Introduction to BioMEMS & Medical Microdevices
Intro to Clinical Laboratory Medicine
Companion lecture to the textbook: Fundamentals of BioMEMS and Medical Microdevices,
by Prof. Steven S. Saliterman, www.tc.umn.edu/~drsteve
Laboratory Studies by Category
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Chemistries
Hematology
Immunology
Microbiology
Urinalysis
Anticoagulation
Blood gas
Cytology
Pathology
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Specimen Collection
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Obtaining a specimen by venipuncture:
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Tracking and Handling
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The robotic LAB InterLink® automated specimen
processor control station:
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Immunology
Antibody Structure
Variable regions:
Determine antigen specificity.
Subdivided into the hypervariable
(HV1-3) & framework regions
(FR).
Proteases may cleave this region,
leaving the FAB (fragment
antigen binding).
Constant region:
Determines the mechanism to
destroy the antigen.
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Antibodies
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IgG Antibody:
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Heavy chains in blue
and blue-green.
Light chains in green
and yellow.
Carbohydrate in red.
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
http://www.umass.edu/microbio/rasmol/padlan.htm
Antibody-Antigen Interaction
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
The Biology Project, University of Arizona
Chemistries: ELISA
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Chemiluminescence (CL)
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Nephelometry
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Lipoprotein Analysis
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Spectrophotometric Assays
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Protein Electrophoresis
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Hematology
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
msn. Encarta
Hemopoiesis
Stem Cell
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
training.seer.cancer.gov/
Complete Blood Count
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Basic Flow Cytometry
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Flow Cytometry with Cell Markers
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Peripheral Blood Smear
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Sedimentation Rate
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Immunology: Antinuclear Antibodies
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Immunofixation
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Direct & Indirect Immunofluorescence
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Microbiology: Bacteria
1
2
3
4
5
6
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Neil Chamberlain, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine
Viruses, Fungi and Parasites
1
4
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
2
5
3
6
Viruses – Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ; Fungi – RC-PFMT, Chiba University, Japan;
Parasites – The Ohio State University
Gram Stain
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Plating a Microbial Specimen
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests
Dilution Method
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Disc Diffusion method
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Urinalysis
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Anticoagulation
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Anticoagulant drugs are used in patients with:
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Heart disease (including coronary artery disease and
mural thrombi),
Atrial fibrillation (an arrhythmia),
Pulmonary embolism (clot in the lung vasculature),
Deep venous thrombophlebitis (DVT),
Artifical heart valves and other prosthetic cardiovascular
devices, and
Other disorders.
Coagulopathies include genetic and acquired
deficiencies in coagulation factors, abnormal synthesis
performance of the liver in hepatic (liver) diseases.
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
INR
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The International Normalized Ratio (INR)
Created by the World Health Organization
(WHO) because PT results can vary
depending on the thromboplastin reagent
used.
 The INR is a conversion unit that takes into
account the different sensitivities of
thromboplastins.
 The INR is widely accepted as the standard
unit for reporting PT results.
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Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
PT & INR Measurement
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Image courtesy of HemoSense Inc
Arterial Blood Gases
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP
Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the
Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).
Summary
Antibodies
 Studies by categories included:

Chemistries
 Hematology
 Immunology
 Microbiology
 Urinalysis
 Anticoagulation
 Blood gases
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Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP