JAMES W. PELLEGRINO Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Psychology, and Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois at Chicago PUBLISHER FRANK L. HUBAND Executive Director, American Society for Engineering Education EDITOR JACK R. LOHMANN Vice Provost, and Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology SHERI D. SHEPPARD Associate Vice Provost for Graduate Education, and Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, and Senior Consulting Scholar The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching ADVISORY BOARD LINDA M. ABRIOLA Dean, School of Engineering, and Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University CAROLINE BAILLIE Chair of Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, DONNA RILEY Assistant to the Vice Provost for Faculty and Academic Computing and Mathematics, University of Western Australia Development, Georgia Institute of Technology ASSISTANT EDITOR SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITORS JEFFREY E. FROYD Director of Faculty Climate and Development, Office of the Dean of Faculties, and Associate Provost, Texas A&M University WENDY NEWSTETTER Director of Learning Sciences Research, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine BARBARA M. OLDS Associate Provost, and Professor of Liberal Arts and International Studies, Colorado School of Mines JOSEPH A. SHAEIWITZ Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University ASSOCIATE EDITORS TON DE JONG Professor of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences, University of Twente EDMOND KO Adjunct Professor, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology LISA R. LATTUCA Associate Professor of Higher Education, and Senior Research Associate, Center for the Study of Higher Education, The Pennsylvania State University ANN F. MCKENNA Director of Education Improvement, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, and Research Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University BARBARA MOSKAL Director of the Center for Assessment in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Colorado School of Mines NELSON BAKER Vice Provost for Distance Learning and Professional Education, and Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, and JEE Liaison for the International Association for Continuing Engineering Education JOHN C. BRAVMAN Freeman-Thornton Vice Provost, Dean of the Freshman-Sophomore College, and Bing Centennial Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University APRIL S. BROWN Senior Associate Dean for Research, Pratt School of Engineering, and John Cocke Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University MICHAEL L. CORRADINI Chair and Wisconsin Distinguished Professor, Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Chair of the Committee on Engineering Education, National Academy of Engineering STEPHEN W. DIRECTOR Senior Vice President and Provost, and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University DELORES M. ETTER TI Distinguished Chair for Engineering Education, and Director, Caruth Institute for Engineering Education, Southern Methodist University XAVIER FOUGER Director of the Product Lifecyle Management Academy, Dassault Systemes ELI FROMM Roy A. Brothers Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Director of the Center for Educational Research, Drexel University MARIO GÓMEZ-MEJÍA Professor of Civil Engineering, Autonomous University of Yucatán, and Executive Secretary and JEE Liaison for the Asociación Nacional de Facultades y Escuelas de Ingeniería PETER GOODHEW Director, United Kingdom Centre for Materials Education, and Professor of Materials Engineering, University of Liverpool ROGER G. HADGRAFT Director, Engineering Learning Unit, and Associate Professor, University of Melbourne, and JEE Liaison for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education DANIEL HASTINGS Dean, Undergraduate Education, and Professor of Engineering Systems and Astronautics and Aeronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ALAN JACOBS Consultant LEAH JAMIESON John A. Edwardson Dean of Engineering, and Ransburg Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University JAMES H. JOHNSON, JR Dean, College of Engineering, Architecture and Computer Sciences, Howard University LINDA P.B. KATEHI Chancellor, University of California, Davis MUHAMMAD H. KEHNEMOUYI Chair and Professor of Physics, Engineering, Montgomery College C. JUDSON KING Director, Center for Studies in Higher Education, and Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Provost and Senior Vice President, Emeritus, UC System-wide HANBING KONG Deputy Director, the Research Center for S&T, Education Policy, and Associate Professor of Management, Zhejiang University, and JEE Liaison for Research in Higher Education of FRANK FISCHER Chair and Professor of Psychology and Education, Engineering Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München YUN MOOK LIM NORMAN L. FORTENBERRY Vice Dean of University College, Director, Center for the Advancement Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental of Scholarship on Engineering Education, Engineering, Yonsei University and JEE Liaison National Academy of Engineering for the Korean Society for Engineering Education SALLY A. FINCHER Senior Lecturer, Computing Laboratory, University of Kent MARCIA C. LINN Professor of Development and Cognition, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Berkeley MARÍA M. LARRONDO-PETRIE Associate Dean for Academic and International Affairs, and Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, and JEE Liaison for the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium for Engineering Institutions THOMAS A. LITZINGER Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and Director of The Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education, Pennsylvania State University NIAN CAI LIU Professor and Director, Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University HASAN MANDAL General Secretary, Turkish Engineering Deans Council, and JEE Liaison for the Turkish Engineering Deans Council GARY S. MAY Steve W. Chaddick School Chair, and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology JEAN MICHEL Conseil, and Editor Emeritus, European Journal of Engineering Education LUENY MORELL Director, Engineering Education Innovation Worldwide, Hewlett-Packard Company R. NATARAJAN Chairman, Board for Information Technology Education Standards, Bangalore, India, and JEE Liaison for the Indian Society for Technical Education GEORGE D. PETERSON Executive Director, ABET, Inc. THOMAS W. PETERSON Professor of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona HENRY PETROSKI Aleksandar S. Vesic Professor of Civil Engineering, Duke University JOHN W. PRADOS Vice President Emeritus, Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, and Editor Emeritus, Journal of Engineering Education DAVID F. RADCLIFFE Epistemology Professor of Engineering Education, Purdue University M.P. RAVINDRA Senior Vice President (Retired), Infosys Technologies Limited ROBERT RUPRECHT Professor of Language and Literature, Bern University of Applied Sciences and JEE Liaison for the International Society for Engineering Education KARL A. SMITH Morse-Alumni Distinguished Teaching Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, and Cooperative Learning Professor of Engineering Education, Purdue University ESTHER S. TAKEUCHI Greatbatch Professor of Advanced Power Sources, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York PATRICK T. TERENZINI Distinguished Professor of Education, and Senior Scientist, Center for the Study of Higher Education, Pennsylvania State University CHARLES M. VEST President, National Academy of Engineering, and Vice Chair, National Research Council KARAN L. WATSON Interim Provost and Executive Vice President for Academics, and Regents Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University DAVID C. WISLER Manager, University Programs, GE Aviation