MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
Content
4 – 12
Influence of Abrasive - Free Ultrasonic Finishing Process of Steel on Wear
Zdeněk Aleš, Jindřich Pavlů, Miroslav Müller, Jaroslava Svobodová, Anatolii Lebedev, Alexander
Yurov, Martin Pexa, Miloslav Linda
12 – 16
Cutting Tool Performance in End Milling of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Ondřej Bílek, Milan Žaludek, Jiří Čop
16 – 20
Review of Processing Technologies for Spent Zinc Batteries
Katarína Blašková, Jarmila Trpčevská, Tomáš Vindt
20 – 26
The Impact of Sr Content on Fe - Intermetallic Phase’s Morphology Changes in Alloy AlSi10MgMn
Kamil Borko, Eva Tillová, Mária Chalupová
26 – 29
Stability of the Casting Process According to the Method BOST
Stanisław Borkowski, Manuela Ingaldi, Piotr Sygut, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar
29 – 34
The Influence of Surface Modification Using Low-Pressure Plasma Treatment on PE-LLD/αCellulose Composite Properties
Martin Boruvka, Chakaphan Ngaowthong, Jiri Cerman, Petr Lenfeld, Pavel Brdlik
34 – 38
Carbon Dioxide Internal Cooling Technology of Extrusion Blow Moulding Production
Brdlík Pavel, Martin Borůvka
38 – 45
Grinding of Inconel 713 Superalloy for Gas Turbines
Jiří Čapek, Jiří Kyncl, Kamil Kolařík, Libor Beránek, Zdenek Pitrmuc, Jan Medřický, Zdenek Pala
45 – 48
Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness after Machining of Selected Materials
Lenka Cepova, Dagmar Sokova, Sarka Malotova, Bartosz Gapinski, Robert Cep
49 – 53
Efficiency of Local Exhaust Ventilation System during Stainless Steel Grinding
Miroslav Dado, Marián Schwarz, Alena Očkajová, Richard Hnilica, Daniela Borošová
53 – 58
Simulation Possibilities of 3D Measuring in Progressive Control of Production
Mário Drbúl, Dana Stančeková, Ondrej Babík, Jozef Holubjak, Ingrid Görögová, Daniel Varga
58 – 63
Gauge Block Calibration by Interferometry
Štěpánka Dvořáčková
63 – 69
Mold Surface Contamination during Polymer Processing
Zdenek Dvorak, Eva Hnatkova, Michal Sedlacik
69 – 76
The Assessment of Tribiological Properties and the Condition of the Surface of Tool Steel for Hot
Work 55nicrmov6 Subjected to the Process of Friction
Krzysztof Dziedzic, Jerzy Józwik, Marcin Barszcz
76 – 81
Ultrasonic Identification of Weld Defects Made by Electrofusion Welding on Plastic Pipelines
Martin Faturík, Miloš Mičian, Radoslav Koňár
81 – 86
The Effect of Beam Curvature on Bending Properties of Sandwich Structures
Ladislav Fojtl, Sona Rusnakova, Milan Zaludek, Vladimir Rusnak
86 – 90
Mold Surface Analysis after Injection Molding of Highly Filled Polymeric Compounds
Eva Hnatkova, Daniel Sanetrnik, Vladimir Pata, Berenika Hausnerova, Zdenek Dvorak
90 – 94
Use of Overlaying Technology in Area of Increasing Ploughshares Service Life
Petr Hrabě, Miroslav Müller, Petr Novák
94 – 98
New Application of Powder Injection Molded Product in Medical Field
Jakub Huba, Daniel Sanetrnik, Eva Hnatkova, Berenika Hausnerova, Zdenek Dvorak
99 – 102
The Use of 3x3 Matrix to Evaluate a Manufacturing Technology of Aluminium Systems for
Building Industry
Manuela Ingaldi, Stanisław Borkowski, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar, Piotr Sygut
103 – 106
The Influence of Nucleating Agents and Process Parameters on Phase Structure of Isotactic
Polypropylene and its Copolymer with 3% Ethylene
Josef Jakubíček, Martina Hřibová, Jaroslav Kučera, Milena Kubišová
107 – 113
Optimizing Management of the Measurement System of the Technological Process
Dana Jenčuráková, Rudolf Palenčár
Advisory Board
Prof. hab. Dr. Stanislav Adamczak, MSc.
Politechnika Kielce, Poland
Prof. Dana Bolibruchová, MSc. PhD.
UZ in Zilina, Slovakia
Prof. Milan Brožek, MSc., Ph.D.
CULS in Prague, Czech
Prof. Dr. M. Numan Durakbasa
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Prof. Dr. František Holešovský, MSc.
president, JEPU in Usti n. Labem
Prof. Jiří Hrubý, MSc., Ph.D.
VSB TU in Ostrava
Prof. Karel Jandečka, MSc., Ph.D.
UWB in Pilsen, Czech
Prof. h. c. Stanislaw Legutko, MSc., Sc.D.
Politechnika Poznańska, Poland
Prof. Karel Kocman, MSc., Sc.D.
TBU in Zlin, Czech
Prof. Pavel Kovac, MSc., Ph.D.
University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Prof. Dr. János Kundrák, MSc., Sc.D.
University of Miskolc, Hungary
Prof. Ivan Kuric, MSc., Ph.D.
UZ in Zilina, Slovakia
Prof. Jan Mádl, MSc., Ph.D.
CTU in Prague, Czech
Prof. Dr. Ivan Mrkvica, MSc.
VSB TU in Ostrava, Czech
Prof. Ioan D. Marinescu, Ph.D.
University of Toledo, USA
Prof. Iva Nová, MSc., Ph.D.
TU in Liberec, Czech
Prof. Dr. Hitoshi Ohmori, MSc.
RIKEN, Japan
Prof. Ing. Ľubomír Šooš, PhD.
SUT in Bratislava, Slovakia
Prof. Dr. Dalibor Vojtěch, MSc.
ICHT in Prague, Czech
Col. Assoc. Prof. Milan Chalupa, Ph.D.
FMT, University of Defence, Czech
Assoc. Prof. Jan Jersák, MSc., Ph.D.
TU in Liberec, Czech
Assoc. Prof. Daniela Kalincova, MSc., PhD.
TU in Zvolen, Slovakia
Assoc. Prof. Štefan Michna, MSc., PhD.
JEPU in Usti n. Labem, Czech
Assoc. Prof. Pavel Novák, MSc., Ph.D.
ICHT in Prague, Czech
Assoc. Prof. Iveta Vaskova, MSc., PhD.
FM, TU in Kosice, Slovakia
Dr. Michael N. Morgan
John Moores University, Great Britain
Dr. Thomas Pearce
UWE Bristol, Great Britain
Editor-in-chief
Assoc. Prof. Martin Novak, Eng. MSc., Ph.D.
Editor
Radek Lattner, MSc.
Editorial Office Address
J. E. Purkyne University in Usti n. Labem
FVTM, Campus UJEP, Building H
Pasteurova 3334/7, 400 01 Usti n. Labem
Czech Republic
Phone: 00420 475 285 547
e-mail: editors@fvtm.ujep.cz
Print
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Publisher
J. E. Purkyne University in Usti n. Labem
Pasteurova 1, 400 96 Usti n. Labem
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VAT: CZ44555601
Published 6 p. a., 300 pcs.
published in February 2016,
314 pages
Permission: MK CR E 20470
ISSN 1213–2489
indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
Content
113 – 120
Vibration of Thin Walls during Cutting Process of 7075 T651 Aluminium Alloy
Jerzy Józwik, Dariusz Mika, Krzysztof Dziedzic
121– 124
Continuous Production of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Nanofibers
Pavel Kejzlar, Radovan Kovář
124 – 129
Deformation of Aluminium Thin Plate
Frantisek Klimenda, Josef Soukup, Milan Zmindak
129 – 132
Indirect Measurement of Effective Throat Thickness in T-joint Weld by Ultrasonic Method Phased Array
Radoslav Konar, Michal Sventek, Miroslav Bucha
132 – 136
Inserts Coating Influence on Residual Stress of Turned Outer Bearings
Marek Kordik, Jozef Struharnansky, Anton Martikan, Dana Stancekova, Sylvia Kusmierczak, Juraj Martinček
136 – 140
Deformation of Print PLA Material Depending on the Temperature of Reheating Printing Pad
Jan Krotký, Jarmila Honzíková, Pavel Moc
140 – 144
Metallography of 3D Printed 1.2709 Tool Steel
Ludmila Kučerová, Ivana Zetková
145 – 149
Influence of Nb Micro-alloying on TRIP Steels Treated by Continuous Cooling Process
Ludmila Kučerová, Hana Jirková, Bohuslav Mašek
149 – 154
Chemical Analysis and Mechanical Properties of Selected Safety Components of Lifts
Petra Kvasnová, Daniel Novák, Viktor Novák
154 – 159
Influence of Laser Shock Peening Surface Treatment on Fatigue Endurance of Welded Joints from S355 Structural Steel
Ján Lago, Mario Guagliano, František Nový, Otakar Bokůvka
159 – 162
Grinding of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V with Silicon Carbide Grinding Wheel
Radek Lattner, František Holešovský, Martin Novák, Marek Vrabeľ
162 – 168
Assessment of the Procedural Gases Influence at Turning Technology
Miloslav Ledvina, Štěpánka Dvořáčková
168 – 173
Roughness Evaluation of the Machined Surface at Interrupted Cutting Process
Sarka Malotova, Robert Cep, Lenka Cepova, Jana Petru, Dana Stancekova, Ladislav Kyncl, Michal Hatala
173 – 178
The Effect of Different Modifiers in AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy on Built-up Edge Formation in Machining
Michal Martinovský, Jan Madl
178 – 183
Barkhausen Noise Emission of Surfaces after Plasma Beam Machining
Anna Mičietová, Miroslav Neslušan, Mária Čilliková, Kamil Kolařík
184 – 188
Influence of Stylus System Configuration on the Variability of Measurement Result on CMM
Petr Mikeš
188 – 192
Creep Behaviour of the Polymer Composite with False Banana’s Fibres (Ensete Ventricosum)
Čestmír Mizera, Petr Hrabě, Miroslav Müller, David Herák
192 – 198
Effect of Age Hardening Conditions on Mechanical Properties of AW 6082 Alloy Welds
Jaromír Moravec, Iva Nováková, Josef Bradáč
198 – 204
Design of Control Jig for Inserts Measurement
Ivan Mrkvica, Vojtech Sleha, Jana Petru, Miroslav Neslusan, Jozef Jurko, Anton Panda
204 – 209
Influence of Cyclic Degradation in Saline Solution on Mechanical Properties of Adhesive Bonds
Miroslav Müller
209 – 214
Modification of AlSi9CuMnNi Alloy by Antimony and Heat Treatment and Their Influence on Tool Wear after Turning
Natasa Naprstkova, Jaromir Cais, Manuela Ingaldi
214 – 220
Barkhausen Noise Emission in Case – Hardened Bearing Steels
Miroslav Neslušan, Róbert Farda, Kamil Kolařík, Jiří Čapek
220 – 225
Evaluation of Applicability of Unconventional Cooling Method in Injection Mould
Thang Nguyen Vo, Martin Seidl
225 – 230
Monitoring of the Diffusion Processes during Carburizing Automotive Steel Parts
Iva Nová, Jiri Machuta
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
Content
230 – 234
Dilatometric Measurements of Austenitic Stainless Steel as a Function of Temperature
Monika Oravcová, Peter Palček, Máriusz Król
234 – 238
Numerical Analysis of T-Joint Welding with Different Welding Sequences
Marek Patek, Miloš Mičian, Augustín Sládek, Dalibor Kadáš
239 – 243
Influence of the Selected Technological Factors on the Elimination of Misruns
Radka Podprocká, Jozef Malik, Dana Bolibruchová
243 – 247
Effect of Nickel on the Properties of the AlSi10MgMn Alloy with Increased Iron Content
Ján Ščury, Dana Bolibruchová, Mária Žihalová
248 – 253
Laser Hardening of the Functional Surfaces of Machine Tools
Karel Šramhauser, Sylvia Kuśmierczak
253 – 259
Influence of Manufacturing Parameters on Final Quality of Lapped Parts
Dana Stancekova, Mario Drbul, Miroslav Janota, Natasa Naprstkova, Albert Kulla, Jozef Mrazik
259 – 264
Research of Chemical Pre-treatment Created by Sol-gel Process on the Polished Surface of Aluminium Substrate
Jaroslava Svobodova, Pavel Kraus, Jaromir Cais, Radek Lattner
264 – 267
The Use of BOST Method as a Tool to Standardize Tasks in Hot Dip Galvanizing Process Improvement
Piotr Sygut, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar, Manuela Ingaldi, Stanisław Borkowski
268 – 273
Improving the Quality of Castings Using Thermovision
Miroslava Ťavodová, Daniela Kalincová
274 – 280
The Research of Options for the Innovation Heat Treatment of the Tools for Coinage in Order to Increase their Lifetime
Miroslava Ťavodová, Daniela Kalincová, Rudolf Kaštan
280 – 284
A Measuring Device for the Checking of 3D Indicators
Šárka Tichá, Ondřej Srba, Jan Vavřina
284 – 289
The Study of Deformation Behaviour of DC06 Deep Drawing Steel
Michal Tregler, Pavel Kejzlar, Tomáš Pilvousek, Zuzana Andršová, Lukáš Voleský
289 – 294
Research of the Chemical Heterogeneity during Crystallization for AlCu4MgMn Alloy and the Possibility of its Elimination
Viktorie Weiss
295 – 299
Effect of Shot Peening on the Fatigue Properties of 40NiCrMo7 steel
Denisa Závodská, Mario Guagliano, Otakar Bokůvka, Libor Trško
299 – 304
Research on Mechanical Properties of Adhesive Bonds Reinforced with Fabric with Glass Fibres
Jan Zavrtálek, Miroslav Müller
305 – 309
Influence of Selected Iron Correctors to Solidification of Secondary AlSi10MgMn Alloy
Maria Zihalova, Dana Bolibruchova, Jaromir Cais
309 – 313
Contactless Thermal Bending of Steel Sheets
Andrej Zrak, Jozef Meško, Ján Moravec, Rastislav Nigrovič, Dalibor Kadáš
FEBRUARY 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1 – INTERNATIONAL REVIEWERS AND EDITORS LIST
Technology and Assembly
Frantisek Holesovsky
Gejza Horvath
Jiri Hruby
Jozef Jurko
Stanislav Legutko
Ivan Mrkvica
Miroslav Muller
Natasa Naprstkova
Miroslav Neslusan
Martin Novak
Dana Stancekova
Karol Vasilko
Material Engineering and Design
Libor Benes
Dana Bolibruchova
Milan Brozek
Josef Chladil
Ivan Lukac
Stefan Michna
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February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Influence of Abrasive - Free Ultrasonic Finishing Process of Steel on Wear
Zdeněk Aleš1, Jindřich Pavlů1, Miroslav Müller1, Jaroslava Svobodová2, Anatolii Lebedev3, Alexander Yurov1, Martin
Pexa1, Miloslav Linda1
1
Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Czech Republic. E-mail: ales@tf.czu.cz, pavluj@
tf.czu.cz, muller@tf.czu.cz, alexanderyurov@seznam.cz, pexa@tf.czu.cz
2
Faculty of Production Technology and Management, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem. Czech
Republic. E-mail: svobodova@fvtm.ujep.cz
3
Faculty of Agricultural Mechanization, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Russia. E-mail: lebedev.1962@mail.ru
The intensity of wear and particles formation are important factors at practical application of rotating machine
components, because of negative effects on operability of the machines. The presence of undesired wear particles,
for example in lubricating systems, poses a risk in terms of subsequent accelerated wear of lubricated points. In
the extreme case, the negative impact of the wear particles leads to seizure of lubricated points. The aim of the
research was to compare the classical machining and abrasive – free ultrasonic finishing (bufo) of steel. Ultrasonic
set I-4 consisting of the ultrasonic generator (output power 630 W) with working frequency 22 kHz ± 10% was
used for preparation of test surface. There were compared three different process fluids containing nanoparticles
during abrasive - free ultrasonic finishing. In order to describe machined surface there was used measurement of
surface roughness, hardness HBW 2.5/187.5 and results of microscopy. Research was focused on determining resistance of machined surfaces, using a standardized test Reichert M2 tester. Number of wear particles and their
morphology are important for practical application. Wear particles were analyzed by automatic particle counter
LaserNet Fines-C.
Keywords: Friction Wear, Abrasive - Free Ultrasonic Finishing, Wear Particles
Acknowledgement
Paper was created with the grant support – CZU CIGA 2015 - 20153001 - Use of butanol in internal combustion
engines.
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Paper number: M20161
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
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February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Cutting Tool Performance in End Milling of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Ondřej Bílek, Milan Žaludek, Jiří Čop
Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01
Zlin, Czech Republic. E-mail: bilek@ft.utb.cz, zaludek@ft.utb.cz, cop@ft.utb.cz
The article deals with the machining of glass fiber-reinforced thermoset composite. Emphasis is placed on the
selection of cutting tools for end milling. Experiment involved slot milling by special tools for composite machining
with different geometries and surface coating. Further, the quality of the machined surface, cutting performance,
dimensional accuracy, delamination factor and tool wear were evaluated. The results were compared with the end
milling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites.
Keywords: End Milling, GFRP, CFRP, Composites, Cutting Tools.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the internal grant of TBU in Zlín No. IGA/FT/2016/002 funded from the resources of
specific university research.
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Paper number: M20162
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
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February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Review of Processing Technologies for Spent Zinc Batteries
Katarína Blašková, Jarmila Trpčevská, Tomáš Vindt
Faculty of Metallurgy, Technical University in Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice. Slovak Republic. E-mail: katarina.blaskova@tuke.sk, jarmila.trpcevska@tuke.sk, tomas.vindt@tuke.sk
This paper deals with the possibility of spent portable batteries treatment with the aim of zinc recovery. Perspective of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical process is described. Samples of zinc based portable batteries
were submitted under the investigation. Aim of the work was to find the best conditions for zinc recovery. Experimental work focused on hydrometallurgical process was conducted. Results have shown 100 % zinc recovery
under these conditions: leaching in medium 2 M (NH4)2CO3, addition of 20 ml of NH4OH as reductant, leaching
temperature 20°C, within 10 minutes.
Keywords: spent zinc batteries, hydrometallurgy, leaching.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a grant from the Slovak National Grant Agency under the VEGA Project 1/0425/14.
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NOGUEIRA, C. A., MARGARIDO, F. (2015). Selective process of zinc extraction from spent Zn-MnO2 batteries
by ammonium chloride leaching, Hydrometallurgy, Volume 157,13-21.
ROSSINI, G., BERNARDES, A. E. (2006). Galvanic sludge metals recovery by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical treatment, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 131, 210-216.
SAYILGAN. E. (2009). A review of technologies for the recovery metals from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon
batteries, vedecký výskum, Hydrometalurgia, 97, 158 – 166.
ESPINOSA, D., BERNARDES, A. (2004). An overview on the current processes for the recycling of batteries,
Journal of Power Sources, 135, 311-319.
SAYILGAN. E. (2009) A review of technologies for the recovery metals from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon
batteries, Hydrometalurgy, 97, 158 – 166.
BERNARDES, A., ESPINOSA, D. (2004). Recycling of batteries: a review of current processes and technologies,
Journal of Power sources, 130, 291-298).
Batérie [online]. Dostupné na ineternete:http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/primary_batteries [citované
18.10. 2013].
ORÁČ, D., VINDT, T. (2014). Druhotné suroviny a odpady, návody na cvičenia, Košice, IBAN 978-80-553-16444.
CARSTEN, H. (2014). Recovery of Zinc from Spent Batteries by the Treatment in a Shaft Furnace, Erzmetall –
World of Metallurgy, 67/2014 No.4, GDMB Verlag GmbH, ISSN 1613-2394.
Division of primary and secondary cells [online]. Available on the ineternet: http://www.separujodpad.sk/index.php/obcan/ako-separovat/baterie-aakumulatory.Html.
VELOSO, L. a kol. (2005). Development of a hydrometallurgical route for the recovery of zinc and manganese
from spent alkaline batteries, Journal of Power Sources 152, 295 – 302.
DE MICHELIS, I. a kol. (2007). Recovery of zinc and manganese from alkaline and zinc carbon spent batteries,
vedecký výskum, Journal of Power Sources 172, 975 – 983.
MARTA DE SOUZA, C. a kol. (2001). Characterization of used alkaline batteries powder and analysis of zinc
recovery by acid leaching, Journal of Power Sources 103, 120 – 126.
FREITAS, M. a kol. (2007). Recycling manganese from spent Zn – MnO2 primary batteries, Journal of Power
Sources 164. 947 – 952.
Paper number: M20163
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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The Impact of Sr Content on Fe - Intermetallic Phase’s Morphology Changes in Alloy
AlSi10MgMn
Kamil Borko, Eva Tillová, Mária Chalupová
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina. Slovak Republic. E-mail:
kamil.borko@fstroj.uniza.sk
The effect of modification (with AlSr10) on the microstructure of hypoeutectic AlSi10MgMn cast was systematically investigated. The samples were studied in as cast state without Sr (0 % Sr) and after modification (0.05 %
Sr; 0.1 % Sr and 0.15 % Sr). Iron is added to Al-Si alloy to increase hot tear resistance and to reduce die sticking,
but can change the solidification characteristics by forming pre- and post-eutectic β-Al5FeSi phase or other Ferich phases, which can be very detrimental to the mechanical properties of the final cast part. A combination of
different analytical techniques (light microscopy upon black-white etching; scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
upon deep etching and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX); quantitative phase analyse upon Image analyzer
NIS Elements 3.0) were therefore been used for the microstructure study. The results show that the addition of Sr
into AlSi10MgMn cast alloy modified eutectic silicon as well as Fe-intermetallic phases and improves mechanical
properties (ductility, strength).
Keywords: aluminium cast alloy, microstructure, Fe-rich phases and morphology
Acknowledgement
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the project VEGA No1/0533/15.
References
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piston alloy. In. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 21, pp. 380-385.
TILLOVÁ, E., CHALUPOVÁ, M., HURTALOVÁ, L., ĎURINÍKOVÁ, E. (2011). Quality control of
microstructure in recycled Al-Si cast alloys. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 70-76.
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alloy, In. METABK, Vol. 53, 2, pp. 221-224.
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modified with Strontium, In. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Vol. 60, 2, pp.627-632.
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aluminum–silicon alloys. In. Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 383, pp. 289–298.
FARKAŠOVÁ, M., TILLOVÁ, E., CHALUPOVÁ, M. (2013). Fracture surface of recycled AlSi10Mg cast alloy.
Manufacturing technology, Vol. 13, 1, p. 109-114.
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Conference, pp. 148-157, Adelaide, South Australia.
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In. Literature review - Vilmer project. Jönköping University, Sweden.
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Ba, Ca, Y and Yb. In. Journal of Light Metals, 1, p. 229-240.
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RICHTER, K.W. (2011). Phase equilibria and structural investigations in the system Al-Fe-Si. In. Intermetallics,
Vol. 19, pp. 1919-1929.
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TILLOVÁ, E., CHALUPOVÁ, M., HURTALOVÁ, L. (2011). Evolution of phases in a recycled Al-Si cast alloy
during solution treatment. Chapter 21: The scaning Electron Microscopy. Book edited by: Dr. Viacheslav Kazmiruk, pp. 411 - 438, INTECH.
BOLIBRUCHOVÁ, D., RICHTÁRECH, L. (2013). Effect of adding iron to the AlSi7Mg0.3 (EN AC 42 100,
A356) alloy. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 276-281.
TRŠKO, L., GUAGLIANO, M., BOKŮVKA, O., NOVÝ, F. (2014). Fatigue life of AW 7075 Aluminium Alloy
after Severe Shot Peening Treatment with Different Intensities. In. Procedia Engineering, Vol. 74. pp. 246-252.
NICOLETTO, G., KONEČNÁ, R., FINTOVÁ, S. (2012). Characterization of microshrinkage casting defects of
Al–Si alloys by X-ray computed tomography and metallography. In. International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 41,
pp. 39-46.
KONEČNÁ, R., FINTOVÁ, S., NICOLETTO, G. (2011). Shrinkage pores and fatigue behavior of cast Al-Si
alloys. In. Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 465. pp. 354 -357.
ASM Handbook. (2002). Vol.15 - Casting. ASM International.
VAŠKO, A. (2009). Analysis of the factors influencing microstructure and mechanical properties of austempered
ductile iron. In: Communications. Vol. 4, pp. 43-47.
Taylor, J. A. (2012). Iron-containing intermetallic phases in Al-Si based casting alloys, In. Procedia Materials
Science, 1, pp. 19-33.
Paper number: M20164
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Stability of the Casting Process According to the Method BOST
Stanisław Borkowski, Manuela Ingaldi, Piotr Sygut, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar
Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management, Institute of Production Engineering, al. Armii Krajowej
19b, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland, Email: bork@zim.pcz.pl, manuela@gazeta.pl, piotr.sygut.wz@gmail.com,
klimt@wip.pcz.pl
Process stability is one of the factors determining high quality of the products. By stable process, operations conducted in order to produce a given product are repeatable, and at the same time products manufactured in such
process are repeatable and theirs quality is predictable. In the article the BOST method was used to evaluate
casting process stability. The research in from of a survey was conducted in one of the Polish foundry. The results
were presented in form of 2x2 matrix. This matrix has two variables: process stability (X axis) and product quality
(Y axis). Employees quite highly evaluated the process stability, and medium and low product quality. Which
means that the research foundry is located in the B zone of the map of process stability, which is referred as
"Fundamental changes in the process".
Keywords: Stability, Quality, Foundry, Foundry products, BOST
References
INGALDI, M. (2014). Analiza stabilności procesu w wybranej odlewni. In: Toyotaryzm. Zagadnienia kontroli w
metodzie BOST. Borkowski S., Ingaldi M. (Ed.), pp. 98-109, Oficyna Wydawnicza Stowarzyszenia Menedżerów
Jakości i Produkcji, Częstochowa.
BORKOWSKI, S., INGALDI, M. (2015). Evaluation of the processes stability in metal industry. In: METAL 2015:
24th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials. Ostrava: TANGER.
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the metallic charge length during round bars rolling process. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No. 13, pp.
260-263.
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and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol.14, No. 1, pp. 30-36.
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furnace process. In: Metallurgy, vol. 52 (2), pp. 149-152.
PUSTEJOVSKA, P., JURSOVA, S., BROZOVA, S., SOUSEK, J. (2013). Effect of waste and alternative fuels on
blast-furnace operation. In: Metallurgist, Vol. 56, Iss. 11-12, pp. 908-911.
INGALDI, M., BORKOWSKI, S. (2014). Recycling Process of the Aluminium Cans as an Element of the Sustainable Development Concept. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol.14, No 2, pp.172-178.
BORKOWSKI, S. (2012). Toyotaryzm. Wyniki badań BOST. Wyd. PTM, Warszawa.
BORKOWSKI, S. (2012). Zasady zarządzania Toyoty w badaniach. Wyniki badań BOST. Wyd. PTM, Warszawa
Paper number: M20165
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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The Influence of Surface Modification Using Low-Pressure Plasma Treatment on PE-LLD/αCellulose Composite Properties
Martin Boruvka1, Chakaphan Ngaowthong2,3, Jiri Cerman1, Petr Lenfeld1, Pavel Brdlik1
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
E-mail: martin.boruvka@tul.cz, j.cerman@post.cz, petr.lenfeld@tul.cz, pavel.brdlik@tul.cz
2
The Sirindhorn International Thai – German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of
Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Industrial Technology and Management, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Prachinburi Campus, 29 Moo 6, Tumbon Noenhom, Amphur Muang, Prachinburi 25230, Thailand
E-mail: chakaphan.n@fitm.kmutnb.ac.th
The use of plant source-based stiff fillers as reinforcement of polymer composite systems have attracted significant
interests of researchers during last few decades. Unlike synthetic fibres, plant fibres are renewable, carbon neutral,
biodegradable, non-petroleum based, and have low environmental, human health and safety risks. Moreover plant
fibres have potential to reduce weight of composite parts up to 40% compared to the traditional synthetic composite reinforcement like glass fibres. The main disadvantage of plant fibres lies in combination of non-polar polymer
matrix (hydrophobic) and polar plant fibres (hydrophilic). This combination creates poor interface with low adhesion of both components. That implies poor wettability of fibres by polymer matrix and low mechanical properties of composites. To improve the compatibility various methods have been explored to increase the hydrophobicity of plant fibres. The most used method is chemical surface treatments of fibres with large quantities of hazardous chemicals that are usually involved in the process. Therefore more greener sustainable technology, that is
environmentally friendlier and industrially scalable was investigated in this paper. The process based on lowpressure plasma treatment of both fibres (α-cellulose) and matrix (PE-LLD) was implemented in processing of
composites by twin screw extrusion and injection moulding. Resulted composites were characterized by means of
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal and mechanical testing.
Keywords: Polymer composite, Plasma treatment, Lightweight, Surface modification, Cellulose
Acknowledgement
This paper was written at the Technical University of Liberec with the support of the Specific University Research
Grant SGS, as provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the year 2016.
References
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NASSIOPOULOS, E., (2011) Cellulose-Based Bio- and Nanocomposites: A Review. International Journal of
Polymer Science, vol. 2011.
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MÜSSIG J. (2010). Industrial application of natural fibres: structure, properties, and technical applications.
Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.
KALIA, S., KAITH, B. S. and KAUR, I. (2011). Cellulose fibers: bio- and nano-polymer composites. Springer,
Berlin.
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GmbH & Co. KG.
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Advanced Engineering Materials 6, No. 9.
REITER, G., STROBL, G. R. (2007). Progress in understanding of polymer crystallization, Springer, vol. 714
Paper number: M20166
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Carbon Dioxide Internal Cooling Technology of Extrusion Blow Moulding Production
Brdlík Pavel, Martin Borůvka
Faculty of Engineering Technology. Technical University of Liberec. Studentská 2, 464 17, Liberec. Czech Republic. Email: pavel.brdlik@tul.cz, martin.boruvka@tul.cz
The goal of every company is to be a successful producer. There are no easy ways because there are a lot of factors
that have varying impacts on the final profit. One of the most significant factors is production time. If the processing phases of the production of polymer products are compared, cooling is clearly the most time-consuming.
The reason lies in the poor thermal conductivity of polymers. Therefore is very important looking for the optimally
way of cooling. One of the very interesting improvements of current production process is application of progressive internal cooling systems which using cold medium, such as deep-cooled air, the injection of a mixture of water
droplets with pressurized air or the injection of liquefied inert gas (CO2, N2). When these internal cooling techniques are compared, it is clear that the highest production increasing is achieved by the technology injection
liquefied gas. Although this technology has been known for some time, it has not been widely used until now. The
reason for this could be some production restrictions and process disadvantages. The main goal of this paper is
therefore focused on find out these limitations.
Keywords: Extrusion Blow Moulding, Internal Cooling, Calibration Pin, Carbon Dioxide.
Acknowledgement
This paper was prepared due to the financial support from Student Grant Contest project from the TUL part within
the support of the specific university research.
References
ROSAT, D.V., ROSAT, A.V., DIMATHIA, D.P. (2004). Blow Moulding Handbook, pp. 237-243. Hanser Gardner
Publications, Munich, Germany.
TAN, S.B., HORNSBY P.R., MCAFEE M.B., KEARNS M.P., MCCOURT M.P. (2011). Internal Cooling in Rotational Molding – a Review. In: Journal of Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 51, pp. 1683-1692. Wiley
Online Library.
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Cycle Via the CAC – Compressed Air Cooling System. In: 9th Annual High Performance Blow Molding Conference, pp. 253-262. New Jersey, USA
MICHAELI, W., BRUMER, T. (2007). Reduction o Cooling Time by Using Atomized Water in Blow Molding.
In: Proceedings of Society of Plastics Engineers Annual Technical Conference, ANTEC 2007. Vol. 4,
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JORG, CH. (2006). Carbon dioxide cooling method may take the waiting out of plastic parts. In: Journal of Automotive Engineering, pp. 40-41. Loughborough University, UK.
Paper number: M20167
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Grinding of Inconel 713 Superalloy for Gas Turbines
Jiří Čapek2, Jiří Kyncl1, Kamil Kolařík2, Libor Beránek1, Zdenek Pitrmuc1, Jan Medřický2,3, Zdenek Pala4
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague. Technická 4, 166 07 Prague. Czech Republic.
E-mails: jiri.kyncl@fs.cvut.cz, libor.beranek@fs.cvut.cz, zdenek.pitrmuc@fs.cvut.cz
2
Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague. Trojanova 13, 120 00
Prague, Czech Republic. E-mails: kamil.kolarik@email.cz, capekjir@fjfi.cvut.cz
3
Institute of Plasma Physics CAS. Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague. Czech Republic. E-mail: medricky@ipp.cas.cz
4
Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham. University park, NG7 2RD Nottingham. United Kingdom. E-mail:
zdenek.pala@nottingham.ac.uk
From the viewpoint of residual stresses and microstructure of ground surface, Inconel 713 superalloy is an
attractive material since it is frequently used in high temperature gas turbine applications where residual stresses
are relevant for service life. The goal of this contribution is to find whether there exists a relation between grinding
parameters and final surface integrity parameters such as residual stresses, roughness, crystalitte size, and generally, microstructure. Highly productive creep feed grinding has been applied to produce both simple flat areas and
complex fir three blade root. It has been found that the used grinding method lead to very thin deformed layer on
the surface with compressive residual stresses and fine crystallites. Moreover, the detailed analyses have been
carried out in order to pinpoint plausible reasons behind crack origination.
Keywords: Grinding, Gas turbine, Casting defects, Residual stresses, Nickel superalloy
Acknowledgement
Support of Technology Agency of the Czech Republic via grant number TA04010600 is gratefully acknowledged.
References
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Paper number: M20168
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Evaluation of Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness after Machining of Selected Materials
Lenka Cepova1, Dagmar Sokova1, Sarka Malotova1, Bartosz Gapinski2, Robert Cep1
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava. 17. Listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava. Czech
Republic. E-mail: lenka.cepova@vsb.cz, dagmar.sokova.st@vsb.cz, sarka.malotova.st@vsb.cz, robert.cep@vsb.cz,
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management, Poznan Univerzity of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60 965, Poznan.
Poland. E-mail: bartosz.gapinski@put.poznan.pl
This article deals with the evaluation of changes in mean values of the individual components of cutting forces and
measuring the roughness parameters after machining variable cutting conditions such as cutting speed and feed
rate. Were evaluated 3 materials from different classes’ machinability: steel 14109, alloy CuZn40Pb2 and brass
AlCu4PbMg. The materials have been chosen with respect to their use in the extrusion method of the ECAP. The
experiment was carried out on the machine SUI 40, the forces were measured on a dynamometer KISTLER 9441
and on the roughness equipment Hommel Tester T2000. All measurements will be evaluated in tables and graphs.
The results could be used in abbreviated testing machinability as indicative.
Keywords: Machining; measuring; cutting forces; surface roughness
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund in the IT4Innovations Centre of Excellence
project CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0070, by Education for Competitiveness Operational Programme financed by Structural
Founds of Europe Union in project Integrita CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0037 and by Student Grant Competitions SP2015/116
and SP2015/129 financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava.
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v Žilině.
HRICOVÁ, J. (2013). Influence of Cutting Tool Material on the Surface Roughness of AlMgSi Aluminium Alloy.
Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 324-328. ISSN 1213-2489.
HAVRILA, M., BRYCHTA, J. (2006). Top trendy v obrábání – Obrábané materiály. Media/st s.r.o.
BRYCHTA, J., ČEP, R., NOVÁKOVÁ, J., PETŘKOVSKÁ, L. (2007). Technologie II - 1. díl. Ostrava: VŠB TU Ostrava, ISBN 978-80-248-1641-8.
Ferona-Materiálové
log/mat_normy.php
normy
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[cit.2009-04-23].
Dostupný
na:
http://www.ferona.cz/cze/kata-
Pramet-Katalog [online]. [cit.2009-04-27]. Dostupný na: http://www.pramet.com/download/katalog/pdf/Turning%202009%20CZSK%20screen.pdf
CEP, R., JANASEK, A., PETRU, J., CEPOVA, L., CZAN, A., VALICEK, J. (2013). Hard Machinable Machining
of Cobalt-based Superalloy. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 142-147. ISSN 1213-2489.
Paper number: M20169
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Efficiency of Local Exhaust Ventilation System during Stainless Steel Grinding
Miroslav Dado1, Marián Schwarz2, Alena Očkajová3, Richard Hnilica1, Daniela Borošová4
1
Faculty of Environmental and Manufacturing Technology, Technical University in Zvolen. Studentska 26, 960 53 Zvolen. Slovak Republic. E-mail: dado@tuzvo.sk, hnilica@tuzvo.sk
2
Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen. T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen.
Slovak Republic. E-mail: schwarz@tuzvo.sk
3
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University. Tajovskeho 40, 974 01 Banska Bystrica. Slovak Republic. E-mail:
alena.ockajova@umb.sk
4
Department of Chemical Analysis, Regional Authority of Public Health. Cesta k nemocnici 1, 975 56 Banska Bystrica.
Slovak Republic. E-mail: daniela.borosova@vzbb.sk
In order to ensure acceptable level of risk associated with exposure to airborne dust they should have been mainly
technical and organisation measures at workplaces with enhanced occurance of dust. Local exhaust ventilation
(LEV) belongs to principal engineering control for prevention of airborne spreading. The aim of the study was to
assess the efficiency of LEV system used at mechanical workshop for controlling respirable fraction of dust during
stainless steel grinding activities. Dust control effectiveness was assessed by determining personal exposure levels
with and without the use of LEV system. Personal dust samples were collected using a photometer-type dust monitor. On the basis of results it can be concluded that LEV system significantly improved quality of workplace
atmosphere at given workplace.
Keywords: Stainless Steel, Grinding Dust, Local Exhaust Ventilation, Photometer
Acknowledgement
The authors wish to thank Mr. David Keďúch for his participation in the study and Mrs. Lucia Mrózová for her skilful
assistance in statistical analysis.
References
BROSSEAU, L. M., LUNGU, C. T. (2005). The nature and properties of workplace airborne contaminants. In:
Occupational Hygiene, 3rd ed. (K. Gardiner, (Ed.)), pp. 85 – 104. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.
CROSS, H. J., BEACH, L. S., SADHRA, S., SORAHAN, T., McROY, C. (1999). Manufacture, processing and
use of stainless steel: a review of the health effects. EUROFER, Bruxelles.
SANTONEN, T., STOCKMANN-JUVALA, H., ZITTING, A. (2010). Review on toxicity of stainless steel. Finish
Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki.
SR Government Ordinance No. 355/2006 Coll. on protection of employees against risks due to to exposure to
chemical factors at work as amended. In: Collection of Laws, Part 125, pp. 2550 – 2578. (in Slovak).
JANKOWSKI, T. (2011). Impact of air distribution on efficency of dust capture from metal grinding – bench
test method. In: Industrial Health, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 735 – 745.
GLINSKI, M. (2002). Dust emission and effiency of local exhaust ventilation during cast iron grinding. In: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 95 – 105.
CROTEAU, G. A., FLANAGAN, M. E., CAMP, J. E., SEIXAS, N. S. (2004). The efficacy of local exhaust ventilation for controlling dust exposures during concrete surface grinding. In: The Annals of Occupational Hygiene,
Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 509 – 518.
OJIMA, J. (2007). Efficiency of a tool-mounted local exhaust ventilation system for controlling dust exposure
during metal grinding operations. In: Industrial Health, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 817 – 819.
FLYNN, M. R., SUSI, P. Local exhaust ventilation for the control of welding fumes in the construction industry
– a literature review. In: The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Vol. 56, No. 7, pp. 764 – 776.
LIVERSEED, D. R., LOGAN, P. W., JOHNSON, C. E., MOREY, S. Z., RAYNOR, P. C. (2013). Comparative
emissions of random orbital sanding between conventional and self-generated vacuum systems. In: The Annals
of Occupational Hygiene, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 221 – 229.
ARMISHAW, P. (2003). Estimating measurement uncertainty in the afternoon. A case study in the practical application of measurement uncertainty. In: Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 8, Issue 5, pp. 218 – 224.
indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
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HOLEŠOVSKÝ, F., NÁPRSTKOVÁ, N., NOVÁK, M. (2012). GICS for grinding process optimization. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 22 – 26.
LUKÁČOVÁ, K., BADIDA, M., MORAVEC, M. (2011). Guidance for the assessment of exposure by inhalation to solid aerosols for comparison with limit value. In: Annals of Faculty of Engineering Hunedoar, Vol. 9,
No. 2, pp. 141 – 144.
FRANSMAN, W., SCHINKEL, J., MEIJSTER, T., VAN HEMMEN, J., TIELEMANS, E., GOEDE, H. Development and evaluation of an exposure control efficacy library (ECEL). In: The Annals of Occupational Hygiene,
Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 567 – 575.
Paper number: M201610
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Simulation Possibilities of 3D Measuring in Progressive Control of Production
Mário Drbúl1, Dana Stančeková1, Ondrej Babík1, Jozef Holubjak1, Ingrid Görögová2, Daniel Varga1
1
Katedra obrábania a výrobnej techniky, Strojnícka fakulta, Žilinská univerzita v Žiline Univerzitná1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovenská republika: mario.drbul@fstroj.uniza.sk, dana.stancekova@fstroj.uniza.sk, ondrej.babik@ fstroj.uniza.sk, jozef.holubjak@fstroj.uniza.sk
2
Materiálovotechnologická fakulta STU v Trnave, Ústav výrobných technológií, J. Bottu 23, 917 24 Trnava, Slovenská
republika: qgorogova@stuba.sk
The product price consists from several items. Time needed for adequate control of product is one of the most
significant items, which can get expensive. So it is important, how the measurement strategy (measurement plan)
is prepared. Time, which is not used for control of products by 3D measurement machine, is financial loss for
company. This article deals with simulation of contact measurement, as a progressive tool, for preparation and
creation of measurement plans for 3D coordinate measurement machines. Furthermore, the article deals with
factors, that are not taken into account by offline programming during creation of measurement plan. Those can
ultimately lead to significant difference between measurement simulation and measurement performed in
workspace of measurement machines or CNC machines. This difference can cause serious shortcomings in measurement plans created in offline programming modules.
Keywords: Off-line programming, simulation measurement, coordinate measuring machine, CAD model
Acknowledgement
This work was supported in part by the VEGA č. 1/0836/13.
References
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MEŠKO, J. - ZRAK, A. – MULCZYK, K. – TOFIL, S.: Microstructure analysis of welded joints after laser welding, In: Manufacturing Technology: journal for science, research and production, Vol. 14, No. 3 (2014), s. 355–
359. ISSN 1213-2489, Kód: ADM.
Paper number: M201611
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Gauge Block Calibration by Interferometry
Štěpánka Dvořáčková
Department of Machining and Assembly, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17
Liberec. Czech Republic. E-mail: stepanka.dvorackova@tul.cz
Absolute length calibration of gauge blocks traceable to the definition of meter is an important task of the national
metrology institutes responsible for providing reliable length artifacts for industrial use. The length of a gauge
block (henceforth, represented as GB) is defined in ISO 3650 as the distance between its one measuring face and
the surface of an auxiliary platen on which the other measuring face has been wrung. Accordingly, in central
length calibration of K-grade GBs using interferometry, it is required that they be wrung onto an auxiliary platen
whose characteristics are the same as the measuring face of the GBs. According to this definition, the length of a
GB consists of its mechanical length between two faces and the wringing film thickness. This definition is practical
and reasonable in many cases because GBs are used as length standards with wringing. Also this calibration
method has the advantage that the thickness of the wringing film is propagated appropriately when lower grade
GBs are calibrated by comparison to higher grade GBs via a mechanical comparator. In terms of this paper is
briefly described interferometry method of gauge blocks calibration. The paper was written in conjunction with
Czech Metrology Institute.
Keywords: Gauge Blocks, Measurement by Interferometry, Measurement Uncertainty.
Acknowledgement
This paper is related to the investigation on the Research Project TA03010663: Advanced systems for length calibration gauge blocks and surface inspection of end standards, which are supported by the Technological Agency of the
Czech Republic.
References
ISO3650 1998 Geometrical Product Specifications(GPS)—Length Standards—Gauge Blocks (Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization).
1984 Documents concerning the new definition of the meter Metrologia 19 163–77.
DECKER, J. E., PEKELSKY, J. R. (1997). Uncertainty evaluation for the measurement of gauge blocks by optical
interferometry, Metrologia 34 479–93.
HARIHARAN, P. (1992). Basics of Interferometry, (Academic Press, Inc., New York), Chapter 8.
LEWIS, A. J. (1994). Measurement of length, surface form and thermal expansion coefficient of length bars up to
1.5m using multiple–wavelength phase–stepping interferometry, Meas. Sci. Technol. 5 694–703.
HOWICK, E. F., WATKINS, L. R., TAN, S. M. (2003). Automation of a 1960s Hilger gauge block interferometer
Metrologia 40 139–45.
BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP and OIML 1995 Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
(Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization) (corrected and reprinted).
BONSCH, G. (1998). Gauge blocks as length standards measured by interferometry or comparison: length definition, traceability chain, and limitations, Proc. SPIE 3477 199–210.
DOIRON, T. D., EVERETT, D., FAUST, B. S., STANFIELD, E. S. STOUP, J. R. (1998). Case against optical
gauge block metrology, Proc. SPIE 3477 188–98.
DOIRON, T. (2008). Gauge blocks—a zombie technology, J. Res. Natl Inst. Stand. Technol. 113 175–84.
HUGHES, E. B. (1993). Measurement of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of gauge blocks by interferometry, Proc. SPIE 2088 179–89.
Paper number: M201612
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Mold Surface Contamination during Polymer Processing
Zdenek Dvorak1,2, Eva Hnatkova1,2, Michal Sedlacik1,2
1
Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275,
760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
2
Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech
Republic. E-mail: zdvorak@ft.utb.cz
The aim of this work is concerned with a problematic adhesion of polymer materials on the surface of processing
tools. Such phenomenon plays especially an important role in production of rubber components which creates an
additional and considerable costs associated with mold cleaning. However, the origin of contamination is still not
fully known yet. From production point of view, the attention should be paid to three fundamental aspects: processed material, material of processing tool, and processing conditions. This study describes the results of mold’s
surface contamination during processing a rubber compound in terms of material and surface treatment. A method of spectral analysis in terms of FTIR was used for proper examination of this problem.
Keywords: Rubber; Fouling; Contamination; Mold Surface; FTIR
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic - Program NPU I
(LO1504). This study was also supported by the internal grant of TBU in Zlin IGA/FT/2016/002 funded from the
resources of the specific university research. The authors would like also to thank Barbora Hanulikova for her help
with FTIR analysis.
References
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ŠPAČEK, J. (1987). Technologie gumárenská a plastikářská. Brno: VUT.
DUCHÁČEK, V., HRDLIČKA Z. (2009). Gumárenské suroviny a jejich zpracování, Praha: VŠCHT v Praze.
FORREST, M. J. (2001). Rubber Analysis: Polymers, Compounds and Products, Vol. 139, iSmithers Rapra
Publishing.
HORNSBY, P. R., SINGH, I., DALEY, J. R., FIRTH, J. (2006). Mould fouling of elastomers during injection
moulding. Plastics, rubber and composites, vol. 35(8), pp. 331-339.
HAVLÍČKOVÁ, K. (2014). Methods of Mold Cleaning from Vulcanized Residues. Master thesis, Zlín: UTB in
Zlín.
DAVIS, G. D. (1993). Contamination of surfaces: origin, detection and effect on adhesion. Surface and interface
analysis, 20(5), pp. 368-372.
HÁBA, J. (2015). Contamination of tool steels during rubber vulcanization. Master thesis, University of Tomas
Bata in Zlin.
ČERVINKA, M. (2015). Contamination and surface protection of molds made of aluminum alloys. Master thesis,
Zlín: UTB in Zlín.
DVOŘÁK, Z. (2011). Zpracovatelské procesy gumárenské: pro konstrukční směry. Zlín: UTB ve Zlíně.
INSTITUT GUMÁRENSKÉ TECHNOLOGIE A TESTOVÁNÍ ZLÍN (1996). Problematika špinění forem:
Studie o příčinách vzniku a možnostech jejího snížení. Zlin.
BUKHINA, M. F., MOROZOV, Y. L., Van de VEN, P. M., NOORDEMEER, J. W. M. (2003). Mould fouling of
EPDM rubber compounds. Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 56(4), pp. 172-183.
Paper number: M201613
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The Assessment of Tribiological Properties and the Condition of the Surface of Tool Steel for
Hot Work 55nicrmov6 Subjected to the Process of Friction
Krzysztof Dziedzic1, Jerzy Józwik2, Marcin Barszcz1
1
Fundamentals of Technology Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 38 Nadbystrzycka Street, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, e-mail:k.dziedzic@pollub.pl, m.barszcz@pollub.pl
2
Department of Production Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology,
36 Nadbystrzycka Street, 20-816 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: j.jozwik@pollub.pl
The paper presents the evaluation of tribiological properties and condition of the tool steel surface for hot work
55NiCrMoV6 (WNL). Due to the fact that the steel 55NiCrMoV6 is used for components operating at high temperature, the tribological tests were performed at the room temperature as well as higher temperature (150 °C).
The wear tests were performer with help of ball-on-disc tribotester, according to the standard ASTM G-99. The
applied load was 5 N and 20 N. The counter specimen consisted of balls with the diameter of 6 mm made of steel
100Cr6. Steel samples 55NiCrMoV6 undergone thermal improvement. The average hardness amounted to
57 HRC. The test was performed with the slip speed of the friction pair 0.15 m/s and sliding distance 200 m. During
the test, one registered the friction coefficient, frictional force, temperature and the depth of friction. Then, one
calculated the wear rate for the friction agents. The evaluation of friction was performed after tribiological tests.
For the load of 5 N the average friction coefficient in the room temperature amounted to µ=0.46. At the temperature of 150 °C it increased up to µ=0.69. The wear rate for the sample subjected to tests at room temperature was
3.618×10-5 mm3N-1m-1. At the temperature of 150 °C it increased up to 8.058×10-5 mm3N-1m-1. The maximum Herzian stress was 1.099 GPa.
For the load of 20 N an average friction coefficient at the room temperature was µ=0.69. At the temperature of 150 °C
the friction coefficient was µ=0.57. The wear rate for the sample subjected to tests at the room temperature amounted
to 2.136×10-5 mm3N-1m-1. At the temperature of 150 °C it increased up to 2.737×10-5 mm3N-1m-1. The maximum Herzian
stress was 1.741 GPa. The wear of the steel 55NiCrMoV6 increased with the increased temperature. It has been confirmed by application of two different loads. The basic wear consisted in abrasive wear.
Keywords: tribological properties, friction, tool steel for hot work 55NiCrMoV6, condition of the surface
References
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Paper number: M201614
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Ultrasonic Identification of Weld Defects Made by Electrofusion Welding on Plastic Pipelines
Martin Faturík, Miloš Mičian, Radoslav Koňár
University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technologies; E-mail: martin.faturik@fstroj.uniza.sk, milos.mician@fstroj.uniza.sk, radoslav.konar@fstroj.uniza.sk
In this article is described, how can ultrasonic method Phased Array be used for inspection of weld joints made by
electrofusion welding on plastic pipelines. For purpose of testing and to develop a proper setup, several artificially
made defects were created in the weld area to verify, if this method can be successfully used for this application,
since standards for testing of plastic pipelines have no specific regulation for this method. Therefore we are trying
to propagate this method for gas and water transport industry, because it can severely reduce risks of accidents
caused by unidentified defects, which can occur in welded joints.
Keywords: ultrasonic defectoscopy, phased array, plastic pipelines, gas industry
Acknowledgement
Article was created within project solution VEGA: 1/0836/13, KEGA: 034ZU-4/2015 a KEGA: 014ZU-4/2015.
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laser welding. In: Manufacturing technology: journal for science, research and production. - ISSN 1213-2489. Vol. 14, no. 3, s. 355-359.
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journal for science, research and production. - ISSN 1213-2489. - Vol. 14, no. 3, s. 428-431.
Paper number: M201615
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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The Effect of Beam Curvature on Bending Properties of Sandwich Structures
Ladislav Fojtl1,2, Sona Rusnakova1, Milan Zaludek1, Vladimir Rusnak3
Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín. Vavrečkova 275, 760 01
Zlín. Czech Republic. E-mail: fojtl@ft.utb.cz, rusnakova@ft.utb.cz, zaludek@ft.utb.cz
2
Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
3
Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33
Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic. E-mail: vladimir.rusnak@form-composites.com
1
Sandwich composites are well known for many years and its place among the construction materials have they
deserved mainly due to very good mechanical properties related to their weight. These materials have been a
subject for many researches, but very few of them were focused on the behavior of curved constructions in bend
with respect to their specific shape (curvature). With increasing number of new materials and resulting possible
material combinations, it is necessary to characterize performance of new prepared structures and also evaluate
the effect of a shape on the behavior of sandwich constructions with regard to their material composition. Presented paper deals with an investigation of flat and curved beams of sandwich structures, which correspond by
their material composition to those, used in transport industry. Specifically, the influence of curvature size on a
change of bending properties of structures with specific material composition compared to flat constructions is
evaluated. This influence is also investigated in terms of specimen clamping and type of bending test. Obtained
results showed that properties of sandwich structures are dependent not only on size of curvature, bud also on
core thickness. Moreover, these results can help designers, constructers or technologists with design, dimensioning
or production of these materials for specific applications.
Keywords: Sandwich structure, Beam, Curvature, Shape, Bending, Load capacity, Core, Prepreg
Acknowledgement
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this research by the internal grant of Tomas Bata University in Zlín No. Zlín No. IGA/FT/2016/002 funded from the resources of specific university research.
References
ZENKERT, D. (1997). Nordic Industrial Fund, The Handbook of Sandwich Construction, p. 447. EMAS Publishing, Worcestershire.
CAMPBELL, F. (2010). Structural Composite Materials, p. 612. ASM International, Ohio.
LEHMHUS D., BUSSE M., HERRMANN A., KAYVANTASH K. (2013). Structural Materials and Processes
in Transportation, p. 598. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, New York.
SUBA, O., SYKOROVA, L., LUKOVICS, I. (2012). Stress analysis of injection - moulded cylindrical parts reinforced with short fibres. In: Manufacturing technology. Vol 12, No. 13, pp. 251 – 254.
TOFT, G. (1983). Stresses in a curved laminated beam. In: Fibre Science and Technology, Vol. 19, Issue 4, pp.
243 – 267.
BABA, B.O., THOPPUL, S. (2009). Experimental evaluation of the vibration behavior of flat and curved sandwich
composite beams with face/core debond. In: Composite Structures, Vol. 91, pp. 110-119.
SMIDT, S. (1995). Bending of curved sandwich beams. In: Composite Structures. Vol. 33, pp. 211-225.
SMIDT, S. (1999). Bending of curved sandwich beams, a numerical approach. In: Composite Structures. Vol. 34,
pp. 279-290.
RUSNAKOVA, S., FOJTL, L., ZALUDEK, M., RUSNAK, V. (2014) Design of material composition and technology verification for composite front end cabs. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 14, Issue 4, pp. 607-611.
GIBSON L. J., ASHBY M. F. (1999). Cellular solids: structure and properties, p. 510. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Core materials, NetComposites. [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-10-17]. Available at: <http://www.netcomposites.com/guide/core-materials/>
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Technical
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[online].
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KAPPEL, E. (2015) Spring-in of curved CFRP/foam-core sandwich structures, In: Composite Structures. Vol.
128, pp. 155-164.
Paper number: M201616
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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Mold Surface Analysis after Injection Molding of Highly Filled Polymeric Compounds
Eva Hnatkova1,2, Daniel Sanetrnik1,2, Vladimir Pata1, Berenika Hausnerova1,2, Zdenek Dvorak1,2
1
Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275,
760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
2
Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
E-mail: ehnatkova@ft.utb.cz, dsanetrnik@ft.utb.cz, pata@ft.utb.cz, hausnerova@ft.utb.cz, zdvorak@ft.utb.cz
This work deals with an impact of abrasive particles used in powder injection molding (PIM) on a surface roughness of the tool. For this purpose, the surface of new mold cavity was compared with the same mold cavity after
2 000 injection molding cycles. Processed PIM compounds contained polymeric binder with around 60 vol. % of
metal or ceramic particles (0.1 up to 20 µm). Surface analysis was performed on cavity impressions prepared from
a special silicone imprinting substance in two directions by a 3D surface scanner. Investigated parameters were
surface roughness (Ra) and roughness depth (Rz) which have an influence on flow instabilities of highly filled
compounds such as wall slip affecting the final product quality. Obtained results showed a significant wear of the
mold cavity which was statistically confirmed by t-test and F-test parametric methods. A greater part of the mold
cavity was smoothed during injection of PIM compounds, while the surface roughness increased near the point
gate (runner system) probably due to a high injection pressure in this part of the mold.
Keywords: PIM, Cavity, Surface, Roughness, Wear
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic - Program NPU I
(LO1504). This study was also supported by the internal grant of TBU in Zlin IGA/FT/2016/002 funded from the
resources of the specific university research. The authors would like also to thank Lenka Chovanova for her help with
special imprints and contactless analysis.
References
GERMAN, R. M, BOSE, A. (1997). Injection Molding of Metals and Ceramics, Priceton, New Jersey.
HEANEY, D. F. (2012). Handbook of metal injection molding, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge.
GERMAN, R. M. (2011). Metal injection molding, A comprehensive MIM design guide, Princeton, NY.
HAUSNEROVA, B., SANETRNIK, D., PARAVANOVA, G. (2014). Slip of Highly Filled Powder Injection
Molding Compounds: Effect of Flow Channel Roughness, TOP 7th International conference, Times of Polymers
and Composites, Ischia, Italy.
HENEKA, J., PROKOP, J. , BORSTING, P. , PIOTTER, V., RITZHAUPT KLEISSL, H. J. (2011) Wear-effects
induced by powder injection molding of zirconia feedstocks, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on
Multi-Material Micro Manufacture, Stuttgart, Germany.
HAUSNEROVA, B., SANETRNIK, D., PONIZIL, P. (2013). Surface structure analysis of injection molded
highly filled polymer melts, Polymer composites, vol. 34 (9), pp. 1553–1558.
JIRANEK, L. (2010). Testing mold design for investigation of powder-binder separation during powder injection
molding, Master thesis, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Czech Republic.
PATA, V., RAHULA J., SYKOROVA, L., ZAPLETALOVA, A., KNEDLOVA, J. (2014). Scanning and
Evaluation of Biological Surface Using the Technique of Rapid Prototyping, Applied Mechanics and Materials,
vol. 693, pp 256-260.
Paper number: M201617
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February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Use of Overlaying Technology in Area of Increasing Ploughshares Service Life
Petr Hrabě, Miroslav Müller, Petr Novák
Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Czech Republic. E-mail: hrabe@tf.czu.cz, muller@tf.czu.cz, novak@tf.czu.cz.
A soil processing belongs among basic steps in an area of a crop farming. The research was focused on increasing
a service life of ploughshares by an overlaying technology. The research within field conditions was focused on
innovations of ploughshares in the area of a conventional processing of the soil by means of the overlaying technology. A new functional profile was created by means of overlaying electrodes on the conventional tool in order
to respect drainage of the processed soil, i.e. oblique overlays. The overlaying material was put in the most stressed
places of the ploughshare, i.e. parallel with a face and an edge and these both in a front as well as in a back part.
New functional surface was distinguished for a reinforcement of a top of the ploughshare edge and the back part
of the ploughshare. Overlaying material was of carbide type OK Tubrodur 15.82. Within the tools service life
testing under the field conditions the change of the tools shape and their mass loss were investigated. Statistical
methods were used for evaluating of the experiments.
Keywords: soil, abrasive wear, functional surface, overlaying material
Acknowledgement
This paper has been done when solving the grant IGA TF.
References
MÜLLER, M., VALÁŠEK, P. (2012). Abrasive wear effect on Polyethylene, Polyamide 6 and polymeric particle
composites. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 55-59.
PETRÁSEK, S., MÜLLER, M. (2014). Setting of Angle of Soil Flow on Ploughshare at traditional Processing of
Soil. In: Manufacturing technology, Vol. 14, No 3, pp. 407-412.
KIM, S., SON, K. J., YANG, Y.S., YARAGADA, P.K.D. (2003). Sensitivity analysis for process parameters in
GMA welding processes using a factorial design method. In: International Journal of Machina Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 43, pp. 763-769.
VOTAVA, J., ČERNY, M., FILÍPEK, J. (2007). Abrasive wear of ploughshare blades made of Austempered Ductile Iron. In: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 173-182.
LIŠKA, J., FILÍPEK, J. (2012). The resistance of ledeburitic tool steels against the abrasive wear. In: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 231-242.
LEGÁT, V., JURČA, V., ALEŠ, Z. (2011). Contribution to plough shares and chisels useful life optimization. In:
Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 73-78.
NOVÁK, P., MÜLLER, M., HRABĚ, P. (2015). Application of overlaying material on surface of ploughshare for
increasing its service life and abrasive wear resistance. In: Agronomy Research, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 158-166.
NOVÁK, P., MÜLLER, M., HRABĚ, P. (2014). Research of material and constructional solution in area of conventional soil processing. In: Agronomy Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 143-150.
KEJVAL, J., MÜLLER, M. (2013). Mechanical properties of multi-component polymeric composite with particles
of Al2O3/SiC. In: Scienty Agriculturae Bohemica, Vol. 4, pp. 237-242.
VALÁŠEK, P. (2014). Mechanical properties of epoxy resins filled with waste rubber powder. In: Manufacturing
Technology, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 632-637.
DOUBEK, P., FILÍPEK, J. (2011). Abrasive and erosive wear of technical materials. In: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 13-21.
HRABĚ, P., MÜLLER, M. (2013). Research of overlays influence on ploughshare lifetime. In: Research in Agricultural Engineering, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 147-152.
NATIS, A., PETROPOULOS, G., PANDAZARAS, C. (2008). The influence of soil type, soil water and share
sharpness of a mouldboard plough on energy consumption, rate of work and tillage quality. In: Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 171-176.
Paper number: M201618
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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New Application of Powder Injection Molded Product in Medical Field
Jakub Huba1,2, Daniel Sanetrnik1,2, Eva Hnatkova1,2, Berenika Hausnerova1,2, Zdenek Dvorak1,2
1
Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275,
760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
2
Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
E-mail: jhuba@ft.utb.cz, dsanetrnik@ft.utb.cz, ehnatkova@ft.utb.cz, hausnerova@ft.utb.cz, zdvorak@ft.utb.cz
Nowadays, majority part of powder injection molding (PIM) market in Europe consists in automotive (43 %). In
contrast, to medical applications only 13 % of market is devoted. This paper is focused on a new design and production technology of the adenoid cutting curette used in otorhinolaryngology. In the theoretical part, the present
design issues of the cutting curette are shown, and time consumption and wear problems of sterilisation are
described. Experimental part consists in selection of suitable metal powder for medical application, computeraided engineering (CAE) Moldflow analysis of proper gating system followed by construction of injection mold
and production of real samples. The new design of replaceable cutting edge is easily customized according to various shapes of patient oral cavity and for doctor’s need.
Keywords: PIM, Adenoid, Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Device, Curette.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic - Program NPU I
(LO1504). This study was also supported by the internal grant of TBU in Zlin IGA/FT/2016/002 funded from the resources of the specific university research. The authors would like also to thank MUDr. Vladimir Zlinsky who works
for Otolaryngology Clinics, Trida T. Bati 3929, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic for his collaboration, consultations and
professional medical advices.
References
GERMAN, R. M, BOSE, A. (1997). Injection Molding of Metals and Ceramics. Priceton, New Jersey.
HEANEY, D. F. (2012). Handbook of metal injection molding. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge.
GERMAN, R. M. (2011) Metal injection molding, A comprehensive MIM design guide. Princeton, NY.
RAK, Z. S. (1999). New trends in powder injection moulding. Powder metallurgy and metal ceramics, vol. 38(4),
pp.126-132.
HAUSNEROVA, B. (2011). Powder Injection Molding – An Alternative Processing Method for Automotive
Items, New Trends and Developments in Automotive Systems Engineering, pp. 130-146.
HAUSNEROVA, B., SANETRNIK, D., PONIZIL, P. (2013). Surface structure analysis of injection molded
highly filled polymer melts, Polymer Composites, Vol. 34, pp. 1553–1558.
GASBARRE, T.G., JANDESCA, W.F. (1989). Advances in Powder Metallurgy, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ.
HAUSNEROVA, B., MARCANIKOVA, L., FILIP, P., SAHA P. (2011). Optimization of powder injection molding of feedstock based on aluminium oxide and multicomponent water-soluble polymer binder. Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 51(7), pp. 1376-1382.
RATNER, B. D. (2004). Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. Academic Pres, Amsterdam.
WILLIAMS, N. (2012). PM2012 World Congress: Special Interest Seminar Reveals Strong Global Growth for
PIM, with Asia Leading the Way. Powder injection moulding international, vol. 6(4), p.47.
SIDAMBE, A. T., FIGUERO, I. A., HAMILTON, H. G. C., TODD, I. (2012). Metal injection moulding of CP-Ti
components for biomedical applications, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 212(7), pp.1591-1597.
NEWELL, M. A., DAVIES, H. A., MESSER, P. F., GREENSMITH, D. J. (2005). Metal injection moulding of
scissors using hardenable stainless steel powders, Powder metallurgy, vol. 48(3), pp.227-230.
Paper number: M201619
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
The Use of 3x3 Matrix to Evaluate a Manufacturing Technology of Aluminium Systems for
Building Industry
Manuela Ingaldi, Stanisław Borkowski, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar, Piotr Sygut
Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management, Institute of Production Engineering
al. Armii Krajowej 19b, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland, E-mail: manuela@gazeta.pl, bork@zim.pcz.pl, klimt@wip.pcz.pl,
piotr.sygut.wz@gmail.com
Different types of aluminium systems are popular in building industry. Manufacturing technology of such products is a very important factor influencing the final result of production and hence the cost of production. Good
quality of these systems results in good quality of investment where they are used. There is big competition on
aluminium system market. The product competition decides about the existence of the manufacturer on the market. Therefore, it was decided to use the 3x3 matrix to evaluation manufacturing technology of aluminium systems
produced by chosen Polish company for building industry. This matrix can be easily used to evaluate the technology of any aluminium products. From the analysis presented in the paper it results that the research company is
located in area 9 of the 3x3 matrix, i.e. "Search for occasions", and the factors which decided about this position
were evaluated by staff at the medium level.
Keywords: aluminium systems, technology possibilities, product competition, 3x3 matrix
References
KLIMECKA-TATAR, D. (2014). The Powdered Magnets Technology Improvement by Biencapsulation Method
and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol.14, No. 1, pp.30-36.
SYGUT, P., LABER, K., BORKOWSKI, S. (2012). Investigation of the non-uniform temperature distribution on
the metallic charge length during round bars rolling process. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No. 13, pp.
260-263.
KARDAS, E. (2010). A technical and economic analysis of pig iron production. In: Materials Science Forum,
Vol. 638-642, pp. 3291-3296.
KOTUS, M., HOLOTA, T., PAULIČEK, T., PETRÍK, M., SKLENÁR, M. (2013). Quality and reliability of manufacturing process in automation of die-casting. In: Advanced Materials Research, vol. 801, special iss., pp 103107.
LESTYÁNSZKA ŠKŮRKOVÁ, K.; KUDIČOVÁ, J. (2011). The process capability study of pressing process for
force closed. In: Vedecké práce MtF STU v Bratislave so sídlom v Trnave. Research papers Faculty of Materials
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BORKOWSKI, S., CZAJKOWSKA, A. (2010). Analysis of the Structure of Downtime Affecting the Level of
Non-Conforming Products in Die Casting. In: International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering,
Vol.15, No 2, pp.557-562.
KADŁUBEK, M. (2014). Identification of the Distribution Structure in Chosen Metallurgical Enterprise. In:
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TANGER.
LOWE, P. (1995). Management of Technology: Perception and Opportunities. London: Chapman & Hall.
INGALDI, M. (2014). Use of the SWOT ANALYSIS and 3x3 matrix to determine the technological position of
the chosen metal company. In: Acta Metallurgica Slovaca - Conference, Vol.4, 2014. pp. 1338-1660.
BORKOWSKI, S., INGALDI, M. (2013). Workers Evaluations of Ribbed Wire Competition and Rolling Mill
Technological Possibilities. In: METAL 2013: 22nd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials. pp.
1920-1925. Ostrava: TANGER.
INGALDI, M., BORKOWSKI, S. (2013). Management of the Technical Possibilities and Product Competition in
the Market in the Chosen Company. In: Nauka i obrazovanie transportu. Materialy VI Mezdunarodnoj naucnoprakticeskoj konferencii, posvascennoj 40-letiu Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta putej soobscenia. 5-7
noabra 2013 g. p. 104-107. Samara. Pub. Samara: SamGUPS.
Paper number: M201620
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
The Influence of Nucleating Agents and Process Parameters on Phase Structure of Isotactic
Polypropylene and its Copolymer with 3% Ethylene
Josef Jakubíček1, Martina Hřibová1, Jaroslav Kučera2, Milena Kubišová1
1
Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Technology, Vavrečkova 275,760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic. E-mail: Jjakubicek@ft.utb.cz
2
Polymer Institute Brno s.r.o., Tkalcovská 36/2, 656 49 Brno, Czech Republic, E-mail: Jaroslav.kucera@polymer.cz
The homopolymer of the isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and the random copolymer of the isotactic polypropylene
and 3% ethylene (iPPE) were used in this study. Isotactic polypropylene can be prepared in α, β and γ morphological phases depending on its crystallization conditions. The phase β content has a strong influence on mechanical,
optical and thermal properties. The samples with nucleating agents (NA) α and β were used. Various process
parameters were used to prepare melted samples: two thicknesses and three different cooling regimes. Wide-angle
X-ray scattering (WAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the phase structure.
The results show that iPP without nucleation agents (4mm, <1°C /min) has the highest crystallinity (83.7%). The
sample of iPP with β-NA (4mm, <1°C /min) has the highest phase β (61.3%); the slower cooling regime and the
higher thickness increased the crystallinity (73.3%). iPPE with β-NA (0.4mm, 15°C /min) has the lower amount of
the phase β (33.8%); the higher thickness and slower cooling regime decreased the amount of the phase β (7.1%)
however the crystalline content of iPPE (63.7%) is increased.
Keywords: nucleation, isotactic polypropylene, crystallization
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by a grant from the internal TBU IGA / FT / 2016/005 and financed from funds for specific
academic research.
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40–51
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[J. KANG, J. LI, S. CHEN, S. ZHU, H. LI, Y. CAO, F. YANG, M. XIANG. (2013). Hydrogenated petroleum
resin effect on the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130 (1), 25–38.
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E 3 (2), 185–194.
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Polypropylene on Equil. Melting Temperature and Crystall. Behavior. Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
SHANKS, R. A., TIGANIS B. E: Nucleating agents for thermoplastics, Plastics aditived: An A-Z Reference, Chapman & Hall, London, 1998, ISBN 0 412 72720 X
KARGER-KOCSIS, J.: Polypropylene – An A-Z Reference, Kluwer Publishers, Dordrecht.1999
ELIAS, H. G.: An introduction to plastics - 2nd completely rev. ed.: Wiley-VCH, 2003, 387 s. ISBN 3-527-296026
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and Noncrystalline Solids, N. B. Hannay, ed., Plenum, New York, 1976 Chap. 7
BRUCKNER, S., PHILLIPS, P.J., MEZGHANI, K., MEILLE, S.V. (1997). On the crystallization of ɣ-isotactic
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of isotactic polypropylene and β-isotactic polypropylene, Polymer 51 (1), 249–256.
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Q. LU, Q. DOU. (2009). β-Crystal formation of isotactic polypropylene induced by N,N0- dicyclohexylsuccinamide, J. Polym. Res. 16 (5), 555–560.
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1949–1961. doi:10.1002/app.1985.070300513
Paper number: M201621
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Optimizing Management of the Measurement System of the Technological Process
Dana Jenčuráková, Rudolf Palenčár
Institute of automation, measurement and applied informatics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovak University of
Technology in Bratislava, Námestie Slobody 17, 812 31 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, E-mail: dana.jencurakova@gmail.com, rudolf.palencar@stuba.sk
The present contribution represents the analysis and optimizing management of the measurement system of the
technological process of pressing. It has been chosen the combination of appropriate methods for achieving the
objective to minimize the cost of quality assurance of the measurement process by means its management. The
quality of the measurement process has been verified by the reference standard (etalon). The optimization of evaluation measurement has been searched by utilizing QFD method (Quality Function Deployment). The subsequent
optimization has been implemented by the taking into account the results of the use of the control charts and the
deployment of QFD method and Kalman filter.
Keywords: Measurement System, Control Chart, QFD Method, Kalman Filter, Management, Quality, Optimization
Acknowledgement
The paper was supported by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
grant from Grant Agency VEGA, project No. 1/0604/15 and No. 1/0748/15 and grant from Grant Agency KEGA,
project No. 014STU-4/2015.
References
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MONTGOMERY, D. C. (1991). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. John Wiley, New York.
FRANCESCHINI, F. (2001). Advanced Quality Function Deployment. CRP Press, New York.
FICALORA, J. P., COHEN, L. (2009). Quality Function Deployment and Six Sigma. Prentice Hall, New York.
ISO 3534-2:2006. Statistics -- Vocabulary and symbols -- Part 2: Applied statistics.
JCGM 100:2008. GUM 1995 with minor corrections. Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression
of uncertainty in measurement.
SIMON, D. (2006). Optimal State Estimation: Kalman, H Infinity and Nonlinear Approaches. Wiley, New York.
WILLSKY, A. S. (1976). A Survey of Design Methods for Failure Detection in Dynamic Systems. In: Automatica, Vol. 12, pp. 601-611. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
JAZWINSKI, A. H. (1969). Adaptive filtering. In: Automatica, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 475–485. [Online]. Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(69)90109-5.
Paper number: M201622
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February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Vibration of Thin Walls during Cutting Process of 7075 T651 Aluminium Alloy
Jerzy Józwik1, Dariusz Mika2, Krzysztof Dziedzic3
1
Department of Production Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 36Nadbystrzycka Street, 20-816 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: j.jozwik@pollub.pl
2
The State School of Higher Education, The Institute of Technical Sciences and Aviation, 54Pocztowa Street, 22-100
Chełm, Poland, e-mail: dmika@pwsz.chelm.pl
3
Fundamentals of Technology Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 38Nadbystrzycka Street, 20-618 Lublin, Poland,
e-mail: k.dziedzic@pollub.pl
The subject of this study is the analysis of vibrations induced during milling of a thin-walled element.
The milling was performed with a 2-flute custom end mill for machining Al alloys (FENES, 12x22x80-45°W-Z2),
diameter d=12 mm. The rectangular 7075-T651 aluminium alloy workpiece of the following original dimensions:
120x60x12, was machined in a DMG MORI DMU 65 MonoBLOCK 5-axis milling machine. The vibrations of the
aluminium alloy test plate were identified with Siemens LMS Scadas Mobile system and LMS Test Lab software.
A PCB Piezotronics triaxial ICP accelerometer (model 356B21), offering sensitivity of 10mV/g, was employed. The
sampling frequency was 11.5 kHz. The first stage consisted in measuring the vibration levels of the sample, in the
function of its thickness and federate vf, at constant technological parameters of machining. The feed vf was set to
1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000mm/min, the depth of cut ap =2mm, the cutting speed was constant and equal to vc =
150.7 m/min (n=4000rev/min). The wall thickness b of samples was equal to: 30mm – reference sample and 11, 9,
7, 5, 3mm – test samples. The vibration signal was measured by two sensors attached to the surface of the sample
in two extreme positions on the sample: point P1 and point P2.
Keywords: Cutting Process, Aluminium Alloy, Vibration, Chatter, Thin-Walls
References
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JÓZWIK, J., KOBYŁKA, M. (2011). Badanie wpływu parametrów geometrycznych kieszeni prostokątnej oraz
warunków realizacji procesu skrawania na drgania podczas frezowania trochoidalnego. In: Postępy Nauki i Techniki / Advances in Science and Technology, No 8, pp. 37-44. Lublin.
JEMIELNIAK, K., WYPYSIŃSKI, R. (2013). Symulacja numeryczna drgań samowzbudnych – przegląd metod,
możliwości i potencjalnych korzyści. In: Mechanik, No 8-9, suplement - wersja elektroniczna, pp. 43-56, Warszawa.
JÓZWIK, J. (2011). Modelowanie ugięć sprężystych przedmiotów obrabianych w procesie skrawania toczeniem.
In: Postępy Nauki i Techniki/Advances in Science and Technology, nr 8, pp.183-191. Lublin.
JÓZWIK, J. (2014). Analiza ruchu podczas obróbki frezarskiej przedmiotów cienkościennych z zastosowaniem
wizyjnego systemu pomiarowego 3D. In: Mechanik, No 8-9, pp. 551-562. Warszawa.
JÓZWIK, J., FILIPIAK, P. (2009). Analysis of feedrate correction influence on corner radius errors of workpieces
during milling. In: Journal of Machine Engineering, vol. 9, No 1, 66-77.
KĘCIK, K., RUSINEK, R., WARMINSKI, J. (2013). Modelling of high-speed milling process with frictional
effect. In: Journal of Muti-body Dynamics, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K,
vol.1(1), pp. 3-11.
KUCZMASZEWSKI, J., PIEŚKO, P. (2014). Wear of milling cutters resulting from high silicon aluminium alloy
cast AISi21 CuNi machining. In: Maintenance and Reliability, No 1, vol. 16, 37-41, Warszawa.
KUCZMASZEWSKI, J., Zaleski, K. (2015). Obróbka skrawaniem stopów aluminium i magnezu, Politechnika
Lubelska. Lublin.
MÜLLER, M., LEBEDEV, A., SVOBODOVÁ, J., NÁPRSKOVÁ, N., LEBEDEV, P. (2014). Abrasive-free Ultrasonic Finishing of Metals. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 14, No. 3, ISSN 1213–2489. Usti nad Labem.
Müller, M. (2015). Research on Constructional Shape of Bond at Connecting Galvanized Sheet of Metal. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, No. 3, ISSN 1213–2489. Usti nad Labem.
RUSINEK, R. (2010). Vibrations In Cutting Process Of Titanium Alloy. In: Maintenance and Reliability, No 3,
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RUSINEK, R. WARMIŃSKI, J., SZABELSKI, K. (2006). Drgania nieliniowe w procesie skrawania toczeniem.
In: Monografia. IZT Sp.z. o., Lublin.
SŁODKI, B., ZĘBALA, W. (2009). Stanowisko do rejestracji obrazów szybkozmiennych w procesach skrawania.
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Uniwersytetu Technologiczno – Przyrodniczego, pp. 215-220. Bydgoszcz,
SVOBODOVÁ, J, KRAUS, P., MÜLLER, M., LEBEDEV, A., YUROV, A., LEBEDEV, P. (2015). Influence of
Cutting Fluid on Abrasive – Free Ultrasonic Finishing of Aluminium Alloy. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol.
15, No 4, ISSN 1213–2489. Usti nad Labem.
CHRUŚCIELSKI, G. (2012). Wpływ anizotropii po walcowaniu na odporność na pękanie materiału AW 7075T651. In: Postępy Nauki i Techniki / Advances in Science and Technology, No 12, pp. 19-27. Lublin.
Paper number: M201623
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February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
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ISSN 1213–2489
Continuous Production of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Nanofibers
Pavel Kejzlar1, Radovan Kovář2
1
Department of Preparation and Analysis of Nanostructures; Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and
Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic. Email: pavel.kejzlar@tul.cz
2
Department of Machinery Construction; Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical
University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic. Email: radovan.kovar@tul.cz
Titanium dioxide in its anatase allotropic modification is well known for its photovoltaic and photocatalytic activity. Through a modification of Nanospider™ device it was achieved a continuous production of nanocrystaline
anatase nanofibers. These inorganic fibres have a huge specific surface area due to their fine diameter and
structure and thus offer a promising potential in many applications. In this article it is described the device allowing continuous production of inorganic TiO2 nanofibers by the use of electrospinning process and optimization
of following calcination process leading to obtaining of almost pure nanocrystaline anatase structure.
Keywords: Anatase, Electrospinning, Nanofiber, NanospiderTM, Photocatalysis, Structure
Acknowledgement
The results of this project LO1201 were obtained with co-funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports
as part of targeted support from the "Národní program udržitelnosti I" programme.
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IBÁÑEZ, J. A., LITTER, M. I., PIZARRO, R. A. (2003). Photocatalytic bactericidal effect of TiO2 on enterobacter
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RAMAKRISHNA, S. (2005). An introduction to electrospinning and nanofibers. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific.
LUKAS, D. et al. (2009). Physical principles of electrospinning (Electrospinning as a nano-scale technology of
the twenty-first century). In: Textile Progress, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 59-140.
JIRSÁK O. et al. (2005), CZ Patent, CZ294274 (B6), A, Method of nanofibers production from polymer solution
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PETRŮ, M., NOVÁK, O., LEPŠÍK, P. (2012). Increase of the efficiency of the production lines for the spinning
of inorganic nanofibers by the electrostatic field intensity optimization. In: MM Science Journal, No. 4, pp. 382385.
KOVÁŘ, R. (2012).Ways to Pull Down Spinning Nanofibersfrom the Rotating Brush in High Voltage Area. In:
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Paper number: M201624
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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Deformation of Aluminium Thin Plate
Frantisek Klimenda1, Josef Soukup1, Milan Zmindak2
1
Faculty of Production Technology and Management, University of J. E. Purkyne in Usti nad Labem. Pasteurova 3334/7,
400 01 Usti nad Labem. Czech Republic. E-mail: klimenda@fvtm.ujep.cz, soukupj@fvtm.ujep.cz
2
Faculty of Material Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26, Slovak Republic, E-mail: milan.zmindak@fstroj.uniza.sk
The article is deals by an introduction to the theory of impact load for thin plates. This is the plates that are
characterized by a structure which is bounded by upper and lower surface plane. These surfaces are spaced by a
distance h, which is substantially smaller in comparison which other dimensions of the plate (a × b). The impact
causes a deformation of the plate which is vibrated. The deformation is only within the limits of Hook's law. Therefore there is not permanent deformation of the plate. In the plate is induced shear stress, bending stress and
shear forces. The second part of the article is focused on the numerical solution of thin isotropic aluminium plate
which is made from AL 99.9. This plate has a dimension of 100 × 100 × 2 mm. It was solved the deformation of the
plate after the impact load which were produced in the centre of the plate by FEM in software ADINA. By results
was a graph of the deformation, velocity and acceleration of response wave in the material.
Keywords: Isotropic material, Stress, Deformation, Vibration
Acknowledgement
The research work is supported by the SGS – UJEP, Czech Republic.
References
KLIMENDA, F. (2015). Ráz a přenos impulzu v tenké desce, Odborná studie ke státní doktorské zkoušce, FVTM
UJEP Ústí nad Labem
ŽMINDÁK, M., PELAGIC, Z., SOUKUP, J. (2014). Response of composite plates reinforced by undirectional
fibers to ballistic loads. In. Sborník příspěvků na CD ROM z XII. Mezinárodní konference Dynamika tuhých a
deformovatelných těles 2014, FVTM UJEP v Ústí nad Labem, ISBN 978-80-7414-749-4
SOUKUP, J., SKOČILAS, J., SKOČILASOVÁ, B., RYCHLÍKOVÁ, L. (2014). Motion Equations Isotropic and
Orthotropic Plate by Elastic Rod. Jurnal of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 393-401. L&H Scientific
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SOUKUP, J., ZMINDAK, M., SKOCILAS, J., RYCHLIKOVA, L.(2014) Application of Mesh-free Methods in
Transient Dynamic Analysis of Orthotropic Plates, Manufacturing technology, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp 441-447, ISSN
1213-2489
ZMINDAK, M., PELAGIC, Z., SOUKUP, J. (2015). Analysis of Fiber Orientation Influence to Dynamic Properties of Composite Structures, Manufacturing technology, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp 490-494, ISSN 1213-2489
Paper number: M201625
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February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Indirect Measurement of Effective Throat Thickness in T-joint Weld by Ultrasonic Method
Phased Array
Radoslav Konar1, Michal Sventek2, Miroslav Bucha3
1
Department of Technological Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1,
010 26 Zilina. Slovak Republic. E-mail: radoslav.konar@fstroj.uniza.sk,
2
MONT IRP s.r.o., Oceliarska 2, 010 01 Zilina, Slovak Republic. E-mail: msventek@montirp.com
3
SPP-distribucia, a.s., Levicka 9, 950 54 Nitra, Slovak Republic. E-mail: miroslav.bucha@spp-distribucia.sk
The article deals with non-destructive measurement of the effective throat thickness of fillet weld with deep penetration in T-joint. Ultrasonic Phased Array technology is used to indirectly measurement of effective weld throat
thickness. Phased Array ultrasonic systems utilise multi-element probes, which are individually excited under
computer control. By exciting each element in a controlled manner, a focused beam of ultrasound can be generated.
Software enables the beam to be steered. Two and three dimensional views can be generated showing the sizes and
locations of any flaws detected. The results of Phased Array ultrasonic measurements are compared with the real
results obtained from the real macrostructural analysis. The methodology is appropriate for verifying compliance
with the design weld throat thickness in the production of steel structures.
Keywords: Ultrasonic testing, T-joint, Phased Array
Acknowledgement
This work has been supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic,
grant VEGA: 1/0836/13, KEGA: 034ZU-4/2015 and KEGA: 014ZU-4/2015.
References
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Theoretical foundations. pp. 772. CRC Press, New York.
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DOPJERA, D., MICIAN, M. (2014). The Detection of Artificially Made Defects in Welded Joint with Ultrasonic
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Ústi nad Labem.
VRZGULA, P., FATURÍK, M., MICIAN, M. (2014). New Inspection Technologies for Identification of Failure
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MORAVEC, J., BRADAC, J., NOVAKOVA, I. (2014) Ways of numerical prediction of austenitic grain size in
heat-affected zone of welds. In: 7th International Conference on Innovative Technologies for Joining Advanced
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KONAR, R., MICIAN, M. (2014). Non-destructive testing of welds in gas pipelines repairs with Phased Array
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Labem.
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Paper number: M201626
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Inserts Coating Influence on Residual Stress of Turned Outer Bearings
Marek Kordik1, Jozef Struharnansky1, Anton Martikan1, Dana Stancekova1, Sylvia Kusmierczak2, Juraj Martinček1
1
University of Zilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Univerzitna 1, 010 26, Zilina, Slovak Republic, E-mail:
mrek.kordik@fstroj.uniza.sk,
jozef.struharnansky@fstroj.uniza.sk,
anton.martikan@fstroj.uniza.sk,
dana.stancekova@fstroj.uniza.sk,
2
J.E.Purkyně Univerzity, Faculty of Production Technology and Management, Ústí nad Labem, CZ, E-mail: kusmierczak@fvtm.ujep.cz
Residual stresses significantly affect the life of parts material, especially in bearing manufacturing, where the stress
introduced into the material in the manufacturing process affect the component throughout its whole operating
life. It is therefore important to know the size and orientation of these stresses and to optimize the production
process of the bearing rings, in order to eliminate as many of these undesirable stresses. The subject of the article
is chosen at demand of practice and has to correlate coating cutting tool for residual stress and microstructure in
turning the outer bearing rings made of material 1.3520, which is widely used in bearing production. Turning
cutting tool WNMG 080408E-M was used with two different coatings. We conducted measurements on a X-ray
diffractometer. We measured normal stress parameter and the FWHM (full width half maximum at), which is
decisive, and it is related to the grain size of the material. We found that the residual axial stress approaching the
zero value, depending on the etched layer.
Keywords: residual stresses, bearing rings, coatings, inserts
Acknowledgement
The article was funded by the grant project VEGA 1/0773/12 - “Implementation of technical ceramic material research
to increase the innovation of hybrid products”.
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SADÍLEK, M., KRATOCHVÍL, J., PETRŮ, J.,CEP, R., ZLÁMAL, T., STANČEKOVÁ, D. (2014) Cutting tool
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Paper number: M201627
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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February 2016, Vol. 16, No. 1
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Deformation of Print PLA Material Depending on the Temperature of Reheating Printing
Pad
Jan Krotký, Jarmila Honzíková, Pavel Moc
Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, 306 14 Pilsen.
Czech Republic. E-mail: conor@kmt.zcu.cz, jhonziko@kmt.zcu.cz, ok1tav@icloud.com
The article presents results of research in the field of prototyping – 3D printing. The authors are focused on polylactic acid material known by the abbreviation PLA, which is widely used in 3D printing method to produce objects. The tech-nology of successive layering of plastics and its solidification causes states of tension in printed
objects and subsequently their deformation. That may even lead to torn the object from the print pad. The article
deals with dimensions of the deformations at the specimen just in dependence on heating of the print pad. The
authors also suggest a compromise solution between excessive deformation of underlying layers and therefore
proportional change of physical dimensions of the object and low adhesion of the object to the underlying heating
bed, which can be seen as cut off the object during the printing process as mentioned.
Keywords: 3D print, FDM, PLA, Polylactic acid, Warping, Deformation, Heated bed
Acknowledgement
Special thanks to Prof. Ing. Vaclav Pilous, Dr.Sc. for methodology of material research and Mgr. Jan Fadrhonc and
Mgr. Jan Král for the possibility of a technical solution experimental system.
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1, Krishi Sanskriti Publications, s. 10 – 13.
TIAN-MING, W., JUN-TONG, X., YE, J. (2006). A model research for prototype warp deformation in the FDM
process. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, roč. 33, č. 11, Springer-Verlag, London, s. 1087 – 1096.
MOC, P. (2015). Influence Washers Temperature of 3D Printers on Print Quality. Proceedings of Technologies
Contest Pilsen 2015, roč. 2015, č. 1, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Pilsen, s. 222 – 225.
Paper number: M201628
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
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Metallography of 3D Printed 1.2709 Tool Steel
Ludmila Kučerová, Ivana Zetková
RTI, UWB in Pilsen, Universitni 8, 30614 Pilsen, Czech Republic. E-mail: skal@rti.zcu.cz, zetkova@rti.zcu.cz
3D printing is a new and advanced technology of material processing, which belongs to additive manufacturing
process. Products with complex geometries can be produced quickly with high precision from powder materials
on the base of a CAD-model. Layers of powder particles are successively molten by laser beam. There are several
metallographic issues connected with 3D printed microstructures. Laser beam processing is usually accompanied
with high heating and cooling rates and therefore also with high thermal gradients. This is the reason why nonequilibrium phases and structural components can occur in the final microstructure. The microstructure could be
also finer in comparison with the one produced by standard manufacturing methods. Porosity of the final microstructure is also an important factor, as it might deteriorate mechanical properties of the product. Thorough
metallographic analysis of 3D printed materials is therefore necessary to ensure high quality of final components.
Keywords: 3D print, metallography, tool steel
Acknowledgement
The present contribution has been prepared under project LO1502 ‘Development of the Regional Technological Institute‘ under the auspices of the National Sustainability Programme I of the Ministry of Education of the Czech
Republic aimed to support research, experimental development and innovation.
References
SHELLABEAR, M., NYRHILA, O. (2004). DMLS-Development History And State Of The Art. In: Proceedings
of the 4th LANE 2004, Sept. 22.-24.
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manufacturing of stainless steel. In: Proceedings of the 37th International MATADOR Conference. Springer-Verlag New York.
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YASA E., KEMPEN K., KRUTH J.-P., THIJS L., Van HUMBEECK J. (2010). Microstructure and mechanical
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Paper number: M201629
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Influence of Nb Micro-alloying on TRIP Steels Treated by Continuous Cooling Process
Ludmila Kučerová, Hana Jirková, Bohuslav Mašek,
RTI, UWB in Pilsen, Universitni 8, 30614 Pilsen, Czech Republic. E-mail: skal@rti.zcu.cz, h.jirkova@email.cz, masekb@kmm.zcu.cz
TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steels are low alloyed steels with multiphase microstructure consisting
of ferrite, carbide-free bainite and retained austenite. They are typically produced by thermo-mechanical treatment, which involves the hold in bainite transformation region. The hold ensures enough bainite in the final microstructure and also helps to stabilize higher amount of retained austenite. Due to transformation induce plasticity effect; TRIP steels possess very good combination of high strength and high ductility. In response to industrial
demands, C-Mn-Si and C-Mn-Si-Nb TRIP steels were subjected to thermo-mechanical treatment with continuous
cooling which corresponded to real rolling mill processing of the steel with similar chemical compositions. Typical
TRIP microstructures with 10-15% of retained austenite were achieved for both steels after optimization of cooling
schedules. However, cooling by two different cooling rates had to be applied to C-Mn-Si steel to obtain the convenient microstructure. Beneficial effect of Nb micro-alloying on low sensitivity of TRIP steel to variations in cooling parameters has been found out. Mechanical properties of the most convenient microstructures were very
promising, ultimate tensile strength reached 850MPa with ductility A5mm around 25%.
Keywords: TRIP steel, continuous cooling, retained austenite
Acknowledgement
The present contribution has been prepared under project LO1502 ‘Development of the Regional Technological Institute‘ under the auspices of the National Sustainability Programme I of the Ministry of Education of the Czech
Republic aimed to support research, experimental development and innovation.
Reference
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605, pp. 14-21.
MASEK, B., JIRKOVA, H., KUCEROVA, L., et al. (2011). Material-Technological Modelling of Various Holding Times at Partitioning Temperature in AHSS with Different Alloying Strategies, In: Advances in Heterogeneous
Material Mechanics 2011, pp. 701-704.
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KUČEROVÁ, L., JIRKOVÁ, H., MAŠEK, B. (2015). Continuous cooling of CMnSi TRIP steel. In: Materials
Today: Proceedings, Vol. 2, Sup. 3, pp. S677–S680, International Conference on Martensitic Transformations,
ICOMAT-2014.
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indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
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MASEK, B., STANKOVA, H., MALINA, J. et al. (2007). Physical Modelling of Microstructure Development
during Technological Processes with Intensive Incremental Deformation. In: Mechanical Behavior of Materials
X, Vols. 345-346, pp. 943-946.
MAŠEK, B., JIRKOVÁ, H., KUČEROVÁ, L., et al. (2011). Material-technological Modelling of Real Thin Sheet
Rolling Process. In: Proceedings of METAL 2011, pp.2016-220, TANGER, Ostrava.
MAŠEK, B., STAŇKOVÁ, H., NOVÝ, Z.; et al. (2009). The Influence of Thermomechanical Treatment of TRIP
Steel on its Final Microstructure. In: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 385389.
Paper number: M201630
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ISSN 1213–2489
Chemical Analysis and Mechanical Properties of Selected Safety Components of Lifts
Petra Kvasnová1, Daniel Novák1, Viktor Novák2
1
Matej Bel University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Technology, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica,
Slovakia. E-mail: petra.kvasnova@umb.sk, daniel.novak@umb.sk
2
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic. E-mail: novakviktor@tf.czu.cz
This paper deals with materials of selected safety components of lifts and it describes their mechanical and chemical testing. It particularly concerns with chemical analysis of two basic types of pulleys from gray and ductile cast
iron, and subsequently with the measurement of the hardness and the strength of these materials. The aim of the
research was to prove if these types of pulleys, widely used as safety components in the lift industry, meet the
current law requirements. Finally, the results of the research are briefly discussed as well as their application in
the university education.
Keywords: Lifts, Pulleys, Cast iron, Chemical analysis, Mechanical testing
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Paper number: M201631
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
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Influence of Laser Shock Peening Surface Treatment on Fatigue Endurance of Welded Joints
from S355 Structural Steel
Ján Lago1, Mario Guagliano2, František Nový1,3, Otakar Bokůvka1,3
1
University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010
26 Žilina. E-mail: jan.lago@fstroj.uniza.sk, otakar.bokuvka@fstroj.uniza.sk
2
Politecnico di Milano, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano. E-mail: mario.guagliano@polimi.it
3
Research Centre of University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina. E-mail: frantisek.novy@fstroj.uniza.sk
This work deals with fatigue testing of the EN S355 structural steel welded joint. The weld was manufactured by
the MIG welding technology and as the filler material was used the G3Si1 wire. The fatigue tests were carried out
in the rotating bending mode on the specimens manufactured from the welded joint of the S355 steel. The main
aim was to evaluate the fatigue endurance of the weld material and for this reason were used machined axis symmetrical specimens to remove the notch effect of the weld shape. In order to increase the fatigue endurance of the
weld, the Nd-YAG laser was used for laser shock peening (LSP) of specimens surfaces, which lead to removing of
the weld defects but in overall caused that LSP has behaved as the notch and lead to decreasing of the fatigue
endurance. Obtained results of fatigue tests are compared, discussed and supported by correlation with results of
additional experiments, e.g. identification of incurred structures after the laser shock peening by the metallographic observations and micro-hardness tests.
Keywords: S355, fatigue, laser shock peening.
Acknowledgment
The research was supported by European regional development fund and Slovak state budget by the project “Research
Centre of University of Žilina”, ITMS 26220220183 (40 %), Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education,
Science and Sports of the Slovak Republic and Slovak Academy of Sciences, grant No.: 1/0123/15 (30 %) and by the
project APVV 14-0096 (30 %).
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Paper number: M201632
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
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Grinding of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V with Silicon Carbide Grinding Wheel
Radek Lattner1, František Holešovský1, Martin Novák1, Marek Vrabeľ2
1
Department of Technologies and Material Engineering, Faculty of Production Technologies and Management, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3334/7, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem. E-mail: lattnerr@fvtm.ujep.cz, holesovsky@fvtm.ujep.cz, novak@fvtm.ujep.cz.
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice. E-mail: marek.vrabel@tuke.sk
Grinding is one of the technologies for surface finishing of large scale of material. This paper deals with grinding
of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V with silicon carbide grinding wheel. Ti6Al4V is the most widely used titanium alloy. Its
utilization can be found in medical, aerospace, chemical and other industries. This experiment deals with evaluating of surface roughness after grinding. The roughness parameters (Ra, Rz) were measured on each specimen ten
times. Also cutting forces were measured while grinding each specimen. All these measured values were evaluated
and presentated in graphs.
Keywords: grinding, surface integrity, titanium alloy, silicon carbide
References
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Paper number: M201633
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Assessment of the Procedural Gases Influence at Turning Technology
Miloslav Ledvina, Štěpánka Dvořáčková
Department of Machining and Assembly, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17
Liberec. Czech Republic., E-mail: miloslav.ledvina@tul.cz, stepanka.dvorackova@tul.cz
This paper deals with the assessment of the procedural gases progressive cooling methods and cooling by procedural liquids at turning technology on the final workpiece surface quality. Turning by using liquefied CO2, liquefied nitrogen and subcooled air supplied through the vortex tube was compared with the turning without process
medium (taken as reference conditions) and with two procedural liquids EOPS 1030 and HOCUT 795 B. At evaluation effect of procedural gases there were monitored acting forces, cutting tool cooling rate and the machined
layer of the material, cutting tool durability and cut surface quality which was characterized by surface roughness
and dimensional accuracy. During the experimental part there were used devices as lathe SU50, piezoelectric dynamometer, the evaluation unit and profilometer. This issue was solved within solving the project TACR TA03010492.
Keywords: Turning, Cooling by Gas, Acting Forces, Tool Durability, Temperature, Surface Quality.
Acknowledgement
This paper was realized though the financial support of the Czech Republic state budget means – Technological
Agency of the Czech Republic (project TA03010492).
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MM SPECTRUM, V budoucnosti budou těžce obrobitelné materiály obráběny za velmi nízkých teplot. MM spektrum [online]. 2012/6 [cit. 19.11.2015]. Dostupné z < http://www.mmspektrum.com/novinka/v-budoucnosti-budou-tezce-obrobitelne-materialy-obrabeny-za-velmi-nizkych-teplot.html >.
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POPOV, A. Obrobitelnost materiálů a řezivost řezných nástrojů (podklad pro výuku Teorie obrábění), [cit.
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vyd. Praha: Scientia, spol. s.r.o., 256s. ISBN 80-7183-207-3.
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Paper number: M201634
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Roughness Evaluation of the Machined Surface at Interrupted Cutting Process
Sarka Malotova1, Robert Cep1, Lenka Cepova1, Jana Petru1, Dana Stancekova2, Ladislav Kyncl1, Michal Hatala3
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava. 17. Listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava. Czech
Republic. E-mail: sarka.malotova.st@vsb.cz, robert.cep@vsb.cz, lenka.cepova@vsb.cz, ladislav.kyncl.st@vsb.cz
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Univerzity of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26, Zilina. Slovakia. E-mail: dana.stancekova@fstroj.uniza.sk
3
Faculty of Manufacturing Technology with seat in Presov, Technical University in Kosice, Bayerova 1, 080 01 Prešov,
E-mail: michal.hatala@tuke.sk
The article deals with the evaluation of the roughness of the machined surface, steel ISO C45 and ISO 11CrMo910 after machining at interrupted cutting conditions. A regular interrupted cut and irregular interrupted cut can
have significant effect on the resulting surface of components. Parameters of roughness were measured on the
slats, which was machined with using the interrupted cutting simulator. The slats were gradually machined - 4, 3,
2 and 1 slat for getting irregular interrupted cut. Selected parameters of roughness which were tested; Ra – an
average arithmetic deviation, Rq – an average quadratic deviation and Rz – the maximum height of the roughness
profile. Experiment took place in cooperation with Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of VSB – TU Ostrava and
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of ZU Zilina – machining in the laboratories of ZU Zilina, Slovak Republic.
Keywords: surface roughness, interrupted cutting, slat test
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund in the IT4Innovations Centre of Excellence
project CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0070, by Education for Competitiveness Operational Programme financed by Structural
Founds of Europe Union in project Integrita CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0037 and by Student Grant Competitions SP2015/116 and
SP2015/129 financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering VŠBTechnical University of Ostrava.
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indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
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VASILKO, K., MACUROVÁ, A (2012). Two local extremes of cutting speed. Manufacturing Technology, Vol.
12, No. 12, pp. 86 – 89. ISSN 1213-2489
PFEILER, P. (2012). Metodika testování keramických řezných nástrojů při přerušovaném řezu. Ostrava, 147 s.
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KOURIL, K., CEP, R., JANASEK, A., KRIZ, A., STANCEKOVA, D. (2014). Surface integrity at reaming operation by MT3 head. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 193-199. ISSN 1213-2489.
Paper number: M201635
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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The Effect of Different Modifiers in AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy on Built-up Edge Formation in Machining
Michal Martinovský, Jan Madl
Faculty of Production Technology and Management, J. E. Purkyně Univerzity in Usti nad Labem, Pasteurova 3334/7,
400 01, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.
E-mail: martinovsky@fvtm.ujep.cz, madl@fvtm.ujep.cz
Aluminium and silicon alloys are widely used in practice. But there is increasingly more emphasis placed on the
research and development of these materials. The aim of this article is to analyse modified aluminium alloy
AlSi7Mg0.3. The paper is focused on the effect of particular modifiers in AlSi7Mg0.3 alloys on built-up edge formation in machining. Four variants of castings (unmodified alloy and alloy modified by chemical elements - strontium, calcium and antimony) were used. All alloys were compared with non-modified alloy. There were moulded
castings from each modified variant and the casting of non-modified alloy. It was casted using a gravity-die casting
into a metal mould with a thermal insulation.
Keywords: Al-Si alloys, modifiers, machining, built-up edge.
Acknowledgements
The article was co-financed through internal grant provided from Purkyně University in Usti nad Labem, called SGC,
i.e. the Student Grant Competition.
References
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Paper number: M201636
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Barkhausen Noise Emission of Surfaces after Plasma Beam Machining
Anna Mičietová1, Miroslav Neslušan1, Mária Čilliková1, Kamil Kolařík2
1
University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic; email:
anna.micietova@fstroj.utc.sk
2
ČVUT Praha, Trojanova 13, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic
This paper deals with analysis of surface integrity of steel after plasma beam machining (PBM). The paper discusses surface integrity expressed in term of rms values of Barkhausen noise and reports about variables affecting
Barkhausen noise emission such as plasma current, nozzle distance, thickness of machined surface and feed speed.
The paper demonstrates variable degree of surface hardening due to elevated temperatures and the following
rapid cooling. Except magnetic investigation of surface also stress state and structure observation are reported.
Keywords: Plasma Beam Machining, Barkhausen Noise, Surface Hardening
Acknowledgement
This project is solved under the financial support of KEGA agency (project n. 009ŽU-4/2014 and 005ŽU-4/2014) and
project CZ-SK 2013-0017.
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MOORTHY, V. et all. (2001). Evaluation of heat treatment and deformation induced changes in material properties in gear steels using magnetic Barkhausen noise analysis. In: ICBN 03 Tampere, Finland.
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Paper number: M201637
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Influence of Stylus System Configuration on the Variability of Measurement Result on CMM
Petr Mikeš
Department of Machining, Process Planning and Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 166 07 Praha 6, E-mail: p.mikes@fs.cvut.cz
The article deals with the measurement on CMMs with tactile stylus system. Accuracy of CMM is mostly indicated
by the parameter MPEE (Maximum Permissible Error for length measurement). This parameter refers to an errors during the measurement of distance between two points in space. Verification of MPEEparameter is described
in an ISO standard 10 360-2 Acceptance and re-verication tests for coordinate measuring machines. These acceptance and re-verification tests are often conducted with a short and stiff reference stylus which is not and also
mostly cannot be used in real measurements. On the contraryin applications such as a measurement of engine
blocks and transmission housings very complex styli configurations are used. The influence of stylus system configuration on the variability of measurement when using long extensions, different materials (aluminium, carbon
fiber composites) and high scanning speed in not described. The aim of this article is to design a methodology for
testing the styli systems used in complex metrology applications in quality control of hi-precision mechanical components, to analyze the contribution of stylus system configuration to the measurement system variability in the
form of a standard measurement uncertainty described by standard deviation.
Keywords: Coordinate Measuring Machines, stylus system, variability of measurement result
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Paper number: M201638
Copyright © 2016. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.
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Creep Behaviour of the Polymer Composite with False Banana’s Fibres (Ensete Ventricosum)
Čestmír Mizera, Petr Hrabě, Miroslav Müller, David Herák
Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Czech Republic. E-mail: mizera@tf.czu.cz,
hrabe@tf.czu.cz, muller@tf.czu.cz, herak@tf.czu.cz.
This study was focused on the analysis of creep behaviour of the polymer composite with continuous phase in the
form of two-part epoxies and discontinuous phase (reinforcing particles) in the form of fibres of false banana
(Ensete ventricosum). The aim of the experiment was to describe the short term flexural creep behaviour, flexural
strength and Charpy impact strength of polymer composite reinforced by fibres of false banana. The fibres of
Ensete ventricosum, originally from Ethiopian region Hawassa, were used for this experiment. Reinforcing fibres
were prepared in size of length 1-2 mm with randomly fibres arrangement in matrix. The amount of reinforcing
particles in the composite material was 0.5; 2 and 30 wt.%. Moulds for casting specimens were produced from the
material Lukapren N regarding to the prepared models whose shape corresponds to the technical standard CSN
EN ISO 3167. Composite which was used to prepare specimens according to CSN EN ISO 3167 (Plastics - Multipurpose test specimens, English Standard Institution) was created by mixing of fixed rate of matrix and filler.
Keywords: agriculture, impact strength, flexural strength
Acknowledgement
This paper has been made with the assistance of the grant IGA TF CZU No. 2015:31130/1312/3104.
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VALÁŠEK, P. (2014). Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins Filled with Waste Rubber Powder. Manufacturing
Technology, 14, 632 – 637.
VINCENT, H., WIERSAMA, J., KELL, S., FIELDER, H., DOBBIE, S., CASTANEDA-ALVAREZ, N.P.,
GUARINO, L., EASTWOOD, R., LEON, B., MAXTED, N. (2013). A prioritized crop wild relative inventory to
help underpin global food security. Biological Conservation, 167, 265 – 275.
WAMBUA, P., IVENS, J., VERPOEST, I. (2003). Natural fibres: can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics? Composites Science and Technology, 63, 1259–1264.
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Food. Journal of Nurition and Food Science, 3, 1 – 6.
Paper number: M201639
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Effect of Age Hardening Conditions on Mechanical Properties of AW 6082 Alloy Welds
Jaromír Moravec, Iva Nováková, Josef Bradáč
Technical University of Liberec. Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec 1. Czech Republic. E-mail: jaromir.moravec@tul.cz,
iva.novakova@tul.cz, josef.bradac@tul.cz
The present paper expands the knowledge in the field of welding of age hardening aluminium alloys using MIG
method. Aluminium alloy AW 6082 (AlSi1MgMn) according to the specification standard CSN 42 4400 was used
for the experiment. This type of alloy is used in industrial practice e.g. for medium stressed parts in railway and
motor vehicles and in water, oil or petrol pipes. For the purpose of assessing the impact of multiple cycles on the
properties in the heat affected zone the weld was designed as a multi-layer weld. The objective of this paper is not
only the impact assessment of the degradation of the mechanical properties, but also the possibility of recovery of
these properties by heat treatment. During the experiment, the effect of temperature holding time by solution
annealing and artificial hardening on the mechanical properties of the base material, HAZ and weld was studied.
The effect of heat treatment was evaluated by Vickers hardness test.
Keywords: AW 6082, welding, heat treatment
Acknowledgement
This paper was written at the Technical University of Liberec with the support of the Specific University Research
Grant SGS, as provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the year 2016.
References
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mechanical properties of welded joints. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 13, No. December 2013, pp. 526 530.
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HAN, Y., ZHANG, S., PANG, S., HONG, H. (2015). Arc behaviour during variable polarity TIG welding of
aluminum alloy. In: Hanjie Xuebao/Transactions of the China Welding Institution, Vol. 36, Issue 9, No. 25 September 2015, pp. 51-54 and 59.
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ČSN EN 515. Aluminium and its alloys – Formed products – Identification of states. Praha: Czech standard
institute, 1995. 22 p. Class number: 42 0053.
MORAVEC, J. (2014). Three layer butt weld of AW 6082. TUL-Z-14-VS-AW6082-01, TU Liberec, Liberec, pp.
2-27.
MORAVEC, J. (2014). Hardness measurement HV 10 in base material, HAZ and weld metal for three-layered
weld made of Al6082 alloy. TUL-Z-AW6082-MT-01, TU Liberec, Liberec, pp. 2-27.
MORAVEC, J. (2014). Hardness measurement HV 10 in base material, HAZ and weld metal for three-layered
weld made of Al6082 alloy after age hardening. TUL-Z-AW6082-TZ-MT-01, TU Liberec, Liberec, pp. 2-25.
Paper number: M201640
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Design of Control Jig for Inserts Measurement
Ivan Mrkvica1, Vojtech Sleha1, Jana Petru1, Miroslav Neslusan2, Jozef Jurko3, Anton Panda3
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic. E-mail: ivan.mrkvica@vsb.cz, slehav@gmail.com, jana.petru@vsb.cz
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Zilina University in Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia. E-mail: miroslav.neslusan@fstroj.uniza.sk
3
Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Technical University of Kosice, Sturova 31, 080 01 Presov,
Slovakia. E-mail: jozef.jurko@tuke.sk, anton.panda@tuke.sk
This paper aims to design a control jig for cutting inserts measurement. These inserts are made from standardized
inserts by grinding. The control jig is intended to be used on two different types of measuring devices and it has to
meet the functional requirements of these devices.The intoduction describes specific functional requirements on
the jig, provides information about measuring devices and examples of cutting edges grinded on inserts. Next part
describes the design of several variants of jig parts and reasons for their application. Paper is focused specifically
on design of jig body variants, description of measuring arm and the way of clamping of inserts in the control jig.
The measuring range is described for each of proposed variant. In the closing part of the article particular variants
are compared according to their suitability, stability during measuring and range of serviceability for measuring
of the inserts.
Keywords: control jig, body, arm, cutting insert
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund in the IT4Innovations Centre of Excellence
project CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0070 and by Education for Competitiveness Operational Programme financed by Structural
Founds of Europe Union in project Integrita CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0037 and by Student Grant Competitions SP2015/116
and SP2015/129 financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava.
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Paper number: M201641
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Influence of Cyclic Degradation in Saline Solution on Mechanical Properties of Adhesive
Bonds
Miroslav Müller
Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Czech Republic. E-mail: muller@tf.czu.cz
The adhesive bond is the complex of three layers – adhesive bonded material (called adherent), adhesive layer and
cohesive layer. Degradation aspects act all parts of the adhesive bond. The aim of this research was the evaluation
of influence of degradation environment on the strength of structural two-component epoxy adhesives. Adhesive
bonds and process of testing the adhesive bonds were in accordance with standard ČSN EN 1465. The degradation
environment in form of 5 % saline solution was used within this experiment. Adhesive bonded testing samples
were subjected to cyclic loading of saline solution. On the basis of evaluation of performed experiments it is possible
to say, that resulting strength of adhesive bonds decreases at simultaneous acting of environment. The strength of
adhesive bond after 8th cycle, i.e. after 56 days, significantly decreased from 67 to 78 %. Using the electron microscopy within the experimental research it was proved that the spontaneous failure of the adhesive layer occurred
at 8th cycle.
Keywords: adhesive bond strength, corrosive, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), structural two-component epoxy
Acknowledgement
This paper has been done when solving the grant IGA TF (2015:31140/1312/3106).
References
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by adhesive bonding technology in agrocomplex. In: Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 616, pp. 52-60.
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MÜLLER, M., HERÁK, D., VALÁŠEK, P. (2013). Degradation limits of bonding technology depending on destinations Europe, Indonesia. In: Tehnicki Vjesnik- Technical Gazette, Vol. 20, pp. 571-575.
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CROCOMBE, A. D. (1997). Durability modelling concepts and tools for the cohesive environmental degradation
of bonded structures. In: International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives, Vol. 17, No. 3, p. 229-238.
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Paper number: M201642
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Modification of AlSi9CuMnNi Alloy by Antimony and Heat Treatment and Their Influence
on Tool Wear after Turning
Natasa Naprstkova1, Jaromir Cais1, Manuela Ingaldi2
1
Faculty of Production Technology and Management, J. E. Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem. Pasteurova 1, 400 96
Usti nad Labem. Czech Republic. E-mail: naprstkova@fvtm.ujep.cz; cais@fvtm.ujep.cz,
2Faculty of Management of Czestochowa University of Technology, ul. Armii Krajowej 19 B, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
E-mail: manuela@gazeta.pl
Modification alloy is an important part of the metallurgical process, and this also applies, of course, for aluminum
alloys, particularly for Al-Si (silumins). As a modification of the material we can use the modification using the
selected element or heat treatment of alloys, or a combination of both processes. One of the elements that it is
possible to modify the alloy of Al-Si used is antimony (Sb). The paper examines the possible effect of the modification that element and heat treatment on the final tool wear after machining of the alloy AlSi9CuMnNi. In the
experiments were made three castings from the alloy AlSi9CuMnNi without modification, three castings with the
modification and without heat treatment, three castings with modification and without heat treatment, and three
castings with modification and heat treatment too. These all castings were machining by turning with the same
cutting conditions and next the tool wear of using inserts was analyzed. The described experiments and analysis
are part of extensive research, focusing on a Faculty of Production Technology and Management, J. E. Purkyne
University in Usti nad Labem.
Keywords: alloy, aluminium, modification, antimony, heat treatment, wear, machining
Acknowledgement
Authors are grateful for the support of grant SGS 2014 UJEP and of grant OP 2.2 No. CZ.1.07/2.2.00/28.0296.
References
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Modifier. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 40-44, FPTM JEPU, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.
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NAPRSTKOVA, N. (2012). Vliv ockovani slitiny AlSi7Mg0,3 ockovadlem AlTi5B1 na opotrebeni nastroje pri
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Paper number: M201643
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Barkhausen Noise Emission in Case – Hardened Bearing Steels
Miroslav Neslušan1, Róbert Farda1, Kamil Kolařík2, Jiří Čapek2
1
ŽU Žilina, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, KOVT, SjF, E-mail: miroslav.neslusan@fstroj.uniza.sk,
2
ČVUT Praha, Trojanova 13, 120 00, Praha 2, ČR
This paper deals with detection of surface burn after grinding operations on bearing rings made of case - hardened
steels. The paper reports about Barkhausen noise technique employed for non destructive monitoring of grinding
burn and discusses the main aspects affecting the Barkhausen noise emission such as thickness of heat affected
zone, micro hardness, stress state, carbides, dislocation density and volume of retained austenite. Results of experiments indicate that the influence of stress state on Barkhausen noise is only minor whereas influence of structure
features dominates. On the other hand, it is difficult to unwrap influence microstructure features contribution to
the Barkhausen noise. For this reason their influence should be studied on the model surfaces undergoing the
different regime of chemical and heat treatment.
Keywords: grinding burn, Barkhausen noise, bearings
Acknowledgment
This article was edited under the financial support of KEGA projects n. 005ŽU - 4/2014 and 009ŽU - 4/2014.
References
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Paper number: M201644
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Evaluation of Applicability of Unconventional Cooling Method in Injection Mould
Thang Nguyen Vo, Martin Seidl
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Engineering Technology, Technical University of Liberec. Studentská
2, 461 17 Liberec. Czech Republic. E-mail: petrnguyen321@gmail.com, martin.seidl1@tul.cz
To increase the intensity of cooling the unconventional methods can be used, which enable to achieve quick and
steady heat transfer from the injection mould and from the plastic product. This paper is devoted to the cooling
method based on high cooling potential of liquid carbon dioxide that is included among the unconventional methods of mould temperature control system. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of
cooling with using liquid CO2 in the injection mould with regard to several aspects that have a direct impact on
the final cooling efficiency. The practical experiment deals with the design of the shaped mould insert with the
incorporated progressive cooling system by means of CO2 and its comparison with conventional tempering by
water. The study is based on evaluations of the temperature profiles reached from thermocouples located in three
positions in the injection mould and analysis of temperature fields measured on the surface of the product after its
removal from the shaped insert. All the analyses were carried out for three cooling modes and before individual
testing steps the technological parameters of cooling were optimized.
Keywords: Injection Mould, Unconventional Cooling, Liquid Carbon Dioxide, CO2
Acknowledgement
This paper was written at the Technical University of Liberec with the support of the Specific University Research
Grant SGS, as provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the year 2016.
References
Information on http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/pdf/carbondioxide.pdf
Information on http://www.ascoco2.com
Information on http://www.mathesongas.com/industrialgas/pdfs/bulk-carbon-dioxide.pdf
NOVÁKOVÁ, I., SEIDL, M., BRDLÍK, P., ŠTVERÁK, J., MORAVEC, J. (2015). In: Cooling thin parts of pressure casting moulds by means of liquid CO2, Vol. 669, pp. 71-78. TU of Liberec.
Paper number: M201645
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Monitoring of the Diffusion Processes during Carburizing Automotive Steel Parts
Iva Nová, Jiri Machuta
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
E-mail: iva.nova@tul.cz, jiri.machuta@tul.cz
The article deals with the prediction of diffusion process of steel components, respectively diffusion of carbon
during carburizing. The calculation was made on the basis of the solution diffusion in semi-infinite space. For the
calculation there was used the II. Fick's law. For the reason that the transfer medium is formed at the interface
environments diffusion boundary layer, for the more accurate calculations, it is necessary to consider the coefficient of transfer of β atoms of carbon. For the calculation of the diffusion coefficient D was used Arrhenius´s
equation, which is based on the rate of diffusion processes (diffusion). It was calculated the time for diffusion of
carbon to achieve the concentration of 0.8% C. There was also made a calculation of carbon diffusion in the gear
from material EN DIN 1.7142 (DIN 14221). Diffusion was performed at 950 ° C, the initial concentration of carbon
was 0.2%. Carburizing carbon concentration was 1.1% C and carburizing time was 1, 3 and 6 hours.
Keywords: Carburizing, Diffusion, Carbon, Gearwheel, Calculation
Acknowledgement
This article is financially supported by Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of Czech Republic through the
project SGS.
References
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of a Carburizing Treatment in Gas Phase: Definitionof a New Process, In: Metall. Ital., 91(4), p 39-44
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Alloys on Concentration of Additive Elements. In: Acta Tech. CSAV, 48(4), p. 353-364 (Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved).
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on Direct Integration of the Flux. In: Journal of Phase Equilibia and Diffusion. Vol. 27 No 6., p. 598 – 604.
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Paper number: M201646
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Dilatometric Measurements of Austenitic Stainless Steel as a Function of Temperature
Monika Oravcová1, Peter Palček1, Máriusz Król2
1
University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Univerzitná 1, 01026
Žilina, Slovakia. E-mail: monika.oravcova@fstroj.uniza.sk, peter.palcek@fstroj.uniza.sk
2
Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Enginering, Konarskiego 18A Stret, 44-100
Gliwice, Poland. E-mail: mariusz.krol@polsl.pl
Many solid materials are subjected to structural changes, e.g. phase transformations within temperature change.
These phase transformations are usually accompanied by a significant change in particular volume. The change
in volume of a solid material is measured by the corresponding change in length of a specimen of the material. The
experimental method which is based on measurement of volume/ length change during linear heating or cooling is
dilatometry. Dilatometry is characterised by the linear thermal expansion coefficient which can be described as
the relative length- change divided by the corresponding temperature interval. The basis of the thermal expansion
of crystalline material is related with the function between interatomic forces in crystal lattice. This paper investigates the effect of temperature on structural changes within austenitic stainless steel that underwent different
heat treatment before the measurement.
Keywords: Austenitic stainless steel, Dilatometry, Temperature dependance, Thermal expansion coefficient
Acknowledgement
This work has been supported by Scientific Grant Agency of Ministry of Education of Slovak republic VEGA 1/0683/15
and project APVV SK-CZ-2013-0076.
References
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stainless steel AISI 304L, 316L, 321 and 347, Journal of Materials Science, volume 40, s. 139 - 144.
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Paper number: M201647
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Numerical Analysis of T-Joint Welding with Different Welding Sequences
Marek Patek1, Miloš Mičian1, Augustín Sládek1, Dalibor Kadáš2
1
University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technological Engineering, Univerzitná 8215/1,
010 26 Žilina, Slovakia. E-mail: marek.patek@fstroj.uniza.sk, milos.mician@fstroj.uniza.sk, augustin.sladek@fstroj.uniza.sk
2
Schaeffler Slovensko, spol. s r.o., Dr. G. Schaefflera 1, 024 01 Kysucké Nové Mesto, Slovakia. E-mail: kadasdli@schaeffler.com
Numerical simulation of welding is an efficient tool for prediction of temperature distribution during welding
process, residual stresses and final distortions of the welded parts. Importance of numerical analysis can be even
higher during optimization of the large structures welding, in which preparing of the experimental samples is more
expensive. Numerical analysis of T-joint welding for bridge construction parts in SYSWELD software is presented
in the article. Welding simulation was prepared for two welding sequences with the same welding parameters
required to ensure penetration of the weld metal. Obtained thermal analysis results were compared to measurement by thermocouples, and final distortions were compared with contactless measurement by TRITOP system.
Lower distortion were obtained by simulation and experiments in welding at once by the two welding devices,
while the second device followed the first one with technological delay of 25 seconds.
Keywords: Finite element modelling, Sequence of welding, Welding simulation, Welding distortions
Acknowledgement
This work has been supported by Scientific Grant Agency of Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic, grant
KEGA 034ŽU-4/2015. Authors acknowledge the grant agency for support.
References
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input and layer number on residual stress in repair welds for a stainless steel clad plate. In: Materials and Design,
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PATEK, M. et al. (2015). Numerical analysis of distortions and residual stresses during automated T-joint welding.
In: 43. International Conference WELDING 2015, pp. 45-55. SZS, Bratislava.
DURANTON, P. et al. (2004). 3D modelling of multipass welding of a 316L stainless steel pipe. In: Journal of
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MORAVEC, J., SLOVÁČEK, M. (2014). Application of Numerical Simulations at Welding Multilayer Welds
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NOVÁK, P., MEŠKO, J., ŽMINDÁK, M. (2013). Finite element implementation of multi-pass fillet weld with
phase changes. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 79-85.
Paper number: M201648
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Influence of the Selected Technological Factors on the Elimination of Misruns
Radka Podprocká1, Jozef Malik2, Dana Bolibruchová1
1
Department of Technological Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1,
010 26 Žilina. Slovak Republic. E-mail: radka.podprocka@fstroj.uniza.sk.
2
Metallurgy Faculty, Department of Metallurgy, Iron and Casting, Košice, Slovak Republic. E-mail: jozef.malik@tuke.sk
High pressure die-castin of aluminum alloys is a complicated process depending on a number of factors which
relate between each other. That is why these factors must be regulated in the process of casting. This contribution
focuses on the possibilities of eliminating the defects of short run. This defect is located on the edge of the flow
opening of the casted body STIRNPLATTE 033. From the view of functionality this kind of defect is inadmissible.
Experimental castings from the AlSi12CuNiMg alloy were casted by using different technological parameters
where the work surface temperature of the mould and the profile layout of the piston path differed. Experimental
measurements of the mechanical properties and RTG analysis were conducted. From the measured values it is
possible to state that by infringing the optimal temperature in the mould and the incorrect setting of the piston
path parameters has the biggest influence on the amount of misruns.
Keywords: cast, misruns, mould, temperature, pressure
Acknowledgement
This article was created according to grant project VEGA 1/0363/13. Authors are grateful to the grand commission
for their assistance.
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 1213–2489
Effect of Nickel on the Properties of the AlSi10MgMn Alloy with Increased Iron Content
Ján Ščury, Dana Bolibruchová, Mária Žihalová
Department of Technological Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina. Univerzitná 8215/1,
010 26 Žilina. Slovak Republic. E-mail: jan.scury@fstroj.uniza.sk, danka.bolibruchova@fstroj.uniza.sk,
maria.zihalova@fstroj.uniza.sk
The article deals with the issue of secondary aluminum alloys with higher iron content and the possibility of
reducing the negative impact of the iron by adding certain elements (correctors of iron). This paper evaluated the
impact of nickel on amount of gas and mechanical properties of AlSi10MgMn alloy with increased iron content.
For evaluation purposes master alloy AlNi20 with concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. % was used. The main
conclusion is that the addition of nickel corrector appears to have positive influence on reducing the negative
effects of iron. The next conclusion is that the addition of 0.5 wt. % AlNi20 according to the results in the paper
seem to be most benefical.
Keywords: AlSi10MgMn alloy, mechanical properties, intermetallic phase based on iron content, nickel
Acknowledgement
This work was created in the framework of the grant projekt VEGA N˚1/0363/13. The authors acknowledge the grant
agency for support.
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Paper number: M201650
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MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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Laser Hardening of the Functional Surfaces of Machine Tools
Karel Šramhauser, Sylvia Kuśmierczak
Faculty of Production Technology and Management, University of J. E. Purkyně in Usti nad Labem,
Czech Republic. E-mail: editors@fvtm.ujep.cz, sramhauser@fvtm.ujep.cz, kusmierczak@fvtm.ujep.cz
The purpose of using modern technology is to reduce costs, facilitate the work and simplify as far as the most
comprehensive set of operations. One of many modern technological processes involved in the refining of
materials are technologies of surface hardening using a laser beam. This method can harden precisely defined
areas with minimal thermal influence of surrounding areas it is possible to achieve less residual stress and less
distortion of components compared the volumetric hardening, it is also possible to use controlled robotic units and
all for the absence of cooling, which proceeds spontaneously to the surrounding material itself and atmosphere.
These advantages of laser surface hardening are used by companies for which the prospect of minor damage to
the material, increase of the material durability, material stiffness ensuring etc. is initiation for the use of modern
technology.
Keywords: laser hardening, cast iron, hardness, microstructure
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Paper number: M201651
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Influence of Manufacturing Parameters on Final Quality of Lapped Parts
Dana Stancekova1, Mario Drbul1, Miroslav Janota1, Natasa Naprstkova2, Albert Kulla1, Jozef Mrazik1
1
University of Zilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Univerzitna 1, 010 26, Zilina, Slovak Republic, E-mail:
dana.stancekova@fstroj.uniza.sk, mario.drbul@fstroj.uniza.sk, albert.kulla@ucj.uniza.sk, jozef.mrazik@fstroj.uniza.sk,
2
J.E.Purkyně Univerzity, Faculty of Production Technology and Management, Ústí nad Labem, CZ, E-mail: naprstkova@fvtm.ujep.cz
For a variety of engineering technologies, machining has a specific position because it is a technology that meets
the highest requirements on accuracy and quality of products and involves processes that are final, i.e. the last in
the production processes of parts machining. Therefore, these processes largely affects the final shape and dimensional requirements of high quality components and hence their performance characteristics, particularly the accuracy and durability. Such production methods designed to achieve high dimensional and shape accuracy is
grinding and other finishing methods (superfinishing, polishing, lapping) involved in a high percentage of the production of components whose quality can not be achieved by other technologies, eventually very difficultly. Lapping and about influence of modification of production parameters on quality of lapped surface after lapping. In
the experimental part were taken measurement of roughness parameter Rt. From measured values was evaluated
which production parameters are useful and economic preferable by demanded reduction of production time and
by keeping the roughness parameter at Rt = 2 μm.
Keywords: lapping, quality, machining, grinding
Acknowledgement
The article was funded by the grant project VEGA 1/0773/12 - “Implementation of technical ceramic material research
to increase the innovation of hybrid products”.
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KROLCZYK G.M., NIESŁONY P., LEGUTKO S. (2015). Determination of tool life and research wear during
duplex stainless steel turning, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 15, 2, pp. 347 – 354.
KRÓLCZYK G., LEGUTKO S., RAOS P.: Cutting wedge wear examination during turning of duplex stainless
steel, Tehnički Vjesnik - Technical Gazette
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PETRŮ, J., ZLÁMAL, T., ČEP, R., PAGÁČ, M., GREPL, M. (2013). Influence of strengthening effect on machinability of the welded inconel 625 and of the wrought Inconel 625. In. IMETI 2013 - 6th International MultiConference on Engineering and Technological Innovation, Proceedings, pp.155 – 159.
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STÄHLI, A.W. (2001). Die Läpp-Technik, Firmendruckschrift der A.W. Stähli AG. Schweiz Peiterlen.
indexed on: http://www.scopus.com
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NÁPRSTKOVÁ, N., CAIS, J., STANCEKOVÁ, D. : Influence of Alsi7Mg0.3 alloy modification by Sb on the
tool wear. In. Manufacturing Technology, 1/2014, pp. 75 – 79.
CUBONOVA, N., KURIC, I. (2014). Data structures implementation of the protocol STEP-NC at CNC machines
programming. In. Komunikacie, Vol. 16, Issue 3A, pp 176-183.
STANCEKOVA, D., KURNAVA, T., SAJGALIK, M., NAPRSTKOVA, N., STRUHARNANSKY, J., ŠČOTKA,
P. (2014). Identification of machinability of ceramic materials by turning. Manufacturing Technology, Volume
14, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 91- 97.
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JANÁČ, A. a kol. (2004). Technológia obrábania, Bratislava: STU.
CZÁN, A., MARTIKÁŇ, A., HOLUBJÁK, J., STRUHÁRŇANSKY, J. (2014). Identification of stress and
structure properties in surface and subsurface layers of nuclea reactor austenitic steel. Manufacturing Technology.
Volume 14, Issue 3, 2014, pp. 276 - 281.
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Paper number: M201652
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Research of Chemical Pre-treatment Created by Sol-gel Process on the Polished Surface of
Aluminium Substrate
Jaroslava Svobodova, Pavel Kraus, Jaromir Cais, Radek Lattner
Faculty of Production Technology and Management, J. E. Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem. Pasteurova 7, 400 96
Usti nad Labem. Czech Republic. E-mail: svobodova@fvtm.ujep.cz, kraus@fvtm.ujep.cz, cais@fvtm.ujep.cz, lattnerr@fvtm.ujep.cz
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of thin transparent nanolayers with phase composition
ZrF4 and different modification of SiO2 with special focus on the affecting the surface roughness of the material
and the way of exclusion of the thin nanolayer on the surface of the polished aluminium material. The thin nanolayer was prepared by the sol-gel method. The final treatment based on PTFE was applied on the surface of some
samples. This treatment is suitable for the increasing of the wear resistance. The films were characterized with
help of SEM microscopy and EDS analysis. The surface roughness was measured with classical surface roughness
tester. There was published results on this theme but not on the polished surface of the aluminium material. The
results from the experiment shows on the problems with application of these nanolayers because there were found
a cracks on the surface of the material and deformations of the layer after application of two nanoproduts and
PTFE final layer. The surface layer formation is discussed.
Keywords: sol-gel technology, nanolayers, aluminium alloys, surface roughness, SEM
References
BALGUDE, D., SABNIS, A., SOL-GEL SCI TECHNOL. (2012). Sol-gel derived hybrid coatings as and environment friendly surface treatment for corrosion protection of metals and their alloys, Springer, Vol. 64, pp. 124134, DOI 10.1007/S10971-012-2838-z.
SVOBODOVA, J. (2014). SEM and EDS Analysis Used in Evaluation of Chemical Pre-treatment Based on Nanotechnology. Manufacturing Technology, Journal for Science, Research and Production, Vol. 14, No. 3, ISSN
1213-2489.
CHOU, T. P., CHANDRASEKARAN, C., LIMMER, S., NGUYEN, C., CAO, G. Z. (2002). Organic-inorganic
sol-gel coating for corrosion protection of stainless steel, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 21, p. 251255, Print ISSN: 0261-8028; Online ISSN: 1573-4811.
NOVOTNA, P., KRYSA, J., MAIXNER, J., KLUSON, P., NOVAK, P. (2010). Photocatalytic activity of sol-gel
TiO2 thin films deposited on soda lime glass and soda lime glass precoated with a SiO2 layer, Surface & Coatings
Technology, Vol. 204, p. 2570-2575, ISSN 0257-897, 2 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.01.043.
SVOBODOVA, J. (2015). Evaluation of New Type of Chemical Pre-treatment Applied on Low-carbon Steel Substrate Using SEM and EDS Analysis, Engineering for Rural Development, 14th International Scientific Conference, ISSN 1691-5976 (dostupné na http://www.tf.llu.lv/conference/proceedings2015).
VOEVODIN, A. A., SHTANSKY, D. V., LEVASHOV, E., A., MOORE, J. J. (2004). Nanostructured Thin Films
and Nanodispersion Strengthened Coatings, Springer - Nato Science Series II, Vol. 155, ISBN 1-4020-2221-2.
CAVALEIRO, A., HOSSON, J. T. (2006). Nanostructured Coatings - Nanostructure Science and Technology,
Springer, p. 648, ISBN 0-387-25642-3.
SVOBODOVÁ, J., KRAUS, P. (2015). Hodnocení drsnosti a morfologie povrchu hliníkového plechu po aplikaci
chemických předúprav na bázi nanotechnologií, Strojírenská technologie, ročník XX, číslo 2, s. 103-109, ISSN
1211-4162.
Paper number: M201653
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The Use of BOST Method as a Tool to Standardize Tasks in Hot Dip Galvanizing Process Improvement
Piotr Sygut, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar, Manuela Ingaldi, Stanisław Borkowski
Institute of Production Engineering, Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology. ul. Armii Krajowej
19 B 42-200 Czestochova, Poland. E-mail: piotr.sygut.wz@gmail.com, klimt@wip.pcz.pl, manuela@gazeta.pl,
bork@zim.pcz.pl,
Standardization is the basis for improvement in the company. This allows for repeatability performance of activities and thus the stability of the process. This chapter presents the standardization as part of Toyota's production
system. Standardization is also one of the elements examined using the method BOST, because it was used for hot
dip galvanizing process improvement. The research was carried out in one of the national companies producing
steel products and providing services in the field of modern anti-corrosion protection, in particular hot-dip galvanizing.
Keywords: hot-dip galvanizing, BOST method, improvement of production processes
References
BORKOWSKI, S. (2012). Toyotaryzm. Wyniki badań BOST. Wydawnictwo Menedżerskie PTM. Warszawa.
BORKOWSKI, S., KONSTANCIAK, M. (2010). Toyotarity. Standardization in enterprises. Wyd. Makovetsky,
Dnipropetrovsk.
BORKOWSKI, S., ULEWICZ, R. (2008). Zarządzania produkcją, systemy produkcyjne. Wyd. Humanitas, Sosnowiec, 2008.
BORKOWSKI, S., INGALDI. M. (2014). Pojęcie standaryzacji i jej znaczenie. Toyotaryzm. Ujęcie standaryzacji
w metodzie BOST. Monografia naukowa. Red. nauk. Stanisław Borkowski, Manuela Ingaldi. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Stowarzyszenia Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji, Częstochowa p. 9-20.
BORKOWSKI, S., SZKLARZYK, P., KONP, K. (2014). Transformation methods of production organization
from the far east to the metal industry in Poland, Manufacturing Technology, journal for science, research and
production. Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 125-130.
KLIMECKA-TATAR, D. (2014). The powdered magnets technology improvement by biencapsulation method
and its effect on mechanical properties. Manufacturing Technology, journal for science, research and production.
March, Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages 30-36
LIKER, J. K. (2005). Droga Toyoty: 14 zasad zarządzania wiodącej firmy produkcyjnej świata.Wyd. MT Biznes,
Warszawa.
SYGUT, P., KLIMECKA-TATAR, D., SZKLARZYK, P. (2013). Round Bars Production Process Improvement
Including the Toyota Management Principles. Toyotarity. Evoluation and Processes'/Products' Improvement.
Monograph. Scientific Editors Stanisław Borkowski, Manuela Ingaldi. p. 95-105.
SYGUT, P., LABER, K., BORKOWSKI, S. (2012). Investigation of the non-uniform temperature distribution on
the metallic charge length during round bars rolling process, Manufacturing Technology, journal for science, research and production. December. Vol. 12, No 13, s. 260-263.
Paper number: M201654
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Improving the Quality of Castings Using Thermovision
Miroslava Ťavodová, Daniela Kalincová
Faculty of Environmental and Manufacturing Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Študentská 26, 960 53. Slovak
republic. E-mail: tavodova@tuzvo.sk, kalincova@tuzvo.sk
The paper gives practical using of thermovision for quality casts assessment, which are casting to permanent
moulds. Thermovision allows monitoring temperature of moulds and their cooling process by refrigerant medium
in foundry engineering. It helps when the problems with elimination internal defects exist. Tests in experiment
were implemented by DAS scan and local surface modification of water cores of cylinder heads. Cylinder heads
are produced by ROTACAST foundry technology. Results of experiment showed that in location of defects is no
directionally solidified. It is necessary to modify tools to defect eliminate. Tests consist of four parts. Each test has
its contribution to improve the situation. The last test, when were implemented the heating cartridges was most
effective and the problem was eliminated.
Keywords: Thermovizion, Cast, Quality, DAS Scan, Defect
References
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80-8070-485-6.
KALINCOVÁ, D., ŤAVODOVÁ, M., ČIERNA, H. (2015). Root cause analysis for identifying defects in the
process of cylinder head castings from aluminium alloy In. Manufacturing Technology. - Vol. 15, No. 4 ISSN
1213-2489, pp. 546-553.
PASTIRČÁK, R. BOLIBRUCHOVÁ, D. SLÁDEK A. (2009). Teória zlievania, Žilinská univerzita v Žiline,
2009, ISBN 978-80-89401-04-8, 155 p.
JÁNOŠ, V. (2016). Sledovanie kvality hliníkových odliatkov pri odlievaní do trvalých foriem pomocou termografie: bakalárska práca. Zvolen: Technická univerzita vo Zvolene. Fakulta environmentálnej a výrobnej techniky.
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MICHNA, Š., NOVÁ, I. (2008). Technologie a zpracování kovových materiálů. Adin, s.r.o. Prešov 2008, ISBN
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TILLOVÁ, E., CHALUPOVÁ, M., HURTALOVÁ, L., ĎURINÍKOVÁ, E. (2011). Quality control of
microstructure in recycled Al-Si cast alloys. In. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 11, No. 11, ISSN 1213–2489,
pp. 70-76.
BOLIBRUCHOVÁ, D., RICHTÁRECH, L. (2013). Study of the gas content in aluminum alloys, In: Manufacturing technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, ISSN 1213–2489, pp.14-20.
CZAN, A., STANČEKOVA, D., SVITANA, M., JURKY, M. (2011). Termovizni diagnostika obraběcich strojů.
Strojírenská technologie, No.1, pp. 3-9, ISSN 1211-4162.
NÁPRSTKOVÁ, N., MICHNA, Š., LUKAČ, I. (2011). Aplikace fraktografie při řešeni problematiky kvality
odlitků. Strojírenská technologie, No.4, pp. 62-66, ISSN 1211-4162
MULLER, M., PAVELKA, R. (2011). Testovani seriovych a opravarenskych natěrů aplikovanych v automobilovem průmyslu. Strojirenska technologie červen 2012, ročník XVII., číslo 3 ISSN 1211-4162
Paper number: M201655
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The Research of Options for the Innovation Heat Treatment of the Tools for Coinage in Order to Increase their Lifetime
Miroslava Ťavodová1, Daniela Kalincová1, Rudolf Kaštan2
1
Faculty of Environmental and Manufacturing Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Študentská 26, 960 53. Slovak republic. E-mail: tavodova@tuzvo.sk, kalincova@tuzvo.sk.
2
Mincovňa Kremnica, State Enterprise. Slovak Republic. E-mail: rudolf.kastan@gmail.com
This paper describes research in technology of the heat treatment for tool steel Böhler K455 designed for cold
work. The aim of the research was based on operational experiments to draft procedures for heat treatment of the
tools in a vacuum hardening furnace. Testing of two alternative methods and comparison of the state of
microstructure and the mechanical properties with the current state of these indicators of dies quality will
highlight the importance of introducing innovations to achieve higher lifetime of dies and the justification for the
purchase of new technological equipment.
Keywords: coining dies, heat treatment, innovation, quality of properties, lifetime
References
ŠUGÁR, P., ŠUGÁROVÁ, J. (2009). Výrobné technológie: zlievanie, zváranie, tvárnenie. Banská Bystrica DALIBB, 2009, 291 s. ISBN 978-80-89090-587.
ZDRAVECKÁ, E., FECSU, Š. (2010). Zvyšovanie životnosti nástrojov pri tvárnení za studena. [online]. 2012.
[cit. 2012-11-16] Dostupné na internete: < http://www.tribotechnika.sk/tribotechnika-22010/zvysovanie-zivotnosti-nastrojov-pri-tvarneni-za-studena.html>.
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BÖHLER. 2013. K 455 - prospekt firmy. [online]. 2013. [cit. 2013.05.16] Dostupné na internete: http://www.bohler.sk/slovak/files/downloads/023_BOHLER_K455.pdf
VOJTĚCH, D., (2010). Materiály a jejich mezní stavy, Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Prahe, 212 s.,
ISBN 978-800-7080-741-5
VALÁŠEK, P. (2015). Influence of Surface Treatment of Steel Adherends on Shear Strength of Filled Resins.
Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, No. 3, ISSN 1213–248
HRUBÝ, J., RENTKA, J., SCHINDLEROVÁ, V., KREJČÍ, L., ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, X. (2013). Possibilities of prediction of service life of forming tools. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 178-181, ISSN 1213-2489.
HRUBÝ, J., SCHINDLEROVÁ, V., RENTKA, J. (2015). Degradation Processes in the Contact Layers of Forming
Tools. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, No.5, pp. 836-842, ISSN 1213–2489 26.
Paper number: M201656
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A Measuring Device for the Checking of 3D Indicators
Šárka Tichá1, Ondřej Srba2, Jan Vavřina2
1
Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Engineering, VŠB-Technical University of
Ostrava. 17. listopadu 15/2172, 70833 Ostrava-Poruba. Czech Republic. E-mail:sarka.ticha@vsb.cz
2
UNIMETRA Company Ltd., Těšínská 773/396, 71600 Ostrava-Radvanice, Czech Republic. E-mail: ondrej.srba@unimetra.cz, jan.vavrina@unimetra.cz
This paper was based on the cooperation the Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology
with company accredited by Czech Institute for Accreditation. It deals with issues of calibration 3D indicators.
Generally, the calibration of non-specified working gauges integral part of every company, which uses such gauges.
Checking/calibration of measuring instruments is important for ensuring the uniformity and accuracy of measurements to ensure continuity of measurement results. The paper deals with streamlining the process of calibration
of indicators 3D design and practical verification of appropriate gauge for the calibration. The target of innovation
is to eliminate the errors and shortcomings of the current solutions. In the conclusion are the results of calibration
by help current and new solution checking device and their comparison.
Keywords: 3D indicator, calibration, checking device, calibration procedure
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund in the IT4 Innovations Centre of Excellence
project CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0070 and by Education for Competitiveness Operational Programme financed by Structural
Founds of Europe Union in project Integrita CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0037 and by Student Grant Competitions SP2015/116
and SP2015/129 financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava.
References
SRBA, O. (2013). Calibration of the 3D Taster. Thesis. Ostrava: VŠB-TU Ostrava, 100 p.
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Institute, 70 p.
ČSN EN ISO 10012-1. (2003). Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipment - Part 1: Metrological
confirmation system for measuring equipment. Prague: Czech Standards Institute, 27 p.
ČSN EN ISO 9493. (2011). Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Dimensional measuring equipment: Dial
test indicators (lever type) – Design and metrological characteristics. Prague: The Office for Standards, Metrology
and State Testing, 27 p.
ČSN EN ISO 463. (2006). Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Dimensional measuring equipment – Design and metrological characteristics of mechanical dial gauges. Prague: Czech Standards Institute, 18 p.
JANOŠ, M., MRKVICA, I. (2010). Design of Jig for Turbo-blower Support Machining. Návrh přípravku pro
obrábění podpěr turbodmychadel. Strojírenská technologie. Volume XIV. Special issue. Ústí nad Labem: UJEP
Ústí nad Labem, pp. 96-99. ISSN 1211-4162
KOBAYOSHI, M., CHUI, Q. S. H. (2005). The positioning influence of dial gauges on their calibration results. Measurement Journal of the International Measurement Confederation. Volume 38. Issue 1. São Paulo:
Elsevier Ltd., pp. 67-76. ISSN 263-2241
MARTÍN, M. J., FLORES, I., SEBASTIÁN, M. Á. (2009). Analysis of standards and specific documentation
about equipment of dimensional metrology. 3rd Manufacturing Engineering Society International Conference.
MESIC 2009. Alcoy-Spain: June 2009, pp. 213-221. ISSN 0094243X. ISBN 978-073540722-0
Paper number: M201657
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The Study of Deformation Behaviour of DC06 Deep Drawing Steel
Michal Tregler1, Pavel Kejzlar2, Tomáš Pilvousek3, Zuzana Andršová2, Lukáš Voleský2
1
Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska
1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic. Email: michal.tregler@tul.cz
2
Department of the Preparation and Analysis of Nanostructures; Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies
and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic. Email: pavel.kejzlar@tul.cz, lukas.volesky@tul.cz, zuzana.andrsova@email.cz
3
Škoda Auto, VFS1, V. Klementa 869, 293 60 Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. Email: tomas.pilvousek@skodaauto.cz
The occurrence of any cracks or defects in car body parts processed by deep drawing technology is not allowed by
high quality standards. This kind of defect is considered as the most dangerous for the process quality and stability
because it cannot be easily detected during the manufacturing in the steel plant and also in final inspection after
pressing, that’s why the occurrence of these defects has always to be studied in detail. For the prevention of defects,
it is necessary to study the deformation behaviour of the material in the immediate vicinity the crack tip in detail.
For the study the controlled scratched samples were tensile deformed and then were studied using UHR-SEM
equipped witd EBSD detector. The EBSD technique allowed detailed inspection of the effect of deformation on the
grain structure as changes in grain orientation or local crystal lattice missorientation and thus directly observe
and evaluate both, elastic and plastic strain. Obtained results showed that the scratch does not affect deformability
of the DC06 deep drawing sheet negatively due to too large tip radius with respect to low sheet thickness.
Keywords: EBSD, Deformation, Stress, Strain, Structure
Acknowledgement
Authors wish to thank to the institutional support of Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Materials and to the project LO1201 “Národní program udržitelnosti I” and to the Škoda Auto
a.s. that participated on the presented research.
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Scientific.net
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EN 10 152 Electrolytically zinc coated cold rolled steel flat products for cold forming - Technical delivery conditions. Škoda Auto a.s. - internal factory documents.
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Paper number: M201658
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Research of the Chemical Heterogeneity during Crystallization for AlCu4MgMn Alloy and
the Possibility of its Elimination.
Viktorie Weiss
The Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice.
E-mail: 19638@mail.vstecb.cz
Crystal segregation is taken as chemical heterogeneity under the micro-scale and it develops during the crystallization process. Alloy crystallization does not take place under a particular temperature, as it happens in the case
of pure metals, but it runs under a certain temperature interval. When cooling the melt, various places start development among dendritic cells which differ in their chemical composition. Crystal segregation can be generally
defined as chemical heterogeneity developing during the alloy crystallization process, and it can be either en-riched
or in contrast depleted with alloying elements and impurities, which are unevenly segregating over the en-tire
dendritic surface. In the central part of the dendritic cells there is an alloy, which is depleted with alloying elements,
while the edge areas of dendritic cells and interdendrite space present higher concentration of alloying elements.
This concentration shows a hyperbolic development; when the central part of dendritic cells area has the lowest
alloying elements concentration, while the edge part of a dendritic tree and the interdendrite space show the maximum concentration. The distance between two main axes of dendritic cells is affected by the temperature interval
running between the liquid and solid phase of the chosen alloy, as well as by melt cooling rate and temperature
gradient during the solidification phase. The shorter distance between the axes of dendritic cells appears under
faster cooling, which allows very fast heat dissipation and creates very fine structure of the resulting alloy. The
longer distance between the main axes of dendritic cells stimulates greater segregation appearing under slow melt
cooling.
Crystal segregation formation of aluminum alloys enriched with alloying elements and impurities cannot be prevented, only its extension can be regulated and it can be suppressed with the correct choice of heat treatment
parameters. To suppress the crystal segregation the casts should undergo heat treatment which is called homogenization annealing.
Keywords: homogenization annealing, AlCu4MgMn alloy, crystal segregation, EDX analysis, image analysis
References
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WEISS, V., STŘIHAVKOVÁ, E. (2012). Influence of the homogenization annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of AlZn5,5Mg2,5Cu1,5 alloy, Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No, 13, ISSN 1213 -2489.
STŘIHAVKOVA, E., WEISS, V. (2012) The Identification of the struktures new type Al-Si-Mg Ca alloys with
different Ca kontent using of the color metallography, Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No, 13, ISSN 1213 2489.
WEISS, V. (2012). Hodnoceni vlivu teploty a doby homogenizačního žíhaní slitiny AlCu4MgMn z hlediska mikrostruktury, obrazové analýzy a metody EDX, Strojírenská technologie, ročník XVII, ISSN 1211 – 4162.
WEISS, V., STŘIHAVKOVÁ, E. (2011). Optimalizace homogenizačního žíhaní slitiny AlCu4MgMn, Strojírenská technologie, ročník XVI, ISSN 1211 – 4162.
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WEISS, V. (2012). Hodnoceni vlivu teploty a doby homogenizačního žíhaní slitiny AlCu4MgMn z hlediska mikrostruktury, obrazové analýzy a metody EDX, Strojírenská technologie, ročník XVII, ISSN 1211 – 4162.
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MICHNA, Š., NÁPRSTKOVÁ, N. (2012). The use of fractography in the analysis of cracking after formed workpiece blank mechanical machining from the AlCuSnBi alloy, Manufacturing Technology, Vol.12, No 13. ISSN
1213 -2489.
NOVÁK, M. (2013). Differences at the Surface Roughness by the ELID and Grinding Technology. In Manufacturing Technology, roč. 13, No. 2, UJEP: Ústí n. Labem. 210 – 215 pp. ISSN 1213-2489.
Paper number: M201659
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Effect of Shot Peening on the Fatigue Properties of 40NiCrMo7 steel
Denisa Závodská1, Mario Guagliano2, Otakar Bokůvka3, Libor Trško4
University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia. E-mail: denisa.zavodska@fstroj.uniza.sk
2
Politecnico di Milano, Department of Mechanics, Via La Masa 1, 201 58 Milano, Italy. E-mail: mario.guagliano@polimi.it
3
University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Research Centre of University of Žilina, Univerzitná
8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia. E-mail: otakar.bokuvka@fstroj.uniza.sk
4
University of Žilina, Research Centre of University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia. E-mail: libor.trško@rc.uniza.sk
1
Fatigue properties of 40NiCrMo7 low alloy steel in the high cycle region were tested by rotating bending fatigue
loading (f = 40 Hz, T = 20 5 , R = -1) on notched specimens after application of shot peening surface treatment
(cast steel balls with diameter of 0.43 mm, Almen intensity 12A, coverage 100 % and consequently the surface was
re-peened with glass beads to decrease the final roughness). The compressive residual stresses created by shot
peening increased the time necessary for fatigue crack initiation what in the final case increased fatigue properties.
The fatigue limit σc was higher for almost 28 % in the case of notched shot peened specimens.
Keywords:40NiCrMo7 low alloy steel, fatigue lifetime, shot peening, residual stresses
Acknowledgements
The research was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract grant No. 1/0123/15
(45 %), project APVV-14-096 (45%) and project Research Centre of the University of Žilina, ITMS 26220220183
(10 %).
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ZÁVODSKÁ, D., GUAGLIANO, M., BOKŮVKA, O., TRŠKO, L. (2015). Fatigue resistance of low alloy steel
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X5CrNi18-10 stainless steel. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, pp. 322-329.
Paper number: M201660
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Research on Mechanical Properties of Adhesive Bonds Reinforced with Fabric with Glass
Fibres
Jan Zavrtálek, Miroslav Müller
Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Czech Republic. E-mail: zavrtalek@tf.czu.cz,
muller@tf.czu.cz.
In this paper the mechanical behaviour of structural two-component epoxy adhesives in T-joints is experimentally
investigated. Laboratory experiments were performed on standardized test specimens of structural carbon steel
S235J0 made according to standard ČSN ISO 11339.
The aim of experiments was to confirm or disprove a hypothesis about a possibility to increase the adhesive bond
peeling strength by means of an interlayer from glass fibres.
The research was focused on an effect of an improving a resistance of the adhesive bond stressed by peeling by
adding an interlayer created by fabric from glass fibres. The testing of these properties was performed in accordance with standard ČSN EN ISO 11339. An epoxy resin was used as the adhesive for connecting adherents created
by sheets of steel. The fabric from glass fibres of the type E in a plain weave was added as the reinforcement for
creating the composite bond. For optimization of properties of the composite bond it was used various weight in
grams of fabric in the extent of 80, 110, 160, 220 g/m2.
Keywords: Adhesive bond strength, peeling strength, T-joint, two-component epoxy adhesives
Acknowledgement
This paper has been done when solving the grant IGA TF (2015:31140/1312/3106).
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Paper number: M201661
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Influence of Selected Iron Correctors to Solidification of Secondary AlSi10MgMn Alloy
Maria Zihalova1, Dana Bolibruchova1, Jaromir Cais2
1
Department of Technological Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1,
010 26 Zilina. Slovak Republic. E-mail: maria.zihalova@fstroj.uniza.sk, danka.bolibruchova@fstroj.uniza.sk
2
Faculty of Production Technology and Management, J. E. Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem. Pasteurova 3334/7,
400 01 Usti nad Labem. Czech Republic. E-mail: cais@fvtm.ujep.cz
Secondary (recycled) aluminium alloys are still not widely used in the foundry industry, because of the higher
amounts of impurities that require more strictly control of the manufacturing process. The most problematic impurity of aluminium cast alloys is iron, which is in alloy mostly present in form of hard and brittle intermetallic
phases. Such phases are thought to be detrimental to alloy mechanical and foundry properties and have to be
removed or modified to eliminate negative effects. Several techniques might be used to this purpose, from which
the most beneficial seems to be addition of some elements, so-called “iron correctors”. Influence of the iron
correctors can be also analysed by thermal analysis that serve as a tool to prediction of solidification behaviour of
the alloy. Influence of V, Cr and Ni (alone and in selected combinations) to solidification behaviour of AlSi10MgMn
alloy with increased iron level is presented in this article. Selected iron correctors influenced temperatures of thermal arrests representing formation of primary aluminium, iron intermetallics and also eutectic silicon.
Keywords: AlSi10MgMn alloy, Intermetallic phase, Iron correctors, Thermal analysis
Acknowledgement
This research was created within the framework of the grant project VEGA N° 1/0363/13. The authors acknowledge
the grant agency for support.
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Paper number: M201662
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Contactless Thermal Bending of Steel Sheets
Andrej Zrak, Jozef Meško, Ján Moravec, Rastislav Nigrovič, Dalibor Kadáš
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1, 010 08 Žilina. Slovak Republic. E-mail: andrejzrak@gmail.com, jozef.mesko@fstroj.uniza.sk, jan.moravec@fstroj.uniza.sk,
rastislav.nigrovic@fstroj.uniza.sk, dalibor.kadas@fstroj .uniza.sk
The article deals with contactless thermal forming of metals. In the introduction the bending theory of components
by using flame technology is described. On the basics of information obtained from the analysis of previous research a technological procedure was developed. This technology uses gained characteristics of material behavior
in the process of heterogeneous circumferential heating. The principal of material concentrating in the process of
local heating the area which is placed in a quasi prism leads to a bending moment. This bending moment evokes
deformation of the material which was compacted this way. Application of subscribed technology pushes the limits
of forming to a higher level because by using conventional forming processes the trajectory of the component is
not straight but curved. Because of this phenomenon it would be necessary to apply forming tools which dynamically change and do not still exist.
Keywords: thermal bending, laser bending, mild steel
Acknowledgement
This contribution was made with the financal assistance of VEGA agency, project No. 1/055/14.
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