BF P760
High Lin e arit y Lo w Nois e A m plifier
using BF P 760 f or 5 - 6 G Hz W LA N
Applic ati o ns wi th 12 dB G ain, 25d B
Gai n Step and M ini mu m 2. 4 G Hz
Inte rfe ren ce
Applic atio n N ote A N 303
Revision: Rev. 1.0
2012-12-18
RF and P r otecti on D evic es
Edition 2012-12-18
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2013 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
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BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Application Note AN303
Revision History: 2012-12-18
Previous Revision: No previous revision
Page
Subjects (major changes since last revision)
Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG
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Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of
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of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited.
Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
3 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
List of Content, Figures and Tables
Table of Content
1
1.1
1.2
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5
®
Overview of Wi-Fi Applications ........................................................................................................... 5
Device Overview: BFP760 ................................................................................................................... 6
2
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with BFP760 ................................................................ 7
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
Application Circuit and Performance ............................................................................................... 8
Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Summary of Measurement Results ...................................................................................................... 8
Schematics ........................................................................................................................................... 9
4
Measured Graphs ............................................................................................................................. 10
5
Evaluation Board and Layout Information .................................................................................... 17
6
Authors .............................................................................................................................................. 19
7
Remark .............................................................................................................................................. 19
List of Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
®
5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) Front-End ............................................. 5
Schematic Diagram of the Application Circuit ...................................................................................... 9
Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ........................................................ 10
Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ....................................... 10
Noise Figure of BFP760 LNA for 5100 - 5900 MHz ........................................................................... 11
Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 .............................................................. 11
Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 .................................................................. 12
Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) ............................................ 12
Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ............................................................... 13
Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart) ......................................... 13
Wideband Stability k Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 .............................................. 14
Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ........................................... 14
Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP760 Circuit at 5900 MHz ................................................... 15
rd
Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFP760 at 5900 MHz ................................................................. 15
OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ............................. 16
OFF-Mode Input 1dB Compression Point at 5900 MHz .................................................................... 16
Photo of the BFP760 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board ........................................................... 17
Zoom-In Picture of the BFP760 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board ........................................... 17
Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 ................................... 18
PCB Layer Information ....................................................................................................................... 18
List of Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Summary of Measurement Results ...................................................................................................... 8
Bill-of-Materials..................................................................................................................................... 9
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
4 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Introduction
1
Introduction
1.1
Overview of Wi-Fi® Applications
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi®) or well-known as wireless LAN (WLAN) plays a major role in
today’s communications by enabling constant connection in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands
and broadband Internet access for users with laptops or devices equipped with wireless
network interface while roaming within the range of fixed access points (AP) or a public
hotspot. Different applications like home entertainment with wireless high-quality multimedia
signal transmission, home networking notebooks, mass data storages and printers implement
5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi® into their system to offer high-speed wireless connectivity.
When wider coverage areas are needed and especially when a higher order modulation
scheme is used such as in emerging very high throughput wireless specifications like 256
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (256QAM) in IEEE 802.11ac, the signal-to-noise-ratio
(SNR) requirements for both the AP and the client are more stringent. For this kind of highspeed high data rate wireless communication standards it is essential to ensure the quality of
the link path. Major performance criteria of these equipments have to be fulfilled: sensitivity,
strong signal capability and interference immunity. Below a general application diagram of a
WLAN system is shown.
WLAN/WiMAX:
4.9 – 5.9 GHz
BPF
LNA
SPDT
Switch
Power Detector
BPF
PA
WLAN/
WiMAX
Transceiver IC
ESD
Diode
Figure 1
®
5 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi Wireless LAN (WLAN, IEEE802.11a/n/ac) Front-End
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
5 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
In order to increase the system sensitivity, an excellent low noise amplifier (LNA) in front of
the receiver is mandatory, especially in an environment with very weak signal strength and
because of the insertion loss of the single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch and the
Bandpass Filter (BPF) or diplexer. The typical allowed receiver chain Noise Figure (NF) of
approx. 2 dB can only be achieved by using a high-gain low noise amplifier (LNA).
In addition, strong signal environment can exist when the equipment is next to a transmitter.
In that case, the LNA must be linear enough, i.e. have high 1dB compression point. This
avoids saturation, degradation of the gain and increased noise figure.
This application note is focusing on the LNA block, but Infineon does also support with RFswitches, TVS-diodes for ESD protection and RF Schottky diodes for power detection.
1.2
Device Overview: BFP760
The BFP760 is a high linearity low noise wideband NPN bipolar RF transistor. The device is
based on Infineon’s reliable high volume silicon germanium carbon (SiGe:C) heterojunction
bipolar technology. The collector design supports voltages up to VCEO = 4.0 V and currents up
to IC = 70 mA. With its high linearity at currents as low as 10 mA the device supports energy
efficient designs. The typical transit frequency is approximately 45 GHz. The device is
housed in an easy to use plastic SOT-343 package with visible leads.
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
6 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with BFP760
2
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with BFP760
This application note presents a high linearity low noise amplifier circuit using BFP760 for 5 –
6 GHz WLAN applications. The circuit features 12 dB gain in on-mode and -13 dB gain in offmode/bypass mode resulting in 25 dB on- to off-mode gain step. An L-C network (L1, C2), as
shown in Figure 2, is used simultaneously for input matching and as a 2.4 GHz notch filter to
minimize jammer leakage of 2.4 GHz WLAN signal into the 5 GHz WLAN receiver path.
The circuit requires only 10 passive components (only 2 low Q coils from LQG series) and is
operated at 11 mA. It shows a gain flatness of 0.8 dB over the complete frequency band in
both on- and off- mode.
The input and output return losses are better than 10 dB over the 5 -6 GHz frequency band.
Especially the output return loss is higher than 14.5 dB. The noise figure is extremely low of
1.0 dB (SMA and PCB losses subtracted) over the 5 – 6 GHz frequency band. Furthermore,
the circuit is unconditionally stable and immune against RF grounding layout changes.
The minimum in-band input 1dB compression point IP1dB is -4 dBm in on-mode (5100 MHz)
and 12.5 dBm in off-mode (5900 MHz). When switched off into the so called bypass mode,
the transistor can work with input power levels as high as 2.5 dBm, assuming a healthy 10 dB
back-off to the compression point. The high out-of-band rejection results in an input P1dB as
high as 13 dBm at 2400 MHz. Besides, using two tones spacing of 1 MHz, the input third
order intercept point IIP3 reaches 9.2 dBm.
The BFP760 could help you build a high-performance cost-effective solution for your
upcoming 5GHz WLAN IEEE802.11a/n/ac designs requiring a narrow gap in gain between
on- and off- modes.
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
7 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Application Circuit and Performance
3
Application Circuit and Performance
3.1
Overview
Device:
BFP760
Application: Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
PCB Marking: BFP760 SOT343 M12101004
3.2
Summary of Measurement Results
Table 1
Summary of Measurement Results
Parameter
Symbol
Value
Unit
DC Voltage
Vcc
3.0
V
DC Current
Icc
11.2
mA
Note/Test Condition
Frequency Range
Freq
2400
5100
5500
5900
MHz
Gain (ON-Mode)
Gon
-13.9
12.1
11.9
11.4
dB
Gain (OFF-Mode)
Goff
--
-13.8
-13.0
-13.1
dB
0V Vcc for off- / bypass- mode
Noise Figure
NF
--
1.00
1.06
1.05
dB
SMA and PCB losses (~0.15 dB)
are subtracted
RLin
--
10.0
13.0
11.6
dB
RLout
--
14.6
17.6
24.2
dB
Reverse Isolation
IRev
--
18.7
17.7
17.1
dB
Input P1dB (ON)
IP1dBon
13.0
-4.0
-2.7
-1.2
dBm
Output P1dB (ON)
OP1dB
-1.9
7.1
8.1
9.2
dBm
Input P1dB (OFF)
IP1dBoff
--
14.5
13.4
12.5
dBm
0V Vcc for off- / bypass- mode
Input IP3
IIP3
--
9.2
dBm
Power @ Input: -25 dBm
f1= 5900 MHz, f2= 5901 MHz
Output IP3
OIP3
--
20.6
dBm
Power @ Input: -25 dBm
f1= 5900 MHz, f2= 5901 MHz
Input Return Loss
Output Return
Loss
Stability
k
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
≥ 1.0
--
8 / 20
Stability measured from 10MHz to
15GHz
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
3.3
Schematics
Vcc= 3.0 V
J3
DC Connector
All passives are “0402“ case size
L1 & L2: LQG Series
C1 & C2: GJM Series
Other Capacitors: various
C2
I = 11.2 mA
R3
75 Ω
R1
36 kΩ
0.7 pF
L1
2.4 nH
J1
RF Port1
INPUT
Q1
BFP760
C1
C5
33 pF
R2
27 Ω
L2
2.0 nH
C4
1.5 pF
C3
J2
RF Port2
OUTPUT
1.5 pF
0.7 pF
Q1: Vce = 1.85 V
A proper RF grounding is required to ensure
the LNA performance. Please refer to Chapter
7 for the layout proposal.
Total Component Count = 11
Including BFP760 transistor
PCB = M12101004 0.4 mm EDG BFP760
PCB Board Material = SOT343
Layer spacing (top RF to internal ground plane): 0.2 mm
Inductors = 2 (LQG series)
Resistors = 3
Capacitors = 5
Figure 2
Table 2
Symbol
Schematic Diagram of the Application Circuit
Bill-of-Materials
Value
Unit
Size
Manufacturer
Comment
C1
0.7
pF
0402
GJM Series
Input DC block & input matching
C2
0.7
pF
0402
GJM Series
Input matching & 2.4 GHz rejection
C3
1.5
pF
0402
Various
Output DC block & output matching
C4
1.5
pF
0402
Various
Output matching
C5
33
pF
0402
Various
L1
2.4
nH
0402
Murata LQG series
RF decoupling / blocking cap
Input matching & 2.4 GHz rejection
L2
2.0
nH
0402
Murata LQG series
Output matching & Collector biasing
R1
36
kΩ
0402
Various
DC biasing
R2
27
Ω
0402
Various
Stability improvement
R3
75
Ω
0402
Various
DC biasing (provides DC negative
feedback to stabilize DC operating
point over temperature variation,
transistor hFE variation, etc.)
Infineon Technologies
BFP760 SiGe: C Heterojunction
Bipolar RF Transistor
Q1
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
SOT343
9 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
4
Measured Graphs
Insertion Power Gain InBand
13
5100 MHz
12.1 dB
5500 MHz
11.9 dB
5900 MHz
11.4 dB
12
11
10
9
8
4000
Figure 3
4500
5000
5500
6000
Frequency (MHz)
6500
7000
Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760
Insertion Power Gain WideBand
15
10
5100 MHz
12.1 dB
5500 MHz
11.9 dB
5
5900 MHz
11.4 dB
0
-5
2400 MHz
-13.9 dB
-10
-15
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 4
Wideband Insertion Power Gain of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
10 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Noise Figure
2
NF(dB)
1.5
5500 MHz
1.06 dB
5100 MHz
1 dB
5900 MHz
1.05 dB
1
0.5
0
5100
Figure 5
5300
5500
Frequency (MHz)
5700
5900
Noise Figure of BFP760 LNA for 5100 - 5900 MHz
Reverse Isolation
0
-10
5100 MHz
-18.7 dB
5500 MHz
-17.7 dB
5900 MHz
-17.1 dB
-20
-30
-40
4000
Figure 6
4500
5000
5500
6000
Frequency (MHz)
6500
7000
Reverse Isolation of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
11 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Input Matching
-2
-4
-6
5100 MHz
-10 dB
-8
-10
5900 MHz
-11.6 dB
5500 MHz
-13 dB
-12
-14
4000
Figure 7
4500
5000
5500
6000
Frequency (MHz)
6500
7000
Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760
Swp Max
7000MHz
2.
0
6
0.
0.8
1.0
Input Matching Smith
5900 MHz
r 0.880984
x 0.49845
0.
4
5500 MHz
r 0.65972
x 0.151002
10.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
10.0
0.8
0.4
0.2
0
0
4.
5.0
0.6
0.2
5100 MHz
r 0.530127
x -0.109176
0
3.
-10.0
2
-0.
-4
.0
-5.
0
-3
.0
Figure 8
.0
-2
-1.0
-0.8
-0
.6
.4
-0
Swp Min
3500MHz
Input Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart)
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
12 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Output Matching
-5
-10
5500 MHz
-17.6 dB
-15
5100 MHz
-14.6 dB
-20
5900 MHz
-24.2 dB
-25
4000
Figure 9
4500
5000
5500
6000
Frequency (MHz)
6500
7000
Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760
Swp Max
7000MHz
2.
0
6
0.
0.8
1.0
Output Matching Smith
0.
4
0
3.
5900 MHz
r 0.910365
x 0.0773092
0
4.
5.0
0.2
10.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0
0.2
10.0
5500 MHz
r 0.813086
x -0.150507
-10.0
2
-0.
5100 MHz
r 0.848427
x -0.31415
-4
.0
-5.
0
-3
.0
Figure 10
.0
-2
-1.0
-0.8
-0
.6
.4
-0
Swp Min
3500MHz
Output Matching of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760 (Smith Chart)
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
13 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Stability k Factor
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
100
5100
10100
15000
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 11
Wideband Stability k Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760
Stability Mu Factor
2
1.5
1
Mu2 factor
0.5
Mu1 factor
0
100
5100
10100
15000
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 12
Wideband Stability Mu Factor of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
14 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
Input 1dB Compression Point
12
10
-30 dBm
11.37 dB
-1.23 dBm
10.37 dB
Gain(dB)
8
6
4
2
0
-30
Figure 13
-25
-20
-15
Pin (dBm)
-10
-5
0
Input 1dB Compression Point of the BFP760 Circuit at 5900 MHz
Output 3rd Order Intercept Point
0
5901 MHz
-13.4
Power (dBm)
-20
-40
-60
5899 MHz
-81.3
-80
-100
5898.5
Figure 14
5899.5
5900.5
Frequency (MHz)
5901.5
5902.5
rd
Output 3 Order Intercept Point of BFP760 at 5900 MHz
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
15 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Measured Graphs
OFF Mode S21
-12
-14
5100 MHz
-13.8 dB
5500 MHz
-13 dB
-16
5900 MHz
-13.1 dB
-18
-20
-22
4000
Figure 15
4500
5000
5500
6000
Frequency (MHz)
6500
7000
OFF-Mode (Vcc = 0V, Icc = 0mA) S21 of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760
OFF Mode Input 1dB Compression Point at 5900 MHz
-10
Gain(dB)
-15
-10 dBm
-13.2 dB
12.5 dBm
-14.2 dB
-20
-25
-30
-10
Figure 16
-5
0
Pin (dBm)
5
10
12.5
OFF-Mode Input 1dB Compression Point at 5900 MHz
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
16 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Evaluation Board and Layout Information
5
Evaluation Board and Layout Information
Figure 17
Photo of the BFP760 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board
Figure 18
Zoom-In Picture of the BFP760 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA Evaluation Board
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
17 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Evaluation Board and Layout Information
Figure 19
Layout Proposal for RF Grounding of the 5-6 GHz WLAN LNA with BFP760
Vias
FR4 Core, 0.2mm
Copper
35µm
Figure 20
FR4 Prepreg,
0.8mm
PCB Layer Information
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
18 / 20
2012-12-18
BFP760
Low Noise Amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz WLAN with 2.4 GHz Rejection
Authors
6
Authors
Shamsuddin Ahmed, Application Engineer of Business Unit “RF and Protection Devices”
Dr. Chih-I Lin, Senior Staff Engineer/Technical Marketing RF of Business Unit “RF and
Protection Devices”
7
Remark
The graphs are generated with the simulation program AWR Microwave Office®.
Application Note AN303, Rev. 1.0
19 / 20
2012-12-18
w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m
Published by Infineon Technologies AG
AN303