March, 2015
Journal of Resources and Ecology
J. Resour. Ecol. 2015 6 (2) 065-072
DOI:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2015.02.001
www.jorae.cn
Vol.6 No.2
Silk Road
Resources, Environment and Economic Patterns and
Sustainable Development Modes of the Silk Road Economic Belt
DONG Suocheng1, LI Zehong1*, LI Yu1, SHI Guangyi1, YU Huilu2, WANG Juanle1, LI Jun3, MAO Qiliang4 and
HUANG Yongbin1,2
1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China;
4 Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
Abstract: The paper analyzes the distribution pattern of resources, ecological environment, society and economy,
and holds that it is conducive to Silk Road countries to carry out Omni-directional and multi-level economic
cooperation. Then the article puts forth main modes and paths of sustainable economic development for the Silk
Road Economic Belt (SREB): ecological civilization mode, regional economic integration mode, transportation
economic belt mode and international tourism economic zone mode. Finally, the article summarizes the key
scientific issues for the sustainable development in the SREB and puts forward several action projects which
include establishing International Scientists League and Think Tanks, establishing international information sharing
platform and scientific policy-making system of ecological environment and sustainable development of the
SREB, starting international science cooperation and technology traineeship program of the SREB, founding the
international cooperation committee in the SREB and founding transnational construction and win-win cooperation
mechanism of coping with climate change and ecological environment.
Key words: resources; environment and economic patterns; economic cooperation; sustainable development; key
scientific issues; Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB)
1 Introduction
President XI Jinping proposed a Silk Road Economic Belt
strategy, on a visit to Kazakhstan in Sep., 2013, to promote
greater cooperation, development and prosperity among the
countries of Asia, Europe and Africa. Silk Road Economic
Belt (SREB), across Asia, Europe and Africa, covers an area
of 55.39 × 106 km2, accounting for about 43% of the world
total, according to our research, its population (4.67 billion)
and GDP (27.4 trillion USD) account for 66.9% and 38.2%,
respectively (Dong et al. 2014). To build international SREB,
under complex geopolitical context, it should highlight
distribution patterns of natural resources and socio-economic
situation, thereby making scientific regional sustainable
development strategies: under the ecological civilization
framework, promoting cooperation and mutual trust of
ecology, environment, natural resources, tourism and culture
amongst countries.
In order to implement the strategy of building the SREB
put forward by Chairman XI Jinping, we initiated and
convened a successful “International Conference on Ecology,
Environment and Sustainable Development of Silk Road
Economic Belt” from June 15 to 16 of 2014. The conference
was approved by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
and sponsored by Institute of Geographic Sciences and
Natural Resources Research, CAS, supported by National
Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science
and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, China
Development Bank and State Administration of Foreign
Experts Affairs, the P. R. of China. The collaborative
Received: 2014-09-15 Accepted: 2015-02-11
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271556; 41101117); National Natural Science Foundation of China and Russian
Foundation for Basic Research (4141101065; 15-56-53037).
* Corresponding author: LI Zehong. Email: lizehong@igsnrr.ac.cn.
66
scientific research institutions came from Russia, Mongolia,
Pakistan, India, Germany, etc. Two hundred representatives
came from seventeen nations, the Untied Nation
Organizations, and nineteen China government departments.
The theme of this meeting is to unite international scientists
to study potential strategies and new development modes
which are conducive to ecological environment, sustainable
development, and international cooperation platform
construction in the SREB. This meeting has gained fruitful
achievements and profound influences.
More than 40 participants from 17 countries gave the
conference keynote reports. The participants agreed and
supported the strategic construction of the SREB, and also
put forward that the science and technology is the main
motivation. As the conference Chairman, academician
SUN Honglie, the former president of CAS, pointed out
that the science and technology exchange is important in
the Silk Road which needs comprehensive researches in
scientific community. The Co-Chairman academician SUN
Jiulin mentioned that most regions along the Silk Road
are ecological fragile and the environment is relatively
poor, those challenges need international scientists’
cooperative research to cope with. Academician Arnold
K. TULOKHONOV who is one member of Russian
federal Assembly emphasized that science and technology
innovation should be one of the important contents.
FANG Xin, the deputy secretary of the Communist Party
Committee of CAS, the academician of the Academy of
Developing Countries, pointed out that the construction of
the SREB is the international trend which will benefit to
the people all over the world, we must strengthen policy
communication, culture exchange, science cooperation and
technology cooperation, etc.
This conference proposed some main international
scientific questions in building of the SREB. Akhmetkal
MEDEU, the academician and the director of Kazakhstan
National Institute of Geographical Research, has proposed
some key questions related to the infrastructure and
macroeconomic environment construction in SREB. Ramiz
MAMEDOV, the academician of Azerbaijan Academy of
Sciences, has proposed the ecological vulnerability and
complexity in building of the SREB in central Asia. DONG
Suocheng, professor of Institute of Geographic Sciences
and Natural Resources Research and the vice-chairman of
this conference, has proposed six international scientific
questions and the models of sustainable development
and innovation in SREB, which were well recognized
by all participants. Peter BAKLANOV, the academician
of Russian Academy of Sciences, has proposed the
development model of traffic economic belt in the north
of the trans-continent of Eurasia. Igor S. ZONN, the
academician of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, has
proposed the transformation approach from the Great Silk
Road to the Oil and Gas Transactions Road.
We selected some papers which are broadly representative
Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.6 No.2, 2015
from over 40 conferences keynote reports, which reflected
patterns of resources, environment, economy and culture
of the SREB from different perspective, explored ways to
make SREB supported by science and technology. Through
these works, common concern from international academic
world can be aroused and guided to support this great
strategy, which can benefit people of every country along
the Silk Road, improve cooperation and mutual benefits and
promote global economic development. We hope that more
and more far-sighted people can actively participate in the
great enterprise of exploring and constructing of SREB.
2 Resource and environment pattern of SREB
2.1 The background of ecology and environment of
the SREB
The geographical, ecological and environmental condition
is influencing the SREB. According to the requirements
of the planning and construction of the SREB, a serial
of ecology and environmental factors are analyzed as
below, including soil, land use, land cover, ecological
zone, temperature, precipitation, atmospheric circulation,
sandstorm, pollutants, and so on.
Natural environment in the SREB is complicated.
The elevation of most area along the Silk Road is below
3500 m, which accounts for 95.96%. The areas below
200 m accounts for 31.30% and below 1000 m accounts
for 77.33% (Li et al. 2014). This situation fit for resource
exploitation and economic development at various step.
In the research area, the area of Leptosol-LP soil
grouping (very shallow soils over hard rock or in
unconsolidated very gravelly material) is the largest in all
types of soil groupings.
The western and eastern of Silk Road Economic Belt
cover grassland, forest, belonging to developed economic
area; while the middle of the SREB cover barren, shrub
land, belonging to developing area.
The SREB has higher temperature and lack precipitation,
and is influenced by global change, many problems need to
be jointly solved by people of surrounding countries. The
desertification is serious in this zone. Average wind field
in spring from 2011 to 2014, is controlled by westerly jet
at the middle and higher troposphere. Pollutants and dust
originated from North Africa, Europe, Middle East, and
Middle Asia were transported to East Asia by westerly jet.
The spatial distribution of pollutants in the SREB have its
own characters. Total, dust and sulfate AOD (aerosol optical
depth) indicate that dust storm was frequent in this area in
spring, and pollutants were mainly originated from East
Asia, Southern Asia and Europe. The source area of sulfate,
organic carbon and black carbon are East Asia and Europe,
and the most important source is North Africa. The most
important emissions and deposition areas of sulfur, nitrogen
are East Asia and Western Europe, while phosphorus are
North Africa and Middle East (Li et al. 2014).
DONG Suocheng, et al.: Resources, Environment and Economic Patterns and Sustainable Development Modes of the Silk Road Economic Belt
Table 1 The percentage of nonferrous metal reserve of the
SREB countries in the world (unit: %).
2.2 Natural resources pattern
For centuries, the countries along the Silk Road have
inherent advantages of resources cooperation and wide
development space of resources market due to adjacency
relationship.
Middle East is abundant in oil; Russia, Central Asia and
North Africa have abundant oil and gas resources; the area
of resources’ production is not identical to its consumption
area. SREB is the most centralized area of coal exploitation
and consumption in the world, there is vast cooperation
space for energy resources trade in SERB.
The Silk Road Economic Belt is a global main production
and consumption areas of non-ferrous metal mineral and
iron mineral. The main production areas of iron ore, copper
ore and bauxite are not identical to its main consumption
areas. Nonferrous metals are rich in China, Central Asia,
Russia and Mongolia (Table 1). China’s consumption and
exploitation is quite huge, especially nonferrous metals,
such as tungsten, lead, antimony and molybdenum, which
made great contribution to world economy.
For three minerals of iron ore, copper ore and bauxite,
China is one of the biggest consumption countries in the
world, but the reserves of these three minerals in China are
limited, its reserves in China just can meet demand of 20
years, so there will be a huge demand gap. On the contrary,
other countries in the economic Zone, such as Russia
and Kazakhstan, which metal mine reserve is rich with
limited consumption demand, have a huge possible space
to enhance its metal mineral export. Spatial dismatch of
consumption and production areas of nonferrous metals is
beneficial to international natural resource trade.
To some extent, for the emerging market economies,
Mineral resources China
Copper ore
Bauxite
Uranium ore
Tungsten ore
Nickel ore
Cobalt ore
Gold ore
Potassium salt ore
Lead ore
Zinc ore
Antimony ore
Tin ore
Phosphorus ore
Molybdenum ore
4.4
3.0
4.4
59.4
4.0
1.1
3.7
2.2
15.7
17.2
52.8
30.6
5.5
39.1
Other
Central
Russia Mongolia
countries
Asia
1.0
4.4
0.0
7.9
0.6
0.7
0.0
16.0
14.5
0.6
0.0
3.0
0.0
7.8
0.0
0.4
0.0
8.1
0.0
6.7
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.3
3.3
9.6
0.0
5.8
0.0
34.5
0.0
10.6
0.0
10.3
0.0
2.9
4.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
2.8
19.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.1
0.0
24.9
0.0
1.9
0.0
85.1
1.7
2.3
1.5
1.8
Data source: World mineral resources annual review 2013. Beijing:
Geological Publishing House, 2013.
such as China, India, there is complementary need in metal
resources trade between these countries and other countries
in SREB, and it will become a vaster market in metal
resources trade in the future.
2.3 Economic pattern
Economic development of the Silk Road Zone reveals
three gradients across east, middle, and west (Fig. 1).
The east zone includes emerging economy like China,
N
Legend
Fig. 1 Spatial differentiation of
GDP per capita in the SREB
(2012). Data source: World Bank.
67
GDP per capita (USD)
687-3873
3874-8437
8438-18689
18690-33813
33814-92632
Ancient Silk Road
Trans-Siberian Railway
Maritime Silk Road
0
750 1500
3000
km
68
Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.6 No.2, 2015
Russia and India, large country scale, is in middle age of
industrialization, and economic is continuously growing
rapidly due to institution reform and opening up. The
middle zone includes two typical types. One is high income
countries with abundant endowment of resources, such as
petroleum exporting countries in Middle East; another is
less development countries with abundant endowment of
resources such as Central Asia countries, they are in primary
stage of industrialization, and the economy grows with
relative low speed (Gao 2009; Yu et al. 2014). The west
zone includes EU countries and other developed countries.
Economic development relies on tech innovation, recently,
reveals low economic growth rate due to international
financial crisis.
The east zone is the global manufacturing factory; they
have relative abundant capital, labors and technology
resources. The west zone has advantages in research, brand
and intellectual property with urgent need of development
resources. The middle zone has very abundant natural
resources and its economic development relies on oil
export, but with single industrial structure.
Economic and urban development in coastal areas is
mainly located in the Pacific coast and the Indian Ocean
region. Along river, development of regional economy and
urbanization is mainly distributed eight urban belts. Along
the road, economic and urban development areas are mainly
distributed in the first Eurasian Continental Bridge, the
second Continental Bridge, and the third Mainland Bridge.
The spatial differentiation of urbanization level showed a
decreasing trend from northwest to southeast. The regional
population showed a decreasing trend from southeast to
northwest.
2.4 Tourism industrial pattern
In spatial distribution, natural tourism resources are being
concentrated on inland, which mainly spread in the Eurasia
Land Bridge and the Maritime Silk Road as belts (Fig. 2),
and cultural tourism resources are abundant in coastland,
which spread in the Eurasia Land Bridge and the Maritime
Silk Road as Zones (Fig. 3). In quantity distribution, there
is a decline trend from Europe in the west, Asia and the
Pacific in the east, and the Middle east-Africa in the central
area (Guo 2014).
Tourism economy increased rapidly, which had been
well considered as the most active area all over the world,
but significant differences appear in regional development
speed. Tourism economy shows a distribution characteristic
of two central areas and three development axes, and
emerging economies and traditional capitalist countries
along the Eurasia Land Bridge and the Maritime Silk Road
have been the main influences on the tourism development
in the Silk Road (Fig. 4).
The characteristics of spatial distribution on tourism
resources and tourism economy have high similarity:
western and eastern sides of the Silk Road are the tourism
resources-abundant regions, major tourist markets and
tourism destinations. Central region of the Silk Road is
usually considered as tourism resources- inadequate region
and tourism under-developed region.
3 Main modes and paths of sustainable
economic development for SREB
To promote the level of sustainable development of the
SREB, the best way is to explore a typical mode which is
N
Fig. 2 Distribution density of natural
tourism resources in the Silk Road.
Data source: International Union
for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Legend
Northern route of SR
Middle route of SR
Southern route of SR
Natural tourism resources
Distrib. density (per 104 km2)
0-0.249
0.249-0.336
0.336-0.585
0.585-1.299
1.299-3.347
3.347-9.220
9.220-26.066
26.066-74.380
0
1500
3000
6000
km
69
DONG Suocheng, et al.: Resources, Environment and Economic Patterns and Sustainable Development Modes of the Silk Road Economic Belt
N
Legend
Northern route of SR
Middle route of SR
Southern route of SR
Cultural tourism resources
Distrib. density (per 104 km2)
0-0.031
0.031-0.110
0.110-0.225
0.225-0.366
0.366-0.549
0.549-0.763
0.763-0.988
0.988-1.333
0
1500
3000
Fig. 3 Distribution density of
cultural tourism resources in
the Silk Road. Data source:
International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
6000
km
N
Southeast
European &
Mediterranean
tourism area
The Seco
nd Eurasi
The T
an Land B
hird E
The
urasia
ridge
Mar
n Lan
itim
e Si
d Brid
ge
East &
Southeast Asia
tourism area
lk R
oad
Legend
Tourism' direct contribution to GDP
(Billion USD)
Fig. 4 Distribution pattern of
tourism economy in the Silk
Road. Data source: UNWTO.
0-126.64
126.64-367.83
367.83-848.04
848.04-2387.63
suitable for its basic regional conditions, for its geopolitical
circumstances based on distribution patterns of its resources,
environment, ecology, society and economy.
Main principles that should be obeyed in the process of
revival for the Silk Road include:
Solidarity and mutual trust, cooperation with winwin results, strengthen communication, overall planning,
ecological civilization, green rising; scientific support,
people’s livelihood first.
0
1500
3000
6000
km
3.1 Ecological civilization mode
Passing through agricultural civilization and industrial
civilization, human society is marching towards Ecological
civilization which advocates harmonious coexistence
between human and nature. And the core ideology is to
respect nature, to follow nature, and to protect nature, and
to drive human sustainable development.
The general mode of Ecological civilization: the basic
70
premise is protect the spatial ecology, the crucial support is
good ecological environment, the drive force is flourishing
ecological economy, the leading ideology is advanced
ecological culture, the important guarantee is thorough
ecological regime, the direct behavior is high quality living
environment. Finally, Silk Road ecological civilization
system of six in one will be set up.
The main countermeasures to realize the goal include:
protect important ecological space along Silk Road by
means of natural reserves; build Silk Road ecological
economic Zone on the basis of circular economics; building
monitoring and early warning and emergency system of
ecological environment in SREB; carrying forward culture
of Silk Road and advocating core value of ecological
culture; building convention of ecological civilization
system of Silk Road; building ecological homestead of Silk
Road.
3.2 Regional economic integration mode
Generally speaking, there are two main cooperation types
in resources trade. Firstly, enterprise oriented cooperation
mode. The basic framework of enterprise oriented
cooperation mode is encouraging countries abundant in
natural resources open its mining market to foreign mining
enterprises by means of overseas equity acquisition, venture
investment, capacity purchase, etc (Zhao and Fang 2014).
It has three basic paths to achieve its goals: overseas equity
acquisition, venture investment, and capacity purchase.
Secondly, international geopolitical cooperation mode:
The basic logical framework of the mode is that different
countries with abundance of various resources can
cooperate with each other by constructing national-level
organizations that share common interests. It includes three
modalities: Joint venture development, energy community
mode, and strategic alliance mode (He 2010).
Three strategic steps to create the economic community
of the Silk Road. Firstly, it is need to found regional
common market and rolling program of internationalization
of RMB. Secondly, it can carry out integration of ChinaCentral Asia regional finance, and establish a free trade
area when conditions are ripe for the countries. Thirdly, we
should construct economic community of the Silk Road,
and promote integrated development in the key areas.
Core-periphery interaction and optimization of Eurasian
development spatial pattern: relying on the leading position
of big country of the Silk Road, the unified space of
economic, resources and other aspects of Eurasia should be
remodeled. Taking advantage of the radiation driven effect
of the three great powers of EU, China and Russia, under
the guidance of the concept of “five communication” (policy,
road, trade, circulation and people), and on the basis of
actively promoting the construction of a major thoroughfare,
the “two axes and two belts” spatial development of
continental Silk Road and maritime Silk Road should be
formed. All countries are equal participants, cooperative
Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.6 No.2, 2015
and win-win “community of interests” and “community of
destiny” with mutual benefit (Zhou 2006; Zhang and Yang
2009). Through cooperation and exchanges, the geopolitical
advantage should be turned into the results of pragmatic
cooperation, and eventually forming a rational international
division of labor gradient (Yang et al. 2013; Cao 2007).
3.3 Transportation economic belt mode
Firstly, set Beijing, Almaty, Moscow, Warsaw, Berlin,
Rotterdam along Trans-Siberian Railway; Xi’an, Lanzhou,
Urumqi, Tashkent, Ashgabat, Tehran, Istanbul, and
Budapest along Old Silk Road; Shanghai, Singapore,
Mumbai, Karachi, Dubai, and Cairo along Maritime Silk
Road as pole cities.
Secondly, build 5 passageways linking pole cities,
i n c l u d i n g C e n t r a l P a s s a g e w a y, C h o n g q i n g - E u r o
Passageway, China-India-Bangladesh-Burma Passageway,
Air Express Passageway (Fig. 5), Sea Transportation
Passageways, and form transportation networks.
Thirdly, along transportation networks, centered with
urban agglomeration, form Silk Road transportation
economic belt with 7 zones, including East Asian economic
zone, Central Asian economic zone, Middle East economic
zone, Mediterranean economic zone, West European
economic zone, Middle-Eastern European economic zone,
South Asia economic zone (Fig. 5).
3.4 The development mode of international tourism
economic zone in the Silk Road
The first solution is to build the Silk Road international
tourism union and international ecological and cultural
tourism zones for improving the regional cooperation
mechanism. The strategies contain that building the Silk
Road international tourism union to improve the regional
cooperation mechanism; building international ecological
and cultural tourism zone, route and product by exploring,
packaging, and designing the local tourism resources;
holding international tourism cooperation forum annually
or biannually to create the Silk Road ecological and cultural
tourism brand images and to promote different industries
integration.
The second solution is to build the Silk Road barrierfree tourism zone and special tourism economic zone
for pushing the development of the Silk Road regional
economic integration. The strategies contain that enhancing
tourism planning integration, investment policy integration,
resource exploration integration, tourism route integration,
administrative standard integration, regional market
integration, tourism information integration, tourism
communication integration, tourism visa integration,
clearing form integration to achieve coordinated tourism
development in Silk Road; exempting from all types of
taxes and charges except the profit tax for foreign tourism
enterprise; implementing preferential customs policies
for tourism enterprise in this zone; implementing special
DONG Suocheng, et al.: Resources, Environment and Economic Patterns and Sustainable Development Modes of the Silk Road Economic Belt
71
N
Berlin
Moscow
Yinchuan
Istanbul
Cairo
Beijing
Dubai
Legend
City population
(104 people)
<25
25-50
50-100
100-500
>500
Study area
Central Passageway
Air Express Passageway
Trans-Siberian Railway
Chongqing-Euro Passageway
China-India-Bangladesh-Burma Passageway
Sea Transportation Passageway
0
750 1500
exchange system and flexible visa system to foreign tourist.
The third solution is to build the cooperation platform of
international tourism cities along the Silk Road on the basis
of international friendly cities nowadays. The strategies
contain that developing a common strategy for tourist
visa openness and facilitation in Silk Road; increasing the
number of international port with visa exemption; opening
up international routes, which connect the East Europe and
West Europe by multinational aviation network; improving
the quality of road networks from the central cities to every
tourist attraction in this region; developing tourism routes
and products together; promoting the international cultural
exchange and industry cooperation.
3.5 Technology cultural cooperation mode
To establish long-term cultural exchange mechanism of
the Silk Road, to improve the international scientific and
technological cooperation system and related mechanisms.
To promote international scientific and technological
cooperation through major science and technology projects,
and implement complementary and interchangeable
cooperation.
4 Key scientific issues for sustainable
development of the SREB
In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development,
Professor DONG Suocheng, the vice-chairman and
secretary-general of the conference, put forward six
international scientific problems that should be studied
and solved to develop Silk Road Economic Belt and had
been accepted by scientists attended the conference. These
3000
km
Fig. 5 Air express passageway.
issues include: (i) the evolution and driving forces of
LUCC (Land-Use and Land-Cover Change) and sustainable
utilization of land and water resources in the SREB; (ii)
assessment of resource and environment carrying capacity
and ecological service functions, the spatial patterns and
interactive mechanism of ecology, environment, and socioeconomy systems and innovative models of sustainable
development in different countries of the SREB; (iii) science
and technology of monitoring, prediction, warning and
treatment of trans-boundary anti-desertification, sandstorm,
drought, water and soil erosion, earth quake and disruptive
natural disasters in the SREB; (iv) impacts and response and
international cooperation of global climate change on the
SREB; (v) the international poverty alleviation cooperation
mechanism and path of the countries along the SREB; and
(vi) international cooperation for scientific information
system and big data sharing mechanism and platform,
scientific decision-making supporting systems and think
tanks, and internet economy development of the SREB.
Several priority action projects should be carried out
to solve these issues: establishing International Scientists
League and Think Tanks in the SREB; establishing
international information sharing platform and scientific
policy-making system of ecological environment and
sustainable development in the SREB; starting international
scientific cooperation and technology traineeship program
of the SREB; founding the international cooperation
committee in the SREB; and founding transnational
construction and win-win cooperation mechanism of coping
with climate change and ecological environment.
72
Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.6 No.2, 2015
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank GUO Peng, ZHAO Zhongping,
WANG Fei, CHENG Hao, WANG Zhe, LI Fei, YUAN
Liang, ZHANG Xiaoxiao, GU Yingying, GAO Mengxu, BAI
Zhongqiang, ZHU Junxiang, ZHU Huazhong, BU Kun and LIU
Peng of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources
research, CAS for thoughtful suggestions about this study.
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丝绸之路经济带资源、环境和经济格局与可持续发展模式
董锁成1，李泽红1，李 宇1，石广义1，于会录2，王卷乐1，李 俊3，毛琦梁4，黄永斌1,2
1 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101；
2 中国科学院大学，北京 100049；
3 安徽工业大学，马鞍山 243032；
4 首都经贸大学，北京 100070
摘 要：本文分析了丝绸之路经济带的资源、环境和经济格局，认为该格局有利于丝绸之路经济带沿线国家之间开展多领
域、多层次的经济合作；在此基础上，论文提出了丝绸之路经济带主要经济合作模式和可持续发展道路，包括生态文明模式，
区域经济一体化模式，交通经济带模式，国际旅游带合作模式；最后，论文总结了丝绸之路经济带实现可持续发展需要解决的
关键科学问题，并提出了几个优先行动计划：建立丝绸之路经济带国际科学家联盟和思想库，建立丝绸之路经济带生态环境与
可持续发展国际信息共享中心和科学决策支持系统，启动丝绸之路跨国科技交流合作与人才计划，建立丝绸之路经济带可持续
发展国际合作委员会，建立应对气候变化和生态环境跨国共建、合作共赢机制。
关键词：资源；环境和经济格局；经济合作；可持续发展；关键科学问题；丝绸之路经济带