Ad libitum ad lib. Alternating current ac Ampere A Analysis
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III B I O C H E M I C A L P H A R M AC O L O G Y ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS JOURNAL The following list provides a useful guide to the preferred abbreviations of the more frequently used units and words other than units. Note that full points are omitted wherever possible, but always retained where confusion may otherwise be caused. Also note that, generally speaking, the plural is the same as the singular, i.e. ‘‘s’’ is not added. Ad libitum Alternating current Ampere Analysis of variance ° ngstroĢm A Ante meridian Atmosphere Atomic weight ad lib. a.c. A ANOVA ° A a.m. atm at.wt. Base pair Becquerel Boiling point bp Bq b.p. Calorie Centimeter Central nervous system Circa Colony-forming unit Concentration that causes 50% inhibition Concentration that is 50% effective Correlation coefficient Coulomb Counts per minute Counts per second Cubic centimeter Cubic inch Cubic meter Curie cal cm CNS ca. cfu Dalton Degrees Celsius Centigrade Fahrenheit Kelvin Degree (temperature difference) Degrees of freedom Direct current Disintegrations per minute Disintegrations per second Dose that causes 50% inhibition Dose that causes 50% lethality Dose that is 50% effective Feet, foot Freezing point Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Gas–liquid chromatography Gauss Gram Gram-molecule Gravitational acceleration Gray (equivalent to 100 rads) ft f.p. GC–MS GLC G g mol g Hz EC50 r C cpm cps cm3 in3 m3 Ci Inch Infrared Internal diameter International unit International unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation Intramuscular Intraperitoneal Intravenous in. i.r. i.d. IU Da Joule J °C °C °F K Kilobase Kilocalorie Kilocycles per second Kilodalton Kilogram Kilometer Kilovolt Kilowatt kb kcal kHz kDa kg km kV kW Liter Logarithm Logarithm (natural) l log ln Magnetomotive force Maximum velocity Megaelectron volts Megahertz Melting point Meter Michaelis constant Microgram Microliter Micrometer (‘‘micron’’) Micromolar Micromole Millicurie Milliequivalent Milligram Milliliter Millimeter Millimolar Millimole m.m.f. Vmax MeV MHz m.p. m Km μg μl μm μM μmol mCi mEq mg ml mm mM mmol HPLC h IC50 ID50 LD50 ED50 Electrocardiogram Electroencephalogram Electromagnetic unit Electromotive force Electron paramagnetic resonance Electron spin resonance Electron volt Electrostatic unit Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Experiment Extinction coefficient (specific) ECG EEG e.m.u. e.m.f. E∞,ω Fast atom bombardment FAB EPR ESR eV e.s.u. ELISA Expt. ms mOsM min M MW Nanometer Nanomole Normal concentration Nuclear magnetic resonance Number nm nmol N Ohm Optical density Outside diameter Ω O.D. o.d. Parts per million Per os (oral) Picomole Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Post-meridian Probability Proton magnetic resonance ppm p.o. pmol Radian Relative molecular mass (relative mobility) Revolutions per minute Root mean square rad Second(s) Sedimentation coefficient (specific) Sievert Species Specific activity Specific gravity Specific volume Square foot Square inch Square meter Standard deviation Standard error of the mean Standard temperature and pressure Subcutaneous s Gy Hertz High performance (pressure) liquid chromatography Hour(s) deg. df d.c. dpm dps Millisecond Milliosmolar Minute(s) Molar concentration Molecular weight rad i.m. i.p. i.v. NMR No. PAGE p.m. P PMR Mr rpm r.m.s. S20,w Sv sp sp. act. sp. g. sp. vol. ft2 in2 m2 S.D. S.E.M. S.T.P. s.c. Thin-layer chromatography TLC Ultraviolet Units UV U Versus Volt Volume Volume by volume vs V vol. v/v Watt Weight Weight by volume W wt w/v IV B I O C H E M I C A L P H A R M AC O L O G Y Prefixes to the Names of Units Multiplier Prefix Symbol 10–1 deci d 10–2 centi c –3 10 milli m 10–6 micro μ 10–9 nano n 10–12 pico p 10–15 femto f –18 10 atto a Multiplier 10 102 103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 Prefix deca hecto kilo mega giga tera peta exa Symbol da h k M G T P E Listed below are internationally accepted biochemical abbreviations and their definitions, as well as abbreviations and definitions for other biochemicals that are used frequently. These abbreviations do not need to be defined. BSA CoA DMSO DNA EDTA EGTA FAD GSH GSSG HEPES NAD NADH NADP NADPH PBS RNA SDS Tris bovine serum albumin coenzyme A dimethyl sulfoxide deoxyribonucleic acid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid flavin adenine dinucleotide reduced glutathione oxidized glutathione N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate phosphate-buffered saline ribonucleic acid sodium dodecyl sulfate 2-amino-2-hydroxymethylpropane-1,3-diol Accepted abbreviations may be used for 5′-ribonucleotides (GMP, ADP, UTP, etc.) and 5′-deoxyribonucleotides (dAMP, dCDP, dTTP, etc.).
