Salim Murad
University of South Bohemia
the Czech Republic
murad@pf.jcu.cz
salim.murad@email.cz
How Global Migration Changes the
Workforce Diversity Equation
May 31 - June 1
Faculty Center, UCLA Campus
MILAN KUNDERA
THE TRAGEDY OF CENTRAL EUROPE (1984)
Source: Kundera, M. ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ in: The New
York Review of Books (pre-1986), Vol. 31, No. 007 (Apr. 26, 1984).
ProQuest Central. (pp. 33–38)
Source: Kundera, M. ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ in: The New
York Review of Books (pre-1986), Vol. 31, No. 007 (Apr. 26, 1984).
ProQuest Central. (pp. 33–38)
Source: Kundera, M. ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ in: The New York
Review of Books (pre-1986), Vol. 31, No. 007 (Apr. 26, 1984). ProQuest
Central. (pp. 33–38)
Source: Kundera, M. ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ in: The New York
Review of Books (pre-1986), Vol. 31, No. 007 (Apr. 26, 1984).
ProQuest Central. (pp. 33–38)
The Czech Republic – ethnically heterogenious
past vs ethnically homogenious presence
And what about the future?
Once Czechoslovakia was one of the most heterogenious
countries in all Europe and nowadays the Czech Republic is in
reverse – one of the most homogenious coutries in Europe.
Before the Second World War in there were Czechs, Slovaks,
Germans, Jews, Hungarians, Roma People, Poles and others.
As a result, especially after the split of Czechoslovakia Czechs
can ask the famous ironic question of political scientist Petr Pithart
“Are we finally alone?”
Source: Míšková, Segert in: Mareš, M; Strmiska, M.: Political participation by ethnic minorities in the Czech Republic. In: Sirovátka, T. et
al. The Challenge of Social Inclusion: Minorities and Marginalised Groups in Czech Society. Brno: Společnost pro odbornou literaturu –
Barrister & Principal, 2006. ISBN 80-87029-06-2 (p. 268)
National minorities in the past
1938 – Germany, Sudetenland
March 1939 the Protectorate of Bohemia
and Moravia
Slovakia declared an independent state
1945 - Czechoslovakia regained its
status
1948 - Communist Party took over the
government, totalitarian regime
1945 – Displacement of Germans
The Czech Republic in 2012
10, 548, 527 inhabitants (September 2011)
Ethnic groups
Czech 90.4 %, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%,
other 4% (2001 census)
Czech 63.7 %, Moravian 4.9 %, Slovak 1.4 %,
other (not filled) 30 % (2011 census)
○ Roma
Census 2001: 11 476
Census 2011: 5 199
Religion
predominantly Roman-Catholic (39.2%),
a large proportion of the population are
atheists (39.7%)
(2011 census)
Religion – the Czech Republic
Census 2011
Roman-catholic: 1 083 899
Protestants: 110 246
Ortodox Church: 20 628
Jehovah's Witnesses: 13 097
Greek-catholic 9 927
Jedi: 15 070
Islam: 1 943
(2011 census) In: Preliminary results of the 2011 Population and Housing
Census. Czech Statistical Office:
http://www.czso.cz/sldb2011/eng/redakce.nsf/i/preliminary_results_of_the_2
011_population_and_housing_census Accessed 8 February 2012
Belief that there is a God... (Eurobarometer 2005)
(Source: Drbohlav 2010: 30) Drbohlav, D. (et al.). 2010. Migrace a (i)migranti v Česku: kdo jsme, odkud
přicházíme, kam jdeme? Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON). (p. 30)
Zdroj: (Studio Designiq)
Source: Czech Statistical Office, 2013a
Czech Statistical Office. 2013a. Foreigners: Number of foreigners. [online] Latest update 12-02-2013. Available at:
<http://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci.nsf/engkapitola/ciz_pocet_cizincu> [Accessed 11-05-2013].
Source: Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic
Source: Czech Statistical Office, 2012a
Czech Statistical Office. 2012a. Foreigners: External and internal migration. [online] Latest update 23-04-2012. Available at:
<http://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci.nsf/engkapitola/ciz_migrace> [Accessed 11-05-2013].
Top 5 Citizenship of Foreigners in the CR
Source: Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic
Source: Czech Statistical Office, 2013b
Czech Statistical Office. 2013b. Foreigners: Acquisition of Czech citizenship. [online] Latest update 13-02-2013. Available at:
<http://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci.nsf/engkapitola/ciz_nabyvani_obcanstvi> [Accessed 11-05-2013].
˝The Czech Republic, is according to statistics, the most stringent of the EU with regard to the
acquisition of citizenship. It has the absolute lowest rate of newly acquired citizenship in
relation to the number of legally resident aliens, and together with Lithuania, Slovakia, Poland
and Turkey has the lowest number of newly acquired citizenship in relation to the total
population of the Czech Republic ̏ (Čižinský Pavel, Multikulturní centrum Praha 2012)
Number of Granted Czech Citizenship
(without Slovaks)
2009
2010
Citizenship
1 059 1 121 1 150 1 267 1 495 1 177 1 355 1 027 1 087 1 017
granted
947
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Source: Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic
Source: Drbohlav Dušan: Patterns of immigration in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, a comparative
perspective. In: European Immigrations, Trends, Structures and Policy Implications. Ed Okolski Marek, IMISCOE
Research, Amsterdam University 2012 (p. 186)
Source: Drbohlav Dušan: Patterns of immigration in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, a comparative
perspective. In: European Immigrations, Trends, Structures and Policy Implications. Ed Okolski Marek, IMISCOE
Research, Amsterdam University 2012 (p. 187)
Source: Drbohlav Dušan: Patterns of immigration in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, a comparative
perspective. In: European Immigrations, Trends, Structures and Policy Implications. Ed Okolski Marek, IMISCOE
Research, Amsterdam University 2012 (p. 190)
̋About 38 % of the economically active population in
the Czech Republic is working in the industrial sector
which represents the highest share in an EU country.̏
– Jan Schroth Source: IOM (Schroth, J.: Migration and the Labour Markets in the European Union
(2000 – 2009) Czech Republic http://www.labourmigration.eu/research/report/15-part-1-migration-and-the-labour-marketsin-the-european-union-2000-2009 Accessed 30 May 2013
Prime Minister Petr Nečas recently concluded, the
Czech Republic is a small very open and very export
oriented economy (Nečas 2012). In 2012, the GDP of
the Czech Republic will be nearly 80% dependent on
exports. In neighbouring Germany, which is also
considered to be a pro-export economy, the share of
export expressed as a share of GDP is only 50%. The
impact of export on GDP makes the Czech Republic
one of the countries with the largest exports of goods
and services in GDP not only in Europe but globally
(Nečas 2012).
ing. Jaroslav Hanák, chairman of Czech
Transport Association: talked about thousands of
lacking drivers, about the decrease in population curve, about the fact that
the Association had done maximum when promoting the so-called green
“ …the elaborated
study says that by the year 2020 there
must come (to the Czech Republic) four
hundred thousand and by year 2030
eight hundred thousands people from
abroad. The number of people would not
be born in the Czech Republic and they
would be missed here.”
cards and he also expressed that:
Author of this presentation can provide audio recording of the interview from 13. 9. 2007 on Rádio Česko.
GDP growth
Source: www.kurzy.cz In http://www.kurzy.cz/makroekonomika/hdp/
Labour immigration and the Czech Republic in times
of economic crisis
At 31 August 2008 had a total number of 128,934 foreign nationals
from third countries, valid work permit at the end of 2011, only
36,792
foreigners from third countries (minus 88,000!). In the
same period number of „trade license holders“ increased nearly
of16,000 foreigners, the vast majority of them were former
employees who lost their job. According to the report of the Ministry
of Interior on migration and integration in 2011 in this period
voluntarily returned less than a thousand foreigners. Due to the
unavailability of accurate data we can only guess that most of the
missing 65,000 foreigners moved into the informal economy, in
other words into illegality, and probably significantly smaller portion
spontaneously left the Czech Republic
Source: Rozumek Martin Český „boj“ proti nelegálnímu zaměstnávání cizinců.
Organizace pro pomoc uprchlíkům a multikulturní centrum Praha 7. 1. 2013
Response of the state?
Source: Czech Statistical Office, 2012b
Czech Statistical Office. 2012b. Foreigners: Employment. [online] Latest update 20-04-2012. Available at:
<http://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci.nsf/engkapitola/ciz_zamestnanost> [Accessed 11-05-2013].
Attitudes Towards Immigrants
Are citizens of different nationality that
came recently a problem? (whole country)
Yes, they are
No, they are not
Don´t know
Source:Naše spolecnost 2013; CVVM Sociologický ústav AV CR,
v.v.i.
Are citizens of different nationality that
came recently a problem? (in area of your
residence)
Yes, they are
Source:Naše spolecnost 2013,; CVVM Sociologický
No, they are not ústav AV CR, v.v.i.
Don´t know
Source: STEM for the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. In: The Issue of Extremism in the Czech
Republic in 2010, Evaluation of the Policy for Combating Extremism, 2011 Policy for Combating Extremism.
http://www.mvcr.cz/mvcren/article/documents-on-the-fight-against-extremism.aspx Accessed 30 May 2013 (p. 60 )
Whom Czechs would prefer not to have as a neighbour
Addict on narcotics
Criminals
Alcoholics
Roma
Right-wing extremist
Immigrants
Left-wing extremist
People with AIDS
Homosexuals
Muslims
Emotionally unstable
Different race
Numerous family
Jews
0
20
40
60
80
100
Source: IVVM 2000: Katrňák T. a Rabušic L. Anomie a vztah k minoritám v české společnosti In Menšiny a marginalizované
skupiny v České republice, MU Brno 2002
HOW WOULD YOU SUPPORT HAVING … FOR A
NEIGHBOUR? (in %)
Slovak
Englishman
Frenchman
Pole
American
German
Jew
Volynian or Kazakh Czech
Inhabitants of former Yugoslavia
Vietnamese
Chinese
Russian
Ukrainian
Afghan
Arab
Chechen
Roma
STEM. On-line at:
http://www.stem.cz/clanek/2195.
[Accessed on August 17th, 2012]
Very well, without
problems
With difficulties
I wouldn´t find it pleasant
I would consider it unacceptable
Graph 1: What is important for not being perceived as a foreigner?
To speak Czech
To work in the Czech Republic
To know the Czech history, culture
To have the citizenship
To live here at least 10 years
To particip. in the local soc. activ.
To marry a Czech
To buy a house, flat here
To have fair skin
very
important
rather
important
not so
important
not
important
doesn´t
know
Source: (CVVM 2012) Buchtík Martin: Postoje české veřejnosti k cizincům– březen
2012, http://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/vztahy-a-zivotni-postoje/postoje-ceske-verejnosti-kcizincum-brezen-2012 Accessed 30 May 2013
Literature:
Čižinský Pavel, Stručná analýza některých problémů návrhu zákona o státním občanství ČR.
Multikulturní centrum Praha 2012 http://www.migraceonline.cz/cz/e-knihovna/strucna-analyzanekterych-problemu-navrhu-zakona-o-statnim-obcanstvi-cr Accessed 30 May 2013
Drbohlav Dušan: Patterns of immigration in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, a comparative
perspective. In: European Immigrations, Trends, Structures and Policy Implications. Ed Okolski
Marek, IMISCOE Research, Amsterdam University 2012 (pp. 179 – 209)
Drbohlav, D. (et al.). 2010. Migrace a (i)migranti v Česku: kdo jsme, odkud přicházíme, kam jdeme?
Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON).
IVVM 2000: Katrňák T. a Rabušic L. Anomie a vztah k minoritám v české společnosti In Menšiny a
marginalizované skupiny v České republice, MU Brno 2002
Kundera, M. ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ in: The New York Review of Books (pre-1986), Vol. 31,
No. 007 (Apr. 26, 1984). ProQuest Central. (pp. 33–38)
Míšková, Segert in: Mareš, M; Strmiska, M.: Political participation by ethnic minorities in the Czech
Republic. In: Sirovátka, T. et al. The Challenge of Social Inclusion: Minorities and Marginalised
Groups in Czech Society. Brno: Společnost pro odbornou literaturu – Barrister & Principal, 2006.
ISBN 80-87029-06-2 (p. 268)
Nečas, P. (2012). [online] Tisková konference premiéra Petra Nečase a ministra průmyslu a obchodu
Martina Kuby ke strategii českého exportu. http://web2006.vlada.cz/cz/media-centrum/tiskovekonference/tiskova-konference-premiera-petra-necase-a-ministra-prumyslu-a-obchodu-martina-kubyke-strategii-ceskeho-exportu--6--unora-2012-92687/ Accessed 12 March 2012
Rozumek Martin Český „boj“ proti nelegálnímu zaměstnávání cizinců. Organizace pro pomoc
uprchlíkům a multikulturní centrum Praha 7. 1. 2013 http://www.migraceonline.cz/cz/eknihovna/cesky-boj-proti-nelegalnimu-zamestnavani-cizincu-2 Accessed 2 April 2013
Schroth, J.: Migration and the Labour Markets in the European Union (2000 – 2009) Czech Republic
http://www.labourmigration.eu/research/report/15-part-1-migration-and-the-labour-markets-in-theeuropean-union-2000-2009 Accessed 30 May 2013
Thank you for your attention