Dr.Ing. Program “Multiphase Transport”
Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk
Ole.J.Nydal@ntnu.no
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NFR project 144036/211 (KMB)
Participants (2003)
– NFR, Shell, Statoil, Total
– NTNU, Dept. Energy and Process Engineering
– Laboratories at IFE and SINTEF
Initially 4 doctorals, currently 6
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Research challenges in multiphase transport
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Computational tools
– Flow capacity of pipelines; pressure drop and holdup
– Dynamics: Unstable flow, transient operations
Fluid related effects
– Solid deposits (gas hydrates, wax, scale, sand) and corrosion
Equipment
Stigerør
– Separation, boosting, metering, control
Transport
ledninger
Brønner
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Computational tools: Background
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Successful Norwegian R&D on computational tools:
– SINTEF: Two Phase Flow Laboratory established in 1983
– IFE: Transient flow model 1980: OLGA prototype
– A series of collaboration projects has resulted in OLGA
becoming international industry standard for transient
simulations.
Commercialized by Scandpower
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Further tendencies:
– Towards 3D simulation
– Integrated flow assurance models:
wells / pipe networks / fluid / process / control
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
PhD program: Objectives
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Provide candidates with expert knowledge on multiphase pipe flow
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Provide results which are relevant and useful for the industry
– Experimental data for model verification
– Flow models which can be implemented in industrial
simulators
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Make use of multiphase flow laboratories at SINTEF and IFE for
fundamental studies
– Communication between multiphase laboratories
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Organization
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Coordinator: Ole Jørgen Nydal
Open ended structure: Companies participate with PhD candidates
NFR: candidates or support for extended experimental work
2 meetings/year (often at company offices)
All multiphase activities are reported into the program (20 persons 2003)
– Doctorals, Post.Doc. students, visitors
2001
Person
Olav Kristiansen
Transition
Trygve Wangensteen
Model
Monika Johansen
Slug flow
George W. Johnson
Waves
Fabien Renault
Initiation
Jørn Kjølaas
Plug
NFR project
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
2002
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2005
Activities
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Important with a combination of experiments and modeling
Experiments
– SINTEF , IFE laboratories can provide data for model tuning
– NTNU lab can provide data on transients
Flow modelling
– Mathematical formulation
– Numerical methods
– Methods of implementation
Current focus on transient aspects
– Gas-oil-water flows
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Flerfase laboratorier i Trondheim
Mellomstor loop
SINTEF
Stor loop SINTEF
Mikro loop (CO2)
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Mini loop til forelesninger
Liten loop EPT
Multiphase flow laboratory
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Flow of oil-water-air mixtures in pipes
• Flow regimes
• Pressure drop and phase fractions
• Transients: Unstable flows, pigging, riser slugging
Mini-loop for demonstration / education
NetLab: Internet access to laboratory
• Remote demonstrations, flow studies, courses
Oil-water-air, atmospheric pressure
3, 6 cm. I.D., 14 m length, +- 15 deg.
6 m high, L- and S shaped
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More information
http://www.ept.ntnu.no/Multiphase
Ole Jørgen Nydal, NTNU
Tlf: 73550564
Fax: 73593859
Ole.J.Nydal@ntnu.no
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Liquid flows 0.02 - 2 m/s
Air 0.5 – 30 m/s
Pigging, gas lift, reservoir inlet
Instrumentation: Flow rates,
pressure drop, holdup
Manual and automated control
Student laboratory NTNU
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
NetLab
Multiphase flow laboratory on internet
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Operate multiphase flow laboratory from
internet
• Control video camera
• Control pumps and valves
• Monitor flow in pipe
• Record flow rates, pressure and holdup
Remote access applications
• Demonstrations
• Courses
• Flow studies
Flow examples
• Flow of gas-liquid, oil-water, gas-oilwater
• Flow regimes
• Transients
Collaboration
• Cyberlab A/S
• HiST
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Examples on experiments
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Two and three phase flow in S-shaped riser. Stability maps and
slug characteristics
Pigging in S-riser and straight pipe: start-up and flowing conditions
V-shaped geometry: Stop-restart experiments
Stratified-slug transition: hysteresis and effect of pressure
Low liquid loading experiments: three phase flow
Flow with vanishing liquid on the wall: horizontal and vertical
Rising bubbles in large diameter vertical pipes (20, 40 cm)
Bubble velocity in oil-water flow
Oil-water flow in undulating pipes
Oil-water flow in gas lifted wells: flow instabilities
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Multiphase Transport: Research tasks
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Olav: Effect of pressure on the transition to slug flow
(SINTEF lab)
– Field problem: occurrence of initial large slug
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Fabien: Transition models
– Flow regime transition criteria, slug initiation modeling
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Monika: Experiments on three phase slug flow
– Bubble propagation in oil-water systems
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Trygve: Three phase flow models
– Slug tracking with water
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George: Transitional regime between stratified and slug flow
– Experiments and flow modeling
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Jørn: Pipeline plugged with gas hydrates
– Computational methods for hydrate plug dynamics
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Transient pipe flow modelling
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All regimes can be present in a pipeline
– Both compressible and incompressible flows
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Classical modelling
– Pipeline divided into numerical grid
– Conservation equations solved with specific closure laws for each
regime (two fluid or drift flux formulation)
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Slug tracking modelling
– Pipeline divided into parts with liquid (slugs) and gas (bubbles)
– Incompressible models for liquid parts
– Compressible models for gas parts
– Object oriented implementation
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Control volumes
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General model: Slug capture if grid is much smaller than slugs
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OLGA: Sub grid tracking
P, H
P, H
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Petra: Adaptiv and moving grid on front
P, H
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Um
P, H
Ug,Ul
Sluggit: Grid = slugs and bubbles
P, H
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim
Ul
P, H
Terrain slugging in S-riser
Inlet pressure
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P (b a r)
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G eo metry used in the com putations
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G eo metry of the experimental loop
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Holdup probe trace at the end of the first riser
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Holdup probe trace at the outlet
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Pressure drop in the first pipe
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Experiments
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Inlet pressure
P (Pa)
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Holdup at the end of the first riser
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Holdup at the outlet
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Slug
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OG seminar 10-11 March 2004,
Trondheim
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simulations
Conclusion
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A PhD project on Multiphase Transport has been established,
with important support from NFR
The project has grown 50% during the project period
The project extends beyond the NFR project period, as long as
it maintains industry interest
The project supplies the industry with
– Experts within multiphase transport
– Support for model improvements: Experimental data and
prototype flow models
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Further development of the program
– Incorporate other aspects of flow assurance
OG seminar 10-11 March 2004, Trondheim