѐ೒ὢ ᫊ఊ૒. ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ (local) Ҳᢞ (engine) ᢯᢯⣊ॻல (level 3 Output) ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ(local scale)὆ ᢯᢯⣊(steady-state) ⹆ҫॻலᅪ ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢⴲẂⵊᇒЊᒮᨆ೒Ӫⵢ૧Ѐ೒ὢ ᫊ఊ૒. ‫׊‬ኖᒲ(local, regional), ᇒ↶ᒲ(૮‫؞‬, ᨆ⒢, ΅⦎, ⦎ᵿ) ॻலᅪ Ҳᢞⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵊጪ↶ᨆ↮᫋೒὆ᷞᆫⵢϮҲᢞఊ૒. Ҳᢞఊ ᢯᢯⣊὆⹆ҫॻலЀὢ▊ဓఆᶢⱊ᫊ఆં᫊⪦ὢ૒. ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ(local scale)὆ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊேᴶ὆⹆ҫॻலᅪ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ(local) _ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ ᷶☏ⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢⴲẂⵊᇒЊᒮᨆ೒Ӫⵢ૧Ѐ೒ὢ ᫊ఊ૒. ᢯᢯⣊Ϯᴲ઺ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ⃿὆ॻலᅪҲᢞⵆં ᫊⪦ὢ૒. TG ^`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ኖ⸃὆έဓᏽ▊ဓ⼾ᅲ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ኖ⸃Ἦ⡚ѺέဓҲᢞ▊ဓ὆ᤦᕮᕲἪ၊՚᤟ఊ ૒ ᢚẗ὾ં 〽⹆ҫ ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾 ᫊⪦ᶾᤊ ୞ὢ⤞ έဓ ҞӪ ⹃ὦἲኖాⵆѺఆᶢὶ૒ὢഺᢚẗ὾ϮέဓⵊЀἮᨖҖ…ὶં〽έ ဓJOQVU 〾 ᫊⪦ᶾ ὾ேἪ၊ έဓఊ૒〽ҲᢞFOHJOF 〾᫊⪦ᶾᤊῲ՛` ‫׊‬ ኖ὆ᇒ↶ᒲ૮‫ ؞‬ᨆ⒢ ΅⦎ ⦎ᵿ ॻலϮҲᢞఆӎ ╊⁳ҞӪϮ〽 ᢯᢯ ⣊ॻலMFWFMPVUQVU 〾᫊⪦ᶾ▊ဓఊ૒ ὢ ЀἮ 〽՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖMPDBM @ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ〾 ᫊⪦ᶾᤊ Ҳᢞఆં ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ⃿ॻல὆ᐞҫॻல၊ᢚẗఊ૒ ᢚẗ὾ં〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾᫊⪦ᶾᤊῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ ॻலЀӪ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ ⃿ ॻலЀἲ ⹃ὦⵎ ᨆ ὶ૒ ᢚẗ὾ં ҞӪЀἲ⹃ὦⵆӎ▂⺲०▊⮷ϮᶾᢚẗⵎᨆὶѺఊ૒ ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻலҲᢞἲỲⵊኖ⸃὆έဓᏽ▊ဓ⼾ᅲலᅪ<‫צ‬ᆪ>ᶾ ࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ኖ⸃὆έဓᏽ▊ဓ⼾ᅲல TG _WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᫊⪦ᤦᕮࢢẗ Ϯ〽έဓ*OQVU 〾᫊⪦ 〽έဓ*OQVU 〾 ᫊⪦ં ⡚Ѻ ᕮᕲἪ၊ ࢆ੊૒ ⹆ҫ ⪧᤟-BOETDBQF QSPQFSUJFT ጪ↶⪧᤟4VCTUBODFQSPQFSUJFT ᐞ▊ྷ ᓢ&NJTTJPOT ၊ࢆ੆ᶢ ὶӎϯᕮᕲᶾ᥻ⵆંᷚ࿚ᒮᨆϮ⁢ᾚⵊ૒ᢚẗ὾ંϯᇒЊᒮᨆᶾᏦᆚ έဓఊЀἲ‫צ‬૮၊ᢚẗⵆўࢆⴲẂⵊҫẞ⁞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ ⹆ҫ⪧᤟ᕮᕲᶾέဓⵢᵪⵆંЀἮ⮷Ϯӣϲ὆ቢ`‫؞‬Ḗⱻ᥻Ѓᨆ ྷ೟ὢⵢ૧ఆ቞〽⹆ҫ ᓢSFHJPOCBTF 〾᫊⪦ḮᷞҞఆᶢὶ૒ኖ⸃ᶾⵊ ՛⹆ҫᶾ╊`⹂ఊЀ೒ὢം⯢⪦၊ ӣఆᶢὶἪ቞ᢚẗ὾Ϯὢᅪᒮҫⵢ ᤊંᴶఊ૒‫צ‬ᆪ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽έဓJOQVU 〾 ᫊⪦�G ⹆ҫ⪧᤟ TG _XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒ἺἮ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ ⃪Ẃ ጪ᤟ ᓢᅪ έဓⵆં ᕮᕲὢ૒ ⃪Ẃ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ၊ંᕲ὾ྷ१ં῾ぐᶾᤊ὆↋‫؞‬ᵃぐᶾᤊ὆ጪᶾ૮ⵊẗⵢலḓ⢮ Ḛጪ ᕲᐞҲᨆ,PX ⹆ҫᇒ↶ ࢢᶾᤊ὆ ᕲⵢ᥻லBJS XBUFS TFEJNFOU BOE TPJMEFHSBEBUJPOSBUF ೟ὢὶ૒‫צ‬ᆪ Ϯᾓ‫؞‬ᓦ`ὦέဓЀ೒Ἦ〽⹆ҫ ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾 ᫊⪦ᶾ έဓⵆѺ ఆᶢ ὶἪᎮ၊ ὢ ᫊⪦ᶾᤊં 〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾 ᫊⪦ᶾέဓ཮ὢᶴંᇒЊᒮᨆ⃿ᢚẗ὾ Ϯᨆ ⵎⴲẂϮὶંᇒЊᒮᨆᅪᨆ ⵎᨆὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽έဓJOQVU 〾 ᫊⪦�G ⹂ⵇጪ↶ጪ᤟ ᐞ▊ྷ ᕮᕲᶾં ‫׊‬ኖᒲ՛↮` ῲ՛` ϯ ᇒ↶૮‫ ؞‬ᨆ⒢ ὾ᷞ↮ ॻ ↮ ல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮ ၊὆ ᐞ▊ྷἲ έဓⵆўࢆ ෾ં ┋ ᢚẗྷӪ ϯ ᇒ↶၊὆ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ&NJTTJPOGBDUPS ᅪέဓⵎᨆὶ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖMPDBM TDBMF ૮ᅇ‫׊‬ኖDPOUJOFOUBM TDBMF ῲ↮՚`‫׊‬ኖHMPCBM TDBMF ὆ ᢚẗྷᐞ▊ྷ Ἦ ‫؞‬ᓦ`Ἢ၊ Ἢ၊ ᤒ ఆᶢ ὶ૒ ૖ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ SFHJPOBMTDBMF ὆ᢚẗྷᐞ▊ྷ Ἦὲ᫊၊⦒लἪ၊ᤒ ఆᶢὶӎ‫צ‬ѱ ὢኖా૮‫؞‬၊ᐞ▊ఆંѱἪ၊&NJTTJPOGBDUPSBJS ᤒ ఆᶢὶ૒ഞ ཪᤊᢚẗ὾ંῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆Ҳᢞ᫊૮᢯ጪ↶὆ᢚẗྷᐞ▊ྷ ᏽ⹆ҫᇒ↶ BJSXBUFSTPJM ၊὆ᐞ▊ҲᨆᅪᢶၛѺέဓⵢᵪⵊ૒Ϯᾓ‫؞‬ᓦ`ὦέဓ Ѐ೒Ἦ〽⹆ҫ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾᫊⪦ᶾέဓⵆѺఆᶢὶἪᎮ၊ὢ ᫊⪦ᶾᤊં〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾᫊⪦ᶾέဓ཮ὢᶴંᇒЊᒮᨆ ⃿ᢚẗ὾Ϯᨆ ⵎⴲẂϮὶંᇒЊᒮᨆᅪᨆ ⵎᨆὶ૒ TG _YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽έဓJOQVU 〾 ᫊⪦�G ᐞ▊ྷ ᓢ ኖ⸃὆ Ҳᢞᶾ ᫒ ၊ ᢚẗఆં ᇒЊᒮᨆ὆ ЀἮ ୞ὢ⤞ ᥺᪒ᶾ ഞཪ *OQVU%BUB#BTF'PSNVMB7BMVFᷢᶾὶંЀ೒⃿὆ⵆࢆϮᢚẗఊ૒*OQVU ᷢᶾંᢚẗ὾Ϯ↯῿Ѐἲέဓⵎᨆὶ૒%BUB#BTFᷢἮ〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻ ல1&$ Ҳᢞኖ⸃YMT〾⫺Ὢࢢᶾὶં〽ጪ᤟ ᓢDIFN#BTF 〾᫊⪦〽⹆ ҫ ᓢSFHJPOCBTF 〾 ᫊⪦Ḯ ᷞҞఆᶢᤊ ϯϯ὆ ᫊⪦ᶾᤊ Ꮶᆚ Ѐἲ ӣⵆ ቢ‫צ‬Ѐἲᕶ࿚Ḯᢚẗⵎᨆὶ૒'PSNVMBᷢἮᏦᆚέဓఆᶢὶંᨆ᫋ἲ ⦣ⵢҲᢞఊЀ೒ὢⱊ‫؞‬ఆ቞ᢚẗ὾Ϯᆶẞ᪒၊ⵢ૧᤮ἲ⡢ᆛⵆቢ‫צ‬Ѐ ἲҲᢞⵊᨆ᫋ἲ⹃ὦⵎᨆὶ૒7BMVFᷢ὆ЀἮⱊ⃮⹆ҫᶾᤊ὆ം⯢⪦Ѐ ὢ૒ Ἆ὆ⵎ ῾Ἦ 'PSNVMBᷢӪ 7BMVFᷢ὆ ЀἮ ՛ࢢ ⱊ⃮ ⹆ҫᶾ ╊`⹂ఊ ЀἪ၊ᤒ ఆᶢὶ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᢚẗ὾ᶾ὆ⵢὲ὆၊ᨆ ఆᶢᤊંᴶఊ૒ં ѱὢ૒ ὪḒᅦ⊫ᶾỲ♆ⵊ6TFEᷢᶾⱊ᫊ఆંЀἮኖ⸃὆Ҳᢞᶾ᫒ ᢚẗ ఆંЀὢ૒ὢЀἮỲᶾᤊᢢ⮢ᓦ⁳ᅆ὆Ѐ⃿Ṫ⊫ᕮ⤞ẞᤎᨊỲᅪᕮ ᷚⵆᷚᕶ࿚Ḗ૒ⅷ*OQVUᷢᶾЀὢέဓఆᶢὶ૒ቢ૒ᅦᷢᶾЀὢέဓఆ ᶢ ὶᶢல *OQVUᷢ὆ Ѐἲ ᕶ࿚Ḗ૒ *OQVUᷢὢ ᘲᶢὶӎ %BUBCBTFᷢᶾ Ѐὢ έဓఆᶢὶ૒ቢ%BUBCBTFᷢ὆Ѐὢᢚẗఆ቞7BMVFᷢ὆ЀἮẞᤎᨊỲϮ Ὢ࢜ἪᎮ၊ᵌ὆ాᷢὢᘲᶢὶંҫẞᶾᢚẗఊ૒ TG _ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ࢆ〽ጪ᤟ ᓢDIFNCBTF 〾᫊⪦ 〽ጪ᤟ ᓢDIFNCBTF 〾᫊⪦ᶾં⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ጪ᤟὾ႺᅪᏦᆚέဓⵆӎ ΅ᾓⵢెᨆὶ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ᢚẗ὾ંⴲẂᶾഞཪᢶ၊Ảጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊጪ ᤟ ᓢᅪ▂Ϯⵎᨆὶ૒ኖ⸃ᶾᤊᢚẗఆં⃪Ẃጪ᤟ᇒЊᒮᨆᅪ૒Ἲ<ⱊ >ᶾࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽ጪ᤟ ᓢDIFNCBTF 〾 ᫊⪦ <ⱊ>〽ጪ᤟ ᓢDIFNCBTF 〾᫊⪦ᇒЊᒮᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ ID CAS registry number - Name Chemical name - MW ᕲ὾ྷ g/mol Tm १ં῾ ℃ Pvap25 25℃ᶾᤊ὆↋‫؞‬ᵃ Pa Sol25 25℃ᶾᤊ὆ጪᶾ૮ⵊẗⵢல mg/L Kow ḓ⢮Ḛ/ጪᕲᐞҲᨆ - kdeg(air) ૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ὆ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆ 1/s kdeg(water) ᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆ 1/s kdeg(sed) ΅⦎ᶾᤊ὆ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆ 1/s kdeg(soil) ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆ᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆ 1/s TG _[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૒〽⹆ҫ ᓢSFHJPOCBTF 〾᫊⪦ 〽⹆ҫ ᓢSFHJPOCBTF 〾᫊⪦ᶾં⮷Ϯӣϲ὆‫؞‬ᓦ`⹆ҫ⪧᤟Ѐ೒ὢ ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBMTDBMF ᶾ૮ⵢ ᫊ఆᶢὶ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ӣϲ`⪧᤟ἲࢆ⢮ ࢢં⃪ẂᇒЊᒮᨆᅪ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ᶾࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ὢ᫊⪦ᶾ΅ᾓఊӣϲ⹆ ҫ⪧᤟Ѐ೒Ἦ〽έဓJOQVU 〾᫊⪦ḮᷞҞఆᶢᤊኖ⸃὆έဓЀἪ၊ᢚẗ ఊ૒૖ⵊ՛⹆ҫᶾ╊`⹂ఊЀ೒ὢം⯢⪦၊ὢᏦέဓఆᶢὶἪᎮ၊ᢚ ẗ὾Ϯὢᅪᨆ ⵢᤊંᴶఊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽⹆ҫ ᓢSFHJPOCBTF 〾 ᫊⪦ TG _\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <ⱊ>〽⹆ҫ ᓢSFHJPOCBTF 〾᫊⪦ᇒЊᒮᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ Area land ૖Ỳ ૮᢯ӣϲቢ`. ⵆ⒊೟ᨆ⒢ቢ`Ӫ὾ᷞ ⦎ᵿ, ॻҫ↮೟⦎ᵿቢ`ἲῲᕮⵗ♊Ѐ. km2 Area sea ᐂ૒ቢ` km2 Area fraction fresh water ῲ⒢ቢ`ᶾᤊૢᨆቢ`ὢ␖↮ⵆંᘲ἖ - Area fraction natural soil ῲ⒢ቢ`ᶾᤊ὾ᷞ⦎ᵿቢ`ὢ␖↮ⵆંᘲ἖ - Area fraction agricultural soil ῲ⒢ቢ`ᶾᤊॻҫ↮ቢ`ὢ␖↮ⵆંᘲ἖ - Area fraction other soil ῲ⒢ቢ`ᶾᤊ὾ᷞ⦎ᵿ, ॻҫ↮ᅪ Ṧⵊ ⦎ᵿቢ`ὢ␖↮ⵆંᘲ἖ - Temp ‫؞‬Ḗ, ՛ࢢ‫⺲؞‬30ल⮷लЀ`ẗ ℃ Wind speed ⱻ᥻. ՛ࢢ‫⺲؞‬30ल⮷‫׎‬Ѐ m/s rain rate Ѓᨆ. ՛ࢢ‫⺲؞‬30ल⮷‫׎‬Ѐ mm/yr Depth fresh water ૢᨆ‫ظ‬ὢ m River flow reg - cont ૮ᅇ‫׊‬ኖ၊ᙎ…ࢆϮંૢᨆᘲ἖ - Fraction run off ↮ⱊἎ▊ᘲ἖ - Fraction infiltration ⦎ᵿἪ၊♖⨚ᘲ἖ - Soil erosion ⦎ᵿ♖᫋ᅎ mm/yr TG _]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ཪ〽ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBM 〾᫊⪦ 〽ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBM 〾 ᫊⪦ᶾં ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBM TDBMF ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ TUFBEZTUBUF ⹆ҫॻலᅪҲᢞⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢⴲẂⵊSFHJPOBM‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫᇒЊ ᒮᨆ೒Ӫⵢ૧ⵆંЀ೒ὢ ᫊ఆᶢὶ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ὢ᫊⪦ᶾέဓⵊᇒЊᒮ ᨆЀ೒Ἦ〽ҲᢞFOHJOF 〾᫊⪦ᶾᤊ᫒ ҞӪҲᢞἲⵎഺᒮᨆ೒၊ᢚẗ ఊ૒ 〽ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBM 〾᫊⪦ᶾ⯚ⵖఊ⹆ҫᇒЊᒮᨆ೒Ἦ⡚Ѻ‫؞‬ᓦ`⮷ Ϯӣϲ὆ ⹆ҫ ᓢFOWJSPONFOU ᇒ↶ ϲ ᕲᐞJOUFSNFEJB QBSUJUJPOJOH ᇒ↶ ϲ ὢே ‫؞‬὿JOUFSNFEJB USBOTGFS ‫צ‬ᆚӎ ᇒ↶ ࢢ ў ‫؞‬὿SFNPWBM GSPN TZTUFN ᕮᕲἪ၊ࢆ੊૒ ᇒЊᒮᨆⵛኗ὆⁳ᅆં‫؞‬ᓦ`Ἢ၊ં〽՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBM 〾᫊⪦ḮேὪ ⵆ↮ᆺ〽՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBM 〾᫊⪦ᶾંⵢᨆᶾӮⵊⵛኗὢᶴંᐆቢ〽ῲ ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBM 〾᫊⪦ᶾં 70-6.& NBSJOF TFEJNFOU DPNQBSUNFOU "3&" '3"$5*0/TFBXBUFS .JYFE%&15)TFBXBUFSDPNQBSUNFOUḮЇὢⵢᨆᶾ ӮⵊᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ὢ▂Ϯఆᶢὶ૒ ϯϯ὆ᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ᶾ૮ⵢέဓЀἮ*OQVU'PSNVMB7BMVF೟⁳ᅆϮὶ ૒*OQVUᷢᶾંᢚẗ὾ϮЀἲ↯῿έဓⵎᨆὶ૒'PSNVMBᷢἮⵢ૧Ѐ ἲ᫋ἲ⦣ⵢҲᢞⵎᨆὶંҫẞᶾ᫋ἲ⦣ⵊҲᢞЀἲࢆ⢮ࢦ૒7BMVFᷢ Ἦ ⵢ૧ ᇒЊᒮᨆᶾ ૮ⵊ ⱊ⃮ ⹆ҫᶾᤊ὆ ം⯢⪦Ѐὢ૒ Ἆ὆ⵎ ῾Ἦ 'PSNVMBᷢӪ7BMVFᷢ὆ЀἮ՛ࢢⱊ⃮⹆ҫᶾᇌંЀἪ၊ᤒ ఆᶢὶ‫؞‬ ഺጦᶾᢚẗ὾ᶾ὆ⵢᨆ ఆᶢᤊંᴶఊ૒ ὪḒᅦ⊫ᶾὶં6TFEᷢὢ᫒ ၊ኖ⸃὆ҲᢞἲỲⵊЀἪ၊ᕮᕲ` Ἢ၊ⴲẂᶾഞཪ૖ỲϮ⹆ᢞఆᶢҲᢞఊ૒ὢЀἮᢢ⮢ᓦ*OQVU'PSNVMB 7BMVFЀ⃿Ṫ⊫ᕮ⤞ẞᤎᨊỲᅪᕮᷚⵆᷚᕶ࿚Ḗ૒ⅷ*OQVUᷢᶾЀὢέ ဓఆᶢὶἲҫẞϮᾓẞᤎ`Ἢ၊‫צ‬Ѐἲᢚẗⵊ૒*OQVUᷢᶾЀὢᶴӎ 'PSNVMBᷢᶾЀὢέဓఆᶢὶἲҫẞᶾં'PSNVMBᷢ὆Ѐἲᢚẗⵊ૒ TG _^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBM 〾 ᫊⪦ TG __G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᆶ〽՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBM 〾᫊⪦ 〽՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBM 〾᫊⪦ᶾં՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ ᢯᢯⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ⹆ ҫॻலᅪҲᢞⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢⴲẂⵊ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫᇒЊᒮᨆ೒Ӫⵢ૧ⵆં Ѐ೒ὢ ᫊ఆᶢὶ૒‫צ‬ᆪ ὢ᫊⪦὆ᇒЊᒮᨆЀ೒Ἦ〽ҲᢞFOHJOF 〾 ᫊⪦ᶾᤊ᫒ Ҳᢞἲⵎഺᒮᨆ೒၊ᢚẗఊ૒ 〽՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBM 〾᫊⪦ᶾ⯚ⵖఊ⹆ҫᇒЊᒮᨆ೒Ἦ⡚Ѻ‫؞‬ᓦ`⮷ Ϯӣϲ὆ ⹆ҫ ᓢFOWJSPONFOU ᇒ↶ ϲ ᕲᐞJOUFSNFEJB QBSUJUJPOJOH ᇒ↶ ϲ ὢே ‫؞‬὿JOUFSNFEJB USBOTGFS ‫צ‬ᆚӎ ᇒ↶ ࢢ ў ‫؞‬὿SFNPWBM GSPN TZTUFN ᕮᕲἪ၊ࢆ੊૒ ϯϯ὆ᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ᶾ૮ⵢέဓЀἮ*OQVU'PSNVMB7BMVF೟⁳ᅆϮὶ ૒*OQVUᷢᶾંᢚẗ὾ϮЀἲ↯῿έဓⵎᨆὶ૒'PSNVMBᷢἮⵢ૧Ѐἲ ᫋ἲ⦣ⵢҲᢞⵎᨆὶંҫẞᶾ᫋ἲ⦣ⵊҲᢞЀἲࢆ⢮ࢦ૒7BMVFંⵢ ૧ᇒЊᒮᨆᶾ૮ⵊⱊ⃮⹆ҫᶾᤊ὆ം⯢⪦Ѐὢ૒Ἆ὆ⵎ῾Ἦ'PSNVMBᷢ Ӫ7BMVFᷢ὆ЀἮ՛ࢢⱊ⃮⹆ҫᶾᇌંЀἪ၊ᤒ ఆᶢὶ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᢚ ẗ὾ᶾ὆ⵢὲ὆၊ᨆ ఆᶢᤊંᴶఊ૒ંѱὢ૒ ὪḒᅦ⊫ᶾὶં6TFEᷢὢ᫒ ၊ኖ⸃὆ҲᢞἲỲⵊЀἪ၊ᕮᕲ` Ἢ၊ⴲẂᶾഞཪ૖ỲϮ⹆ᢞఆᶢҲᢞఊ૒ὢЀἮ*OQVU'PSNVMB7BMVF Ѐ⃿Ṫ⊫ᕮ⤞ẞᤎᨊỲᅪᕮᷚⵆᷚᕶ࿚Ḗ૒ⅷ*OQVUᷢᶾЀὢέဓఆᶢ ὶἲҫẞϮᾓẞᤎ`Ἢ၊‫צ‬Ѐἲᢚẗⵊ૒*OQVUᷢᶾЀὢᶴӎ'PSNVMB ᷢᶾЀὢέဓఆᶢὶἲҫẞᶾં'PSNVMBᷢ὆Ѐἲᢚẗⵊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBM 〾 ᫊⪦ TG _`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ᐂ〽ҲᢞFOHJOF 〾᫊⪦ ᫒ Ҳᢞὢὢზᶢ↮ં᫊⪦ὢ૒ᇒ↶ࢢᇒ↶ϲ὆ጪ↶ὢேἲӎဒ ⵆᷚᤦẺ↲ϯᇒ↶὆ጪ↶ᨆ↮᫋೒ὢᷞᆫᐗ ᫋὆⸃⣊၊Ҳᢞఊ૒ኖ೎ ҲᢞἮ ᢯᢯⣊ᅪϮ ⵆӎὢზᶢ↲૒ ᢚ〽 ᢯᢯⣊ॻலMFWFMPVUQVU 〾᫊⪦ 〽ҲᢞFOHJOF 〾 ᫊⪦ᶾᤊ ᢯᢯⣊ᅪ Ϯ ⵆӎ Ҳᢞఊ ⹆ҫॻலЀὢ ⱊ ᫊ఊ૒ ᴲ〽՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBM @ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ〾᫊⪦ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ ᢯᢯⣊ᶾல૚ⵆ‫؞‬ῲᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊேᴶ὆ॻலᅪҲᢞ ⵆં᫊⪦ὢ૒૒ᅦ᫊⪦೒ӪᒲЊ၊ὢ᫊⪦ࢢᕮᶾᤊᆺҲᢞὢὢზᶢ↮቞ ὢ᫊⪦ંᓦᇒ੢ᶪ὆ᾓᶾᤊ૒ლ૒ TG `WG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  6장. 배출 에피소드(release episode) 동안의 국지적 규모의 농도 계산 ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊ὆ ⹆ҫᇒ↶Ἦῲ՛‫׊‬ኖḮ૚ᆚⵢᨆḮல᫊ᢞᶳẗ↮Ϯ ᶴӎ૮‫؞‬ᨆ⒢΅⦎⦎ᵿॻҫ↮ኗ⓶↮ Ἢ၊՚᤟ఆᶢὶ૒ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ ೊSFMFBTFFQJTPEF ேᴶ὆՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலંᴲ྆ᶾᤒታఆંᒲல὆ᐗ ᒃἪ၊␖՛↮`ॻலᅪҲᢞⵆӎ‫צ‬Ѐᶾ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ⸃ἲ⦣ⵢҲᢞఊῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ॻலᅪ ⵗᢞⵆᷚ ╊⁳`ὦ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖ὆ ॻலᅪ Ҳᢞⵊ૒ ὢ Ѐὢ ⹆ҫ०▊⮷Ϯᶾᢚẗఆં⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ ὢ૒ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊSFMFBTFFQJTPEF ேᴶ὆ॻலҲᢞἮ૒ᇒ⒢ ኖ⸃ὢᴲ઺ᒲல὆Ҳᢞᐗᒃἲὢẗⵊ૒ ૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ὆ॻல1&$MPDBMBJS ંḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞Nўᆚᶾᤊ὆⮷‫ॻ׎‬ லᅪҲᢞⵊ૒ὢ࿚ⵊўᆚંᐞ▊᫊ᤒ὆⮷‫׎‬⡚‫؞‬ᅪᐆᷯⵆӎὶંѱἪ၊ Ϯ ⵊѱὢ૒૮‫؞‬὆ॻலંὦϲ὆०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᢚẗఆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᷞ⮷ ‫ॻ׎‬லᅪҲᢞⵊ૒ὢഺ⦎ᵿἪ၊὆♖`ྷEFQPTJUJPO Ἦᐞ▊ẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ᐆ ҫNᴶᶾᤊ὆⮷‫׎‬ЀἪ၊Ҳᢞⵊ૒ ᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆ ॻல1&$MPDBM XBUFS ં Ế♇`Ἢ၊ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᤒᘲ451 ᶾᤊ὆ Ἆ▊ᨆϮ Ḳῲ⽶ ⸪ⵗఊ ⺲ᶾ Ҳᢞఊ૒ Ἆ▊Ӫ ०▊↮ᷛ ϲ὆ ўᆚϮ ᇒẞ ⇕‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ૮Њ⽚ᤋEJMVUJPO ὢ⃪ఊ ўSFNPWBM Ⳳ၊ᤦ᪒Ϯఊ૒ഞཪ ᤊᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆ᕲⵢEFHSBEBUJPO ⼆ᐊWPMBUJMJ[BUJPO ⧢`TFEJNFOUBUJPO ὆ᷯ ⶓἮॻலҲᢞᶾᐆᷯⵆ↮ᴸં૒ⱊ⃮⽚ᤋҲᨆEJMVUJPOGBDUPS Ϯᢚẗఆ቞ Ҳᢞఊ ẗ⁢ ॻலEJTTPMWFE DPODFOUSBUJPO Ϯ 1/&$XBUFSḮ ᘲԾఊ૒ ΅⦎὆ ॻலંᨆ⒢ḮЇἮ↮ᷛᶾᤊҲᢞఊ૒ ᢯૮`Ἢ၊ᣋᵎ⃪‫؞‬Ϯ⇕Ἦᨆᤊᣋጪ὆०▊ἲ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊᐞ▊ᶾ ⴪᥺ೊSFMFBTF FQJTPEF ேᴶ὆ ॻலϮ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ᐆቢᶾ ὦϲӪ ⯚᫋ேጪ὆ ↯῿०▊⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᤊંᓢ૒ᆺ᤟`०▊Ӯ῾ὢ`ῶⵆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᷞ⮷‫׎‬ ॻலϮᢚẗఊ૒ ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆ॻல1&$MPDBMTPJM ં῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞૮‫؞‬၊ᐞ▊ఊḒᷪጪ ↶ὢ♖`EFQPTJUJPO Ӫ ἲ⦣ⵢ⦎ᵿἲḒ᫊ᷪ⢒ંҫẞᶾ૮ⵢᤊḒᷪὢ ↮᥻`Ἢ၊ᐊᣋⵊ⪧ ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆⮷‫ॻ׎‬லᅪҲᢞⵊ૒⦎ᵿἮॻҫ↮Ḯ ኗ⓶↮ ా Ϯ↮ ⸃⣊၊ ՚ᕲⵆ቞ ϯϯ `ẗఆં ⸪ⵗ ‫ظ‬ὢNJYJOH EFQUI Ϯ TG `XG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ૒ᅢ૒ Ἇ᢯ ᣋ⣊ᅪ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵢᤊ Ὢ ⮷‫ॻ׎‬லϮ ᢚེ὆ ϲ῿०▊ἲ ⮷Ϯⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢᤊὪ⮷‫ॻ׎‬லϮϯϯᢚẗఊ૒↮ⵆᨆॻலંॻҫ↮⦎ ᵿᶾᤊҲᢞఊ૒ TG `YG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶ૮‫؞‬ᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ὢῶᶾᤊં૒Ἲ὆ᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ὢல▊ఊ૒ イᐞ▊ᐊᣋேᴶ὆՛↮`૮‫ॻ⃿؞‬ல ゥᷞ⮷‫׎‬՛↮`૮‫ॻ⃿؞‬ல ウ┋♖`⳺࿛᪒ᷞ⮷‫ ׎‬ 1&$MPDBM὆Ҳᢞᶾᤊં῾Ḓᷪ὆ᐞ▊ើᆺᴲશཪ451၊ᕮ⤞὆ᐞ▊லӎ ဒⵢᵪⵊ૒෾ⵊ1&$SFHJPOBMῲ՛‫׊‬ኖॻல Ἦᐞҫॻல၊ᢚẗఆ‫؞‬ഺጦ ᶾ ՛↮` ॻலᶾ ⵗᢞఆᶢᵪ ⵊ૒ 451ં ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ Ϯ ఆ቞ ጪ↶὆ ॻலં ῾ḒᷪẾἪ၊ᕮ⤞ N ඖᶢ↲ ↮῾ᶾᤊ Ҳᢞఊ૒ ᢯૮`Ἢ၊ ᐞ▊ Ӫ०▊↮῾Ӫ὆ўᆚϮ⇕‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ⹃ᢞӪᐂེᶾ὆ⵊὢᅆᶾ὆ⵢҞ ఆ቞ᐞ▊ྷᶾᘲီⵆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾϮẞ᫊ᴶ1MVNFኖ⸃ἲ⦣ⵢ$TUEBJSᅪᏦᆚ Ҳᢞⵆᷚ ᢯ᨆЀἪ၊ ᢚẗⵊ૒ ጪ↶ᶾ ᢯Ӯᶴὢ ேὪⵊ ЀἪ၊ & <NH⾞N>ὢ૒ᐞ▊ྷἮᢞᶳ᫊ᤒᶾᤊ὆↯῿`ᐞ▊Ӫ451ᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊⃿ ⡞Ѐἲ1&$MPDBM὆Ҳᢞᶾᢚẗⵊ૒ ƊƍƁſƊſƇƐ á ÞƊƍƁſƊſƇƐì ƑƒƎſƇƐ ß 읆ƑƒƂſƇƐ ƃƋƇƑƑƇƍƌ ƊƍƁſƊſƇƐìſƌƌ á ƊƍƁſƊſƇƐ 읆 ć ÐÓÒ with : Elocalair : local direct release rate air during episode [kg·d-1] Estpair : local indirect release to air from STP during episode [kg·d-1] Cstdair : concentration in air at source strength of 1 kg·d-1 (EU value : 2.78E-04) [mg·m-3] Temission : Number of emission days equal to : Annual Use(kg·y-1)/Daily Use(kg·d-1) [d·y-1] Clocalair : local concentration in air during release episode [mg·m-3] Clocalair,ann : annual average concentration in air, 100 m from point source [mg·m-3] TG `ZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ©ƊƍƁſƊſƇƐìſƌƌ á ƊƍƁſƊſƇƐìſƌƌ â ©ƐƃƅƇƍƌſƊſƇƐ with : Clocalair,ann : annual average concentration in air, 100 m from point source [mg·m-3] PECregionalair : regional concentration in air [mg·m-3] PEClocalair,ann : annual average predicted environmental conc. in air [mg·m-3] ♖`⳺࿛᪒EFQPTJUJPOGMVY ં⹂ⵇጪ↶὆૮‫⃿؞‬έ὾ᶾᨆ␗ఆᶢὶં ᘲ἖ᶾഞཪ૒ᅢ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ૒᥺ᓣᾏⵆ૒♖`⳺࿛᪒὆Ҳᢞᶾᤊᢞᶳ᫊ᤒ ᶾᤊ὆↯῿`ᐞ▊Ӫ451ᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊ὢⵗᢞఊ૒ ©ƒƍƒſƊ á ÞƊƍƁſƊſƇƐ â ƑƒƎſƇƐ ß 읆 ÞſƑƑ ſƃƐ읆©ƑƒƂſƃƐ â ÞÎ à ſƑƑ ſƃƐ ß읆©ƑƒƂƅſƑ ß ƃƋƇƑƑƇƍƌ ©ƒƍƒſƊſƌƌ á ©ƒƍƒſƊ읆 ć ÐÓÒ with : Elocalair : local direct release rate air during episode [kg·d-1] Estpair : local indirect release to air from STP during episode [kg·d-1] Temission : Number of emission days equal to : Annual Use(kg·y-1)/Daily Use(kg·d-1) [d·y-1] Fassaer : fraction of the substance bound to aerosol [-] DEPstdaer : standard deposition flux of aerosol-bound compound at a source strength of 1 kg·d-1 (EU value : 1.00E-02) [mg·m-2·d-1] DEPstdgas : deposition flux of gaseous compounds as a function of Henry’s Law constant, at a source strength of 1 kg·d-1 (logHENRY ≤-2 → 0.0005, -2<logHENRY≤2 → 0.0004, logHENRY>2 → 0.0003) [mg·m-2·d-1] DEPtotal : total deposition flux during release episode [mg·m-2·d-1] DEPtotalann : annual average total deposition flux [mg·m-2·d-1] TG `[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶㅧᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ὢᤧ᥆ᶾᤊં૒Ἲ὆ᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ὢல▊ఊ૒ イᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊSFMFBTFFQJTPEF ேᴶ὆ᨆ⒢↮ᷛॻல ゥᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆ᷞ⮷‫↮׎‬ᷛॻல ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ၊ᕮ⤞ᐗᅆఊḒᷪጪ↶ἮᏪጪ၊⽚ᤋఊ૒ҲᢞἲỲⵢ૒ ἺἲϮ ⵊ૒ �G ᨆᣋ⣊Ҳ὆૮ⱊ`ὦ०▊⹆ҫἪ၊ᤊᏪጪ၊ᐗᅆఊὢ⺲Ḳῲⵊ⸪ⵗ ὢὪᶢࢆંѱἪ၊Ϯ ⵊ૒ ⾞՛↮`⮷Ϯᶾᤊᐗᅆ↮῾Ӫ०▊↮῾ᢚὢ὆ўᆚϮ⇕‫؞‬ഺጦᶾ⼆ ᐊWPMBUJMJ[BUJPO ᕲⵢEFHSBEBUJPO ⧢`TFEJNFOUBUJPO Ἦጢ᫊ఊ૒ ᨆ⒢ᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞἮ451၊ᕮ⤞ᨆ⒢၊὆ᐞ▊⽚ᤋᕮἎጪ↶၊ ὆⽏␗ ў೟ᨊ␖`ὦ૖Ҳᅪў♊૒ ⽚ᤋEJMVUJPO ӪᕮἎጪ↶TVTQFOEFENBUUFS ၊὆⽏␗BETPSQUJPO Ꮺጪᶾᤊ ՛↮`ॻலં૒Ἲ὆ᨆ᫋ᶾഞཪҲᢞఊ૒ ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐ á ƊƍƁſƊƃƄƄ ÞÎ â ¤ƎƑƓƑƎ읆¬®¬©ƕſƒƃƐ읆Î×à Ó ß읆¢¥®¢¨§ with : Clocaleff : concentration of the substance in the STP effluent [mg·l-1] Clocalinf : concentration in untreated wastewater [mg·l-1] Fstpwater : fraction of release directed to water by STP [-] Kpsusp : solids-water partitioning coefficient of suspended matter [l·kg-1] SUSPwater : concentration of suspended matter in the river [mg·l-1] DILUTION : dilution factor [-] Clocalwater : local concentration in surface during release episode [mg·l-1] TG `\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ Ϯẗⵊ ⽚ᤋEJMVUJPO ἲ ӎဒⵎ ഺ ᨆ⒢὆ Ἆྷ ᒮேἲ ӎဒⵢᵪ ⵆં୞ ᒮேЀϮẢ୞Ϯᾓ࢜ἮἎྷ෾ંUIQFSDFOUJMF ὢᶦ ࢆᢚẗఊ૒૖↮ ⮷‫׎‬Ἆྷᆺὢᴺဒ…ὶ૒ቢ⽚ᤋἲỲⵊἎྷἮ⮷‫׎‬Ἆྷ὆၊Ҳᢞఆᶢ ᵪⵊ૒↮῾ᒲ⪧ ⮷ϮϮ`ῶⵎഺંḲᒫⵊ⸪ⵗ⺲὆᫒ ὆⽚ᤋҲᨆ ંⵆ⒊὆ἎྷӪⵆᨆ⒆ᆚᾓ὆Ἆ▊᥻ல၊ᕮ⤞Ҳᢞⵎᨆὶ૒ ¥®§ƑƒƎ â ¥¨° ¢¥®¢¨§ á ć ¥®§ƑƒƎ with : DILUTION : dilution factor [-] EFFLUENTstp : effluent discharge rate of stp [l·d-1] FLOW : flow rate of the river [l·d-1] ϲ῿ὦϲ०▊Ӫ␖ள᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵢᷞ⮷‫ॻ׎‬லᅪҲᢞⵊ૒ ƃƋƇƑƑƇƍƌ ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐìſƌƌ á ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐ읆 ć ÐÓÒ with : Clocalwater : local concentration in surface during release episode [mg·l-1] Temission : Number of emission days equal to : Annual Use(kg·y-1)/Daily Use(kg·d-1) [d·y-1] Clocalwater,ann : annual average local concentration in surface water [mg·l-1] ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖᨆ⒢ॻல1&$SFHJPOBMXBUFS ં՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ᐞҫॻல၊ᢚẗ ఊ૒ഞཪᤊῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலḮ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ॻலᅪⵗᢞⵊ૒ ©ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐ á ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐ â ©ƐƃƅƇƍƌſƊƕſƒƃƐ ©ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐìſƌƌ á ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐìſƌƌ â ©ƐƃƅƇƍƌſƊƕſƒƃƐ with : Clocalwater : local concentration in surface during release episode [mg·l-1] Clocalwater,ann : annual average local concentration in surface water [mg·l-1] PECregionalwater : regional concentration in surface water [mg·l-1] PEClocalwater : predicted environmental concentration during episode [mg·l-1] PEClocalwater,ann : annual average predicted environmental concentration [mg·l-1] TG `]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶ΅⦎ᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ὢῶᶾᤊં૒Ἲ὆ᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ὢல▊ఊ૒ イᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊSFMFBTFFQJTPEF ேᴶ὆΅⦎↮ᷛॻல ᢶ၊ὢ♖ῲఊ΅⦎὆ॻலϮ΅⦎὆1&$၊Ҳᢞఆ‫؞‬ഺጦᶾᕮἎጪ↶὆ ⪧᤟ὢᢚẗఊ૒ᷢᷛⵇ`ᕲᐞ⮷⸃ἲϮ ⵆቢ΅⦎὆ॻலંᨆ⒢ॻலḮ ⮷⸃ἲὢლ૒ંϮ ἲὢẗⵆᷚἎலఎᨆὶ૒ᣋ⣊Ỳⵢ᤟⮷ϮᅪỲⵢ ΅⦎ᶾ૮ⵊ1&$MPDBMἮ΅⦎ᶾў⃪ⵆંᏦᣋጪ὆᷶☏ጢᷯⶓॻலḮᘲԾⵎ ᨆὶ૒ ¤ƑƓƑƎà ƕſƒƃƐ ©ƊƍƁſƊƑƃƂ á ć 읆©ƊƍƁſƊƕſƒƃƐ읆Î××× «¡¨ƑƓƑƎ with : PEClocalwater : concentration in surface water during release episode [mg·l-1] Kssusp-water : suspended matter – water partitioning coefficient [m3·m-3] RHOsusp : bulk density of suspended matter [kg·m-3] PEClocalsed : predicted environmental concentration in sediment [mg·kg-1] TG `^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ὢῶᶾᤊં૒Ἲ὆ᇒЊᒮᨆ೒ὢல▊ఊ૒ イॻҫ↮⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆՛↮`ॻல⪧ ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆⮷‫ ׎‬ ゥኗ⓶↮⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆՛↮`ॻல⪧ ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆⮷‫ ׎‬ ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆ ०▊⮷Ϯં Ἇ᢯ Ꮶᣋጪ὆ ०▊ ☏ቢᶾᤊ ⃿Ẃⵆ૒ ୂ ࢆᴲ Ϯॻҫ↮ᶾᤊ὆ॻ὿ጪἮὦϲὢ᥺ᘲᅪⵆӎኗ⓶↮ᶾᤊંӎ‫؞‬ḮẞἎᅪ ӣⵆંϮ▃ὢᐗኗఊ૒ഞཪᤊ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMἮాϮ↮ኗ`Ἢ၊ ᢚẗఊ૒ ⾞Ἇ᢯ᣋ⣊὆Ỳⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ ⾞ॻ὿ጪӪϮ▃᥺ᘲᅪ⦣ⵊϲ῿`ὦὦϲ०▊὆Ҳᢞ ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMἮ૒Ἲ὆Ḓᷪҫ၊ᅪϮ ⵆᷚҲᢞⵊ૒ ⾞૮‫؞‬၊ᕮ⤞὆Ѣ᫋Ӫ᪣᫋♖`ESZBOEXFUEFQPTJUJPO ⓶‫ॻ؞‬லὦ$TPJM ἮἎ࿫ᶾᤊં451὆᪚࿚↮ᅪॻ↮BHSJDVMUVSBMTPJM ᶾ ⹊ẗⵎ ഺᅪ ⃪၊ ӎဒⵆᎮ၊ ⵆᨆ᪚࿚↮ᅪ ⦣ⵊ ⹂ⵇጪ↶὆ Ἆέᶾ ὆ⵢ ⁺ẞఆ↮ᆺẞᆚࢆཪ὆ҫẞᶾંⷲᾚ᪚࿚↮ᅪॻ↮ᶾ⹊ẗⵆંѱἲӎဒ ⵆ↮ᴸἪᎮ၊⹂ⵇጪ↶὆⦎ᵿἪ၊὆↯῿`ὦἎέἮᐆᷯⵆ↮ᴸં૒ ƂƑƍƇƊ á à Ɖ 읆 ƑƍƇƊ Þ× ß â ſƇƐ ć Ƃƒ with : Dair : aerial deposition flux per kg of soil per day [mg·kg-1·d-1] t : Time [d] k : first order rate constant for removal from top soil [d-1] Csoil : concentration in soil [mg·kg-1] Csoil(0) : initial concentration in soil [mg·kg-1] TG `_G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ૮‫⳺`♖؞‬࿛᪒ં┋♖`⳺࿛᪒၊ᕮ⤞ல▊ⵊ૒ ©ƒƍƒſƊſƌƌ ſƇƐ á ć ©¡ƑƍƇƊ 읆 «¡¨ƑƍƇƊ with : DEPtotalann : annual average total deposition flux [mg·m-2·d-1] DEPTHsoil : mixing depth of soil [m] RHOsoil : bulk density of soil [kg·m-3] Dair : aerial deposition flux per kg of soil [mg·kg-1·d-1] ૧ⵢᷞல὆⓶‫ॻ؞‬லᅪᴺӎὶἲഺᴲ྆᫋ἲὢẗⵆ᫊ᷚϲᶾഞᅦ ॻலᅪҲᢞⵎᨆὶ૒ ſƇƐ ſƇƐ ƑƍƇƊ Þƒ ß á ć à ã ć à ƑƍƇƊ Þ× ßä읆ƃà Ɖƒ Ɖ Ɖ ⦎ᵿᶾᤊ὆՛↮`ॻலં⪧ ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆⮷‫ॻ׎‬ல၊ ὆ఊ૒5Ὢ ேᴶ὆⮷‫ॻ׎‬லં૒Ἲ᫋ ၊Ҳᢞⵊ૒ Î ƊƍƁſƊƑƍƇƊ á ć 읆 õ × ƑƍƇƊ Þƒ ß Ƃƒ ᫊ϲᕮ⤞5‫↮غ‬ᶾ૮ⵢỲ᫋ἲⱮቢὢ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ⮷‫ॻ׎‬லᅪỲⵊ ૒Ἲ὆╊⁳᫋ Ἢ၊ῲ⹆ఊ૒ ſƇƐ ſƇƐ ƛ Î ƙ ƊƍƁſƊƑƍƇƊ á ć â ć ƚƑƍƇƊ Þ× ß à ć ƞ읆 ãÎ à ƃà Ɖ ä Ɖ Ɖ Ɯ Ɖ Ɲ with : Dair : aerial deposition flux per kg of soil [mg·kg-1·d-1] T : averaging time [d] k : first order rate constant for removal from top soil [d-1] Cair(0) : initial concentration (after sludge application) [mg·kg-1] Clocalsoil : average concentration in soil over T days [mg·kg-1] TG ``G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ў᥻ல᢯ᨆ὆Ҳᢞ ῲ⒢ ў᥻ல᢯ᨆં૒Ἲ὆ᕮᕲἪ၊՚᤟ఆᶢὶ૒ ⾞ᣋጪⵇ`ᕲⵢ᢯ᨆ ⾞⦎ᵿᶾᤊ⼆ᐊ ⾞⦎ᵿᶾᤊ♖▊ ὢ࿚ⵊⳲ၊ᤦ᪒ᶾ૮ⵊЀ೒ἲᴶ૒ቢኖాⵗᢞⵢᤊῲ⒢ ў᢯ᨆᅪ Ҳᢞⵎᨆὶ૒ῲ⒢ ў᥻ல᢯ᨆં૒Ἲ὆ⵗᢞ᫋Ἢ၊Ҳᢞⵊ૒ Ɖ á ƉƔƍƊſƒ â Ɖ ƊƃſƁƆ â ƉƀƇƍƑƍƇƊ with : kvolat : kleach : kbiosoil k : first pseudo-first order rate constant for volatilization from soil [d-1] pseudo-first order rate constant for leaching from soil [d-1] : pseudo-first order rate constant for biodegradation in soil [d-1] order rate constant for removal from top soil [d-1] ⦎ᵿἪ၊ᕮ⤞૮‫؞‬၊὆⼆ᐊ᥻ல᢯ᨆં૒Ἲ᫋ ᅪ⦣ⵢҲᢞఊ૒ Î Î Î á â 읆©¡ƑƍƇƊ ć ƉƔƍƊſƒ ƉſƑƊſƇƐ Z ¤ſƇƐ à ƕſƒƃƐî¤ƑƍƇƊ à ƕſƒƃƐ ć ƉſƑƊƑƍƇƊ Þ ß XJUI kaslair : partial mass transfer coeff. at air-side of the air-soil interface [m·d-1] kaslsoil : partial mass transfer coeff. at soil-side of the air-soil interface [m·d-1] Kair-water : air-water equilibrium distribution constant [m3·m-3] Ksoil-water : soil-water partitioning coefficient [m3·m-3] DEPTHsoil : mixing depth of soil [m] kvolat : pseudo first-order rate constant for volatilization from soil [d-1] ⦎ᵿἪ၊ᕮ⤞♖▊᥻ல᢯ᨆં૒Ἲ᫋ ἲ⦣ⵢҲᢞఊ૒ ƇƌƄƑƍƇƊ 읆 «¢§Ɛſƒƃ Ɖ ƊƃſƁƆ á ć ¤ƑƍƇƊ à ƕſƒƃƐ 읆 ©¡ ƑƍƇƊ with : Finfsoil : fraction of rain water that infiltrates into soil [-] RAINrate : rate of wet precipitation [m·d-1] Ksoil-water : soil-water partitioning coefficient [m3·m-3] DEPTHsoil : mixing depth of soil [m] kleach : pseudo first-order rate constant for leaching from soil layer [d-1] TG XWWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ♖`ल↮᥻⺲ᶾ⓶‫ॻ؞‬ல὆Ҳᢞ ०▊ᶾ ὶᶢ ᫒ `ὦ ╊ᴳ὆ ҫẞXPSTUDBTF ၊ᤊ ल ேᴶ ♖`ὢ ᐊᣋⵊѱἪ၊Ϯ ⵊ૒5᫊ϲὢҫӪⵊ⺲૧ⵢᷞல὆⮷‫ॻ׎‬லᅪҲᢞⵆ ‫؞‬Ỳⵢᤊ૧ⵢᷞல὆⓶‫ॻ؞‬லϮẂ՚ఊ૒ लேᴶ↮᥻`ὦ♖`ᆺὶἲഺ὆ॻலં᫋ ἲ`ẗⵆᷚ⓶‫ॻ؞‬ லᅪἪ၊‫؞‬ϲἮलἲέဓⵆᷚҲᢞⵊ૒ ſƇƐ ſƇƐ ƂƃƎƑƍƇƊÎ× Þ× ß á ć à ć 읆 ƃà ÐÓÒ읆Î×읆Ɖ Ɖ Ɖ LGJSTUPSEFSSBUFDPOTUBOUGPSSFNPWBMGSPNUPQTPJM<E> ♖`Ἢ၊ὦⵊल⓶‫ॻ؞‬லંᴲ྆᫋ӪЇ૒ ƑƍƇƊ Î× Þ× ß á ƂƃƎƑƍƇƊÎ× Þ× ß ὢ࿚ⵊ⓶‫ॻ؞‬லં⪧ ‫؞‬ϲேᴶ὆⦎ᵿ⮷‫ॻ׎‬லᅪҲᢞⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ᫋ ὢᢚẗఎᨆὶ૒ TG XWXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 1&$MPDBMTPJM὆Ҳᢞ ⦎ᵿᶾᤊંϮ↮1&$MPDBMὢҲᢞఊ૒ⱊ <ⱊ>⦎ᵿᶾᤊҲᢞఆં⁳ᅆ὆1&$MPDBM Depth of soil compartment [m] Averagi ng time [days] PEClocalsoil 0.20 30 PEClocalagr.soil 0.20 180 PEClocalgrassland 0.10 180 Rate of sludge application -2 -1 [kgdwt·m ·year ] 0.0 (0.5 in EU) 0.0 (0.5 in EU) 0.0 (0.1 in EU) ῲ՛‫׊‬ኖॻலં՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ᐞҫॻல၊ᢚẗఊ૒ ©ƊƍƁſƊƑƍƇƊ á ƊƍƁſƊƑƍƇƊ â ©ƐƃƅƇƍƌſƊƌſƒƓƐſƊƑƍƇƊ with : Clocalsoil : Local concentration in soil [mg·kg-1] PECregionalnatural soil : regional concentration in natural soil [mg·kg-1] PEClocalsoil : predicted environmental conc. in soil [mg·kg-1] ⦎ᵿӣ‫ק‬ᨆ὆ॻலં૒Ἲ᫋ ἲ⦣ⵢҲᢞఊ૒ ©ƊƍƁſƊƑƍƇƊ 읆«¡¨ƑƍƇƊ ©ƊƍƁſƊƑƍƇƊìƎƍƐƃƕ á ć ¤ƑƍƇƊ à ƕſƒƃƐ 읆 Î××× with : PEClocalsoil : predicted environmental conc. in soil [mg·kg-1] Kssoil-water : soil-water partitioning coeffcient [m3·m-3] RHOsoil : bulk density of wet soil [kg·m-3] PEClocalsoil,porew : predicted environmental conc. in porewater [mg·l-1] TG XWYG T Endpoint terrestial ecosystem crops for human consumption grass for cattle ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ῶ↮ⵆᨆᶾᤊ὆1&$MPDBMҲᢞ ὢῶᶾᤊં૒Ἲ὆ᇒЊᒮᨆϮல▊ఊ૒ ↮ⵆᨆ὆ॻலં᫋ᨆᅪ⦣ⵊὦϲ὆ϲ῿०▊ἲỲⵢҲᢞఊ૒↮ⵆᨆ὆ ॻலᅪҲᢞⵆ‫؞‬Ỳⵢ⦎ᵿӣ‫ק‬὆ॻலϮᢚẗఊ૒ᷚ‫؞‬ᤊ⃪↮ⵎ῾Ἦ╊ᴳ὆ ᢯⣊XPSTUDBTF ᅪϮ ⵆંѱἪ၊⦎ᵿ‫ظ‬Ἦӡᶾᤊ὆ᒮ⹆Ӫ⽚ᤋἮጢ᫊ ⵊ૒ ©ƊƍƁſƊƅƐƕ á ©ƊƍƁſƊſƅƐíƑƍƇƊìƎƍƐƃƕ with : PEClocalagr.soil,porew : predicted environmental conc. in porewater [mg·l-1] PEClocalgrw : predicted environmental conc. in groundwater [mg·l-1] TG XWZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶ,PDЀ὆▂ ,PDЀἲኖᅪҫẞ,PXЀἪ၊ᕮ⤞▂ ⵎᨆὶ૒૒ᵿⵊ‫צ‬ყ὆⹂ⵇ ጪ↶ᶾ૮ⵊᷚ࿚ኖ⸃ὢЊᐊఆᶢὶ૒૮ᕮᕲӮҲϮ,PXᶾ‫ⵢ⓶؞‬ὶં୞ ᥺ᨆ᤟᢯⸦὿ẗὢᘲ‫᤟ק‬Ἆ‫ⵗ⹂؞‬ጪӪ⦎ᵿἎ‫؞‬⢲᥺ϲ὆ẞᤦⵊ᢯⸦὿ẗ ὢ‫؞‬ഺጦὢ૒⹂ⵇጪ↶‫צ‬ყᶾഞᅦ,PX,PDӮҲ᫋4BCMKJDFUBM ἲ ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ᶾࢆ⢮ࢢᶶ૒ ÎíÏÓ _ ¤ƍƕ×íÕÎ ¤ƍƁ á ć Î××× with : Kow : octanol-water partition coefficient [-] Koc : organic carbon-water partition coefficient [m3.kg-1] <ⱊ>24"34GPSTPJMBOETFEJNFOUTPSQUJPOGPSEJGGFSFOUDIFNJDBMDMBTTFT 4BCMKJDFUBM Chemical class Equation Predominantly hydrophobics ÎíÏÓ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÕÎ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Nonhydrophobics Î×íÑÔ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÒÏ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Phenols, anilines, benzonitriles, nitrobenzenes ÔíÖÑ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÓÐ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Acetanilides, carbamates, esters, phenylureas, phosphates, triazines, triazoles, uracils ÎÏíÐ× _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÑÔ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Alcohols, organic acids ÐíÎÓ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÑÔ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Acetanilides ÎÐíÎÕ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÑ× ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Alcohols ÐíÎÓ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÐÖ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Amides ÎÔíÔÕ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÐÐ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× TG XW[G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  Chemical class Equation Anilines Ôí×Õ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÓÏ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Carbamates ÎÐíÕ× _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÐÔ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Dinitroanilines ÕÐíÎÕ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÐÕ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Esters ÎÎíÏÏ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÑÖ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Nitrobenzenes ÐíÒÒ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÔÔ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Organic acids Ïí×Ö _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÓ× ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Phenols, benzonitriles ÎÏí×Ï _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÒÔ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Phenylureas ÎÎíÏÏ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÑÖ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Phosphates ÎÑíÔÖ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÑÖ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Triazines ÐÎíÓÏ _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÐ× ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× Triazoles ÏÒíÔ× _ ¤ ƍƕ ×íÑÔ ¤ ƍƁ á ć Î××× TG XW\G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ῶ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆FYDFMTIFFUᤒታ ኖ⸃ЊẂ ՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBMTDBMF ᶾᤊ὆ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊேᴶ὆ᇒ↶ᒲॻலҲᢞἮ 〽⹆ҫ ⃿ ᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ ኖ⸃YMT〾⫺Ὢ὆ 〽՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖMPDBM @ᐞ▊ᶾ ⴪᥺ೊ〾᫊⪦ᶾᤊὢზᶢ↲૒ ᵌᶾᤊᤒታⵊ⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞኖ⸃YMT⫺Ὢࢢ὆՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ MPDBM @ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ〾᫊⪦ᅪ Ṧⵊ ૒ᅦ ᫊⪦೒Ἦ ኖా ᷞҞఆᶢᤊ ῲ՛ ‫׊‬ኖSFHJPOBM TDBMF ὆ ૒ᇒ⒢ᶾᤊ ᢯ ᢯⣊TUFBEZTUBUF ᅪ Ϯ ⵶ἲ ഺ὆ ॻலᅪҲᢞⵆ↮ᆺὢ᫊⪦ં૒ᅦ᫊⪦ḮંᒲЊ၊ὢ᫊⪦ࢢᶾᤊᆺҲᢞὢ ὢზᶢ↮ӎ ՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖᶾᤊ ᢯᢯⣊Ϯ ᴲ઺ ᐞ▊ ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ ேᴶ὆ ॻல ҲᢞἲⵆѺఊ૒ ᨖҖ↲᫊⪦ᷢ‫؞‬ 〽⹆ҫ⃿᷶☏ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞኖ⸃YMT〾⫺Ὢἲᷞ૒὆ᨖҖ↲᫊⪦ ⹃ὦⵆ‫؞‬ḮЇἮᐗᒃἪ၊ᨖҖ↲᫊⪦ᅪᷢᨆὶ૒⹂ቢᴲ྆⊫᫊⪦ὢᅲ Ỳᶾᆶẞ᪒⛒ᤊᅪὢே᫊⢖⺲Ḓᅦ⊫ᑲ⪪ἲ⡢ᆛⵢᤊࢆḖቂ੢⃿〽ᨖ ‫〾᥺◖ ؞؞‬ᅪ ⡢ᆛⵊ૒ ᫊⪦ ኗ။ ⃿ 〽՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖMPDBM @ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ〾 ᫊⪦ᅪ⡢ᆛⵊ૒‫צ‬ᆪ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBM @ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ〾 ᫊⪦ TG XW]G T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ᫊⪦՚᤟ᏽᢚẗ὾έဓ 〽՛↮` ‫׊‬ኖMPDBM @ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ〾 ᫊⪦ં ⡚Ѻ *OQVU 0VUQVU %FGBVMU 4FUUJOHTᕮᕲἪ၊ࢆ৲ᶢ…ὶ૒ ᫊⪦Ỳ⊫ᶾỲ♆ⵆં*OQVU0VUQVUᕮᕲἮҲᢞἲỲⵢⴲẂⵊέဓЀἲ έဓⵆӎҞӪᅪ⹃ὦⵆંᕮᕲὦ୞〽⹆ҫ⃿ᐞ▊ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾᫊⪦ᶾ ῲᕮ⯚ⵖఆᶢὶἪᎮ၊*OQVU0VUQVUᕮᕲἮᨆ ⵎⴲẂϮᶴ૒ ᫊⪦ᴲ྆⊫ᶾỲ♆ⵆં%FGBVMU4FUUJOHTᕮᕲᶾં՛↮`‫׊‬ኖ὆ᐞ▊ᶾ ⴪᥺ೊேᴶ὆ॻலҲᢞἲⵆ‫؞‬ỲⵢⴲẂⵊኖ೎ᒮᨆ೒ὢỲ♆ⵆӎὶ૒ ‫צ‬ᆪ 〽⹆ҫ⃿ᐞ▊ॻல1&$ Ҳᢞ〾᫊⪦έဓ཮ᶾᶴંᇒЊᒮᨆ⃿ ᢚẗ὾Ϯ ⁮ ୂ Ꮽἲᆺⵊ Ѐἲ Ϯ…ᤊ ᨆ ⵆӎ ᫤Ἦ ᇒЊᒮᨆϮ ὶ૒ቢ %FGBVMU4FUUJOHTᕮᕲᶾᤊⵢ૧ᇒЊᒮᨆᅪ␬ᴲЀἲέဓⵆቢఊ૒ᢚẗ὾ ϮЀἲέဓⵎഺંⵆઆᢷἪ၊ⱊ᫊ఊVTFSJOQVUᷢᶾέဓⵢᵪⵊ૒VTFS JOQVUᷢᶾ έဓఊ ЀἮ EFGBVMU ᷢᶾ έဓఊ Ѐᓢ૒ ঀἮ ẞᤎᨊỲᅪ Ϯ↮ӎ Ҳᢞᶾὢẗఊ૒ⅷVTFSJOQVUᷢ὆᤮ὢᘲᶢὶ૒ቢEFGBVMUᷢ὆ЀὢҲ ᢞᶾὢẗఆ↮ᆺVTFSJOQVUᷢᶾЀὢέဓఆᶢὶ૒ቢEFGBVMUᷢЀ὆έဓ ᷚᕮḮӮҲᶴὢVTFSJOQVUЀὢҲᢞᶾὢẗఊ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>〽՛↮`‫׊‬ኖMPDBM @ᐞ▊ᶾ⴪᥺ೊ〾 ᫊⪦%FGBVMUTFUUJOHT TG XW^G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 7장. 하수처리시설(STP) ῶኖ⸃὆ᢚẗᐗᒃ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒᶾ ૮ⵊ ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᏽ ॻலᅪ ᢞ ⵆ‫ ؞‬Ỳⵊ ኖ⸃Ἦ ૒ᇒ⒢ ኖ⸃Ӫ ᷞҲⵆᷚ ᴲ྆ ‫צ‬ᆪӪ Їὢ ᶿ᤮␫Ἢ၊ ՚᤟ఊ έဓ ᕮᕲӪ ▊ဓ ᕮᕲἪ၊ࢆ৲ᶢ…՚᤟ఆᶢὶ૒ <‫צ‬ᆪ>ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ҲᢞἲỲⵊέဓᏽ▊ဓ G ૖Ҳⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢᏽጪ᤟ ᓢέဓ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ὆ ẗྷ ⒆ᆚྷ ᕮἎጪ ॻல ೟὆ ῲ⸃`ὦ ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢં ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ӪЇ૒ <ⱊ>‫؞‬ᓦέဓ ᓢ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒẗྷ(Capacity of the local STP) 1ὦ૧ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚྷ(Amount of wastewater per inhabitant) 1ὦ૧ίᷚ᪚࿚↮ྷ(Surplus sludge per inhabitant) ⮾ᨆ⃿ᕮἎጪॻல(Concentration susp. matter in influent) TG XW_G T ‫؞‬ᓦЀ [eq] -1 10,000 -1 [l.d .eq ] 200 -1 0.011 -1 [kg.d .eq ] -3 [kg.m ] 0.45 ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ᶾ ૮ⵊ ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢᅪ ‫⓶؞‬၊ ᴲ྆ ⱊḮ ЇἮ ᕲ὾ྷ ጪẗⵢல ḓ⢲Ḛጪ ᕲᐞҲᨆ ೟ἲέဓЀἪ၊ᣋᕲⵢ᥻ல᢯ᨆᅪҞ ⵆᷚᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ᘲ἖ἲᢞ ⵊ૒έဓᇒЊᒮᨆᅪ૒ᇒ⒢ўேኖ⸃ӪேὪ ⵆѺᢚẗϮઓⵆ૒ <ⱊ>ጪ᤟έဓ ᓢ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ ૮᢯ጪ↶ὢᅲ(Substance name) g.mol-1 ᕲ὾ྷ(Molecular weight) १ં῾(Melting point) ℃ ḓ⢲Ḛ /ጪᕲᐞҲᨆ(Octanol/water Partition coefficient, Kow) - ↋‫؞‬ᵃ(Vapor Pressure) Pa ↋‫؞‬ᵃ☏ Ḗல ℃ mg.L-1 ጪẗⵢல(Water Solubility) ጪẗⵢல☏ Ḗல ℃ Biodegradability ⤺᪒⪦ҞӪ - [‫צ‬ᆪ29] ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ(STP) ҲᢞἲỲⵊέဓᒮᨆ Ỳ<‫צ‬ᆪ>έဓ␫ӪЇὢⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ᶾ૮ⵊ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢᅪέဓ ⵆӎ૒ᇒ⒢ўேኖ⸃ӪேὪⵆѺᢚẗϮઓⵊέဓᒮᨆᅪ⹃ὦⵊ૒ TG XW`G T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ G ૖Ҳᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ᘲ἖ᐗ▊ॻலᏽᐞ▊ྷᢞ ᵌᶾᤊҞ ⵊⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ὆‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢᅪ‫⓶؞‬၊Ἆέఆંጪ↶὆ ⪧᤟ᶾഞཪ૒Ἲ<ⱊ>ḮЇὢᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊ᘲ἖ἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ <ⱊ>ᢞ ҞӪᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊Ҳᨆ ᇒЊᒮᨆ ૖Ỳ STPᶾᤊ૮‫؞‬၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ(fraction of release directed to air by STP) [-] STPᶾᤊᨆҲ၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ (fraction of release directed to effluent by STP) [-] STPᶾᤊ᪚࿚↮၊὆ᐞ▊Ҳᨆ(fraction of release directed to sludge by STP) [-] ᵌᶾᤊ Ҟ ⵊ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ὆ ‫؞‬ᓦ ᓢ ᏽ ᐞ▊ ᘲ἖ἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ᐗ▊ॻலᏽᐞ▊ྷἲᢞ ⵎᨆὶ૒ <ⱊ>ᢞ ҞӪᐗ▊᥻லᏽॻல ᇒЊᒮᨆ ↮ᷛSTP὆ⵆᨆᐗ▊᥻ல (Effluent discharge rate of local STP) ⒆ᆚఆ↮ᴸἮⵆᨆᶾᤊ὆ॻல(Concentration in untreated wastewater) ૖Ỳ [l.d-1] [mg.l-1] <‫צ‬ᆪ>451ᇒ⒢ᒲᐞ▊Ҳᨆᐗ▊᥻லᏽॻல ᢞ ҞӪ έဓ␫ᶾᤊ έဓఊ Ѐἲ ‫⃮؞‬Ἢ၊ ⵆᨆ⒆ᆚ᫊ᤒ451 ᶾᤊ὆ ᇒ⒢ᒲ ᐞ▊ Ҳᨆᏽᐗ▊᥻லᏽॻலᶾ૮ⵊᢞ ҞӪᅪ⹃ὦⵊ૒ TG XXWG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉  8장. 참고문헌 ՛ᆫ⹆ҫᷞ՚ẾࢢᕲᘲҲᾓᵎጪ↶὆⹆ҫ⃿ўேᷞ՚た ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾⵆ⒊⸦᥺⧢`ጪኖશ⤞ᆯ᫊ᒂᢚᶳ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ⹆ҫḒᷪጪ↶὆⦣ⵗ↲૖⮷Ϯᷞ՚だ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ⹂⮷ᒃ૮ᘲ⹂ⵇጪ↶ᴶῲ᤟⮷Ϯⵣ᫚‫؞‬ᨎЊᐊた ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ〿⹂ⵇጪ↶὆Ỳⵢ᤟ᶾӮⵊ὾Ⴚ぀὿᤟↮♖ ‫⺶⃪خ‬Ṧⵊ՛⦎ᵿἎ᫒ྷᏽ⦎ᵿἎ᫒Ỳⷆ↮ᷛᕲᤋⵊ՛ӣϲ ᓢ᫊᪒⥊ⵇ⹺ ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ୦ἲὢẗⵊῲ՛‫׊‬ኖ὆⹆ҫḒᷪ↮ல὿᤟ᏽḒᷪẾӮᆚ᫊᪒⥊՚▃ ᤊᷯୃṦⵊЃⵆ՚ᷛ῾␗᤟⧢`ጪ♖Ѓ᥻லḮ↮ᷫ`ӣϲ`ᒮ⹂ ⵊ՛ⵢᵿӣⵇ⹺ ᤊẦ૮ⵇԾ⹆ҫ૮ⵇẾல᫊ᢞϲ↮ᷛ὆⦣ⵗ⹆ҫӮᆚᅪỲⵊᨆẗ⒢⃿᫚὆ Ỳⵢலᕲᤋ᫊᪒⥊Њᐊ`ẗᷞ՚ ὢἒᴲ૒ᇒ⒢ኖ⸃,P&'51#5T ἲ⦣ⵊ૒ὢḓᫎᅆ⹂ⵗጪ὆՛Ϯ‫׊‬ኖ⹆ҫўே ⮷ϮᤊẦ૮ⵇԾ⹆ҫ૮ⵇẾᐃᢚⵇỲ४ጦ ᾓᷯᨆṦ)PM[XPSUIᐗᒃᶾ὆ⵊⵊ՛὆⸪ⵗӎ▂ ⵊ՛૮‫⹆؞‬ҫⵇ⹺ ↲ⷲṦⵊ՛ᢞᆪ⦎ᵿ὆ኖᵂᒲὢ⹂ⵇ`⪧᤟ⵊ՛ὲⵇ⹺↮ ⹆ҫᕮ⦎ᵿḒᷪỲⵢ᤟⮷Ϯ↮♖ TG XXXG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ ल⹆ҫᕮῲ՛ᨆ↶☏ ᇋ὾Ⴚ %BUBPG4UBUJTUJDT,PSFBIUUQLPTUBUHPLS (MPCP101ኖ⸃Ѐ⃿՛ⵊ՛Ὢᓦ↮ᷛ ҖẦ ᷚᅲ "OFSFBT#FZFS'SBOL8BOJB5PEE(PVJO%POBME.BDLBZBOE.JDIBFM.BUUIJFT 5FNQFSBUVSFEFQFOEFODFPGUIFDIBSBDUFSJTUJDUSBWFMEJTUBODF&45 "4BCMKJD)(잋TUFO)7FSIBBS+)FSNFOT24"3NPEFMMJOHPGTPJMTPSQUJPO *NQSPWFNFOUTBOETZTUFNBUJDTPGMPH,PDWTMPH,PXDPSSFMBUJPOT $IFNPTQIFSF� $ISJTUJBOTDIMFDIUSJFNFUBM%FUFSNJOBUJPOPGMJQJEDPOUFOUJOGJTITBNQMFTGSPN CJPBDDVNVMBUJPOTUVEJFTDPOUSJCVUJPOTUPUIFSFWJTJPOPGHVJEFMJOF0&$% $/4BXZFSBOE("3PIMJDI4FXBHF8PSLT+ %)#FOOFUU5.D,POF..BUUIJFT8&,BTUFOCFSH(FOFSBMGPSNVMBUJPOPG DIBSBDUFSJTUJDUSBWFMEJTUBODFGPSTFNJWPMBUJMFPSHBOJDDIFNJDBMTJOBNVMUJNFEJB FOWJSPONFOU&OWJSPONFOUBM4DJFODF5FDIOPMPHZ QQ� &$)"(VJEBODFPOJOGPSNBUJPOSFRVJSFNFOUTBOEDIFNJDBMTBGFUZBTTFTTNFOU $IBQUFS3&OWJSPONFOUBMFYQPTVSFFTUJNBUJPO &VSPQFBODIFNJDBMTCVSFBV5FDIOJDBMHVJEBODFEPDVNFOUPOSJTLBTTFTTNFOU '8FHNBOOFUBM*OGMVFODFPGWFHFUBUJPOPOUIFFOWJSPONFOUBMQBSUJUJPOJOHPG %%5JO5XPHMPWBMNVMUJNFEJBNPEFMT&45 )BSBME+(FZFSFUBM5IF3FMFWBODFPG"RVBUJD0SHBOJTNT-JQJEDPOUFOUUPUIF 5PYJDJUZPG-JQPQIJMJD$IFNJDBMT5PYJDJUZPG-JOEBOFUP%JGGFSFODF'JTI4QFDJFT TG XXYG T ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ 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だNPEFM$IFNPTQIFSF .BDLBZ%.VMUJNFEJBFOWJSPONFOUBMNPEFMT-FXJT$IFMTFB.* .BDLBZ%1BUFSTPO4BOE4IJV8:(FOFSJDNPEFMTGPSFWBMVBUJOHUIFSFHJPOBM GBUFPGDIFNJDBMT$IFNPTQIFSF 2;IBOH+$$SJUUFOEFO%4IPOOBSE+3.JIFMDJD%FWFMPQNFOUBOEFWBMVBUJPOPG BOFOWJSPONFOUBMNVMUJNFEJBGBUFNPEFM$)&.(-GPSUIF(SFBU-BLFTSFHJPO $IFNPTQIFSF 4DIXBS[FOCBDI31(TDIFOE1.BOE*NCPEFO%.&OWJSPONFOUBMPSHBOJD TG XXZG T G ⪵⦺ྜྷḩ᮹ ᭥⧕ᖒᨱ š⦽ ᯱഭ ᯲ᖒḡ⋉ DIFNJTUSZ/FX:PSL8JMFZ 7BOEF.FFOUFUBM4JNQMF#PYBOFTUFENVMUJNFEJBGBUFNPEFMGPSFWBMVBUJOH UIFFOWJSPONFOUBMGBUFPGDIFNJDBMT TG XX[G T 화학물질의 위해성에 관한 자료 작성지침 ㌏G ⤨G ⹆ҫѢЃᷞ՚ᕮ⹂ⵇጪ↶೟။⮷Ϯ⫮ ᤟␫⸦‫ⷲخ‬ҫాẗ‫׎‬ὢ⹂ Ḓ⃪ⷲ␖ⷲҫ ᴶ Ꮺὢ Ꮺ‫╊ ⴲخ‬ҫ⽚ ὦᦲलỂ ᐊ⵷लỂ ⮢ࢦὢ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾᾓ ⃪᥺ẞ ὦ⒊᫊ᤊ՚⹆ҫ၊⁳ⵗ⹆ҫᷞ՚૖↮ ՛ᆫ⹆ҫӪⵇẾ⹆ҫѢЃᷞ՚ᕮ⹂ⵇጪ↶೟။⮷Ϯ⫮ ῲ⹂ ⬗᪒

화학물질의 위해성에 관한 자료 작성지침

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