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Electrostatic Discharge
Sensitive Devices (ESD)
Handling Procedure STD
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ESD Handling Standard
Originated By: Scott Fischer
Initial Date: 09/01/09
Page: 1 of 8
Brenda Boone
APPROVAL:
Digitally signed by Brenda Boone
DN: cn=Brenda Boone, o=OPS, ou,
email=bboone@raydon.com, c=US
Date: 2009.09.21 07:43:48 -04'00'
Date
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Director, Production Operations
210 FENTRESS BLVD., DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114
PHONE (386) 267-2936 FAX (386) 271-2283
www.raydon.com
WS AS-4500-4001
Rev: A
As of: 09/18/2009
ESD Handling Standard
Originated By: Scott Fischer
Initial Date: 09/01/09
Page: 2 of 8
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Hardware Quality Personnel/Director
Material Control Personnel/Manager
Engineering Personnel/Manager
Shop Operations Manager/Supervisor
Production Test Personnel
Final Integration Assy Personnel/Manager
Raydon Server
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DISTRIBUTION
PURPOSE
The purpose of this procedure is to define minimum requirements for effective electrostatic
discharge (ESD) control. Adherence to this procedure will provide adequate protection for ESD
sensitive devices during handling and storages processes.
SCOPE
This procedure is written for the handling of any ESD sensitive device. All processing of an ESD
sensitive device or of a subassembly or assembly containing an ESD sensitive device must be
completed with the intent of providing maximum protection against electrostatic discharge. Even
though care must be exercised in the handling of the device, thought must be given to the actual
application of the ESD sensitive device.
REFERENCES
N/A
ACRONYMS

ESD-Electrostatic Discharge
DEFINITIONS
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Anti Static – Unable to drain a charge within a few minutes. Has low enough resistively (109 to
1014 ohms/sq) to resist formation of static charge when rubbed, but not capable of preventing the
build up of a voltage along or across the surface. (blue or pink bags, bubble wrap)
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) – A transient or rapid transfer of charge, between bodies at
different electrostatic potentials (voltages), either:
a) caused by direct contact,
b) by arc-over due to the items being close, or
c) induced by an electrostatic field.
Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESDS) – Susceptible to damage or destruction by
electrostatic discharge, usually from melting of a microscopic segment of semi-conductive
material.
ESDS Device (component, part) – Any component whose structure incorporates: (a) very thin
insulating layers between conductive materials, (b) very small junction areas, or (c) very thin
layers of a conductive material or any combination of these structures. This is inclusive of any
assembly containing such devices, although once installed in a container (or other appropriate
Faraday cage) slightly different handling procedures may be used.
ESDS Device Zone – An identified zone where there are exposed ESDS devices present. A
high level of static awareness should be maintained.
Electrostatic Field – An electric field developed between two items at different voltages.
Faraday Cage – A container in which ESDS devices are no longer considered sensitive.
210 FENTRESS BLVD., DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114
PHONE (386) 267-2936 FAX (386) 271-2283
www.raydon.com
WS AS-4500-4001
Rev: A
As of: 09/18/2009
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Insulator – Able to generate an electrostatic potential on its surface. Because of its high resistive
nature it requires very long periods of time to lose its charge. Resistivity for this material is
greater than 1014 ohms/sq.
Resistivity (Surface) – A measure of resistance across the surface of a conductive mat,
tabletop, floor, etc. The measurement is made in units of ohms/sq. What this means is for every
square piece of conductive material the electrical resistance from along one side to the opposite
side will measure the same no matter how big the square piece is, this the value of ohms/sq. The
lower the value of resistivity, the easier and quicker it is to drain away the static charge.
Static Conductive – Able to drain an electrostatic charge very rapidly, the range of resistivity for
this material is less than 105 ohms/sq. Because of its low resistivity it has a high current carrying
capacity.
Static Dissipative – Able to drain a charge in a few seconds to a few minutes. The range of
resistivity for this material is 105 ohms to 1015 ohms/sq. (i.e., most ESD mats)
Static Protective – Materials characterized by static-conductive and antistatic properties, provides
shielding from electrostatic fields, electrostatic discharge, and from frictional charge generation.
Static Safe – This is any material with resistivity less than 1014 ohms/sq. characterized by its
ability to not generate a charge, and (except for antistatic, above) can remove static charge from
conductive items (including employees). It creates an environment that has a lower risk of charge
build up within a Static Safe Perimeter. This is a general term including antistatic, static
dissipative, static conductive, static shielding, and static protective.
Static Safe Perimeter – A radius of 12 inches around an ESDS device that shall not have an
electric field that exceeds + 100 volts, as measured with an ESD field meter.
Static Shielding – Able to shield the product from direct contact with electrostatic discharge, and
from breakdowns caused by a near electrostatic field. Shields are conductive or have a
conductive layer buried inside.
Static Table Mat – A flexible work surface composed of vinyl or rubber with an added component
to allow static to drain from its surface to ground via a connected ground cord. There are 2 styles
of mats used at Static Safeguarded Work Stations:
a) Multi layered – with conductive middle layer, a dissipating top layer, and an insulating (or
dissipating in some models) bottom layer.
b) Single layered – Homogeneous – No conductive middle layer, rather the entire mat is uniformly
resistive.
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ESD Handling Standard
Originated By: Scott Fischer
Initial Date: 09/01/09
Page: 3 of 8
RECORDS
N/A
ATTACHMENTS
N/A
RESPONSIBILITIES
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All personnel who handle ESD sensitive parts and assemblies must be trained and certified in
ESDS handling techniques. Training and certification should be updated on an ‘as needed’ basis.
Each person should handle and protect the components according to this procedure. Each
person is responsible for the testing and maintenance of their Static Safe Work station. This will
include actual operation by testing to insure specification compliance. Application of this
procedure begins by receiving and ESDS item and is inclusive of all handling and storage
operations involving ESDS components through shipment of the assembly.
All lead operators, supervisors, or other personnel who directly oversee or manage individuals
who handle ESD sensitive parts and/or assemblies shall have ESD training. They will also
210 FENTRESS BLVD., DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114
PHONE (386) 267-2936 FAX (386) 271-2283
www.raydon.com
WS AS-4500-4001
Rev: A
As of: 09/18/2009
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ensure that ESD training is provided (for employees) and that a system is established for proper
handling and storage of ESD sensitive components. This is inclusive of maintaining a proper
workstation environment (i.e., handling equipment, tooling, etc.) to ensure minimum ESD
exposure.
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ESD Handling Standard
Originated By: Scott Fischer
Initial Date: 09/01/09
Page: 4 of 8
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Customers, Government representatives, or other non-Company personnel who have access to
any area within Raydon where ESD type components or assemblies may be present shall have
ESD training.
PROCEDURES
ESDS Identification
ESDS ID Requirements
All known ESDS devices or assemblies containing ESDS components shall be readily identified
and easily recognizable at every location. The following provisions need to be reviewed for
applicability and addressed as necessary:
a) identification of special packaging and labeling requirements for ESDS devices for
incorporation into purchase orders
b) assurance of vendor compliance with handling, packaging, and labeling requirements for
procured ESDS parts
c) necessary precautions to guarantee customer specifications are met (as a minimum) for
any customer supplied ESDS device
d) assurance of ESDS labeling and protective packaging for both stored and issued ESDS
devices within Raydon
e) flagging of special handling requirements for ESDS devices and assemblies on
manufacturing instructions (drawings/BOM). This shall include reference to this document
and at what point such designation (ESDS) can be removed.
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ESDS Device Designation
An ESDS device or component may reach a point during production where the assembled
components are no longer considered ESD sensitive. This is true when the device is enclosed in
a ‘Faraday Cage’ such as a sheet metal container. Once the device has reached this point, the
responsible individual may decide to change the ESDS designation or the handling procedures as
long as they do not violate contractual requirements. Once the device is installed in a Faraday
Cage, the container may be treated the same as any other container with the following
exceptions:
1-Whenever possible during the handling, testing, and storage of containers, the cover will
remain on the container to keep the device completely enclosed.
2-If a container has an ESDS device or component installed, no work will be completed on
the inside of the container without following standard ESD handling procedures, including the
workstation. Once it becomes an assembly the container may be treated as normal.
ESDS Device Handling Procedures
ESDS Device Handling
The handling procedures for ESDS devices have 2 basic requirements:
210 FENTRESS BLVD., DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114
PHONE (386) 267-2936 FAX (386) 271-2283
www.raydon.com
WS AS-4500-4001
Rev: A
As of: 09/18/2009
ESD Handling Standard
Originated By: Scott Fischer
Initial Date: 09/01/09
Page: 5 of 8
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These requirements are met with periodic checks and monitoring of static safeguarded
workstations.
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1 – Limiting electrostatic voltage near or between any parts of an ESDS device to +100 volts
2 – Dissipating charge on surfaces within the Static Safe Perimeter to a level of +100 volts or
less within 1 second.
ESDS devices include both discrete components (individual parts) and assemblies having these
components. Special handling procedures shall apply to:
- placement into and removal from the device package or container
- assembly, inspection, test, and rework
- preparation for transport between storage, handling, and working stations
Receiving Inspection Handling
When any item is received that indicates an ESDS device may be present, it shall have the
outside packing container inspected for damage or penetration. If any damage exists, notify the
shipping company, the shipment originator, and purchasing. The outside package will not be
unsealed unless the entire package is moved to the ESD Workstation and proper ESDS
precautions are observed. The sealed package may be kept in Material Control until needed for
testing or production.
ESDS Device Transportation
ESDS devices or assemblies shall be transported to the ESD Workstation using the unopened
container that the device was received in. If the device needs to be transported outside the ESD
Workstation area the device will be protected by either a full enclosure in a static shielding bag or
by being placed inside a container with a cover in place, the connector shall be protected.
Shipment of ESDS Device
When packaging an ESDS device for return shipment, keep it in the static shielding bag that it
was received in, unless the bag was damaged. Close the bag using staples or other suitable
method. The outside shipping container shall show that an ESDS device is contained within. For
ESDS devices or assemblies that are built into a container, the container will keep the device
properly protected, but care shall be taken to protect connector(s) pins and the container shall be
identified as containing an ESDS device.
Specific Handling Procedures
ESDS devices should be kept in contact with a grounded surface. Where grounded surface
contact cannot be maintained, keep the device’s contacts shorted together with static conductive
or dissipative material until ready for test, installation, etc. Once ESDS devices have been
installed, avoid touching exposed connector pins.
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Before handling ESDS devices, an individual shall remove static charge by first touching the
station’s ESD mat or other grounded point. Secondly, use a grounded wrist strap to maintain the
path of discharge.
While handling an ESDS device, always maintain static dissipation path for the device and
operator by continuous contact to ground using a grounded wrist strap. Although there are other
methods for grounding (i.e., heel straps, coat straps, etc.), the grounded wrist strap is the
preferred method for the processing of ESDS cards.
210 FENTRESS BLVD., DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114
PHONE (386) 267-2936 FAX (386) 271-2283
www.raydon.com
WS AS-4500-4001
Rev: A
As of: 09/18/2009
ESD Handling Standard
Originated By: Scott Fischer
Initial Date: 09/01/09
Page: 6 of 8
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Minimize physical handling of an ESDS device. Hold the device by its body without touching its
leads or contacts. Don’t slide the device against another surface. An ESDS device that has its
leads shorted in black foam or other shunting material shall be held until processing or testing
requires removal of the shunting material.
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Before installing or removing an ESDS device in the next higher assembly or test circuit, be sure
power to the circuit is off.
***WARNING: When working where 120 volts or more may be present, always remove
your wrist strap grounding cord and ESD coat before applying power. After turning off the
power, reattach to your grounding strap and coat before handling the ESDS assembly.
Low Humidity Operation
When the relative humidity drops below 30%, the following precautions must be taken:
 Stop handling the device until precautions are in place.
 If at any time the ground alarm sounds, the wrist straps will be checked. The wrist strap
must be rechecked if it is removed for any reason. If only the cord is removed, rechecking
is not necessary.
 Apply moisturizing lotion to wrists and hands as often as necessary. This will insure
proper grounding of wrist straps.
 Avoid static generating clothing such as polyesters, acrylics and wool. Cotton clothing is
the best choice.
 Maintain an awareness of proper ESD practices.
Static Safeguarded Work Station/Zone Requirements
Static Safeguarded Work Stations
Static Safeguarded Work Stations shall include:
 Resistive ground path(s) for electrostatic charge on conductive and dissipative objects,
including personnel;
 Static inhibiting surfaces for prevention of charge build up (i.e., anti static coatings or
materials);
 The ability to neutralize any charge build up from insulating materials or from normal
movement.
Basically, a properly grounded ESD mat with the connections for operator wrist straps along with
an isolated work are all that is required to set up a proper ESD work station. All Static
Safeguarded Work Stations shall be identified.
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ESDS Device Work Zone Requirement
Work zones that will be used for ESDS device processing will consist of the workstation
described above along with the immediate surrounding area. The immediate surrounding area is
defined as the table and shelf where the ESD mat is laying, the aisle normally used by the
operator when working at that table. The work zone shall include the following requirements:
1) Conspicuous identification to include an electrostatic sensitivity symbol.
2) Whenever there are unprotected ESDS device present (outside the original protective
bag and not within a Faraday cage), all personnel who will be in the work zone shall wear
properly connected wrist straps.
210 FENTRESS BLVD., DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114
PHONE (386) 267-2936 FAX (386) 271-2283
www.raydon.com
WS AS-4500-4001
Rev: A
As of: 09/18/2009
ESD Handling Standard
Originated By: Scott Fischer
Initial Date: 09/01/09
Page: 7 of 8
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ESDS Work Zone Operations
Personnel Grounding
For processes in which an operator stays at a fixed location and handles an ESDS device, an
electrical connection from operator to work surface (wrist strap to mat ground connection) is
required at all times. The resistance from the operator’s body surface to ground shall be between
1 megohm and 10 megohms. All personnel working within an ESDS Device Zone shall test their
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3) No ESDS device(s) shall be left unattended without first placing them within a protective
environment (i.e., return to protective bag, or as a minimum, completely cover the ESDS
device and any attached components with ESD wrap or bags).
wrist straps and grounding cords on a daily basis unless they are working with a continuous
monitoring ESD workstation. The first verification will be done at the beginning of the work period
within the ESD work zone. If the wrist strap is removed, it shall be rechecked before continuing
work. All personnel who will be in the work zone while work on an ESDS device is being
performed must have a properly functioning wrist strap (verified by testing or checking) and be
properly grounded to the ESD work mat prior to exposing any ESDS device(s). Visitors must not
borrow or use another person’s wrist strap without testing it at a wrist strap checker.
Prohibited Materials
High static generating materials must not be allowed in the ESD Work Zone when ESDS devices
are exposed. In general, this means that the following items shall be removed from the work
zone prior to removal of any ESD protection from ESDS device(s).
-remove all items that are not necessary to the specific ongoing process,
-items prohibited from the area during ESDS device exposure are:
a) untreated Styrofoam (cups, containers, sheets, packing and shipping materials)
b) regular bubble pack
c) cellophane or other food and snack wrappers
-certain parts necessary for production may need treatment with a topical anti static solution
to prevent (neutralize) their static generating potential including tooling, materials, part
holders, etc.
Equipment Grounding (Electrical)
All electrical equipment used in the processing of ESDS devices must have a connection directly
to ground unless the test setup needs a floating ground for proper measurement. Soldering irons,
test fixtures, or meters are some examples of this type of equipment.
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ESD Shielding Bags
The standard bag for all ESD protection shall be the ESD shielding bag. This bag is dark or silver
tinted, and is slightly see through. Any shielding bag shall be discarded if found to be damaged,
has holes larger than the diameter of a paper clip, or is determined to be worn or aged. The
presence of staples or staple holes does not necessarily degrade the bag, unless they are
present in quantities or the holes are large enough for component leads to easily penetrate.
When in doubt, replace.
Work Station and Equipment Calibration
Calibration of Work Station
Work stations that are equipped with monitored ESD stations do not require daily calibration as
they are constantly being monitored for ground continuity. The Manufacturing assembly and test
210 FENTRESS BLVD., DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114
PHONE (386) 267-2936 FAX (386) 271-2283
www.raydon.com
WS AS-4500-4001
Rev: A
As of: 09/18/2009
ESD Handling Standard
Originated By: Scott Fischer
Initial Date: 09/01/09
Page: 8 of 8
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Equipment Checks
Using the ohmmeter or DMM, measure the resistance from the tip of the soldering iron to the
ground prong of the power plug. The value must be less than 5 ohms. Check the resistance
from any other electrical device that will come close (within 2 inches) to ESDS devices, to the
ground prong of the power plug. The value must be less than 5 ohms. If any electrical
equipment has the ground prong removed, notify the supervisor for immediate replacement.
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areas are equipped with these style ESD stations. Traditional ESD workstations can be tested
using a DMM following the manufacturers’ instructions.
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Potential Damage
If an ESDS device is exposed to a significant field or discharge, the device might fail immediately
or have a latent failure. In the latter case, the device may function normally but for a shorter
lifetime. If an ESDS device is handled by an ungrounded person, that person will hold the device
in one hand and place the other hand on a conductive mat for 5 seconds to drain any built up
charge. The device will then be placed on the mat and the person will put on and test a wrist
strap before handling any ESDS device. The incident shall be brought to the attention of the area
supervisor. If an ESDS item has been exposed to a possibly damaging ESD field or environment,
bring it to the attention of the area supervisor or lead. Devices exposed to ESD threats need to
be evaluated for extent of damage and potential damage. Unless no possible threat exists, the
device shall not be used without customer approval or retesting, or the event must be clearly
documented to provide clear traceability for that particular device.
210 FENTRESS BLVD., DAYTONA BEACH, FL 32114
PHONE (386) 267-2936 FAX (386) 271-2283
www.raydon.com
WS AS-4500-4001
Rev: A
As of: 09/18/2009