Synthesis of Highway Practice
System Performance of Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Connections in Moderate‐
in Moderate
Moderate‐to
to‐‐High Seismic Regions
High Seismic Regions
(NCHRP Project 12‐‐88, NCHRP Report 698)
(NCHRP Project 12
Marc Eberhard
University of Washington
10 June 2011
QUAKE SUMMIT 2011
Earthquake & Multi‐Hazards Resilience: Progress & Challenges
Buffalo New York
Buffalo, New York
Synthesis of Highway Practice
Prepared for
NCHRP
T
Transportation
t ti Research
R
h Board
B d off
The National Academies
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT
This report, not released for publication, is furnished only for review to
members of or participants in the work of the CRP. This report is to be
regarded as fully privileged, and dissemination of the information
included herein must be approved by the CRP.
NCHRP 12‐‐88 Project Team
NCHRP 12
• BergerABAM
g
Lee Marsh
Brian Garrett
Markus Wernli
• University of Washington
John Stanton
Marc Eberhard
Michael Weinert
Objective
Synthesize available information for ABC in Synthesize
available information for ABC in
seismic regions, including
–
–
–
–
–
–
Pile to pile‐cap connections
Substructure to superstructure joints and connections
Connection between column segments
Connections between precast girders and pier diaphragms
Connections between precast girders and pier diaphragms
Various connection devices and technologies
Super‐to‐substructure connection form SPMT (roll‐in) p
(
)
technology
Identify Knowledge and Experience Gaps
Questionnaire Response Highlights
• ABC techniques used mostly in capacity‐protected regions of bridges
• Need for design, construction and inspection procedures – attempts are being made to fill in these procedures –
attempts are being made to fill in these
gaps
• Need large‐scale test data for validation
g
• All uses have focused on CIP emulative behavior
• Durability is a concern
• Seismic Guide Spec displacement procedure better suited for quantifying response
Example Connection Locations in a Bridge
ED – Energy Dissipating
CP – Capacity Protected
What’s Special About Seismic Applications?
1. Continuity of load path under load reversals
2 Development of cyclic inelastic deformations
2.
Development of cyclic inelastic deformations
3. Maximum forces (moments) occur where we would like to connect prefabricated elements
would like to connect prefabricated elements
4. Certain element/material behaviors may cause rapid loss of cyclic resistance
cause rapid loss of cyclic resistance
– Local Buckling
– Strain Concentrations
Strain Concentrations
5. Detailing is important!
Literature Review –
Literature Review – Example Sheets
Grouped Similar Connection Types
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bar Couplers
Bar
Couplers
Grouted Ducts
Pocket Connections
k C
i
Member Socket Connections
Hybrid Systems (Prestress with Deformed Bars)
Integral Connections (Connections Super to Piers)
Integral Connections (Connections Super to Piers)
Emerging Technologies (Hybrid + … Bar Coupler Connections
Grouted Duct Connections
NCHRP 12‐74
NCHRP 12
74
WSDOT
Pocket Connections
NCHRP 12‐74
Member Socket Connections
Embedded Column
Embedded
Column
In Blocked out Footing
Embedded Column
Embedded
Column
In CIP Footing
Member Socket Connections
Precast Column with
Cast‐in‐Place Footing
BergerABAM
Hybrid Connections / Systems
Force – Displacement
Energy Dissipation & Re‐centering
Post ‐
PT provides re‐centering
i
Rebar provides
energy dissipation
MCEER / SUNY B ff l
MCEER / SUNY Buffalo
Integral Connections
Precast Lower Stage Cap Beam – CIP Diaphragm / Precast Girders and Deck Panels
NCHRP 12‐74
Emerging Technology Connections
Both ED and DE are Achieved University of Nevada ‐ Reno
Pier System: For Prestressed
Pier System: For Prestressed Girder Bridges Integral at Piers CIP Diaphragm
Grouted Duct
Connections
Socket
Connection
Precast
Cap Beam
Precast
Segmental
Column
(to demonstrate
feasibility)
CIP
Footing
WSDOT / FHWA HfL Technology Partnerships
Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
Conceptual Example
Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
TRL
Description
1 Concept exists
2 Static strength predictable
3 Non-seismic deployment
4 Analyzed for seismic loading
5 Seismic testing
g of components
6 Seismic testing of subassemblies
7 Design & construction guidelines
8 Deployment in seismic area
9 Adequate
Adeq ate performance in EQ
% of development complete
0-25
25-50
50-75
75-100
infill
"
"
catch-up required
"
ad ancement
advancement
TRL Concept Developed by NASA
Types of Activities to be Completed
Connection Type
Bar couplers Grouted ducts Pocket Socket Hybrid Integral Emerging Catch‐up
Infill
Advancement
Catch‐up: ………
p
Filling in needs after deployment
g
p y
Infill: …………….. Adding to knowledge base
Advancement: Advancing the state of knowledge
Technology Readiness Levels
Bar Couplers
Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
TRL
Description
1 Concept
C
t exists
i t
2 Static strength predictable
3 Non-seismic deployment
4 Analyzed for seismic loading
5 Seismic testing of components
6 Seismic testing of subassemblies
7 Design
D i & construction
t ti guidelines
id li
8 Deployment in seismic area
9 Adequate performance in EQ
Socket Conns.
TRL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
% of de
development
elopment complete
0-25
25-50 50-75 75-100
% of development complete
0-25
25-50 50-75 75-100
Hybrid Systems
% of de
development
elopment complete
0-25
25-50 50-75 75-100
Grouted Ducts
% of development complete
0-25
25-50 50-75 75-100
Integral Conns.
% of de
development
elopment complete
0-25
25-50 50-75 75-100
Pocket Conns.
% of development complete
0-25
25-50 50-75 75-100
Emerging Technology
% of de
development
elopment complete
0-25
25-50 50-75 75-100
Performance and Time Savings
Conceptual Examples
Performance
Potential
+2
+1
1
0
-1
-2
Definition
Construction
wrt CIP
Risk value
Much better
Slightly better
Equal
6
Slightly worse
12345
Much worse
7
Time Sav
Potential
+2
+1
0
-1
-2
Seismic
Perf. value
67
12345
Definition
Value
wrt CIP
Much better
1245
Slightly better
36
Equal
Slightly worse
7
Much
uc worse
o se
Durability Inspectability
value
value
123456
7
123467
5
Time Savings for Pier Construction
CIP Bar Grouted Pockets Sockets
Cast‐in‐place
Bar Couplers Grouted Ducts
Pocket
Socket
Couplers Ducts
Summary of Construction Time Savings (in days) for Each Connection Type
Construction Steps
Excavate ftg
Set ftg rebar
Set column steel
Pour ftg concrete
1
2
1
1
1
Colum
mn to Footing
Grout bedding layer
Set/level column
Grout couplers
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
0.25
0.25
0.5
1
1
0.5
0.25
0.5
0.5
0.25
05
0.5
P
Pour pocket concrete
k t
t
Build column formwork
Pour column concrete
1.5
1
‐‐
Grout curing time
Ftg to column time
g
8.5
Column Savings
Build shoring / soffit
Set cap beam rebar
Finish formwork / pour conc
2
2
6.5
2
8
0.5
7
1.5
1
0.25
1
0.5
1
0.5
1
1
7
1.5
1
0.25
0.25
0.5
Set/level cap beam
Grout bedding layer
Grout couplers
0.25
Grout bedding and ducts
0.5
Pour pocket concrete
0.5
1
Grout interface of column/cap
1
Grout cure time
Cure time to 80% (5 days min)
Cure time to 80% (5 days min)
5
Column to cap beam time
12
Cap Beam Savings
Total time
Total savings
Column Savings:
Ab
About 1 –
1 2 Days
2D
4
2
1
Set shims / shoring and survey
Cap beam to Colum
mn
1
2
1
Grout bedding and ducts
Concrete curing to 1500psi
Total
Time forr Activity
Cap
p Beam to Co
olumn Column to
o Foundation
n
Build ftg formwork
20.5
1
5
3
9
10
10.5
2.5
9.5
9
11.5
7
5
15
5.5
3
9
10
10.5
Cap Bm Savings:
About 10 Days
Recommendations
• Pier systems have the highest Technology y
g
gy
Readiness Levels
• More tests of grouted splice sleeves
• Advance pier systems to deployment first
– Develop complete pier systems (sockets, grouted d t)
ducts)
• Further develop integral systems
• Hybrids (H) and Emerging Technologies (ET) show Hybrids (H) and Emerging Technologies (ET) show
significant seismic performance, but are further from deployment. Need continued development.