M i
Maximum
Efficiency
Effi i
&
Maximum Protection
UPS Topologies
Alan French
Manager Technical Relations
Manager,
Emerson Network Power
Liebert AC Power
March 25, 2014
1
Agenda
 Data Center Surveys
□ Maximum Protection and Maximum Efficiency Architectures
 Maximum Protection UPS Systems
□ Liebert NXL UPS Systems
□ Efficiency, Energy Savings Modes, Parallel Systems Configurations
 Maximum Efficiency UPS Systems
□ Liebert eXL and Liebert NX UPS Systems
□ Efficiency,
y Energy
gy Savings
g Modes, Parallel System
y
Configurations
g
 Emerging High Density Distribution
g Availability
y Data Center Power Architectures
 High
 UPS DC Energy Storage Technology Update
 Rapid Deployment Solutions
2
National Survey on
Data Center Outages
Have you experienced an unplanned data
g in the past
p
center outage
24 months?
Ponemon Institute Research Report
Sponsored by Emerson Network Power
Top root causes of unplanned outages:
Average cost was
$690,204 for the 67 data
centers analyzed.
Average of 86 minutes
off partial
ti l or total
t t l
shutdown.
Extrapolated frequency of data
centerges over two years:
3
DCUG Fall
Fall--2013 Survey Results
What are your top facility and network concerns?
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
44%
Energy (energy
Efficiency
(energy
& equip)…
Energy efficiency
costs
& equipment
Adequate monitoring / data center…
Heat density (cooling)
Po er density
Power
densit
Space constraints / growth
Security (physical or virtual)
Technology changes / change management
Data storage
Regulatory compliance
Other
O
e
Fall 2013
60%
48%
43%
46%
41%
46%
Availability (uptime)
Data center consolidations
50%
27%
24%
15%
19%
23%
17%
17%
16%
21%
14%
10%
9%
7%
2%
4%
36%
35%
34%
Energy
Efficiency
without
Compromising
Availability:
y
A High Priority
Concern
Fall 2012
4
The Current UPS Market
Market…
AVAILABILITY
Expectations / Demands:

Protect against anything that could
interrupt
p p
power to the critical load

Burn-to-the-ground performance –
Sacrifice itself to keep power on

Highest reliability / Mean Time
Between Failure (MTBF) and easy to
maintain with fast Mean Time To
Repair (MTTR)

High Short Circuit Current Ratings
(SCCR), withstand and bracing,
yielding High Amps Interrupt Current
rating (AIC)

Rugged output short circuit / bolted
fault capability, and the ability to start
a PDU from inverter

Complete and total electrical topology
and battery isolation
(input/output isolation transformers)
Maximum Protection
EFFICIENCY
Expectations / Demands:

Lowest possible first cost

Highest possible dual-conversion
efficiency and energy savings
modes (AC-to-AC)

Smallest footprint with high power
density

Scalable Architecture / Capacity
on Demand

Add redundancy to the system
architecture to offset vulnerabilities
Maximum Efficiency
5
Emerson Network Power
Max Protection and Max Efficiency UPS
500,
625, 750
750, 800
800, 1100kVA
500 625
Liebert NXL
250, 300, 400kVA
SMS, 1+N, N+1
Eco-Mode, Intelligent Paralleling
Maximum Protection
400, 500, 600kVA
Liebert NX
225, 250, 300kVA
SMS, 1+N
Eco-Mode, Capacity on Demand (Softscale)
Maximum Efficiency
Liebert eXL
625, 750, 800 kVA
SMS
Eco-Mode, Capacity on Demand (Softscale)
3phase In / 3phase Out
200
800
1200
Capacity, kVA
6
Liebert NXL
Enterprise--Scale UPS Protection for Medium/Large Data Centers
Enterprise
250kVA/225kW
300kVA/270kW
400kVA/360kW
500kVA/450kW
625kVA/625kW
800kVA/800kW
750kVA/675kW
800kVA/800kW
900kVA/900kW
1100kVA/1100kW
1125kVA/1125kW
G t than
th 1,348
1 348 units
it under
d warranty
t
 Greater
and service contract, 24,683,136Hrs.
 MTBF = 6,170,784 Hrs.
1125kVA/1125kW
MTBF =
Operating Hrs
#Failures
+1
#F il
Units in Blue provide DC isolation
7
Anatomy of the NXL 1100kVA/kW
8
Liebert NXL
Single Module System One
One--Line,
Line 12
12--pulse rectifier
Aic ratings
100 kaic with internal breakers
150 kaic with external breakers
9
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N40MzIRx2zA
Liebert NXL
DC Faults – NXL takes it!
Package
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hom2pG9ppvE&feature=youtu.be
Package
“Since when is taking
th load
the
l d to
t bypass
b
on a battery ground
fault robust?”
High
Availability
10
UPS High Efficiency Modes of Operation
“Intelligent
Intelligent Paralleling
Paralleling”
11
High Efficiency Modes of Operation Done Right,
“Active
Active Inverter Intelligent EcoMode
EcoMode”
Double Conversion Operation
 Active Inverter
te ge t EcoMode
co ode
Intelligent
– Increases efficiency
Bypass
AC Input
by running the bypass
in parallel with the
inverter.
– If poor quality AC
detected switches to
detected,
full dual conversion
mode
Static Switch
Inverter
Rectifier
Rectifier
AC Input
B tt
Battery
Active Inverter Intelligent EcoMode
Bypass
AC Input
Static Switch
Inverter
Rectifier
Rectifier
AC Input
Battery
•
•
•
•
Bypass source is monitored
Inverter matches bypass
Load harmonics profiled
Efficiency gain
12
Source Outage
Outage
Source
while in
in Dual
Active
Inverter Intelligent
EcoMode
while
Conversion
Mode
Within 1%
Input
p Utility
y Loss
@ 100% Load
Seamless transfer
to battery
50.00%
41.4%
37 1%
37.1%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00% 17.1%
10 00%
10.00%
4 3%
4.3%
T
Transfer
f
0.00%
Dual
Intelligent Eco- Standard Ecoconversion
Mode
Mode
onlyy
Series1
Series2
Series3
Intelligent
paralleling
Outage
g
Series4
13
Liebert NXL 800kVA/kW, 1100kVA/kW
Effi i
Efficiency
Curves
C
100.00%
99.00%
98.00%
96.50%
97.00%
96.00%
94.30%
ciency
%Effic
93.30%
94.00%
98.30%
93.70%
94.00%
94.10%
94.10%
94.00%
93.70%
92.30%
93.00%
91.00%
97 50%
97.50%
98.10%
95.60%
95.00%
92 00%
92.00%
97.10%
97.80%
91.60%
90.20%
90.00%
89 00%
89.00%
AC-AC (UPS Dual Conversion)
88.00%
Intelligent EcoMode
87.00%
86 00%
86.00%
85.00% 84.40%
83.9%
84.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
%Load
14
Liebert NXL Field Demonstrated MTBF,
Centralized vs Distributed Bypass Static Switch
UPS
UPS
UPS
MMU
MMU
MMU
750kVA 750kVA 750kVA
Static
Switch
UPS
UPS
UPS
SMS
750kVA
SMS
750kVA
SMS
750kVA
SS
SS
SS
Centralized Static Switch
Distributed Static Switch
 Reliable and Fault Tolerant
 Reliable
 Enterprise space
 Small/medium business space
Field Demonstrated MTBF vs Configuration
Multimodule UPS Systems w/
Central Static Switch in Switchgear,
100% Rated
Distribued Static Swich in each UPS
Module, 100% rated per module
Operating
Hours
System
MTBF
Number Critical Bus
of units Availability
5,230,056
5,230,056
382
0.9999977
5,221,512
5,221,512
368
0.9999977
No Critical Bus Outages to date!
15
Reliability Block Diagram MTBF Analysis,
Centralized vs Distributed Bypass Static Switch
Centralized Static Switch
Distributed Static Switch
16
Maximum Efficiency UPS Systems
 World Class large Transformer-free UPS
– Small footprint/light
p
g weight
g
– Modular construction
Liebert NX 225-600
 Ratings
g up
p to 600kW
 Capacity on demand “Softscale
Technology”
 High Efficiency
– 95
95+%
%D
Duall C
Conversion
i
– 98+% Intelligent Eco mode
Liebert eXL
 800kVA/800kW
 Capacity on demand “Softscale
technology”
 Highest Efficiency
– 96+% Dual Conversion
– 98+% Active Inverter Intelligent
Eco mode
17
Liebert NX,
Large TransformerTransformer-Free UPS System
 225kVA/225kW 480V
((Fixed Capacity
p
y or SoftScale to 300 kVA/kW))
 250kVA/250kW 480V
(Fixed Capacity or SoftScale to 300 kVA/kW)
 300
300kVA/300kW
/300
480V
80
(Fixed Capacity )
 400kVA/400kW 480V
(Fixed Capacity or SoftScale to 600 kVA/kW)
 500kVA/500kW 480V
(Fixed Capacity or SoftScale to 600 kVA/kW)
 600kVA/600kW 480V
(Fixed Capacity )
Operating Hrs
MTBF =
#F il
#Failures
+1
 Greater than 193 units under warranty
and service contract, 753,384Hrs.
 MTBF = 753,384 Hrs.
 Greater than 8500 units shipped globally since 2007
 MTBF = 1,121,280 Hrs.
18
Liebert NX UPS Efficiency
300kVA/kW & 600kVA/kW Efficiency Curves
100.0%
95.7%
95.0%
% Efficiency
93.3%
96.9%
94.3%
97.5%
97 9%
97.9%
98 1%
98.1%
98 3%
98.3%
98.4%
95.0%
95.2%
95.3%
95.3%
95.3%
98.5%
95.2%
98 4%
98.4%
95.0%
91.7%
90.0%
89.7%
85.0%
NX 300kVA/kW (Dual Conversion)
80.0%
NX 300kVA/kW Intelligent Ecomode
y
Efficiency
75.0%
10.0%
%
20.0%
%
30.0%
%
40.0%
%
50.0%
%
60.0%
%
70.0%
%
80.0%
%
90.0%
%
100.0%
%
% Load
19
Anatomy of the NX 225225-600 kVA
Input Jumpers
Bypass Input
Rectifier
Input
System
Output
Battery
Connections
Fully Rated,
Continuous-Duty
Static Switch
Input Fuses
Optional CB1
Backfeed Breaker
(Std.)
PFC IGBT Rectifier
Subassemblies
Inverter
Subassemblies
DC-DC Booster
Subassemblies
Connectivity
C
ti it
Panel
20
Liebert NX,
300kW & 600kW Layout
Top and Bottom Cable Entry
1350 mm
300kVA/300kW
53” Wide X
53
33.5” Deep
2300 mm
Single Static Switch
p
per UPS module
600kVA/600kW
90 6” Wide X
90.6
33.5” Deep
21
Liebert NX 225225-600 kVA
Basic One Line - Single Module System
R
Removable jumper for dual‐input
bl j
f d li
Fully‐rated, Continuous‐Duty Static Switch for higher reliability and necessary for Eco‐Mode Operation
li bilit
d
f E M d O
ti
NX600
starting
800kVA
PDU
NX600 3phase
bolted fault
without damage
to unit
22
Capacity on Demand
Softscalable Modules
 Softscale technology allows your system to efficiently grow
with IT operations without adding to the system footprint
– 225 & 250 upgrade to 300 kVA/kW
– 400 and 500 upgrade to 600 kVA/kW
– Minimal operational disruption during upgrade
Fixed Capacity Modules
 Match feeders and
di t ib ti tto fifixed
distribution
d rating
ti
 UPS Breakers sized to
capacity as purchased
23
Liebert NX 225225-600 kVA
Basic One Line - Multi
Multi--Module System
Fully‐rated, Continuous‐Duty Static Switch in each Module
each Module
Bypass cable
lengths need
matched for
full
performance
 Simple 1+N paralleling provides low initial cost and
reduced leadtime
 Parallel up to 6 systems for capacity or redundancy
24
Liebert eXL
 800kVA/800kW
– Unity Power
Factor (kW=kVA)
– World Class large
transformer-free
UPS
– High Efficiency
96 5% in Dual
• 96.5%
Conversion
• 98-99% in Active
Inverter Intelligent
Eco mode
25
What
What’s
s New in Liebert eXL
 Highest Power Density
 Largest Transformer-Free UPS Building Block
 Highest
g
Efficiency
y Large
g UPS Module
– 6th Generation IGBT’s
– 33-level
level Active IGBT Rectifier,
Rectifier Inverter,
Inverter and DC-DC
DC DC
Converter/Charger
– Low switchingg and conduction losses
 Superior Waveform Fidelity
– Output: Can handle 0.7
0 7 leading to 0
0.7
7 lagging power
factor (pf) loads and high harmonic loads
– Input Current: 0.99pf with < 5% input current THD
26
UPS System Efficiencies
100.0%
Liebert eXL
Active
Inverter
Ecomode,
Active
Inverter
Maximum
Efficiency UPS
Intelligent
EcoMode
Efficiency
95.0%
Liebert eXL
Maximum
Efficiency UPS
Dual Conversion
90.0%
85.0%
80.0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Load
70%
80%
90% 100%
27
Liebert eXL
800kW SMS Dimensions
28
Liebert eXL Construction
Input Cabinet (Top Control
Wiring
or Bottom Feed)
Drawer
Cores
Output/Bypass Cabinet
(Top or Bottom Feed)
BFB
Core
Detail
HMI
Static
Switch
CB1
Cells
CB2
Cell
 800kVA/800kW UPS
Transformer-free
 124”wide x 34”deep
 Weight: 5735 lbs
29
Liebert eXL
Power Utilization and Delivery
1200A 100% Rated
kW IN
996A @ 480 V @ 1.0 PF = 827 kW
=
=
≈ 98.4% Efficient
Active IGBT Rectifier w/
High Input Power Factor
Pulls Maximum kVA from
given source with
minimum current and low
harmonics and provides
Maximum kW to the DC
Bus and Inverter
Max Efficiency 3-level rectifier and inverter are
precisely controlled to minimize losses and
deliver more of the available input power to the
load, reducing PUE while minimizing installation
d operating
ti expense.
costt and
≈ 98.4% Efficient
=
=
≈ 98.5%
Efficient
kW OUT
962A @ 480 V @
1.0 PF ≈ 800 kW
Total AC-AC Efficiency
(98.4% X 98.4%) ≈
96.8% Efficiency
Transformer-Free IGBT
Inverter with Unity Output
Power Factor Provides all
the kW required for any
load within the kVA limit of
the UPS, from 0.7 leading
to 0.7 lagging — without
de rating!
de-rating!
30
Liebert eXL UPS Source Considerations
 Liebert eXL can be fed from
SEPARATE sources
 Liebert eXL can be used with HRG
(High Resistance Ground) systems
31
eXL Configurations
System Level Static Switch and Controls
I
R
BB
Single
g Module System
y
((SMS))
SS
R
I
BB
SS
R
I
BB
Distributed Bypass (1+N)
I
BB
R
I
BB
R
I
BB
R
I
Highes
H
st MTBF Design
R
SS
Cost E
C
Effectiv
ve Des
sign
Currrent Industrry Offe
ering
SS
BB
C t li d Static
Centralized
St ti Switch
S it h (N+1)
32
Emerging High Density
Power Distribution
 Running out of capacity before pole space
– 50A and greater panel board breakers
– 125A and 150A branch breakers
 400A & 600A – 42, 54, 72 or 84 pole
panelboards
– 80% & 100% rated
t d mains
i
 600V – 42, 66 or 84 pole panelboards
 Configurable solutions
 Load distribution monitoring, LDM,
becoming a requirement
 Touch safe panelboards
p
 Larger PDUs
– 430kVA, 500kVA, 800kVA
 Busway distribution
 Rack distribution instead
of power strips
33
Data Center Power
Architecture
Med-V
xfmr
f
Gen
Utility
Gen
// Sgr
S
Med-V
S
Sgr
ATS
ATS
UPS In
UPS
U
P
S
Cooling
Cooling
Equipment
Equipment
STS
UPS Out
CRAC
CRACs
RDC
Racks
R
a Servers
c Servers
k
Servers
P
D Servers
U
PDU
R
a
c
k
P
D
U
Chiller
PDU
PDUs
RDC
Racks
STS
STSs
ATS
Rack P
PDU
U
P
S
Mech Sgr
M
Mechanical
Building
g
non-Critical
UPS S
Sgr
Service Entrance & Gen
CRAC
Cooling Tower
34
Data Center Architecture,
2N Electrical,
Electrical Tier 3
2
Utility
Utility
Service Entrance
UPS In
U
P
S
UPS Out
STS
STSs
PDU
PDUs
Gen
Mechanical
Building
non-Critical
U
P
S
Gen
P
Service Entrance
Mechanical
ATS
ATS
ATS
ATS
Cooling
Cooling
Equipment
Equipment
Cooling
Cooling
Equipment
Equipment
A
CRAC
CRACs
RDC
Gen
A
Racks
R
Servers
a S
c Servers
k
Servers
P
D Servers
U
R
a
c
k
P
D
U
Building
non-Critical
UPS In
U
P
S
P
CRAC
CRACs
RDC
U
P
S
UPS Out
STS
STSs
PDU
PDUs
Performance:
 Concurrent Maintenance
– Every system/comp can be
taken offline
 Fault tolerant UPS
UPS,
mechanical and
downstream distribution
Typical Characteristics:
 2N Utility, 2N UPS and 2N
Distribution
 Redundant Generator(s)
 N+x Cooling
 ATS and
d STS used
d for
f
enhanced reliability and
improved maintenance
 IT equip dual
powered
35
Value of STS Configuration:
MTBF
Reliability
Dual bus, dual input
with the STS2
Dual bus, Dual Input
without STS2
Fault here is isolated.
Alternate bus and other loads
not affected.
3M hours
37.2M hours
Load Calculated
MTBF
321B Hours
*MTBF assumes routine maintenance
3M hours
14M hours
13 x
Increase
I
System MTBF Increase
37.2M hours
Load Calculated
MTBF
4298B Hours
36
Utilization
Strategies
g
to Improve
p
Utilization
UPS
UPS*
UPS
UPS*
2 x 2N Dual Bus Data
Center
~50 % Utilization Rate
UPS*
UPS
UPS
Reserve Bus Data Center
~75 % Utilization Rate
 Enterprise traditionally utilizes high availability dual bus
architecture
 Business models that demand higher utilization rates and
can accept lower availability are turning to reserve
(“ t h ”) architectures
(“catcher”)
hit t
 Helps you move up the efficiency curve.
37
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
300A
A EA
Racks
Racks
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Racks
Racks
Tier 3,
Ti
3
16 Meg
Data Center
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
ST
TS
60
00A
2Meg
g
2400A
ST
TS
60
00A
4Meg
Redundant
Reserve
K1
K1
(Catcher)
2Meg
System
System #1
UPS 1000kVA
Module
Multi-M
UPS 1000kVA
Module
Multi-M
SS
5000A
#1
Racks
34.5kV
Utility #1
KR
(NO)
U1
K8
480V
Racks
SS
2500A
#8
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
PDU
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Dist
Racks
(ATS to Reserve)
K8
Mech Loa
ads
System 8
K7
UPS
S 1000kVA
Multi-Module
K6
UPS
S 1000kVA
Multi-Module
K5
(ATS to Systems
s)
Reserve Me
ech
Loads 1-8
K4
ST
TS
60
00A
SS
2500A
K3
ST
TS
60
00A
480V
K2
UPS 10
000kVA
Multi-M
Module
K1
UPS 10
000kVA
Multi-M
Module
KR
(NC)
300A
A EA
U2
(ATS to Reserv
ve)
12.47kV
Mech Loa
ads
System 1
U1
UPS
S 1000kVA
Mullti-Module
UPS
S 1000kVA
Mullti-Module
Reserve/Catcher Bus
Utility #2
34.5kV
12.47kV
U2
K8
2Meg
System #8
2Meg
g
2400A
Racks
38
UPS DC Systems
y
39
Liebert Battery Cabinet
Bus rated for max
currentt off 750 kVA
12V or 16V
Top Access For
Alber Monitoring
Cabinet to Cabinet
Cables.
Strap Plates For
Cabinet to Cabinet System
Short bus on stand
alone cabinet
Integrated Alber Battery Monitoring
Systems include one side
panel and bus splices
Cabinets include two
side panels and no plates
56” wide for top terminal
Conduit Landing
Up to 400kVA
Narrow (16”) junction
box added for 750 kVA
on last cabinet for
stand alone
63”
63
” wide for front terminal 16v
40
Thin Plate Pure Lead Battery
In Liebert NXL Battery Cabinet
 EnerSys Genesis
– High-temp
High temp VLRA AGM
– 0oC to > 45oC operation
 Aerospace & Defense
– fighter jets, submarine
propulsion, tanks
– Aircraft use in 777
777, B
B-1,
1
F-16, F-18, Osprey
 Other companies include
S
Sears,
AT&T
AT&T, Dell,
D ll V
Verizon,
i
Nokia, Ericsson and others
 Five year warranty at over 5min.
– Two year at under 5min.
 Fits in standard Liebert cabinet
56” wide for top
terminal battery
41
Climate Controlled Battery Cabinets,
Ducted and Air Conditioned Cabinets
 AC Unit Provides
3000 6000 BTU/Hr
3000-6000
 Max Room 104oF
 40”wide x 29.5”deep
p
42
Ensuring Availability
Deploy StateState-of
of--the
the--Art Battery Monitoring
 Battery Monitoring Key
g
Technologies
– DC Resistance technology
provides repeatable readings
g
of the load on the
regardless
battery
– Power the monitor external to the
battery string to avoid over/under
charging
• Battery monitors installed across a
breaker or disconnect can cause
catastrophic
ca
as op c failures
a u es
– Monitor the entire battery system:
Root Causes of
D
Downtime
ti
 Liebert Services Remote
Monitoring
– Millions of hours of operation
– ZERO
O failures
f
due to bad battery
inter-tier and inter-cell
connectors, breakers
 Only Alber Battery
Monitoring has all of these
k ttechnologies!
key
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State-ofStateof-the
the--Art Battery Monitoring,
The Difference – Early Detection of Failures
Typically,
yp
y, internal
resistance values increase
slowly over time.
Resistance Trend
Earlier detection will permit
proper
p
p resource scheduling
g
for maintenance, battery
replacements, budgeting, etc.
Impedance Trend
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Rapid Deployment
Data lar
Centers
Mod
Modular
po
power
er systems
s stems
 Integrated packages, built and




p etested in factory
pretested
acto y e
environment
o e t
Simplified configuration and
greater scalability
S t
Systems
right-sized
i ht i d d
during
i
design phase
Simplify and increase speed of
deployment
Most can be deployed in 14-16
weeks
Skidded Condensers
Enclosures
Power Skids
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