a scientific dissent from darwinism
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A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM “We are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the complexity of life. Careful examination of the evidence for Darwinian theory should be encouraged.” Scientists listed by doctoral degree or position. Updated March 2004. Henry Schaefer Russell Carlson Director, Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Georgia University of Georgia Fred Sigworth Professor of Cellular & Molecular Physiology-Graduate School Yale University Michael Behe Alan Linton Professor of Biological Science Emeritus Professor of Bacteriology Lehigh University University of Bristol Dean Kenyon William Dembski Emeritus Professor of Biology Associate Research Professor in the Conceptual Foundations of Science San Francisco State University Baylor University David Chapman Senior Scientist Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Donald Ewert Bernard d'Abrera Ph.D. Microbiology Visiting Scholar, Department of Entomology University of Georgia British Museum (Natural History) Mae-Wan Ho Scott Minnich Ph.D. Biochemistry Professor, Dept of Microbiology, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Hong Kong University University of Idaho Fred Schroeder Ph.D. Marine Geology Columbia University Jeffrey Schwartz Ralph Seelke Assoc. Res. Psychiatrist, Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences Professor & Chair, Dept. of Biology & Earth Sciences University of California (Los Angeles) University of Wisconsin, Superior Giuseppe Sermonti Editor Rivista di Biologia/Biology Forum (Italy) Stanley Salthe David Snoke Emeritus Professor Biological Sciences Associate Professor of Physics & Astronomy Brooklyn College of the City University of New York University of Pittsburgh Frank Tipler James Tour Professor of Mathematical Physics Chao Professor of Chemistry Tulane University Rice University Pablo Yepes Research Associate Professor of Physics & Astronomy Rice University David Bolender Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy Medical College of Wisconsin A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—1 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG Leo Zacharski Professor of Medicine Dartmouth Medical School Michael Atchison Gary Achtemeier Professor of Biochemistry Ph.D. Meteorology University of Pennsylvania, Vet School Florida State University Joel Adams Neal Adrian Professor of Computer Science Ph.D. Microbiology Calvin College University of Oklahoma Moorad Alexanian Professor of Physics University of North Carolina, Wilmington Braxton Alfred Wesley Allen Emeritus Professor, Anthropology Professor of Computational Quantum Chemistry University of British Columbia University of Georgia Mark Apkarian Ph.D. Exercise Physiology University of New Mexico Joseph Atkinson Richard Austin Ph.D. Organic Chemistry Assoc. Prof. & Chair, Biology & Natural Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Piedmont College John Baumgardner George Bennett Ph.D. Geophysics & Space Physics Associate Professor of Chemistry University of California, Los Angeles Millikin University David Berlinski Ph.D. Philosophy Princeton University Phillip Bishop Gage Blackstone Professor of Kinesiology Doctor of Veterinary Medicine University of Alabama Texas A&M John Bloom Ph.D. Physics Cornell University René Boeré Raymond Bohlin Professor & Chair of Chemistry Ph.D. Molecular & Cell Biology University of Lethbridge University of Texas, Dallas William Bordeaux John Bordelon Chair, Department of Natural & Mathematical Science Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Huntington College Georgia Institute of Technology David Bossard Ph. D. Mathematics Dartmouth College David Bourell Walter Bradley Professor Mechanical Engineering Distinguished Professor of Engineering University of Texas (Austin) Baylor University John Brejda Ph.D. Agronomy University of Nebraska, Lincoln Rudolf Brits Frederick Brooks Ph.D. Nuclear Chemistry Kenan Professor of Computer Science University of Stellenbosch, South Africa University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Neil Broom Paul Brown Associate Professor, Chemical & Materials Engineering Assitant Professor of Environmental Studies University of Auckland Trinity Western University (Canada) John Brown Research Meteorologist National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration John Brumbaugh Nancy Bryson Emeritus Professor of Biological Sciences Associate Professor of Chemistry University of Nebraska (Lincoln) Mississippi University for Women Donald Calbreath Professor, Department of Chemistry Whitworth College John Cannon David Chambers Associate Research Fellow Physicist Abbott Laboratories Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—2 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG T. Timothy Chen Ph.D. Statistics University of Chicago Shing-Yan Chiu Gerald Chubb Professor of Physiology Associate Professor of Aerospace Engineering & Aviation University of Wisconsin, Madison Ohio State University John Cimbala Donald Clark Professor of Mechanical Engineering Ph.D. Physical Biochemistry Pennsylvania State University Louisiana State University Kieran Clements Assistant Professor, Natural Sciences Toccoa Falls College John Cogdell Leon Combs Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering Professor & Chair, Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Texas (Austin) Kennesaw State University Nicholas Comninellis Associate Professor of Community and Family Medicine University of Missouri-Kansas City Michael Covington Stephen Crouse Associate Director, Artificial Intelligence Center Professor of Kinesiology University of Georgia Texas A&M Cham Dallas Anne Dambricourt-Malasse Professor, Pharmaceutics & Biomedical Science Paleoanthropologist University of Georgia Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Prehistory Lab. Melody Davis Ph.D. Chemistry Princeton University Thomas Deahl Robert DeHaan Ph.D. Radiation Biology Ph.D. Human Development The University of Iowa University of Chicago Harold Delaney Professor of Psychology University of New Mexico Keith Delaplane Michael Delp Professor of Entomology Professor of Physiology University of Georgia Texas A&M University David DeWitt Gary Dilts Ph.D. Neuroscience Ph.D. Mathematical Physics Case Western University University of Colorado Robert DiSilvestro Ph.D. Biochemistry Texas A & M University Daniel Dix Allison Dobson Associate Professor of Mathematics Assistant Professor, Chemistry University of South Carolina Georgia Southern University Kenneth Dormer Ph.D. Biology & Physiology University of California (Los Angeles) John Doughty Jeanne Drisko Ph.D. Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering Clinical Assistant Professor of Alternative Medicine University of Arizona University of Kansas, School of Medicine Robert Eckel Seth Edwards Professor of Medicine, Physiology & Biophysics Associate Professor of Geology University of Colorado Health Sciences Center University of Texas (El Paso) Lee Eimers Professor of Physics & Mathematics Cedarville University Lee Ellmers P Daniel Ely Professor of Physics & Mathematics Professor, Biology Cedarville University University of Akron Thomas English Adjunct Professor of Physics & Engineering Palomar College Richard Erdlac Bruce Evans Ph.D. Structural Geology Ph.D. Neurobiology University of Texas (Austin) Emory University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—3 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG William Everson Ph.D. Human Physiology Penn State College of Medicine James Florence Margaret Flowers Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Professor of Biology East Tennessee State University Wells College Mark Foster Clarence Fouche Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Professor of Biology University of Minnesota Virginia Intermont College Joseph Francis Associate Professor of Biology Cedarville University Kenneth French Marvin Fritzler Chairman, Division of Natural Science Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Blinn College University of Calgary, Medical School Mark Fuller Ph.D. Microbiology University of California, Davis Daniel Galassini John Garth Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Ph.D. Physics Kansas State University University of Illinois (Champaign-Urbana) Ann Gauger Mark Geil Ph.D. Zoology Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering University of Washington Ohio State University Jim Gibson Ph.D. Biology Loma Linda University William Gilbert Warren Gilson Emeritus Professor of Biology Associate Professor, Dairy Science Simpson College University of Georgia Steven Gollmer Ph.D. Atmospheric Science Purdue University Chris Grace Richard Gunasekera Associate Professor of Psychology Ph.D. Biochemical Genetics Biola University Baylor University Graham Gutsche Dan Hale Emeritus Professor of Physics Professor of Animal Science U.S. Naval Academy Texas A&M University James Harbrecht Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology University of Kansas Medical Center James Harman William Harris Associate Chair, Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry Ph.D. Nutritional Biochemistry Texas Tech University University of Minnesota Paul Hausgen Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Walter Hearn Nolan Hertel Ph.D. Biochemistry Professor, Nuclear & Radiological Engineering University of Illinois Georgia Institute of Technology Roland Hirsch Dewey Hodges Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry Professor, Aerospace Engineering University of Michigan Georgia Institute of Technology Marko Horb Ph.D. Cell & Developmental Biology State University of New York Barton Houseman Cornelius Hunter Emeritus Professor of Chemistry Ph.D. Biophysics Goucher College University of Illinois Rodney Ice Principle Research Scientist, Nuclear & Radiological Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Muzaffar Iqbal David Ives Ph.D. Chemistry Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry University of Saskatchewan Ohio State University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—4 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG Amiel Jarstfer Associate Professor of Biology LeTourneau University Tony Jelsma Fred Johnson Ph.D. Biochemistry Ph.D. Pathology McMaster University Vanderbilt University Jerry Johnson Richard Johnson Ph.D. Pharmacology & Toxicology Professor of Chemistry Purdue University LeTourneau University David Johnson Associate Professor of Pharmacology & Toxicology Duquesne University Lawrence Johnston Robert Jones Emeritus Professor of Physics Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Idaho University of Texas-Pan America David Jones Professor of Biochemistry & Chair of Chemistry Grove City College Robert Kaita Edwin Karlow Ph.D. Nuclear Physics Chair, Department of Physics Rutgers University LaSierra University James Keener James Keesling Professor of Mathematics & Adjunct of Bioengineering Professor of Mathematics University of Utah University of Florida Douglas Keil Ph.D. Plasma Physics University of Wisconsin (Madison) Micheal Kelleher David Keller Ph.D. Biophysical Chemistry Associate Professor of Chemistry University of Ibadan University of New Mexico Rebecca Keller Research Professor, Department of Chemistry University of New Mexico Michael Kent Richard Kinch Ph.D. Materials Science Ph.D. Computer Science University of Minnesota Cornell University Bretta King R. Barry King Assistant Professor of Chemistry Prof. of Environmental Safety & Health Spelman College Albuquerque Technical Vocational Institute Michael Kinnaird Ph.D. Organic Chemistry University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) Donald Kobe Charles Koons Professor of Physics Ph.D. Organic Chemistry University of North Texas (Denton) University of Minnesota Carl Koval Full Professor, Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Colorado, Boulder Bruce Krogh Daniel Kuebler Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering Ph.D. Molecular & Cellular Biology Carnegie Mellon University University of California (Berkeley) Paul Kuld Heather Kuruvilla Associate Professor, Biological Science Ph.D. Biological Sciences Biola University State University of New York (Buffalo) Martin LaBar Ph. D. Genetics & Zoology University of Wisconsin (Madison) Teresa Larranaga Ronald Larson Ph.D. Pharmacology Professor and Chair of Chemical Engineering University of New Mexico University of Michigan Robert Lattimer Ph.D. Chemistry University of Kansas (Lawrence) M. Harold Laughlin George Lebo Professor & Chair, Department of Biomedical Sciences Associate Professor of Astronomy University of Missouri University of Florida A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—5 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG J.B. Lee Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Texas (Dallas) Matti Leisola E. Lennard Professor, Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering Sc. D. Surgical Infections & Immunology Helsinki University of Technology University of Cincinnati Lane Lester Catherine Lewis Ph.D. Genetics Ph.D. Geophysics Purdue University Colorado School of Mines Peter Line Ph.D. Neuroscience Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Theodor Liss Garrick Little Ph.D. Chemistry Ph.D. Organic Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Texas A & M Harry Lubansky Ph.D. Biological Chemistry University of Illinois (Chicago) Ken Ludema Jed Macosko Emeritus Professor of Mechanical Engineering Ph.D. Chemistry University of Michigan University of California (Berkeley) Christopher Macosko Allen Magnuson Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Ph. D. Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Princeton University University of New Hampshire Donald Mahan Professor of Animal Nutrition Ohio State University Robert Marks Julie Marshall Professor, Signal & Image Processing Ph.D. Chemistry University of Washington Texas Tech University David McClellan Assistant Professor of Family & Community Medicine Texas A&M University College of Medicine Andy McIntosh Tom McMullen Full Professor, Department of Thermodynamics Ph.D. History & Philosophy of Science University of Leeds Indiana University Tony Mega James Menart Ph.D. Biochemistry Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University Wright State University Angus Menuge Ph.D. Philosophy of Psychology University of Wisconsin-Madison J. Meredith Stephen Meyer Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering Ph.D. Philosophy of Science Georgia Institute of Technology Cambridge University Brian Miller Ph.D. Physics Duke University Gordon Mills Thomas Milner Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas, Medical Branch University of Texas, Austin Forrest Mims Paul Missel Atmospheric Researcher Ph.D. Physics Geronimo Creek Observatory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lennart Möller Professor, Center for Nutrition & Toxicology Karolinska Institute David Monson Terry Morrison Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry Ph.D. Chemistry Indiana University Syracuse University Terrance Murphy Professor of Chemistry Weill Cornell Medical College Ed Neeland Bijan Nemati Professor of Chemistry Ph.D. High Energy Physics Okanagan University University of Washington A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—6 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG David Ness Ph.D. Anthropology Temple University Paul Nesselroade Robert Newman Associate Professor of Psychology Ph.D. Astrophysics Simpson College Cornell University John Nichols Art Nitz Ph.D. Mathematics Ph.D. Anatomy & Neurobiology University of Tennessee University of Kentucky Scott Northrup Chair and Professor of Chemistry Tennessee Tech University William Notz Hugh Nutley Professor of Statistics Professor Emeritus of Physics & Engineering Ohio State University Seattle Pacific University Wesley Nyborg Emeritus Professor of Physics University of Vermont Dónal O'Mathúna John Omdahl Ph.D. Pharmacognosy Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Ohio State University University of New Mexico Rebecca Orr Lawrence Overzet Ph.D. Cell Biology Professor of Engineering & Computer Science University of Texas (Southwestern) University of Texas (Dallas) Philip Page Ph.D. Theoretical Particle Physics University of Oxford Siddarth Pandey Yongsoon Park Assistant Professor of Chemistry Ph.D. Nutritional Biochemistry New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Washington State University Janet Parker Professor of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University, Health Science Center Rafe Payne Russel Peak Ph.D. Biology Senior Researcher, Engineering Information Systems University of Nebraska Georgia Institute of Technology S. Pelletier Edward Peltzer Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Chemistry Ph.D. Oceanography University of Georgia, Athens University of California, San Diego (Scripps Institute) Todd Peterson Ph.D. Plant Physiology University of Rhode Island Rosalind Picard Carl Poppe Sc.D. Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Ph.D. Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Wisconsin Ernest Prabhakar Ph.D. Experimental Particle Physics California Institute of Technology David Prentice Pattle Pun Professor, Department of Life Sciences Professor of Biology Indiana State University Wheaton College William Purcell Georgia Purdom Ph.D. Physical Chemistry Ph.D. Molecular Genetics Princeton University Ohio State University Fazale Rana Ph.D. Chemistry Ohio University Paul Randolph Gerald A. Rau Ph.D. Mathematical Statistics Ph.D. Plant Breeding University of Minnesota Cornell University David Reed Ph.D Entomology University of California (Riverside) Patricia Reiff Dan Reynolds Director, Rice Space Institute Ph.D. Organic Chemistry Rice University University of Texas (Austin) A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—7 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG Terry Rickard Ph.D. Engineering Physics University of California (San Diego) Eliot Roberts Quinton Rogers Ph.D. Soil Chemistry Prof. of Physiological Chemistry, Dept. of Molecular Biosciences Rutgers University Univ. of California (Davis), School of Vet. Medicine David Rogstad Daniel Romo Ph.D. Physics Professor of Chemistry California Institute of Technology Texas A&M University David Sabatini Professor Civil Engineering & Environmental Science University of Oklahoma Theodore Saito Thomas Saleska Ph.D. Physics Professor of Biology Pennsylvania State University Concordia University Fernando Saravi Professor, Department of Morphology and Physiology Med. Sciences School, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Phillip Savage Dale Schaefer Professor of Chemical Engineering Professor, Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan University of Cincinnati Siegfried Scherer Norman Schmidt Professor of Microbial Ecology Associate Professor of Chemistry Technische Universität München Georgia Southern University Andrew Schmitz Ph.D. Inorganic Chemistry University of Iowa Granville Sewell Stephen Sewell Professor of Mathematics Assistant Professor of Family Medicine University of Texas (El Paso) Texas A&M Gregory Shearer Ph.D. Physiology University of California (Davis) David Shormann Arnold Sikkema Ph.D. Limnology Associate Professor of Physics Texas A&M University Dordt College John Silvius Philip Skell Ph.D. Plant Physiology Emeritus, Evan Pugh Professor of Chemistry West Virginia University Pennsylvania State University Fred Skiff Professor of Physics University of Iowa Ken Smith Robert Smith Professor of Mathematics Professor of Chemistry Central Michigan University University of Nebraska, Omaha Wolfgang Smith Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Oregon State University Dale Spence John Stamper Emeritus Professor of Kinesiology Research Physicist Rice University Naval Research Laboratory Timothy Standish Walt Stangl Ph.D. Environmental Biology Associate Professor of Mathematics George Mason University Biola University Karl Stephan Associate Professor, Dept. of Technology Texas State University (San Marcos) Richard Sternberg Michael Strauss Ph.D. Molecular Biology Associate Professor of Physics Florida International University University of Oklahoma John Studenroth Ph.D. Plant Pathology Cornell University Mark Swanson James Swanson Ph.D. Biochemistry Professor of Biological Sciences University of Illinois Old Dominion University A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—8 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG Bela Szilagyi Ph.D. Physics University of Pittsburgh Daniel Tedder Charles Thaxton Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering Ph.D. Physical Chemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Iowa State University Christopher L. Thomas Pavithran Thomas Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering University of South Carolina Ohio State University Richard Thompson Ph.D. Computer Science University of Connecticut James Thompson Ide Trotter Professor of Statistics Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Rice University Princeton University Royal Truman Ph.D. Organic Chemistry Michigan State University James Tumlin David Van Dyke Associate Professor of Medicine Ph.D. Analytical Chemistry Emory University University of Illinois (Urbana) Robert VanderVennen Vincente Villa Ph.D. Physical Chemistry Emeritus Professor of Biology Michigan State University Southwestern University Margil Wadley Ph.D. Inorganic Chemistry Purdue University Carston Wagner Linda Walkup Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry Ph.D. Molecular Genetics University of Minnesota University of New Mexico Medical School John Walkup Emeritus Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering Texas Tech University Robert Waltzer Todd Watson Associate Professor of Biology Assistant Professor of Urban & Community Forestry Belhaven College Texas A & M University Woody Weed Gerald Wegner Mechanical Engineer, Science & Technology Division Ph.D. Entomology Sandia National Labs Loyola University Jonathan Wells Ph.D. Molecular & Cell Biology University of California (Berkeley) Robert Wentworth R. P. Wharton Ph.D. Toxicology Ph.D. Electrical Engineering University of Georgia Georgia Institute of Technology Elden Whipple Affiliate Professor of Earth & Space Sciences University of Washington Mark White Gregg Wilkerson Professor of Chemical Engineering Ph.D. Geologic Science Georgia Institute of Technology University of Texas (El Paso) Christopher Williams J. Mitch Wolff Ph.D. Biochemistry Professor of Mechanical Engineering Ohio State University Wright State University John Worraker Ph.D. Applied Mathematics University of Bristol Alexander Yankovsky Patrick Young Assistant Professor of Physical Oceanography Ph.D. Chemistry Nova Southeastern University Ohio University David Zartman Ph.D. Genetics & Animal Breeding Ohio State University Henry Zuill Emeritus Professor of Biology Union College A SCIENTIFIC DISSENT FROM DARWINISM—9 WWW.DISCOVERY.ORG