HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Version B.11.11.16
Edition 7
HP-UX Systems
Manufacturing Part Number: 5991-4869
June 2006
United States
© Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P.
Legal Notices
The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty
statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as
constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or
omissions contained herein.
Printed in the United States
Confidential computer software. Valid license from HP required for possession, use or copying.
Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software
Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S.
Government under vendor’s standard commercial license.
2
1 HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
The information in this document applies to the release of HP C compiler, version B.11.11.16,
for the HP-UX 11i/11x operating system.
Chapter 1
3
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Announcement
Announcement
HP C is Hewlett-Packard’s version of the C programming language that is implemented on
HP Integrity systems. HP C/HP-UX is highly compatible with the C compiler implemented on
the HP 9000 Series 300/400 and CCS/C, Corporate Computer Systems C compiler for the HP
3000.
This document discusses the following topics:
•
"New Features in Version B.11.11.16" on page 5
•
“New Features in Version B.11.11.14” on page 9
•
“New Features in Version B.11.11.12” on page 11
•
“New Features in Version B.11.23.02” on page 12
•
“New Features in Version B.11.11.10” on page 13
•
“New Features in Version B.11.11.08” on page 14
•
“New Features in Version B.11.11.06” on page 19
•
“Documentation Overview” on page 21
•
“Installation Information” on page 25
•
“Problem Description and Fixes” on page 27
4
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
What’s in This Version
What’s in This Version
This section gives an overview of the new features introduced in this version of the HP C
compiler.
New Features in Version B.11.11.16
HP C compiler version B.11.11.16 supports the following new features:
The HP Code Advisor, a source code analysis tool
This release introduces a new tool, HP Code Advisor (cadvise) that enables programmers to
detect various programming errors in C and C++ source code. This tool helps you to identify
potential coding errors, porting issues, and security errors.
You can invoke this tool from /opt/cadvise/bin/cadvise in the command line. For more
information on how to use the various options in this tool, see the HP code Advisor Release
Notes.
The updated version of the HP Code Advisor is also available for free download at:
http://www.hp.com/go/cadvise
Complete Support for the __restrict (C99) Keyword
HP C version B.11.11.16 supports the array[__restrict] notation. Using __restrict as
array subscript enables the compiler to optimize based on the assumption that no element of
the array can be changed through another pointer.
Support for Unnamed Structs and Unions (MSVC and GCC)
This version of HP C provides enhanced support for unnamed structs and unions in the -Ae
compilation mode, which is currently the default compilation mode. The following example is
an illustration of unnamed unions syntax and usefulness:
enum Type {tp_none, tp_char, tp_int, tp_double};
struct Val {
enum Type tp;
union {
char c;
int i;
double d;
};
Chapter 1
5
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
What’s in This Version
};
void print_val(struct Val *valp){
switch (valp->tp) {
case tp_char:
printf("%c", valp->c);
case tp_int:
printf("%d", valp->i);
case tp_double:
printf("%lf", valp->d);
}
}
As can be seen, the members of an unnamed union can be accessed directly without the need
to specify a name for the union. This is very useful when specifying the union name with each
access of its members proves to be a syntactic overhead, without making the code any more
readable or comprehensible.
Unnamed structs have similar syntax and offer similar conveneince.
Support for UNIX 2003 Standard
The HP C drivers now support the UNIX 2003 standard on 11.31. If the environment variable
UNIX_STD is set to 2003, the HP C drivers automatically link in the appropriate support
object with the executable, provided it is present on the system. Linking in the UNIX 2003
support object enables the standard C library functions to provide behavior that conforms to
the UNIX 2003 standard.
Following are the UNIX 2003 configuration files present in the system:
/usr/lib/unix2003.o
(for 32-bit executables)
/usr/lib/pa20_64/unix2003.o
(for 64-bit executables)
The HP C compiler already supports the UNIX 1998 and 1995 standards.
Support for Flexible Array Members (C99)
This version of HP C supports flexible array members, which allow array structure members
with unspecified bounds. A flexible array member can be an element of a structure with one
or more named members, and can be used to access a variable-length object. It is declared
with an empty index.
Example:
struct Foo {
int a;
int b[];
};
6
/* A flexible array member.
*/
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
What’s in This Version
The following rules govern the flexible array members:
•
A flexible array member must be the last member of the structure.
•
The structure must contain at least one named member other than the flexible array
member.
•
A structure containing the flexible array member cannot be a member of another
structure or element of an array.
•
A structure containing, possibly recursively, a flexible array member, cannot be a member
of a union.
Flexible array members are more useful while reading records from the command-line and
retrieving information of variable length.
For example, consider the following code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct A {
int a;
int b[1];
};
int main() {
const int N = 10;
int i;
struct A* p = malloc(sizeof(struct A) +
sizeof(int) * (N - 1));
p->a = 100;
for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
p->b[i] = i;
printf("%d %d %d\n", p->a, p->b[0], p->b[N-1]);
return 0;
}
Following is the modified code using flexible array members:
struct A {
...
int b[];
};
int main() {
...
struct A* p = malloc(sizeof(struct A) +
Chapter 1
7
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
What’s in This Version
sizeof(int) * N);
...
}
8
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.14
New Features in Version B.11.11.14
HP C compiler version B.11.11.14 supports the following new features:
+Onolibcalls=func1[,func2,...] Option
Now a list of function names can be specified as arguments to the +Onolibcalls option. The
function names can be given after a '=' following the +Onolibcalls option. If multiple
function names need to be specified, they can be separated by commas as shown. There can be
no intervening spaces/blanks. Multiple functions can also be specified with multiple
+Onolibcalls options.
Presently, the arguments to +Onolibcalls= can be one or more of the millicode routines
memset, memcpy, abs, and modf. Any other argument will be ignored with a warning.
This new syntax of the +Onolibcalls option allows users to selectively disable the inlining of
the specified millicode routines. Previously, it was possible to either inline all the millicode
routines (using +Olibcalls) or to disable them all (using +Onolibcalls).
Support for Unnamed Aggregates
Starting with this release, HP C supports unnamed unions and structs called Unnamed
Aggregates (UA). Unnamed unions in C are the same as C++ anonymous unions. This feature
is available with the compiler option +unnamed_aggr. Here is a simple example:
struct S {
enum Kind k; /* enum Kind defined elsewhere */
union {
int i;
double d;
}; /* An unnamed union. */
};
int main()
{
int i = 0;
double d = 0.0;
Chapter 1
9
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.14
struct S s;
get_record(&s); /* function get_record() defined elsewhere */
switch (s.k) {
case kind_int:
i = s.i;
break;
case kind_real:
d = s.d;
break;
}
return 0;
}
In the above example, the members i and d of the unnamed union inside the struct S are
accessed directly as s.i and s.d, respectively.
New option -H to Print Include Files' Hierarchy
The -H option enables HPC to print the order and hierarchy of included files to stderr.
Syntax:
cc -H <file>
where <file> is a C program source file with one or more #include directives.
10
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.12
New Features in Version B.11.11.12
HP C compiler version B.11.11.12 supports the following new feature:
Debugging of Optimized Code (DOC) in 64-bit Mode
Now it is possible to debug code optimized at +O2 in 64-bit (wide) mode using HP C. Use the
compilation option -g +O2 +DD64 to achieve this.
Earlier, DOC was available only in 32-bit (narrow) mode.
Chapter 1
11
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.23.02
New Features in Version B.11.23.02
HP C version B.11.23.02 has no changes from version B.11.11.10, except for defect fixes.
12
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.10
New Features in Version B.11.11.10
HP C compiler version B.11.11.10 supports the following new features:
•
Function Inlining
•
+d Option
•
UNIX95 Feature
Function Inlining
Now function inlining happens at all optimization levels, by default. Functions that should be
inlined by the compiler need to be tagged with the __inline keyword in -Ae mode (inline, in
-AC99 mode).
+d Option
This option disables function inlining at optimization levels less than +O3. Refer to Function
Inlining for more information.
UNIX95 Feature
Previously, if a search directory specified for -I or -L did not exist or was invalid, the cc driver
would ignore it silently and the compilation would proceed. This is inappropriate, since an
incorrect alternate library or include directory specified on the command line to override a
system one will never be detected.
Now, on encountering a search directory on the command line, which, either does not exist or
has invalid permissions, an error is flagged and the compilation is aborted. This behavior is
applicable only in strict ANSI mode when either UNIX_STD=95 or UNIX_STD=98 or UNIX95=1
has been set in the environment and only when the compiler has been invoked as c89.
Chapter 1
13
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.08
New Features in Version B.11.11.08
HP C compiler version B.11.11.08 supports the following new features:
•
restrict Keyword
•
__typeof__ Operator
•
__restrict__ Keyword
•
__volatile__ Keyword
•
C99 Mode with -AC99 Option
•
+We[n1,n2,...,nN] Option to Flag Warnings as Errors
•
Non-Constant Initializers for Aggregates
•
—include <file> Option
•
+O[no]clone Option
•
+Olit=[all|const|none] Option
•
+O[no]memory[=malloc] Option
•
Assigned goto Feature
•
__label__ Feature to Locally Declare Labels
•
HPC_DEBUG_COMPAT Environment Variable
restrict Keyword
This is a C99 feature. The restrict keyword tells the optimizer that variables declared as
restrict cannot have aliases (using pointers). Thus the optimizer can do better alias analysis.
As of the current release, only the keyword is supported without any accompanying
optimizations.
__typeof__ Operator
A typeof-construct can be used anywhere a typedef name is used. For example, you can use it
in a declaration, in a cast, or inside of sizeof or __typeof__. __typeof__ is another way to
refer to the type of an expression.
This example declares y as an array of type of what x points to.
14
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.08
__typeof__ (*x) y[4];
This declares y as an array of pointers to characters:
__typeof__(__typeof__(char *)[4]) y;
__restrict__ Keyword
This keyword can be used to indicate to the optimizer that the associated variable declared
with this qualifier will not have aliases (using pointers). This will help in better code
optimization.
NOTE
__restrict__ qualifier can only be used with pointers.
Examples:
int a = 10;
int *__restrict__ b = &a;
__volatile__ Keyword
This is equivalent to the volatile keyword.
Usage:
__volatile__ int var;
C99 Mode with -AC99 Option
This option needs to be used in order to use the C99 specific features. For example, it enables
keywords like restrict, and typeof to be recognized. (Without this option, the keywords
__restrict__ and __typeof__ need to be used).
+We[n1,n2,...,nN] Option to Flag Warnings as Errors
Using this option causes the compiler warnings n1, n2, ..., nN to be converted into error
messages. If no numbers are specified, then most warnings, except a selected few, are
converted into errors.
Chapter 1
15
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.08
Non-Constant Initializers for Aggregates
Now it is possible to specify non-constant expressions as initializers in the initialization lists
of aggregates, such as arrays and structures. The expressions can be any valid C expressions,
such as arithmetic expressions involving variables, and even function calls.
Earlier it was only possible to specify constant expressions as initializers of aggregates.
Example usage:
int i, j;
/* ... */
int iarr[] = { i, j, i + j, i - j };
—include <file> Option
This option causes the compiler to insert <file> at the beginning of a set of translation units,
before processing the translation units.
Effectively, it executes implicit #include "<file>" directives for each -include <file>
option on the command line, before the very first line of each of the source files specified on the
command line. This is a GCC compatibility feature.
Example Usage:
$ cc [cc opts] [-include <file>]* [cc opts] <source file(s)>
where, [-include <file>]* stands for 0 or more -include <file> options.
All the -include options are processed in the order in which they are written.
+O[no]clone Option
This option allows the user to turn on[off] the cloning facility of the optimizer. Cloning is on by
default. It is mainly provided for users who may see a lot of cloning adversely affecting the
performance of their code.
If inlining is turned off, cloning is turned off by default. You cannot specify +Onoinline
+Oclone.
+Olit=[all|const|none] Option
The +Olit option specifies the type of data items placed in the read-only data section. It can
take the values all, const and none.
+Olit=all places all string variables and all const-qualified variables that do not require
load-time or run-time initialization in the read-only data section.
16
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.08
+Olit=const places all string literals appearing in a context where const char * is legal,
and all const-qualified variables that do not require load-time or run-time initialization in
the read-only data section.
If +Olit=none is specified, no constants are placed in the read-only data section.
+O[no]memory[=malloc] Option
This option enables[disables] memory optimizations. Specifying malloc in the list
enables[disables] optimizations which consolidate memory allocation procedure calls. This
option is disabled by default. It is incompatible with +OopenMP and +Oparallel, and is
ignored when these options are in effect.
Assigned goto Feature
Assigned goto is a gcc compatibility feature, to use labels as values. The address of a label
defined in the current function can be got using the unary operator &&. The value has type
void *.
For example:
void *ptr;
/* ... */
ptr = && label_foo;
To use these values, the user must be able to jump to one. This is done with the computed
goto statement(1), goto *EXP;. For example,
goto *ptr;
Any expression of type void * is allowed.
__label__ Feature to Locally Declare Labels
A local label is simply an identifier. You can jump to it with an ordinary goto statement, but
only from within the compound statement it belongs to.
The syntax for a local label is given below:
__label__ LABEL;
or
__label__ LABEL1, LABEL2, ...;
Chapter 1
17
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.08
HPC_DEBUG_COMPAT Environment Variable
HP C does not emit debug information for unused objects (structures, unions, and others)
anymore with the -g option. For getting the older behavior (emitting debug information for all
objects, irrespective of whether they are used in the program or not), the environment
variable HPC_DEBUG_COMPAT can be set in the environment along with the -g option in the
compilation command line. It suffices to define this environment variable to have an empty
string; it does not need to be set to any particular value.
18
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.06
New Features in Version B.11.11.06
HP C compiler version B.11.11.06 supports the following new features:
•
__FUNCTION__ Predefined Identifier
•
+ub Option
•
UTF-16 Character Support
•
-mt Option
__FUNCTION__ Predefined Identifier
__FUNCTION__ is a predefined pointer to char defined by the compiler, which points to the
name of the function as it appears in the source program.
NOTE
__FUNCTION__ is same as __func__ of C99.
The implementation of __FUNCTION__ adheres to C99 (as per 6.4.2.2 Predefined Identifies)
standards.
+ub Option
The +ub option treats unqualified char, short, int, long and long long bitfields as
unsigned. This option has no effect on signedness of enum bitfields or on signedness of
non-bitfield character.
UTF-16 Character Support
The current compiler supports only ASCII strings or characters (8 bit chars with no
transliteration) as UTF-16. UTF-16 is described in the Unicode Standard, version 3.0
[UNICODE]. The definitive reference is Annex Q of ISO/IEC 10646-1 [ISO-10646].
Any string or character which is preceded by u is recognized as a UTF-16 literal or character
and is stored as an unsigned short type.
Example:
Chapter 1
19
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
New Features in Version B.11.11.06
#define _UTF16(x) u##x
#define UTF16(y) _UTF16(#y)
typedef unsigned short utf16_t;
utf16_t *utf16_str = UTF16(y); // u”y”
int size = sizeof(u’t’); // size of 2 bytes
-mt Option
The new -mt option enables multi-threading capability without the need to set any other
flags, such as -l and -D. HP C compiler sets the appropriate flags as required.
•
-D_REENTRANT
•
-D_HPUX_SOURCE
•
-D__POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L
•
libpthread
Following macros are used to compile multi-thread source code:
•
_REENTRANT - Required by system header files that provide reentrant functions (suffixed
by _r).
•
_HPUX_SOURCE - Required by HP C system header files.
•
_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L - Required by pthread.
•
libpthread.* - Kernel thread library used on 11.x systems.
20
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Documentation Overview
Documentation Overview
The HP C/ANSI C compiler and related documentation is available for users of the HP C
Developer’s Bundle. This documentation is available both online, and in printed copy. Online
documentation is located at http://docs.hp.com, and is viewable using your any of the
available web browser.
The HP C documentation consists of:
•
HP C/HP-UX Release Notes
•
HP C/HP-UX Programmer’s Guide
•
HP C/HP-UX Reference Manual
•
HP-UX Floating Point Guide
•
HP C/HP-UX Online Help
•
C Compiler Documentation
•
HP C/HP-UX Release Notes
The HP C/HP-UX Release Notes provides release-specific information such as new feature
summaries, installation instructions, and known defects. In addition, the Release Notes
contains this documentation overview to help you orient yourself regarding available
documentation. The release notes are also available online in the text file in the directory:
/opt/ansic/newconfig/RelNotes/
Printed Documentation
Printed versions of Hewlett-Packard documents are available for ordering. Use the man
manuals command for details on the documents available for ordering. See also the HP
documentation web site http://docs.hp.com and the HP C/HP-UX web site at
http://www.hp.com/go/C.
Listed below are the documents most closely related to use of the ANSI C Compiler:
•
HP C/HP-UX Reference Manual
Provides reference material for HP C as implemented on HP 9000 systems. This
document is based on the ANSI C standard 9899-1990, and it discusses the
implementations and extensions unique to HP C on HP-UX. It does not replicate the
ANSI C standard and you are referred to the standard, for any finer points not covered.
•
HP C/HP-UX Programmer’s Guide
Chapter 1
21
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Documentation Overview
Contains a detailed discussion about selected C topics. Included are discussions of data
type sizes and alignment modes, comparisons between HP C and other languages, and
information on 64-bit programming, optimization, threads, and parallel processing.
•
HP-UX Floating-Point Guide
Describes how floating-point arithmetic is implemented and discusses how floating-point
behavior affects the programmer. It also provides reference information about the C and
Fortran math libraries.
•
HP C Online Help
The C compiler online help is a series of html files containing a combination of reference
and how-to information, including the following:
— What is HP C?
— Program organization
— Compiling & running HP C programs
— Optimizing HP C programs
— Parallel options & pragmas
— Data types & declarations
— Expressions & operators
— Statements
— Preprocessing directives
— Calling other languages
— Programming for portability
— Migrating C programs to HP-UX
— Error message descriptions
Before You Begin
Before you begin using HP C Online Help, you should review the following environment
variables.
You must set the DISPLAY environment variable to a (graphical mode) value that can
accommodate the display of an HTML browser. You may set the BROWSER environment
variable to point to the location of your HTML browser. If you do not set the BROWSER
environment variable, the compiler automatically runs the browser located in
/opt/ns-navgold/bin/netscape or /opt/ns-communicator/netscape.
22
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Documentation Overview
You may set the CROOTDIR environment variable to set the root directory of the online help
source. If CROOTDIR is not set, the URL of the online help will be
file:/opt/ansic/html/guide/${LOCALE}/c_index.html ; this is assuming that compiler
binaries are located in /opt/ansic/bin.
Accessing HP C Online Help
To access the online help, on a system where the HP C compiler is installed, enter the
following:
/opt/ansic/bin/cc +help
This command will launch a web browser, displaying the index file for the HP C online help
system. The actual file location of the html help is
file:/${CROOTDIR}/html/guide/${LOCALE}/c_index.html.
If the environment variable CROOTDIR is not set, path will be formed relative to the compiler’s
root directory; this is usually /opt/ansic. See for more information on setting the CROOTDIR
environment variable.
If the browser path set by the BROWSER environment variable does not exist, or if the default
browser paths /opt/ns-navgold/bin/netscape or /opt/ns-communicator/netscape do
not exist, a message is displayed telling you that the BROWSER environment variable must be
set properly.
X-Motif CDE Help is Obsolete
Previous versions of the HP C compiler, when installed on the X-Motif CDE environment,
included a CDE version of the online help. This and the accompanying text-based charhelp
will no longer be updated with the ANSI C compiler. If you want to view online help, please
use the HP C HTML Online Help.
Related Documentation
This documentation is available on the HP-UX 11.11 Instant Information CD-ROM and on
the web site http://docs.hp.com.
•
Parallel Programming Guide for HP-UX Systems
Describes efficient parallel programming techniques available using HP Fortran 90, HP
C, and HP aC++ on HP-UX. This document is also available online at
http://docs.hp.com.
•
HP-UX 64-bit Porting and Transition Guide
Chapter 1
23
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Documentation Overview
Describes the changes you need to make to compile, link, and run programs in 64-bit
mode. This document is also available online at http://docs.hp.com and in the Postscript
file /opt/ansic/newconfig/RelNotes/64bitTrans.bk.ps.
•
HP PA-RISC Compiler Optimization Technology White Paper
Describes the benefits of using optimization. This white paper is available online in the
PostScript file: /opt/langtools/newconfig/white_papers/optimize.ps.
•
HP-UX Linker and Libraries User’s Guide
Replaces the manual Programming on HP-UX. To access the HP Linker and Libraries
User’s Guide, use the ld +help command, or visit http://docs.hp.com.
•
HP Assembler Reference Manual
Describes the use of the Precision Architecture RISC (PA-RISC) Assembler on HP-UX
systems. Describes PA-RISC Assembler directives, pseudo-operations, and how to run the
Assembler on HP-UX.
This document is available at http://docs.hp.com/en/dev.html#Assembler.
•
HP-UX Reference Manual
The reference manual pages, or man pages, are available online (use the command man
man for more information), and are also available on the CD-ROM. You may also access
this manual online by visiting http://docs.hp.com.
•
HP-UX Software Transition Kit (STK)
Enables the application developer to easily transition software from HP-UX 10.x to either
the 32-bit or the 64-bit version of HP-UX 11.0. The kit is available free of charge on the
HP-UX 11.0 Application Release CD-ROM, or from the web at
http://www.hp.com/go/STK.
HP WDB Debugger Documentation
HP WDB is the HP-supported implementation of the GDB debugger. Refer to the README
file in the directory /opt/langtools/wdb/doc for information on the documentation provided
with the debugger. See also the web site http://www.hp.com/go/wdb.
24
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Installation Information
Installation Information
This section describes the contents of HP C/ANSI C Developer’s Bundle for HP-UX. This
includes the following topics:
•
Beginning Installation
•
HP C Developer’s Bundle Contents
•
Installed Compiler Paths
•
Transition Links
Beginning Installation
After loading HP-UX 11.x, you can install your HP C/ANSI C Developer’s Bundle. In addition
to the C compiler, it contains the HP-UX Developer’s Toolkit. To install your software, run the
SD-UX swinstall command (see swinstall (1M)). This invokes a user interface that leads
you through the installation.
After installing the HP C/ANSI C Developer’s Bundle, install the latest linker patch
(PHSS_23440) or its successor. This patch is required by the +objdebug option. Without this
patch, the option is ignored.
For more information about installation procedures and related issues, refer to Managing
HP-UX Software with SD-UX and other README, installation, and upgrade documentation
provided or described in your HP-UX operating system package. Most of this information is
also available on the web at http://docs.hp.com.
HP C Developer’s Bundle Contents
The following are the individual components of the HP C Developer’s Bundle:
•
timizer for HP Languages (1.12 Mb)
•
C-ANSI-C: HP C/ANSI C Compiler (13,604 Kb)
•
C-Analysis-Tools: C Language Analysis Tools (339 Kb)
•
C-Dev-Tools: C Language Development Tools (182 Kb)
•
DDE: Distributed Debugging Environment (27,737 Kb)
•
DebugPrg: Debugging Support Tools (97 Kb)
•
WDB: HP WDB Debugger (25 Mb)
Chapter 1
25
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Installation Information
•
AudioDevKit: HP Audio Developer Kit (479 Kb)
•
CDEDevKit: CDE Developer Kit (10,769 Kb)
•
ImagingDevKit: HP-UX Developer’s Toolkit - Imaging (2,216 Kb)
•
X11MotifDevKit: HP-UX Developer’s Tool465kit - X11, Motif, and Imake (25,629 Kb)
Be aware that, if you install all the packages, they occupy approximately 126 Mb of disk
space.
Installed Compiler Paths
Most files related to the HP C compiler are installed in the directories /opt/ansic and
/opt/langtools. The installation scripts add the following paths during the installation
process:
•
/opt/ansic/bin and /opt/langtools/bin to the login file /etc/PATH.
•
/opt/ansic/share/man/%L:/opt/ansic/share/man and
/opt/langtools/share/man/%L:/opt/langtools/share/man to the login file
/etc/MANPATH.
%L is replaced by the value of the LC_MESSAGES environment variable when the man
command is executed. It determines the language used for manpage searches. If
LC_MESSAGES is not set, %L defaults to null. See environ (5).
Transition Links
The HP C/ANSI C compiler installation package provides the capability to create and remove
transition links from previous HP-UX release locations to HP-UX release 11.x locations. The
HP C/ANSI C product installs the ISU transition link table specification files on the system.
The Software Distribution update tool tlinstall uses these files to install transition links
from previous HP-UX file and directory names to the corresponding HP-UX 11.x file and
directory names. To remove these transition links, use the update tool tlremove. For more
detail, read the update tools manpages. These tools are installed in /opt/upgrade/bin.
26
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Problem Description and Fixes
Problem Description and Fixes
This section details known defect fixes with accompanying CHART defect database numbers
(when available) and workarounds for the HP C/ANSI C compiler. This information is
provided by release version number, B.11.11.06.
Problems corrected in the final release of the HP C/ANSI C compiler will be referenced in the
Software Status Bulletin.
Users with support contracts may access these bulletins and patch information from the HP
Support Line database on the World Wide Web located at one of the following URLs:
•
http://us-support.external.hp.com/
•
http://europe-support.external.hp.com/
Enhancements and Defect Fixes
This section describes enhancements and defect fixes in the HP ANSI C compiler. Version
B.11.11.06 of the HP C/ANSI C compiler has the following enhancements/defects fixed:
•
JAGae13383: -mt option needed similar to aCC
•
JAGae20847: UTF-16 support for HP C compiler.
•
JAGae13389: Support for +ub option to make unqualified bit fields
unsigned by default.
•
JAGad96950: Support for OpenMP single pragma with clauses.
Workarounds
The following are workaround solutions to previous problems with the HP C/ANSI C
compiler:
•
+Onomoveflops should always be used with the +FPZ and +FPI floating point options.
+Onomoveflops prevents floating point instructions from being moved, and replaces
integer division by floating point multiply by the inverse.
•
If you intend to use GNU style variable argument macros in HP C, note that you can
make the concatenation operator ## prevent syntax errors from occurring when the
variable argument comes in as empty (the null string).
Chapter 1
27
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Problem Description and Fixes
However, you can also insert whitespace to the left of the left operand of ## to more
accurately specify the intended left operand.
For example, if you use
#define foo(f, s...) printf(f, s)
Then the macro call
foo(“Hello world.\n”);
results in the expansion
printf(“Hello world.\n”,);
(Note the comma ",") causing a syntax error.
GNU provides the following workaround for this kind of a situation. If you use:
#define foo(f, s...) printf(f, ## s)
If the variable parameter s is non-null, and if you use:
foo("%s %d\n", "Cycles", "1024");
The result is:
printf("%s %d\n", "Cycles", "1024");
as the expansion as you would expect.
However, if s is null, this erases the comma to the left of the ## in the macro definition
and resulting expansion is:
printf("Hello world.\n");
Note that the comma is removed.
In order to get the same behavior in HP C, you must insert a space to the left of the
comma to make it clear to the preprocessor that the comma is the left operand of the ##
operator. Thus your definition for the macro foo is:
#define foo(f, s...) printf(f , ## s)
^
(Note the space to the left of the ## operator in the macro definition.)
If the space is not inserted, the left operand of the ## operator is understood to be:
printf(f ,.
Because there is no parameter by that name for foo, it is erased.
When specifying declarations within code in the HP C/ANSI C compiler, do
28
Chapter 1
HP C/ANSI C Release Notes
Problem Description and Fixes
not expect the same behavior in HP aC++. For the example:
for(int i = 0; i < j; i ++) int i;
Note the lack of a new block opening for the for statement. The C++ compiler accepts this
form, with warnings, but the C compiler does not. The difference in the way the stack is
handled causes the difference in behavior.
Previously, the C compiler did not emit the source file information for the global typedefs.
To correct this, use -y option along with -g when debug info is generated. You can
generate debug information by compiling with +objdebug.
Chapter 1
29