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avb, cvU Drcbœ n‡e Zv w`‡q mviv eQ‡ii Lv`¨ I A_© †hvMvb `vI| wKQyw`b Av‡MI GB †cvlY Ki‡Zv
emš— Kvj| Ab¨vb¨ FZziv `xN© msMÖvg K‡i‡Q Ae‡k‡l Bwi I †ev‡iv avb GLb cÖvq me FZz‡ZB Drcbœ
nq| mKj FZzi we‡`ªv‡n emš—Kvj mgvš—ivj n‡jI Zvi `wLbv evZvm Ab¨vb¨ FZzi Cl©v i‡q‡Q| MÖx‡®§i
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I KvuPv Av‡gi mv‡_ Wvj †L‡Z †h KZ my¯^v`y Zv evsjvi gvbylB Rv‡b| Gev‡ii gvwmK cwÎKvq †gi“`Û
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hviv AvKzÚ fvjevmvi gvbyl, mgvR I m„wókxj gvbyl †hgb AvjevU© AvBb ÷vB‡bi K_v wK Avgiv wkL‡Z
cvwibv| RvZxqZvev` I bZzb ivóªcÖwZôvmn me©Kv‡ji me©‡kªô msweavb Dcnvi `vZv RvwZi RbK e½eÜz
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Av‡›`vjb I wec-­e mdj K‡i‡Qb Zvi my¯úó Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki Dbœq‡b wk¶vi weKí †bB|
c‡bi †KvwU †jv‡Ki evm evsjv‡`‡k A_P 15 eQi eqmx I Zvi E‡aŸ© cÖvq wZb †KvwU PzqvËi j¶ gvbyl
GLbI m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbi¶i| eq‡mi Kvi‡Y G‡`i‡K AvbyôvwbK wk¶v †`qv m¤¢e bq e‡jB c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨
†`‡ki b¨vq DcvbyôvwbK wk¶vi gva¨g mv¶iZv AR©bmn Ae¨vnZ wk¶v cÖ`vb †jLvwU LyeB mg‡qvc‡hvMx|
GB wekvj wbi¶i Rb‡Mvôx‡K †UªWwfwËK cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g RxweKvR©‡bi c_ myMg Kivi †KŠkj ev¯—‡e
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡j mv¶iZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ `¶ gvbe m¤ú‡` cwiYZ n‡Z cvi‡e| wekvj Rb‡Mvôx‡K
wbi¶i †i‡L G‡`‡ki Dbœqb Avkv Kiv hvq bv| my‡Li wVKvbv cÖe‡Ü K‡Vvi kªg I cÖej B”Qv kw³i Kv‡Q
cÖwZeÜx n‡qI igv ¯^vej¤^x n‡q‡Q Ges 10 Rb‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z †c‡i‡Q| GQvov gvwmK ˆPÎ msL¨v,
cÖwZeÜx cwÎKvwU‡Z mgvR, ivóª I ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ,mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ, ¯^v¯’¨ fvj ivLv, †ivM evjvB †_‡K
gy³ ivLvi Dcvq, hye-hyev‡`i iƒc ˆkjx, myLvevi cwi‡ekbvi Rb¨ ivbœv‰kjx I KwZcq KweZv hv RvZxq
Rxe‡b Acwinvh© ‡m me wel‡qi Dci h‡_ó ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡`‡ki ¯^”Qj e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb
†_‡K Ae‡nwjZ cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ Avw_©K mnvqZv †c‡j GmGdwWi Kvh©µg AviI cÖmvwiZ n‡e| Avw_©K
mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZgv‡mi b¨vq G gv‡mI cwÎKvi †kl c„ôvq msw¶ß I my¯úófv‡e wVKvbv ‡`qv
Av‡Q|Avw_©K mnvqZv Kivi B”Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡&I hw` †Kvb mgm¨v nq Zvn‡j webvwØavq †dv‡b Avgv‡`i
Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ webxZ Aby‡iva iB‡jv|
-1
‰PÎ msL¨v
AvjevU© AvBb÷vBb: mgvR I m„wókxj e¨w³
3
†gi€`Û
7
e½eÜz miKv‡ii mv‡o wZb eQi
12
Bu`yi
16
me©fviZxq †cÖ¶vc‡U RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb
24
gxR©v AvwRRv B`&wi‡mi ÔAvgvi Rxeb K_vÕ 29
KweZv
33-34
Gm.Gd.wW ¯^v¯’¨ evZ©v
35
Gm.Gd.wW i€c ˆkjx 39
my‡Li wVKvbv
43
Gm.Gd.wW ivbœv ˆkjx
46
MÖš’ mgv‡jvPbv
50
†j`‡gwk‡bi KvwiMi gby wgqv
52
evsjv‡`‡k DcvbyôvwbK wk¶vi ev¯evq‡bi †KŠkj
54
mh© inm¨ 61
bZzb mvwn‡Z¨i AwfhvÎv
63
Gm.Gd.wW msev`
67
-2
‰PÎ msL¨v
AvjevU© AvBb÷vBb: mgvR I
m„wókxj e¨w³
Aveyj Kv‡mg dRjyj nK
‡MvUv c„w_exi K_v ej‡Z cvie bv, Z‡e
evsjv‡`‡k gvbeRvwZi †h As‡ki evm
Zv †h µ‡g m„wómvg_©¨nxb GK eܨv`kvq
wbcwZZ n‡q‡Q, Zv Abyfe Kwi| m„wó
ej‡Z Avwg wkí-mvwnZ¨, weÁvb, `k©b,
Rxeb I mgv‡Ri cybM©Vb, RvwZ ivó«
I Avšivwó«K m¤cK© BZ¨vw` †¶‡Îi
m„wói K_v ejwQ| Drcv`‡bi †¶‡ÎI
evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl ˆbcyY¨ nvwi‡q Pj‡Q|
K…wl, wkí, e¨e¯’vcbv, cÖkvmb BZ¨vw`i
w`‡K ZvKv‡j eyS‡Z Amyweav nq bv †h,
G‡`‡k evOvwji Drcv`bmvg_©¨ I ˆbcyY¨
`vi€Yfv‡e ¶q †c‡q‡Q| weÁvbcÖhyw³i
GB AmvaviY DbœwZi Kv‡j RvZxq Rxe‡b
Avgv‡`i AMÖMwZi aviv wbægyLx|
`yB `kK Av‡MI G‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi g‡a¨
wb‡R‡`i A‡avMvwgZv m¤c‡K© m‡PZbZv
I beDÌv‡bi AvKv¶v wQj; wQj DbœZZi
bZzb Rxeb I mgvR cÖwZôvi mvabv I
msMÖvg| Zvi Av‡M kZvãxe¨vcx mvabv I
msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q GB f‚fv‡Mi RbMY
weªwUk Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi Aemvb
NwU‡qwQj, Ges c‡i cvwK¯vb †f‡O
evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv K‡iwQj| `yB `kK
-3
Av‡MI G‡`‡k DbœZZi bZzb Rxeb
cÖwZôvi Avkv I msMÖvg wQj| ZLbI
RvwZi Rxe‡b m„wókxjZv wQj| Zvici
Ae¯’v cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q; RbM‡Yi msMÖvgx
¯c„nv †kl n‡q †M‡Q| RbM‡Yi m„wókw³
I Drcv`bmvg_©¨ AvR weKvicÖvß I
wech©¯| evsjv‡`‡k evOvwj AvR RvZxq
wnbgb¨Zv‡ev‡a cxwoZ, i€Mœ| G‡`‡k
†Kv‡bv cÖwZfvevb e¨w³i AvÍcÖKv‡ki
K_v GLb Avi †KD fve‡Z Pvb bv|
A_P cÖwZfvevb e¨w³‡`i m„wó, Avwe®‹vi,
D™¢veb I †bZ…Z¡ Qvov †Kv‡bv RvwZ DbœwZi
avivq Pj‡Z cv‡i bv| m„wókxj cÖwZfvi I
‰PÎ msL¨v
fv‡jv †bZ…‡Z¡i D™¢‡ei c‡¶ evsjv‡`‡ki
eZ©gvb mvgvwRK cwi‡ek AZ¨š cÖwZK‚j;
GZ cÖwZK‚j †h, GB Ae¯’vi Zzjbv Pj‡Z
cv‡i G‡`‡ki cjvwki hy‡×i cieZx© Aa©
kZvãxi m„wó‰eix cwi‡e‡ki m‡½|
GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z, Pjgvb gjavivi
cÖwZK‚‡j, RbRxe‡bi my¯’Zv I bZzb
MYRvMiY Avgiv Avkv Kwi| Rvwb bv wK
K‡i KZ Kv‡ji cÖqv‡m Zv m¤¢e n‡e|
gjaviv Acwµqvkxj kw³i †bZ…‡Z¡ I
Amy¯’Zvi Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ| BwZnv‡m †`L‡Z
cvB, cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZB AMÖMwZi avivq gv‡S
gv‡S `xN©¯’vqx wech©‡qi g‡a¨ c‡o, Ges
GK mg‡q wech©q KvwU‡q DbœZZi bZzb
hy‡M DËxY© nq| AÜKvi hyM cÖ‡Z¨K
RvwZi Rxe‡bB gv‡S gv‡S †`Lv †`q,
wKš‘ †Kv‡bv RvwZi Rxe‡bB AÜKvi hyM
wPi¯’vqx nq bv| evsjv‡`‡ki RbRxe‡bI
`xN©¯’vqx m¼‡Ui ci m¼Ugy³ mg„× bZzb
hy‡Mi mPbv n‡e e‡j Avgiv Avkv Kwihw`I Kxfv‡e Zv n‡e †m m¤c‡K© wKQyB
Avgiv Rvwb bv| c‡_i mÜv‡b nvZ‡o
†eov‡Z n‡e, †Póvi ci †Póv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z
n‡e-GUzKzB ïay ej‡Z cvwi|
†Kej e¨w³MZfv‡e euvPvi Ges e¨w³MZ
m¤cwË ev e¨w³MZ ¶gZv AR©‡bi D`MÖ
cÖqvm me©Î †`L‡Z cvB| GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
e¨w³ †fZi †_‡K weK…Z n‡q hv‡ŽQ Ges
mgvRI A¯^vfvweK n‡q co‡Q| gvbyl
mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj nvwi‡q Pj‡Q| GB
weKvi I Gi cÖwZKvi m¤c‡K© wPšv Kiv
`iKvi Ges wPšvi wfwˇZ my¯có j¶ I
Kg©mwP wbY©q K‡i KvR Kiv `iKvi|
e¨w³ wb‡qB mgvR Ges mgv‡Ri Ask
e¨w³| e¨w³ I mgv‡Ri m¤cK© Awe‡ŽQ`¨|
mgvR †_‡K wewŽQbœ n‡q e¨w³ euvP‡Z cv‡i
bv Avi e¨w³‡K ev` w`‡q mgvR nq bv|
e¨w³i fv‡jv-g›` mgv‡Ri Dci Ges
mgv‡Ri fv‡jv-g›` e¨w³i Dci wµqv
K‡i| ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq mgvR e¨w³i
k΀ bq Ges e¨w³I mgv‡Ri k΀ bq|
mgv‡Ri cÖwZ e¨w³i Ges e¨w³i cÖwZ
mgv‡Ri `vwqZ¡kxj I KZ©e¨civqY nIqv
`iKvi| `iKvi mgv‡R gvby‡li e¨w³MZ
I mvgvwRK, Dfq cÖKvi ¸YvewjiB
weKvk| †h nxb-¯^v_©v‡š^lxiv kw³cÖ‡qv‡Mi
wKsev aZ©Zv-PZziZv-fvIZv-cÖZviYvi
gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© nvwmj K‡i †bIqvi
†Póv K‡i, Zviv e¨w³ I mgvR Df‡qiB
k΀| e¨w³¯^vZš¨ev`x‡`i e³‡e¨ †hgb
m‡Z¨i mÜvb cvIqv hvq, †Zgwb m‡Z¨i
mÜvb cvIqv hvq mgvRZšx‡`i e³‡e¨I|
wKš‘ ev¯‡e †`Lv hvq, mgvRZ‡ši Av`k©
`vbv †eu‡a IVvi ci †_‡KB †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
gnj †_‡K e¨w³¯^vZš¨ev`‡K mgvRZ‡ši
Ges mgvRZš‡K e¨w³¯^vZš¨ev‡`i
m¤cY© we‡ivax gZv`k© iƒ‡c †`wL‡q `yB
c¶‡K ci¯c‡ii wei€‡× Zxeª N„Yv-we‡Øl
I msNvZ-msN‡l© gvwZ‡q †Zvjv n‡q‡Q|
RbRxe‡b Gi dj AZ¨š ¶wZKi n‡q‡Q|
G †¶‡Î ms‡k-l‡Yi (Synthesis)
`„wófw½ `iKvi| e¨w³¯^vZ‡š¨i I
mgvRZ‡ši Av`k©‡K ci¯ci-we‡ivax I
wecixZagx© iƒc bv w`‡q ci¯ci-m¤ciK
I m¤ciYagx© iƒc †`Iqv `iKvi|
e¨w³Zš cY© bq, AcY©; mgvRZš cY©
bq, AcY©| cY© Av`‡k©i mÜvb Avgiv
†c‡Z cvwi `y‡qi wgj‡b|
AvjevU© AvBb÷vB‡bi (1879-1955)
wb‡Pi e³e¨wU‡Z GB `„wófw½i cÖKvk
Av‡Q| GwU Bs‡iwR‡Z Abw`Z Zuvi
Society and Personality kxl©K
GKwU ¶z`ª cÖe‡Üi evsjv Abyev`|
cÖeÜwU cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq 1934 mv‡j
Rvg©vb fvlvq (MEIN WELTBILD,
Amsterdam : Querido Verlag,
1934). Sonja Bargmann Abw`Z
IDEAS AND OPINIONS by
Albert Einstein (Rupa & Co.
Calcutta, 1991) MÖš’ †_‡K GwU evsjvq
Abyev` Kiv nj|
eZ©gvb GK‡Kw›`ªK wek¦e¨e¯’vq e¨w³
I mgv‡Ri m¤cK© wel‡q AMÖmi bZzb
wPšv `iKvi| GB cÖeÜ Abyev` K‡iwQ
GB Avkvq †h, AvBb÷vB‡bi K_vq
AbycÖvwYZ n‡q G wel‡q G‡`‡k †KD †KD
bZzbfv‡e wPšv Ki‡Z Ges wPšv‡K Kv‡R
jvMv‡Z cÖqvmci n‡eb| 1934 mv‡j
-4
†h wek¦ev¯eZvq AvBb÷vBb GB cÖeÜ
wj‡LwQ‡jb Zv †_‡K AvR‡Ki ev¯eZv
weivUfv‡e wfbœ| Zey G cwiw¯’wZ‡ZI
AvBb÷vB‡bi wPšv bZzb m„wókxj wPšvi
mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i|
mgvR I m„wókxj e¨w³
Avgiv hw` Avgv‡`i Rxebaviv I Kg©cÖ‡Póv
Rwic Kwi Zvn‡j †`L‡Z cvB Avgv‡`i
cÖvq mKj Kg© I Avkv-AvKv¶vB Ab¨
gvbyl‡`i Aw¯‡Z¡i m‡½ hy³| Avi Avgiv
j¶ Kwi †h, Avgv‡`i cy‡iv ¯^fve mvgvwRK
cÖvYx‡`i ¯^fv‡ei Abyiƒc| †h Lv`¨ †L‡q
Avgiv euvwP Zv A‡b¨iv Drcv`b K‡i,
†h Kvco Avgiv cwi Zv Ab¨‡`i ˆZwi,
†h evwo‡Z Avgiv evm Kwi Zv Ab¨‡`i
Øviv wbwg©Z| Avgv‡`i Ávb I wek¦v‡mi
AwaKvskB A‡b¨iv fvlvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i
w`‡q _v‡K Ges GB fvlvI A‡b¨iv m„wó
K‡i‡Q| fvlv bv _vK‡j Avgv‡`i gvbwmK
mvg_©¨ wbZvš Kg nZ Ges Avgiv
DŽP‡kÖYxi Rš‘-Rv‡bvqvi‡`i ch©vqfy³
nZvg| Aek¨B ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
Rš‘-Rv‡bvqv‡ii Zzjbvq Avgv‡`i Ae¯’v
DbœZ nIqvi cÖavY KviY Avgiv gvby‡li
mgv‡R evm Kwi| †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K R‡š§i
ci †_‡KB GKjv K‡i w`‡j †mB e¨w³
wPšv I Abyf‚wZi w`K w`‡q Ggb Avw`g
I Rv‡bvqvim`„k Ae¯’vq †_‡K hv‡e †h,
Avgv‡`i c‡¶ Zv Kíbv KivI `ytmva¨|
e¨w³‡K wewŽQbœ Ae¯’vq †`L‡j Zvi g‡a¨
we‡kl wKQy cvIqv hvq bv| e¨w³i gwngv
Zvi e¨w³mËvi Kvi‡Y ZZUv bq hZUv
Zvi mvgvwRK mËvi Kvi‡Y| e¨w³ e„nr
gvbemgv‡Ri m`m¨ Ges mgvR e¨w³‡K
Rš§ †_‡K g„Zz¨ ch©š cwiPvjbv K‡i|
†Kv‡bv †jv‡Ki Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZ, wPšvfvebv I Kvh©Kjvc †h cwigv‡Y Zvi m½xmv_x I mnKgx©‡`i Kj¨v‡Y wb‡ew`Z, †mB
cwigv‡YB mgv‡R Zvi gj¨ ¯^xK…Z nq| Gi
wfwˇZ †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K fv‡jv A_ev g›`
ejv n‡q _v‡K| cÖ_g `„wó‡ZB g‡b nq,
†Kv‡bv †jvK KZLvwb fv‡jv A_ev g›`
†m m¤c‡K© Avgv‡`i aviYv my¯cóiƒ‡c
‰PÎ msL¨v
Zvi G ai‡bi mvgvwRK ¸Yvewji Dci mKj Abycv‡Zi Zzjbvq K‡g‡Q| AwZ
wbf©ikxj|
AímsL¨K e¨w³B m„wói †¶‡Î mvd‡j¨i
Rb¨ mvavi‡Yi wbKU cwiwPZ| msMVb I
cÖwZôvb KZKvs‡k gnvgvb‡ei ¯’vb `Lj
wKš‘ Gfv‡e †`Lv wVK bq| GKUz j¶ K‡i wb‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i cÖhyw³i †¶‡Î
Ki‡jB †evSv hvq, e¯‘MZ, fveMZ I Ges Av‡iv †ewk K‡i weÁv‡bi †¶‡Î GUv
ˆbwZK †hme Avwe®‹vi-D™¢ve‡bi mydj ¯có|
Avgiv mgvR †_‡K †c‡q _vwK, †m¸‡jv
†Rbv‡ik‡bi ci †Rbv‡ikb a‡i m„wókxj
e¨w³‡`i mvabv I msMÖv‡gi d‡j m„ó| wkíKjvi RM‡Z KxwZ©gvb e¨w³‡`i Afve
GK`v †KD Av¸b e¨env‡ii Dcvq D™¢veb we‡klfv‡e j¶ Kiv hvq| wPÎKjv I
K‡iwQj| †Kv‡bv Kv‡j †KD km¨ Pv‡li m½xZ wbæMvgx n‡q‡Q Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi
c×wZ cÖeZ©b K‡iwQj| KL‡bv †KD Kv‡Q cÖvq Av‡e`bnxb n‡q c‡o‡Q-GUv
ev¯cxq BbwRb Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQj| cÖwZwU wbwðZ| ivRbxwZ †¶‡Î fv‡jv †bZvi
Avwe®‹vi-D™¢vebB GK-GKRb e¨w³i Afve †`Lv hv‡ŽQ| †mB m‡½ Afve
KxwZ©|
†`Lv hv‡ŽQ ¯^vaxb wPšvkxjZvi| Avi
GKgvÎ e¨w³B wPšv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi b¨vq-Ab¨vq‡evaI AZ¨š
wPšv Øviv mgv‡Ri Rb¨ bZzb gj¨‡eva `ye©j n‡q c‡o‡Q| ¯^vaxb †PZbvi Afv‡e
m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| ïay ZvB bq, e¨w³ MYZvwšK msm`xq miKvi-e¨e¯’v A‡bK
Ggb ˆbwZK gvb`Û cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cv‡i RvqMv‡ZB `ye©j n‡q c‡o‡Q, GKbvqKZš
hv MÖnY K‡i mgvR DcK…Z nq| GK gv_vPvov w`‡q‡Q Ges †jv‡K Zv †g‡b
w`K †_‡K †`Lv hvq, mgv‡Ri wfwËf‚wg wb‡q‡Q| Ggb nIqvi KviY: gvby‡li
†_‡K e¨w³ Rxebim MÖnY K‡ib, ZvB AvÍm¤§vb‡eva I e¨w³i AwaKvi‡eva
mgvR Qvov e¨w³i AvÍweKv‡ki K_v GLb Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv kw³kvjx †bB|
fvev hvq bv; Aciw`K †_‡K †`Lv hvq, msev`cθ‡jv gvÎ `yB mßvn mg‡q †h
¯^vaxbfv‡e wPšv I wePvi-we‡ePbv Kivi †Kv‡bv †`‡ki †glcvj-m`„k Rbmvavi‡Yi
mvg_©¨m¤cbœ m„wókxj e¨w³ Qvov mgv‡Ri g‡b Ggb D‡ËRbvi Av¸b R¡vwj‡q w`‡Z
cv‡i †h, Zviv wKQy †jv‡Ki nxb¯^v_© wmw×i
DbœwZ AKíbxq|
Rb¨ Dw`© c‡i gvi‡Z I gi‡Z cÖ¯‘Z nq|
Avgvi g‡b nq, mf¨ RvwZ¸‡jv GLb
mgv‡Ri ¯^v¯’¨, mgvR hv‡`i wb‡q MwVZ e¨w³i gh©v`vnvwbi †h Dš§ËZvq †g‡Z‡Q,
†mB e¨w³‡`i mvgvwRK msnwZi `„pZvi Zvi RNb¨Zg cÖKvk mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z
Dci hZUv wbf©i K‡i, wVK ZZUvB wbf©i †hvM`v‡bi eva¨ZvgjK e¨e¯’v| GB
K‡i Zv‡`i ¯^vZ‡š¨i DciI| GK_v wVK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z hLb cÖvq mKj fwel¨Ø³vi
†h,
†MÖ‡Kv-†ivgvb-BD‡iv-Av‡gwiKvb gy‡LB ïb‡Z cvB †h, Avgv‡`i mf¨Zv
ms¯‹…wZi-we‡kl K‡i Gi D¾¡jZg cÖKvk AwP‡iB †f‡O co‡e, ZLb wew¯§Z nB bv|
ga¨hy‡Mi BD‡iv‡ci APjvqZb-f½Kvix Z‡e Avwg ˆbivk¨ev`x bB| Avwg wek¦vm
BZvjxq †i‡bmuv‡mi-g‡j Av‡Q e¨w³i Kwi, fv‡jv mgq Avm‡e| Avgvi wek¦v‡mi
KviY ms‡¶‡c ejwQ|
gyw³ I Av‡cw¶K ¯^vZš¨|
†h mg‡qi ga¨ w`‡q GLb Avgiv PjwQ,
Zvi K_vq Avmv hvK| mgvR Kxfv‡e
Pj‡Q? e¨w³i Ae¯’vB-ev †Kgb? mf¨
†`k¸‡jv‡Z RbmsL¨v Av‡Mi Zzjbvq
†e‡o‡Q| BD‡iv‡ci †jvKmsL¨v GK‡kv
eQi Av‡M hv wQj GLb Zvi wZb¸Y n‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ KxwZ©gvb e¨w³i msL¨v AZx‡Zi
Avgvi g‡Z, eZ©gv‡b †h Ae¶q †`Lv
w`‡q‡Q Zvi g‡j i‡q‡Q GB NUbv †h,
cÖhyw³MZ I A_©‰bwZK weKv‡ki d‡j
Aw¯‡Z¡i msMÖvg GLb Ggb Zxeª iƒc
jvf K‡i‡Q †h, G‡Z e¨w³i ¯^vfvweK
weKv‡ki my‡hvM eÜ n‡q †M‡Q| Z‡e
cÖhyw³i weKv‡ki A_©B n‡ŽQ mgv‡Ri
Pvwn`v ci‡Yi Rb¨ e¨w³i kÖg K‡g
-5
hvIqv| G Ae¯’vq `vwe DV‡Q cwiKwíZ
kÖgwefvR‡bi, Ges GB `vwe µ‡gB
Zxeª n‡q Awbevh©Zvi w`‡K hv‡ŽQ| Avkv
Kiv hvq, mycwiKwíZ kÖgwefvRb Øviv
e¨w³i ˆelwqK wbivcËv wbwðZ n‡e|
GB wbivcËv, Avi AeKvk I DØ„Ë kw³
e¨w³i e¨w³Z¡-weKv‡ki mnvqK n‡e|
Zv‡Z mgvR Zvi ¯^v¯’¨ cybi€×v‡ii my‡hvM
cv‡e| Avgiv Avkv Kie †h, fwel¨‡Zi
BwZnvm cÖ‡YZviv AvR‡Ki A¯^v¯’¨Ki
mvgvwRK Dcm‡M©i e¨vL¨v w`‡Z wM‡q
ej‡eb, GUv wQj DŽPvKv¶x gvbeRvwZi
AwZ `ª€Z MwZ‡Z mf¨Zvi c‡_ Pjvi d‡j
m„ó ˆkkeKvjxb Amy¯’Zv|
evsjv Abyev`: XvKv, †g 1997|
‰PÎ msL¨v
†gi“`Û
‡gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix
If the wicked flourish and the `vk©wb‡Ki †Póv nq A‡bK mgq ÔgvP
fittest survive, Nature must be G‡Wv GevDU bvw_sÕ, A_ev ceŸ©‡Zi
the God of rascals.-G.B.S.
gwlK cÖm‡ei gZ| A‡bK gvj-gmjv
msMÖn I M‡elYvi d‡j Zuviv †h m‡Z¨
G‡m †cuŠ‡Qvb, A‡bK mgq Zv gvgywj
‡hw`b ÔmvifvBfvj Ae w` wd‡U÷Õ-GB mZ¨ Qvov Avi wKQyB bq| wKš‘ `k©‡bi
mvaviY mZ¨wU `vk©wb‡Ki K‡Ú cÖ_g mg_©‡b ZvB n‡q I‡V mK‡ji kÖ‡×q†NvwlZ nj, †mw`b †_‡KB c„w_exi mvaviY e¨vcviUvI AmvaviY n‡q †`Lv
meŸ©bv‡ki mÎcvZ| †Kbbv, gj¨‡eva †`q| ÔwdUÕ †jv‡KivB me mgq †eu‡P‡Q
we¯§„Z n‡q †mw`b †_‡KB gvbyl Zvi I euvP‡e G-K_vUv ejvi Rb¨ `vk©wb‡Ki
†kÖô ¸YivwR‡K Ae‡njv K‡i wbK…ó M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, mvgvb¨
kw³mg‡ni cRvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä ch©‡e¶Ykx‡jivI ZvÕ ej‡Z cv‡i|
Ki‡j, Avi euvPvi K_vUv eo n‡q DVj myZivs G wm×v‡ši Rb¨ `vk©wb‡Ki †Kvb
e‡j †mŠ›`h©¨, †cÖg I Avb›` gvby‡li K…wZZ¡ †bB; Zuvi K…wZZ¡ m‡Z¨ †cuŠQvi
`„wómxgv †_‡K A‡bK `‡i m‡i †Mj| Rb¨ Zuvi †h Av‡qvRb-Zv‡Z, Dcv`vb†m eyS‡Z cvi‡jv, G-me †MŠY e¨vcvi, msMÖn I wewPÎ Z_¨ Avwe®‹v‡i gvbyl nVvreuvPvi Rb¨ G-m‡ei †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB, m„ó Rxe bq, Rxecigcivq avivevwnK
hw` cvIqv hvq fv‡jv| AwaKš‘ bv cvIqv cwiYwZ, GB m‡Z¨i D`&NvU‡b|
†M‡jI †Zgb `ytL †bB|
-6
A_P gvbyl †mB‡UB eo e‡j MÖnY Ki‡jbvPz‡b eywo †Xv‡ji Zvwj †c‡j †hgb
Avb‡›` AvÍnviv nq, gvbylI †Zgwb
Avb‡›` AvÍnviv n‡q wb‡Ri wfZ‡ii
hy×s †`wn fvewU‡K AvuK‡o ai‡j-†Zjwmu`yi w`‡q †`eZvi g‡Zv Zvi cRv ïi€
Ki‡jv| wb‡Riv hv ¯^fveZtB fv‡jvev‡m
`vk©wb‡Ki mg_©‡b, ZvB Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
AwaKZi wcÖq n‡q DVj; Avi `vk©wbKiv
hv ai‡Z-Quy‡Z cvb bv, gvbe-Rxe‡bi
†mB †kÖô m¤c` a¨vb-Kíbv, †cÖg†mŠ›`‡h©¨i K`i Kg‡Z jvMj| Gme
Kx? weÁvb †Zv Gme Vvni Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| myZivs G‡`i Aw¯Z¡ m¤^‡Ü mw›`nvb
bv n‡q Dcvq Kx? mZ¨ ZvB; weÁv‡bi
mnvqZvq hvPvB Ki‡Z †M‡j g‡j¨i †Zv
K_vB †bB, Gm‡ei †Kvb Aw¯Z¡B _v‡K
bv| †Kbbv, gvbyl †hLv‡b cÖK…wZi m„wó
†mLv‡bB weÁv‡bi AwaKvi, †hLv‡b †m
‰PÎ msL¨v
wb‡Ri iPbv †mLv‡b weÁvb †eKvi|
†cÖg, †mŠ›`h©¨ BZ¨vw` gvby‡li wb‡Ri m„wó
e‡j weÁvb G‡`i m¤^‡Ü wbe©vK A_ev
mw›`nvb| wKš‘ G‡`i mvabvB gbyl¨‡Z¡i
mvabv, Z_v mf¨Zvi mvabv| Ô†hvM¨Z‡gi
D×Ë©bÕ bxwZ GB mvabvi cwicš’x, †Kbbv
ZvÕ ïay euvPevi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq bL`š I
bL`‡ši ¯’vbxq e›`yK-†evgv-m½xb‡KB
eo K‡i †Zv‡j-D`vi eywׇK eR©b K‡i
m¼xY© eyw×i AvkÖq MÖnY Ki‡Z †kLvq|
d‡j gvby‡li A‡avMwZ N‡U|
gvbyl ïay D×Z©‡b Z…ß _vK‡Z cv‡i bv,
weKvkB Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Avi Zv‡ZB
gbyl¨‡Z¡i Rq| D×Z©‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨vwaK
D‡ØM weKv‡ki cÖwZK‚j| †Kbbv ZvÕ
ïay m¼xY© eyw×-AvwkÖZ m‡›`n I N„Yvwe‡Øl‡K eo K‡i †Zv‡j, Avi m‡›`nwe‡Øl weKv‡ki mnvq bq, Ašivq| †m
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq D`vi eyw×-jvwjZ Avb›`
Avi †cÖg-Av‡jvK Avi gvayh©¨| K_vq
e‡j mveav‡bi gvi †bB, wKš‘ Avm‡j
AwZ mveav‡biB AvwÍK g„Zz¨ N‡U|
fqvZ©Zvi d‡j Zvi AvÍv msKzwPZ I
gwjb n‡q hvq| AvÍi¶vi ZvwM‡` †h
Rxe‡bi A‡avMwZ N‡U, AšZt Dbœqb
nq bv, Dw™¢` RM‡Zi w`‡K ZvKv‡jB
ZvÕ mn‡R Dcjwä Kiv hvq| cï‡`i
m‡½ msMÖv‡g wU‡K _vKvi D‡Ï‡k¨B †Kvb
†Kvb e„¶ wZ³ ev DMÖMÜhy³ †`n wb‡q
A¼zwiZ nq| †ej I †jey cvZvi DMÖMÜ
Zv‡`i †`‡n KvuUvi DrcwË cï‡`i m‡½
jovB‡q wU‡K _vKvi ZvwM‡`B| Ggb †h
†Mvjvc, GKKv‡j †mI eb¨ cy®c wQj,
Mv‡qi KvuUv †`L‡jB Zv †Ui cvIqv hvq|
gvby‡li nv‡Z c‡o GLb †m mf¨-fe¨
n‡q‡Q| GLb †m `ye©j, Amnvq-†eovi
wfZi Qvov evuP‡Z cv‡i bv| ivó« †hgb
gvbyl‡K i¶v K‡i, ivó«‡K i¶v KivI
†Zgwb gvby‡li KZ©e¨ n‡q c‡o| wKš‘
†hw`b ivó« e‡j: AvwgB me, Avgv‡K i¶v
Ki; †Zvgv‡`i wb‡Ri w`‡K ZvKvevi
`iKvi †bB, Avgvi cRv KivB †Zvgv‡`i
Rxe‡bi mv_©KZv, †mw`b mZ¨B gvby‡li
`yw`©b, †mw`b gvby‡li mewKQy bó n‡q
hvq|
†Mvjv‡ci Kv‡Q hw` Ô†hvM¨Z‡gi D×Z©bÕ
bxwZ evievi AvIovb hvq, Avi ejv nq
†h, Mi€-QvMjiv Zv‡K MÖvm Kievi Rb¨
Pviw`‡K Ir †c‡Z Av‡Q, †Zv cvcwo¸wj
KuvUvq cwiYZ n‡q †Mvjv‡ci †MvjvcZ¡
bó n‡Z wej¤^ n‡e bv| AwP‡iB Zvi
†mŠ›`h©¨ hv‡e aŸ‡m, Avi Zvi K`h©¨Zv I
KvwVb¨ gv_v DuwP‡q AvÍ-†NvlYv Ki‡e|
gbyl¨Z¡ m¤^‡ÜI GK_v Lv‡U| msKxY©Zv
gbyl¨Z¡-†Mvjv‡ci cvcwo¸wj‡K KuvUvq
cwiYZ K‡i| msKxY©Zvi †Mvovq fq†L‡q †dj‡e GB k¼v ÔmvievBfvj Ae w`
wd‡UóÕ bxwZ GB fxwZi cwi‡cvlK| Zv
k΀i K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q, fzwj‡q †`q
bv; Avi k΀‡K bv fzj‡Z cvi‡j my›`i
nIqv hvq bv| wn›`y-gymjgvb ci¯ci‡K
Kv‡jv i‡½ wPwÎZ K‡i †`L‡j Zv‡`i
jvf n‡e bv, ¶wZ n‡e-†m Kv‡jvi cÖfve
Kvwjgv †jcbKvixi Pwi‡ÎI jvM‡e|
Aci‡K fv‡jv †f‡eB Avgiv fv‡jv n‡Z
cvwi, Lvivc †f‡e bq| evN ev mv‡ci
m‡½ evm KiwQ GB m‡PZbZv gbyl¨‡Z¡i
cwie‡Z© cïZ¡‡KB euvwP‡q iv‡L| K‚Ueyw×
I _ªn«¯^`„wó ivR‰bwZK Zv eyS‡Z cv‡ib
bv e‡j wfbœ mgv‡Ri `yiwfmwÜ I
Pµvš‡K eo K‡i Zz‡j wb‡Ri mgv‡Ri
¶wZB K‡ib, Kj¨vY bq| gvbyl‡K fv‡jv
fve‡Z n‡e wb‡Ri fv‡jvi Rb¨B; wb‡Ri
wfZ‡ii †kÖô e„w˸wj‡K mwµq ivLevi
GB GKgvÎ Dcvq| fq I m‡›`n Rxe‡bi
c‡¶ gvivÍK, GB wek¦vm bv _vK‡j
Rxeb Amy›`i n‡q c‡o, †Lvk‡gRvR I
envj ZweqZ bó nq; Avi Zv bó n‡j
gvby‡li fv‡jv Kv‡RiI gj¨ †`Iqv hvq
bv| D‡ËRbvi e‡k K…Z Knr Kv‡RiI
gj¨ Kg| ZvB Ô†hvM¨Z‡gi D×Z©bÕ bxwZ
†Rv‡i-†kv‡i cÖPvi bv KivB fv‡jv| hw`
GKvšB ej‡Z nq, Z‡e Zv †hb `ye©‡ji
Kv‡b Kv‡b ejv nq, me‡ji Kv‡b Kv‡b
bq| mej‡K ZvÕ K‡i Zzj‡e AZ¨vPvix
I ¯^vwaKvi-cÖgË-AZ¨vPv‡ii `vk©wbK
mg_©b †c‡q †m kw³i Ace¨envi
Ki‡e|
d‡j gvby‡li wfZ‡ii †QvU gvbylwUB
cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i, eo gvbylwU bó n‡q
hvq| †mevi Afv‡e †`eZv Ašwn©Z nb,
gw›`i Lvwj c‡o _v‡K|
Ô†hvM¨Z‡gi D×Z©bÕ bxwZi my¯có cÖKvk
A_©-cÖwZcwËi †jv‡f| Pwi·K KjywlZ
Ki‡Z Gi g‡Zv Avi wØZxq wKQyB
†bB| GB †jv‡fi nv‡Z hviv aiv †`q,
Zv‡`i Ae¯’v mZ¨B gvivÍK n‡q c‡o|
AwP‡iB Zviv Rxeb-a‡b ewÂZ n‡q `xb
n‡q c‡o| Zv‡`i bv _v‡K †mŠ›`h©¨‡eva,
bv _v‡K Avb›` MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv| Zv‡`i
Rxeb n‡q c‡o duvKv, Avi †mB duvK cY©
Kievi Rb¨ Zv‡`i A_©-cÖwZcwË jv‡fi
†Póv AviI †e‡o P‡j| d‡j ab hZ
ev‡o Rxeb ZZ wba©b n‡Z _v‡K, wm›`yK
hZ fwZ© nq, Aši ZZ kb¨ n‡Z _v‡K|
GB kb¨ Rxeb wb‡q A_©-cÖwZcwËi †Rv‡i
Zviv mgv‡Ri †bZv n‡q `uvovq, mgvR†`‡n msµwgZ K‡i mgv‡Ri A‡kl ¶wZ
K‡i|
†kÖôZvi AvivabvB gvby‡li KZ©e¨,
wbK…óZvi cRv bq| Avi †kÖôZvi
Avivabvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ekx
cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖK…Z AbyivM| AbyivMB
KwVb e¨vcvi‡K mnR K‡i †Zv‡j, c½y‡K
wMwi jNb Kivq| †kÖô e„wËmgn‡K
fv‡jvevm‡jB wbK…ó e„wËmg‡ni `vex
K‡g Av‡m, bB‡j Zv‡`i Ryjy‡gi Aš
_v‡K bv| eo wKQy‡K fv‡jv bv evm‡j
†QvU wKQyi AZ¨vPv‡i Rxeb RxY© n‡q
Av‡m-fv‡jvevmv‡K eo bv Rvb‡j
N„Yv-we‡Ø‡li Rq Awbevh©¨ n‡q I‡V|
Ô†hvM¨Z‡gi D×Z©bÕ bxwZ cÖ‡qvR‡bi
fvIZvq eo wRwbm‡K †QvU, Avi †QvU
wRwbm‡K eo K‡i Zz‡j gvby‡li A‡kl
AKj¨vY K‡i| †mŠ›`h©¨ I Avb‡›`i Dci
†Rvi bv w`‡q wU‡K _vKvi cÖe„wËi Dci
†Rvi †`q e‡j Zv Rxe‡bi K`h© ¶zav‡KB
eo K‡i †Zv‡j| myZivs ÔAv‡M wU‡K
_vKv c‡i †mŠ›`h©¨Õ GB bxwZi cÖkÖq bv
†`IqvB fv‡jv, †Kbbv; Zv‡Z kvjxbZvi
I †kvfbZvi `vex bx‡P c‡o hvq, Avi
ee©i AwaKvi-e„wË †jwjnvb wRnŸv †g‡j
†aB-†aB b„Z¨ Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡K mshZ
Ki‡Z cv‡i †mŠ›`h©¨-†cÖg, Ab¨ wKQy bq|
bxwZi kvmb GLv‡b e¨_©|
gvby‡li Rb¨ eo bxwZ †cÖ‡gi bxwZ, wnsmv
ev we‡Ø‡li bxwZ bq| †hvMZ‡gi D×Z©b
gZev` GB †cÖ‡gi bxwZ‡Z Awek¦vmx K‡i
gvbyl‡K me©bv‡ki c‡_ Pvjvq| cÖ‡qvRbxq
g›`-e¨vcvi (Necessary evil) hLb
Rxe‡bi mvie¯‘ (Summum bonum
of life) n‡q I‡V, ZLb Rxe‡bi Avi
wKQyB _v‡K bv-cÖK…Z Hk¦‡h©i e¨vcv‡i Zv
G‡Kev‡iB dZzi n‡q c‡o| euvPvi mvabv
Avi Hk¦‡h©i mvabv GK bq, Hk¦‡h©i Rb¨
Z¨v‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb| †QvU wRwb‡mi `vex‡K
bv `gv‡j eo wRwb‡mi `vex eo n‡q Ô†hvM¨Z‡gi D×Z©bÕ bxwZ gvbyl‡K
DV‡Z cv‡i bv| euvPvi mvabvi Avwa‡K¨i BZiZv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z †`q bv, †QvU-7
‰PÎ msL¨v
Lv‡Uv ¯^v‡_©i wbM‡o †eu‡a Zv‡K bxPgbv
K‡i M‡o †Zv‡j| †QvU fve me mgqB
eo fve‡K e¨_© K‡i‡Q I Ki‡e|
AZGe, eo fv‡ei cÖwZ we‡kl AbyivM bv
_vK‡j Zvi †Kvb fimv _v‡K bv| m‡Z¨i
Rq n‡eB GK_v fzj, Rq †nvK ev bv
†nvK, m‡Z¨i Rb¨ cÖvYcvZ Kiv DwPZ,
G-K_vB wVK| wg_¨v Avkvi m‡Z¨i †Rvi
K‡g Av‡m-civR‡qi j¶Y †`L‡Z gb
wØavwš^Z nq|
`k©b m¤^‡Ü Dc‡i hv ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi
GKwU bRxi m¤cÖwZ Avgvi †Pv‡L
c‡o‡Q| `vk©wbK hLb e‡jb, gvby‡li
weKv‡ki cðv‡Z A_©bxwZB cÖavb,
ZLb wZwb mvaviY mZ¨B cÖPvi K‡ib,
wKš‘ `k©‡bi mg_©‡b GB mvaviY mZ¨B
gnvgj¨ n‡q †`Lv †`q Ges G‡K AwZµg
Kivi kw³ †h e¨w³-gvby‡li Av‡Q, gvbyl
ZvÕ fz‡j hvq| d‡j gvby‡li BŽQvkw³
msKzwPZ n‡q Av‡m-gvbyl gnr I my›`i
Rxe‡bi `vwqZ¡ A¯^xKv‡ii c_ Lyu‡R
cvq Ges Ac‡ii gnZ¡ I †mŠ›`h©¨‡K
†QvU K‡i †`Lvi my‡hvM jvf K‡i|
G‡Z Zvi ¶wZ nq we¯i-ev¯e-DËxY©
nIqvi AvwÍKkw³ †_‡K ewÂZ nq
e‡j Zvi ¯^vaxbmËv wKQyB _v‡K bv, †m
Ae¯’vi `vmgvÎ n‡q c‡o| GK cÖKv‡ii
wbi€‡ØM Rxeb †m jvf K‡i e‡U, wKš‘
GB wbi€‡ØMZv wb®cÖvYZvi bvgvši Qvov
Avi wKQyB bq| g‡bi Kvbœv Zvi †_‡g
hvq, Avi GB g‡bi KvbœvB †h gnr m„wói
†cÖiYv, ZvÕ †m Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| A_ev g‡bi KvbœvI _v‡g bv, Zvi
D‡Ïk¨B ïay cwiewZ©Z nq-A_© †mŠ›`h©¨
I Avb‡›`i ¯’vb `Lj K‡i e‡m, Avi
m‡½ m‡½ Zvi wfZ‡i wK GKUv kw³i
Acg„Zz¨ N‡U| GB kw³ Avi wKQyB bq,
†mŠ›`h©¨ I Avb‡›`i ¶zav| Gi Aemv‡bi
m‡½ m‡½ AvwÍK kw³ iwnZ n‡q gvbyl
gvsmwc‡Û cwiYZ nq|
m„wói †Mvovq eyfz¶v ev †e`bv| †e`bvi
d‡jB Am¤¢e m¤¢e nq| `vk©wb‡Ki
wk¶vi d‡j Kx K‡i GB †e`bvi g„Zz¨
nq; B`vbxs Zvi GKwU cÖgvY †c‡qwQ|
Avgvi Zi€Y eq‡m R‰bK wK‡kvi eq¯‹
Qv·K Avgvi Lye fv‡jv jvMZ| wZwb
gv‡S gv‡S gymjgvb mgv‡Ri gvbwmK
`xbZv m¤^‡Ü `ytL cÖKvk Ki‡Zb, Avi
huviv †mKv‡j GB ˆ`b¨ `i Kivi AvšwiK
†Póv KiwQ‡jb, Zuv‡`i cÖksmv Ki‡Zb|
Zuvi gy‡L Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i K_vB wQj,
ivRbxwZK‡`i K_v bq| wZwb ej‡Zb,
ivRbxwZKiv AwaKvi Av`vq K‡ib e‡U,
wKš‘ my›`i I Avbw›`Z Rxe‡bi †cÖiYv †`b
Kwe-mvwnwZ¨Kiv; Zuviv mgv‡Ri cÖK…Z
mªóv, gvby‡li Aš‡i Zvu‡`iB wmsnvmb|
Z‡e gv‡S gv‡S †h ivRbxwZKiv eo n‡q
I‡Vb, Zvi KviY mgv‡Ri i€Mœ Ae¯’v;
cxwo‡Zi Kv‡Q Wv³viB eo, eÜz bq|
wKš‘ my¯’ Ae¯’vq Gi wecixZUvB wVK|
AvaywbK Kv‡j †h ivRbxwZKiv c„w_ex‡Z
eo ¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Qb, Zvi KviY c„w_
exi cxwoZ Ae¯’v| GK wnmv‡e †`L‡Z
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hvq| hy‡×i Dš§v`bv GB gyw³i my‡hvM
n‡q †`Lv †`q; ZvB hy‡×i bv‡g †Q‡jey‡ov mK‡jiB Dj-­vm| ivRbxwZI GK
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-8
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bZzev Zvi K`h©¨Zvi Aš _vK‡e bv|
msmvi-ag© mK‡jiB cvjb Ki‡Z nq
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w`‡K bRi bv ivL‡j msmvi n‡q c‡o
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nq| iv‡ó« evm K‡i ÔRxebÕ| Rxeb gK;
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myôz e¨e¯’v n‡ŽQ wK? KwZc‡qi eo nIqvi GK AwbeŸ©Pbxq Avb›` †_‡K Zv‡K
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m‡½ Avevi Avgvi †`Lv nq wKQy w`b cix¶v, †WcywU g¨vwR‡÷ªU, Gg Gj G
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-9
Dc‡ii `vk©wbK gZev` †mŠ›`h©¨ I
Avb‡›`i e¨vcv‡i ¶zavgv›`¨ NwU‡q
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MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| gvbyl Ae¯’vi `vm bq,
cÖfz-------GUvB gvby‡li Rb¨ me‡P‡q
eo Avk¦v‡mi K_v| mvaviYfv‡e gvby‡li
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K_v Avcbv-Avcwb G‡m c‡o-wKš‘
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K_v g‡b bv-I Avm‡Z cv‡i| Avi
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I kvjxbZv G‡b †`Iqvi ¶gZv iv‡L|
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GB hy×weaŸ¯’ †`k‡K cybM©Vb Kg©Kv‡Û wZwb 1378 mv‡ji ˆPÎ gv‡mi mKj
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- 10
‰PÎ msL¨v
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nvwW©R †ij †mZzmn 291 wU †ij †mZz, _vbv I BDwbqb ch©v‡q ¯^v¯’¨ †K›`ª
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¯^vaxbZv hy‡× †`‡ki cÖvq cÖwZwU ¯‹zj- R‡ji Rb¨ webvg‡j¨ bjK‚c mieivn
K‡j‡R cvwK¯vb mvgwiK evwnbx I Kiv nq| bvix cybe©vmb †evW© MVb Kiv
ivRvKvi, Avj-e`i evwnbxi K¨v¤c Ges gwnjv‡`i Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v M„nxZ
¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj| civR‡qi c‡e© Zviv nq|
G¸‡jv‡K aŸsm K‡i ev R¡vwj‡q †`q| K…wl
e½eÜz hy× weaŸ¯’ evsjv‡`‡k wk¶vi ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i ci MÖvg ch©v‡q 22
Dci me©vwaK ¸i€Z¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib| j‡¶i †ewk K…lK cwievi‡K cybe©vmb
cÖv_wgK wk¶v‡K RvZxqKiY Kiv nq| Ki‡Z nq| Zv‡`i K…wl hšcvwZ I
Ae‡nwjZ cÖv_wgK wk¶K‡`i miKvix Ab¨vb¨ K…wl welqK †gŠj KvVv‡gv
PvKz‡ii gh©v`v †`qv nq| 11 nvRvi wbg©v‡Y mnvqZv`v‡bi cvkvcvwk bvggvÎ
bZzb cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj ¯’vcb I cÖvq Aa© j¶ g‡j¨ Ges webvg‡j¨ K…wl DcKiY, exR,
wk¶K wb‡qvM Kiv nq| cÖv_wgK wk¶v‡K mvi, KxUbvkK Jla mieivn Kiv nq|
eva¨ZvgjK Kiv nq| cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji n«vmK…Z g‡j¨ 40 nvRvi kw³PvwjZ
Qv·`i wUwd‡bi e¨e¯’v, Aóg †kÖYx ch©š †jv wjd&U cv¤c I 2900 wU Mfxi I
bvix wk¶v‡K A‰eZwbK, wk¶vi DcKiY 3000 AMfxi bjK‚c emv‡bv nq| 73
eB, LvZv, †cwÝj webvg‡j¨ mieiv‡ni m‡bi g‡a¨B|Õ 72 m‡bB webvg‡j¨ ev
e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K AvaywbK, bvggvÎ g‡j¨ AwaK dj‡bi Rb¨ avb
weÁvbm¤§Z, e„wËgjK I KvwiMwi wk¶vq exR weZiY Kiv nq 16,125 Ub. cvU
DbœxZ Kivi j‡¶ Wt Kz`iZ-B-Ly`v wk¶v exR 454 Ub I Mg exR 1,037 Ub|
Kwgk‡bi MYgyLx mve©Rbxb wk¶vbxwZi GQvovI cvwK¯vbx Avg‡ji FYMÖ¯’
ev¯evqb ïi€ nq| †U·÷ eyK †evW© MVb, K…lK‡`i Dci Rvix Kiv 10 j‡¶i
gv`ªvmv wk¶v‡K AvaywbKxKiY, BmjvwgK Dci mvwU©wd‡KU gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i
dvD‡Ûkb MVb Kiv nq| e¨vcKfv‡e Zv‡`i mKj e‡Kqv FY my`mn gvd
QvÎe„wË I cÖwk¶Y myweav cÖ`vb Kiv K‡i †`qv nq| 25 weNv ch©š Rwgi
nq| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi KvjvKvbyb evwZj LvRbv wPiZ‡i iwnZ Kiv nq| K…wlcY¨
I ¯^vqZ¡kvmb cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wkíKjv we‡kl K‡i avb, cvU, ZvgvK I Av‡Li
GKv‡Wgx, †mÝikxc e¨ZxZ bvUK Kivi b¨vh¨gj¨ cÖvwßi j‡¶¨ ÔcÖvBm mv‡cvU©Õ
AwaKvi Ges MYgva¨g‡K RbM‡Yi ev bb¨Zg gj¨ †eu‡a †`qv nq| Mixe
¯^v‡_© e¨envi Kivi bxwZgvjv cÖYqb I K…lK‡`i †ik‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| Zv‡`i
ev¯evqb Kiv nq| K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i webv †eZ‡b I miKvwi Li‡P
- 11
wk¶vi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq|
1975 m‡bi 15 AvM‡÷i c‡e© f‚wgnxb
K…lK‡`i msL¨v wQ‡jv 35 fvM| H
f‚wgnxb K…lK‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg
cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v nq| 100 weNv Rwgi
wmwjs wba©vwiZ nq| ¯^vaxbZvi mgq
30 j¶ Ub Lv`¨ NvUwZ wQ‡jv| Pvwl
Rwgi GK Z…Zxqvsk wQ‡jv Abvev`x|
e½eÜzi miKvi Abvev`x Rwgi Avev`
I Lv`¨ NvUwZ Kwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨
bvbvfv‡e K…lK‡`i mgm¨v mgvavbK‡í
AwZ `ª€Z c`‡¶c I cwiKíbv MÖnY
K‡ib Ges MÖvgwfwËK Kg©mPx †NvlYv
K‡ib|
evsjv‡`k K…wl Dbœqb ms¯’vi Aax‡b wZb
ai‡bi †mP cÖKí ev¯evwqZ nq
1| kw³ PvwjZ cv¤c,
2| Mfxi bjK‚c,
3| AMfxi bjK‚c I †mP cÖKí|
†`‡k GB kw³ PvwjZ cv¤c cÖK‡íi
`ª€Z DbœwZ nq| 1968-69 m‡b †hLv‡b
cv‡¤ci msL¨v wQj 11 nvRvi †mLv‡b
1974-75 m‡b Zv e„w× †c‡q `uvovq
36 nvRv‡i| Gi d‡j †m‡Pi AvIZvaxb
Rwgi cwigvY 1970 m‡b 26 j¶ GKi
†_‡K 1975 m‡b 36 j¶ GK‡i DbœxZ
nq| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Lv`¨ Drcv`b †e‡o
hvq| 1969-70 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 197374 mv‡j ivmvqwbK mvi 74%, †cvKvi
Jla 40%, DbœZ exR e¨envi 25% e„w×
cvq| K…wl M‡elYvi Dci we‡kl ¸i€Z¡
Av‡ivc Kiv nq| wek¦ evRv‡i ivmvqwbK
mv‡ii `vg eû¸‡Y e„w× †c‡jI †m
Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡k mv‡ii `vg e„w× Kiv
nqwb| 1974 mKv‡j BDwiqv, cUvk,
wU.Gm.wc mv‡ii `vg gY cÖwZ wQj gvÎ
20 UvKv, 15 UvKv, 10 UvKv|
wkí
¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯vbx evwnbx,
AevOvwj wkícwZ I cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©viv
hy‡× Awbevh© civRq eyS‡Z †c‡i wk‡í
wb‡qvwRZ PjwZ gjab, gj¨evb hšvsk
G‡`k †_‡K cwðg cvwK¯v‡b cvPvi
K‡i †`q| GKBmv‡_ ¯’vqx m¤c`
KjKviLvbv †gwkbcÎ A‡K‡Rv wKsev
aŸsm K‡i †i‡L hvq| ZvQvov GBme
wkí KviLvbvq AevOvwj‡`i †ekx
PvKzix wQ‡jv| ¯^vaxbZvi Ae¨ewnZ c‡i
‰PÎ msL¨v
mvwe©K A‡_©B msK‡U c‡o GB me wkí
KviLvbv APj n‡q c‡o| AwZ Aí
mg‡qi g‡a¨ GB aŸsmcÖvß APj wkí
cÖwZôv‡b miKv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b Drcv`b
cÖwµqv ïi€ nq| Õ73 m‡bi Zzjbvq
wPwb, mZv, e¯ Ges BwÄwbqvwis `ªe¨vw`i
Drcv`‡b †h D‡j-­L‡hvM¨ e„w× j¶ Kiv
wM‡qwQj 1974-75 m‡b †mB cÖeYZv
eRvq _v‡K, Drcv`b ev‡o 12%| wg‡j
ˆZix mZv I e¯ e„w× nq cÖ_g 9 gv‡m
11% Ges 3%| GQvov KwZcq `ª‡e¨i
Drcv`b DrmvnRbKfv‡e e„w× cvq, Gi
g‡a¨ Lv`¨km¨, wbDRwcÖ›U, Pv, mvB‡Kj,
ˆe`y¨wZK †Kejm& I Zvgvi Zvi BZ¨vw`
wQj cÖavb|
`ªe¨gj¨ cwiw¯’wZ
1974 mv‡j wek¦ A_© e¨e¯’vq gy`ªvùxwZ
Zxeª AvKvi aviY K‡i| hvi cÖfv‡e DbœZ
wek¦mn mKj †`‡ki `ªe¨gj¨ AZ¨š
`ª€ZMwZ‡Z e„w× cvq| 1970 mv‡ji
Zzjbvq 1975 mv‡j Av‡R©w›Ubvq mKj
†fvM¨ c‡Y¨i `vg e„w× cvq 11 ¸Y,
wPwj‡Z 26 ¸Y, †Kvwiqv‡Z wZb¸Y,
e„‡U‡b wظY| 1974 mv‡ji †deª€qvwi
gv‡m wek¦evRv‡i M‡gi `vg 1972 mv‡ji
Zzjbvq Pvik ¸Y e„w× cvq| _vBj¨vÛ
1971 mv‡j AvšR©vwZK evRv‡i PvDj
weµq Ki‡Zv cÖwZ Ub 130 Wjvi, Zv
1974 mv‡ji gvP©gv‡m e„w× †c‡q `uvovq
600 Wjv‡i| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e hy×weׯ
Avg`vbxKviK †`k wnmv‡e 1974-75
mv‡j evsjv‡`‡kI †fvM¨c‡Y¨i `vg
†e‡o hvq| 1974 mv‡ji Ryb n‡Z
1975 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi ch©š gj¨ e„w×
cvq, Rvbyqvwii ci †_‡K gj¨ n«vm cvq|
XvKvq 1974 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m †gvUv
wm× PvD‡ji cÖwZ †m‡ii gj¨ wQ‡jv
4 UvKv, A‡±ve‡i e„w× †c‡q `uvov©q 7
UvKv| Z‡e †deª€qvwi-Ryb gv‡m GB gj¨
K‡g †mi cÖwZ 6 UvKvq †b‡g Av‡m|
14 AvM÷Õ75-G G‡m `uvovq 3.75
cqmv| 1975 mv‡ji †deª€qvwi †_‡K
Ryb ch©š GB mg‡q XvKv kn‡i PvDjmn
mKj cÖ‡qvRbxq †fvM¨c‡Y¨i `vg µ‡gB
n«v‡mi w`‡K †`Lv hvq|
wKš‘ e½eÜz mKj cÖwZeÜKZvi
†gvKvwejv K‡i GwM‡q †M‡Qb| gvÎ
mv‡o 3 eQ‡i 11 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi
aŸsm¯‘‡ci ci Av‡iv 3 nvRvi †KvwU
UvKvi Dbœqb ¯¤¢ `uvo Kwi‡qwQ‡jb|
1975 mv‡ji AvM‡÷i g‡a¨ wZwb
evsjv‡`k‡K RvwZmsN m`m¨c`,
KgbI‡qj&_ m`m¨c`, IAvBwm mn 14
wU AvšR©vwZK ms¯’vi m`m¨c`, 221
wU iv‡ó«i ¯^xK…wZ, wk‡ívrcv`b I K…wl
Drcv`‡b fvimvg¨ G‡b w`‡qwQ‡jb|
bZzb wk¶v e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b K‡ib| we`y¨r,
R¡vjvwb I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi DbœwZ †`‡L
wek¦ AevK n‡q‡Q| 1974-75 mv‡ji
†ev‡iv †gŠmy‡g 22 jvL 49 nvRvi Ub
Pvj Drcvw`Z nq hv 1973-74 mv‡ji
†P‡q 29 nvRvi Ub †ewk| Gi Av‡M
Drcv`b nq 34 jvL Ub Lv`¨km¨|
A_©vr Lv`¨k‡m¨ †f‡m wM‡qwQj evsjv‡`k
eb¨vi c-­ve‡bi gZB| e½eÜz wm×vš
wb‡qwQ‡jb, wW‡m¤^‡i †NvlYv †`‡eb †`k
Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤cY©| Avi GmgqB Zvi
Dci cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK P‚ovš AvNvZ
nvbv nq|
¯^vaxbZv cieZx© evsjv‡`k‡K Movi
Rb¨ e½eÜz gvÎ mv‡o wZb eQi mgq
†c‡q‡Qb| G mg‡q e½eÜzi †bZ…Z¡vaxb
miKvi A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ‡K cwiPvwjZ
K‡i‡Qb `yÕwU fv‡M| cÖ_gZt cybe©vmb I
cybM©Vb Ges wØZxqZt Dbœqb| G mg‡qi
g‡a¨ nvwW©R eªxR I ˆfie †mZzmn 567
wU †mZz wbg©vY I †givgZ, 7wU bZzb
†dwi, 1851 wU †ij IqvMb I hvÎxevnx
ewM, 460wU evm, 605wU †bŠhvb I 3wU
cyiv‡bv wegvb e›`i Pvjy K‡i Af¨šixY
†bUIqvK© cybt cÖwZôv Kiv nq| GQvov
gvBb D×vi I ms¯‹vi K‡i PUªMÖvg I
gsjv e›`i Pvjy Kiv nq| cvwK¯vbx‡`i
cwiZ¨³ e¨vsK, exgv I 580 wU wkí
BDwbU RvZxqKiY I Drcv`b¶g K‡i
jvL jvL kÖwgK-Kg©Pvixi Kg©ms¯’v‡bi
e¨e¯’v Kiv nq|
cÖMwZkxj msweavb cÖYqb, g`-Ryqv,
nvDwR-†Nvov‡`Šomn mg¯ Bmjvg
we‡ivax Kg©KvÛ wbwl×KiY, Bmjvgx
dvD‡Ûkb MVb I gv`ªvmv †evW© cÖwZôv,
cweÎ nR¡ cvj‡b miKvwi Aby`vb cÖ`vb,
IAvBwm ms¯’vi m`m¨c` jvf wQj
e½eÜzi D‡j-­L‡hvM¨ c`‡¶c|
fviZ †_‡K †div 1 †KvwU †jv‡Ki
cybe©vmb I †`‡ki Af¨š‡i 3 †KvwU
wQbœgj gvby‡li Lv`¨ ms¯’vb, 3 gv‡mi
g‡a¨ fviZxq ˆmb¨‡`i †diZ cvVv‡bv,
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i KvQ †_‡K wecyj cwigvY
A¯ wdwi‡q †bqv, gyw³hy‡× wbnZ 30
jvL knx` cwievi‡K Avw_©K mvnvh¨, 2
jvL wbh©vwZZ gv-†ev‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY,
gyw³‡hv×v Kj¨vY Uªv÷ I bvix cybe©vmb
†evW© MVb, cÖv_wgK wk¶K‡`i miKvix
- 12
Kg©Pvixi gh©v`v cÖ`vb, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
Rb¨ MYZvwšK Aa¨v‡`k cÖYqb, Wt
Kz`iZ-B-Ly`v wk¶v Kwgkb MVb, RvZxq
Rxe‡bi me©¯‡i I miKvwi Kg©Kv‡Û
evsjv fvlv cÖPjb, 11 nvRvi bZzb
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq ¯’vcbmn ¯‹zj, K‡jR,
gv`ªvmv, gmwR` cybtwbg©vY, BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb cÖwZôv, cÖwZ _vbv I BDwbq‡b
¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª ¯’vcb, †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j
wPwKrmv gnvwe`¨vjq I nvmcvZvj wbg©vY
Ges A¯’vqx ¯^v¯’¨ Kgx©‡`i ¯’vqx PvKz‡ii
gh©v`v`vb, RvZxq †mbvevwnbx, wegvb
evwnbx I †bŠevwnbxmn cÖwZi¶v evwnbx‡K
RvZxq gh©v`vq cybM©Vb, Kzwgj-­vq †`‡ki
cÖ_g mvgwiK GKv‡Wgx ¯’vcb, cywjk,
wewWAvi, Avbmvi I †emvgwiK cÖkvm‡bi
AeKvVv‡gv M‡o †Zvjv, cvwK¯v‡b AvUK
4 jvL evOvwj‡K †`‡k wdwi‡q G‡b
cybe©vwmZ Kiv, K‡qK jvL cvwK¯vwb‡K
†diZ cvVv‡bv, evOvwj RvwZ I fvlvi
gh©v`v e„w× Ges RvwZms‡N e½eÜzi
evsjvq cÖ_g fvlY `vb, RvwZms‡Ni
m`m¨c` I `yB kZvwaK iv‡ó«i ¯^xK…wZ
Av`vq, fvi‡Zi m‡½ mxgvš Pzw³ Ges
dviv°vi cvwb e›Ub Pzw³‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki
Rb¨ 44 nvRvi wKD‡mK cvwbi e¨e¯’vGme Kvh©µg wQj e½eÜz miKv‡ii
Abb¨ mvd‡j¨i D`vniY|
‰PÎ msL¨v
Bu`yi
‡gv‡gb P›`ª
Avgv‡`i evmvq Bu`yi GZ †e‡o †M‡Q
†h, Avi wKQy‡ZB †UKv hv‡”Q bv| Zv‡`i
mvnm †`‡L AevK n‡Z nq| †Pv‡Li
mvg‡bB, hyyׇ¶‡Î ˆmb¨`‡ji myPZzi
c`‡¶‡c AMÖmi nIqvi g‡Zv Iiv Ny‡i
†eovq, †`qvj Avi †g‡Si †KvY †e‡q
†e‡q Zi-Zi K‡i Qy‡UvQywU K‡i| hLb
†mB wbw`©ó c‡_ AvKw¯§K †Kvb wec`
G‡m nvwRi nq, A_©vr †Kvb ev· ev
†Kvb fvix wRwbmcÎ †mLv‡b c_ AvM‡j
e‡m, ZLb †mUv Abvqv‡m UzK K‡i †e‡q
Zviv P‡j hvq| wKš‘ iv‡Î AviI fq¼i|
GB we‡kl mgqUv‡Z Zv‡`i Kvh©Kjvc
Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li mvg‡b ey‡ov AvOzj
†`wL‡q ïi“ n‡q hvq| N‡ii †h K‡qKLvbv
fvOv †K‡ivwmb Kv‡Vi ev·, †K‡ivwm‡bi
A‡bK cyi‡bv wUb, K‡qKUv fvOv wcuwo
Avi wKQy gvwUi wRwbmcÎ Av‡Q, †mLvb
†_‡K AbeiZB LyU-LU, Uzs-Uvs BZ¨vw`
bvbv iK‡gi kã Kv‡b Avm‡Z _v‡K|
ZLb GUv Abygvb K‡i wb‡Z Avi evwK
_v‡K bv †h, GK SuvK by¨R‡`n Ac`v_©
Rxe H †K‡ivwmb Kv‡Vi ev‡·i Ic‡i
GLb iv‡Zi Avmi Ly‡j e‡m‡Q|
hvB †nvK, I‡`i Zvobvq Avwg D˨³
n‡qwQ, Avgvi †PvL Kcv‡j D‡V‡Q|
fvewQ I‡`i AvµgY Kievi Ggb wKQy
A¯¿ _vK‡jI †mUv GL‡bv †Kb h_v¯’v‡b
cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡”Q bv? GKUv Bu`yi-gviv
KjI †Kbvi cqmv †bB? Avwg Avðh©
n‡ev bv, bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i|
Avgvi gv wKš‘ Bu`yi‡K e‡ov fq K‡ib|
†`‡LwQ GKwU Bu`y‡ii ev”PvI Zuvi Kv‡Q
GKUv fvjy‡Ki mgvb| cv‡qi KvwQ w`‡q
†M‡j wZwb f‡q Pvi nvZ `~i w`‡q m‡i
hvb| Bu`y‡ii MÜ †c‡j wZwb mš¿¯— n‡q
I‡Vb, I‡`i †hgwb fq K‡ib, †Zgwb
N„YvI K‡ib| Ggb A‡b‡Ki _v‡K|
Avwg Ggb GKRb‡K Rvwb whwb mvgvb¨
GKUv †Ku‡Pv †`L‡jB fqvbK wkD‡o
I‡Vb| Avevi Ggb GKRb‡KI Rvwb
huvi gvKomv †`L‡jB f‡qi Avi Aš
_v‡K bv| Avwg wb‡RI †RuvK †`L‡j
`vi“Y fq cvB| †QvU‡ejvq Avwg hLb
Mi“i g‡Zv kvš— Ges AeyS wQjvg, ZLb
cÖvqB gvgv evwo †hZzg, we‡klZ Mfxi
el©vi w`KUvq| ZLb mgy‡`ªi g‡Zv we¯—…Z
- 13
we‡ji wfZi w`‡q †h‡Z †h‡Z el©vi R‡ji
M‡Ü Avgvi eyK f‡i G‡m‡Q, QB-Gi
evB‡i G‡m R‡ji mxgvnxb we¯—vi †`‡L
Avwg AevK n‡q †P‡q i‡qwQ, kvcjv
dzj nv‡Zi Kv‡Q †c‡j wbg©gfv‡e †U‡b
Zz‡jwQ, KL‡bv Dcyo n‡q nvZ Wzwe‡q
w`‡qwQ R‡j, wKš‘ ZLwb Avevi †Kewj
g‡b n‡q‡Q, GB eywS Kvg‡o w`‡jv!.....
Avi f‡q-f‡q Agwb nvZ Zz‡j wb‡qwQ|
†mLv‡b wM‡q hv‡`i m‡½ Avwg wg‡kwQ,
Zviv Avgvi ¯^‡kÖYxi bq e‡j AvcwË
Kievi †Kvb KviY wQj bv, Aš—Z †m
iKg AvcwË, Avk¼v ev cÖkœ Avgvi g‡b
KL‡bv Rv‡Mwb!
†mB †Q‡j‡ejvq eÜziv gv‡V Mi“ Piv‡Zv|
Zv‡`i gv_vi Pzj¸wj RjR Nv‡mi g‡Zv
`xN© Ges jvj‡P, Mv‡qi iO ev`vwg,
†Pv‡Li iOI ZvB, cv¸wj A¯^vfvweK
mi“-mi“, gvSLvb w`‡q aby‡Ki g‡Zv
euvKv, ci‡b GKLvbv MvgQv, nv‡Z GKUv
euv‡ki jvwV, AvOzj¸wj jvwVi Nl©‡Y k³
n‡q †M‡Q| Zv‡`i gyL Ggb Lvivc,
Avi e¨envi Ggb Ak-xj wQj †h, Avgvi
‰PÎ msL¨v
wfZi †h myß †hŠeb‡eva wQj, Zv A‡bK
mgq D‡ËwRZ n‡q DV‡Zv, A_P Avwg
Avgvi ¯^‡kÖYxi ms¯‹v‡i Zv gy‡L cÖKvk
Ki‡Z cviZzg bv| Zviv Avgv‡K wb‡q
VvUªv KiZ, Avgvi gyL jvj n‡q †hZ|
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb wQj hvi bvg fxg,
†m GKw`b †Lvjv gv‡Vi bZzb Rj †_‡K
GKwU cÖKvÛ †RuvK Zz‡j †mUv nv‡Z K‡i
Avgvi w`‡K †P‡q nvm‡Z-nvm‡Z ej‡j,
ÔmyKz, †Zvgvi Muv‡q Quy‡o gvi‡ev?Õ
fxg wn-wn K‡i †evKvi gZ nvm‡Z nvm‡Z
ej‡j, ÔGB w`jvg, w`jvg...Õ
†mw`‡bi K_v Av‡Rv g‡b c‡o, fx‡gi
mvn‡mi K_v fve‡Z Av‡Rv AevK jv‡M|
A‡b‡Ki Ggb ¯^fve _v‡K---†hgb
A‡b‡K †Ku‡Pv †`L‡jI fq cvq| Avwg
†Ku‡Pv †`L‡j fq cvB‡b e‡U, wKš‘ †RuvK
†`L‡j f‡q wkD‡i DwV| Gme †QvULv‡Uv
f‡qi g~‡j ey‡R©vqv ixwZbxwZi †Kvb
cÖfve Av‡Q wKbv ej‡Z cvwi‡b|
GK_v Av‡MB e‡jwQ †h Avgvi gv-I
Bu`yi †`L‡j `vi“Y fxZ n‡q c‡ob, ZLb
Zuv‡K mvgjv‡bvB `vq n‡q I‡V| Bu`yi †h
Kvco KvU‡e †mw`‡K bRi bv w`‡q ZLb
Zuvi w`‡KB bRi w`‡Z nq †ewk| GKevi
ZuviB GKUv Kvc‡oi bx‡P †Kgb K‡i
Rvwb‡b GKUv Bu`yi AvU‡K wM‡qwQ‡jv|
†m †_‡K-†_‡K †Kej cvjvevi †Póv
KiwQ‡jv, Qov‡bv Kvc‡oi Ici w`‡q
†mB cÖqvm ¯có †Pv‡L c‡o| gv cuvP
nvZ `~‡i m‡i wM‡q fvOv Mjvq wPrKvi
K‡i ej‡jb,
ÔmyKz, myKz|Õ
cÖ_g Wv‡K DËi bv †`Iqv Avgvi GKUv
Af¨vm| ZvB DËi w`‡qwQ GB †f‡e Pzc
K‡i iBjvg|
ÔÔmyKz? myKz?Õ
Gevi DËi w`jvg, †Kb?
gv Zvi njy`-evUvq iwOb kxY© nvZLvbv
Qov‡bv Kvc‡oi w`‡K a‡i †PvL eo K‡i
ej‡jb-ÔIB `¨vL|Õ
Avwg wei³ njyg| Bu`y‡ii R¡vjvqcÖvY
IôvMZ n‡e Avi Kx! GZ Bu`yi †Kb?
cig kΓ wK †Kej AvgivB| Avwg
KvcoUv miv‡Z hvw”Q, Agwb gv †PuwP‡q
DV‡jb, Avnv awim †b, IUv awim †b|Õ
Ô†L‡q †dj‡e bv †Zv!Õ
ÔAvnv, evnv`ywi †`Lv‡bv PvB-B|Õ
Ôgv, Zzwg bv fxZz|Õ Bu`yiUv AbeiZ
cvjvevi †Póv KiwQj| ejjvg, Av”Qv
gv, evev‡K GKUv Kj Avb‡Z ej‡Z
cvi bv? †Kvbw`b †`L‡e Avgv‡`i ch©š—
KvU‡Z ïi“ K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
Ô&Avnv †g‡i Kx n‡e? A‡eva cÖvY, K_v
ej‡Z cv‡i bv †Zv! Avi Kj Avb‡Z
cqmvB ev cv‡eb †Kv_vq? gvÕi Mjvi
¯^i wKQygvÎ KvZi n‡jv bv, †Kvb we‡kl
K_v ej‡Z n‡jI Zvi Mjvi ¯^i Ggwb
AKvZi _v‡K Ges AZ¨š— ms‡¶‡c †kl
n‡q hvq| †kl nIqvi ci Avi GK
wgwbUI wZwb †mLv‡b _v‡Kb bv| wZwb
Agwb P‡j †M‡jb|
Zvi †Q‡ji fwel¨r ¯§iY K‡i Mfxi
m‡›`‡ni D‡`ªK nqwb| Avgv‡K AvkÖq
K‡iB Kg Avkv Rš§ wb‡qwQj| A_P †m
me Avkvi kvLv-cÖkvLv GLb †Kv_vq?
Avwg ej‡Z wØav Ki‡ev bv, †m me kvLvcÖkvLv †Zv Qovqwb, eis gvwUi M‡f© ¯’vb
wb‡q‡Q| GKUv mywe‡a n‡q‡Q GB †h,
cvwievwiK †¯^”QvPvwiZvi A‡±vcvm †_‡K
†invB cvIqv †M‡Q, Avwg GKUz wbwiwewj
_vK‡Z †c‡iwQ|
wKš‘ wbwiwewj _vK‡Z PvB‡jB wK Avi
_vKv hvq? Bu`y‡iiv Avgvq cvMj K‡i
Zzj‡e bv? Avwg †ivR †`L‡Z cvB GKUv
†K‡ivwmb Kv‡Vi ev· ev fvOv wU‡bi
wfZi Xz‡K Iiv AbeiZ Uzs-Uvs kã
Ki‡Z _v‡K, ¶xY n‡jI AweiZ Ggb
GKUv Bu`yi-gviv Kj wKb‡Z cqmv jvM‡e, AvIqvR Ki‡Z _v‡K †h AbwZKvj
GUv Avgvi Av‡M g‡b wQj bv| Zv nÕ†j c‡iB †mUv GKUv wekÖx m½x‡Zi AvKvi
Avwg ejZzg bv| KviY GB ai‡bi K_vq aviY K‡i Ges m‡½ m‡½ ïay Avgvi
Ggb GKUv we‡kl Ae¯’vi Qwe g‡b Rv‡M †Kb A‡b‡KiB welg weiw³i KviY
hv †Kej GKUv mxgvnxb gi“f‚wgi gZb| n‡q `uvovq| GKUv KzKzi hLb KuwK‡q
gi“f‚wg‡ZI A‡bK mgq Rj †g‡j, KuwK‡q Av‡¯— Av‡¯— Kvu`‡Z _v‡K, ZLb
wKš‘-G gi“f‚wg‡Z Rj wgj‡e, Ggb †mUv †KD mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i? Avwg Aš—Z
AvkvI Kwiwb| GB gi“f‚wgi BwZnvm Kwi‡b| Agb nq| hLb GKUv wekÖx kã
Avgvi ARvbv bq| Avgvi cv‡qi bx‡P †h ax‡i ax‡i GKUv wekÖx m½x‡Zi AvKvi
evwj Pvcv c‡o‡Q, †h evjyKYv Av‡kcv‡k aviY K‡i ZLb †mUv Amn¨ bv n‡q
Qwo‡q Av‡Q, Zviv wdm&-wdm& K‡i †mB hvq bv| Bu`yi¸wji Kvh©KjvcI Avgvi
BwZnvm e‡j| Avwg gb w`‡q ïwb| Ávb Kv‡Q †miKg GKUv weiw³i KviY n‡q
nIqvi ci †_‡K AvVv‡iv eQi eqm Aewa `uvwo‡qwQj|
G wb‡q Av‡evj-Zv‡evj A‡bK †f‡ewQ,
wKš‘ Av‡evj-Zv‡evj fvebv gw¯—‡®‹i nv‡U
KL‡bv wewµ nq bv| Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ m‡›`n Avi GKw`b gv wPrKvi K‡i †W‡K
Ges wek¦vm, `yB-B cÖPzi wQj, ZvB Ck¦i‡K DV‡jb, ÔmyKz! myKz!Õ
K…ò e‡j bvgKiY K‡i †W‡KwQ, †n e‡jwQ †Zv cÖ_g Wv‡KB DËi †`Iqvi
K…ò, G c„w_exi mevB‡K hv‡Z G‡Kev‡i g‡Zv KwVb ZrciZv Avgvi †bB|
eo‡jvK K‡i w`‡Z cvwi †Zgb ei Avgv‡K
`vI| iex›`ªbv‡_i Ôcik cv_iÕ KweZv gv Avevi AvZ©¯^‡i WvK‡jb, ÔmyKz?Õ
c‡o †f‡ewQ, Bm, GKUv cikgwY hw` Avi Z…Zxq Wv‡Ki A‡c¶v bv K‡i
†cZzg| m‡½ m‡½ A‡bK †jvK‡K mwZ¨B wb‡R‡K gvi Kv‡Q h_vixwZ ¯’vcb K‡i
wR‡Ám K‡i e‡mwQ ÔAv”Qv, cikgwY Zuvi A½ywjwb‡`©‡k hv †`Ljyg Zv‡Z hw`
cv_i AvRKvjI †jv‡K cvq? †Kv_vq wew¯§Z nevi KviY _v‡K ZeyI wew¯§Z
cvIqv hvq ej‡e?Õ
njyg bv| †`Ljyg, Avgv‡`i K¡wPr-Avbv
`y‡ai fvowU GKcv‡k nuv K‡i Avgvi
w`‡K †P‡q Av‡Q Avi ZviB cvk w`‡q
Avwg hLb †QvU wQjyg, Avgv‡`i e„nr GKUv mv`v c_ ˆZwi K‡i GK cÖKvÛ Bu`yi
cwiev‡ii †jvK¸wji wbg©j †`‡n `ª“Z P‡j †Mj| GLv‡b GKUv K_v e‡j
ZL‡bv A_©nxbZvi QvqvUzKz c‡owb| ivwL, †Kvb we‡kl Lei ï‡b †Kvb we‡kl
ey‡R©vqviv‡Ri fvO‡bi w`b ZL‡bv D‡ËRbv ev fvevš—i cÖKvk Kiv Avgvi
e¨vcKfv‡e ïi“ n‡q hvqwb| ïi“ bv ¯^fv‡e †bB e‡jB evievi cÖgvwYZ n‡q
nIqvi Avwg GB gv‡b K‡iwQ †h, ZL‡bv †M‡Q| Kv‡RB GLv‡bI Zvi Awfbq n‡e
A‡bK Rb‡Ki cÖmvwiZ g‡bi AvKv‡k bv, G K_v ejvB evûj¨| †`L‡Z †cjyg,
- 14
‰PÎ msL¨v
Avgvi gvÕi cvZjv †Kvgj gyLLvwb †Kgb
GK Mfxi †kv‡K cvÛzi n‡q †M‡Q, †PvL
`ywU Mi“i †Pv‡Li g‡Zv Ki“Y, Avi †hb
cÙc‡Î K‡qK †duvUv Rj UjUj Ki‡Q,
GLywb †Ku‡` †dj‡eb|
`ya hw` we‡kl GKUv Lv`¨ n‡q _v‡K
Ges Zv hw` wb‡R‡`i Avw_©K Kvi‡Y
KL‡bv `yj©f n‡q `uvovq Ges †mUv hw`
AK¯§vr †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y cvK¯’wj‡Z †cÖiY
Kivi A‡hvM¨ nq, Z‡e AK¯§vr †Ku‡`
†djv Lye Avð‡h©i e¨vcvi bq| gv Agwb
†Ku‡` †dj‡jb, Avi Avwg Pzc K‡i
`uvwo‡q iBjyg, Ggb GKUv Ae¯’vq Pzc
K‡i `uvwo‡q _vKv Qvov Avi †Kvb DcvqB
†bB| gvÕi †Q‡jgvby‡li gZ duywc‡q
duywc‡q Kvbœv Avi wewb‡q-wewb‡q K_v
Avgvi †Pv‡Li `„wóc_‡K A‡bK`~i ch©š—
cÖmvwiZ K‡i w`‡jv, AviI Mfxi K‡i
Zzj‡jv| Avwg †`L‡Z †cjyg AvKv‡k
ga¨v‡ýi m~h© cÖPzi AwMœel©Y Ki‡Q, bx‡P
c„w_exi a~wjKYv AviI †ewk AwMœelx©|
Avgvi ü`‡qi †¶ZI cy‡o-cy‡o LvK
n‡q †Mj| GKwU bxj DcZ¨KvI †`Lv
hvq bv, `~‡i R‡ji wPýgvÎI †bB,
Rjš—¯—¤¢I †bB, gixwPKvI w`‡q‡Q
duvwK| fvejyg ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i Ag~j¨
MÖš’ivwR †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq? kÖxivgK…‡òi
Dc‡`kvewj Ag~j¨| mgMÖ gvbe-mgv‡Ri
Kj¨vYeªZx kÖxAiwe›` c„w_exi Ab¨Zg
†kÖô gnvcyi“l (ZL‡bv fveZzg bv wØZxq
mvgªvR¨ev`x hy× KL‡bv ïi“ n‡e)| Avgvi
gyLfw½ wPš—vKzj n‡q Gj, nvUz ¸wU †c‡Ui
Kv‡Q G‡b KzKz‡ii g‡Zv ï‡q Avwg fve‡Z
jvMjyg, Ggb †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB hv‡Z GB
weK…wZ †_‡K gyw³ cvIqv hvq|
fvix RvgvwUI Nv‡g wf‡R N‡ii wfZi
MÜ Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| Ggb GKUv wech©‡qi
c‡iI Zvi GB AweK…Z-cÖvq fve †`‡L
Avwg Avk¦¯— njyg GB †f‡e †h, ¶wZ hv
n‡q‡Q n‡q‡QB, Zvi Av‡jvPbvq Ggb
GKUv Ae¯’v hvi †Kvb cwieZ©b †bB eis
GKUv g¯— †Mvj‡hv‡Mi m~ÎcvZ n‡e, Zv
†_‡K †invB cvIqv †Mj, Lye kxMwMi
Avi Avgvi gvbwmK AebwZ NU‡e bv|
GKwU Amvo g„Z‡`n n‡q, Avgvi †PvL
†d‡U Rj †ei“‡jv, wech©‡qi c‡_ ewa©Z
n‡jI Avgvi g‡bi wkïwU AvRš§ †h
wk¶v MÖnY K‡i G‡m‡Q Zv‡Z Ggb †Kvb
K_v †jLv wQj bv| g‡b n‡jv †hb AvR
GB cÖ_g wech©‡qi gyn~Z©¸wj Pig cÖnix
†m‡R Avgvi †`vo †Mvovq Kov bvo‡Q|
Av‡M Ggb †`wLwb ev ïwbwb| Zey Avgvi
Abyf‚wZi GB wk¶v †Kv‡Ì‡K G‡jv?
ej‡Z cvwi Avgvi GB wk¶v AwZ PzwcPzwc Rš§jvf K‡i‡Q, gvwUi c„w_ex †_‡K
wKš‘ evev wKQy¶Y c‡iB myi e`jv‡jb : †m Ggbfv‡e k¦vm I im MÖnY K‡i‡Q
†Zvgiv †c‡j Kx? †Kej d‚wZ© Avi d‚wZ©| hv‡Z Uz kãI nqwb| dz‡ji myevm †hgb
`qv K‡i Avgvi w`‡K GKUz PvI| Avgvi wbtk‡ã cvLv Qwo‡q _v‡K †Zgwb Ii
kixiUv wK Avwg cv_i w`‡q ˆZwi K‡iwQ? †Pv‡Li cvLv `ywUI wbtk‡ã GB A™¢yZ
Avwg wK gvbyl bB? Avwg GZ †L‡U gwi †Ljvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z Qv‡owb| AviI
Avi †Zvgiv Iw`‡K d‚wZ©‡Z †g‡Z Av‡Qv! ej‡Z cvwi Avgvi g‡bi wkïi euvPevi
msmv‡ii w`‡K GKevi †PvL Ly‡j PvI? ev eo nevi BwZnvm hw` Rvb‡Z nq
bB‡j wU‡K _vKvB `vq n‡e|Õ
Z‡e dz‡ji m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv Avgvi P‡j|
wKš‘ †mB wk¶v AvRKvj w`‡j KB? eis
AviI Kg©nxbZvi bvgvš—i n‡jv, Avgvi
Avgvi Kv‡Q evevi GB ai‡bi K_v KuvPv kix‡ii nvZ `ywU †K‡U fvwm‡q
gvivÍK g‡b nq| Zuvi GB ai‡bi K_vi w`‡jv R‡j, `yB †PvL‡K ev®cKzj K‡i
†cQ‡b A‡bK ivM I AmwnòzZv mwÂZ wKQy¶‡Yi Rb¨ Kvbv K‡i w`j| Avwg Kx
n‡q Av‡Q e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
Kie? Avgvi wKQy Kivi Av‡Q wK?
mg‡qi c`‡¶‡ci m‡½ ¯^‡ii DËvcI
†e‡o †h‡Z jvMj| Avwg kw¼Z n‡q
DVjvg| Avi K‡qK wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨B
GB KwVb DËß AvenvIqvq †h A™¢yZ
bMœZv cÖKvk cv‡e, Zv‡Z Avgvi j¾vi
Avi mxgv-cwimxgv _vK‡e bv| Ggb
Ae¯’vi m‡½ Avgvi GKvwaKevi cwiPq
n‡jI Avgvi Mv‡qi Pvgov Zv‡Z cyi“
n‡q hvq wb, eis AvksKvi KviY AviI
h‡_ó cwigv‡Y †e‡o‡Q| †h c„w_exi m‡½
Avgvi cwiPq Zvi e¨_©Zvi gvSLv‡b GB
bMœZvi `„k¨ AviI GKwU †e`bvi KviY
mܨvi ci evev G‡jb, LeiUv ï‡b Ggb Qvov Avi wKQyB bq| evev ej‡jb, ÔAvi
fve †`Lv‡jb bv hv‡Z g‡b nq wZwb ZK© K‡iv bv ejwQ| GLvb †_‡K hvI,
nZf¤^ n‡q †M‡Qb A_ev wKQygvÎ `ytwLZ Avgvi mygyL †_‡K hvI, `~i n‡q hvI
n‡q‡Qb, eis ZvovZvwo ej‡Z Avi¤¢ ejwQ|Õ
Ki‡jb hw`I ZvovZvwo K_v ejvUv Zvi
Af¨vm bq, Ô†ek n‡q‡Q, fv‡jv n‡q‡Q|
Avwg Av‡M †_‡KB †f‡e †i‡LwQjvg ïb‡Z †cjyg, Gi c‡i evevi Mjvi ¯^i
Ggb GKUv wKQy n‡e| Av‡i, gvby‡li ivwÎi wb¯—äZv †f‡O †evgvi g‡Zv †d‡U
Rvb wb‡qB UvbvUvwb, `ya †L‡q Avi Kx co‡jv ÔZzwg hv‡e? GLvb †_‡K hv‡e
wKbv e‡jv? †Mwj ZzB Avgvi †Pv‡Li
n‡e e‡jv!Õ
mvg‡b †_‡K? kqZvb gvMxÕ.............|
evev weoweo K‡i AviI K‡Zv Kx
†`L‡Z †cjyg, evevi gyLwU hw`I ïK‡bv ej‡jb, Avwg Kv‡b AvOzj w`jyg,
Zey cÖPzi Nv‡g ˆZjv³ †`Lv‡”Q, Mv‡qi evwj‡ki g‡a¨ gyL Muy‡R c‡o iBjyg
- 15
ÔkqZvb gvMx, †ewi‡q hv!Õ
Avevi †f‡m G‡jv A™¢yZ K_v¸wj|
Gme Avwg ïb‡Z PvB‡b, Zey ïb‡Z
nq| evZv‡mi m‡½ LvwZi K‡i Zv †f‡m
Avm‡e, †Rvi K‡i Kv‡bi wfZi XzK‡e;
Avgvi `ye©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡q Avgvi g‡bi
gvwU‡Z m‡Rv‡i jvw_ gvi‡e|
Ôhv ejwQ|Õ
†Mvjgvj AviI LvwbKUv †e‡o †Mj|
wKQy c‡i gv ev®úv”Qbœ ¯^‡i WvK‡jb,
ÔmyKz! myKz!Õ
wVK ZLywb DËi w`‡Z j¾v n‡jv, fq
Ki‡jv, Zey Av‡¯— ejjvg, Ôe‡jv?Õ
gv ej‡jb, Ô`iRv †Lvj|Õ
f‡q f‡q `iRv Ly‡j w`jyg, fq n‡jv GB
†f‡e †h, Gevi A‡bK wePv‡ii m¤§yLxb
n‡Z n‡e, hv ïb‡ZI fq cvB wVK ZviB
mvg‡b GK M¤¢xi wePvicwZ n‡q mg¯—
D‡ËRbv‡K k~‡b¨ wemR©b w`‡q ivq w`‡Z
n‡e|
wKš‘ hv †f‡ewQjyg Zv Avi n‡jv bv| gv
N‡ii wfZi Xz‡KB VvÛv †g‡Si Ici
‰PÎ msL¨v
AvuPjLvbv †c‡Z ï‡q co‡jb| cvZjv
cwi”Qbœ kixiLvwb †eu‡K GKLvbv Kv‡¯—i
AvKvi aviY Ki‡jv| †Kgb Amnvq
†`Lv‡jv I‡K| †QvU‡ejvq hv‡K c„w_exi
g‡Zv wekvj †f‡ewQ, Zv‡K Ggbfv‡e
†`‡L GLb K‡Zv ¶xYRxex I Amnvq
g‡b n‡”Q| hv‡K e„nËg †f‡ewQ, †m
GLb K‡Zv ¶z`ª, †m GL‡bv ˆkke
AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb e‡j g‡b n‡PQ|
Avi Avwg K‡Zv e„nr, i‡³i PÂjZvq
gvsm‡ckxi `„pZvq, wek¦¯— c`‡¶‡c KZ
D¾¡j I gnr, H nwi‡Yi g‡Zv fxi“
†QvU †`‡ni i³ cvb K‡i GKw`b Rxeb
MÖnY Ki‡jI AvR Avwg K‡Zv kw³gvb|
Avgv‡K †KD Rv‡b? GgbI †Zv n‡Z
cvi‡Zv, AvR jÛ‡bi †Kvb BwZnvmweL¨vZ BDwbfvwm©wUi Kwi‡Wv‡ii ey‡K
wek eQ‡ii hyeK myKzgvi Mfxi wPš—vq
cvqPvwi Ki‡Q, A_ev †Ljvi gv‡V cÖPzi
bvg K‡i mKj mncvwVbxi `„wó AvKl©Y
K‡i‡Q, A_ev wÎk eQ‡ii bxjbqbv †Kvb
LvwU Bs‡iR gwnjvi axi M¤¢xwi c`‡¶c
fxi“i g‡Zv AbymiY K‡i GKw`b Zvi
†`‡ni Qvqvq e‡m †cÖg mÂvi Ki‡Q|
Ggb †Zv n‡Z cvi‡Zv, Zvi †mvbvwj
Pzj, `xN© c¶ve„Z †PvL †`‡ni †mŠifAvnv †K †mB Bs‡iR gwnjv? †m GLb
KB...........Avi †mB ¯^Y©vf ivRKzgvi
myKzgv‡ii gv H VvÛv †g‡Si Ici mvgvb¨
Kvco wewQ‡q ï‡q| GLvb †_‡K K‡Zv
†QvU Avi K‡Zv Amnvq g‡b nq| GK
A_©nxb M‡e© eyKUv cÖk¯—Zi K‡i Avwg
GKevi gvi w`‡K ZvKvjyg|
WvKjyg Ôgv? Igv?Õ
†Kvb DËi †bB| Mfxi wb¯—äZv f½ K‡i
†Kvb fMœ bvixKÚ Avgvi Kv‡bi `iRvq
G‡m AvNvZ Kij bv| Nywg‡q c‡ob wb
†Zv?
ciw`b AvenvIqvi MfxiZv wKQy gvÎ `~i
n‡jv bv| gvÕi Ggb A¯^vfvweK bxieZv
†`‡L Avgvi †QvU fvB-†ev‡biv cÖPzi
Av¯‹viv †c‡q †M‡Q †`L‡Z cvw”Q| Zviv
bMœMvÎ n‡q h‡_”Q wePiY Ki‡Z jvMj|
¯‹zjnxb †QvU †evbwU Zvi wbZ¨Kvi
Af¨vmgZ †cÖgKzmygv¯—xY© GK cÖKvÛ
Dcb¨vm wb‡q e‡m‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K PvBeviI
mgq †bB|
†mw`b A‡bK iv‡Z mviv evwo Mfxi
†auvqvq †f‡m †Mj, mK‡ji bvK-gyL
w`‡q Rj †ei“‡Z jvMj, `g eÜ n‡q
Gj| †QvU fvB-†evb‡`i Lvwj gvwU‡Z
c‡o Nygy‡Z †`‡L ivbœvN‡i wM‡q wR‡Ám
Kijyg, ÔGL‡bv ivbœv nqwb, gv?Õ
†Pv‡Li R‡j wf‡R Dbv‡bi wfZi
cÖvYc‡Y duy w`‡Z w`‡Z gv ej‡jb, Ôbv|
GLb Povw”Q?
ÔGZ †`wi n‡jv †Kb?Õ
gv Pzc K‡i iB‡jb|
eyS‡Z cvijyg| †mB cyi‡bv Kvmyw›`|
eyS‡Z cvijyg, G wRwbm mn‡R Gov‡Z
PvB‡jI mn‡R Govevi bq, Ny‡i-wd‡i
G‡m †Pv‡Li mvg‡b `uvovq, cvk KvUv‡Z
PvB‡j nvZ †P‡c a‡i, †Kvb iK‡g Gwo‡q
†M‡jI nvZ Zz‡j WvK‡Z _v‡K| GB
WvKvWvwKi BwZnvm‡K hw` AvMv‡Mvov
wjwce× Kwi Z‡e mvivRxeb wj‡LI †kl
Ki‡Z cvie bv, †KD cvi‡e bv| Zv‡Z
KZ¸wj GKB iK‡gi wPÎ MjvMwj K‡i
cvkvcvwk G‡m `uvov‡e, Avi †mŠwLb
cvV‡Ki weiw³fvRb n‡e| Avwg †Zv
Rvwb cvVK‡kÖYx Kviv? Zuv‡`i g‡bviÄb
Ki‡Z n‡j KvbœvKvwUi b¨vKvwg Pj‡e bv,
wKsev wKQy wjL‡jI UvKvi wnmveUv‡K
mh‡Zœ Gwo‡q †h‡Z n‡e ev nvwmgy‡L eiY
Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb Avgvi evev A‡bK
mgq K‡ib-cÖPzi Afv‡ei wP·KI GK
`vk©wbK e¨vL¨v w`‡q cig Avb‡›` Nvo
euvwK‡q nvm‡Z _v‡Kb| wKsev †hgb
Avgv‡`i cvovi cÖKvÛ †MvudIqvjv
iw¶Zgkvq K‡ib-N‡i AwZ ïK‡bv ¯¿x
Avi GKcvj †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Afz³ †i‡LI
c‡_-Nv‡U ivRv-DwRi †g‡i Av‡mb| ev
Avgv‡`i †cÖm Kg©Pvix g`b g~b¨Zvi
w`bwU‡K Dcev‡mi wZw_ e‡j MY¨ K‡i,
KL‡bv cÙvmb †K‡U e‡m wbgx©wjZ †Pv‡L
`yB k³ `xN© evû w`‡q eyK Pvcov‡Z
Pvcov‡Z Ck¦i‡K mkix‡i †W‡K Av‡b|
Ggb nq| GQvov Avi Dcvq Kx? ¯^‡M©i
c_ i“× n‡j ga¨c‡_ G‡m `vuovB, Rxeb
Avgv‡`i Kzw¶MZ Ki‡jI Rxeb‡K cÖPzi
Ae‡njv Kwi, cÖK…wZi KivNv‡Z Wv³v‡ii
e`bvg MvB, A_ev Dשevû mbœ¨vmx n‡q
Ck¦‡ii Avivabv Kwi| Gme †`‡L Avwg
GKw`b wm×vš— K‡iwQjyg †h, `yt‡Li
mgy‡`ª hw` †KD Mjv ch©š— Wz‡e _v‡K
Z‡e Zv GB ga¨weË †kÖYx| ga¨we‡Ëi
bvg Ki‡Z wM‡q hv‡`i wRnŸvq Rj Av‡m
†mw`b Avwg Zv‡`iB GKRb n‡qwQjvg|
eÜz‡K GK †auvqv‡U inm¨gq fvlvq wPwV
- 16
wjLjyg, ÔGiv †K Rv‡bv? Giv c„w_exi
†kÖô mš—vb e‡U, wKš‘ bv †L‡q g‡i| †h
dzj Abv`‡i ïwK‡q S‡i c‡o gvwU‡Z,
Giv ZvB| Giv ˆZwi K‡i‡Q evMvb, A_P
dz‡ji †kvfv †`‡L bv| †c‡Ui wfZi
m~uP wea‡Q cÖPzi, wKš‘ wf¶vcvÎI †bB|
cwinvm! cwinvm!............Õ
HwZnvwmK e¨vL¨vi AÁZvq wb‡Ri g‡b
†h Kíbvi †mŠa M‡o Zzjjyg, Zv‡Z
wb‡Ri g‡b-g‡b cÖPzi cwiZ…ß njyg|
†h DcevmK…k weaeviv Zv‡`i m¶g
†g‡q‡`i ˆ`wnK cÖwZôvq msmvi hvÎvi
c_ †e‡q †e‡q †Kvb iK‡g KvjvwZcvZ
Ki‡Qb, Zv‡`i Rb¨ Ki“Yv †hgb n‡jv,
g‡b-g‡b cy‡Rv Ki‡Z jvMjyg AviI
†ewk|
wKš‘ †m me ¶wb‡Ki e¨vcvi| ki‡Zi
†g‡Ni g‡Zv †hgwb G‡mwQj †Zgwb
wg‡k †Mj| gM‡Ri g‡a¨ RvqMv hw`I
GKUz †c‡qwQj, †ewk w`b _vKevi VvB
n‡jv bv| AvR fvewQ Avgv‡K gyw³ w`‡q
†M‡Q, bB‡j GK Am¤c~Y© m¼xY© c„w_exi
m‡½ cwiPq n‡q _vKZ, ZLb †m fvebv
wb‡q g‡b-g‡b cwiZ…ß _vKZzg e‡U,
wKš‘ MwZi wei“‡× PjZzg, GK fxlY
cÖwZwµqvi we‡l RR©wiZ nZzg|
Ggb w`‡b GK Ajm ga¨v‡ýi m‡½
Avwg mvsNvwZK †cÖ‡g c‡o †Mjvg| †mB
`ycyiwU‡K hv fv‡jv †j‡MwQj †Kej gy‡L
ej‡j Zv h‡_ó ejv n‡e bv| †mw`b
hZUzKz AvKvk‡K †`L‡Z †cjyg Zvi
bxj‡K GZ Mfxi g‡b n‡jv †h †Pv‡Li
Ici †K †hb kxZj R‡ji cÖ‡jc w`‡q
w`j| fvebvi iv‡R¨ cvqPvix K‡i Avwg
Avgvi gxgvsmvi mxgv‡š— G‡m †cŠuQjyg
†mB ga¨v‡ý, †mLv‡b ivLjyg `„p cÖZ¨q|
AvKv‡ki bxwjgvq `yB †PvL‡K wm³ K‡i
Avwg †`L‡Z †cjyg PIov iv¯—vi cv‡kmvwi mvwi cÖKvÛ `vjvb, Zvi cÖwZ K‡¶
my¯’ mej gvby‡li c`‡¶c, wmuwo‡Z
bvbviKg Ry‡Zvi AvIqvR, †g‡q-cyi“‡li
wgwjZ wPrKvi-aŸwb c„w_exi c‡_-c‡_
ewjô `yqv‡i nvbv †`q, ewjô gvbyl cÖme
K‡i, Avwg †`L‡Z †cjyg B‡jKwUªK, Avi
†UwjMÖvd Zv‡ii AiY¨, UªvKUi Pj‡Q
gv‡Vi ci gvV cvi n‡q-Aeva¨ Rwg‡K
†f‡O-Pz‡i `‡j-gyP‡o, †mvbvi dmj
‰PÎ msL¨v
Avb‡›`i Mvb Mvq, Avi h‡š¿i Nl©‡Y I
gvby‡li nl©aŸwb‡Z GK Ac~e© msMx‡Zi
m„wó n‡jv| GK`v †h evZvm gvwUi gvby‡li
cÖwZ Dcnvm K‡i wecyj AUªnvwm †n‡m‡Q,
†mB evZv‡mi nvZ AvR KiZvwj †`q
Mv‡Qi cvZvq cvZvq| †KD ïb‡Z cvq?
hviv †kv‡b Zv‡`i bg¯‹vi|....ZvB Ajm
ga¨vý‡K gayiZi g‡b n‡jv| †`Ljyg
GK bMœ‡`n evjK iv¯—vi gvSLv‡b e‡m
GK B‡Ui UzK‡iv wb‡q Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡M
AvuK Kl‡Q| †Kvb evwo †_‡K cPv
gv‡Qi MÜ †ewi‡q‡Q †ek, m½xZwccvmyi †emy‡iv Mjvq Mvb †kvbv hv‡”Q
nvi‡gvwbqvg mn‡hv‡M GB Amg‡q, †iv`
cÖPÛ n‡jI nvIqv w`‡”Q cÖPzi, I evwoi
GK ea~ iv¯—vi K‡j GBgvÎ øvb K‡i wbR
ey‡Ki Zx²Zv‡K cÖ`k©‡bi cÖPzi AeKvk
w`‡q msKzwPZ †`‡n evwoi †fZi XzK‡jv,
`ywU gRyi †KvbiK‡g LvIqv-`vIqv †m‡i
Kqjvgwjb †e‡k Avevi †`Šo w`‡”Q|
G `„k¨ eo gayi †j‡M‡Q--Aek¨ †Kvb
ey‡R©vqv wPÎK‡ii wPiš—bx wPÎ e‡j bq|
G wPÎ †hgb Avivg †`q, †Zgwb cxovI
†`q| Avgvi fv‡jv †j‡M‡Q GB ¯§iYxq
w`bwU‡Z GK ˆeÁvwbK eyw×i ivR‡Z¡
LvwbKUv cvqPvwi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ e‡j|
PgrKvi! PgrKvi!
A‡bK iv‡Î Bu`y‡ii DrcvZ Avevi ïi“
nj| Iiv wUb Avi Kv‡Vi ev‡· `vcv`vwc
ïi“ K‡i w`j, exi`‡c© †Pv‡Li mvg‡b
w`‡q N‡ii †g‡S AwZµg K‡i `vi“Y
Dcnvm Ki‡Z jvMj|
ivbœv †kl K‡i G‡m gv mKj‡K WvKvWvwK
ïi“ K‡i w`‡jb, ÔI‡i g›UzÕ, I‡i Qwe,
I‡i bvi“, IV, evev IV|Õ
g›Uz D‡VB cÖvYc‡Y wPrKvi Avi¤¢ K‡i
w`j| Qwe hw`I GZ¶‡Y Zvi Dcb¨v‡mi
Ici Dcyo n‡q cowQj, GLb eB-UB
†d‡j †PvL ey‡R ï‡q coj|
ÔI‡i Qwe, †L‡Z Avq, Lvwe Avq!Õ
evievi Wv‡KI Qwe Uz kãwU K‡i bv|
gv fMœ K‡Ú ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi Kx †`vl
ej?Õ Avgvi Ici ivM Kwim †Kb? Mwie
n‡q Rš§v‡j........Õ
gvÕi †PvL QjQj K‡i DV‡jv, Mjv †Ku‡c
†Mj| Avwg ivM K‡i ejjyg, ÔAvnv, I bv
†L‡j bv Lv‡e, Zzwg I‡`i `vI bv?Õ
ga¨ivwÎi BwZnvm AviI we¯§qKi|
GK Aby”P K‡Úi k‡ã nVvr †R‡M DVjyg|
ïb‡Z †cjyg evev AwZ wbæ¯^‡i WvK‡Qb,
ÔKbK, I KbK, Nygy‡”Qv?Õ
evev gv‡K WvK‡Qb bvg a‡i| fvix
PgrKvi g‡b n‡jv, g‡b n‡jv evev‡K
Avgvi eqm wdwi‡q w`jyg| Avi Avgvi
cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv Kvgbv Ki‡Z jvMjyg
Zuvi KvQ †_‡K| hyeK myKzgvi GKw`b
Zvi †eŠ‡KI Ggwb bvg a‡i WvK‡e,
wPrKvi K‡i †W‡K cÖ‡Z¨KwU Ni Ggwb
m½x‡Z cÖwZaŸwbZ K‡i Zzj‡e|
ÔKbK? I KbK?Õ
†cÖŠpv KbKjZv A‡bK¶Y ch©š— †Kvb
DËi w`‡jb bv, †Kvbevi KuwK‡q DV‡jb,
†Kvbevi Dt-Avt Ki‡jb| Avwg Gw`‡K
i“× wbtk¦v‡m wbæMvgx njyg| evwj‡ki
wfZi gyL ¸u‡R nvwi‡q hvevi Kvgbv Ki‡Z
jvMjyg| j¾vq Avi³ n‡q DVjyg, kixi
w`‡q Nv‡gi eb¨v QyU‡jv|
Iw`‡K ga¨ivwÎi Puv` D‡V‡Q AvKv‡k,
c„w_exi Mv‡q †K GK mv`v gmwj‡bi Puv`
wewQ‡q w`‡q‡Q, m‡½ G‡b‡Q VvÛv †mªv‡Zi
g‡Zv evZvm, Avgvi N‡ii mvg‡b wfwLix
KzKzi‡`i mvgwqK wb`ªvgqZvi GK kxZj
wb¯—äZv weivR Ki‡Q| wKš‘ gv‡S gv‡S
I evwoi Qv‡` wb`ªvnxb evbi‡`i A¯có
†MvOvwb †kvbv hvq| ga¨iv‡Zi cÖnix
Avgvq Nyg cvwo‡q †`‡e KLb?
Ae‡k‡l †cÖŠpv KbKjZvi bxieZv
fvO‡jv, wZwb Avevi Avcb gwngvq
D¾¡j n‡q DV‡jb, Aí GKUz †NvgUv
†U‡b Kvc‡oi cÖPzi ˆ`N©¨ w`‡q wb‡R‡K
fvjfv‡e Av”Qvw`Z Ki‡jb, Zvici GK
Awkw¶Zv beea~i g‡Zv axi c`‡¶‡c
AMÖmi n‡Z jvM‡jb| A½f½xi mÂvj‡b
†h m½x‡Zi m„wó nq, †mB m½x‡Zi
Avqbvq Avgvi Kv‡Q mg¯— ¯có n‡q
DVj| Avwg j¶ Kijyg `yB †Rvov cv‡qi
fxi“ ¯có AvIqvR Av‡¯— Av‡¯— evZv‡mi
m‡½ wg‡k hv‡”Q|
gš’i n‡q G‡m‡Q| GKUv KvK †ivRKvi
g‡Zv †W‡K D‡V‡Q| evev‡K Mvb MvB‡Z
AviI ï‡bwQ e‡U wKš‘ AvR‡Ki g‡Zv
Ggb gayi I Mfxi Avi KL‡bv ïwbwb|
Zuvi g„`y-M¤¢xi Mv‡b AvR ivwÎi c„w_ex
†hb Avgvi Kv‡Q bZ n‡q †Mj| Zvici
Avwg Nywg‡q cojyg|
ciw`b Kvi cÖvY‡Lvjv nvwm‡Z Nyg †_‡K
nVvr †R‡M DVjyg| nvwmi Hk¦‡h© evwoi
BU¸wjI Kvuc‡Q|
evev ej‡jb, ÔcwÛZ gkvB, I cwÛZ
gkvB DVzb? Avi KZ Nygy‡eb? mKv‡j bv
DV‡j eo‡jvK nIqv hvq Kx? DVzb?
Avwg A‡bK K‡ô †PvL †g‡j †P‡q
†`Ljyg, KLb †fvi n‡q †M‡Q| evevi
†øngq K_vq Avwg KL‡bv nvwm‡b, †Kgb
ev‡a, h‡_ó eqm n‡q‡Q wKbv, GK Kzwo
eQi †Zv †cwi‡q Pjjyg|
gkvwii `wo Lyj‡Z Lyj‡Z evev ej‡jb,
Ôc„w_ex‡Z hZ †MÖU †gb †`K‡Z cv”Q,
mK‡ji †fv‡i IVevi A‡f¨m wQj|
Avgvi evev, gv‡b †Zvgvi VvKzi`viI
Ggwb A‡f¨m wQj| Avgiv hZ †fv‡iB
DwV bv †Kb, D‡VB ïb‡Z †cZzg evB‡ii
N‡i ZvgvK LvIqvi kã n‡”Q Ggb
Aa¨emvqx bv n‡j Avi GKUv Rxe‡b AZ
Rwg-Rgv AZ UvKv-cqmv K‡i †h‡Z
cv‡ib| wZwb †Zv meB †i‡L wM‡qwQ‡jb,
AvgivB wKQy ivL‡Z cvijyg bv| wKš‘
DVzb cwÛZ gkvB, hviv Nyg †_‡K †`wi
K‡i I‡V Rxe‡b Zviv KL‡bv DbœwZ
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AZUv gvZeŸix mn¨
nq bv, Rxe‡b GKw`b gvÎ mKv‡j D‡VB
evwo-my× †jvK gv_vq Zz‡j‡Qb|
mg¯— evwoUv Lywki evRbvq gyLwiZ n‡q
DVj|
Iw`‡K g›Uz †mjy‡b Pzj QuvUvevi Rb¨
cqmv PvB‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q, N›UvLv‡bK
c‡iI cqmv bv †c‡j †g‡S‡Z AvQvo
†L‡q Zvi¯^‡i Kuv`‡e| bvi“ c°-c°
A‡bK iv‡Î evev ¸b¸b my‡i Mvb MvB‡Z evK¨ K‡i mK‡ji g‡bviÄb Kivi †Póvq
jvM‡jb; PgrKvi wgwó Mjv †envjvi g‡Zv Av‡Q| Qwe GB gvÎ Zvi Dcb¨v‡mi c„ôvq
†kvbv hv‡”Q| †mB Mv‡bi †Ljvq Av‡jvi bvwqKvi kqb N‡i bvq‡Ki Awfhvb †`‡L
KYv¸wj AviI mv`v n‡q †M‡Q, g‡b nq g‡b-g‡b cyjwKZ n‡q D‡V‡Q|
GK wekvj AUªvwjKvi mwc©j wmuwo †e‡q†e‡q †mB Mv‡bi †iLv cvM‡ji g‡Zv Ny‡i
†eov‡”Q| †kl ivwÎi evZvm Ac~e© †ø‡n evev `vi“Y Kg©e¨¯— n‡q DV‡jb, GNi- 17
‰PÎ msL¨v
INi cvqPvwi Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|
GK mgq evev Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡m ej‡jb,
Ô†Zvgiv w_‡qvwiUv evi K‡iQ fv‡jvB,
wKš—y Kvh©Kix n‡e bv, AvRKvj Ime
fv‡jvgvbywl Avi Pj‡e bv| GLb KvR
n‡jv jvwVi| wnUjv‡ii jvwV, eyS‡j
cwÛZ gkvB?Õ
Avwg g‡b-g‡b nvmjyg| evev hv e‡jb
Zv Ggbfv‡e e‡jb †h g‡b-g‡b †ek
Av‡gv` Abyfe Kiv hvq| Zuvi Kx
Rvwb †Kb aviYv n‡q‡Q, Avgiv me
fv‡jvgvby‡li `j| wb‡Ri †L‡q c‡ii
wPš—v Kwi, ﮋgyL n‡q kxZj Rj weZiY
Ki‡Z PvB, wb‡Riv ¯^M©Pz¨Z, A_P c‡ii
¯^M©jv‡fi c_-Avwe®‹v‡i gË|
Avevi ej‡jb: Ô†Zvgv‡`i ivwkqv †Kej
mvayivB Rš§ w`‡q‡Q, Amvay †`qwb, †Kej
gvi †L‡q gi‡e| †jwjb †Zv g¯— eo mvay
wQ‡jb, †hgwb Uj÷i wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Iuiv
jvwVi m‡½ cvi‡eb wK? K¶‡bv bq|Õ
ej‡Z B”Qv nq, PgrKvi! Ggb ¯^KxqZv,
Ggb bZzbZ¡ Avi †Kv_vI †Pv‡L c‡o‡Q?
Ggb K‡i Avgvi evev Qvov Avi †KD
ej‡Z cv‡ib bv, GUv †Rvi K‡i ej‡Z
cvwi| wZwb GKevi hv ej‡jb Zv fzj
n‡jI Zv †_‡K GKPzj †KD Zuv‡K miv‡e,
Ggb e½-mš—vb f‚-fvi‡Z †`wL‡b|
GK wnUjvwi `‡¤¢ Zvi gyL D¾¡j n‡q
DV‡jv|
wKš‘ GKgvÎ Avkvi K_v GB †h, Gme
e¨vcv‡i wZwb †gv‡UB wmwiqvm bb, GKevi
hv e‡jb wØZxqevi Zv ej‡Z A‡bK †`wi
K‡ib| bB‡j Avgvi Rxeb AwZó n‡q
DVZ| ˆcZ…K AwaKv‡i AbycÖvwYZ n‡q
wZwb Zvi Ace¨envi Ki‡Zb m‡›`n
†bB|
Iw`‡K Kg©e¨¯— gv‡K †`L‡Z cvw”Q|
Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡M wZwb Zuvi KvR K‡i
hv‡”Qb, †Kv_vI GZUzKz `„wócvZ Kivi
mgq †bB †hb| Kuv‡ai Ici `yB MvwQ
L‡oi g‡Zv Pzj Gwj‡q c‡o‡Q, Zvi
Ici w`‡qB Nb-Nb †NvgUv †U‡b w`‡”Qb,
ci‡b GKLvbv RxY© Kvco, dm©v cv`y‡Uv R‡ji AZ¨vPv‡i ¶Z-we¶Z wekxY©
n‡q G‡m‡Q| †cQ‡b †cQ‡b bvi“ Ny‡i
†eov‡”Q|
Avš—R©vwZK ivRbxwZ †Q‡o evev Gevi
N‡ivqv ˆeV‡K †hvM w`‡jb| bvi“‡K
†W‡K ej‡jb, Ôbvi“, evev, †Zvgvi Kx
PvB e‡jv?
bvi“ Zvi †QvUª-†QvUª fvOv `uvZ¸wj †ei
K‡i Abvqv‡m e‡j †dj‡jv ÔGKUv
†gvUi-evBK| mv‡R©›Uiv †Kgb my›`i fU&
fU& K‡i Ny‡i †eovq, bv evev?
wKš‘ g›Uzi wKQy eyw×ïw× n‡q‡Q| †m nVvr
†cQ‡b wd‡i gyLUv bx‡Pi w`‡K wb‡q
Kvgv‡bi g‡Zv n‡q ej‡j, Ôevev GB
`¨v‡Lv?Õ
†`L‡Z cvIqv †Mj, Zvi †cQbUv wQ‡o
G‡Kev‡i ¶Z-we¶Z n‡q †M‡Q| evev
†nv †nv K‡i †n‡m DV‡jb, ej‡jb,
Ôevt †ek †Zv n‡q‡Q, g›Uzeveyi hv Mig,
Gevi †_‡K `ywU Rvbvjv n‡q †Mj, †ek
†Zv n‡jv| Gevi †_‡K û û K‡i †Kej
evZvm Avm‡e Avi hv‡e, PgrKvi, bv?Õ
g›Uz mKj ΓwU-wePz¨wZ fz‡j eyw×gv‡bi
g‡Zv †n‡m DV‡jv: bvi“ Zvi fvOv `uvZ
†ei K‡i AviI †ewk K‡i nvm‡Z jvM‡jv,
evevI †m nvwm‡Z †hvM w`‡jb| Avgv‡`i
mvgvb¨ evmv GK Amvgvb¨ nvwm‡Z †b‡P
DVj, ¸g& ¸g& Ki‡Z jvMj|
nvmjyg bv †Kej Avwg| ïay g‡b-g‡b
Dc‡fvM Kijyg| fvejyg Avb‡›`i GB
wbg©j gyn~Z©¸wj hw` `xN©¯’vqx nq Z‡e
Lywki Avi Aš— _v‡K bv| gvbyl gvbyl
n‡q I‡V|
evevi cieZx© Awfhvb n‡jv ivbœvN‡i|
GKLvbv wcuwo †c‡Z †`qv‡j †Vm w`‡q
e‡m nvwmgy‡L evev ej‡jb, AvR Kx
ivua‡e †Mv?Õ
gyL wdwi‡q ARmª †n‡m gv ej‡jb, ÔZzwg
hv ej‡e|Õ
evev‡K Gevi †Q‡jgvbywl‡Z †c‡q emjÔAvwg hv eje, wVK †Zv? ewj, ivua‡e
gvsm, †cvjvI, `B, m‡›`k? ivua‡e
PvUwb, P”Pwo, i“B gv‡Qi gy‡ov? ivua‡e?
ivua‡e AviI Avwg hv ej‡ev?Õ
ÔI gv‡Mv, _vK, _vK Avi ej‡Z n‡e bv|Õ
gv `yB nvZ Zz‡j gv_v bvo‡Z jvM‡jb,
wLj-wLj K‡i †n‡m DV‡jb|
e¨vcvi †`‡L bvi“ †`Š‡o †Mj, `yR‡bi
w`‡K `yBevi †P‡q Zvici gv‡K gyPwK
nvm‡Z †`‡L ej‡j, Ôgv‡Mv, Kx n‡q‡Q?
Agb K‡i nvmQ †Kb? evev †Zvgvq
KvZzKzZz w`‡q‡Q?Õ
ÔAv‡i bv‡i bv, AZ cvKvwg Ki‡Z n‡e
bv| †Lj‡Z hv-Ôeuv nvZ Zz‡j gv evB‡ii
w`‡K †`wL‡q w`‡jb|
- 18
GKUz cÖK…wZ¯’ n‡q evev Avevi ej‡jb,
ÔAv”Qv, †Zvgv‡K †hw`b cÖ_g †`L‡Z
wM‡qwQjyg †mw`‡bi K_v g‡b c‡o?Õ
GKUzI wPš—v bv K‡i gv ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi
Ime g‡b-U‡b †bB|
ÔAvnv, we‡ji av‡i gv‡V †mB †h Mi“
Pivw”Q‡j?Õ
gvÕi †PvL eo n‡q †Mj-ÔIgv, Avwg Kx
fÏi‡jvK bB †Mv †h †g‡q‡jvK n‡qI
gv‡V-gv‡V Mi“ Piv‡ev?Õ
ÔMi“ Piv‡bvUv Kx Aciva? `iKvi n‡j
GLv‡b-†mLv‡b GKUz †b‡o-†P‡o w`‡j
†`vl nq? Avmj K_v †Zvgvi meB g‡b
Av‡Q, B‡”Q K‡iB †Kej hv-Zv ej‡Qv|Õ
nu¨v †Mv nu¨v, me g‡b Av‡Q, me g‡b
Av‡Q|Õ
g„`y †n‡m evev ej‡jb, Ô†bŠKv †_‡KB
†`L‡Z †cjyg we‡ji av‡i †K GKwU
†g‡q `uvwo‡q Av‡Q AÜKvi iv‡Î GKwU
gvÎ `xcwkLvi g‡Zv| †bŠKv †_‡K
†b‡gI †`Ljyg, †mB †g‡q Zvi RvqMv
†_‡K GKUzKzI m‡i `uvov‡”Q bv ev cvwLi
g‡Zv evwoi w`‡K D‡o P‡j hv‡”Q bv,
eis Avgv‡`i w`‡K †mvRvmywR †P‡q
Av‡Q, AcwiwPZ e‡j GZUzKz j¾v †bB,
Kv‡Q wM‡q †`Ljyg wVK †hb †`ex cÖwZgv,
†Lvjv gv‡V R‡ji av‡i, gvwb‡q‡Q †ek,
Mfxi el©vqI gvbv‡e| Zvici GK fvOv
†Pqv‡i e‡m fvOv cvLvi evZvm †L‡q hv‡K
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Ki‡Z G‡m Avgvi G‡Kev‡i cÖ_g
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cv‡iv Ki| GB e‡j ZLywb wVK GBfv‡e
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PgrKvi †j‡MwQj| Avgvi GB ga¨v‡ýi
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evûj¨ †h, BwZnvm †hgb Avgv‡`i w`K
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nvZ cÖmvwiZ K‡i wbjyg RbZvi w`‡K,
Zv‡`i Dò Awfb›`‡b Avwg ab¨ njyg|
Zv‡`iI ab¨ev`, hviv Avgv‡K Avgvi GB
AmnvqZvi eÜb †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q †M‡Q|
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ej‡j, ÔDVzb|Õ
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Zvici GKUv wewo nv‡Z w`‡q ej‡j,
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we‡K‡ji w`‡K GKUv M¨v‡Oi m‡½ †`Lv
Ki‡Z †Mjyg| GKUv wgwUs A¨v‡iÄ
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†KD ZvKv‡jv, †KD ZvKv‡jv bv| A`~‡i
Bwćbi muv muv kã n‡”Q c‡q›Umg¨vbMvbvi‡`i wPrKvi Avi ûBwmj †kvbv
hv‡”Q|
Bqvwmb GZw`b c‡i QywU †_‡K wd‡i‡Q
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ej‡j, ÔIiv Kx ejwQj Rv‡bb?Õ
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bv †Kb?Õ
mK‡j †nv †nv K‡i †n‡m DV‡jv, AvwgI
nvm‡Z jvMjyg|
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Bqvwmb wgTv| Avgiv mevB wg‡j Puv`v
Zz‡j †Zvgvq B¯‹z‡j cov‡Z PvB|Õ
Gevi nvwmi cvjv AviI †Rv‡i| KvR
†d‡j mevB e‡m co‡jv|
Bqvwmb †i‡M ej‡j, Ôevt evt evt, Lvwj
VvUªv, Avi VvUªv, bv? Pvi‡U cqmv w`‡qB
Lvjvm, bv? Pvi‡U cqmv w`‡jB wec­-e
n‡e bv? wec-­
e AvKvk †_‡K co‡e, bv?Õ
GKUz kvš— n‡q Bqvwmb †k‡l GKUv Mí
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Av‡Q| Ges m‡½ m‡½ eyK c‡KU †_‡K
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Avgv‡`i Kg‡iW, fvB Bqvwmb| Zzwg †h
Avgv‡`i| Bqvwmb ZLb weP¶‡Yi g‡Zv
†n‡mwQ‡jv|
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bv? Pvi‡U cqmv w`‡jB Lvjvm, bv?Õ
ej‡Z ej‡Z Bqvwm‡bi Ng©v³ gyL AviI
D¾¡j n‡q DV‡jv, wKš‘ ci¶‡YB Avevi
†m Kv‡R †j‡M †Mj, Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡M
VK& VK& kã K‡i KvR Ki‡Z jvM‡jv|
Avwg wd‡i Gjyg| mvg¨ev‡`i Me©, Zvi
B¯cv‡Zi g‡Zv Avkv, Zvi †mvbvi g‡Zv
dmj ey‡K K‡i Avwg wd‡i Gjyg| GLb
mܨv n‡q Avm‡Q| wSiwS‡i evZv‡mi
m‡½ †kW-Ni †_‡K †Zj Avi KuvPv
Kqjvi †auvqvi MÜ Avm‡Q †ek| Avwg
euv w`‡K †kW-Gi Ni †i‡L c_ AwZµg
Ki‡Z jvMjvg| GKUz GwM‡q †`wL
jvB‡bi Ici A‡bK¸wj BwÄb `uvwo‡q
Av‡Q, g‡b nq Mfxi a¨v‡b e‡m‡Q †hb|
- 19
Avgvi Kv‡Q I‡`i gvby‡li g‡Zv cÖvYgq
g‡b n‡jv| GLb wekÖvg Ki‡Z e‡m‡Q|
I‡`i Mv‡qi g‡a¨ KZ iK‡gi nvo,
KZ KjKâv, gv_vi Ici IB GKwUgvÎ
†PvL, wKš‘ KZ D¾¡j| gvbyl I‡`i
m„wóKZ©v| nvwm †bB, Kvbœv †bB, †Kej
Kgx©i gZ ivM| Ggb weivU c_ Pj‡Z
Pj‡Z Avgvi kix‡i †Kgb GKUv †ivgvÂ
n‡jv| Avwg nZf¤¢ n‡q Zv‡`i gvsmvnxb
kix‡ii w`‡K nuv K‡i †P‡q iBjyg|
Zvici mܨvi AÜKv‡i evmvq wd‡i
Gjyg|
K‡qKw`b c‡i †Kv‡bv Mfxi cÖZz¨‡l
GKwU Bu`yi-gviv Kj nv‡Z K‡i Avgvi
evev iv¯—vi gvSLv‡b `uvwo‡q †evKvi
gZ nvm‡Z jvM‡jb| `vi“Y Lywk‡Z bvi“
Avi g›UzI `yB AvOzj a‡i evb‡ii gZ
jvdvw”Qj| K‡qK wgwbU c‡i AviI
A‡bK †Q‡j‡c‡j G‡m RyU‡jv| GKUv
KzKzi `uvov‡jv G‡m cv‡k| Dcw¯’Z
†Q‡j‡`i g‡a¨ hviv mvnmx Zviv †KD
jvwV, †KD eo eo BU wb‡q emj iv¯—vi
av‡i|
e¨vcvi Avi wKQyB bq, K‡qKUv Bu`yi aiv
c‡o‡Q|
‰PÎ msL¨v
me©fviZxq †cÖ¶vc‡U RvZxqZvev`x
Av‡›`vjb
kvnv`r †nv‡mb L›`Kvi
(c~e© cÖKvwk‡Zi ci)
\ cuvP\
†`keÜz wPËiÄb `v‡mi g„Zz¨i ci †e½j
c¨v± APj n‡q c‡o| †bZvRx myfvlP›`ª
emyi †bZ…‡Z¡ ¯^ivR cvwU©i Kg©m~Px‡Z
ˆec-weK cwieZ©b N‡U| GQvov Amn‡hvM
Av‡›`vjb ¯’wMZ Ges wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb
e¨_© nevi ci fviZe‡l© wn›`y gymjgv‡bi
g‡a¨ ci¯c‡ii cÖwZ we‡Øl I Awek¦vm
e„w× cvq| Gw`‡K me©fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z
wn›`y gnvmfvi gZ mv¤cÖ`vwqK ivR‰bwZK
`j wn›`y Rbmvavi‡Yi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i|
mviv‡`‡k mv¤cÖ`vwqK m¤c‡K©i AebwZ
N‡U| G mgq Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM cwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`k Ges †ejywP¯—vb‡K
†bZ…e„›` cybivq wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki mggh©v`v †`Iqv n‡e;
HK¨ M‡o Zzjvi †Póv K‡ib|
(M) cvÄve I e½ gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡
RbmsL¨vi wfwˇZ n‡e Ges (N) †K›`ªxq
cwil‡` gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †gvU
1927 mvj 20 gvP© w`j-x‡Z gynv¤§` msL¨vi GK Z…Zxqvs‡ki Kg n‡e bv|Ó8
Avjx wRbœvn&i mfvcwZ‡Z¡ gymjgvb‡`i
GK m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| GB m‡¤§j‡b
KwZcq k‡Z© gymjgvb‡`i c„_K wbe©vPb ejv evûj¨, gyn¤§` Avjx wRbœvi GB
e¨e¯’vi cwie‡Z© †hŠ_ wbe©vPb e¨e¯’v Ôw`j-xi gymwjg cÖ¯—veÕ G 1906 mv‡j
†g‡b †bevi cÖ¯—ve M„nxZ nq| GUv AvMv Luvi †bZ…‡Z¡ wmgjv †Wcy‡Uk‡bi
Òw`j-xi gymwjg cÖ¯—veÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ| `vwei †cÖw¶‡Z 1909 mv‡ji g‡j©GB m‡¤§j‡b M„nxZ cÖ¯—v‡ei cÖavb wg‡›Uv AvB‡b gymjgvbiv c„_K wbe©vP‡b
kZ©¸‡jv n‡jv-ÒGB k‡Z© Zuviv †K›`ªxq †h myweav †fvM K‡i AvmwQj Zv Z¨vM
I cÖv‡`wkK cwil`mg~‡n †hŠ_ wbe©vPb K‡i †hŠ_ wbe©vPb †g‡b wb‡q cyicywi
cÖ_vq ivRx †h, (K) wmÜz‡K GK c„_K RvZxqZvev`x `„wófw½ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
cÖ‡`‡k cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡e; (L) DËi- Aek¨ kZ©vax‡b gyn¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&
- 20
‰PÎ msL¨v
†hŠ_ wbe©vPb †g‡b †bqvq gymwjg jxM Ges DËi cwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`‡ki
†bZv‡`i g‡a¨ gZv‰bK¨ †`Lv w`‡qwQj| msL¨vjNy Agymjgvb‡`i RbmsL¨vi
nv‡ii m‡½ K‡Vvifv‡e mvgÄm¨ †i‡L|
gymjgvb ev Agymjgvb †hLv‡bB Zuv‡`i
hv †nvK, gyn¤§` Avjx wRbœvi †bZ…‡Z¡ Avm‡bi e¨vcv‡i msi¶Y †`Iqv n‡e
Ôw`j-­
x gymwjg cÖ¯—veÕ MÖn‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q †mLv‡b Zuviv AwZwi³ Avm‡bi Rb¨I
Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM ci¯c‡ii cÖwZØw›ØZv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| (3) (K)
KvQvKvwQ Av‡m Ges wn›`y-gymwjg cvÄve I e½‡`‡k †Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨
wg‡jwg‡k KvR Kivi my‡hvM m„wó nq| Avmb msi¶Y Kiv n‡e bv; (L) cvÄve I
1927 mv‡ji †g gv‡m wbwLj fviZ e½‡`k Qvov Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`‡k RbmsL¨vi
RvZxq Ks‡MÖm Aby‡gv`b K‡i| GQvov wfwˇZ gymjgvb msL¨vjNy‡`i Rb¨ Avmb
mvBgb Kwgkb eqKU Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ msi¶Y Kiv n‡e Ges Zv‡`i AwZwi³
w`‡q gymwjg jxM I Ks‡MÖ‡mi g‡a¨ Avm‡b cÖwZØw›ØZv KiviI AwaKvi
m¤c‡K©i Dbœqb N‡U| D‡j-­
L¨, fviZ _vK‡e; (M) Abyiƒcfv‡e DËi-cwðg
mwPe wgr g‡›U¸ Ges MfY©i †Rbv‡ij mxgvš— cÖ‡`‡k Agymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ Avmb
jW© †Pgm‡dvW© †hŠ_ fv‡e GKwU fviZxq msiw¶Z ivLv QvovI Zuv‡`i AwZwi³
kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹vi wi‡cvU© ˆZix K‡ib| Avm‡b cÖwZØw›ØZv Kivi AwaKvi †`Iqv
GUv Òg‡›U¸ †Pgm&‡dvW© ms¯‹viÓ wi‡cvU© n‡e; (4) GB Avmb msi¶Y e¨e¯’v `k
bv‡g cwiwPZ| GB wi‡cv‡U©i wfwˇZ eQ‡ii wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ _vK‡e; (5)
1919 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvBb cÖYqb Avw_©K e¨vcv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Z`š— K‡i
Kiv nq| GB AvBb KZ`~i Kvh©Ki †bevi ci wmÜz‡K †ev¤^vB †_‡K c„_K
n‡q‡Q Zv AbymÜv‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1928 GKwU cÖ‡`‡k cwiYZ Kiv n‡e| (6)
mv‡j †deª“qvwi gv‡m e„wUk miKvi fvi‡Z DËi-cwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`kmn Zver bZzb
mvBgb Kwgkb †cÖiY K‡ib| fviZevmx cÖ‡`‡k cyivZb cÖ‡`k¸wji gZB kvmb
GB Kwgk‡bi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| e¨e¯’v cÖewZ©Z n‡e|Ó10
HK¨e×fv‡e kvmbZš¿ iPbvi D‡Ï‡k¨
1928 mv‡ji †deª“qvwi‡Z Ks‡MÖ‡mi
Avnev‡b w`j-­
x‡Z GK me©`jxq m‡¤§jb j¶Yxq, Ô†b‡ni“ wi‡cvU©Õ, G Ks‡MÖm
AbywôZ nq| GB m‡¤§j‡b wn›`y gnvmfv KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z gymjgvb‡`i †hŠ_
xi
I wkL jxM †bZ…e„›` Ks‡MÖm KZ©„K wbe©vPb e¨e¯’v †g‡b †bevi Ôw`j-­
Aby‡gvw`Z kZ©vax‡b gymjgvb‡`i †hŠ_ gymwjg cÖ¯—veÕ Gi cÖwZdjb N‡Uwb| GB
xi gymwjg cÖ¯—veÕ AMÖvn¨
wbe©vPb †g‡b †bevi cÖ¯—v‡ei we‡ivwaZv wi‡cv‡U© Ôw`j-­
K‡i| Zv‡`i Abgbxq g‡bvfv‡ei Kvi‡Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| gymjgvbiv Abyfe K‡ib
Av‡jvPbv e¨_© n‡q hvq| ÒA_P w`j-­xi GB wi‡cv‡U© Zv‡`i ¯^v_©, we‡eP¨ welq I
gymwjg cÖ¯—veÕ Ks‡MÖm MÖnY K‡iwQj e‡jB AwaKvimg~n mwVKfv‡e Zz‡j aiv nqwb,
gymwjg jxM me©`jxq m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb Gi d‡j gymjgvbiv †b‡ni“ wi‡cvU©
K‡iwQj|Ó9
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib|
1928 mv‡j 1 RyjvB‡qi g‡a¨ fvi‡Zi
fwel¨r msweav‡bi g~jbxwZ Lmov cÖ¯‘Z
Kivi Rb¨ †gvwZjvj †bni“i mfvcwZ‡Z¡
GKwU KwgwU MwVZ nq| GB KwgwUi
wi‡cvU© ÔÔ†bni“ wi‡cvU©Ó bv‡g cwiwPZ|
GB wi‡cv‡U© fvi‡Zi ¯^vqZ¡kvmb,
`vwqZ¡kxj miKvi cÖwZôv I cÖvßeq¯‹‡`i
†fv‡Ui wfwˇZ wbe©vP‡bi wel‡q ¸i“Z¡
w`‡q wbe©vPb m¤c‡K© KwZcq mycvwik Kiv
nq| †b‡ni“ wi‡cv‡U©i D‡j-­
L‡hvM¨ w`K
n‡jv-Ò(1) fviZe‡l©i me©Î †hŠ_ Ges
wgkÖ wbe©vPK gÛjx _vK‡e; (2) cÖwZwbwa
mfvq (†K›`ªxq AvBb cwil`) †Kvb
msiw¶Z Avmb _vK‡e bv; Gi GKgvÎ
e¨wZµg n‡e gymjgvbiv †hme cÖ‡`‡k
msL¨vjNy †mLvbKvi gymjgvb Ges DËi
cwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`‡ki Agymjgvb‡`i
cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i †¶Î| GB RvZxq msi¶Y
n‡e gymjgvbiv ‡hme cÖ‡`‡k msL¨vjNy
1928 mv‡j 22 wW‡m¤^i KwjKvZvq
†b‡ni“ wi‡cv‡U©i Dci Av‡jvPbv I
RbgZ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ me©`jxq m‡¤§jb nq|
GB m‡¤§j‡b gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn `vex
K‡ib- Ò(K) †K›`ªxq AvBb mfvq gymjgvb
cÖwZwbwa‡`i msL¨v GK-Z…Zxqvs‡ki Kg
n‡e bv (L) †b‡ni“ wi‡cv‡U©i cÖ¯—vweZ
cÖvßeq¯‹ †fvUvwaKvi ¯^xK…Z bv n‡j cvÄve
I evsjvi cÖv‡`wkK AvBb mfvq RbmsL¨vi
wfwˇZ Avmb cv‡e| Z‡e `k eQi ci Gi
cybwe©‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| (M) ev`evKx
me ¶gZv _vK‡e cÖ‡`k¸wji nv‡Z,
†K‡›`ªi nv‡Z bq|Ó11
m‡¤§j‡bi AwaKvsk gymwjg cÖwZwbwaiv
wRbœvn&i GB `vwei cÖwZ mg_©b Rvbvb|
wKš‘ me©`jxq m‡¤§j‡b wRbœvn&i †Kvb
`vweB M„nxZ nqwb|
- 21
†b‡ni“ wi‡cvU© wb‡q gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨
e¨vcK cÖwZwµqvi m„wó n‡qwQj| †b‡ni“
wi‡cvU© MÖnY I eR©b wb‡q gymwjg
†bZ…e„‡›`i g‡a¨ gZv‰bK¨ †`Lv †`q|
GQvov gymwjg RbgZ wQj GB wi‡cv‡U©i
wec‡¶| †b‡ni“ wi‡cv‡U© Ôw`j­-xi gymwjg
cÖ¯—veÕ M„nxZ bv nIqvq wRbœvn&i †bZ…‡Z¡
gymwjg jxM †h †hŠ_ wbe©vPb †g‡b
wb‡qwQj †m my‡hvM nvZQvov n‡jv|
myZivs GK_v my¯có †h, gynv¤§` Avjx
wRbœvn& RvZxqZvev`x `„wóf½x MÖnY K‡i
1927 mv‡j Ôw`j-­
x gymwjg cÖ¯—veÕ MÖn‡Yi
gva¨‡g gymjgvb‡`i nvZ †_‡K c„_K
wbe©vP‡bi †h A¯¿ Lwm‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb.
†b‡ni“ wi‡cv‡U© Ks‡MÖm KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z
†mB w`j-­
xi gymwjg cÖ¯—ve AMÖvn¨
K‡i cybivq i¶Ykxj gymjgvb mvgš
†bZv‡`i nv‡Z c„_K wbe©vP‡bi †mB A¯¿
Zz‡j †`qv n‡qwQj|
†b‡ni“ wi‡cvU© cÖm‡½ †PŠayix LvwjKz¾vgvub
wj‡L‡Qb, Òwn›`y †bZ…Z¡ Zuv‡`i wcÖq welq
†hŠ_ wbe©vPb cÖeZ©‡bi my‡hvM nvivj
Ges Gi cÖwZ kÖxhy³ wRbœvi †bZ…Z¡vaxb
gymwjg jxM cÖ_‡g 1927 wLª÷v‡ãi
20 gvP© AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡iwQj I
cieZx©Kv‡j KjKvZvq AbywôZ wbwLj
fviZ gymwjg jx‡Mi Awa‡ek‡bI wm×vš—
M„nxZ n‡qwQj| fviZe‡l©i wn›`y hyeKiv
†hb gymjgvb‡`i fviZ wefvR‡bi Rb¨
`vqx Kivi c~‡e© Zuv‡`i †mB mgqKvi
†bZ…e„‡›`i GB weivU åvwš— m¤^‡Ü wPš—v
K‡ib|Ó12
G m¤^‡Ü ivg‡Mvcvj wj‡L‡Qb, ÔÔ†b‡ni“
KwgwU Ges me©`jxq m‡¤§j‡bi mvg‡b GK
Dfqm¼U †`Lv w`j t wÎkRb gymjgvb
†bZvi dgy©jv‡K hw` GK mycÖwZwôZ Ges
AcwieZ©bxq Z_¨ wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i
†bIqv nq Zvn‡j wn›`y-gnvmfv I wkL
jxM KZ©„K eqK‡Ui mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|
Avi gymwjg dgy©jv hLb eo †ekx nj
jx‡Mi wRbœv †Mvôxi e³e¨ ZLb wn›`y
gnvmfv I wkL jx‡Mi eqK‡Ui SuywK
wb‡q jvf wK? Ks‡MÖm H dg©yjv B‡Zvc~‡e©
¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡jI Zvi †bZviv dgy©jvi
cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ AwePj ivL‡j m‡¤§jb
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Zvi we‡ivax wQj| AvR GZw`b c‡i
hLb NUbv N‡U hvevi ci weÁ mvRv mnR
ZLb g‡b nq †h wn›`y gnvmfvi Qvchy³
weKí hvi b¨vqkv¯¿m¤§Z Aš—wb©wnZ ZË¡
gymjgv‡bi Kv‡Q fimv RbK cÖZxqgvb
n‡Z cv‡i bv Zv MÖnY Kivi cwie‡Z©
‰PÎ msL¨v
m‡¤§jb †f‡O hvevi SuywK †bIqv
eyw×gËvi cwiPvqK nZÓ|13
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Bmjvg e‡jb, Ògymjgvb‡`i‡K ZLb
¯^ ¯^vaxbZv I AwaKvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z
mwZ¨ mwZ¨ GKB mv‡_ wÎgyLx msMÖvg
Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| Zv‡`i‡K e„wUk kw³i
wei“‡× msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| msMÖvg
Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q e„wUkiv P‡j hvevi mv‡_
mv‡_ hv‡Z gymjgvbiv wnš`y‡`i Øviv
wb‡®cwlZ bv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ GKB
mv‡_ †`kxq A`~i`kx© GK‡kÖYxi ag©v܇`i
wei“‡×I| ag©v܇`i Dc`ªe µgk †MŠY
n‡jI †kl ch©š— gymjgvb‡`i ¯^vaxbZv
I AwaKvi cÖwZôvq wn›`y †bZv‡`i Pig
GK¸u‡qwg, we‡ivwaZv AviI mwµq n‡q
D‡VwQj| GB GK¸u‡qwg bvbvfv‡e Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †mwU GK Abe`¨ wnsmª cÖ‡Póvi
BwZnvm| e„wUk weZvo‡bi mg‡q †h
Awbevh© Kvi‡Y wn›`y-gymjgvb †bZ…Z¡
`yB †gi“‡Z `uvwo‡qwQj Zvi GKK `vq`vwqZ¡ wPiKvjB enb Ki‡Z n‡e Ks‡MÖmx
I Ab¨vb¨ wn›`y †bZv‡`iB|Ó14
\ Qq\
gymwjg jx‡Mi †hŠ_ wbe©vPb †g‡b wb‡q
mv¤cÖ`vwqK mgm¨v mgvav‡b wRbœvni
†h cÖ‡Póv wQj †b‡ni“ wi‡cv‡U© w`j-­
xi
gymwjg cÖ¯—ve cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Zv
e¨_© n‡q †Mj| gymwjg jx‡Mi GKvsk
wRbœvni †hŠ_ wbe©vPb †g‡b †bevi cÖej
we‡ivax wQj| i¶Ykxj mvgš— gymwjg
†bZ…e„›` Ges †hŠ_ wbe©vPb we‡ivax
gymwjg jx‡Mi GKvsk 1928 mv‡ji 31
wW‡m¤^i †b‡ni“ wi‡cvU© wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi
Rb¨ me©`jxq gymwjg m‡¤§jb Avnevb
K‡ib| wRbœvni †bZ…Z¡vaxb gymwjg
jxM GB m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`v‡bi cÖ¯—ve
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| GQvov GB m‡¤§j‡bi
ZvwiL Ggb fv‡e Kiv n‡qwQj hv‡Z
wRbœvncš’xiv G‡Z †hvM`vb Ki‡Z bv
cv‡i| hv‡nvK, AvMv Luv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡
AbywôZ GB m‡¤§j‡bi M„nxZ cÖ¯—ve¸‡jvi
D‡j-­L‡hvM¨ n‡jv -(K) fviZe‡l©i fwel¨r
kvmb e¨e¯’v hy³ivó«xq ai‡bi n‡e| (L)
cÖ‡`k¸wji c~Y© ¯^vqZ¡kvmb _vK‡e| (M)
†K›`ªxq AvBb mfvq gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨
GK-Z…Zxqvsk Avmb msiw¶Z _vK‡e|
(N) †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK AvBb cwil‡`
gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ i¶vKe‡Pi e¨e¯’v
Ki‡Z n‡e| (O) msweav‡b gymjgvb‡`i
Rb¨ m‡š—vlRbK i¶vKe‡Pi e¨e¯’v bv
nIqv ch©š— c„_K wbe©vPb e¨e¯’v envj
_vK‡e| (P) msweav‡b miKvwi PvKwii
†¶‡ÎI gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ Avmb msi¶Y
Ki‡Z n‡e|
†b‡ni“ wi‡cv‡U©i MÖnY I eR©b wel‡q
gymwjg jx‡Mi †bZ…e„‡›`i g‡a¨ gZ‡f`
†`Lv w`‡qwQj| ga¨cš’x‡`i cÖ‡Póvq
wRbœvn&i †bZ…Z¡vaxb gymwjg jxM Ges kdx
†bZ…Z¡vaxb gymwjg jxM cybivq GKwÎZ
nq| G mgq gyn¤§` Avjx wRbœvn‡K
gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ me©RbMÖvn¨ GKwU cÖ¯—ve
†ck Kivi `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq| 1929 mv‡j
28 gvP© w`j-­
x‡Z gymwjg jx‡Mi m‡¤§j‡b
fvi‡Zi fwel¨r msweavb iPbvi cÖm‡½
gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_© i¶vi Rb¨ gyn¤§`
Avjx wRbœvn HwZnvwmK Ô†PŠÏ `dvÕ `vwe
DÌvcb K‡ib| GB `vwe¸‡jv n‡jv1. fviZe‡l© hy³ivó«xq ai‡bi kvmb
e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡e|
2. mKj cÖ‡`k‡K ¯^vqËkvmb †`qv
n‡e|
3. †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK AvBb mfv Ges
wbe©vwPZ cÖwZôvbmg~‡n msL¨vjNy‡`i
Rb¨ Dchy³ msL¨K cÖwZwbwai e¨e¯’v
_vK‡e|
4. †K›`ªxq AvBb mfvq gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨
GK-Z…Zxqvsk Avmb msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v
Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. mv¤cÖ`vwqK †Mvôx¸wji cÖwZwbwaZ¡
eZ©gv‡bi gZB c„_K wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g
n‡e| Z‡e †h †Kvb mgq †h †Kvb
m¤cª`v‡qi †hŠ_ wbe©vPb e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi
AwaKvi _vK‡e|
6. fwel¨‡Z evsjv, cvÄve I DËicwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`‡ki mxgv cwieZ©‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb n‡j, Zv Ggbfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e
hv‡Z gymjgvb‡`i msL¨vMwiôZv eRvq
_v‡K|
7. mKj m¤cÖ`v‡qi ag© cvj‡bi c~Y©
¯^vaxbZv w`‡Z n‡e|
8. †K›`ªxq ev cÖv‡`wkK AvBb mfvq
†Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi wZb PZz_©vsk m`m¨
†Kvb wej, cÖ¯—ve ev Zvi Ask we‡k‡li
we‡ivwaZv Ki‡j Zv cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z
n‡e|
9. wmÜz‡K †ev¤^vB cÖ‡`k †_‡K c„_K
K‡i Avjv`v cÖ‡`k Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. DËi-cwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`k I
†ejywP¯—v‡b Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki gZ kvmb
ms¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
- 22
11. hveZxq miKvwi I ¯’vbxq ms¯’vmg~‡n
Kg©Pvix wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î gymjgvb‡`i
Rb¨ h_v‡hvM¨ Avmb msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v
ivL‡Z n‡e|
12. gymjgvb‡`i ag© ms¯‹…wZ I e¨w³MZ
AvBb msi¶Y Ges wk¶v, ms¯‹…wZi,
e¨w³MZ AvBb I `vZe¨ cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni
Dbœq‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
13. †K›`ª I cÖv‡`wkK gwš¿mfvq
GK-Z…Zxqvsk m`m¨ gymjgvb‡`i ga¨
†_‡K wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
14. cÖv‡`wkK AvBb mfvi m¤§wZ Qvov
†K›`ªxq AvBb mfv msweav‡bi †Kvb
cwieZ©b Ki‡e bv|
wRbœvn †PŠÏ `dv `vwe DÌvcb m‡Z¡I
gymwjg ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›`i g‡a¨ HK¨
¯’vwcZ nqwb| †b‡ni“ wi‡cvU© MÖnY I
eR©‡bi cÖ‡kœ Zv‡`i g‡a¨ gZv‰bK¨ Zxeª
n‡q D‡VwQj| 1929 mv‡j RyjvB gv‡m
RvZxqZvev`xiv ÔÔb¨vkbvwj÷ gymwjg
cvwU©-Ó bv‡g GKwU bZzb ivR‰bwZK `j
MVb K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e GB `jwU msMwVZ
nevi c~‡e©B Gi wejywß N‡UwQj|
w`j-­
xi gymwjg cÖ¯—ve MÖn‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q
Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jx‡Mi g‡a¨ †hŠ_fv‡e
KvR Kivi †h cwi‡ek m„wó n‡qwQj,
†bn&i“ wi‡cvU©‡K †K›`ª K‡i †mB cwi‡ek
eRvq _vKj bv| Gici †_‡K fviZe‡l©
wn›`y gymjgv‡bi ivRbxwZ `ywU ¯^Zš¿
avivq cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q|
MvÜxRx fviZe‡l©i ¯^vqZ¡kvm‡bi cwie‡Z©
c~Y© ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe‡Z AvBb Agvb¨
Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`b| 1930 mv‡ji
gvP© gv‡m AvBb Agvb¨ Av‡›`vjb ïi“
nq| miKvi AvBb Agvb¨ Av‡›`vjb‡K
†gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ `gbbxwZ MÖnY
K‡ib| miKvi gnvÍv MvÜx, RInijvj
†b‡ni“, myfvlP›`ª emy cÖgyL †bZv‡`imn
mviv‡`‡k eû †bZvKgx©‡K †MÖdZvi
K‡i| miKvwi wn‡me g‡Z lvU nvRvi
Avi Ks‡MÖ‡mi wn‡m‡e cuPvËi nvRvi
AvBb Agvb¨ Av‡›`vjbKvix‡K †MÖdZvi
Kiv n‡qwQj| D‡j-­
L¨, gymwjg jxM AvBb
Agvb¨ Av‡›`vjb‡K wn›`y‡`i Av‡›`vjb
we‡ePbv K‡i, GB Av‡›`vj‡b Ask †bqv
†_‡K weiZ _v‡K|
hv‡nvK, mvBgb Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© wb‡q
Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i fvi‡Zi fwel¨r
‰PÎ msL¨v
msweavb iPbvi wel‡q 1930 mv‡ji
b‡f¤^i gv‡m e„wUk miKvi jÛ‡b GK
†Mvj‡Uwej ˆeVK Avnevb K‡ib|
Ks‡MÖm GB ˆeVK eqKU K‡i| gymwjg
jxM, wn›`y gnvmfv, wkL jxM cÖf…wZ
`‡ji †bZv ˆeV‡K †hvM‡`b| GB ˆeV‡K
gymwjg †bZviv 1927 mv‡ji cÖ¯—v‡ei
wfwˇZ †hŠ_ wbe©vPb †g‡b wb‡q GKUv
mg‡SvZvq DcwbZ n‡Z †Póv K‡ib|
wKš‘ gnvmfv I wkL jxM †bZviv evsjv
I cvÄv‡e gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ msL¨vMwiô
Avmb msi¶‡Yi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
Zv‡`i we‡ivwaZvi Kvi‡YB g~jZ ˆeV‡K
†Kvb HK¨gZ cÖwZwôZ nqwb|
1930 mv‡j e„wUk miKv‡ii mv‡_
ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbv e¨_© nevi
ci me©fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z APj Ae¯’vi
m„wó n‡jv, ZLb mš¿vmev`x‡`i ZrciZv
cybivq e„w× cvq| †Kbbv wbqgZvwš¿K
ivRbxwZ †hLv‡b ¯’wei, mš¿vm †mLv‡b
cvq MwZ| G mgq evsjv‡`‡k cybivq
mš¿vmev`xiv mwµq n‡q D‡Vb| Z‡e
GZw`b wec-­
ex‡`i Kvh©µg g~jZ A¯¿
msMÖn, †evgv nvgjv, WvKvwZ, ¸ß nZ¨v,
jyÚb BZ¨vw` bvmKZvg~jK Kv‡Ri g‡a¨
mxgve× wQj| ZLb G¸‡jv Av`k© wec-­ex
KvR e‡j we‡ewPZ nZ| Gevi wec-­exiv
Bs‡iR miKv‡ii mv‡_ cÖZ¨¶ msMÖv‡g
AeZxY© nb| gvóvi`v m~h©‡m‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡
1930 mv‡ji 18 GwcÖj PUªMÖv‡gi A¯¿vMvi
jyÚY Kiv nq| wec­-ex‡`i D‡Ïk¨ wQj
nVvr Avµgb K‡i cÖkvmb‡K weKj K‡i
w`‡q Aíw`‡bi Rb¨ n‡jI GKwU wec-­ex
exiv PUªMÖv‡g
miKvi cÖwZôv Kiv| wec-­
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Zv‡`i GB weRq wQj ¯^í ¯’vqx|
PUªMÖv‡g wec­-ex‡ì Kg©KvÛ msMwVZ
n‡qwQj Abykxjb mwgwZ I hyMvš—i
mwgwZi m`m¨‡`i mwnsm Kvh©µ‡gi
avivevwnKZvq| ÔÔPUªMÖvg wec-­
‡ei bvq
m~h©Kvš— †mb Ii‡d m~h©‡m‡bi evox
wQj PUªMÖvg †Rjvi †bvqvcvov MÖv‡g|
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i` Av‡›`vj‡bi j‡¶¨ MwVZ hyMvš—i bvg
mš¿vmx `‡ji wZwb GKRb †bZv wQ‡jb|
m~h©‡mb m¤ú‡K© kÖx my cÖKvk ivq Zuvi
Ôwe‡`ªvnx fviZÕ eB‡Z wj‡L‡Qb, Ò1923
mv‡j wec-­
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K‡ib|Ó wKš‘ wKQy w`‡bi g‡a¨B Zviv D³
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wePv‡i cÖgvY¨vfv‡e gyw³ jvf K‡ib|
gyw³i ci wZwb Avevi Av͇Mvcb K‡ib|
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Av‡›`vj‡b wQj Abycw¯’Z| mš¿vmev`x‡`i
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wek¦vmx ivR‰bwZK `jmg~‡ni mg_©b
wQj bv| GQvov mš¿vmev`x‡`i wn›`y
mš¿vmev`x Kvh©Kjvc wQj e„wUk we‡ivax RvZxqZvev`x fvev`‡k©i Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i
G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB, wKš‘ Zv‡`i Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZ AvMv‡MvovB gymjgvb‡`i
RvZxqZvev`x a¨vb-aviYv ag©wbi‡c¶ †Kvb mg_©b wQj bv| Gid‡j evsjvi
wQj bv, Zviv wn›`y RvZxqZvev‡` msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li mg_©b mš¿vmev`xiv
wek¦vmx| mš¿vmvev`x‡`i D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© jvf Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| GRb¨ e„wUk miKvi
fvi‡Zi weL¨vZ Kgy¨wb÷ †bZv Kg‡iW mš¿vmev`x‡`i mn‡RB `gb Ki‡Z m¶g
†gvRddi Avng‡`i Dw³ Òevsjv‡`‡ki n‡qwQj|
mš¿vmev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, wn›`y
ivR‡Z¡i cybtcÖwZôv|Ó16 mš¿vmev`xiv
gymjgvb‡`i‡K Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji \mvZ\
c‡_ evav g‡b KiZ| G cÖm‡½ me©fviZxq
Ks‡MÖm mfvcwZ gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg
AvRv` e‡jb, ÔÔmZ¨ ej‡Z wK wec-­eev`x 1930 mv‡ji 30 wW‡m¤^i Gjvnvev‡`
`jmg~n ZLb gymwjg we‡ivax ZrciZvq AbywôZ gymwjg jx‡Mi evrmwiK
wjß wQj|........wec-­eev`xiv gymjgvb‡`i Awa‡ek‡b Wt Kwe gyn¤§` BKevj
fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZvi c‡_ KuvUv¯^iƒc fve‡Z GB Dcgnv‡`‡k e„wUk KgbI‡qj‡_i
ïi“ K‡i| myZivs G c‡_i Ab¨ `k KuvUvi †fZ‡i A_ev evB‡i GKwU gymwjg ivó«
g‡Zv G KuvUv‡KI mg~‡j Dc‡o †dj‡Z MV‡bi cÖ¯—ve K‡ib| GK mgq hvi gy‡L
n‡e e‡j Zuviv w¯’i K‡i wbj|Ó 17
D”PvwiZ n‡qwQj, ÔÔmviv Rvnvb‡m Av”Qv
wn›`y¯’vb nvgvivÕÕ ZvuiB gy‡L D”PvwiZ
n‡jv gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c„_K ivó«
fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi bv‡g cÖwZôvi cÖ¯—ve| ga¨hy‡M A_©vr gymwjg
wn›`y RvZxqZvev‡` wek¦vmx mš¿vmev`xiv Avg‡j wn›`y¯’vb ej‡Z fviZel©‡K
e„wU‡ki wei“‡× mš¿v‡mi c_ †e‡Q †evSvb nZ| µ‡g wn›`y kãwU †fŠ‡MvwjK
wb‡qwQj| hviv mš¿vmev`x‡`i fvev`k© cwiP‡qi mv‡_ agx©q cwiPq aviY K‡i,
wn›`y RvZxqZvev‡` wek¦vmx, hviv wn›`y RvwZ ev m¤úÖ`v‡q cwiYZ nq|
ivRbxwZ‡Z mwnsmZv, fq-fxwZ m„wó AvaywbK hy‡M A_©vr Bs‡iR Avg‡j wn›`y
BZ¨vw` bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q RvZxqZvev‡`i weKvk N‡U| G mgq wn›`y
mš¿vmev`xiv exi wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡eb, RvZxqZvev`xiv wn›`y ag©vej¤^x‡`i GKwU
GUvB ¯^vfvweK| wKš‘ RvZxqZvev`x ¯^Zš¿ RvwZ wn‡m‡e Zz‡j a‡ib| Ges
†PZbvi cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y, A_©vr hviv Gi wecix‡Z gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ gymwjg
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Zv †gv‡UB A¯^vfvweK bq| ¯^‡`kx I
mš¿vmev`x Av‡›`vj‡b evOvwj gymjgvb G m¤ú‡K© myiwRr `vm¸ß wj‡L‡Qb, ÔÔfvi‡Zi
Ask MÖnY K‡i wb| ÒA_P weªwUk we‡ivax AwaKvsk gvbyl wn›`yRvwZi Aš—f‚©³ I wKQy
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Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m GK †MŠi‡ev¾¡j hv‡`i‡K c„_K RvwZ e‡j wn›`y RvwZAa¨vq| evOvwji BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii aviYvi evB‡i `uvo Kwi‡q ivLv n‡jv
g‡Zv †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ giYRqx Zv‡`i mvg‡b †Kvb& c_ †Lvjv wQj? Kx
RvZxq exiiv ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi mg‡q e‡j Zviv AvÍcwiPq w`Z? †h A‡_©
Avwef©~Z n‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ evOvwji wn›`yiv ¯^‡`kx †m-A‡_© Zviv ¯^‡`kx
BwZnv‡mi Uªv‡RwW ¶zw`ivg, m~h©‡mb, bqt †h A‡_© Bs‡iRiv we‡`wk †m A‡_©
Abš— wmsn, †jvKbv_ ej, Zvi‡Kk¦i Zviv we‡`wk bq| Zvn‡j Zviv KZw`b
`w¯—`vi, webq-ev`j-`x‡bk, cÖxwZjZv, IBiKg AvÍcwiPqnxb Ae¯’v‡Z wn›`y
Kíbv cÖgyL †h-†`kwUi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ RvwZ Kíbvi evB‡i fviZe‡l©i gvwU‡Z
mk¯¿ msMÖvg I cÖvY DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb Zv `uvwo‡q _vKZ? wn›`y RvZxqZvev`xiv
- 23
‰PÎ msL¨v
huv‡`i‡K c„_K K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡`i
g‡a¨ e„nËi Ask wQj Bmjvg ag©vej¤^x|
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e‡j Kíbv Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wn›`y
RvwZZË¡ev`xiv GKgvÎ ag©‡KB RvwZi
wfwË wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘
fviZe‡l©i gymwjg RvwZZË¡ev`xiv
a‡g©i m‡½ f‚‡Mvj‡KI †hvM K‡i‡Qb,
Zuviv e‡j‡Qb †h fviZe‡l©i †fŠ‡MvwjK
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my‡hvM-mÜvbx Bs‡iRiv ΓwU iv‡Lwb|Ó19
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(Irwin) I MvÜxRxi g‡a¨ GK Av‡cvm
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ch©š— gyL¨ n‡q D‡VwQj| fviZe‡l©
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Z_¨ I m~Î wb‡`©k t
1| †K.Gg. ivBQDwÏb Lvb, evsjv‡`k
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Lvb eªv`vm© G¨vÛ †Kv¤úvbx, XvKv|
2| †PŠayix LvwjKz¾guv, cv_I‡q Uz
cvwK¯—vb, (1961, jsg¨vbm MÖxb,
jv‡nvi), c„ôv-43| D×…Z : ˆk‡jkKzgvi
e‡›`vcva¨vq,wRbœv: cvwK¯—vb bZzb fvebv,
c„ôv-30, (wgÎ I †Nvl cvewjmvm©,
KjKvZv)|
3| Wt gyn¤§` Ave`yi iwng, Wt Ave`yj
gwgb †PŠayix, Wt G.we.Gg gvngy`, Wt
wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm,
c„ôv-477, XvKv|
4| Wt cÂvbb mvnv, wn›`y-gymjgvb
m¤úK© t bZzb fvebv, c„ôv-193,
(wek¦ex¶v, KjKvZv)|
5| Wt cÂvbb mvnv, c~‡e©v³, c„ôv197|
6| Aveyj gbmyi Avng` Avgvi †`Lv
ivRbxwZi cÂvk eQi (wØZxq LÛ) c„ôv27, (1989, m„Rb cÖKvkbx wjwg‡UW,
XvKv)|
7. Wt cÂvbb mvnv, wn›`y-gymjgvb
m¤úK© t bZzb fvebv, c„ôv-198-99|
D×…wZ wP‡ýi †fZi¯’-AvZvDi ingvb I
†jwjb AvRv`-fvlv Av‡›`vjb, A_©‰bwZK
cUf‚wg, c„ôv-86-87, (BDwbfvwm©wU
†cÖm, XvKv)|
8. kixd Avj gyRvwn`, Kv‡q`-B-AvRg
wRbœvn-BÛvwWm Bb BbUviwcÖ‡Ukb,
Kv‡q`-B-AvRg GKv‡Wgx, KivPx,
1981| D×…Z: ˆk‡jkKzgvi e‡›`vcva¨vq,
wRbœv: cvwK¯—vb bZzb fvebv, c„ôv-48,
(wgÎ I †Nvl cvewjmvm©, KjKvZv)|
9. ˆk‡jkKzgvi e‡›`vcva¨vq, c~‡e©v³,
c„ôv-52|
10. ivg‡Mvcvj, BwÛqvb gymwjgm, c„ôv201, (Gwkqv cvewjwks nvDR, †ev¤^vB)|
D×…Z: ˆk‡jkKzgvi e‡›`vcva¨vq,
c~‡e©v³-c„ôv-51|
11. iv‡R›`ªcÖmv`, BwÛqv wWfvB‡WW,
c„ôv-130, (wn›`& wKZvem& †ev¤^vB| D×…Z:
ˆk‡jkKzgvi e‡›`vcva¨vq, c~‡e©v³-c„ôv55|
- 24
12. †PŠayix LvwjKz¾vgvu, cv_I‡q
Uz cvwK¯—vb, (1961, jsg¨vbm MÖxb,
jv‡nvi), c„ôv-94| D×…Z: ˆk‡jkKzgvi
e‡›`vcva¨vq, c~‡e©v³, c„ôv-58|
13. ivg‡Mvcvj, BwÛqvb gymwjgm, c„ôv204| D×…Z : ˆk‡jkKzgvi e‡›`vcva¨vq,
c~‡e©v³, c„ôv-58|
14. kvn& †gvnv¤§` byi“j Bmjvg, Òwe¯§„Z†_‡K eZ©gvbÓ, ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, weRq
msL¨v, 10 Rvbyqvwi, 1997 XvKv|
15. Avwidzj nK, ÒwgwWqv AvMÖvm‡bi
Ke‡j AvgivÓ, ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 10
Rvbyqvwi, 1997 XvKv|
16. D×…Z: Ievq`yj nK miKvi, ÒbvUK
wbQK bvUK bqÓ, ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 20
wW‡m¤^i, 1996|
17. gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, fviZ
hLb ¯^vaxb nw”Q‡jv, c„ôv-30| D×…Z:
Ievq`yj nK miKvi, c~‡e©v³|
18.
Be‡b
AvRv`,
ÒevOvwj
RvZxqZvev‡`i fwel¨rÓ, gynv¤§`
Rvnv½xi m¤úªw`Z, RvZxqZvev` weZK©,
(1987, BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW,
XvKv), c„ôv-79|
19. myiwRr `vm¸ß, fviZel© I Bmjvg,
c„ôv-212-213, (1991, wW,Gg,
jvB‡eªix, KjKvZv)|
20. †Lv›`Kvi †gvnv¤§` Bwjqvm,
gywReev`, c„ôv-529, (mvg¨ cÖKvkbx,
XvKv)|
‰PÎ msL¨v
gxR©v AvwRRv B`&wi‡mi ÔAvgvi
Rxeb K_vÕ
ˆmq` wRqvDj nK
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eKzj Lvbg Gi AbywjL‡b wgR©v
AvwRRv B`&wi‡mi Avgvi Rxeb K_v|
wgR©v AvwRRv B`&wim G‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ
cÖMwZkxj mvsevw`K KvRx †gvnv¤§`
B`&wim Gi ¯x| Z‡e wZwb Zuvi mviv
Rxe‡bi Kg© Øviv wb‡Ri cwiPq ØvivB
G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q m¤§v‡bi cvÎx
n‡q Av‡Qb| QqwU mšvb wb‡q Zuv‡`i
cwieviwUi Kv‡Q G‡`‡ki MYZvwšK
I cÖMwZkxj Av‡›`vj‡b RwoZ †bZv I
Kgx©iv †h KZUv FYx Zv e‡j †kl Kiv
hv‡e bv| mvsevw`KZvi RM‡Z KvRx
†gvnv¤§` B`&wim GKwU wKse`šxZzj¨
bvg| wZwb 1927 mv‡j KvigvB‡Kj
K‡jR †_‡K øvZK cv‡ki ci wKQyw`b
miKvix PvKzix K‡i c‡i P‡j Av‡mb
mvsevw`K RM‡Z| mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e wZwb
ˆ`wbK K…lK, behyM, wgj-­vZ, B‡Ënv`,
ˆ`wbK Bbmvd, ayg‡KZz, hyMevYx,
ce©‡`k I msev` cwÎKvq KvR K‡ib|
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AwffveK Ges Zuvi cwievi wQj Zv‡`i
GKUv AvkÖq¯’j| 1940 mv‡j wZwb
weevn K‡ib AvwRRv B`&wim‡K| AvwRRv
cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vi w`K †_‡K Aí wkw¶Z
n‡jI mgvRZš I mvg¨ev‡`i Av`k©‡K
G‡Kev‡i m¤úb©fv‡e Avͯ’ Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi GB wPšv I gbb
MV‡b cÖ_g Rxe‡b Zuvi gv Ges cieZx©
Rxe‡b ¯^vgxi †cÖiYvi K_v Zuvi eB‡q
wZwb D‡j-­L K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡`i evmvq
cv‡qi ajv c‡owb Ggb †Kvb cÖMwZkxj
I evgcš’x †bZv wQ‡jb bv| hLb ZLb,
mg‡q Amg‡q GmKj †bZviv Avm‡Zb
Zuv‡`i evmvq †Mvcb mfv Kiv ev LvIqv
`vIqv Kivi Rb¨| AvwRRv B`&wim nvwm
gy‡L mKj Sw° Sv‡gjv mn¨ Ki‡Zb| G
Gov‡Z cv‡ib bv| wRbœvn bvwRgDwÏb
P‡µi WvB‡i± A¨vKkb †W-i gj
D‡Ïk¨ wQj gymjxg jx‡Mi †ckx kw³
cÖ`k©b Kiv| GgbwK H w`b †KvjKvZvq
AbywôZ Rbmfvq bvwRgDwÏb †NvlYv
K‡iwQ‡jb †h, gymwjg jx‡Mi WvB‡i±
A¨vKkb Bs‡iR‡`i wei€‡× bq, wn›`y‡`i
wei€‡×| †mvnivIqv`x© AvRxeb wRbœvn
I bvwRgDwχbi c‡¶ wbj©¾ `vjvjx
KvRx B`&wi‡mi cwievi 1947 mv‡ji K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i‡K Lykx Kivi Rb¨
Av‡M 10 eQi wQ‡jb †KvjKvZvq| †mvnivIqv`x© H w`b mviv evsjv‡`‡k
Zuv‡`i †KvjKvZvi evmvI wQj Kwe, miKvix QywU †NvlYv K‡ib| GUv wQj
mvwnwZ¨K, ivRbxwZwe`‡`i wgjb¯’vb| `v½vi mc‡¶ D¯‹vbxi kvwgj| 1940
Zuv‡`i evmvq hviv Avm‡Zb Zuv‡`i mv‡ji jv‡nvi cÖ¯v‡e fvi‡Zi ce© I cwðg
g‡a¨ AvwRRv B`&wim hv‡`i bvg D‡j­-L cÖv‡š gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô AÂj wb‡q
K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Kíbv †hvkx, MxZv GKvwaK ivó« MV‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
gyLvwR©, †Mvjvg KzÏym, †Mvcvj nvj`vi, †mB cÖ¯v‡e cvwK¯vb kãwU ch©š wQj
ew¼g gyLvwR©, Kwe myKvš, i‡gb wgÎ, bv| A_P wRbœvni Pµv‡ši mn‡hvMx n‡q
Bjv wgÎ, ûgvqyb Kwei cÖgyL Ab¨Zg|
†mvnivIqv`x© jv‡nvi cÖ¯v‡ei ms‡kvabx
G‡b ÔStateÕ kã emvb| †mvnivIqv`x©i
G‡nb AvPiY †h AgvR©bxq Aciva 1971
AvwRRv B`&wim fviZ wefvMce© Ges mv‡ji NUbvi ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv Zv jv‡Lv
1947 mv‡ji ci msNwUZ mv¤úÖ`vwqK Rxeb w`‡q Dcjwä K‡iwQ| ev½vwj‡`i
`v½vi K_v D‡j­-L K‡i‡Qb| G me wei€‡× †mvnivIqv`x©i MYwe‡ivax f‚wgKv
`v½vi g‡a¨ 1946 mv‡ji AvMó cvwK¯vb cÖwZôvi ciI Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
gv‡mi `v½v wQj me‡P‡q gvivÍK|
1946 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷ gynv¤§` Avjx
wRbœvn cvwK¯vb `vexi mg_©‡b WvB‡i± AvwRRv B`&wi‡mi ¯§„wZK_vq evqvbœi
A¨vKkb †W ev cÖZ¨¶ msMªvg w`em GKz‡ki cÖm½ ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB G‡m‡Q|
†NvlYv K‡ib| †mw`b we‡Kj †_‡KB KvRx B`wim GB Av‡›`vj‡bi mc‡¶
†j‡M hvq i³¶qx `v½v| †nv‡mb AvMv‡MvovB m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb| 21†k
knx` †mvnivIqv`x© wQ‡jb ZLb evsjvi †deª€qvwi cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z iwd‡Ki gv_vi
gyL¨gšx| AvwRRv B`&wim `v½v cÖkg‡b Lywj D‡o hvq| wZwb mvsevw`K Avgvbyj
†nv‡mb knx` †mvnIivIqv`x©i f‚wgKvi nK‡K w`‡q gv_vi Lywj D‡o hvIqv
K_v D‡j-­L K‡i‡Qb Ges ZrKvjxb iwd‡K i Qwe †Zv‡jb hv AvRI Avgiv
cwÎKvq †mvnivIqv`©xi f‚wgKvi cÖksmv †`‡L wkD‡i DwV| `yt‡Li welq AvR
Kiv nq e‡jI Zuvi eB‡q wj‡L‡Qb| wKš‘ nvRv‡iv Ôfvlv ˆmwbKÕ Gi fx‡o KvRx
BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbvq GK_v ejv hvq B`wi‡mi bvg †KD DŽPviY K‡i bv|
†h, †mvnivIqv`x© H `v½vi `vq-`vwqZ¡ 21†k †deª€qvwii ci Av‡›`vj‡bi A‡bK
cÖm‡½ wZwb D‡j-­L K‡i‡Qb, Òwb‡ew`Z
cÖvY KwgDwb÷ Kgx©‡`i‡K Lye wbKU
†_‡K †`Levi, Zuv‡`i fvebv¸‡jvi mv‡_
cwiwPZ nevi my‡hvM Avgvi n‡q‡Q|
Gu‡`i mvwbœa¨‡K Avwg Avgvi †mŠfvM¨
e‡j g‡b K‡iwQ| G‡`i AvwZ‡_qZv
Kiv‡K Avwg cweÎ eªZ g‡b K‡iwQ|Ó
- 25
‰PÎ msL¨v
†bZ…e„›` †MÖdZvi nb| †m mgq †Mvc‡b
Zuv‡`i evwo‡Z Avm‡Zb Ave`yj gwZb,
MvwRDj nK, Awj Avnv` Gi gZ fvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g mvwii †bZ…e„›`|
AvwRRv B`&wi‡mi †jLvq 1954 mv‡ji
hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPb, evievi cÖ‡`‡k
miKvi cwieZ©b, hy³d«›U †f‡½ hvIqv,
KvMgvix m‡¤§jb, AvIqvgxjxM †f‡½
b¨vc MVb BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½i D‡j-­L Av‡Q|
1955 mv‡ji 7-10 †deª€qvwi ch©š 4
w`b AbywôZ KvMgvix m‡¤§j‡b AvwRRv
B`&wim †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| G †_‡K
eySv hvq Zuvi i‡³i m‡½ ivRbxwZ wg‡k
wM‡qwQj|
1966 mv‡j 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb,
AvMiZjvi lohš gvgjv I Ebmˇii
MYAv‡›`vj‡bi c_ †e‡q ïi€ nq
GKvˇii ¯^vaxbZv hy× Avi G hy×
PjvKv‡j KvRx B`wi‡mi cwievi †h
KZUv wec`RbK Ae¯’vq wQj Zv mn‡RB
Aby‡gq| Zuv‡`i cwiev‡ii mK‡j †Kvb
bv †Kvb fv‡e gyw³hy‡× mvwgj wQ‡jb|
gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j Zuv‡`i GK †g‡q Wvt
Zvgvbœvi we‡q nq 23 Ryb| we‡qi ciw`bB
¯^vgxmn wZwb iIqvbv nb gyw³hy‡× †hvM
w`‡Z| G cÖm‡½ Avi GKRb bvixi
K_v D‡j-­L Ki‡Z nq| wZwb wewkó
bRi€jMxwZ wkíx kvnx` mvgv`| wZwbI
GKvËi mv‡j we‡qi iv‡ZB ¯^vgxmn
cvwj‡q hvb gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`qvi
D‡Ï‡k¨| Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡`i‡K g‡b nq
Ghy‡Mi cÖxwZjZv| AvwRRv B`&wim Zuvi
¯§„wZPviYvq cvwK¯vbx evwnbxi ee©iZvi
A‡bK NUbv D‡j-­L K‡i‡Qb| †m m‡½
D‡j-­L K‡i‡Qb hy× PjvKv‡j wZwb, †eMg
mywdqv Kvgvj Ges cÖ‡dmi wMqvmywÏb
(GKvˇi knx`) wKfv‡e gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb †m K_v| gyw³hy×Kv‡j
AvjZvd gvngy`, knx`yj-­vn Kvqmvi,
Aa¨vcK wMqvmywÏb cÖgy‡Li g„Zz¨ Zuvi
g‡b Mfxi †iLvcvZ K‡i| Zviv mK‡jB
wQ‡jb KvRx B`wi‡mi cwiev‡ii m`‡m¨i
gZ|
†dir Kgy¨wb÷ m‡švl ¸ß‡K KvRx
B`wi‡mi evmvq M„n wk¶K wn‡m‡e wbhy³
Kiv nq| wZwb wQ‡jb †mB cwiev‡ii
mšvb‡`i gv÷vi gkvB| ÔweÁvb ms¯‹…wZ
cwil`Õ msMV‡bi m‡½ hy³ _vKvi Kvi‡Y
AvwgI m‡švl ¸‡ßi m‡½ Nwbó wQjvg|
GK mg‡qi Zz‡Lvo evgcš’x m‡švl
¸‡ßi †kl Rxe‡bi K‡qK eQ‡ii †jLv
AZ¨š nZvkve¨ÄK| g„Zz¨i K‡qK eQi
c‡e© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvaywbK fvlv
Bbw÷wUD‡U †h w`b wZwb wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i
aŸsmh‡Ái Rb¨ wnUjvi Ges ÷¨vwjb‡K
mgvbfv‡e Acivax ej‡jb †mw`b †_‡K
Zuvi m‡½ Avi †hvMv‡hvM ivwLwb| †kl
†`Lv †`wL Zuv‡K g„Zz¨i ci| †m K_v g‡b
n‡j AvRI Kó cvB|
ÔAvgvi Rxeb K_vÕ G‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi
lvU eQ‡ii GK Rxeš PvjwPÎ| wgR©v
AvwRRv B`&wim GB lvU eQ‡ii BwZnv‡mi
ïay cÖZ¨¶`kx© bb, Gi cÖwZwU NUbvi
mnhvÎx| Ggb msMÖvgx bvix Avgv‡`i
mgv‡R weij| Zey ïay Zuvi Dcw¯’wZB
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q GK weivU †cÖiYv| GB
gwnqmx bvix‡K jv‡Lv mvjvg|
KvRx B`wi‡mi cwiev‡ii AZ¨š Nwbó
wQ‡jb m‡švl ¸ß| 1956 mv‡j †Rj
- 26
‰PÎ msL¨v
Ny‡P hvK me Ašivj
Rvnvbviv AviRy
GZUzKz euvav, GZUzKz Avovj ivLe bv AvR,
K_v w`‡jg, G‡mv ewm †`uv‡n wbweo KvQvKvwQ,
A‡bK †Zv n‡jv jy‡KvPzwi, ˆK‡kv‡ii KvbvgvwQ
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†`‡ni fuv‡R fuv‡R, gnvDrme euvwk evRvq†`‡ni B›`ªRv‡j ci‡Z ci‡Z Kx †Ljv Rv‡M,
Aa‡i †Mvjvc †dvUvi gË †bkv jv‡M,
Drme gyLi ivwÎ G †Kvbevmi mvRvq!
G‡mvbv Av‡iv Kv‡Q cÖvY f‡i †`‡L †bB Avevi
IB †h eo AvikxUvq wew¤^Z Avgiv `yÕRbKZ †Pbv IB †PvL gyL, Zey meB bZzb
†`‡L †`‡L mva †g‡U bv G A‡kl †`Lvi!
G †Kgb †eu‡P _vKv
L›`Kvi Ave`yj­vn& Avj kixd
jMœ hw` G‡m _v‡K Ny‡P hvK me Ašivj
`yÕR‡b `yÕR‡bi ey‡K euvP‡ev †h AbšKvj!
GLb Avgvi evm
¯^cœ Avi ¯^cœf‡½i mi“ we›`yi g‡a¨
fvM¨ me mgq cÖwZc¶ n‡q hvq
`ye©j fvjevmv¸‡jv Rxe‡b nvbv †`q
AvZZvqxi gZ|
hv nevi bq ZvB n‡q hvq
wbqwZ †V‡j wb‡q hvq Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡š—
†mLvb †_‡K wd‡i Avmevi Rb¨
hZUzKz fvjevmvi cÖ‡qvRb
Zv-Kx mwÂZ Av‡Q G nƒ`‡q!
Zzwg fvj bv evm‡jB eyS‡Z cvwi
fvjevmv Kx
Zzwg Kv‡Q bv Uvb‡jB Abyfe Kwi
Pz¤^‡Ki AvKl©Y Kx
G †Kgb Rxeb! G †Kgb fvjevmv!
G †Kgb †eu‡P _vKv!
- 27
‰PÎ msL¨v
Mix‡ei cv‡k `uvov‡bv AvwQ
Avjx Avn&‡g`
Avgvi `yB nv‡Z `yB we‡li euvkx Ab¨vq ‡iv‡a
duvmxi g‡Â D‡V AvwgI nvwm-nvwm Avi nvwm
‡hgb nvm&‡Qb, ¶zwaivg, bvbv fvB, wZZzgxi Avi Suvmx|
wbtk‡ã MvB Mvb-gvbe gyw³i Mvb-i¶vq wbh©vZx‡Zi m¤§vb|
Mv‡bi †Zv‡o, Mv‡bi S¼v‡i abyi AvNv‡Z cÖKw¤úZ
RR©wiZ †kvl‡Ki cvlvb cÖvY-Awbe©vi|
euvkxi my‡i, ivwMYxi ¯ú‡k© RbZvi ¶zägb †b‡P DVyK fxlg
So‡e‡M Qy‡U PjyK Pviw`K †mv”Pvi| Avwg `v‡š—-Avwg fj‡Uqvi|
Avgvi `yB nv‡Z `yB we‡li euvkx, Ab¨vq †iv‡a wek¦¯— mvnmx`ye©‡ji cv‡k `uvwo‡q Avwg MvB gyw³i Rq Mvb
Avwg PvB bxwZnxb gvby‡li `¤¢kw³i Aemvb;
‡hgb †P‡q‡Qb, †M‡q‡Qb bRi“j, myKvš—, †bjmb
DBbx †g‡Ûjv, cv‡ejv †bi“`v Avi wMwRÄvi mgv‡b mgvb|
Avgvi evukx‡Z IV‡Q myi, IV‡Q S¼uvi,
cÖwZkÖ“Z RbZvi cv‡k-`uvov‡bv Avwg,
euvkx nv‡Z AvgiY û¼uvi|
- 28
‰PÎ msL¨v
Gm.Gd.wW ¯^v¯’¨ evZ©v
Hepatitis
fvBivj †ncvUvBwUm ev RwÛm
K‡qKwU fvBivm gvbe‡`‡ni hK…r ev
wjfv‡i cÖ`vn m„wói Rb¨ `vqx| G¸‡jv
n‡ŽQ G, we, wm, wW Ges B| cwimsL¨v‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q, †`‡ki cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i g‡a¨
80 †_‡K 90 kZvsk e¨w³ Rxe‡bi
†Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv mg‡q G Ges B
fvBiv‡m Avµvš n‡ŽQb| GB gyn‡Z©
†`‡ki cÖvq 8 kZvsk e¨w³i †`‡n we
fvBiv‡mi RxevYy i‡q‡Q| eqtcÖvß cÖvq 1
kZvsk e¨w³i †`‡n i‡q‡Q †ncvUvBwUm
wm fvBivm| Avi G fvBivm †ewk nvbv
w`‡ŽQ wkï‡`i †`‡n| we‡k¦ G fvBivm
GBWm-Gi fvBivm †_‡K 100 ¸Y
†ewk|
- 29
†ncvUvBwUm Kx? RwÛm I †ncvUvBwUm
m¤ú‡K© wKQy K_v
†ncvUvBwUm n‡ŽQ wjfv‡ii cÖ`vn|
RwÛm n‡ŽQ A‡bK wjfvi †iv‡Mi GKwU
j¶YgvÎ| mPivPi †h Kvi‡Y RwÛm
†`Lv †`q Zv n‡ŽQ fvBivj †ncvUvBwUm|
G Qvov wcË_wj ev wcËbvjx‡Z cv_i
‰PÎ msL¨v
ev K¨vÝvi †_‡KI RwÛm n‡Z cv‡i|
†Kv‡bv A¯^vfvweK Kvi‡Y i‡³i †jvwnZ
KwYKv¸‡jv `ª€Z †f‡O †h‡Z _vK‡jI
RwÛm nq|
†Kvb †ncvUvBwUm fvBivm wKfv‡e
Qovq?
†ncvUvBwUm G Ges fvBivm GKBfv‡e
Qovq| ˆPÎ-ˆekvL gv‡m A_©vr MÖx®§Kv‡j
ev eb¨vi ci weï× cvwbi AcÖZzjZv
_v‡K| Avµvš †ivMxi gjgÎ Lvev‡ii
cvwb‡Z msµwgZ n‡q G¸‡jv Qov‡Z
cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K †ncvUvBwUm we Ges
wm fvBivm Qovevi aib GK iKg
†hgb-msµwgZ i³ mÂvjb, msµwgZ
B‡ÄKk‡bi myP I wmwiÄ e¨envi,
Avµvš gv‡qi †_‡K Mf©¯’ mšv‡bi,
†ivMxi gy‡Li jvjv, exh© ev †hŠbim,
kix‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv wbm„Z im †_‡K Giv
msµwgZ n‡Z cv‡i|
K¨vÝv‡i Avµvš nb, hvi cwiYvg n‡ŽQ
g„Zz¨| †KD †KD we Ges wm fvBivm
mviv RxebB e‡q †eovb| Giv mgv‡R
I cwiev‡i †ivMwU Qov‡Z _v‡Kb A_P
wb‡R †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯’ nb bv|
†`‡k fvBivm wbY©‡qi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q
wK?
G, we, wm fvBivm wbY©‡qi e¨e¯’v
i‡q‡Q| Z‡e B fvBivm wbY©‡qi e¨e¯’v
†bB, hv cvk¦eZx© A‡bK †`‡kB Av‡Q|
wKš‘ cÖPwjZ A‰eÁvwbK AcwPwKrmv,
KweivRx, †nvwgIc¨vw_, M­-‡Kv‡Ri
y
cvwb,
Wv‡ei cvwb, Av‡Li im, cvZvi im, Mjvq
gvjv †`qv, dwK‡ii iwk, bv‡K Pzb, Svo
fvo-duyK BZ¨vw` cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡i
G¸‡jvi ¸YMZ gvb cÖgvwYZ nqwb|
nq bv| MÖv‡gM‡Ä wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb
Lv‡eb|
MÖv‡g cÖwZwU evwo‡Z m¨vwbUvwi j¨vwUªb
_vKv Ri€wi| †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gjgÎ
Z¨vM Ki‡eb bv| Amy¯’ n‡j B‡ÄKkb
†`evi mgq wWm‡cv‡Rej wmwiÄ e¨envi
Ki€b| Zv m¤¢e bv n‡j Kuv‡Pi wmwiÄwU
30 wgwbU dzUš cvwb‡Z dzwU‡q Z‡eB
e¨envi Ki‡eb| kix‡i i³ mÂvj‡bi
c‡e© i‡³i fvBiv‡mi cix¶v¸‡jv Kwi‡q
†b‡eb|
Avµvš †ivMxi mv‡_ IVvemv, †gjv‡gkv,
LvIqv-`vIqv, Nwbó I e¨w³MZ mvnP‡h©
Avmv wbivc` bq|
hw`I ÔwmÕ fvBiv‡mi wUKv GLbI
Avwe®‹…Z nqwb, ÔweÕ fvBiv‡mi wUKv
†`‡k mn‡RB cvIqv hv‡ŽQ| wUKv †bqvi
Av‡M Avcbvi i³ cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|
hw` GBPweGmGwR †b‡MwUf nq, RwÛm
wPwKrmv Ges Lvevi
ev wjfv‡ii Ab¨ †Kv‡bv AmyL bv _v‡K,
Z‡e gkvi Kvg‡o fvBivm¸‡jv Qovevi †ivMx‡K wekÖvg w`‡Z n‡e| wPwKrmKB Z‡e Avcwb wUKv wb‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e
fvBivm i‡³ Xz‡K †M‡j Avgiv GLbI
wba©viY Ki‡eb wekÖv‡gi gvÎv|
†Kv‡bv mywbw`©ó cÖgvY †bB|
Amnvq| KviY G‡¶‡Î wPwKrmv n‡ŽQ wUKv
Gme †ivMxi Ggwb‡ZB ¶zav g›`v ewgGes A¨vw›UewW †mivg BwgD‡bv †M-­vweIwjb
ewg fve, K¬vwšKi Ae¯’v _v‡K| A‡bK
†ncvUvBwUm fvBivm Avµvš †ivMxi gv-†evb njy` w`‡q Lvevi w`‡Z Pvb bv| †`qv|
cwiYwZ Kx?
A_P G mgq †ivMxi i€wP Abyhvqx njy`
Avm‡j we I wm fvBivm Avµvš RwÛm gwiP jeYmn‡hv‡M ¯^vfvweK ivbœv Kiv Hepatitis B
n‡ŽQ RwUj| Z‡e we fvBivm Avµvš Lvevi †L‡Z †`qv DwPZ| g‡b ivL‡eb
†ivMx‡`i 80 †_‡K 90 kZvsk m¤úY© †ivMx hZ †L‡Z cvi‡e ZZB `ª€Z Zvi †ncvUvBwUm we †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv
my¯’ n‡q hvb| 10 †_‡K 20 kZvs‡ki wjfv‡ii DbœwZ n‡e|
†¶‡Î fvBivmwU kix‡i †_‡K †h‡Z
`xN©‡gqv`x (µwbK) †ncvUvBwUm we-Gi
cv‡i| ZLb G‡`i KvRB n‡ŽQ wjfvi
†Kv‡bv wPwKrmv †bB e‡j A‡b‡Ki aviYv|
‡Kvl¸‡jv‡K bó Ki‡Z _vKv| G‡`i †ncvUvBwUm fvBivmRwbZ †ivM †_‡K G aviYv cvm Kiv AvaywbK Wv³v‡ii KvQ
g‡a¨ Avevi 1-2 kZvsk †ivMx RwÛm euvP‡Z n‡j†_‡KI A‡b‡K †c‡q _v‡Kb| A‡bK
†_‡K Zvr¶wYKfv‡e gviv †h‡Z cv‡ib| hÎZÎ cvwb cvb Kiv‡eb bv| †Lvjv †ivMx‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ Wv³vi mv‡ne
GB Ae¯’vwU‡K e‡j dvjwg‡b›U †ncvwUK Lvevi Lv‡eb bv| Lvevi cvwb AšZ 30 e‡j‡Qb HBs-Ag-Positive GUv
†dBjy¨i| 8 †_‡K 18 kZvs‡ki †`‡n wgwbU a‡i UMeM K‡i dzwU‡q VvÛv K‡i †Zgb wKQy bv Ges GRb¨ wKQy Kivi
we I wm fvBivm eske„w× Ki‡Z _v‡K| Z‡eB Lv‡eb| Zv‡Z K‡i me fvBivm †bB ev `iKvi †bB| wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡¶
G‡`i GKwU Ask 2 †_‡K 4 eQ‡ii aŸsm nq| Z‡e †K¬vwi‡bkb ev cvwb Dc‡iv³ Dc‡`k¸‡jv Av‡`Š mwVK bq|
g‡a¨ wjfvi wm‡ivwmm Ges wjfvi weïw×KiY ewo‡Z GBme fvBivm aŸsm
- 30
‰PÎ msL¨v
µwbK †ncvUvBwUm we GKUv gvivÍK
AmyL| Avµvš †ivMx‡`i 20-30 fvM 20
eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wjfvi wm‡ivwm‡m Avµvš
nq| Avevi A‡bK wjfvi K¨vÝvi, wjfvi
†dwjDi, †c‡U cvwb Rgv Ges i³ewgi
gva¨‡g A‡b‡KB gyZz¨gy‡L cwZZ nb|
ZvB GB AmyLwU‡K nvévfv‡e †bqv
DwPZ bq| Dchy³ mg‡q wPwKrmv Ki‡j
kZKiv 20-40 fvM (†¶Î we‡k‡l 65
fvM ch©š) †jvK GB AmyL †_‡K gyw³
†c‡Z cv‡i| µwbK †ncvUvBwUm we Gi
wPwKrmvi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ n‡ŽQ, †iv‡Mi
µgweKvk‡K evavMÖ¯’ Kiv Ges Gi
`xN©‡gqv`x ¶wZKviK w`K¸‡jv‡K eÜ
A_ev gš’i K‡i †`qv| Gi mwVK A_©
nj †ncvUvBwUm we fvBivm‡K AKvh©Ki
Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Avbv, wjfv‡ii ¶Z‡K
m¤žY© fvj Kiv ev Kwg‡q Avbv, wjfv‡i
dvBeªvm wUmy¨ Rgvi cÖwµqv‡K cÖwZnZ
K‡i wjfv‡ii ¶wZKviK †ivM¸‡jv
†VKv‡bv|
eZ©gv‡b DbœZ we‡k¦ †ek K‡qKUv Ilya
†ncvUvBwUm we Gi wPwKrmvq e¨eüZ
n‡ŽQ| G¸‡jv n‡ŽQ B›Uvi‡dib,
j¨vwgfzwWb, d¨vgmvB‡K¬vwfi, GwW‡dwfi
wW‡cfvweªj, _vB‡gvwmb Avjdv BZ¨vw`|
Z‡e B›Uvi‡dib Ges j¨vwgfvweªb GB
`yBwU IlyaB `ywbqvRy‡o e¨vcKfv‡e
e¨eüZ n‡ŽQ|
B›Uvi‡dib B‡ÄKkb wnmv‡e †ivMx‡K
†`qv nq| †ivMxi †ivM cybwe©‡k-­l‡Yi ci
4 gvm †_‡K 1 eQi ch©š wVKgZ Ilya
cÖ‡qv‡M 20-40 fvM †ivMx †ivMgy³ n‡Z
cv‡ib| B›Uvi‡dib B‡ÄKk‡bi d‡j
†ek wKQy †ivMx mvaviY Ae¯’v †_‡K
e¨vcKfv‡e cvk¦cÖwZwµqv‡Z fzM‡Z cv‡i|
Aí msL¨K †ivMxi †¶‡Î GUv mn¨ bvI
Ki‡Z cv‡i| B›Uvi‡dib B‡ÄKkbwU
KLb Ges †Kvb †¶‡Î e¨envi Ki‡Z
n‡e Zvi wek` we‡k-­lY †ivMx‡K bv w`‡j
wn‡Z wecixZ n‡Z cv‡i, we‡kl K‡i
hv‡`i wjfv‡ii Kvh©¶gZv A‡bK K‡g
G‡m‡Q|
MZ 4-5 ermi a‡i j¨vwgfzwWb bv‡gi
ewowU wek¦ evRv‡i †ncvUvBwUm we-Gi
wPwKrmvq e¨eüZ n‡q Avm‡Q| GB
IlyawUi A‡bK myweav Av‡Q| GUv gy‡L
LvIqvi GKwU Ilya Ges B›Uvi‡di‡bi
†P‡q A‡bK Kg `vgx| cvk¦©cÖwZwµqvI
B›Uvi‡di‡bi †P‡q A‡bK Kg, Z‡e
m¤žY© mgm¨v gy³ bq| wVKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡j 1 eQ‡ii wPwKrmvq kZKiv 1521 fvM †ivMx †ivMgy³ n‡Z cv‡ib|
hw`I GKwU AwZwbw`©ó †kÖYxi †ivMx‡`i
`xN©‡gqv`x (2-3 eQi) wPwKrmvi d‡j
27-65 fvM †ivMxi †ivMgyw³i m¤¢vebv
Av‡Q| j¨vwgfzwWb e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î
myweavRbK welq nj, †hme †¶‡Î µwbK
†ncvUvBwUm we Gi wPwKrmvq B›Uvi‡dib
e¨envi SuywKcY© †mme †¶‡Î j¨vwgfzwWb
e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| `xN©w`b Ilya
e¨env‡ii d‡j 15-50 fvM †ivMxi kix‡i
fvBiv‡mi KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b nq, d‡j
Ily‡ai Kvh©¶gZvI †jvc cvq| ZvQvov
Jla e‡Üi c‡i I PjvKvjxb wKQy
†ivMxi wjfvi †dwjD‡ii Avk¼v †`Lv
†`q| B`vbxs cÎcwÎKvq j¨vwgfzwWb
m¤^‡Ü †ek wKQy †Qv‡UvLv‡Uv cÖwZ‡e`b
cÖKvk n‡q‡Q ev n‡ŽQ| cÖ¯‘ZKvix
†Kv¤žvwb¸‡jvI djvI K‡i ïaygvÎ
Jl‡ai fv‡jv w`K¸‡jv Zz‡j a‡i‡Q|
¶wZKviK w`K¸‡jv I Ace¨env‡ii
mgm¨v¸‡jvi K_v D‡j­-L n‡ŽQ bv | d‡j
mvaviY gvbyl GgbwK Wv³vi‡`i g‡a¨
JlawU m¤^‡Ü åvš aviYv m„wó n‡ŽQB GB
cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z JlawUi Ace¨enviI j¶¨
Kiv hv‡ŽQ|
- 31
Z‡e Dwj-­wLZ Jla `yÕwU Avjv`v Avjv`v
cÖ‡qvM bv K‡i GK‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| B`vbxs M‡elYvq †`Lv hv‡ŽQ †h
`ywU Jla GK‡Î e¨envi Ki‡j kZKiv
30 fvM †ivMx †ivMgy³ n‡Z cv‡i hv
c„_Kfv‡e 2wU Jl‡ai Kvh©¶gZvi †P‡q
†ewk|
Dc‡iv³ eûj cÖPwjZ GB Jla
`ywUB GLb wjfvi weklÁ‡`i gva¨‡g
e¨vcKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM n‡ŽQ| Z‡e c‡e©i
D‡j-­wLZ Jla¸‡jv Qvov Ab¨¸‡jvi
e¨envi AZ¨š mxgve× Ges A‡bK
†¶‡Î †m¸‡jv M‡elYvi ch©v‡q Av‡Q|
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e µwbK †ncvUvBwUm we
Gi wPwKrmvi Rb¨ Jla¸‡jvi A‡bK
cvk¦©cÖwZwµqvI Av‡Q| ZvQvov wPwKrmv
hv‡Z Kvh©Kix nq †mRb¨ cY©v½ cÖ‡qvMwewa
Rvb‡Z n‡e| DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z GB
Jla¸‡jv ïaygvÎ wjfvi we‡klÁ‡`i
gva¨‡g e¨envi Kiv n‡ŽQ| me©‡kl Avwg
Rvbv‡Z PvB µwbK †ncvUvBwUm we GKwU
gvivÍK AmyL| Z‡e Avµvš gvby‡li
†f‡O covi †Kv‡bv KviY †bB| eZ©gv‡b
GB †iv‡Mi Kvh©Kix †hme Ilya¸‡jv
cvIqv hv‡ŽQ, mwVK I myôz Jla cÖ‡qv‡Mi
gva¨‡g A‡bK †ivMx Zv‡ZB †ivMgy³ n‡Z
cv‡i| G‡jvcvZvwofv‡e GB Jla¸‡jvi
e¨envi hv‡Z bv nq †mw`K †_‡K Wv³vi,
†ivMx, Jla †Kv¤žvwb Ges m‡e©vcwi
miKv‡ii mswk-­ó KZ©„c‡¶i mZK© `„wó
w`‡Z n‡e|
‰PÎ msL¨v
Gm.Gd.wW iƒc ˆkjx
{
}
‡gKv‡ci ïi€‡Z fv‡jv K‡i gyL ay‡q cwi®‹vi Ki€b| Gici 5-10 wgwbU
GKwU AvBm wKDe N‡l wbb| eid Nlvi ci Z¡K‡K VvÛv Ges ZvRv
Ki‡Z ˆZjv³ Z¡‡K G¨vw÷ªb‡R›U e¨envi Ki€b Ges hv‡`i Z¡K ﮋ †_‡K
¯^vfvwe‡Ki g‡a¨ Zviv †Uvbvi e¨envi Ki€b| ‡gKv‡ci Av‡M IqvUvi †eBRW&
g‡qðvivBRvi e¨envi Ki€b|
el©vKvj
Avlvp gvm| mvivw`b SzgSzg e„wó| el©vFZz
meviB wcÖq| el©v †hb MÖx‡®§i cÖLiZvi
†k‡l cÖkvwši cik| el©vi Uvcyi Uzcyi kã
gb‡K fxlY fv‡e †`vjv w`‡jI, Avgv‡`i
Z¡K Avi Pzj hw` ZZLvwb mvov bv †`q,
‡Zv AevK n‡eb bv| G mg‡q evZv‡m
Rjxqev‡®ži cwigvY G‡Zv †ekx †e‡o hvq
†h, Z¡K Ges Pzj n‡q ‡h‡Z cv‡i wPUwP‡U,
m¨uvZ‡mu‡Z, cÖvYnxb Avi ﮋ|
el©vi AvMg‡b mKj eqmx m‡PZb †g‡qiv
Zv‡`i Z¡K I Pz‡ji D¾¡jZv I PKP‡K
`xwßgqZv wb‡q DwØMœ n‡q c‡ob| hw`I
MÖx‡®§i Zxeª `ve`vn †_‡K gyw³ `vb K‡i,
Z_vwc el©vKvj Avgv‡`i my¯’ I mej
Z¡‡Ki cÖwZ GK ai‡bi P¨v‡jÄ Qz‡o ‡`q|
GB el©vq wKfv‡e Z¡K I Pz‡ji hZœ wb‡Z
n‡e Ges †gKv‡c, †cvkvK evQvB‡q, Lvevi
MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î †Kvb e¨vcvi ¸‡jv‡K ¸i€Z¡
w`‡eb Gmg¯ wb‡q ej‡Qb weL¨vZ iƒcPP©v
I ‡mŠ›`h© we‡k-lYKvix KvwbR Avjgvm
Lvbt
w¯‹b †Kqvit
• cÖwZw`b `yÕevi Z¡‡Ki aiY Abyhvqx
wK¬bwRs, †Uvwbs Ges g‡qðvivBwRs
Ges mßv‡n `yÕevi ‡dwmqvj ¯Œve w`‡q
G·‡dvwj‡qkb Ki€b|
• Avjdv nvB‡Wªvw· G¨vwmW (AHA) mg„×
†dm Iqvk Z¡K‡K me‡_‡K †ekx ZiZvRv
K‡i, hw`I w`‡b GKev‡ii †ekx e¨envi
- 32
bv Ki‡jB fv‡jv nq|
• cÖwZevi gyL †avIqvi ci Z¡‡Ki m~²iÜ«
(pores) ¸‡jv‡K eÜ Kivi Rb¨ Ges
Z¡‡Ki wcGBP (pH) e¨v‡j݆K wVKVvK
ivLvi Rb¨ †Uvwbs Ki€b |
• Z¡‡Ki b¨vPvivj A‡qj‡K i¶v Kivi
†Póv Ki€b; GRb¨ Gw›U-dvsMvj A_ev
cviwdDgW& †mvc e¨venvi bv K‡i wWc
†cvi w¯‹b wK¬bRvi e¨envi Ki€b |
• Avcbvi Z¡‡Ki ‡mŠ›`‡h© bZzb gvÎv †hvM
Ki‡Z GB el©vFZz‡ZI cÖwZgv‡m GKevi
K‡i †dwmqvj Ki€b|
‰PÎ msL¨v
KvwbR Avjgvm Lvb
• ¯^vfvweK †_‡K ﮋZ¡‡K mviv ivZ `y‡ai
mi Ges KvuPv njy` jvwM‡q ivL‡j Z¡K
n‡e UvbUvb, `„p Kivi cvkvcvwk Z¡‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq g‡qðvivBRvi †hvMv‡e|
• Z¡K‡K ¯^v‡¯’¨v¾¡j ivL‡Z Avcwb cvuKv
†cu‡cu A_ev cvuKv Kjv PU‡K jvMv‡Z
cv‡ib|
• ˆZjv³ Z¡‡Ki Rb¨ †jeyi im, Pv‡ji ¸ov
Ges K‡qK †dvUv †Mvjvc Rj GKmv‡_
wgwj‡q c¨vK evwb‡q e¨envi K‡i †`L‡Z
cv‡ib|
• e„wói cvwb †j‡M PzjKvwb n‡j 100 MÖvg
LuvwU bvi‡Kj †Z‡ji mv‡_ 5 MÖvg Kc©~iG,
wbgcvZvi im I KuvPv njy` wgwj‡q e¨env‡i
DcKvi cvIqv hv‡e|
• G mg‡q Ringworm GKwU mvaviY
mgm¨v| G mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z
Zzjmx cvZv I wbgcvZv evUv Ges GKUz
jeb wgwk‡q Avµvš ¯’v‡b w`‡b wZb/
Pvi evi jvMvb |
Avevi cybivq Pzj Av‡Mi g‡Zv K‡i evuavI
Kómva¨| hw`I †fRv, wb‡šR Pz‡j Av‡Mi
Kiv ÷vBj Avi fv‡jvI †`Lv‡e bv|
‡nqvi †Kqvit
• cÖwZ GKw`b cici fv‡jv gv‡bi
k¨v¤žy w`‡q Pzj †av‡eb Ges
KwÛkbvi e¨envi Ki‡eb|
†fRv Pz‡j (Pz‡ji †Mvovq
A_ev gv_vi Z¡‡K bq)
KwÛkbvi
jvwM‡q
wKQz¶Y A‡c¶v K‡i
ay‡q wbb;
G†Z
Avcbvi Pz‡j evowZ
D¾¡jZv †hvM n‡e
Ges Pzj KzuK‡o
hv‡ebv|
• Pzj †fRv Ae¯’vq †i‡L †`‡eb bv, A_ev
†fRv Pzj †eu‡a ivL‡eb bv| G‡Z K‡i
LykwK n‡Z cv‡i|
• wbqwgZ gvmvR
Kiv‡eb|
G†Z
K‡i Avcbvi Pzj
I gv_vi Z¡K LykwK
Ges G RvZxq
mKj mgm¨v †_‡K
wbivc` _vK‡e|
Av½y‡ji AMÖfvM
w`‡q ax‡i ax‡i
gv_vi Z¡‡K gvmvR
Ki€b| nv‡Zi Zvjy e¨envi bv KivB
fv‡jv| mßv‡n AšZ `yÕevi †nqvi gvmvR
Kiv‡bv DwPr|
• GB †muZ†mu‡Z, R‡jv, Av`ª© I wm³
FZz‡Z Pzj cov Kgv‡Z Ges KzwÂZ n‡q
hvIqv †iva Ki‡Z Awjf A‡qj Mig K‡i
Gi wfZ‡i K‡qK †dvUv wfUvwgb B-K¨vc
wgwj‡q gvmvR K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡ib|
• GB FZzi me‡_‡K Kvh©Kix ÷vBj n‡jv
cwb †UBj Kiv|
• m¤¢e n‡j wbqwgZ †nbv wUªU‡g›U
Kiv‡eb|
• el©vi G w`b¸‡jv‡Z Pzj cov Kgv‡Z
`yÕPvgP K‡i AvgjwKi ¸uov, Avgjv,
wkKvKvB, wWg I UK `B wgwj‡q e¨envi
K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡ib|
• k¨v¤žy I KwÛkwbs ‡k‡l Avav gM
(†Mvm‡ji Rb¨ e¨eüZ) cvwb‡Z `yÕPv PvgP
gay, `yB Kvc Pv‡qi wjKvi Ges GK PvgP
cvwZ †jeyi im w`‡q Pyj ay‡q †djyb; Pzj
_vK‡e SiS‡i|
‡gKvct
• ‡gKv‡ci ïi€‡Z fv‡jv K‡i gyL ay‡q
cwi®‹vi Ki€b| Gici 5-10 wgwbU GKwU
AvBm wKDe N‡l wbb| eid Nlvi ci
Z¡K‡K VvÛv Ges ZvRv Ki‡Z ˆZjv³
Z¡‡K G¨vw÷ªb‡R›U e¨envi Ki€b Ges
hv‡`i Z¡K ﮋ †_‡K ¯^vfvwe‡Ki g‡a¨
Zviv †Uvbvi e¨envi Ki€b| ‡gKv‡ci
Av‡M IqvUvi †eBRW& g‡qðvivBRvi
e¨envi Ki€b|
• dvD‡Ûkb bv jvwM‡q nvjKv K‡i cvDWvi
e¨envi w`‡qB †eR ˆZix Ki€b|
• nvjKv ¯^ŽQ jvBU eªvDb, †eBR A_ev
wc¼ wµg AvB-k¨v‡Wv jvMv‡eb|
• GB mg‡q wbw`©ó GKwU k¨v¤žy Ges
KwÛkbvi e¨envi Ki€b Ges †nqvi †¯cÖ
cviZc‡¶ Gwo‡q hv‡eb|
• cvZjv K‡i GKUvb ‡cwÝj AvB-jvBbvi
Ges GK-`yB cÖ‡jc IqvUvi cրd gvmKviv
jvwM‡q wbb|
• ‡Póv Ki€b ‡QvU K‡i Pzj †K‡U ivL‡Z|
h_v m¤¢e mnR mij Pz‡ji ÷vBj Ki€b|
A‡bK †ekx mvRv‡bv †MvQv‡bv Pzj g¨v‡bR
Kiv †ek RwUj, GKevi wf‡R †M‡j
• big g¨vU wjcw÷K A_ev wc¼ ev eªvDb
†k‡Wi cvZjv wdbwd‡b wjc M-m jvMv‡bv
‡h‡Z cv‡i|
- 33
‰PÎ msL¨v
• G mg‡qi †gKvc nvjKv Ges LvwbKUv
¯^ŽQ n‡jB ‡`L‡Z fv‡j †`Lv‡e|
el©vKv‡ji †gKvc Mvp Ges D¾¡j n‡j Zv
ay‡q wM‡q Qwo‡q hvIqvi m¤¢ebv _v‡K|
• IqvUvi cրd dvD‡Ûkb (GKvš
cÖ‡qvR‡b), wjc jvBbvi, gvmKviv, AvB
jvBbvi Ges Qwo‡q hv‡ebv Ggb wjcw÷K
e¨envi Ki€b|
• AvB-‡eªv‡K †kc †`Iqvi Rb¨ bv Gu‡K
†_ªwWs Ki€b Ges KvRj (†Kvnj)†K
kxZKvj ch©š DwV‡q ivLyb|
• Avcbv‡K hw` e-­vk e¨envi Ki‡ZB nq,
nvjKv i‡Oi wµg e-­vk †hgbt wc¼, wcP
A_ev eªvDb Kvjv‡ii e-­vk jvwM‡q fv‡jv
K‡i †e­Û Ki€b|
• ‡gK-Avc ïi€i Av‡M Ges ‡gK-Avc
†Zvjvi Rb¨ wK¬bRvi e¨envi Ki€b|
‡cvkvK-cwiŽQ`t
• cvZjv eyb‡bi mywZ, wgkª mywZ A_ev
cwjbvBjb Kvc‡oi †cvkvK ci€b|
Aek¨ †iqb, wkdb, †µc, R‡R©U A_ev
wm‡éi KvcoI ci‡Z cv‡ib; Gme Kvco
wf‡R †M‡j A_ev Kv`v †j‡M †M‡j ay‡q
wb‡Z cv‡ib, mn‡RB ïwK‡q hv‡e|
• wKQz is †hgb ‡MÖ, WvK© †bwf e­y, ¯‹vB
e-y, wWc †eBR, Awjf MÖxY, †cj Awjf,
WvK© Awjf, gf, fv‡qv‡jU, j¨v‡fÛvi,
mx e-y, mx MÖxY, †cj K¨v‡gj A_ev µxg,
BwÛ‡Mv, wcP, jvBU Kcvi, jvBU cvc©j,
†cj †jgb, †jgb B‡q‡jv, kv`v BZ¨vw`
el©vKv‡ji Rb¨ Av`k©|
• GQvovI Ab¨vb¨ Mvp Kvjvi †hgb eªvDb,
†bwf e-y, †iW, †gi€b, Awjf BZ¨vw`
is¸‡jvI †e‡Q wb‡Z cv‡ib|
• GB FZz‡Z kvox A‡c¶v mv‡jvqvi-KvwgR
g¨v‡bR Ki‡Z †ekx Avivg`vqK n‡e|
•‡Wwb‡gi Kvco Gwo‡q †M‡j fv‡jv nq,
G¸‡jv el©v Kv‡ji Rb¨ bq|
• GB FZz‡Z QvZv Ges †iBb †KvUI
d¨vk‡bi ¸i€Z¡cY© Ask| kv`v A_ev
Ab¨vb¨ nvjKv is `ª€Z †bvsiv n‡q hvq;
†mRb¨ gRvi gRvi Kvjv‡ii QvZv Ges
†iBb †KvU wbb|
d‡ji im BZ¨vw` Lv‡eb|
• Pvgovi m¨v‡Ûj A_ev nvB wnj Ab¨
mg‡qi Rb¨ Zz‡j ivLyb| d¨vwÝ PUK`vi
Kvjvidyj cvZjv m¨v‡Ûj ci€b| nU wc¼,
†bwf e-y, †iW Ges A‡iÄ Kvjv‡ii m¨v‡Ûj
AvKv‡ki GB gb Lvivc Kiv w`b¸‡jv‡Z
Avcbv‡K Avb›``vqK †cÖiYv †hvMv‡Z
cv‡i|
• ‡Nvj †L‡Z cv‡ib; G‡Z nRg kw³ e„w×
cvq, Avevi Lvevi LvIqvi Av‡M †jeyi
i‡m wPwb wgwj‡qI †L‡Z cv‡ib; G‡Z
nRg ¶gZvI ev‡o, kix‡i kw³ †hvMvq,
KÝwU‡ckb `~i K‡i Ges gw¯¯‹‡K mej
K‡i|
• ‡ekx K`©gv³ ¯’v‡b cv‡qi Av½yj¸‡jv
XvKv m¨v‡Ûj ci€b| G‡Z K‡i Avcbvi
cv‡qi bL Ges wKDwUKjm& i¶v cv‡e|
GQvovI GB FZz‡Z wbqg K‡i †cwKwKDi
Kiv‡Z cvi‡j fv‡jv nq|
• eo, PIov wWRvB‡bi Pzwo Ges †Svjv‡bv,
Kvjvidzj Kv‡bi `yj Avcbvi mvwe©K
mv‡Ri mv‡_ †ek gvbv‡e|
Lv`¨vf¨vmt
• gbgy»Ki eilvi A‡Svi aviv MÖx‡®§i
Zxeª `ve`vn †_‡K gyw³ w`‡jI GB mg‡q
bvbvb ai‡Yi Lv`¨ msµvš †ivM ‡hgb dzW
cqRwbs, Wvqwiqv, K‡jiv BZ¨vw` †iv‡Mi
cÖv`y©fve †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|
• wZZv Ges G¨vw÷ªb‡R›U mg„× mewR
Lv‡eb Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi VvÛv Lvevi
‡hgb evwj©, eªvDb ivBm Ges he †L‡Z
cv‡ib|
• wbZ¨ ˆbwgwËK Lvev‡i cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq
wKQzUv †ekx Av`v Ges †cuqvR Lv‡eb|
• GB mg‡q Avgv‡`i cwicvK Zš †h‡nZz
`~e©j n‡q hvq, †m‡nZy wewfbœ ai‡bi
M¨vmxq Lvevi bv †L‡Z †Póv Ki€b|
• iv¯vi cv‡ki wewfbœ ai‡bi Lvevi cwinvi
Ki€b; GB mg¯ Lvevi ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z bq|
• wkg, UvUKv `B, wLi, †gw_, cvwb, UvUKv
- 34
• UK, fvRvfywR, Lye †ekx Mig Ges
gkjv`vi Lvevi Lv‡eb bv|
• kkv ‡L‡Z cv‡ib, kkv GB FZzi
Rb¨ fv‡jv; G‡Z i‡q‡Q dmdivm Ges
Avqi‡Yi wewfbœ Dcv`vb|
• dzUv‡bv cvwb Lv‡eb| Lvevi-`vevi me
mg‡q †X‡K ivL‡eb Ges evwm Lvevi
Lv‡eb bv|
GB FZzi me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v n‡jv
dvsMvj Bb‡dK&kb| evZv‡m Rjxq
ev‡®ži cwigvb †e‡o hvIqv‡Z bvbv
ai‡bi dvsMvj Bb‡dKkb nIqvi SzuwK
_v‡K| hvi `iƒY bvbv ai‡bi ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v
†`Lv †`q| Avi ZvQvov e„wói cvwb R‡g
†hLv‡b †mLv‡b gkvi esk e„w× n‡Z cv‡i,
hv †_‡K g¨v‡jwiqv, †W½y mn Ab¨vb¨
†ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| GwU g~jZ Qovq
†fRv Rvgv-Kvco Ges Ry‡Zv †_‡K|
Avgv‡`i kix‡ii me‡_‡K SzuwKc~Y© ¯’vb
n‡jv evûg~j, KzPuwK Ges cv‡qi Av½y‡ji
ga¨eZ©x ¯’vb| el©vKv‡jB Avgv‡`i Z¡‡K
i¨vk Ges wcM‡g‡›Ukb nIqvi SuywK
me‡P‡q †ekx _v‡K| GB FZz‡ZB ˆZjv³,
cÖvYnxb, wbR©xe Ges Amy¯’ ˆewk‡ó¨i Z¡K
Lye †ekx †`Lv hvq| ZvB el©vKv‡ji GB
Awfmsi¤¢Zv †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi Rb¨ Z¡K
PP©v I cwi®‹vi-cwiŽQbœZv, †Kk web¨vk I
cwiPh©v, †cvkvK-cwiŽQ` Ges Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi
DbœZ I h_vh_ wbqg cÖ‡qvRb |
mn‡hvwMZvq t kvigxb AvK&Zvi
d¨vKvwë ‡ggevi t cvi‡mvbv Bbw÷wUDU
Ad weDwU GÛ jvBd ÷vBj
‰PÎ msL¨v
my‡Li wVKvbv
†gv: AvkwdK ingvb
GK wQj ivRcyÎ Zvi bvg Awg Ges
Ab¨ iv‡R¨ GK wQj ivR Kb¨v hvi bvg
KYK| Zv‡`i GKw`b ‡`Lv nj ZLb
†_‡KB `yRb `yRb‡K Lye cQ›` K‡i|
Zvici ivRcyÎ GK w`b ivRKb¨v‡K
we‡qi cÖ¯ve w`j| cÖ¯ve ï‡b ivRKb¨vi
evev Lywk n‡q we‡q‡Z ivwR n‡jb|
ivRKb¨vi we‡qi Lei ivRgn‡j Qwo‡q
co‡j ivR¨ Lywk‡Z f‡i †Mj| ivRcyÎ I
ivRKb¨vi we‡q m¤žbœ nj| Zuviv my‡L
kvwš‡Z emevm Ki‡Z jvMj| mviv iv‡R¨
ivRv ej‡Z cvMj| ivRv wQj eyw×gvb I
fvj gvbyl| ZvB iv‡R¨i gvbyl ivRv‡K
fv‡jvevm‡Zb Ges m¤§vb Ki‡Zb|
`yB eQi ci Zuv‡`i GKwU ‡Q‡j mšvb
nj| ivRv I ivYx †Q‡j‡K Lye Av`i I
†mœn Ki‡Zb| †Q‡ji bvg ivLv nj bqb|
me cÖRviv bqb‡K Lye Av`i Ki‡Zb|
ivRcyÎ bqb†K 5 eQi eq‡m ¯‹z‡j fwZ©
Kiv n‡jv| ivRcyÎ cov‡jLvq Lye fvj
Ki‡Z _v‡K| cÖ_g ‡kªYxi me¸‡jv
cix¶vq cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i| ivRcyÎ
Zvi K…wZZ¡ †`wL‡q wØZxq †kªYx‡Z D‡V|
‡`‡k Afve †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| ¯‹z‡j hvevi
c‡_ Abvnvixiv AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ivYx ivRcy·K evB‡i †h‡Z †`qbv| bqb
†QvU gvbyl †m wKQz ey‡S D‡V bv | bqb
eyw×gvb ZvB Rvb‡Z cvi‡jv †h G mgq
‡MvUv ivR¨ Ges ivRgn‡j Lye wec`|
e„wó bv nevi Kvi‡Y K…lKiv avbmn †Kvb
dmj djv‡Z cv‡i bv|†`‡k `ywf©¶ †j‡M
hvq hvq fve| A‡bK w`b ci cÖPzi e„wó
nj|mviv ivR¨ Lykx‡Z f‡i †Mj|cÖRviv
Avb‡›` Pvlvev` Ki‡Z _vK‡jv|
‡`L‡Z †`L‡Z ivRcyÎ 25 eQ‡i cv
†`q| wZwb GLb hyeK|ivRv ZLb cÖvq
e„×| ivRv fve‡jb †Q‡jwU‡K iv†R¨i
fvi bqb‡K w`‡q w`‡eb|wKš‘ ivRcyΆZv
iv‡R¨i wKQzB wP‡bbv|ZvB A‡bK cÖRv
bqb‡K ivR¨ Nywo‡q †`Lvi Rb¨ AvMÖn
cÖKvk Ki‡jv| bqb Av‡MB e‡j‡Q †h
ch©šZ ivR¨ †Pbv-Rvbv n‡e bv ZZw`b
wZwb `vwqZ¡ wb‡eb bv| cÖRviv ivRv‡K
e‡j , Zviv ivRcy·K Zv‡`i †Q‡ji
- 35
†P‡qI †ewk fv‡jvev‡m| ivRcy‡Îi
†Kvbiƒc Amyweav n‡ebv †f‡e ivRv
AbygwZ †`b| bqb wPš—v K‡i Avi fv‡e
G my‡hvM nvZQvov Ki‡ebv |Gevi Zvi
ïi€ nj mviv iv‡R¨ Ny‡o †`Lvi cvjv|
ivRcyÎ †Nvovq mIqvi n‡jb| mdim½x
n‡jv A‡b‡KB| ivR¨ Ny‡o †`Lv wK
GZ mnR- w`b, mßvn I gvm †kl n‡q
†Mj| `yBgvm †j‡M hvq Zv‡`i| ivRv
ivYx wPšvq Aw¯’i| Zuviv Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb
bqb I Zuvi m½xiv Lye Avb‡›`B Zv‡`i
KZ©e¨ cvjb Ki‡Q| wbR ivR¨ †`L‡Z
†`L‡Z KLb †h Zviv Ab¨ iv‡R¨ Xz‡K‡Q
Zv eyS‡ZB cv‡iwb| mxgvšZ cÖnixiv
Zv‡`i a‡i †d‡j| ivR `iev‡i Zv‡`i
nvwRi Kiv nj| ivRcy‡Îi †Pnviv †`‡LB
ivRv Zuvi eÜz Awgi K_v g‡b co‡jv|
AvšZR©vwZK †dviv‡g G‡K Ac‡ii
mwnZ Lye fve R‡b¥wQj| mvRv w`‡e wK
ivRv-bqb‡K e‡j evevÕ Zzwg wK Rb¨
G‡mQ? †Zvgvi evevi bvg Kx? bqb cÖvY
wd‡i †cj| †m Zvi cwiPq w`j Ges
‰PÎ msL¨v
Kxfv‡e I †Kb GLv‡b G‡m c‡o‡Q Zv
†R‡b ivRv Lywk n‡jb| Zv‡`i mKj‡K
e›`x bv K‡i cÖvmv‡` Lvevi e¨e¯’v Kiv
nj|
ivRKb¨v P›`ªveZx evevi wePvi †`L‡Z
G‡mwQj| e›`x‡`i mvRv I KvivMv‡i
cvVv‡bvi e`‡j G‡Zv RvgvB Av`i
†`L‡Q| ivYx gvi Kv‡Q P›`ªveZx P‡j
†Mj| ivRcyÎ bqb †`‡k wd‡i hvevi
AbygwZ PvIqvi Av‡MB ivRKb¨vi †Pv‡L
†PvL c‡o hvq| GK bRi †`‡LB Aš‡i
fv‡jvevmv †R‡M hvq| ivRKb¨vI gb
‡_‡K ivRcy·K fzj‡Z cvi‡Qbv| wKš‘
K_v wKfv‡e n‡e---| `yRbv `yR‡bi
g‡bi fvebv GK n‡q †M‡Q| mdi m½xiv
†Nvov wb‡q wbR †`‡k wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨
cÖ¯‘Z|bqb †Nvovi Kv‡Q †Mj wKš‘ ‡Nvov
DV‡Z Pvqbv| Ah_v wej¤^ n‡ŽQ| ivRv
ej‡jb evev AvR bv nq †_‡K hvI|
ivRKzgvix ¯^qs Lvevi cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z
_v‡K| nVvr ‡Uwej †_‡K †Mjvm c‡o hvq
bq‡bi cv‡q| cv †K‡U hvq| ivRKzgvix
i³ _vgv‡Z wb‡Ri iygvj w`‡q euv‡a Avi
AkÖycvZ K‡i| cvwb I i³ wg‡k `yR‡bi
g‡a¨ fv‡ei †mZz m„wó nj| Kzgvixi
Kvi‡Y bq‡bi cv †K‡U hvIqvq wb‡R‡K
Acivax fv‡e| Kzgvi wb‡R‡K fvM¨evb
g‡b K‡i| Kzgvi Zv‡K Rxeb mw½bx
Kivi cÖ¯—ve †`q| G K_v P›`ªveZxi
gv evevi Kv‡b hvq| Zuviv Lywk n‡jb|
bqb e‡j kZ© nj GKwU Avgvi evev-gv
cQ›` Ki‡jB we‡qi ZvwiL Kiv hv‡e|
AvMvwgKvjB iIbv w`e| evwo wd‡i G‡m
gv-evevi Kv‡Q me K_v ej‡j Zuviv GK
K_vB ivwR| †Q‡ji cQ›` n‡jB Zuv‡`i
cQ›` †h‡nZz mvivRxeb ZvivB msmvi
Ki‡e|
P›`ªveZxi evev gvi Kv‡Q †jvK cvVv‡bv
nj| ZvwiL avh© Kiv nj| gnvaygav‡g
we‡q n‡q †Mj| kZkZ gvby‡li Lvbvwcbv
nj| Gevi be `¤žwËi nvwbgy‡bi e¨e¯’v
nj|ivRv nvwbgyb †k‡l iv‡R¨i `vwqZ¡
bqb‡K eywS‡q †`evi wm×vš wb‡jb|
bqb-P›`ªveZx nvwbgyb K‡i wd‡i Avmvi
mgq cw_g‡a¨ GKRb †Q‡j‡K Kuv`‡Z
†`L‡jb| Kx n‡q‡Q †Zvgvi? Zzwg Kuv`Q
‡Kb? Avwg LyeB ¶zavZ©| MZ `yBw`b a‡i
cvwb Qvov wKQyB LvB bvB| Ggb K‡i
nvU‡Qv †Kb? †Zvgvi †Pv‡L Kx n‡q‡Q?
Avwg Icv‡i hve wKš‘ †LqvgvwS cqmv
Qvov wb‡ebv| Icv‡i †Kb hv‡e? KviI
Kv‡Q †P‡q Lve| †Zvgvi gvevev †bB?
evev Av‡Q wKš‘ †m `vIqvq avb KvU‡Z
eû`~‡i †M‡Q| Avgvi eqm hLb `yB eQi
ZLb Avgvi gv gviv †M‡Q| Avgvi bvg
igv evevi bvg gjq| mr gv Av‡Q †m
‡L‡Z †`qbv| Pvi eQi eq‡m AvgMvQ
†_‡K c‡o GK cv †f‡½ †M‡Q I GK
†PvL Kvbv n‡q ‡M‡Q| G K_v¸‡jv ï‡b
bqb I P›`ªveZxi gvqv nj| GB 8 eQ‡ii
†Q‡j wK my›`i †Pnviv A_P cÖwZeÜx n‡q
c‡o‡Q| Zviv ej‡jb †mwK Zv‡`i mv‡_
hv‡e- GB K_v ï‡b †Q‡jwU ivwR n‡q
hvq| | P›`ªveZx Zvi Kv‡Q _vKv wKQz
Lvevi w`‡jb | †Q‡jwU Zv †L‡q Mv‡q
kw³ †cj|Zv‡`i mv‡_ _vKv GKRb‡K
evRv‡i cvVv‡jb| kvU©-c¨v›U wKbvi c‡i
†jvKwU P‡j Av‡m| b`x‡Z igv‡K mœvb
Kiv‡bv nj|
mœvb †k‡l igv‡K Zuviv evwo wb‡q
G‡jb| †jLvcov ‡kLv‡bvi Rb¨ ¯‹z‡j
w`‡jb| ivRv Awg Amy¯’ Ae¯’vq gviv
†M‡j bqb wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| ivRv n‡qB
bqb cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ nv‡Z Kj‡g KvR
Kivi Rb¨ GKwU KvwiMwi cÖwZôvb ˆZwi
K‡ib| igv †mLv‡b †gvg evbv‡bvi KvR
wkL‡Z _v‡K| `yB eQi c‡i cÖwZeÜx
igv ivRv‡K e‡jb Avwg wb‡RB GKwU
†gv‡gi KviLvbv Pvjv‡Z PvB| ivRv Lywk
n‡jb | igv AviI 10 Rb‡K †gv‡gi
Kv‡R jvwM‡q †`q| Zviv wewfbœ †`vKv‡b
†gvg‡ePvi Rb¨ mieivn K‡i| cÖwZeÜx
n‡qI wb‡R ¯^vej¤^x n‡q hvq| †m msmvi
Movi ¯^cœ †`‡L| mvsmvwiK †g‡q Kwj‡K
we‡q K‡i| KwjI ¯^vgxi Kv‡R mgq †c‡j
mvnvh¨ K‡i| Zv‡`i †Kvj Ry‡o Av‡m
my›`i dzUdz‡U GK †Q‡j| †Q‡ji bvg
iv‡L cÖ`xc| KviLvbv †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi
mg‡q nVvr igvi mwnZ Zvi evevi †`Lv
nj| †Q‡j‡K †`‡L evev nvDgvD K‡i
†Ku‡` †d‡j| evev‡K Kuv`‡Z bv Ki‡jv
igv| Avwg KviLvbvi gvwjK n‡qwQ| gv
†Kgb Av‡Q wRÁvmvq Rvb‡Z cv‡i †m
Lye Amy¯’| igv evev‡K e‡j Pj gv‡K
wb‡q Avwm| AvR †_‡K †Zvgiv Avgvi
Kv‡Q _vK‡e| †Zvgiv gv evev `yR‡b
cÖ`xc †Zvgv‡`i `v`y fvB‡K wb‡q †Ljv
K‡i mgq KvUv‡Z cvi‡e|gjq wd‡i
cvIqv †Q‡j‡KB †cjbv eis cY© msmvi
I my‡Li wVKvbv †cj|
- 36
‰PÎ msL¨v
Gm.Gd.wW ivbœv ˆkjx
‡d«k U‡gv‡U wcR&Rv
wcR&Rv †eBR 1/2 †iwmwc
Awjf I‡qj 1/4 Kvc
wcR&Rv mm 1/4 Kvc
U‡g‡Uv, gvSvwi 8wU
imyb, eo †Kvl 4wU
Iwi‡M‡bv 2 Pv PvgP
jeY ¯^v` Abyhvqx
1| wcR&Rv †eB‡Ri Lvwgi w`‡q cvZjv i€wU †e‡j nvjKv †Zj gvLv‡bv †ewKs †Uª ev
wcR&Rv w¯Œ‡bi Dci ivL|
2| i€wUi Dci Pviw`‡K mgvbfv‡e †Zj wQwU‡q `vI| wcR&Rv mm gvLvI|
3| U‡g‡Uv (cvKv mim Ges ZvRv U‡g‡Uv †e‡Q wKb‡e) ay‡q cvwb SivI| U‡g‡Uv
1/2 †mwg (1/4 BwÂ) †gvUv úvBmKi| imybI úvBm K‡i KvU|
4| i€wUi Pviw`‡K 1 †mwg (1/2 BwÂ) Lvwj †i‡L gv‡S U‡g‡Uv mgvb K‡i mvwR‡q
ivL| U‡g‡Uvi Dci Pviw`‡K imyb Qwo‡q ivL| Dc‡i jeY, Iwi‡M‡bv Ges me‡k‡l
†Zj wQwU‡q `vI|
5| Mig I‡f‡b 2100 †m: (4250 dv:) Zv‡c 10 wgwbU †eK Ki| j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e
i€wUi Lvwj Ask ev`vwg i‡Oi n‡jB bvwg‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
6| I‡fb †_‡K bvwg‡q wcR&Rvi Dc‡i K‡qKwU †ewmjcvZv wewQ‡q ivL| cyw`bv,
a‡b, †cuqvR ev imy‡bi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU meyR i‡Oi cvZv w`‡j †`L‡Z my›`i Ges
†L‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M| †d«k U‡g‡Uv wcR&Rv‡Z U‡g‡Uv mvRvevi Av‡M i€wUi Dci wKQy
cwbi KzwP wQwU‡q w`‡Z cvi|
- 37
‰PÎ msL¨v
†fwR‡Uej wcR&Rv
wcR&Rv †eBR
wcR&Rv mm
gRv‡ij wPR, úvBm
K¨vcwmKvg, dvwj
†cuqvR, KzwP
euvavKwc, Szwi
MvRi, Szwi
gUikuywU, wm×
†eªvKwj, UzKiv
†mjvwi, KzwP
cvm©wj, KzwP
U‡g‡Uv, úvBm
Iwi‡M‡bv
†MvjgwiP
fvRv ïKbvgwiP, Muyov
1 †iwmwc
1/2 Kvc
1/2 Kvc
8 UzKiv
1/4 Kvc
1/4 Kvc
2†Uwej PvgP
1/4 Kvc
1/3 Kvc
1 †Uwej PvgP
1 Pv PvgP
1wU
1 Pv PvgP
1/4 Pv PvgP
1. I‡f‡b 2000 †m: (4000 dv:) Zvc `vI|
2. †iwmwc Abyhvqx GK N›Uv c‡i wcR&Rvi Lvwgi dz‡j DV‡j GKevi
g‡_ `yÕfvM Ki| cÖ‡Z¨KfvM Lvwgi w`‡q eo i“wU †ej|
3. i“wUi Dc‡i wcR&Rv mm gvLvI| mgvb K‡i wKQy cwbi wQwU‡q `vI|
cwb‡ii Dc‡i K¨vcwmKvg, †cuqvR, euvavKwc, MvRi, †eªvKwj, gUiïuwU
Qwo‡q `vI| mewRi Dc‡i Iwi‡M‡bv, †MvjgwiP, ïK‡bvgwiP I jeY
wQwU‡q `vI| gv‡S Ges wZbw`‡K U‡g‡Uvi úvBm emvI| wcR&Rvi Dc‡i
1 †Uwej PvgP mqvweb †Zj ev Awjf A‡qj wQwU‡q `vI| evwK cwbi
wQwU‡q `vI|
4. Mig I‡f‡b 12-15 wgwbU A_ev wcR&Rv bv nIqv ch©š †eK Ki|
wcR&Rv bvwg‡q wKQy Iwi‡M‡bv, fvRv gwi‡Pi ¸uov wcR&Rvi Dci wQwU‡q
`vI| Mig cwi‡ekb Ki|
- 38
‰PÎ msL¨v
wgU wcR&Rv
Lvwgi ˆZwii Rb¨ t
C÷
wPwb
gq`v
¸uov `ya
†Zj
wWg
cvwb
jeY
Uwcs ˆZwii Rb¨ t
gvs‡mi wKgv
†cuqvR, KzwP
Av`v, evUv
imyb, evUv
KuvPvgwiP
†Zj
Mig gmjv ¸uov
U‡g‡Uv mm
Iwi‡M‡bv
†ewmj
gq`v
cwbi (†gvRv‡ijv)
K¨vcwmKvg, úvBm
Awjf A‡qj
†Mvj gwiP ¸uov
1 Pv PvgP
1 Pv PvgP
1 Kvc
1 †Uwej PvgP
2 †Uwej PvgP
1wU
cwigvY g‡Zv
¯^v` Abyhvqx
1 Kvc
2 †Uwej PvgP
1/2 Pv PvgP
1/2 Pv PvgP
1wU
1 †Uwej PvgP
1/4 Pv PvgP
1/3 Kvc
1/2 Pv PvgP
1/2 Pv Pvg
2 Pv PvgP
1/2 Kvc
1/2 †Uwej PvgP
cwigvY g‡Zv
1. jeY ev‡` Lvwg‡ii me DcKiY wgw·s †ev‡j wb‡q 10-12
wgwbU g_| C‡÷i KvR Avi¤¢ n‡j Aí Aí †Zj w`‡q g_|
†X‡K 1 N›Uv ivL|
2. KovB‡q gvsm Av`v, imyb, †Zj, jeY I 2 †Uwej PvgP
cvwb wgwk‡q Pzjvq w`‡q bvo| †X‡K gvSvwi Avu‡P wm× Ki|
cvwb ïuwK‡q wKgv wm× n‡j Mig gmjv, †Mvj gwiP, KuvPvgwiP,
Iwi‡M‡bv, †ewmj w`‡q 30 †m‡KÛ fvR| U‡g‡Uv mm wgkvI|
gq`v wQwU‡q `vI| wKQy¶Y †b‡o‡P‡o bvgvI| VvÛv Ki|
3. wcR&Rvi Lvwgi †gvUv i€wUi g‡Zv †ej| wcR&Rv †Uª mvgvb¨
wMÖR K‡i i€wU ewm‡q nvZ w`‡q †P‡c †Uªi mgvb Ki| KvuUv PvgP
ev Qywi w`‡q gv‡S Ges Pviw`‡K wQ`ª Ki|
4. i€wUi PviwKbv‡i 2 †mwg PIov K‡i †dUv‡bv wW‡gi cÖ‡jc
`vI|
5. wW‡gi Ask ev` w`‡q gv‡S wKgv mgvb K‡i ivL| †gvRv‡ijv
wPR úvBm K‡i wKgvi gv‡S Ges Pviw`‡K emvI| U‡g‡Uv I
K¨vcwmKvg úvBm w`‡q mvRvI| wKQy Iwi‡M‡bv, †ewmj wQwU‡q
`vI| me‡k‡l Awjf I‡qj wQwU‡q `vI|
6. Mig I‡f‡b 2500 †m: Zv‡c 15-20 wgwbU †eK Ki| fvRv
ïKbvgwi‡Pi ¸uov w`‡q mv‡_ mv‡_ cwi‡ekb Ki|
- 39
‰PÎ msL¨v
MÖš’ mgv‡jvPbv
w`j Avd‡ivR
evOvwji MYZvwšK wPšvaviv; m¤žv`K:
Abycmvw`| cÖKvkK: BZ¨vw` cÖKvk, 38/3
evsjvevRvi, XvKv 2010| c„ôv 488, gj¨ :
cuvPk cÂvk UvKv|
eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i RvwZ nvRv‡iv mgm¨vq
RR©wiZ| cÖMwZkxj †Kv‡bv kw³i weKvk
n‡ŽQ bv| ivR‰bwZK w`K w`‡q RvwZ
AwZevwnZ Ki‡Q GK AÜKvivŽQbœ mgq|
MYZvwšK ivó«e¨e¯’vq _vKvi cwiPq wKsev
MYM‡ši †Kv‡bv Abykxjb Rxe‡b †bB|
RbM‡Yi cÖvZ¨vwnK Rxe‡b I MYZvwšK
AvPiY I Mfxi wPšv-fvebv KgB Av‡Q| my¯’
MYZvwšK wPšvaviv hLb wejyß n‡Z P‡j‡Q
ZLb evOvwji MYZvwšK wPšvaviv kxl©K
GB m¤žvw`Z MÖš’wUi cÖKvk GK ¸i€Z¡cY©
NUbv| evsjv‡`‡ki MYZš c‡_ hvÎvi Rb¨
¸i€Z¡cY© bZzb wPšvi D‡š§‡l GB MÖš’ mnvqK
n‡e e‡j g‡b nq|
G K_v mZ¨ †h, MYZš wel‡q evOvwji
wPšv-†PZbv wKQyUv G‡Mv‡jI Abykxjb
†gv‡UB G‡Mvqwb| Abykxjb bv nIqvi d‡j
evsjv‡`‡k MYZš ev¯eZvi ¯žk© cvqwb
ïaygvÎ A‡hŠw³K Aev¯e Av‡eM iƒ‡cB
†_‡K †M‡Q| MYZ‡ši wbe©vPb me©¯^ aviY,
ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi DŽQ„Lj AvPiY,
mvgwiK kvmb, Ri€ix Ae¯’v I `ybx©wZ Avi
we‡`wk kw³‡K Avf¨šixY e¨vcv‡i †W‡K
Avbv BZ¨vw`i d‡j evsjv‡`‡k MYZš e¨nZ
nq| MYZš‡K ivó«e¨e¯’vq I mgvRRxe‡b
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ‡qvRb Abykxj‡bi|
Abykxjb nj hyMcr wPšv I KvR| AbykxjbB
MYZš‡K mdj K‡i| GiB g‡a¨ †KD †KD
RvZxq cÎ-cwÎKvq gZ cÖKvk K‡i ev MÖš’
wj‡L MYZš m¤ž‡K© wPšv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|
wPšvi ˆewkó¨ we‡ePbv K‡i ejv hvq, †KD
†KD ïay wPšvi Rb¨ wPšv K‡i‡Qb, †KD
†KD wb‡Ri wPšv Øviv cvV‡Ki †fZ‡ii
mËv‡K mg„× Kievi †Póv K‡i‡Qb, Avi Lye
Kg msL¨K †jLK wPšv‡K K‡g© iƒc †`evi
Rb¨ wPšv K‡i‡Qb| GB wZbavivi wPšv Qvov
evsjv‡`k I cwðg evsjvi ZzjbvgjKfv‡e
†h¸‡jv fvj †jLv †m¸‡jvB GB MÖ‡š’
m¤žv`K †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡k MYZš
cÖeZ©‡b Gme wPšvi KZUv `iKvi †mUvB
Avgvi we‡eP¨|
evOvwji MYZvwšK wPšvaviv MÖš’wU †ZwÎkwU
cÖe‡Üi msKjb| Gi g‡a¨ GKwU cÖeÜ
ÔevOvwji AMYZvwšKZvÕ m¤žv`‡Ki wb‡Ri
†jLv| cÖeÜwU `xN©| G‡Z wZwb evOvwji
AMYZvwšK gvbmcÖeYZv Z_v MYZ‡ši
mxgve×Zvi †fZi w`‡q m¤¢vebvi mÎ
mÜv‡bi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| mvw`i Drm‡M©i
bgybvwU wfbœagx©| GB wfbœagx©Zvi ga¨ w`‡q
evOvwji MYZvwšK AvMÖ‡ni ¯^iƒc I m¤¢vebv
iƒcKvwkÖZ n‡q Av‡Q| evOvwji I evsjvi
cÖvY I Rxe‡b †h b`x¸‡jv Zv‡`i MwZc‡_i
g‡Zv †nvK MYZ‡ši MwZ GB Av‡eM
MYZšbv gvby‡li Rb¨ Av‡e‡Mi Aej¤^b
†nvK|
evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv cvðvZ¨c` †`‡k
MYZvwšKPP©v my¯’ I ¯^vfvweK MwZ‡Z G‡Mv‡ŽQ
bv| MYZvwšK wPšviI i‡q‡Q bvbvgywLZv|
wewfbœZv gjZ `„wófw½i| †`kfv‡Mi ci
cvwK¯vwb kvmbvg‡j GKwU wbw`©ó f‚-LÛ‡K
wN‡i MYZvwšK wPšvi D‡š§l I 1971Gi gyw³hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q Zvi cwimgvwß
N‡U| MZ cÖvq Pvi `kK a‡i evsjv‡`‡k
MYZvwšK ms¯‹…wZ m„wó nqwb Ges evsjv‡`k
- 40
KL‡bv cÖZ¨¶fv‡e KL‡bv c‡iv¶fv‡e
mvgwiK kvm‡b †_‡K‡Q| GgZve¯’vq
evOvwji MYZvwšK wPšvavivi cwiPq Zz‡j
aivi Rb¨ MÖš’ m¤žv`‡bi g‡Zv `iƒn KvR
m¤žv`K nv‡Z wb‡q‡Qb hv Zuvi RvZxq
`vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai cwiPq| GB MÖ‡š’ ey‡R©vqv
MYZš I me©nvivi MYZš wb‡q GK‡c‡k
†jLvi cvkvcvwk ga¨cš’x †jLv¸‡jvI h_v_©
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MYZ‡ši cÖvwZôvwb Ki‡Yi
mgm¨v I mgvavb wel‡q GB msKjbMÖ‡š’i
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖeÜ we‡kl D‡j-L‡hvM¨|
wKš‘ Zvic‡iI g‡b nq ev¯eZv wfwËK
wZb avivi (AvIqvgx, weGbwc, RvZxqcvwU©)
ivRbxwZi gj¨vqbwfwËK ‡jLv †hvM Ki‡j
fv‡jv nZ| Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q, MÖš’wU‡Z
gI`y` Avng` I Av‡iv `y-GKR‡bi †jLv
†hvM Ki‡j fv‡jv nZ|
cðvrc` †`‡k kÖgRxex‡`i MYZ‡ši mgm¨v
Ges ey‡R©vqv‡`i MYZ‡ši mgm¨v GKiKg
bq| †Kb bq Zvi e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb e`i€wÏb
Dgi Zuvi cÖe‡Ü| wKš‘ wZwb gvK©mxq `k©‡bi
†KZvwe K_vi g‡a¨B mgvav‡bi c_ †Luv‡Rb
hv evsjv‡`‡ki †ejvq ev¯em¤§Z nq bv
e‡j Kvh©‡¶‡Î mydj e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i bv|
hZxb miKvi Zuvi cÖe‡Ü mwZ¨Kvi ey‡R©vqv
MYZš cÖwZôvi Dcvq wb‡`©k Ki‡Z wM‡q
eyw×Rxex‡`i wcQyUv‡bi cÖm½wU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb
hv ¸i€Z¡cY© Ges mgv‡Ri me‡P‡q eo ¶Z|
†h eyw×Rxex‡`i wb‡q wZwb fv‡eb Zuviv
Aek¨B kvmK †kÖYxi eyw×Rxex| evsjv‡`‡ki
†ejvq kvmK †kÖYxi eyw×Rxex‡`i
wPšv RbM‡Yi MYZ‡ši cwicš’x| GB
eyw×Rxex‡`i cÖavb AskB gvwK©b hy³ivó« I
BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi †meK iƒ‡c wek¦¯ I
Kg©Zrci| Zuv‡`i f‚wgKv evsjv‡`‡k ey‡R©vqv
‰PÎ msL¨v
MYZš cÖwZôviI AbyK‚j bq|
ivRbxwZ Qvov †Kvb RvwZ Av_©-mvgvwRKmvs¯‹…wZK DbœwZ AR©‡b m¶g nq bv|
ivRbxwZi my¯’ cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc ZLbB `vbv
†eu‡a DV‡e hLb ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg, ¯^vRZ¨‡eva I me©Rbxb
Kj¨vb‡eva `„piƒc jvf Ki‡e| e¨w³Rxeb
†_‡K ivó«xq Rxeb ch©š MYZvwšK ms¯‹…
wZ M‡o DV‡j MYZ‡ši cÖvwZôvwbKiYI
m¤¢e n‡e| RbRxeb Aek¨B ivRbxwZcÖfvweZ| evOvwji MYZš me‡P‡q †ewk
†nuvPU Lvq Zvi ivR‰bwZK `ye©jZv‡K †K›`ª
K‡i| ivRbxwZi `ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y eûeQi
evOvwj civaxb †_‡K‡Q| wKš‘ RbM‡Yi
g‡a¨ MYZvwšK AvMÖn memgq wQj| d‡j
mn‡RB Zv‡`i‡K MYZ‡ši bv‡g Av‡eMvc-yZ
Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| Av‡eM‡K A‡bK †bZv
Kv‡R jvwM‡q evOvwji RvZxq Rxe‡b A‡bK
gnr AR©b m¤¢e K‡i‡Qb| ïay MYZ‡ši
Abykxj‡bB NvUwZ †_‡K †M‡Q| GwU gjZ
†bZv‡`iB e¨_©Zv| RbMY‡KI `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z
n‡e| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k mvgªvR¨ev`wbf©i AvwacZ¨ev`x‡`i ivó«xq e¨vcv‡i
AwaK mn‡hvwMZvgjK AvMÖn †`Lv‡bv Ges
ivRbxwZ‡K ïayB ¶gZv jv‡fi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq
ch©ewmZ Kiv MYZ‡ši GKgvÎ j¶ e‡j
cÖPvi Kiv n‡ŽQ| †fvUme©¯^ MYZš w`‡q
MYZvwšK ms¯‹…wZ ev MYZšvqb KL‡bvB m¤¢e
bq| †fvUvfzwU MYZ‡ši Dcv`vb I Dcvq
mg‡ni GKwU gvÎ| Ab¨ Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K
Ae‡njv Kivi d‡j meB e¨_© nq|
msm`xq MYZ‡ši ms¯‹…wZ m„wói ga¨ w`‡q
msm`xq MYZš cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡i|
MYRvMiY Avi ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i mw`ŽQv
msm`xq ms¯‹…wZ m„wói eo Dcvq| GB
mw`ŽQvi eo Afve evsjv‡`‡k| evsjv‡`‡k
MYZ‡ši cÖvwZôvwbKi‡Y msm`xq MYZ‡ši
†bwZevPK cÖfveB †ewk| ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…
wZ I cÖkvb ms¯‹…wZ m„wói e¨_©Zv H msm`‡K
wN‡iB AvewZ©Z n‡ŽQ| Z‡e msm‡`i †cQ‡b
Av‡Q ivR‰bwZK `j †h ¸‡jv‡K MYZ‡ši
K_v ejv n‡jI MYZ‡ši Abykxjb †bB|
evsjv‡`‡k MYZ‡ši †PZbv iƒc w`‡Z m¶g
nq bv, KviY K…wlcÖavb evsjv‡`‡k K…lKiv
MYZvwšK msMÖv‡gi mv‡_ GKxf‚Z n‡Z
cv‡i bv| ivRbxwZ kni‡Kw›`ªK gvby‡li
g‡a¨B mxgve×| K…lK‡`i wPšv-†PZbv LyeB
cðvreZ©x| ivR‰bwZK msMVb¸‡jv †fv‡Ui
I fv‡Zi AwaKvi Av`v‡qi bv‡g Zv‡`i‡K
e¨envi K‡i gvÎ| myweav Av`vq K‡i †bq
ga¨weË †kÖYx| MYZ‡ši cÖwZôvwbKi‡Yi
Av‡iKwU eo evav nj ivR‰bwZKfv‡e
gšxcwil` †h bxwZ wba©viY K‡i _v‡K,
cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©viv Zvi ev¯evq‡bi
`vwqZ¡ wb‡q †kÖd wbw®Œq _v‡K| ivR‰bwZK
Kg©KZ©v‡`i mv‡_ cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v‡`i
m¤žK©I mylg bq| AwaKvsk †¶‡Î †`Lv
hvq Df‡q wg‡j `ybx©wZ‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q|
d‡j mgvRRxeb mšvmKewjZ n‡q co‡Q|
RbRxe‡b DrKÚv DwØMœZv †e‡oB P‡j‡Q|
Avng` kixd, GgvRDwÏb Avng`, gvneye
ingvb, gyn¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, Kexi †PŠayix
Gu‡`i wPšvq `„wófw½i cv_©K¨ _vK‡jI
†jLvq Gme welqB cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| Ave`yj
n‡Ki Ô†bZ…Z¡ I MY‡PZbvÕ cÖeÜwU eZ©gvb
cÖm‡½ †ewk cÖvmw½K g‡b nq| hw`I GUv
†jLv n‡q‡Q Ebmˇii MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi wVK
c‡i-ZLbKvi ev¯eZvq| wmivRyj Bmjvg
†PŠayixi `ywU cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨ cÖ_gwU‡Z wZb
`k‡Ki MYZ‡ši iƒc I cÖK…wZ Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q mim fvlvq Avi AciwU‡Z i‡q‡Q
ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbv| Avng` Qdvi Ôevsjv‡`‡k
MYZvwšK †kvfvhvÎvÕ cÖe‡Ü evsjv‡`‡ki
MYZ‡ši cÖvwZôvwbKi‡Yi mxgve×Zvi
welq¸‡jv Zz‡j aivi cvkvcvwk evsjv‡`‡ki
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- 41
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- 42
nq| ÔwK Avi Kie-Mix‡ei †Q‡j‡Zv|
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- 43
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- 44
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i‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB Flexibility Gi
me‡P‡q eo welq¸‡jv n‡ŽQ, wk¶vµg,
¯’vbxq wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ, Rjevqy, j¨vÛ
gvK©, Rxeb `¶Zv I Rxeb e¨vcx wk¶v
BZ¨vw`| †Kvb ai‡bi wk¶v †K›`ª n‡Z
cv‡i Avi weGbGdB Gi fwgKvB ev Kx
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Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wbiƒcY Kiv `iKvi|
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bv _vK‡jI Pj‡Z cv‡i | ¯^vej¤^x e¨w³,
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cÖ‡Z¨K Dc‡Rjv miKvwi Awdm Av‡Q
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mg_©b Kiv hvq bv| Cost of learner
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wk¶vq e¨eüZ n‡Zv| wKš‘ GB DcKiY
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m‡švlRbK bq Z‡e †Kb m‡švlRbK
- 45
bq Zvi KviY Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
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Follow-up
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mykxj mgvR‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|
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mgvavb nq bv| cÖwk¶Y w`‡q wk¶K‡`i
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cwigvY Abykxjb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q
Z‡e Zvi Flexibility _vKviI `iKvi
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effective delivery Kivi Rb¨ cÖwk¶Y
w`‡Z n‡e| wk¶K hw` fv‡jvfv‡e wk¶vi
welqe¯‘ iß Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvn‡j Zuvi
wk¶v_x©MY fvjfv‡e wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z
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Nwbô wk¶v KvwiKzjvg cÖYqb Ki‡Z
cvi‡jB Zv RbwcÖq n‡Z cv‡i| Rxeb I
RxweKvi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L DcvbyôvwbK
wk¶v †X‡j mvRv‡Z n‡e|
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Pvwn`vgZ mvRv‡Z n‡e| wk¶v‡K‡›`ªi
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Rb wk¶v_x© + 10 Rb Av‡M ev c‡ii
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Kiv nq Zv w`‡q fv‡jv cvV `vb Avkv
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wk¶K†K LÛKvjxb cov‡bvi `vwqZ¡
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‰PÎ msL¨v
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miKv‡ii wbe©vPbx A½xKvi 2014 mv‡ji
g‡a¨ †`k †_‡K kZfvM wbi¶iZv `i
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GbwcG-2 cÖf„wZ agreement hvPvB
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cwjwm 2010 mv‡j cvkK…Z wk¶vbxwZ
Abymv‡i KZUv m¤ž„³ Zv ch©v‡jvPbv
Kiv `iKvi| Aek¨ ¯^¯^ cÖwZôv‡bi
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n‡q _v‡KZvi c‡iI †m¸‡jv ev¯‡e
cÖ‡qvM Kivi wbwg‡Ë wewfbœ Dcv‡q
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mfvi gva¨‡g Kiv nq Ges cÖkvmwbK
gšbvj‡qi Aby‡gv`‡bi Zv ev¯evqb
n‡q _v‡K| AwfÁZv djcÖmy Kivi Rb¨
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KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| `¶Zv Kg©¯ž„nv RvMÖZ
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m¶g nq| Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK
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Avgiv Kv‡`i Rb¨ cÖKí †be Zv‡`i
K_v gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e Avi GRb¨ PvB
mwVK cwiKíbv| mwVK cwiKíbv Kivi
m‡½ PvB miKvwi Kg©KZ©v‡`i `¶Zvi
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GB cÖwZôv‡b GbGdB Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨
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ev 15 eQi Kxfv‡e GbGdB Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e Zvi cwiKíbv Kiv
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Kivi gZ mvg_©¨ I †hvM¨Zv Ges †mB
mv‡_ nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR Kivi `¶ZvB
n‡ŽQ Capacity building criteria
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I K‡Vvi mwnòzZv| G ai‡bi Rbej
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evsjv‡`‡k AvbyôvwbK-DcvbyôvwbK Dfq
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Kg©KZ©viv| hw`I evB‡ii KwZcq
welq we‡kl‡Ái mnvqZv †bqv nq|
RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯K †evW© Ges
DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v e¨y‡ivi AvIZvq wbR¯^
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Kg©KZ©vi Ae¯’vb Av‡Q| Zuv‡`i Øviv
GZ wekvj Kg©KvÛ m¤žv`b Kiv m¤¢e
bq| wbR¯^ Kg©KZ©v‡`i K‡jei e„w× I
c‡`vbœwZi e¨e¯’vmn cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v
Kiv `iKvi| ‡h mKj Kg©KZ©v †cÖl‡Y
G‡m `¶Zv AR©‡b m¶g Ges AvMÖnx
Zv‡`i e`wj bv Kiv ev c‡`vbœwZ n‡jI
mgc‡` wdwi‡q Avbv|
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¯’vb,wk¶v_©x msL¨v, KvwiKzjvg Ges j¶¨
AR©‡bi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi mv‡_ Avjvc
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GKgZ n‡q KvR
Ki‡Z n‡e| wekvj wbi¶i Rb‡Mvôxi
Pvwn`v Abymv‡i cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cvi‡j
Kv‡Ri j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ mdj n‡e|
†hmKj we‡klÁ Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Nwbô
wk¶vµg cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zuv‡`i
AwfÁZvB e‡j w`‡e GbGdB wKfv‡e
m¤žbœ n‡e| cÖm½µ‡g ejv hvq miKvi
100% mv¶iZv AR©b Kivi †h A½xKvi
K‡i‡Qb Zv ci‡Yi Rb¨ Flexibility
Aek¨ `iKvi| mv¶iZv Ggb GK
wRwbm hv a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z
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Ki‡Z n‡e| GKRb K…lK Zvi Rxe‡bi
AwfÁZvq K…wl msKªvš wewfbœw`K
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cÖ‡qvMI Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb dmj KLb
†ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e KLb cvwb w`‡Z n‡e
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Rxevby webó Kivi Rb¨ Pesticide
Medicine cÖ‡qvM Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e
Zv Rv‡b bv ZvB Zv‡`i‡K nv‡Z Kj‡g
wk¶v w`‡Z n‡e| mv¶iZv AR©‡bi
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D`vniY MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ¯‹zj,
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mv¶i Kv‡R jvMv‡bv n‡qwQj ZvB Zuviv
mdj n‡qwQj| GKRb wk¶v_x© mßv‡n
3/4 w`b wk¶v †K‡›`ª Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z
cv‡i| mv¶iZv `„pKiY Kivi Rb¨
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Rb¨ wk¶v, wgwjwbqvg †W‡fjc‡g›U
- 46
†Mvj, GbwcG-2, GbGdB cwjwm,
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Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖKí cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ hZ
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Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖK‡í Kg K‡i ev‡RU
aiv n‡j hw` KvR mwVKfv‡e m¤žbœ bv
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fwZ©i my‡hvM _vK‡e Ges GLv‡bI
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cix¶vq DËxY© n‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e bvn‡j
accreditation Gi †Kvb gj¨ _vK‡ebv|
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gv‡mi g‡a¨ GKRb wk¶v_©x‡K mv¶iZvi
me¸‡jv `¶Zv AR©b Kiv‡bv m¤¢e n‡e|
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mnvwqKv ˆZqvi Kivi gZ ewY©Z iƒ‡c Kiv
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gvm c‡i gj¨vq‡b †h KqRb wk¶v_x© cvk
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500/- UvKv Ges 10 Rb cvk Ki‡j
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flexible wbq‡gB evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ
¯’v‡b KvR Ki‡Q| wUGjGg 1996 mv‡j
ïi€ nq Ges Gi mdjZvI n‡qwQj|
wbi¶iMY mv¶iZv AR©b K‡iwQj Ges
hvi d‡j mv¶iZvi nvi 63% n‡qwQj|
wk¶v_x©‡`i mwnZ Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g Pjgvb Pvwn`v wfwËK wk¶vµg I
Rxeb `¶Zv Ges RxweKvq‡bi †UªW¸‡jv
evQvB Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| gšYvj‡qi wewfbœ
kvLv Awdm Dc‡Rjv chv©‡q Av‡Q Ges
hviv GbGdB Kvh©µ‡gi mwnZ RwoZ
Zv‡`i‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ Avgiv
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fwgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| 1998 mv‡ji
wUGjGg Gi d‡j †hLv‡b mv¶iZvi nvi
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Kg c‡¶ 90% †_‡K 95% nIqv DwPr
wQj eis e„w× bv †c‡q gvÎ kZKiv 51
fvM mv¶iZv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q|DcvbyôvwbK
wk¶v †¶‡Î Afvebxq mvdj¨ AR©‡bi
d‡j AvšR©vwZK ¯^xK…wZ ¯^iƒc evsjv‡`k
1998 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v mv¶iZv c`K jvf
K‡i| GbGdB welqwU‡K mdj cÖK‡íi
j¶¨ I D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ wgj ‡i‡L ev¯evqb
Ki‡Z nq | mdjfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi
Rb¨ Flexibility hw` AviI `iKvi nq
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j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Rvbv‡bvi c_ †ei Ki‡Z
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Kiv `iKvi| LÛ Kvjxb wk¶K w`‡q
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- 47
wbe©vn Kivi my‡hvM cv‡e| ‡`‡k evRvi
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NFE m¤žb©fv‡e m¤žbœ Kiv m¤¢e bq
eis Community I ¯’vbxq miKvi
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Ges cÖKí cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z evav _vKvi
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Afve _vK‡jI wk¶v †¶‡Î eivÏ
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Kvh©µ‡g mdjZv Avb‡Z cvi‡j †evSv
hv‡e Avgv‡`i D‡`¨vM KZUv mdj
n‡q‡Q| GbGdB Kvh©µg†K wKfv‡e
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mv¶i K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb Kiv
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ev¯evqb n‡e|
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e¨q n‡e Ggb `ywU cÖKí Rgv w`‡q‡Q hv
cwiKíbv Kwgk‡b Rgv Av‡Q | GB `ywU
cÖK‡í (61+3) 64wU †Rjvq †gŠwjK
wk¶v I Ae¨vnZ wk¶v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e
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Zv‡`i cÖhyw³MZ `¶Zv Av‡Q †KejgvÎ
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cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v gšYvj‡qi
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gva¨‡g AvbyôvwbK Ges DcvbyôvwbK
wk¶v Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡ŽQ| eZ©gvb
miKv‡ii mg‡q myweavewÂZ, S‡i cov
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†mvmvBwUi fwgKv AZ¨š ¸iyZ¡cY©|
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n‡e|
- 48
• evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gvb †Rjv †f‡` †hLv‡b
†h ai‡bi †UªW evRvi wfwËK Pvwn`v
_vK‡e Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g †m¸‡jv MÖnY
Kivi gvbm MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
• miKvi ‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ GjvKvi
wkï‡`i we`¨vj‡qi mv‡_ m¤ž„³KiY,
S‡i cov †iva, Dcw¯’wZ e„w× ,wk¶vi
¸YMZgvb cÖf„wZ mP‡Ki Dbœq‡b `ycy‡i
wUwdb, mKj Mixe †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡K Dce„wË
cÖ`vbmn mKj wk¶v_x©‡K cÖwZ eQ‡ii
ïiy‡ZB bZzb eB mieiv‡ni Kvh©µg
MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
• eZ©gvb miKvi wk¶K‡`i cÖ‡Yv`bvi
e¨e¯’v, cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb, wewfbœ
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ˆelg¨ `ixKiY I mvgvwRK gh©v`v e„w×i
j‡¶¨ KvR K‡i hv‡ŽQ| GZبZxZ,
†`‡ki cÖv_wgK wk¶vi AwaKZi my‡hvM
m¤cÖmvi‡Yi j‡¶¨ we`¨vjqwenxb MÖv‡g
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cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kªYx I GKxfyZ wk¶v
Kvh©µg Pvjymn †RÛvi ˆelg¨ `ixKi‡Yi
cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Q| cÖv_
wgK wk¶vi ¸YMZ gvb Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨
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cvIqv †M‡Q|
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Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix, mgvR Kg©x, we`¨vjq
e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU, ivRbxwZwe`mn
`jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l mKj‡K M„nxZ mKj
Kvh©µg‡K m¤žyY©fv‡e mdj Ki‡Z
GK‡hv‡M KvR Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ KwgwU
MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avcvgi RbmvaviY‡K
wbi¶iZvgy³ evsjv‡`k M‡o †Zvjvi
Rb¨ mwµq Kivi Rb¨ miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨
wk¶vbxwZ cvm K‡i‡Q|
• mv¶iZvi nvi evovevi Rb¨ miKvwi
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we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i nvi kZKiv 95 fv‡M
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kZKiv 62 fv‡M DbœxZKi‡Yi j¶¨gvÎv
wba©viY Kiv n‡qwQj| we‡kl K‡i eq¯‹
wk¶v Kvh©µ‡gi D‡`v¨M I djvdjBb‡dc cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g †gvU 24.69
j¶ wbi¶i‡K mv¶iZv cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
• DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v Kvh©µg ev¯evq‡b
mvdj¨RbK Ae`vb ivLvq Bb‡dc‡K
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iƒcvši Kiv nq| G Awa`߇ii AvIZvq
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mvdj¨RbK ev¯eq‡bi djkրwZ‡Z
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wcGjwmB †Kvm© ev¯evq†b wbe©vwPZ
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wk¶v cÖKí (2q ch©vq)Ó kxl©K `ywU
cÖKí Pvjy i‡q‡Q| GbGdB g¨vwcs
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wbi¶iZv `ixKi‡Yi j‡¶¨ AvMvgx
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wk¶v mswk¬ó Kg©KZ©v I Rbmvavi‡Yi
mwµq cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i
Afxó j¶¨ AR©b m¤¢e n‡e| we`¨vjq
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g‡a¨ we`¨vj‡q Avbv Ges wk¶vPµ †kl
bv K‡i A_©vr S‡i cov †ivaK‡í MZ
10/08/10 Zvwi‡L cÖavb wk¶K gvwmK
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MYwk¶vgšYvj‡qi mKj Kg©KZ©v †Kvb
bv †KvY Dc‡Rjvq Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb|cÖavb
wk¶KMY `„pfv‡e A½xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h
Zviv Gi mdjZv Avb‡eb|
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Kivi Rb¨ wb‡gœ KwZcq mycvwik cÖ`vb
- 49
Kiv n‡jv:
• mv¶iZv I Ae¨vnZ wk¶vi mgqmwP
Ges wk¶vµg I Pjgvb †PZbv-1,2-3 Bb‡dc Avg‡ji Ges †m mg‡qi
†cÖ¶vc‡U Kiv| wk¶vµg †Kgb n‡e,
K‡jei KZUv n‡e, KvwiMix wk¶v
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Kvj hvPvB Kiv `iKvi| NFE ‡K
Sustain Ki‡Z n‡j Competency
base n‡Z n‡e| †m‡¶‡Î †Kvb bgbxq
e¨e¯’v bv K‡i GgbwK UvKv Kg LiP
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eRvq ivLv| Flexibility we‡ePbv
Kivi Rb¨ mgq, ¯’vb, wk¶v_©x msL¨v,
KvwiKzjvg Ges j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨
RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v wel†q †R‡b cwiKíbv
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wk¶v †K‡›`ª wk¶v_x©iv
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cv‡i| Z‡e wk¶K‡K Full time _vK‡Z
n‡e Avi fvj †eZb I mgqgZ gvwmK
†eZb cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
• KvwiKzjvg‡K RbwcÖq Ki‡Z n‡e|
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Pvwn`vgZ Rxeb I RxweKvi mv‡_ msMwZ
†i‡L DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v ev¯evqb c×wZ
†X‡j mvRv‡Z n‡e| . GbGdB Gi mwnZ
RwoZ mKj e¨w³i Commitment
Acwinvh©| 6 gv‡mi g‡a¨ GKRb
wk¶v_x‡K© mv¶iZvi me¸‡jv `¶Zv
AR©b Kiv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡h
mKj we‡klÁ Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Nwbôfv‡e
RwoZ Ges AwfÁ Zuv‡`i Øviv
wk¶vµg cÖYqb Kiv| NFE Kvh©µ‡gi
Gi we‡ePbvi w`K¸‡jv n‡ŽQ, wk¶vµg,
¯’vbxq wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ, Rjevqy, Rxeb
`¶Zv I Rxeb e¨vcx wk¶v |
• DcvbyôvwbK wk¶vi KZ¸‡jv MvBwWs
wcÖwÝcj i‡q‡Q †hgb, mevi Rb¨ wk¶v,
wgwjwbqvg †W‡fjc‡g›U †Mvj, GbwcG-2
GbGdB cwjwm, GbGdB g¨vwcs Ges
eZ©gvb miKv‡ii A½xKvi| G welq¸‡jv
DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v Kvh©µ‡gi gjgš
nIqv DwPZ| GbGdBi mKj KvR
hv‡Z mdjfv‡e AR©b Kiv hvq Zvi Rb¨
`xN©‡gqv`x cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
G Rb¨ RvZxq Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kivi gZ
mvg_©¨ I †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
Capacity building| GbGdB
cwiKíbvi mv‡_ wcAviGmwci , GbwcG2 Ges m`¨ cvmK…Z wk¶vbxwZGi mv‡_
mvgÁm¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
‰PÎ msL¨v
• AvVviwU gšYvjq GbGdB Kvh©µ‡gi
mv‡_ RwoZ i‡q‡Q Zvu‡`i m‡½ AvjvcAv‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GbGdB Kvh©µ‡gi
mdjZvi Dcvq Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
Zv‡`i Kvh©µg †Kgb Pj‡Q Zv‡`i
DcKiY †Kgb Ges wk¶v cÖ`vbmn
wewfbœ welq m¤c‡K© Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖvMg
gšYvjq†K Zv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z
n‡e| gšYvj‡qi wewfbœ kvLv Awdm
Dc‡Rjv chv©‡q Av‡Q Ges hviv GbGdB
Kvh©µ‡gi mwnZ RwoZ Zv‡`i‡K wb‡q
Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ
c`‡¶c †bqv
hvq| G‡¶‡Î GbGdB †Rjv mnKvix
cwiPvjK ¸i€Z¡cY© fwgKv cvjb Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
• GbGdBi †gŠwjK wk¶vmn †UªWwfwËK
cÖwk¶†Yi ci †`‡k GgbwK we‡`‡k
PvKwi †c‡Z cv‡i †mB ai‡bi GbGdB
Kvh©©µg MÖnY Kiv Riywi| Pjgvb cÖK‡íi
AvIZvq Aí UvKvq wk¶v †K›`ª wbgv©Y
K‡i †Kvb cÖvwZôvwbK ¯’vqx KvVv‡gv
cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e bq| cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji
†Kvb GKwU K¶ GbGdB Kvh©µ‡gi
Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
• ivRwg¯x, KvVwg¯x, B‡jKwUªwkqvb,
†iwWI wUwf †givgZ Kivi †UKwbwkqvb
A‡b‡KB wbi¶i wKš‘ Zv‡`i †gav Av‡Q
Zviv RxweKv wbev©n Ki‡Qb| Gme
†jvK‡`i‡K †gŠwjK wk¶v w`‡Z cvi‡j
†UªWwfwËK wk¶v‡K AviI kvwYZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡e Ges RvZxq cÖe„w×i cwigvY
m¤cÖmviY n‡e| GKRb wk¶v_x© mßv‡n
3/4 w`b wk¶v †K‡›`ª Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z
cv‡i| mv¶iZv `„pKiY Kivi Rb¨
2/3w`b fvjfv‡e covi my‡hvM h‡_ó
n‡Z cv‡i|
• wk¶v‡K‡›`ª wUwf, †iwWI I Le‡ii
KvMR wbqwgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡j djcÖmfv‡e
GbGdB Kvh©µg m¤žbœ Kiv m¤¢e| eqm
11-45 A‡bK eo Class Interval
Avjv`v K‡i cvV`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv
hvq wKbv Zvi Rb¨ Second thought
`iKvi| Community I ¯’vbxq miKvi
Z_v BDwbqb cwil`‡K m¤ž„³ K‡i
Ges Zuv‡`i nv‡Z `vwqZ¡ I ¶gZv cÖ`vb
Ki‡j mdjZv AR©b n‡e| GbGdB
Kvh©µg‡K mdj Kivi Rb¨ AwP‡iB †h
†Kvb Dc‡Rjvq mivmwi Flexibility
delivery mechanism Pvjy Kiv m¤¢e
n‡e| MÖv‡gi `wi`ª wk¶v_x©‡`i Bb‡mbwUf
†`qv cÖ‡qvRb|
NFE Kvh©µ‡gi ¸i€Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K
Avcvgi RbmvaviY‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨
GUv‡K Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e MÖnY MYRvMiY
m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G‡¶‡Î RbM‡Yi
Kv‡Q cªKv‡ki Kv‡R wewfbœ wgwWqv†K
e¨env‡ii e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
Dcmsnvi: evsjv‡`‡ki mv¶iZv
cwiw¯’wZ I eZ©gvb Ae¯’v e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
n‡j KwZcq welq cwijw¶Z n‡e,
†hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv AR©b cÖvq
Pvi `k‡Ki KvQvKvwQ A_P mv¶iZvi
nvi 2008 weweGm Abymv‡i 52.49%
†hLv‡b 1974 mv‡j wQj 26.8%
Ges 1991 mv‡j 32.4%| eZ©gvb
miKv‡ii AsMxKvi 2014 mv‡ji g‡a¨
wbi¶iZv gy³ Kiv n‡e| GB A½xKvi
AZ¨š mg‡qvc‡hvMx|evsjv‡`k GKwU
NbemwZcY© Dbœqbkxj †`k| Adziš
cÖvYkw³i AwaKvix GK wekvj RbmsL¨v
i‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i| 2001 m‡bi Av`g
ïgvix Abymv‡i †gvU RbmsL¨v cÖvq
12.93 †KvwU| evsjv‡`‡k DcvbyôvwbK
wk¶v Kvh©µg AvbyôvwbK wk¶vi
cvkvcvwk AZ¨š cÖ‡qvRb| mv¶iZvi
nvi Avkvbyi~c fv‡e †Kb evo‡Q bv Zv
†`Lv `iKvi| mv¶iZv we¯v‡i eûgyLx
c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi ciI eZ©gv‡b mviv
we‡k¦ mv¶iZvi nvi nZvkv e¨vÃK
ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q| RvwZms‡Ni we‡k-lY
Abyhvqx eZ©gv‡b mvivwe‡k¦ 776 wgwjqb
wbi¶i i‡q‡Q Ges cÖwZ 5 Rb eq¯‹
†jv‡Ki 1 Rb wbi¶i| we‡k¦ GLbI
75 wgwjqb wkï we`¨vj‡qi evB‡i
i‡q‡Q Ges eûmsL¨K wkï AwbqwgZ I
Wªc-AvDU n‡q‡Q| we‡k¦i 35 wU †`‡k
mv¶iZvi nvi 50% Gi bx‡P| mviv
we‡k¦i †gvU wbi¶‡ii 85 % evm K‡i
35wU †`‡k| evsjv‡`‡k mv¶i mgvR
wbg©v‡Y eZ©gvb miKv‡ii Ae¯’vb wbY©‡q
ejv hvq-evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b wk¶v‡K
mKj bvMwi‡Ki †gŠwjK AwaKvi wn‡m‡e
¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q Ges iv‡óªi Dci wb‡gœv³
`vwqZ¡ Ac©b K‡i‡Q (K) GKB c×wZi
MYgyLx I mve©Rbxb wk¶v e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi
Rb¨ Ges AvB‡bi AvIZvq wba©vwiZ ¯i
ch©š mKj evjK-evwjKv‡K A‰eZwbK
I eva¨ZvgjK wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ (L)
mgv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡bi mwnZ wk¶v‡K
m½wZcY© Kwievi Rb¨ Ges †mB cÖ‡qvRb
wm× Kwievi D‡Ï‡k¨ h_vh_ cÖwk¶YcÖvß
I mw`ŽQv-cÖ‡Yvw`Z bvMwiK m„wói Rb¨,
(M) AvB‡bi Øviv wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨
wbi¶iZv `~i Kwievi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki e¨e¯’v
- 50
MÖnY Kwi‡eb| mv¶iZv Kvh©µ‡gi
†¶‡Î miKvi I †emiKvwi Kvh©µ‡gi
mgš^q KZUv-miKvi Ges wewfbœ Dbœqb
mn‡hvMx ms¯’vi mn‡hvwMZvq †`‡ki
wbi¶i RbMY‡K mv¶iZv Ávb cÖ`v‡bi
j‡¶¨ 1276.62 †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q 4wU
Dbœqb cÖKí Rvbyqvwi 1996, Ryb 1995,
Rvbyqvwi 1996 Ges GwcÖj 1997
mv‡j MÖnY Kiv nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨
DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v cÖKí-1, 2 I 3 Gi
Kvh©µg †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb (GbwRI)-i
gva¨‡g Ges DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v cÖKí-4
†Rjv cÖkvm‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ ev¯evwqZ nq|
Dc‡iv³ cÖKímg~‡ni gva¨‡g 1.78
†KvwU wbi¶i e¨w³ †gŠwjK mv¶iZv
Kg©m~wPi AvIZvfz³ nq|mv¶iZv
Kvh©µg ev¯evq‡b ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii
Ask MÖnY wbwðZ Kivi †Kvb cwiKíbv
i‡q‡Q, †hgb gvV ch©v‡q wcGjwmB †Kvm©
ev¯evq†b wbe©vwPZ GbwRI†K mvwe©K
mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ges GwRIÕi Kvh©µg
cwiex¶Y I gj¨vq‡bi Rb¨ †Rjv
DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v ey¨‡iv KvR Ki‡Q|
ZvQvov, Dc‡Rjv I †Rjv ch©v‡q wbe©vwPZ
GbwRI†K mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ges
GbwRIÕi Kvh©µg cwiex¶Y I gj¨vq†bi
Rb¨ Dc†Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨v‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡
Dc†Rjv DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v KwgwU Ges
†Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ †Rjv DcvbyôvwbK
wk¶v KwgwU i‡q‡Q| miKvi wewfbœ ch©v‡q
KwgwU MVb K‡i‡Q| Gme KwgwU‡Z
Ašfz©³ Av‡Qb mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ¯‡ii
†bZ…e„›` I †Rjv I †K›`ª ch©v‡qi miKvwi
†emiKvwi Kg©KZ©ve„›`| G cÖK‡í Zv‡`i
m¤ž„³Zv I mn‡hvwMZvi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ
KwgwUi MVb I Kvh©vejx Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡jv| cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg ev¯evq‡bi Rb¨
wb‡¤œv³ KwgwU¸‡jv i‡q‡Q| 1| Ae¨vnZ
wk¶v †K›`ª e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU|2|
Dc‡Rjv DcvbyôvwbK KwgwU| 3| †Rjv
DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v KwgwU| DcvbyôvwbK
wk¶vi mdjZv, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges ¸i€Z¡
Dcjw×i mgq G‡m‡Q ZvB G‡K mRxeZv
`v‡bi Rb¨ PvB e¨vcKfv‡e RbMY‡K
Rvbv‡bv| mvgvwRK D`¢y× Kivi gva¨g
cÖ‡qv‡MB GB Kvh©µ‡gi kZfvM mdjZv
Avm‡e|
‰PÎ msL¨v
mh© inm¨
(GKwU ˆeÁvwbK Mí)
†g‡mvc‡Uwgqv| gvbe mf¨Zvi Avw`
jxjvf‚wg| kx‡Zi GK mKv‡j m‡h©v`q
n‡ŽQ| †ek eo GKwU jvj mh© Dw`Z
n‡ŽQ| m‡h©v`‡qi wVK GB mPbvj‡Mœ
Avjdv, weUv, I Mvgv `yB fvB I GK †evb
kh¨v Z¨vM K‡i Ni †_‡K †ewo‡q G‡jv|
†ek kxZ| kxZUv eo †ekx KbK‡b| ZvB
wZb fvB †evb Mv Mig Kivi Rb¨ m‡h©i
gy‡LvgywL n‡q mvwi †eu‡a `uvov‡jv| nVvr
Avjdvi gv_vq GKwU †Lqvj Pvc‡jv|
DËi w`‡K †`Šo w`‡q †m mh©Uv‡K AwZµg
Ki‡e| †hgb wPšv †Zgb KvR| w`‡jv GK
QyU| †ek wKQy`i hvevi ci †m †`L‡jv
mh©Uv‡K wKQy‡ZB AwZµg Kiv hv‡ŽQ bv|
Kx Avi Kiv| †m †`Šo _vgv‡jv wKš‘ Kx
Avðh© †m `uvov‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mh©I †`Šo
_vgv‡jv| G fvebv Zvi †ek fvj jvM‡jv|
wej¤^ bv K‡i †m Zvi Av‡Mi RvqMvq wd‡i
G‡jv| Gevi Mvgv ejj mh©‡K AwZµg
Kivi mvg_© †Zvgvi †bB| GB †`L! Avwg
mh©‡K AwZµg KiwQ| GB e‡j †m `w¶Y
w`‡K w`‡jv QyU, wKš‘ bv mh©‡K AwZµg
Ki‡Z cvij bv| KviY wVK Avjdvi gZB
Mvgvi †¶‡ÎI GKB NUbv NUj Ges †m
wd‡i G‡jv Zvi c‡e©i Ae¯’v‡b, wKš‘ Iiv
nvj Qvovi cvÎ bq, Iiv mh©‡K AwZµg
Ki‡eB Gevi `yRbB Lye †Rv‡i w`‡jv QyU,
GKB mv‡_ DËi `w¶Y `yB w`‡K wKš‘
Avðh© mh©UvI GKB mv‡_ `yR‡bi mv‡_
`yB w`‡K w`‡jv QyU| GKB mv‡_ `yB R‡bi
mv‡_ `yB w`‡K? G-Kx f‚Zz‡o NUbv| Z‡e
mh©Uv Avevi f‚Z bq‡Zv? KviY GKgvÎ
f‚‡Zi c‡¶B Ggb wKQy Kiv m¤¢e| ZvB
f‚Z f‚Z e‡j Zviv `yRbB weUvi Kv‡Q
G‡m `uvovj| f‡q Iiv ZLb _i_i K‡i
Kuvc‡Q|
Gg G Kv‡`i
weUv GB e‡j I‡`i Afq w`‡jv mh© Av‡jv
†`q Zvc †`q Avi Zvi Rb¨B c„w_ex‡Z
Avgv‡`i m„wó, m‡h©i Av‡jv Zv‡cB ex‡R
A¼z‡iv`Mg nq, Mv‡Q Mv‡Q dzj †dv‡U, dzj
a‡i Avi Gi Dci RxeK‚j †eu‡P _v‡K|
†Kvb f‚Z Gfv‡e gvby‡li DcKvi Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| KviY f‚‡Ziv memgq gvby‡li
¶wZ Kivi Kv‡RB e¨¯| Z‡e Kx †`eZv!
bv Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY †`eZviv †Zv
wb‡R‡`i †bZ…Z¡ I KZ©„Z¡ wb‡q AšK©j‡n
e¨¯| gvby‡li †mev Kivi mgq Zv‡`i
†Kv_vq? wKš‘ mh© †Zv Zv bq| †mevB Zvi
KvR, †mevB Zvi ag©| wbiwewŽQbœfv‡e
Rx‡ei Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z cÖvY| nu¨v mh© hw`
†`eZvI bv nq Z‡e Ggb f‚Zz‡i NUbv
†Kb? Avjdv I Mvgv hLb f‡q _i_i
K‡i Kuvc‡Q ZLb weUv m‡h©i w`‡K ZvwK‡q
fve‡Q †n mh© Rvwb bv Kx †Zvgvi inm¨,
Ggwb fvevš‡ii GK ch©v‡q GKwU eo
cvwL Zv‡`i gv_vi Dci w`‡q D‡o µ‡g
†QvU n‡q †kl ch©š w`M‡š nvwi‡q †M‡jv|
Ggb mgq Zvi g‡b GKwU fv‡ei D`q nj
Z‡e wK mh© A‡bK `‡i| `‡i _vKvi Rb¨
Zv‡K †QvU †`Lv‡ŽQ| Ggwb GK fvevš‡i
Zvi gv_vq GKUv wm×vš †P‡c emj|
Zvr¶wYKfv‡e †m Avjdv I Mvgv‡K e‡j
DVj, †kvb, mh©Uv c„w_ex †_‡K nqZ A‡bK
eo| wKš‘ A‡bK `‡i _vKvi Rb¨ Zv‡K Lye
†QvU †`Lv hvq| Avi GRb¨B `„k¨Z: Gme
f‚Zz‡i NUbv NU‡Q| GKB mv‡_ GKvwaK
gvbyl‡K AbymiY Ki‡Q Ges GKB mv‡_
DËi I `w¶Y w`‡K Qy‡U hv‡ŽQ| GZUzKz
mh©‡K wKQy‡ZB AwZµg Kiv hv‡ŽQ bv
BZ¨vw`| GB K_vq Avjdv I Mvgvi gb
†_‡K wKQyUv fq †K‡U hvIqvq Zviv D‡V
`uvovj Ges GKB mv‡_ `yRbB e‡j DVj
- 51
†n mh©! Z‡e GB wK †Zvgvi inm¨| hw`
ZvB nq Z‡e †mI fvj| AZ:ci Zviv
weUv‡K cÖkœ K‡i emj mh© †h c„w_ex †_‡K
A‡bK eo Zvi wK †Kvb mnR hyw³ Av‡Q|
weUvi gv_vq GKwU mnR hyw³ †L‡j †Mj|
mwZ¨B †Zv GKwU mnR hyw³ Av‡Q? weUv
ejj mh© hw` GZ †QvUB nZ Zvn‡j
GZUzKz mh© GZeo GKUv c„w_ex‡K Kx
K‡i Av‡jvwKZ I DËß K‡i? hyw³Uv
Avjdv I weUvi g‡b aij| Gevi wZbRb
GKmv‡_ e‡j DVj, †c‡qwQ ! †c‡qwQ!
†c‡qwQ! †n mh© Zzwg Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q aiv
c‡o †MQ| Zzwg †Kvb f‚Z bI, †`eZv
bI, Zzwg mh©| Zzwg Avgv‡`iB mh©| Zzwg
Avgv‡`i wcZv, KviY †Zvgvi Av‡jv I
Zvc kw³‡ZB Avgv‡`i Rš§| Avi c„w_ex
Avgv‡`i gvZv, KviY c„w_ex Avgv‡`i Abœ,
e¯ I evmf‚wg †hvMvq|
AZ:ci Iiv wZbRb mh© gv‡K bg¯‹vi
w`‡q nv‡Z nvZ a‡i N‡i wdij| Avi
hvevi †ejvq MvBj GKwU Mvb
Òfv‡jv †_‡Kv fv‡jv †i‡Lv wcZv
Avgiv †ZvgviB mšvb|
†Zvgvi Zv‡cB Rxeb †c‡qwQ
†Zvgvi Av‡jvB Rxeb aviv
†Zvgv‡K K‡i kZ cÖYwZ|
†Zvgvi Kv‡QB Kwi wgbwZ
Zzwg Ki Avgv‡`i ab¨|
fv‡jv †_‡Kv! fv‡jv †i‡Lv Zzwg
Avgiv †ZvgviB †mŠRb¨|
‰PÎ msL¨v
bZzb mvwn‡Z¨i AwfhvÎv
wkebvivqY ivq
MZ K‡qK eQ‡i cÖvq †`o‡kvi g‡Zv
evsjv cwÎKv †`‡LwQ hv‡`i cÖKvkK‡`i
aviYv †m¸‡jv wjUj g¨vMvwRb| `yB evsjv
wgwj‡q GB ai‡bi cwÎKv m¤¢eZ nvRvi
Lv‡bK n‡Z cv‡i| Kx we‡kl A‡_© Giv
ÔwjUb g¨vMvwRbÕ †mwU wKš‘ wVK Kiv mnR
bq| AvKv‡i Ly‡` ev ¶xYKvq ev ¯^ívqy?
G‡`i †fZ‡i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cwÎKv j¤^vPIovq cÖgvY mvB‡Ri PvB‡Z eo| †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bvwU †ek cyóecy (A_©vr cÖwZ msL¨v
†`o‡kv/`y‡kv c„ôvi g‡Zv| mK‡jB †h
¯^í¯’vqx Zv-I wVK bq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
cwÎKv wek eQ‡ii PvB‡ZI †ewk mgq a‡i
†ewi‡q Avm‡Q| Zvn‡j †Kb Giv wb‡R‡`i
wjUj g¨vMvwRb fv‡e? Ggb wK ˆewkó¨
Av‡Q hv mvaviYfv‡e G‡`i wPwýZ K‡i?
Avwg wb‡R `xN©Kvj wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi mv‡_
cÖZ¨¶fv‡e hy³, m¤žv`K wn‡m‡e e‡U,
†jLK wn‡m‡e e‡U| cvVK, mgv‡jvPK,
†jLK Ges m¤žv`K f‚wgKvq wewea cÖZ¨¶
AwfÁZvi wePvi K‡i wjUj g¨vMvwRb
m¤ž‡K© Avgvi g‡b †h weivU aviYv M‡o
D‡V‡Q Zvi wKQyUv Avfvm w`B| Kx Kx
j¶Y _vK‡j GKwU cwÎKv‡K †Kv‡bv
g‡ZB wjUj g¨vMwRb fvev hvq bv, cÖ_‡g
†m K_v ejv `iKvi|
1. †h cwÎKvi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ cwÎKv †_‡K
A‡_©vcvR©b †mwU wjUj g¨vMwRb bq, †mwU
evwYwR¨K cwÎKv (hw`I me e¨emv‡qi
g‡Zv †mwU M‡Yk Iëv‡Z cv‡i)|
2. †h cwÎKv MYg‡bvićbi D‡Ï‡k¨
cÖKvwkZ (†mev D‡Ïk¨ mdj †nvK ev bv
†nvK) †mwU wjUj g¨vMvwRb bq|
3. †h cwÎKv †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK `‡ji
Øviv cwiPvwjZ, Zvi cvVK msL¨v hZ KgB
†nvK †mwU wjUj g¨vMvwRb bq|
4. †h cwÎKv †Kv‡bv †ckv`vi †Mvôx ev
msMV‡bi gyLcÎ †mwU wjUj g¨vMvwRb
bq|
5. weÁvc‡bi Avq Ges /A_ev L¨vwZgvb
†jLK‡`i Ki€YvmÄvZ iPbvw`i Ic‡i †h
cwÎKvi Aw¯Z¡ Ges cÖPvi wbf©i K‡i †mwU
wjUj g¨vMvwRb bq| bv-Gi K_v n‡jv,Gevi nu¨v-Gi w`KUv †`Lv hvK|
1. MZvbyMwZK bq, RbwcÖq bq,
mvdj¨Kv¶x bq, c„ô‡cvlY‡jvjyc bq,
G‡Kev‡i wbR¯^, †gŠwjK wKQy K_v Awfbe
iƒ‡c cÖKvk Kievi Zxeª Afxáv †_‡KB
wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi D™¢e| †h cwÎKvq
†Mvov †_‡KB ¯^KxqZvi wPý †bB Zv wjUj
g¨vMvwRb n‡Z cv‡i bv| GB ¯^KxqZv
- 52
m¤žv`‡Ki n‡Z cv‡i, cwÎKvi mv‡_
hy³ wKQy †jL‡Ki n‡Z cv‡i, welqe¯‘‡Z
Ges/A_ev iPbvbxwZ‡Z _vK‡Z cv‡i,
wKš‘ Avw` †_‡KB ¯žó _vKv `iKvi †h
wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi f‚wgKv n‡jv cix¶vwbix¶vi, c_ wbg©v‡Yi, D™¢ve‡bi,
Avwe®‹v‡ii, we‡`ªv‡ni, †hŠe‡bi, cÖwZôvbkv¯-ci¯živ †jvKvPvi BZ¨vw`i †PŠnwÏ
†cwi‡q AwfhvÎvi|
2. †jvKmvb wjUb g¨vMvwRb gv‡ÎiB
wbqwZ| KL‡bv †jvKmv‡bi eo Ask
†cvlv‡Yi fvi †bq GKRb, KL‡bv cvuPRb|
we‡`‡k †`‡LwQ wewfbœ dvD‡Ûkb, AvU©m
KvDwÝj, wek¦we`¨vjq cÖf…wZ cÖwZôvb
wbe©vwPZ wjUj g¨vMvwRb‡`i wKQy wKQy A_©
mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| ï‡bwQ G-†`‡k AbyMZ
cÎ-cwÎKv‡K miKvi wKQy K‡i †`q| GB
mvnvh¨ †bqv m½Z wKbv †mUv Ab¨ cÖkœ,
wKš‘ cwÎKvi Puv`v ev wewµ eve` Avq
†_‡K †h wjUj g¨vMvwRb Pvjv‡bvi e¨q
n‡q I‡V bv GUv cÖvq mywbwðZ| weÁvcb,
Aby`vb, MÖvnK‡`i Kv‡Q Av‡e`b BZ¨vw`
Dcv‡q †`bv †gUvevi †Póv Pj‡Z cv‡i|
wKš‘ Zvi Ic‡iB wbf©i Kivi A_© wjUj
g¨vMvwR‡bi PvwiÎwe‡jvc| djZ †hgb
†gŠwjKZv †Zgwb †ewnmvexcbv wjUj
g¨vMvwR‡bi mvgvb¨ j¶Y|
‰PÎ msL¨v
3. wjUb g¨vMvwR‡bi AwaKvsk †jLK†jwLKv eq‡m Zi€Y Ges mvwn‡Z¨ bevMZ|
cÖwZwôZ I RbwcÖq cÎ-cwÎKv¸‡jv Zv‡`i
cQ›`mB bq e‡jI e‡U, †mB me cÎcwÎKvq cÖ‡ek jvf KwVb e‡jI e‡U,
Zi€Y †jLK-†jwLKviv wjUb g¨vMvwRb
evi K‡i Ges Zv‡Z †j‡L| G‡Kev‡i
`y-GKwU e¨wZµg ev` w`‡q †Kv‡bv h_v_©
wjUj g¨vMvwRb K‡qK eQ‡ii †ewk Uv‡b
bv| Zvi KviY hviv wjUj g¨vMvwRb †j‡L
Zv‡`i †fZ‡i kw³ mvg_©¨ _vK‡j K‡qK
eQ‡ii †fZ‡i cÖwZwôZ cwÎKv¸‡jv‡ZB
Zv‡`i †jLv †e‡iv‡Z _v‡K| Avi †hgb
Zv‡`i †hŠeb dz‡ivq †Zgwb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbI dz‡ivq|
K‡qK eQi wjUj g¨vMvwR‡b †jLv cÖKvk
K‡iI hviv ¯^xK…wZ cvq bv Zv‡`i †fZ‡i
†ewkifvM †jLvi c_ †Q‡o Ab¨ c‡_
P‡j hvq| Z‡e GKUv wjUj g¨vMvwRb
eÜ n‡j Av‡iv cuvPUv wjUj g¨vMvwRb
†e‡ivq-Zvi€Y¨ †Zv †Kv‡bv we‡kl cÖR‡š§i
GK‡PwUqv m¤žwË bq| wKš‘ eskvbyµ‡g
evwYwR¨K cwÎKv Pj‡Z cv‡i, wjUj
g¨vMvwRb P‡j bv|
djZ
¯^KxqZv,
cix¶vcÖeYZv,
†ewnmvexcbv, Zvi€Y¨, ci¯ži wegyLZv,
we‡¶vf-we‡`ªvn-GmeB wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi
mvaviY j¶Y| †hme cwÎKvq Gme
j¶b †`L‡Z cvB bv, Zviv AvKv‡i †QvU
n‡jI wjUj­ g¨vMvwRb e‡j MY¨ Kwi bv|
hviv A¶g, †jvfx, wnmvex, hviv kw³gvb
I weËev‡bi PvgPv, hviv Aw¯§Zvwenxb
AbyeªRx Zv‡`i c‡¶ wjUj g¨vMvwRb †ei
Kiv a„óZv|
AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Øvab N‡U
GK Amvgvb¨ wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi m‡Î|
¯^‡`‡k-we‡`‡k cwÎKvmvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m
e½`k©b cÖvq Zzjbvnxb| ew¼‡gi cÖej I
eûgyLx cÖwZfv GB cwÎKvi †fZ‡i cÖKvk
jvf K‡iwQj| GB cwÎKvi m‡Î wZwb evsjv
M`¨mvwn‡Z¨ iƒcvši Avb‡jb| cwÎKvi
cvVKmsL¨v †ewk wQj bv, ew¼g wb‡R GB
cwÎKv †ewk w`b Pvjv‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘
Aí mg‡qi †fZ‡i wZwb †h gvb ˆZwi K‡i
w`‡q †M‡jb AvR ch©š Zv AbwZµvš|
iex›`ªbv_I wjUj g¨vMvwRb †ei K‡i‡Qb|
wKš‘ Zuvi m¤žvw`Z cwÎKv¸‡jv Zzjbxq
†Kv‡bv Av‡jvob †Zv‡jwb| e½`k©‡bi
c‡i evsjv fvlvq mwZ¨Kv‡ii D‡j-­L‡hvM¨
wjUb g¨vMvwRb n‡jv meyRcÎ cwÎKvq
iex›`ªbv‡_i we¯i DrK…ó †jLv †ewi‡q‡Q
e‡U, wKš‘ GwU‡K PvwiÎ w`‡qwQ‡jb cwÎKvi
m¤žv`K cÖg_ †PŠayix| iex›`ªbv‡_i
mgKv‡j wZwbB GKgvÎ evOvwj mvwnwZ¨K
whwb iex›`ªbv_‡K ch©š wPšv Ges ÷vBj
Dfq‡¶‡ÎB cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jb| A_P
ZuviI cvVK‡Mvôx wQj LyeB mxgve×; Ges
h‡_ó †jvKmvb w`‡q G cwÎKvI K‡qK
eQ‡ii †fZ‡i D‡V hvq|
Avgvi Zi€Y eq‡m `yB cÖavb wjUj
g¨vMvwRb wQj KweZv I cwiPq| cÖ_
gwU‡K Acwimxg cÖh‡Zœ `xN©Kvj a‡i
†ei K‡i G‡mwQ‡jb eyׇ`e emy|
†mB mgqKvi eû Awew`Z bexb Kwe GB
cwÎKvi m‡ÎB cÖKvwkZ I cÖwZwôZ nb|
wKš‘ KweZv cwÎKviI cvVK wQj wbZvš
Aí| hZ`i Rvwb †jvKmvb w`‡qB eyׇ`e
emy GB cwÎKv †ei Ki‡Zb| Avi myax‡›`ªi
gy‡L ï‡bwQ Zuvi m¤žv`bvKv‡j cwiP‡qi
cÖKvk eve‡` †ek K‡qK nvRvi UvKv
†jvKmvb n‡qwQj| †mB †jvKmvb †gUv‡Zb
Zvi wcZv nx‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë| c‡i cwiPq
Kgy¨wb÷‡`i nv‡Z P‡j hvq, Ges bv Zvi
PwiÎ bv Zvi gvb wKQyB eRvq _v‡K|
wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi wfZi w`‡qB evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ Avgvi wb‡Ri cÖ‡ek N‡U| eq‡m
wKQyUv eo Avgvi GK eÜz wQ‡jb Agj
¸ß| ¯‹z‡j wk¶KZv Ki‡Zb, Acic‡¶
Lvjvwm‡Uvjvq Aeva hvZvqvZ wQj|
‡`kx Uv‡b AvwnZ wP‡Ë wbiši fve‡Zb
Kx K‡i evsjv mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z wec-­e
NUv‡bv hvq| GKevi wVK Ki‡jb cRvi
evRv‡i GKwU cÖeÜ cwÎKv †ei Ki‡eb,
hvi cÖwZwU cÖe‡Ü _vK‡e Ges Roev`x
wPšvi †cÖv¾¡j e¨vL¨v| cwÎKvi bvg w`‡jb
evwjMÄ| GB cwÎKvi cÖ_g cÖeÜwU wQj
gy³gb c`v_©weÁvbx †gNbv` mvnvi|
be¨ wn›`y‡`i hyw³cÖgvYwegyL nvgeovB‡K
wZwb cÖejfv‡e AvµgY K‡iwQ‡jb|
Agj ¸‡ßi AvMÖ‡n Avwg GB cwÎKvq
G‡½jm-Gi Roev`x ˆec-­weK mgvR`k©b
wb‡q wjwL| Agj Zvi c‡iI Av‡iv †ek
K‡qKwU wjUj g¨vMvwRb †ei K‡ib| avi
†`bv K‡i K‡qK msL¨v †ei n‡Zv| Zvici
wKQyw`b ïay ¯‹zj Avi Lvjvwm‡Uvjv| wKQy
†i¯ †hvMvo n‡j bZzb D`¨‡g Avevi GKwU
cwÎKvi Avwef©ve| Agj Aek¨ ew¼gP›`ª,
cÖg_ †PŠayix, myax›`ª A_ev eyׇ`‡ei av‡i
Kv‡Q †cŠuQvevi g‡Zv m¤žv`K ev mvwnwZ¨K
wQ‡jb bv| wKš‘ MZvbyMwZ‡Z Zuvi weZ…òv
wQj AvšwiK, cix¶v-wbix¶vq Zuvi AvMÖn
wQj cÖej, mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZ Zuvi fv‡jvevmv
wQj †ec‡ivqv Ges †ewnmvex| Zi€Y eq‡m
Zuvi mvwbœa¨ wen‡b wjUb g¨vMvwR‡bi PwiÎ
Ges mgm¨v Avgvi Kv‡Q m¤¢eZ ¯žó
n‡Zv bv| Kv‡iv †Zvqv°v bv-K‡i wb‡Ri
- 53
K_vwU wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i †jLv GUvB wQj
Zuvi m¤žv`K-cÖKvkK wn‡m‡e g‡U«v| Avi
GB Av`k© wb‡q weÁvcb A_ev c„ô‡cvlK
†hvMvo Kiv †h AwZ KwVb KvR, Ag‡ji
AwfÁZv †_‡K †mwU wKQyUv eyS‡Z cvwi|
Pwj-­‡ki `k‡K Avwg cÖavbZ Bs‡iwR‡ZB
wjLZvg| evsjvq wKQy cÖeÜ wj‡LwQ
cwiPq-G| MwK©i mePvB‡Z DrK…ó
bvU‡Ki Abyev` K‡iwQ ce©vkvq|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wjUj g¨vMvwR‡b wj‡LwQ
m¤žv`‡Ki Aby‡iv‡a| µvwš, bZzb †jLv,
Ø›Ø BZ¨vw` cwÎKvq Avgvi wKQy †jLv i‡q
†M‡Q hv AvR ch©š AMÖwš’Z| cÂv‡ki
`k‡Ki †Mvovq cvBKcvovq †`Lv †Mj
†ek K‡qKRb †jLK cowk wn‡m‡e evmv
†eu‡a‡Qb| Avgv‡`i eqm ZLb wZwi‡ki
mvgvb¨ wb‡P| `ª€Z eÜzZ¡ M‡o DVj| em‡Z
jvMj Nb Nb AvÇv| w¯’i n‡jv Avgv‡`i
g‡bi g‡Zv GKwU mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv †ei
Kiv hvK| ÔAvgv‡`i g‡bi g‡ZvÕ wjLwQ
e‡U, wKš‘ hw`I Avgv‡`i ZrKvjxb eÜz‡Z¡
†Kv‡bv †fRvj wQj bv, Avgv‡`i G‡KK
R‡bi cÖeYZv wQj G‡KK w`‡K| Z‡e
†hLv‡b Avgv‡`i g‡bi wgj wQj †mwU n‡jv
MZvbyMwZ‡Ki cÖwZ Avgv‡`i wegyLZvq
Ges ¯^KxqZv‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`evi AvMÖ‡n|
djZ cwÎKv GKwU †ewi‡qwQj, Z‡e
†U‡Kwb| wKš‘ cvBKcvovi †mB eQi¸‡jv
wQj Awek¦vm¨ iK‡gi cÖvYeš, wbg©rmv,
†hŠebwefvwmZ| nq‡Zv †mB eQi¸‡jvi
Kvwnbx †KD GKw`b wjL‡eb| †mB emš
Drm‡ei `ycy‡i Avexi Qwo‡q c‡_ c‡_
†emy‡iv Mjvq Mvb, Adziš Pv‡qi AvÇv,
†kliv‡Z †Mi‡¯’i Nyg fvwO‡q AvwZ_¨
Av`vq, P‡Ui _wj‡Z DËgv½ Ave„Z K‡i
gv_vq mv‡b WuvUvi gyKzU jvwM‡q evwR †i‡L
cvov cwiågY| L¨vcv‡`i cvj-­vq c‡o
kvš, mywe‡ePK gvbyl‡`iI wKwÂr L¨vcv‡U
fvefw½| cvBKcvovi †mB eÜz‡`i g‡a¨
wQ‡jb †MŠixk¼i fUªvPvh© Ges Zvi ¯x
myiƒcv, †MŠiwK‡kvi †Nvl, wegj Ki,
bx‡i›`ªbv_ PµeZx©, b‡i›`ªbv_ wgÎ Ges
Zvi ¯x †kvfbv, †`e`vm cvVK, bvivqb
†PŠayix, Aèvb `Ë, Ai€Y fUªvPvh©, MxZv,
Avwg Ges Av‡iv A‡b‡K| m‡švl †Nvl
c‡i †hvM †`b| Avm‡Zb m‡švl Mv½ywj
Avi iv‡R¨k¦i wgÎ| KL‡bv KL‡bv (we‡kl
K‡i emš Drm‡e) Abœ`v gybmx, GK
Avaevi Zvivk¼i|
cwÎKvi bvg n‡jv DËimix; m¤žv`K
wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiv n‡jv bvivqY †PŠayix
Avi Avgv‡K| ZLb K_vUv g‡b nqwb,
c‡i g‡b n‡q‡Q, eÜziv wbðq †f‡ewP‡šB
Avgv‡`i `yÕRb‡K †e‡QwQ‡jb hv‡Z `yB
‰PÎ msL¨v
wecixZ gvb‡mi m¤žv`‡Ki gvSLv‡b
Zuv‡`i wb‡R‡`i AvÍcÖKv‡ki h‡_ó
AeKvk _v‡K| cwÎKv cÖKv‡ki Av‡MB
†ek wKQy †jLv G‡m †Mj| GB eÜz‡Mvôxi
cÖvq mK‡jB †jLK Ges †KDB ZL‡bv
ch©š †jLK wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv cvbwb|
Avgv‡`i wbqwgZ ˆeVK emZ| Ny‡i Ny‡i
G‡KKR‡bi evwo‡Z| †hme †jLv cvIqv
†M‡Q †m¸‡jv Hme ˆeV‡K cov n‡Zv|
Zvici Av‡jvPbv Ges cwi‡ek wKwÂr
cvbvnvi I wekÖ¤¢vjvc| Avgv‡`i G D‡`¨v‡M
M„wnYxiv Drmvnx mg_©K wQ‡jb| µ‡g
Avnv‡ii c`¸‡jv AvÇvi eo AvKl©Y n‡q
DVj| ïi€‡Z wQj gywo Avi wRjvwc; ax‡i
ax‡i jywP gvsm, ivR‡fvM, `B mn‡hv‡M
†gby †kl ch©š ivRKxq n‡q I‡V| hw`I
†m mg‡q Avgiv mK‡jB wQjvg nq Lye
Aí gvB‡bi Aa¨vcK, bq Rvb©vwj÷,
†Kivwb A_ev †eKvi, wnmvexcbv ZL‡bv
cÖ‡ek K‡iwb|
Avgv‡`i m¤žv`bvq DËimixi †gvU
QwU msL¨v †e‡ivq| Avgvi g‡b c‡o
Avwg wb‡R mePvB‡Z Pg‡K D‡VwQjvg
GK mKv‡j AvÇvq wegj K‡ii ÔBu`yiÕ
MíwUi cvV ï‡b| m¤¢eZ GwUB weg‡ji
cÖ_g D‡j-­L‡hvM¨ †jLv| wegj wQj †hgb
jvRyK, †Zgwb †ivMv; Zv‡K mvg‡b
G‡bwQj †MŠi| ¯x-cyi€l‡`i g‡bi †Mvcb
Av‡jv Avuav‡i †hme fq-fvebv, Kvgbv,
mskq cÖevnx weg‡ji †jLvq ZLbB †m
wel‡q my¶ Aš`„©wói cwiPq wg‡jwQj|
DËimixi H msL¨v¸‡jvi GKwUiI †Kv‡bv
Kwc GLb Avgvi Kv‡Q †bB| DrK…ó †jLv
nq‡Zv †ewi‡qwQj, wKš‘ QÕmsL¨v‡ZI
cwÎKvwUi †Kv‡bv PwiÎ M‡o I‡Vwb|
†ønekZ Abœ`vk¼i, eyׇ`e, Rxebvb›`,
Awgq PµeZx©, myax›`ª, weòz †` cÖ‡Z¨‡KB
H cwÎKvq wj‡LwQ‡jb| wKš‘ huv‡`i
AvÍcÖKv‡ki ZvwM‡` GB cwÎKvi Rš§
Zuviv Zv‡`i †jLvi wfZi w`‡q K`vwPr
¯^KxqZvi cwiPq w`‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|
Gw`‡K QvcvLvbvq †`bv evowQj, KvMR
†Kbevi UvKv †hvMvo nq bv| wU.†K bv‡g †h
mü`q cÖKvkKwU wQ‡jb Avgv‡`i LuywU wZwb
Ujv‡Z ïi€ Ki‡jb| Avgv‡`i eÜz‡Z¡ †Q`
bv-NU‡jI cwÎKv cÖKv‡ki Drmv‡n fvUv
coj| eQiv‡š DËimix D‡V †Mj| c‡i
eÜz Ai€Y fUªvPvh© GB cwÎKvi cybi€¾xeb
NwU‡q Avg„Zz¨ wbqwgZ †mwU cÖKvk K‡ib|
Zuvi g‡Zv Aa¨emvqx m¤žv`K cÖKvkK
`yj©f| weÁvcb msMÖ‡ni e¨vcv‡i Zuvi
we‡kl wbcyYZv wQj| wKš‘ †m mg‡q Avwg
fviZe‡l©i evB‡i, Ges Ai€‡Yi mv‡_
cÖxwZi m¤žK© _vK‡jI GB cybi€¾xweZ
cwÎKvi mv‡_ Avgvi g‡bi m¤žK© wQj
bv| Ai€Y wQ‡jb ¯^‡`kx HwZ‡n¨i GKvš
AbyivMx| bvivqY †PŠayixi mv‡_ Zuvi wQj
A‡bK †ewk gvbm ˆbKU¨, mvwnZ¨ Rxe‡b,
gbylx m¤ž‡K© †h wek¦bvMwiKZv‡K Avwg
we‡kl gj¨ w`‡q _vwK, Zuviv †mwU‡K
weRvZxq we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb|
GB AwfÁZvi cÖvq wZb `kK c‡i wRÁvmv
ˆÎgvwmK †ei Kwi| GwU gyL¨Z cÖeÜ
cwÎKv; †Mvov †_‡KB RvbZvg Avw_©K
†jvKmvb Govevi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| huviv
wbwðZ †jvKmv‡bi Kviev‡i AskfvM n‡Z
ivwR Ggb K‡qKRb weM» eÜzi mn‡hvM
†gjvi d‡j GwU †ei Kiv m¤¢e nq|
GLb cwÎKvi eqm ev‡iv †cwi‡q †Z‡ivq
c‡o‡Q| evOvwj cvVK mgv‡R wKQyUv AvMÖn
m„wó Ki‡jI †jvKmvb †gv‡UI K‡gwb|
¯^vfvweK wbq‡g Gev‡i we`vq †bevi mgq|
†f‡ewQ wb‡Ri †jLvi Kv‡R cy‡ivcywifv‡e
wd‡i hve| wjUj g¨vMvwRb hyeR‡bi KvR|
Avgvi †`ng‡b †g` bv R‡g _vK‡jI Pz‡j
cvK A‡bKw`b n‡jv a‡i‡Q|
†Mvov‡ZB wj‡LwQ evsjv fvlvq m¤¢eZ
nvRviLv‡bK cwÎKv †ei nq hv‡`i
wjUb g¨vMvwRb ejv nq| G‡`i meKÕwU
Avwg †`wLwb e‡U, wKš‘ †`o‡kvi g‡Zv
cwÎKvi †Kv‡bv-bv †Kv‡bv msL¨v hZœ K‡i
c‡owQ| AwaKvsk cwÎKvi †Kv‡bv PwiÎ
ev gvb †bB| nq‡Zv `yÕGKwU DrK…ó ev
†gŠwjK †jLv _v‡K, evwK †jLv wbPzgv‡bi,
ˆewkó¨nxb| AwaKvsk cwÎKv‡ZB m¤žv`K
I †jLK‡`i Ici PvjvwK cxov †`q|
KjKvZv †_‡K DrK…ó wjUj g¨vMvwRb †ei
Kiv †h `ytmva¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q Zvi A‡bK
KviY Av‡Q| GKwU/`ywU Kvi‡Yi D‡j-­L
Kwi| †Mvo‡ZB e‡jwQ, huviv †Kv‡bviKg
idv bv K‡i wb‡Ri K_vwU wb‡Ri g‡Zv
K‡iB wjL‡Z Pvb, ZuvivB cÖK…Z wjUj
g¨vMvwR‡bi †hvM¨ †jLK| Zuv‡`i †jLv
†_‡K A_©vMg‡bi Avkv cÖvq †bB, cÖwZôvi
m¤¢vebvI mxgve×| eZ©gv‡b KjKvZv †_‡K
A‡bK ˆ`wbK, mvßvwnK, cvw¶K I gvwmK
†e‡ivq| ˆ`wbK¸‡jv‡Z bvbv iK‡gi Kjvg
_v‡K| GB cwÎKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jv
†_‡KB †jLvi Rb¨ Kg‡ewk cvwikÖwgK
†g‡j| wek eQi Av‡MI AL¨vZ, AÁvZ,
AeÁvZ Zi€Y †jLKiv we‡`ªvnx cÖwZb¨vm
wb‡q wjUj g¨vMvwRb †ei Ki‡Zb| GB
we‡`ªvnx g‡bvfve Zuviv †ek wKQyw`b eRvq
ivL‡Zb| nq‡Zv Zv‡`i †jvf Kg wQj,
A_ev Aívqv‡m cÖvwßi my‡hvM A‡bK mxgve×
wQj| †jLvi Rb¨ cvwikÖwgK w`‡Z cv‡i
Ggb cÎ-cwÎKvi msL¨v Kg| wj‡L Avw_©K
¯^ŽQjZv AR©b wQj AZ¨š KóKi| GLb
AwaKvsk Zi€Y †jLK †Mvov †_‡KB †Póv
- 54
K‡ib Gme ˆ`wb‡K, mvßvwn‡K, cvw¶‡K
†jLv Qvcvevi| †jLv Qvcv n‡j ïay
A_©cÖvwß N‡U bv, †Kv‡bv cÖfvekvjx cwÎKv
KZ©„c‡¶i †bKbR‡i co‡j fv‡jv gvB‡bi
PvKwi, L¨vwZ, cyi¯‹vi BZ¨vw` †gjeviI
m¤¢vebv _v‡K| Z‡e Gm‡ei Rb¨ `vgI
w`‡Z nq| wjL‡Z nq PURjw` digv‡qwm
†jLv| µ‡g ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i
†jLvi Af¨vm I mvg_©¨ †jvc cvq| Lye
Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi
†jLK †dŠZ n‡q hvb, c‡o _v‡K ekse`
gmxRxex|
e¨emv`vi cÎ-cwÎKvi Qov‡bv Rvj
GKai‡bi wec`, Ab¨ wec` ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Rwek¦we`¨vj‡q wk¶vi `ª€Z AvcRvZ¨|
wPiKvjB wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi †jLK-cvVK,
m¤žv`K, cÖKvkK, we`»R‡bi †fZ‡i
mxgve×| we`»Rb †`k †_‡K wejyß nqwb,
wKš‘ wWwMÖavix‡`i msL¨v †h nv‡i evo‡Q
Zvi PvB‡ZI `ª€Z nv‡i wk¶vi gvb wb‡P
†b‡g hv‡ŽQ| µgea©gvb cvVK-cvwVKviv †h
ai‡bi †jLv cQ›` K‡i Zv cÖPzi cwigv‡Y
†jLv Ges Qvcv n‡ŽQ Gme AMwYZ mv‡o
ewÎkfvRv cwÎKvi wf‡o wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi
c‡¶ m¤¢ve¨ cvVK-cvwVKv‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y
Kiv µ‡gB `ytmva¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q| cwÎKvi
weÁvcb †`evi mvg_©¨ Zv‡`i †bB| Lye Kg
MÖš’vMvi ev ¯‹zj K‡jR wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi
MÖvnK| A_P Qvcvi LiP, KvM‡Ri `vg,
WvKgvmyj meB †e‡o P‡j‡Q| wjUj
g¨vMvwRb huviv †ei K‡ib Zuviv †ewkifvM
†¶‡ÎB wbæ-ga¨weË N‡ii Zi€Y-Zi€Yx|
hw` ¯‹zj-K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vj‡q wk¶vi gvb
†gvUvgywU eRvq _vKZ Zvn‡j Avkv Kiv
†hZ wjUj g¨vMvwRb‡`i c‡¶ †ekwKQy
mü`q cvVK-cvwVKv †gjv m¤¢e| eZ©gv‡b
GUv g‡b nq `yivkv|
Zey Ae¯’vi Kv‡Q nvi bv-gvbvi †fZ‡iB
gbyl¨‡Z¡i Ab¨Zg cwiPq| wjUj
g¨vMvwR‡bi c‡_ evav-wecwËi K_v †R‡bB
G Kv‡R huviv bvg‡eb Zuv‡`i cÖavb m¤^j
Zuv‡`i ¯^KxqZv, AvÍcÖKv‡ki AvMÖn
cvi¯cwiK cÖxwZ I mn‡hvM Ges †kl
ch©š gvby‡li ïfeywׇZ Av¯’v| hyeKv‡j
Gme ¸Y G‡Kev‡i `yj©f bq| Avi wjUj
g¨vMvwRb ZvB gyL¨Z hyeKv‡ji KxwZ©|
‰PÎ msL¨v
Gm.Gd.wW msev`
‡QvÆ †mvbv gwb| †Pnvivi w`‡K ZvKv‡jB
gvqv jv‡M| Zvi eqm gvÎ 8| Rš§ †_‡KB
`ywU nvZ †bB| †MvjvK…wZi k¨vgjv e‡Y©i
Mv‡qi is| wgwó GKwU †g‡q| bvg Zvi
†mvwbqv Av³vi| WvK bvg †mvwbqv|
evev kvnv`vr †nv‡mb| w`b gRy‡ii KvR
K‡ib| Avi gvZv AvKwjgv †eMg KvR
K‡ib A‡b¨i evwo‡Z| Zvi gv evev I 5
fvB †evb mK‡jB _v‡Kb mvfvi e¨vsK
K‡jvwb‡Z| _vKv ej‡Z †evSvq gvwj‡Ki
RvqMvq †KvbiKg wU‡bi PvjvNi DwV‡q
†mLv‡bB Zvi evev gv‡qi fvB †evb‡`i
wb‡q †KvbiKg Rxeb hvcb| Avi †mvwbqv
kvixwiKfv‡e cÖwZeÜx nIqvq Zvi AvkÖq
wg‡j‡Q m¨vj‡fkb di w` wWR©vwfs bvgK
cÖwZeÜx AvkÖ‡g| GLv‡b †m ¯‹z‡j cov‡jLv
Ki‡Q| cov‡jLvq Zvi †ek g‡bv‡hvM|
2 wU nvZ †bB| Zv‡Z wK? 2 wU cv, 2
wU †PvL Av‡Q| Av‡Q 1 wU my¯’ mwµq
gv_v| G‡ZB †m gnvLywk| m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q
†mRb¨B †m †hb K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi Ki‡Q|
2 wU cv w`‡qB †m †j‡L| Zvi cv‡qi
†jLvI †ek my›`i I ¯žó| Mv‡bi MjvI
†ek wgw÷| cov g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡i| Ges
gyL¯ we`¨vI fvj| AbyKib wcÖq, †Kvb
wRwbm GKevi †`L‡jB Zv Zvi Avq‡Z¡
G‡m hvq| cv w`‡q my›`i AvU© K‡i| GKv
Aemi mg‡q †m cv I gy‡Li mvnv‡h¨
isZzwji gva¨‡g g‡bi gvaywi wgwk‡q bvbvb
Qwe AvK‡Z cv‡i wbwg‡lB|
Zvi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvIqv nj Ñ
cÖkœt Zzwg †Kgb AvQ?
†m wgwó †n‡m DËi w`j Avwg fvj AvwQ|
cÖkœt m¨vj‡fkb di w` wWRvwf©s GB
AvkÖ‡g †Zvgvi †Kgb jv‡M?
Avgvi fvj jv‡M|
mgm¨vq fzMwQ bv|
cÖkœt †Kgb fvj jv‡M?
cÖkœt eo n‡j Zzwg wK AvkÖg †Q‡o P‡j
hv‡e?
Avgvi fvj jv‡M| GLv‡b Avgvi A‡bK
†Ljvi mv_x Av‡Q| Zv‡`i mv‡_ Avwg Mí bv, Avwg GB AvkÖ‡gB PvKzwi Kie| GUvB
K‡i, †L‡j, wUwf †`‡L mgq KvUvB| Avwg Avgvi BŽQv|
GLv‡b ¯‹z‡j cov‡jLv Ki‡Z cvwi|
cÖkœt †Zvgvi gv evevi Rb¨ Lvivc jv‡M
bv?
bv, Avgvi gv evevi Rb¨ Lvivc jv‡M bv|
Kvib Avgvi gv Avgv‡K G AvkÖ‡g gv‡S
gv‡S G‡m †`Lv K‡i hvq| ZvQvov GB
AvkÖ‡gi Avqv hviv Av‡Qb Zviv Avgv‡K
gv‡qi g‡Zv †øn K‡ib|
cÖkœt †Zvgvi eo n‡q wK Kivi BŽQv?
Avwg cov‡jLv K‡i eo n‡q PvKwi Kie|
Avwg PvKzwii UvKv gv evev‡K w`e|
cÖkœt gv evevi Kv‡Q hLb wQ‡j ZLb †Kgb
wQ‡j?
gv evevi Kv‡Q fv‡jvB wQjvg| wKš‘ Lvivc
jvMZ ZLb hLb Avgvi mv‡_ Av‡kcv‡ki
†Kvb gv evev Zv‡`i mšvb‡`i Avgvi 2 wU
nvZ †bB e‡j Avgvi mv‡_ †Lj‡Z w`Z bv,
wgk‡Z w`Z bv| GgbwK K_v ch©š ej‡Z
w`Z bv| Zviv g‡b KiZ Avgvi †h‡nZz
nvZ †bB ZvB Avgvi mv‡_ wgk‡j Zv‡`i
mšvb‡`i †Kvb ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i| Avi
GLb Avwg GB cÖwZeÜx AvkÖ‡g AvwQ|
GLv‡b mevB cÖwZeÜx| ZvB †m iKg
- 55
cÖkœt †Zvgvi wK †Kvb wPwKrmv n‡ŽQ
GLv‡b?
n¨v, GLv‡b Avgv‡K cv‡qi †_ivwc †`qv
nq|GLb Avgvi cv Av‡Mi †P‡q A‡bK
fv‡jv| GLb nvU‡Z cvwi| Z‡e mvgvb¨
mgm¨v Av‡Q| Av‡¯ Av‡¯ fv‡jv n‡q
hv‡ev|
cÖkœt GB AvkÖ‡gi cÖwZôvZv ‡K Rv‡bv?
†Pv‡L Qj Qj cvwb Avi gyLfiv nvwm w`‡q
Avevi DËi w`‡jv- m¨vi! A_©vr bvwmi
Di ingvb wmbnv m¨vi‡KB eySv‡jv|
Zvici wkï gyL †_‡K †ei n‡q Gj wKQy
mnR mwZ¨ K_v| †m Rvbv‡jv GB AvkÖ‡g
Avgv‡`i A‡bK Lvevi †`qv nq, wPwKrmv
†`qv nq| Avqv‡`i KvQ †_‡K gv‡qi
fv‡jvevmv cvB| AvkÖ‡gi mK‡jB Avgv‡K
Av`i K‡i †QvU †ev‡bi gZ| Avgvi †Kvb
Afve †bB, `ytL †bB| Avj-vn †hb m¨v‡ii
fv‡jv K‡ib|
‰PÎ msL¨v
DONATE
mnvqZv Ki“b
Name of the donor :.........................................
mnvqZvKvixi bvg: .......................................
Address :..........................................................
.........................................................................
Email:..............................................................
Phone:..............................................................
Amount:
TK.....................(In word)...............................
The Government of the People's Republic
of Bangladesh has recognized CRP as a
"Philanthropic Institution" and as per Internal
Resources Division Gm.Avi.I bs 33- AvBb/2009,
dated March 09, 2009, your donation to SFD
will be qualify for income tax rebate.
Bank Detail:
A/C Name
Account No
Bank Name
Branch
: Salvation for the deserving
: 20502090100202305
: Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd
: Shyamoli, Dhaka
A/C Name
Account No
Bank Name
Branch
: Salvation for the deserving
: 001-101815-011
: HSBC Ltd
: Dhaka.
Contact Address:
wVKvbv :......................................................
B‡gBj:......................................................
†dvb: ........................................................
A‡_©i cwigvY: .............................................
UvKv ...................(K_vq)..............................
Avcbvi GB mnvqZv‡K MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k
miKv‡ii A_©gš¿Yvjq KZ…©K RvwiK…Z cÖÁvcb
Gm.Avi.I. b¤^i- 33-AvBb/2009 ZvwiL 25†k
dvêyb 1415/9 gvP© 2009 `vZvi AbyK~‡j †h‡Kvb
cwigvY Aby`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡`q AvqKi n‡Z Ae¨vnwZ
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
e¨vsK wnmve bs:
GKvD‡›Ui bvg : m¨vj‡fkb di w` wWRvwf©s
GKvD›U b¤^i : 20502090100202305
e¨vs‡Ki bvg : Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wjt
kvLv
: k¨vgjx, XvKv|
GKvD‡›Ui bvg : m¨vj‡fkb di w` wWRvwf©s
GKvD›U b¤^i : 001-101815-011
e¨vs‡Ki bvg : GBP Gm we wm wjt
kvLv
: XvKv|
wVKvbv:
SFD polli, Village: Vhomdakshin, P.O.
Joymontop, Upazila: Singair
District: Manikgonj
Gm.Gd.wW cj-x, MÖvg: f‚g`w¶Y, †cv÷: Rqg›Uc
Dc‡Rjv: wm½vBi, †Rjv: gvwbKMÄ
‡gvevBj : 01712049925, 01711520861,
Mobile: 01712049925, 01711520861
Phone: 02-8059496
Email: nsinha@sfdworld.org,
khtasmina@yahoo.com
website-www.sfdworlf.org
†dvb t 02-8059496
B-‡gBj:nsinha@sfdworld.org,
khtasmina@yahoo.com
I‡qe mvBU: www.sfdworld.org
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