ROADS AND MARITIME SERVICES (RMS)
QA SPECIFICATION R116
HEAVY DUTY DENSE GRADED ASPHALT
NOTICE
This document is a Roads and Maritime Services QA Specification. It has been developed for use
with roadworks and bridgeworks contracts let by Roads and Maritime Services or by local councils in
NSW. It is not suitable for any other purpose and must not be used for any other purpose or in any
other context.
Copyright in this document belongs to Roads and Maritime Services.
REVISION REGISTER
Ed/Rev
Number
Clause
Number
Ed 5/Rev 0
Authorised
By
Description of Revision
Guide Notes enhanced
GM, RNIC
Various
Editorial simplifications
Various
Australian Standards replace RTA Test
Methods in most instances
2.1.1 & 2.1.2
Aggregate requirements more in line with AS
2758.5 – Asphalt Aggregates
2.1.3
Filler requirements simplified
2.1.6 & 2.1.7
Other options on additives and tackcoats
introduced
2.3.1 (c)
Deformation by wheel tracking replaces
dynamic creep
4.4.1
Layer thickness table replaced with
simplified requirement
4.11
Requirement for temporary ramps introduced
5.1
Layer density (compaction) now treated as
end product property
5.2.1
Work type definitions clarified
6.2.4
New subclause
Annexures
Amended to reflect changes in body of
specification
Annexure
R116/4
New annexure listing Identified Records
Edition 8 / Revision 2
January 2012
Date
07.12.01
ROADS AND MARITIME SERVICES
Ed/Rev
Number
Clause
Number
Ed 6/Rev 0
Description of Revision
Authorised
By
Redrafted with new format
GM, RNIC
Minor editorial changes
(For trial
use only)
Nominated particle size distribution for
coarse and fine aggregate requirements
included
Date
27.08.03
Austroads Film Index test method replaces
VicRoads test method
Permeability requirements included
HOLD Point for placing tie-ins added
Ed 7/Rev 0
Ed 7/Rev 1
“Notice”
RTA PO Box and Fax numbers updated
Foreword
Foreword, incorporating copyright clause,
added
Guide Notes
Guide notes reduced.
Global
Text revised to direct imperative style.
“shall” replaced by “must”.
Clauses rearranged and renumbered.
Reformatting and minor editing to clarify
intent.
1.2.5
Definitions of “you” and “your” added.
2.1
Requirements for aggregates and fillers now
referred to new Materials specifications.
2.3.2
New clause on proprietary information
added.
4.5.1
Layer thickness increased for larger nominal
sizes.
4.7
Specific on-site asphalt temperature
measurements now required.
5.4.1
More detailed requirement for straightedge
testing inserted.
5.5
Riding quality parameter changed to IRI.
6.1
Clarification on homogeneity.
6.4
Process control standard inserted.
1.1, 2
Subclause on the general requirements of
asphalt moved from Clause 1.1 to Clause 2.
GM, IC
30.06.09
GM, IC
06.05.10
GM, IC
19.05.11
Reference to Warranty Period and
completion deleted.
Annex M
Ed 8/Rev 0
ii
Clause reference to Q6 in Note updated.
New edition, covering only dense graded
asphalt. Open graded asphalt moved to new
spec R119.
Ed/Rev
Number
Ed 8/Rev 1
Ed 8/Rev 2
Clause
Number
Description of Revision
Authorised
By
1.1
Performance period of asphalt clarified.
GM, IC
2.2.2(b)
Definition of “Filler-Binder Ratio” added.
(W Stalder)
4.5
Ride quality measurement clarified to be in
accordance with T188 (quarter-car model).
Annex A
Second table amended with respect to ride
quality measurement.
GM, IC
Date
24.06.11
24.01.12
(M Andrew)
iii
GUIDE NOTES
(Not Part of Contract Document)
Using Specification R116
RMS R116 is a QA specification and the use of QA specifications requires the implementation of a
quality system by the Contractor that meets the quality system requirements specified in RMS Q. To
comply with the intention of government policy as well as RMS R116, asphalt works constructed
using RMS R116 require adequate surveillance and audit by the Principal.
The RMS Project Manager must adapt the Model RMS R116, including its Annexures, to suit the
project.
Clause 2.1.1
Coarse Aggregates
This specification relies on Materials Specification RMS 3152, and RMS Project Managers must
complete Annexure 3152/A which addresses such matters as Minimum PAFV.
Edition 8
In Edition 8, the requirements for open graded asphalt has been moved to a new specification RMS
R119.
iv
QA S PECIFICATION
R116
HEAVY DUTY
DENSE GRADED ASPHALT
Copyright – Roads and Maritime Services
IC-QA-R116
VERSION FOR:
DATE:
Edition 8 / Revision 2
January 2012
ROADS AND MARITIME SERVICES
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
CONTENTS
CLAUSE
PAGE
FOREWORD ..............................................................................................................................................III
RMS Copyright and Use of this Document ................................................................................. iii
Revisions to Previous Version ..................................................................................................... iii
Project Specific Changes ............................................................................................................. iii
1
GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2
Scope .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.3
Structure of the Specification ......................................................................................... 1
1.4
Definitions and Abbreviations ........................................................................................ 3
2
SUPPLY OF ASPHALT ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.1
Materials for Asphalt ...................................................................................................... 3
2.2
Requirements for Asphalt ............................................................................................... 5
2.3
Nominated Mixes ........................................................................................................... 9
2.4
Production of Asphalt ................................................................................................... 11
2.5
Transport of Asphalt ..................................................................................................... 13
3
PLACING ASPHALT ....................................................................................................................... 13
3.1
General ......................................................................................................................... 13
3.2
Preparation of Pavement............................................................................................... 13
3.3
Plant and Equipment..................................................................................................... 13
3.4
Protection of Work ....................................................................................................... 14
3.5
Protection of Services and Road Fixtures..................................................................... 14
3.6
Course and Layer Thicknesses ..................................................................................... 14
3.7
Pavement Temperature and Weather Conditions ......................................................... 15
3.8
Paving and Compaction Temperatures ......................................................................... 15
3.9
Tackcoat ....................................................................................................................... 16
3.10
Joints ............................................................................................................................. 16
3.11
Placement Trial ............................................................................................................. 17
3.12
Temporary Ramps and Tie-ins to Existing Pavement and Structures .......................... 18
4
FINISHED PAVEMENT PROPERTIES ............................................................................................... 18
4.1
Insitu Air Voids ............................................................................................................ 18
4.2
Course Thickness.......................................................................................................... 19
4.3
Course Position............................................................................................................. 20
4.4
Surface Shape ............................................................................................................... 21
4.5
Ride Quality ................................................................................................................. 22
5
CONFORMITY ............................................................................................................................... 22
5.1
Homogeneity ................................................................................................................ 22
5.2
Sampling ....................................................................................................................... 23
5.3
Testing .......................................................................................................................... 23
5.4
Process Control ............................................................................................................. 23
5.5
Nonconformities ........................................................................................................... 24
ANNEXURE R116/A – PROJECT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 25
ANNEXURE R116/B – MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT AND DISPOSITION OF NONCONFORMITIES ....... 26
B1
Measurement and Payment ........................................................................................... 26
B2
Disposition of Nonconformities ................................................................................... 28
Ed 8 / Rev 2
i
R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
B3
Incentives ......................................................................................................................31
ANNEXURE R116/C – SCHEDULES OF HOLD POINTS AND IDENTIFIED RECORDS ..................................32
C1
Schedule of Hold Points ...............................................................................................32
C2
Schedule of Identified Records .....................................................................................32
ANNEXURE R116/D – PLANNING DOCUMENTS ......................................................................................33
ANNEXURE R116/E – CALCULATIONS ...................................................................................................34
E1
Calculation of characteristic values of Insitu Air Voids ...............................................34
E2
Calculation of Characteristic Value of Thickness.........................................................34
ANNEXURE R116/F – REQUIREMENTS FOR RAP LEVEL PROGRESSION.................................................35
ANNEXURES R116/G TO R116/K – (NOT USED) ....................................................................................36
ANNEXURE R116/L – MINIMUM FREQUENCY OF TESTING ....................................................................36
ANNEXURE R116/M – REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.................................................................................39
LAST PAGE OF THIS DOCUMENT IS ..........................................................................................................40
ii
Ed 8 / Rev 2
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
FOREWORD
RMS COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS DOCUMENT
Copyright in this document belongs to the Roads and Maritime Services.
When this document forms part of a contract
This document should be read with all the documents forming the Contract.
When this document does not form part of a contract
This copy is not a controlled document. Observe the Notice that appears on the first page of the copy
controlled by RMS. A full copy of the latest version of the document is available on the RMS Internet
website: www.rta.nsw.gov.au/doingbusinesswithus/specifications
REVISIONS TO PREVIOUS VERSION
This document has been revised from RMS Specification R116 Edition 8 Revision 1.
All revisions to the previous version (other than minor editorial and project specific changes) are
indicated by a vertical line in the margin as shown here, except when it is a new edition and the text
has been extensively rewritten.
PROJECT SPECIFIC CHANGES
Any project specific changes have been indicated in the following manner:
(a)
Text which is additional to the base document and which is included in the Specification is
shown in bold italics e.g. Additional Text.
(b)
Text which has been deleted from the base document and which is not included in the
Specification is shown struck out e.g. Deleted Text.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
iii
(RMS COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS DOCUMENT - Refer to the Foreword after the Table of Contents)
RMS QA SPECIFICATION R116
HEAVY DUTY DENSE GRADED ASPHALT
1
GENERAL
1.1
OVERVIEW
This Specification sets out the requirements for heavy duty dense graded asphalt, including:
(a)
use in heavy duty applications on highways where traffic is greater than 600 heavy vehicles per
lane per day; and/or
(b)
at high stress locations such as traffic lights, stop/start locations, climbing lanes, roundabouts,
etc.
The asphalt may contain reclaimed asphalt pavement material and/or glass granulate aggregate and can
be manufactured using either conventional or warm mix asphalt technology.
For all paving operations, a material transfer vehicle (MTV) must be used unless specified otherwise
in Annexure R116/A.
During the first 12 months after the Date of Completion:
(i)
the asphalt must not ravel, rut, shove, strip or bleed; and
(ii)
the wearing course must comply with the surface shape requirements specified in Table R116.9
plus 3 mm.
1.2
SCOPE
The work to be executed under this Specification consists of:
(a)
the design of the asphalt mix(es);
(b)
the supply, production and transport of the asphalt;
(c)
the preparation and application of tackcoat on the surface on which the asphalt is to be placed;
(d)
the placement and compaction of asphalt;
(e)
all inspection and testing necessary to demonstrate that the quality requirements of this
Specification have been achieved; and
(f)
a process for approval to use increasing proportions of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)
material in asphalt based on a system of performance verification, including materials testing
and the implementation of process controls.
1.3
STRUCTURE OF THE SPECIFICATION
This Specification includes a series of Annexures that detail additional requirements.
1.3.1
Project Specific Requirements
Project specific requirements are shown in Annexure R116/A.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
1
(RMS COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS DOCUMENT - Refer to the Foreword after the Table of Contents)
R116
1.3.2
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
Measurement and Payment and Disposition of Nonconformities
The method of measurement and payment must comply with Annexure R116/B1.
Acceptance of materials and work must be in accordance with Annexure R116/B2.
1.3.3
Schedules of HOLD POINTS and Identified Records
The schedule detailed in Annexure R116/C lists the HOLD POINTS that must be observed. Refer to
Specification RMS Q for the definition of HOLD POINTS.
The records listed in Annexure R116/C are Identified Records for the purposes of RMS Q Annexure
Q/E.
1.3.4
Planning Documents
The PROJECT QUALITY PLAN must include each of the documents and requirements shown in
Annexure R116/D and must be implemented.
If the Contract does not require you to implement a PROJECT QUALITY PLAN, the documents
shown in Annexure R116/D must be submitted to the Principal for consideration at least 5 working
days prior to work commencing and must be implemented.
A RAP Management Plan must form part of your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN and must address the
requirements of this Specification.
Include in the PROJECT QUALITY PLAN all manufacturers’ recommendations indicated in this
Specification.
Adopt the following documents for procedure(s) not specifically addressed in this Specification:
(a)
AS 2150 “Hot mix asphalt - A guide to good practice”; and
(b)
AGPT04B/07 Austroads “Guide to Pavement Technology Part 4B: Asphalt”.
1.3.5
Requirements for Technical Procedures
Details of calculation for insitu air voids and thickness are shown in Annexure R116/E.
1.3.6
Testing Procedures
Your Inspection and Test Plan must nominate the proposed testing frequency to verify conformity of
the item, which must not be less than the frequency specified in Annexure R116/L.
Where a minimum frequency is not specified, nominate an appropriate frequency.
1.3.7
Referenced Documents
Unless otherwise specified or is specifically supplied by the Principal, the applicable issue of a
reference document must be the issue current at the date one week before the closing date for tenders,
or where no issue is current at that date, the most recent issue.
Standards, specifications and test methods are referred to in abbreviated form (e.g. AS 1234). For
convenience, the full titles are given in Annexure R116/M.
2
Ed 8 / Rev 2
(RMS COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS DOCUMENT - Refer to the Foreword after the Table of Contents)
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
1.4
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
1.4.1
Definitions
R116
In this Specification:
(a)
the terms “you” and “your” mean “the Contractor” and “the Contractor's” respectively;
(b)
the term “heavy duty dense asphalt” includes “dense asphalt”, “asphalt” and “mix”;
(c)
“RAP Approval Level” refer to four levels or maximum amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement
material that may be substituted for aggregates supplied in accordance with Specification RMS
3152.
Other definitions are in accordance with the Glossary of Austroads Terms.
1.4.2
Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this Specification:
AAPA
Australian Asphalt Pavement Association
AC or DG
Dense graded asphalt
IRI
International Roughness Index
MTV
Material Transfer Vehicle
MBV
Methylene Blue Value
NATA
National Association of Testing Authorities
N/A
Not Applicable
PAFV
Polished Aggregate Friction Value
PQP
Project Quality Plan
RAP
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
SSD
Saturated Surface Dry
TSR
Tensile Strength Ratio
VMA
Voids in Mineral Aggregate
2
SUPPLY OF ASPHALT
2.1
MATERIALS FOR ASPHALT
All materials used in the manufacture of asphalt must comply with the requirements of this
Specification and maintain a uniform appearance for the duration of the work.
2.1.1
Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate must comply with Specification RMS 3152.
When aggregates from a specific source or type, or when aggregate with a high PAFV or other special
characteristics are specified, 100% of the coarse aggregate in the asphalt must comply with this
requirement.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
3
(RMS COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS DOCUMENT - Refer to the Foreword after the Table of Contents)
R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
2.1.2
Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate must comply with Specification RMS 3152.
2.1.3
Recycled Materials
2.1.3.1
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Material
RAP material must comply with Specification RMS 3153.
2.1.3.2
Granulated Glass Aggregate
Granulated glass aggregate must comply with Specification RMS 3154.
2.1.4
Filler
The total filler in asphalt is the combined fraction of fines produced from the crushing of aggregates
and any added filler which passes the 0.075 mm AS sieve.
Filler must meet the following requirements:
(a)
Added filler must conform to Specification RMS 3211.
(b)
The dry compacted voids content of the total filler fraction in asphalt determined in accordance
with AS 1141.17 must be 40% or greater.
(c)
The methylene blue value of the total filler in asphalt (excluding hydrated lime) determined in
accordance with Test Method RMS T659 must not exceed 10 mg/g.
2.1.5
Binder
The class of binder used in the work must be as specified in Annexure R116/A, except that you may
propose an alternative class of binder, subject to the approval of the Principal, under the following
circumstances:
(a)
asphalt containing in excess of 15% RAP material; and/or
(b)
asphalt containing warm mix asphalt additive.
The binder must comply with the requirements of Specifications RMS 3252 or RMS 3253 for the class
of binder specified. Provide documentary evidence of the binder conformity for each delivery used in
the work.
At intersections where the design traffic exceeds 106 AADT PMB must be used in the wearing
course and the immediate course below the wearing course (intermediate or corrective course)
For all arterial roads PMB is to be used.
2.1.6
(a)
Additives
Bitumen Adhesion Agent
Bitumen adhesion agent must comply with Specifications RMS 3259 or RMS 3269 (as
appropriate for the class of binder specified in Annexure R116/A) except that:
4
(i)
Test Method AS 1141.50 is substituted for Test Method RMS T230; and
(ii)
in all cases, the test is conducted using the binder specified in Annexure R116/A or an
alternative class of binder approved by the Principal.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
(RMS COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS DOCUMENT - Refer to the Foreword after the Table of Contents)
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
(b)
R116
Warm Mix Asphalt Additive
Warm mix asphalt additive may be added to asphalt to reduce the asphalt manufacturing
temperature and/or to improve workability during the paving and compaction operations.
2.1.7
Bitumen Emulsion Tackcoat
Bitumen emulsion for use as a tackcoat must be CRS/170-60 complying with AS 1160 unless
otherwise approved by the Principal.
2.2
REQUIREMENTS FOR ASPHALT
2.2.1
Proportions of Constituents
The following constituents and proportions are permitted:
(a)
Combined Particle Size Distribution of Aggregate
The combined particle size distribution of asphalt aggregates, when determined in accordance
with AS 2891.3.1, must conform to Table R116.1.
Table R116.1 – Combined Particle Size Distribution Limits for
Different Nominal Size of Asphalt
AS Sieve
Size
Combined Particle Size Distribution Passing Limits
for Nominal Size of Asphalt (% by mass)
(Asphalt Designation)
5 mm
(AC5)
7 mm
(AC7)
10 mm
(AC10)
14 mm
(AC14)
20 mm
(AC20)
28 mm
(AC28)
53.0 mm
37.5 mm
100
26.5 mm
100
80 – 98
100
80 – 98
#
100
80 – 98
65 – 93
50 – 80
100
80 – 98
#
#
#
19.0 mm
13.2 mm
9.50 mm
6.70 mm
100
80 – 98
65 – 90
55 – 80
45 – 70
35 – 60
4.75 mm
80 – 98
#
#
#
#
#
2.36 mm
50 – 80
45 – 65
35 – 65
25 – 45
20 – 40
15 – 40
1.18 mm
#
#
#
#
#
#
0.600 mm
15 – 45
15 – 40
15 – 35
10 – 30
5 – 25
5 – 25
0.300 mm
#
#
#
#
#
#
0.150 mm
#
#
#
#
#
#
0.075 mm
3 – 11
3 – 11
3 – 11
2–8
2–8
2–7
Note:
Where the particle size distribution is shown as “#”, you must state the values of the Particle Size
Distribution limits in your nominated mix design submission and in the trial and production mixes
reporting.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
5
(RMS COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS DOCUMENT - Refer to the Foreword after the Table of Contents)
R116
(b)
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
Binder
In the nominated mix design, the proportion of binder expressed as a percentage by mass of the
total mix must comply with the requirements of Table R116.2.
Table R116.2 – Binder Content
Nominal Size of Asphalt
(Asphalt Designation)
Binder Content
(% by mass of total mix)
Note:
5 mm
(AC5)
7 mm
(AC7)
10 mm
(AC10)
14 mm
(AC14)
20 mm
(AC20)
28 mm
(AC28)
5.6 – 6.8
5.4 – 6.6
5.1 – 6.4
4.8 – 6.2
4.6 – 6.1
4.0 – 5.8
The specified binder content range is applicable to commonly used natural sources of aggregates
and sands for a known range of densities. If you propose to use constituents of substantially
different density, then for the nominated design mix and use of the mix in the works, you may
propose a nonconforming binder content subject to the approval of the Principal. You must
demonstrate that the volumetric proportions are consistent with the intent of the Specification.
Determine the binder content in accordance with AS 2891.3.1.
(c)
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material
You are permitted to use RAP material in the wearing and other courses up to a maximum of
15% (by mass) as shown in Table R116.3, provided that the requirements of Table R116/F
Section A are complied with.
To increase the use of RAP material by progressing to RAP Approval Level 2, 2W, 3 or 4, you
must demonstrate:
(i)
compliance with this Specification and the requirements for RAP Level progression as
specified in Annexure R116/F; and
(ii)
a history of proven performance (the “Performance Period”) acceptable to the Principal
for the RAP Approval Level requested as shown in Table R116.3.
Table R116.3 – Prerequisites for Allowable Percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Materials for Use in Asphalt
RAP
Approval
Level
Note
Maximum Percentage(1) for other
than Wearing Courses
Amount
(maximum)
Testing
Required
(Table
R116/F)
Performance
Period
1
15%
Section A
N/A
2
25%
Section B
2 years
3
30%
Section C
3 years
4
40%
Section C
5 years
(1)
6
:
RAP
Approval
Level
Maximum Percentage(1) for Wearing
Course
Amount
(maximum)
Testing
Required
(Table
R116/F)
Performance
Period
1W
15%
Section A
N/A
2W
20%
Section B
3 years
Determined as a percentage by mass of RAP material to the mass of total mix.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
(RMS COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS DOCUMENT - Refer to the Foreword after the Table of Contents)
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
The percentage of RAP material must comply with Table R116.3 for the RAP Approval Level
at which you have been approved.
For RAP Approval Level 3 and 4, the following additional requirements apply:
(i)
Processed RAP material must be screened into at least two fractions (coarse and fine) and
each fraction must be separately metered into the asphalt mixing process.
(ii)
Provide a statement in your RAP Management Plan on how you propose to ensure that
the processed RAP material within a stockpile is at a moisture content which will not
affect the asphalt properties.
(iii)
Performance testing must be conducted to establish an optimised mix design.
Warm mix asphalt may contain RAP material, provided that it does not exceed RAP Approval
Level 1 or 1W.
HOLD POINT
Process Held:
Progression to RAP Approval Level 2, 2W, 3 or 4.
Submission Details:
Documentation demonstrating a proven history of performance of the asphalt
at your requested RAP Approval Level.
Release of Hold Point:
The Principal will consider the submitted documentation prior to authorising
the release of the Hold Point.
(d)
Granulated Glass Aggregate
Asphalt may contain a proportion of granulated glass aggregate not exceeding 2.5% of the total
mix.
(e)
Hydrated Lime
Asphalt must contain, by mass of total aggregate, not less than 1.5% hydrated lime complying
with Specification RMS 3211 unless otherwise agreed to by the Principal.
(f)
Adhesion Agent
Asphalt may contain bitumen adhesion agent not exceeding 1.0% by mass of the binder.
(g)
Warm Mix Asphalt Additive
The proportion of additive is limited to:
2.2.2
(i)
for wax, the maximum percentage by mass of binder must not exceed 2.0%;
(ii)
for surfactants, nominate the maximum percentage by mass of binder;
(iii)
for water (either directly added or added in the form of water containing crystals), the
maximum percentage by mass of the total mix must not exceed 0.06%.
Volumetric Characteristics
For all asphalt mixes:
(a)
the air voids in laboratory compacted briquettes:
Ed 8 / Rev 2
7
(RMS COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS DOCUMENT - Refer to the Foreword after the Table of Contents)
R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
must be  3.0% and  6.0% when determined in accordance with Test Method RMS
T662 (120 cycles of compaction), AS 2891.7.3, AS 2891.8 and AS 2891.9.2;
(i)
and
(ii)
must be  2.0% when determined in accordance with Test Method RMS T662 at 350
cycles of compaction, AS 2891.7.3, AS 2891.8 and AS 2891.9.2.
The requirement in item (a) (ii) above does not apply for 5 mm nominal size asphalt.
(b)
the Filler-Binder Ratio, measured as the percentage passing 0.075 mm AS sieve by mass of total
aggregate to the percentage of binder by mass of total mix must be  0.8 and  1.2, when
determined in accordance with AS 2891.3.1.
(c)
the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) must comply with the requirements of Table R116.4
when determined in accordance with Test Method RMS T662 at 120 cycles of compaction,
AS 2891.7.3, AS 2891.8 and AS 2891.9.2.
(d)
the binder film index must be greater than 7.5 microns when determined in accordance with
Test Method Austroads AG:PT/T237 or AS 2891.8. This requirement does not apply for 5 mm
nominal size asphalt.
Table R116.4 – Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA)
Nominal Size of Asphalt
(Asphalt Designation)
5 mm
(AC5)
7 mm
(AC7)
10 mm
(AC10)
14 mm
(AC14)
20 mm
(AC20)
28 mm
(AC28)
VMA %
 17
 17
 16
 15
 14
 13
2.2.3
Moisture Content
For all mixes produced in a drum plant and/or containing a warm mix asphalt additive, the moisture
content must be < 0.5% by mass of total mix when determined in accordance with Test Method RMS
T660.
2.2.4
Moisture Sensitivity
For all nominal sizes of asphalt, the tensile strength ratio (TSR) must be  80% and the average tensile
strength of the freeze/thaw group must be greater than 600 kPa when determined in accordance with
Test Method RMS T640.
For warm mix asphalt, the values must be reported.
2.2.5
Resilient Modulus
For asphalt containing in excess of 25% RAP material and/or containing warm mix asphalt additive, or
if specified in Annexure R116/A, report the resilient modulus of the sample and the number of cycles
to compact it to 5.0 ± 0.5% air voids when determined in accordance with AS 2891.13.1.
Resilient modulus test results are to be included in the mix design.
2.2.6
Deformation Resistance
For asphalt containing in excess of 20% RAP material and/or containing warm mix asphalt additive, or
if specified in Annexure R116/A, the rut depth must be reported when determined in accordance with
Test Method Austroads AG:PT/T231.
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2.3
R116
NOMINATED MIXES
The nominated mix design submission must:
(a)
satisfy the requirements of this Specification; and
(b)
be targeted during production of the asphalt.
The nominated mix design submission is:
(i)
materials specific, and substitution of constituents is not permitted;
(ii)
design specific, and variation to the design nominated mix submission is not permitted;
(iii)
asphalt plant specific, and except for component maintenance, changes in the components,
configuration and/or location of the plant is not permitted;
(iv)
contract specific, and release of the Nominated Mix Hold Point under another contract is not
applicable to this Contract.
For each new establishment of a mobile asphalt plant, a full nominated mix submission is required.
Special requirements for the use of rhyolite aggregate from Gosforth and Mudgee are contained in
RMS Technical Direction TD 2006/03.
2.3.1
Submission of Nominated Mixes
Unless specified otherwise, all tests relating to the submission must be carried out within a three
month period prior to the date of submission to the Principal. All phases of any particular test must be
performed at the same laboratory.
Submit to the Principal one nominated mix design for each asphalt mix specified in Annexure R116/A.
The nominated mix design submission must include the following details:
(a)
Constituent Materials
(i)
Coarse and fine aggregates – source, geological type.
Aggregate of different type or quality from the same quarry face or within a quarry will
be regarded as a different source.
(ii)
Added filler – type, grade and source.
(iii)
Binder – source, class or grade.
(iv)
Recycled materials:
- For RAP materials, the effective binder content (that portion considered to contribute
to the binder content of the asphalt mix design) and recovered viscosity of the binder.
- For recycled glass granulate, the type, source and manufacturer’s recommendations.
(b)
(v)
Additives – type, source, trade name and manufacturer’s recommendations.
(vi)
Bitumen emulsion tackcoat – source, class of bitumen, any bitumen modification.
Mix Design
(i)
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Proportion of each constituent by percentage of mass of total mix.
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(c)
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
(ii)
Where you propose to use RAP material, the RAP Approval Level for which you are
approved to use.
(iii)
For each nominated mix design, the nominating values and allowable tolerances, where
required, for each requirement for the asphalt specified in Clause 2.2.
(iv)
Graphical representation of the nominated combined particle size distribution with
control points as required by the limits of Table R116.1 and the production tolerances in
accordance with Table R116.5.
(v)
The type and identification number of the asphalt mixing plant.
(vi)
The temperature at which the asphalt is manufactured.
Production Trial
All production trial tests on each nominated mix must be from one trial batch. The tests on the
constituent materials must represent the materials used in this trial batch.
(d)
Signed Statement
A signed statement confirming that each nominated and production trial mix including all
constituents meet the requirements of Clauses 2.1 and 2.2. The statement must include NATA
endorsed test results for all specified tests. Attach a copy of your completed verification
checklist.
(e)
Warm Mix Asphalt Additives
When using warm mix asphalt additives, provide details of the additive(s) in your nominated
mix design submission. Include evidence acceptable to the Principal that the additive is
designed, supplied and has proven performance for the purpose described in this Specification.
The nominated mix design will be rejected if the nature, intended purpose and dosage of the
warm mix asphalt additive are not clear in your nominated mix design submission. Clearly state
in your submission:
(i)
any proposed amendments to the mix design procedure, operational processes and/or test
methods as a result of the inclusion of a warm mix asphalt additive; and
(ii)
the classification of the warm mix asphalt additive.
HOLD POINT
Process Held:
Placing of the nominated mix(es).
Submission Details:
Documents as detailed in Clause 2.3.1 at least 7 working days before the
nominated mix(es) is (are) proposed to be placed.
Release of Hold Point:
The Principal will consider the submitted documents prior to authorising the
release of the Hold Point.
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2.4
PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT
2.4.1
Method of Production
R116
Adopt a method of production that:
(a)
controls the process and targets the nominated mix; and
(b)
supplies a homogeneous and consistent product at the nominated manufacturing temperature.
2.4.2
Production Tolerances
2.4.2.1
Proportions of Constituents
The proportion of each constituent may be temporarily varied for the purpose of process control
provided that:
(a)
the proportion of each constituent, with the exception of added filler, must not be varied
by more than 10% of the value nominated; and
(b)
the proportion of each added filler must not be varied by more than 15% of the value
nominated.
2.4.2.2
Combined Particle Size Distribution and Binder Content
The actual combined particle size distribution and actual binder content may vary from the
nominated value within the limits shown in Table R116.5, provided that the actual values also
remain within the limits of Tables R116.1 and R116.2 respectively.
Table R116.5 – Production Tolerances
Description
Tolerance
Permissible variation to nominated combined particle size distribution
during production (% by mass of total aggregate, AS 2891.3.1) for each
mix size:
Pass 4.75 mm AS sieve and larger
±7
Pass 2.36 mm and 1.18 mm
±5
Pass 0.600 mm and 0.300 mm
±4
Pass 0.150 mm
± 2.5
Pass 0.075 mm
± 1.5
Permissible variation to the nominated binder content during production
(% by mass of total mix, AS 2891.3.1)
2.4.3
± 0.3
Asphalt Manufacturing Plant
Operate the asphalt manufacturing plant with adequate production process controls to produce asphalt
of a consistent quality and conforming to the requirements of this Specification. The production
control system must produce auditable records of key process parameters including individual
aggregate and filler feed rates/batch masses, binder application rate/batch mass and various process
temperatures.
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Implement a documented procedure for the management and control of the moisture content of each
constituent aggregate material, including RAP material. Moisture content must be determined at least
daily, and the asphalt manufacturing process controls adjusted to suit.
RAP materials where added must be dispersed uniformly throughout the mix such that there is no
apparent variability or temperature segregation in the mix.
The asphalt manufacturing plant must have sufficient capacity to supply asphalt for a continuous
operation of the paver.
2.4.4
(a)
Storage and Handling
Binder
Heating and storage of binder must comply with the temperature and time limits set out in
Advisory Note 7 published by the Australian Asphalt Pavement Association, except that the
limits for Class AR450 must be the same as for Class 600.
Provide details in your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN of the procedures for acquisition, storage
and handling of binder which identify and prevent segregation and/or contamination of the
binder and implement them.
At the asphalt manufacturing plant, binder supplied in accordance with Specification RMS 3252
must be recirculated in delivery and/or storage tanks to a uniform consistency immediately prior
to its use in the manufacturing process.
(b)
Asphalt
Asphalt which does not contain RAP material may be retained in hot storage silos for a period
not exceeding 24 hours. You may propose and implement a longer period based on effective
temperature management and oxidation suppression systems, subject to the approval of the
Principal.
Asphalt mixes containing RAP materials may be retained in a purpose designed storage system
which has been demonstrated to cause no deterioration in the stored asphalt for a period not
exceeding 24 hours, subject to the approval of the Principal.
2.4.5
Manufacturing Temperatures
Control the temperatures of constituent materials in response to suitable thermometer elements placed
in the flow of materials from the drier, and in the binder storage system or binder supply line.
Thermometer registrations must be readable and accurate to within ± 2oC.
The difference in temperature between binder and aggregate must not exceed 30oC at the point of
mixing.
Measure and record the temperature of the asphalt:
(a)
as the asphalt leaves the pugmill or mixing drum; or
(b)
as the asphalt discharges from the hot storage bin(s); or
(c)
in the trucks prior to leaving the plant.
The despatch temperature of the asphalt must facilitate the specified density in the finished product.
Provide details of the project specific process temperatures and the frequency of recording in your
PROJECT QUALITY PLAN.
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The temperature of asphalt must not at any time in the process exceed 175oC.
2.4.6
Sampling
Asphalt samples must be taken in accordance with AS 2891.1.1 at the frequency specified in Annexure
R116/L.
2.5
TRANSPORT OF ASPHALT
The transport of asphalt must be in accordance with the requirements in AS 2150.
State in your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN the method of application and control of release agent to
ensure a uniform, light coating of the vehicle’s tray without ponding of surplus release agent.
Facilitate continuous operation of the paving train by:
(a)
providing and allocating sufficient transport capacity; and
(b)
ensuring efficient on-site management of asphalt deliveries.
3
PLACING ASPHALT
3.1
GENERAL
Place and finish the asphalt so as to:
(a)
produce a homogeneous product with a tightly bound surface;
(b)
achieve a uniform bond to the surface below; and
(c)
achieve the finished pavement properties, specified in Clause 4, within the specified tolerances.
Do not induce rapid cooling in the asphalt by the application of water at any stage in the process,
including preparation for trafficking.
3.2
PREPARATION OF PAVEMENT
Prior to placing asphalt, prepare the surface to be paved in accordance with the requirements in
AS 2150, including removal of raised extruded thermoplastic road markings and raised pavement
markers.
3.3
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
The asphalt must be placed by a self-propelled paving machine equipped and operated with automatic
thickness control and automatic joint matching facility.
Hand placement of asphalt is only permitted for minor corrections of the existing surface and in areas
where placement with a paving machine is impractical.
The type and number of compaction rollers must be in accordance with the requirements in AS 2150.
A Material Transfer Vehicle (MTV) must be used in the paving process, unless otherwise specified in
Annexure R116/A. The MTV must be a self propelled machine with independent controls which will
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
receive asphalt from delivery vehicles, store, remix and transfer the asphalt to the paving machine
without contact and be equipped with:
(a)
a receiving hopper compatible with delivery vehicles;
(b)
conveying mechanisms and anti-segregation devices for remixing asphalt;
(c)
conveying mechanisms capable of delivering asphalt to the paver at a minimum rate to suit the
paving output;
(d)
a minimum nominal on-board storage capacity of 15 tonnes;
(e)
an additional holding bin in the paving machine hopper; and
(f)
sufficient power output from the motor to operate with full load on grades up to 6% and travel
in tandem with the paver, either directly in front or in an offset position.
If specified in Annexure R116/A, place the asphalt by echelon paving using a minimum of two paving
machines operating continuously in tandem. The paving run layout must be such that the hot joint is
located to minimise cold joints within the trafficked carriageway, unless otherwise approved by the
Principal.
State in your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN the method of compaction including roller type, number of
passes and rolling pattern.
3.4
PROTECTION OF WORK
Provide for traffic in accordance with the requirements of Specification RMS G10 while undertaking
the work.
Protect the work until the required thickness of asphalt has been placed, compacted and cooled
sufficiently to carry traffic without damage to the work.
3.5
PROTECTION OF SERVICES AND ROAD FIXTURES
Do not allow asphalt or other material used on the work from entering or adhering to grates, hydrants
or valve boxes, service covers, bridge joints and other road fixtures. Immediately after the asphalt has
been placed, clean and remove all waste asphalt from the affected services and road fixtures.
3.6
COURSE AND LAYER THICKNESSES
A course of asphalt may comprise of one or more layers. Where a course comprises of more than one
layer, and the layer thicknesses have not been specified by the Principal, nominate the thickness of
each layer in your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN.
3.6.1
Nominated Layer Thickness
The nominated thickness of a layer of asphalt must be within 3.0 to 5.0 times the nominal mix size.
3.6.2
Corrective Courses and Tie-ins to Existing Pavement
For corrective courses and tie-ins to an existing pavement, you may propose and implement a layer
thickness that does not conform to the thickness requirements of Clause 3.6.1.
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R116
HOLD POINT
Process Held:
Placing of asphalt in nonconforming layer thicknesses.
Submission Details:
Details must include:
(a) work methods proposed to ensure that a dense homogeneous layer will
be provided; and
(b) proposed nominated layer thicknesses; and
(c) evidence that affected areas are the absolute minimum necessary to
conform to the Drawings and that as far as possible, the nominated layer
thickness of the corrective courses complies with the limits specified in
Clause 3.6.1.
Release of Hold Point:
The Principal will consider the submitted documents prior to authorising the
release of the Hold Point.
3.7
PAVEMENT TEMPERATURE AND WEATHER CONDITIONS
Measure and record the pavement surface temperature and wind velocity at the point of asphalt
placing. Document the method of measurement and recording in your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN.
Do not commence or continue placing asphalt, unless the pavement surface temperature complies with
the following requirements:
(a)
Where the nominal size of asphalt is less than 20 mm, the minimum pavement surface
temperature must be 10oC for a zero wind speed at pavement level for binder complying with
Specification RMS 3253.
(b)
Where the nominal size of asphalt is 20 mm or greater, the minimum pavement surface
temperature must be 5oC for a zero wind speed at pavement level for binder complying with
Specification RMS 3253.
(c)
Add 5oC to each of the limits in (a) or (b) above for binder complying with Specification RMS
3252.
(d)
Add 5oC to each of the limits in (a), (b) and (c) above for each 5 kph of wind speed above zero
(measured at pavement level) provided that the cumulative temperature for (a), (b) or (c) above
does not exceed 30oC.
Do not place tackcoat and/or asphalt when the pavement surface is wet and/or rain is imminent.
3.8
PAVING AND COMPACTION TEMPERATURES
The temperatures at which the asphalt is placed and compacted must be consistent with Austroads
AGPT04B/07.
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HOLD POINT
Process Held:
Placing of the nominated mix (including placement trial).
Submission Details:
Nominate in writing:
(a) the minimum temperature at which asphalt is to be delivered to the
paver; and
(b) the minimum temperature at which initial compaction of the asphalt is
to commence; and
(c) the method of temperature measurement.
Release of Hold Point:
The Principal will consider the submitted documents prior to authorising the
release of the Hold Point.
Asphalt that exhibits a temperature variation must not be incorporated in the Works unless it has been
remixed to a consistent and adequate temperature for compaction.
Measure and monitor paving and compaction temperatures as described in your PROJECT QUALITY
PLAN with a hand held or machine mounted infrared thermometer readable and accurate to within
± 1% at the discharge point from a tipper truck or at the distribution auger on the paver.
Verification of the accuracy of the infrared thermometer and the determination of a correlation factor
must be undertaken daily at the commencement of work and at any other time at the request of the
Principal.
3.9
TACKCOAT
The tackcoat must be applied at a rate of between 0.15 and 0.30 litres of residual bitumen per square
metre. For joints and chases, the application rate must be approximately doubled.
The tackcoat must be evenly applied and effectively bonded to the surface. It must be intact at the
commencement of asphalt placement.
You must:
(a)
nominate in writing to the Principal the proposed tackcoat application rate prior to applying the
tackcoat;
(b)
endorse and provide to the Principal a daily record of the average tackcoat application rate
applied to each Lot;
(c)
report the tackcoat application rate in terms of residual bitumen and state the percentage dilution
of the tackcoat used during spraying.
3.10
JOINTS
Describe in your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN the procedure for the construction of joints. Your
procedure must maximise joint density and include mechanised edge compaction or mechanised edge
trimming. Hand tamping of edges is permitted where the use of a machine is impractical. Excess
material resulting from hand preparation of edges is not to be spread on the surface of the work.
All loose, cracked and/or boney material at the edge of a paved mat must be removed prior to placing
the adjacent mat. Asphalt resulting from clean-up of process trimmings is not to be used in the work.
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R116
Each joint must be finished with a smooth, planar surface coinciding with the surface of the rest of the
mat and satisfying the surface shape requirements specified in Clause 4.4.
Longitudinal joints must be:
(a)
offset by 150 mm from the joint in the underlying layers;
(b)
coincident within 150 mm of the line of change in crossfall;
(c)
coincident with final traffic markings, unless otherwise approved by the Principal.
Transverse joints must be:
(a)
located a minimum of 25 m apart;
(b)
offset by a minimum of 1 m from the joint in the underlying layer;
(c)
formed at the commencement of each paving run;
(d)
formed when a delay in paving causes asphalt temperature to fall below the initial compaction
temperature nominated in Clause 3.8.
3.11
PLACEMENT TRIAL
If specified in Annexure R116/A and prior to commencing work, the plant and personnel proposed for
use on the work must be subjected to a placement trial.
Each nominated mix must be subjected to a separate placement trial. Each placement trial must be
located remote from the work, unless otherwise approved by the Principal. The size of the placement
trial must be limited to one production shift. Design the trial to implement all the procedures
described in your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN and demonstrate conformity to the Specification in
respect of:
(a)
homogeneity;
(b)
insitu air voids;
(c)
course thickness;
(d)
course position;
(e)
surface shape;
(f)
joint quality; and
(g)
ride quality, where specified.
HOLD POINT
Process Held:
Placing of the nominated mix.
Submission Details:
Verification checklist and all relevant test results from the placement trial
demonstrating conformity to the Specification at least 3 working days prior
to further placing of your nominated mix on the work.
Release of Hold Point:
The Principal will consider the submitted documents prior to authorising the
release of the Hold Point.
In the event of a nonconformity in the placement trial, or when the Principal determines that a
previous trial is not representative of the materials, asphalt mix proportions, temperature, plant, rate of
output and/or method of placement, a new trial must be implemented.
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
Where a placement trial forms part of the work, manage all nonconformity in respect of materials,
process and finished pavement properties in accordance with Clause 5.
3.12
TEMPORARY RAMPS AND TIE-INS TO EXISTING PAVEMENT AND
STRUCTURES
Temporary ramps that are constructed for the safe trafficking of the work, must be constructed by
placement of asphalt complying with this Specification as appropriate for the application, or by cold
milling of existing or new asphalt.
The length and grade of temporary ramps must be equivalent to those specified for treatment at edges
and structures described in Specification RMS R101.
Construct permanent tie-ins to existing pavement by placement of asphalt complying with this
Specification.
4
FINISHED PAVEMENT PROPERTIES
4.1
INSITU AIR VOIDS
4.1.1
Requirements for Insitu Air Voids
Each layer of asphalt must be uniformly compacted to achieve the specified characteristic values of
insitu air voids before the next layer is placed.
The asphalt must have a dense appearance with the cut or cored faces of samples exhibiting few, if
any, surface voids.
The characteristic values of insitu air voids for the Lot must comply with Table R116.6.
Table R116.6 – Insitu Air Voids Standard
Limits for Characteristic Values of Insitu Air Voids
Specified layer thickness
 30 mm and < 50 mm
Specified layer thickness
 50 mm
VL = 3.0% and VU = 8.0%
VL = 3.0% and VU = 7.0%
Notes: VL is the lower limit of characteristic value of insitu air
voids and VU is the upper limit of characteristic value of
insitu air voids.
4.1.2
Determination of Insitu Air Voids
Carry out compaction control on Lots using statistical techniques as specified in RMS Q.
The calculation for determining the insitu air voids is set out in Annexure R116/E. Determine the bulk
density either from cores in accordance with AS 2891.9.2 or from nuclear density measurements taken
in accordance with AS 2891.14.2 and using the calibrated procedure described in AS 2891.14.3. Only
one of these methods is to be used to calculate the bulk density.
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Cores must be taken in accordance with AS 2891.1.2. The cores must be trimmed but the layer
thickness must not be reduced.
The nuclear density method is not to be used when steel reinforcement exists within 300 mm of the
surface of the layer.
The reference density for the purpose of insitu air voids calculations is the mean maximum density of
the Lot where the individual values are determined in accordance with AS 2891.7.3.
Air voids must be determined for:
(a)
every change in underlying pavement material and layering within 300 mm of the surface of the
layer being measured, and
(b)
every change in nominated mix and specified layer thickness.
4.2
COURSE THICKNESS
4.2.1
Requirement for Course Thickness
The specified course thickness is detailed in Annexure R116/A.
(a)
Where finished surface levels are not specified
You must comply with:
(i)
Where a single layer of asphalt is placed over an existing pavement constructed by others,
the average compacted course thickness for each Lot must not be less than the specified
course thickness or greater than the specified course thickness plus the tolerance specified
in Table R116.7 for the nominal size of asphalt.
OR
(ii)
Where asphalt is placed over one or more layers placed by you, the Lot is deemed to be
conforming if the lower characteristic value of thickness (TL) for the Lot is not less than
the specified course thickness as shown on the Drawings or specified in Annexure
R116/A and the upper characteristic value of thickness (TU) for the Lot is not more than
the specified course thickness plus the tolerance specified in Table R116.7 for the
nominal size of the asphalt.
Table R116.7 – Allowable Tolerances for Course Thickness
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Nominal Size of Asphalt (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
5
+5
7
+5
10
+6
14
+8
20
+ 10
28
+ 12
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(b)
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
Where finished surface levels are specified
Control the course thickness by maintaining the design levels and the surface shape
requirements specified in Clause 4.4 provided that:
4.2.2
(i)
The average compacted course thickness of each Lot calculated from surveys must be
consistent with the average compacted course thickness of the respective Lot determined
from cores. Include in your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN, the statistical technique for
verifying the consistency of the results.
(ii)
The average compacted course thickness of each Lot of the wearing course is within 10%
of the specified course thickness.
Determination of Course Thickness
Determine the characteristic values and average value of thickness of the Lot on the basis of statistical
techniques as specified in RMS Q on cores taken in accordance with AS 2891.1.2 where:
(a)
trimming of the core does not reduce the layer thickness;
(b)
the core diameter can be less than 95 mm;
(c)
the test specimen may comprise more than one layer.
The calculation of the upper and lower characteristic values of thickness for the Lot is shown in
Annexure R116/E2.
4.3
COURSE POSITION
4.3.1
Determination of Course Position
Where finished surface levels are specified, measure the course position of each Lot by survey in
accordance with Specification RMS Q.
Where finished surface levels are not specified, determine the course position by reference to existing
pavement surface and road fixtures.
Determine the course position within 72 hours of the installation of the Lot.
4.3.2
Requirement for Vertical Level
The levels of the top surface of any course are calculated from the design finished levels less the total
course thickness(es) overlying that course. The measured levels determined by survey must not vary
from the calculated levels for a course by more than the tolerance shown in Table R116.8.
Where the new asphalt wearing course is required to match the surface levels of a road structure (e.g.
tie-in to existing pavement or bridge joints, pavement gutter, utility access point, etc), the pavement
must be constructed so as to drain the surface of water and match the surface levels of the existing
road structure, unless otherwise directed by the Principal.
Dispositions for nonconformity must be approved before a subsequent course is placed.
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Table R116.8 – Allowable Tolerances for Survey Levels
Below Calculated Level
(mm)
Above Calculated Level
(mm)
Wearing Course
0
10
Top Intermediate Course
5
10
Other Intermediate Courses
10
10
Corrective Course
15
10
Course
4.3.3
Requirement for Horizontal Location
The survey location of any point on the surface of a course for level determination must be located
within 25 mm from the corresponding point determined from the Drawings.
4.4
SURFACE SHAPE
4.4.1
Determination of Surface Shape
Determine and report the surface shape in accordance with Test Method RMS T183.
The maximum Lot size must be in accordance with RMS Q and extended to include the adjacent
longitudinal joints, transverse joints and tie-ins. Carry out testing at the frequency as specified in
Table R116/L.5 of Annexure R116/L.
4.4.2
Requirement for Surface Shape
The surface of the course including longitudinal and transverse joints must not pond water.
The surface shape of the course within the traffic lane must not deviate from the bottom of a straight
edge laid in any direction by more than the tolerances shown in Table R116.9. Where the deviations
from a straight edge for an existing surface exceed 10 mm, carry out rectification of those areas before
a new asphalt layer is placed, unless directed otherwise by the Principal.
Correct any nonconformities before testing ride quality and before a subsequent course is placed.
Table R116.9 – Maximum Deviation From Straight Edge Placed Within Traffic Lane (mm)
Through Carriageway
 70 kph Traffic Speed
(Ramps & Roundabouts)
Through Carriageway
 70 kph Traffic Speed
Corrective Course
15
10
Intermediate Course
10
5
Wearing Course
5
3
Course
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4.5
RIDE QUALITY
4.5.1
Determination of Ride Quality
If specified in Annexure R116/A, determine the ride quality (IRIS) from measurements of longitudinal
profile taken by a vehicular laser profilometer where the ride quality is the IRIS determined in
accordance with Test Method RMS T188 and the Lot is a Section within the test lane as defined in the
Test Method.
Develop an Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) for ride quality that meets the requirements of the
Specification. Define the Lots and the start and end locations for testing in your ITP.
Supply the Principal with copies of the RMS Accreditation Certificates for each vehicular laser
profilometer driver and operator proposed for use in the Works.
4.5.2
Requirement for Ride Quality
The surface of the wearing course must have a smooth longitudinal profile, and
(a)
when construction of the underlying pavement forms part of the contract; or
(b)
when asphalt is placed in more than one layer, including any corrective course over a pavement
constructed by others;
(c)
when the scope of the work targets a ride quality;
the ride quality of each Lot must not exceed an International Roughness Index (IRIS) of 1.56 m/km.
Where a single layer of asphalt is placed over pavement constructed by others, the ride quality of each
Lot must not exceed the IRISa values determined as follows:
IRISa = 0.2 + (0.6 × IRISb), or 1.56 m/km, whichever is the greater
where:
IRISa is the IRIS after placing the asphalt layer (m/km)
IRISb is the IRIS before placing the asphalt layer (m/km)
Where a single layer of asphalt is placed over a pavement constructed by others, determine and report
the ride quality of the existing surface prior to the work. Lots of the existing surface must be selected
such that they coincide with Lots of the finished work.
5
CONFORMITY
Verify conformity with the Specification by sampling and testing, and providing records of process
control.
5.1
HOMOGENEITY
All asphalt must be homogenous in appearance.
Areas of asphalt that exhibit segregation, cracking, ravelling, bony or fatty material, or have been
damaged during construction must be rectified or replaced.
Any proposal by you that the Principal accepts non-homogeneous and/or segregated material or work
must be in writing and must show:
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
(a)
the technical reasons for acceptance;
(b)
compliance with the Specification; and
(c)
sub-Lotting that minimises performance risk to the surface and structure of the pavement.
5.2
R116
SAMPLING
Nominate all sampling locations, frequencies and test methods in your PROJECT QUALITY PLAN.
In addition to the requirements of Annexure Q/L of RMS Q, and unless otherwise specified or agreed
with the Principal, boundaries of sub-Lots represented by a single tested sample are deemed to be the
midpoints in production between the sample points for the purpose of Clause B2 in Annexure R116/B
of this Specification.
When the Principal requests loose asphalt samples for testing, you must riffle and/or quarter the
samples.
All samples, including core samples, must be delivered in sealed and labelled containers.
5.3
TESTING
5.3.1
Minimum Frequency of Testing
The minimum frequency of testing is specified in Annexure R116/L. Nominate an appropriate
frequency where a minimum frequency of testing is not specified.
You may propose in writing to the Principal that a reduced minimum frequency of testing be accepted
in accordance with RMS Q. Support your proposal with a statistical analysis verifying consistent
process capability and product characteristics.
In the event of a nonconformity, a reduced frequency of testing must revert immediately to the
specified minimum frequency of testing. You can request a reduction in the minimum frequency of
testing when you can demonstrate again by statistical analysis that you have gained a consistent
process capability and product characteristics.
5.3.2
Maximum Lot Size
The maximum Lot size must conform to RMS Q.
5.3.3
Time for Submission of Test Results
Complete and report to the Principal:
(i)
the tests for binder content, combined particle size distribution and air voids in laboratory
compacted mix within one working day of placing the asphalt.
(ii)
the tests for insitu air voids, course thickness and course shape within three working days of
placing the asphalt.
5.4
PROCESS CONTROL
Employ a capable process and implement process control in accordance with or exceeding the
requirements of Australian Asphalt Pavement Association Implementation Guide IG-3.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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R116
5.5
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
NONCONFORMITIES
If a Lot fails to conform to the Specification, such failure will constitute a nonconformity under the
Contract.
If a nonconformity is not accepted in accordance with Annexure R116/B2, rectify and replace the Lot.
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Ed 8 / Rev 2
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
ANNEXURE R116/A – PROJECT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
The requirements below apply to the following pavement types in the project:
Insert pavement types (and locations if applicable).
Use multiple copies to cater for different pavement designs within the same project.
Course
Nominal Size of
Asphalt (mm)
Class of Binder
(Clause 2.1.5)
Specified Course
Thickness (mm)
(Clause 4.2.1)
Wearing
Intermediate 1
Intermediate 2
Intermediate 3
Intermediate 4
Corrective 1
Corrective 2
Clause
Description
Requirement *
Performance testing required:
2.2.5
- Resilient Modulus
Yes / No
2.2.6
- Wheel Tracking
Yes / No
3.3
3.3
Material Transfer Vehicle required:
- Wearing course
Yes / No
- Intermediate courses
Yes / No
Paving in echelon required:
- Wearing course
Yes / No
- Intermediate courses
Yes / No
3.11
Placement trial required:
Yes / No
4.5.1
Measurement of ride quality of pavement required:
- Existing pavement
Yes / No
- Finished pavement
Yes / No
* Delete as applicable
Measure the following pay items by area (refer Annexure R116/B): (List pay items)
Other Project Specific Requirements: (List requirements)
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
ANNEXURE R116/B – MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT AND
DISPOSITION OF NONCONFORMITIES
Refer to Clause 1.3.2.
B1
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
Payment for the activities associated with completing the work detailed in this Specification will be
made in accordance with the following Pay Items.
A lump sum price for any of these items will not be accepted.
Where an item of work required is not specifically covered by the measurement and payment
descriptions for the pay items in the Schedule, due allowance must be made in one or more of the
other pay items to allow for this item of work at the time of tendering.
Measurement and payment of asphalt is made on the basis of either mass or area as follows:
(a)
Measurement by Mass
Unless specified otherwise in Annexure R116/A, the quantity of asphalt must be measured by
mass and the unit of measurement is the “tonne”.
The Principal may approve measurement by batch weights using certified scales. The quantity
of asphalt in place in the final work must be mutually agreed using the RMS Contract Quantity
Agreement Sheet using the tally of the weigh bridge dockets of delivered asphalt less the
quantity of asphalt not incorporated in the Works.
Truck weighbridge dockets must be issued at a weighbridge certified by the NSW Office of Fair
Trading and collected at the point of delivery.
(b)
Measurement by Area
If specified in Annexure R116/A, the quantity of asphalt is measured by area and the unit of
measurement is square metre.
The area will be determined from the dimensions shown on the Drawings or as specified for the
work in Annexure R116/A.
The measurement of tackcoat sprayed is based on the quantity of residual bitumen. The unit of
measurement is the litre determined from sprayer tanker dippings.
Pay Item R116P1 –
Supply and Application of Tackcoat (Including Preparation of
Surface)
Unless specified otherwise in Annexure R116/A, the quantity of tackcoat used in the work is
determined by volume and the unit of measurement is a litre of residual bitumen.
Determine the volume by multiplying the nominated application rate of residual bitumen by the
specified area of the road surface to be tackcoated.
Tackcoat applied to faces of joints, kerbs and other structures is deemed to be included in the rate.
26
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
Pay Item R116P2 –
R116
Heavy Duty Dense Asphalt in Corrective Courses
R116P2.1 5 mm Nominal Size
R116P2.2 7 mm Nominal Size
R116P2.3 10 mm Nominal Size
R116P2.4 14 mm Nominal Size
R116P2.5 20 mm Nominal Size
Pay Item R116P3 –
Heavy Duty Dense Asphalt in Intermediate Courses
R116P3.1 10 mm Nominal Size
R116P3.2 14 mm Nominal Size
R116P3.3 20 mm Nominal Size
R116P3.4 28 mm Nominal Size
Pay Item R116P4 –
Heavy Duty Dense Asphalt in Wearing Course
R116P4.1 5 mm Nominal Size
R116P4.2 7 mm Nominal Size
R116P4.3 10 mm Nominal Size
R116P4.4 14 mm Nominal Size
Pay Item R116P5 –
Heavy Duty Dense Asphalt Over Existing Pavement
(No Levels Specified)
R116P5.1 5 mm Nominal Size
R116P5.2 7 mm Nominal Size
R116P5.3 10 mm Nominal Size
R116P5.4 14 mm Nominal Size
Pay Item R116P6 –
Heavy Duty Dense Asphalt Over Existing Pavement
(Levels Specified)
R116P6.1 5 mm Nominal Size
R116P6.2 7 mm Nominal Size
R116P6.3 10 mm Nominal Size
R116P6.4 14 mm Nominal Size
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
Pay Item R116P7 –
Incentives and Deductions in accordance with Annexure R116/B
R116P7.1 All deductions calculated as per Tables R116/B.1, R116/B.2 and R116/B.5
R116P7.2 All incentives calculated as per Tables R116/B.6
Incentives and deductions under this pay item are not subject to rise and fall adjustments.
Pay Item R116P8 –
Miscellaneous Items
R116P8.1 Resilient Modulus Test if specified in Annexure R116/A (rate for each nominated
mix)
R116P8.2 Wheel Tracking Test if specified in Annexure R116/A (rate for each nominated mix)
B2
DISPOSITION OF NONCONFORMITIES
B2.1
General
If the nonconformity is not accepted in accordance with Annexure R116/B2.2, the nonconforming
material must be replaced or the nonconforming section of work must be either replaced or corrected.
The cost of rectifying nonconformities, including any restoration work to any underlying or adjacent
surface or structure, which becomes necessary as a result of such replacement or correction, will be
borne by you. Materials removed from the site by you must be replaced with materials that conform
to this Specification.
B2.2
Acceptance of Nonconformities
You may propose in writing to the Principal that pre-determined dispositions be applied to
nonconformities for the following properties:
(a)
Combined particle size distribution and binder content in asphalt
(b)
Insitu air voids
(c)
Tensile strength ratio
(d)
Filler / binder ratio
(e)
Ride quality.
Deductions apply to the schedule rate for the quantity of asphalt represented by the test sample and
will be recorded against Pay Item R116P7.1.
B2.2.1
Combined Particle Size Distribution and Binder Content
Deductions in accordance with Table R116/B.1 will be applied to accepted nonconformities in
combined particle size distribution and binder content provided that:
28
(a)
For any individual sieve size and the binder content, nonconformities greater than twice
the production tolerance specified in Table R116.5 will not be accepted, and
(b)
Deductions are cumulative and nonconformities will not be accepted if combined
deductions exceed 20%.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
Table R116/B.1 – Deductions for Combined Particle Size Distribution and Binder Content
% by which nonconformity exceeds
production tolerance (Clause 2.4.2)
Combined Particle Size
Distribution Element
Deductions
(in per cent of
schedule rate)
(% by mass of total aggregate)
Pass 37.5 mm AS sieve
Each 2 or part thereof
1
Pass 26.5 mm AS sieve
Each 2 or part thereof
1
Pass 19.0 mm AS sieve
Each 2 or part thereof
1
Pass 13.2 mm AS sieve
Each 2 or part thereof
1
Pass 9.50 mm AS sieve
Each 2 or part thereof
1
Pass 6.70 mm AS sieve
Each 2 or part thereof
1
Pass 4.75 mm AS sieve
Each 2 or part thereof
1
Pass 2.36 mm AS sieve
Each 1 or part thereof
1
Pass 1.18 mm AS sieve
Each 1 or part thereof
1
Pass 0.600 mm AS sieve
Each 1 or part thereof
1
Pass 0.300 mm AS sieve
Each 1 or part thereof
2
Pass 0.150 mm AS sieve
Each 0.5 or part thereof
2
Pass 0.075 mm AS sieve
Each 0.5 or part thereof
2
Binder Content for
(% by mass of total asphalt mix)
20 mm asphalt or smaller
Each 0.1 or part thereof
3
28 mm and 40 mm asphalt
Each 0.1 or part thereof
2
B2.2.2
Insitu Air Voids
Deductions in accordance with Table R116/B.2 will be applied to accepted nonconformities in
excess of the upper characteristic insitu air voids provided that nonconformities will not be
accepted when the upper characteristic insitu air voids exceeds the specified limit by more than
1.5%.
Table R116/B.2 – Deductions for Nonconforming Insitu Air Voids
B2.2.3
Insitu air voids in excess of
specified limit VU by
Deduction (in per cent
of value of Lot)
< 0.5%
5%
0.5% – 1.0%
30%
1.1% – 1.5%
50%
> 1.5%
Reject
Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR)
The procedures detailed in Table R116/B.3 must apply to accepted nonconformities in Tensile
Strength Ratio provided that when the Tensile Strength Ratio is less than 70% and the air voids
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
in laboratory compacted mix are nonconforming, the nonconformity will not be accepted except
for Warm Mix Asphalt (refer to Clause 2.2.4)
Table R116/B.3 – Procedures for Nonconforming TSR
Condition
Action required
70%  TSR  80%
(a) If previous result  80%
(i) Promptly implement corrective action, and
(ii) Test after implementing corrective action and
report results within 4 working days
(b) If previous result  80%
Observe Hold Point
TSR  70%
Observe Hold Point
Tests not carried out at required frequency,
or
Test results not reported within specified
timeframe, or
Observe Hold Point
Corrective action not promptly implemented
Note:
In all cases of nonconformity, the minimum frequency of testing regime recommences as for
submission of new nominated mix as provided for in Clause 5.3.1.
Where a HOLD POINT is required to be observed, investigate the causes of the nonconformity,
and propose corrective action to prevent recurrence of future conformity.
HOLD POINT
Process Held:
Manufacture of the nominated mix.
Submission Details:
Test results covering the same Lot for insitu air voids and all characteristics
specified in Clause 2.2. Also, the proposal for corrective action to achieve
conformity.
Release of Hold Point:
The Principal will consider the submitted documents prior to authorising the
release of the Hold Point.
Do not recommence production of asphalt until the corrective action is implemented. Test after
implementing corrective action and report results within 4 working days of the resumption of
production.
B2.2.4
Filler/Binder Ratio
The procedures detailed in Table R116/B.4 must apply to accepted nonconformities in
Filler/Binder Ratio provided that the nonconformitties will not be accepted when:
30
(a)
binder content and/or the percentage of aggregate passing 0.075 mm AS Sieve are
individually nonconforming, or
(b)
the individual test result exceeds the design Filler/Binder Ratio of the nominated mix by
more than 0.4.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
Table R116/B.4 – Procedures for Nonconforming Filler/Binder Ratio
Procedure
Corrective action must have been implemented at or prior to the occurrence of five consecutive
points in a five point rolling mean being above or below the design Filler/Binder Ratio, and
Corrective action must have been implemented at or prior to the occurrence of five consecutive
increasing points in a five point rolling range, and
The binder film thickness of all samples with Filler/Binder Ratio of 1.4 and above must have been
reported.
B2.2.5
Ride Quality
Deductions in accordance with Table R116/B.5 must be applied to accepted nonconformities in
ride quality provided that the nonconformities will not be accepted when the ride quality
exceeds the specified limit by more than 0.80 m/km.
Table R116/B.5 – Deductions for Ride Quality
B3
Ride quality in excess of
specified limit by (m/km)
Deduction (in per cent
of value of Lot)
< 0.25
2
0.25 – 0.43
4
0.44 – 0.61
8
0.62 – 0.80
16
INCENTIVES
It may be proposed in writing to the Principal that pre-determined incentives be applied in accordance
with Table R116/B.6 to the ride quality of the asphalt wearing course, provided that:
(a)
the Lot conforms to all requirements of this Specification, and
(b)
for all three adjacent Lots in all directions, the ride quality is conforming.
Table R116/B.6 – Incentives for Ride Quality
Ride quality below
specified limit by (m/km)
Incentive (in per cent
of value of Lot)
< 0.44
0
0.44 – 0.61
1
0.62 – 0.80
2
> 0.80
3
Incentives apply to the schedule rate for the quantity of asphalt represented by the test sample and
must be recorded against Pay Item R116P7.2.
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
ANNEXURE R116/C – SCHEDULES OF HOLD POINTS AND
IDENTIFIED RECORDS
Refer to Clause 1.3.3.
C1
SCHEDULE OF HOLD POINTS
Clause
Description
2.2.1
Progression to RAP Level 2, 2W, 3 or 4
2.3.1
Placing of the nominated mix(es)
3.6.2
Placing of asphalt in non-conforming layer thicknesses
3.8
Placing of the nominated mix (including placement trial)
3.11
Placing of the nominated mix
B2.2.3
C2
Manufacture of the nominated mix
SCHEDULE OF IDENTIFIED RECORDS
The records listed below are Identified Records for the purposes of RMS Q Annexure Q/E.
Clause
32
Description of Identified Record
1.3.4
Project specific project quality plan
1.3.4
RAP Management Plan
2.1.5
Documentary evidence of the binder conformity for each delivery
2.3.1
Documents as detailed for each nominated asphalt mix
2.3.1
Documents as detailed for proprietary information
2.4.3,
2.4.5
Asphalt manufacturing process parameters including process temperatures
3.6.2
Detailed proposal for placing corrective courses and tie-ins in nonconforming
thicknesses
3.7
Pavement temperature and weather conditions
3.8
Asphalt temperature at which initial compaction will be commenced
3.9
Notification of proposed application rates for tackcoat.
3.9
Daily record of the average tackcoat application rate in each Lot
3.11
Verification checklist and all listed test reports of the trial section for each
combination of materials, mix proportions, equipment, rate of paving and
methods for placement, compaction and finishing
4.4.1
The location and frequency of straight edge measurements including testing at
longitudinal and transverse joints
5.3.1
Test reports of all specified properties and characteristics at the minimum
frequency of testing
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
ANNEXURE R116/D – PLANNING DOCUMENTS
Refer to Clause 1.3.4. The following documents are a summary of documents that must be included in
the PROJECT QUALITY PLAN. Review the requirements of this Specification and others included
in the Contract to determine additional documentation requirements.
Clause
1.3.4
2.1
Planning Documents
Manufacturer’s written recommendations.
For each constituent material, Lot/stockpile sizes, method of defining each Lot and
allocating a unique Lot Number.
Procurement, handling and storage of each constituent material.
Nominated particle size distribution and tolerances for each constituent aggregate.
2.3
Development and authorisation of the nominated mix submission.
2.4
For each nominated mix, method of defining each Lot and allocating a unique Lot
Number.
Calibration of the asphalt manufacturing plant, including all weigh scales, flowmeters and
thermometers.
Process control, including plant operating instructions, key temperature targets and
records, and response to process control charts.
Acquisition, storage and handling of binder, including identification and prevention of
segregation and/or contamination.
Control of plant feed proportions, including regular checks on grading and moisture
content.
Daily asphalt manufacturing plan to ensure timely and uninterrupted progress on site.
2.5
Loading, delivery and unloading procedures that maintain adequate mix temperature and
do not interrupt progress of the paving train.
3
For each paving and related activity, method of defining each Lot and allocating a unique
Lot Number.
Calibration of all thermometers and other measuring equipment.
Process control for surface preparation, tackcoating, placing, joint construction,
compaction and cleanup, including plant operating instructions, key temperature targets
and records, patterns for paving and compaction operations, and process monitoring.
3.3
Allocation of appropriate plant and equipment, including backup in case of breakdown.
3.6
Nominated layer thicknesses where these have not been specified by the Principal.
3.7
Measurement and recording of pavement temperatures and weather conditions.
3.8
Paving and compaction temperature
3.10
Construction joints
3.11
Design, execution and quality verification of a placement trial.
4.2.1
Requirements for course thickness
5.1, 5.2 &
5.3
Ed 8 / Rev 2
Inspection and test plan, including methods and frequencies of sampling, methods and
frequencies of testing, verification checklists, and timeframe for submission of test results.
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R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
ANNEXURE R116/E – CALCULATIONS
E1
CALCULATION OF CHARACTERISTIC VALUES OF INSITU AIR VOIDS
Calculate the upper (VU) and lower (VL) characteristic values of insitu air voids of the Lot as follows:
VU = a + ks
where:
VL = a - ks
s = the standard deviation of sub-Lot air voids expressed as a percentage
k = value stated in RMS Q Annexure Q/L Clause L3.2
a = the arithmetic mean of insitu air voids expressed as a percentage for all sub-Lots
and
 MD  BD 
a
  100%
 MD 
MD = mean maximum density of the Lot determined in accordance with AS2891.7.3
BD = bulk density of the sub-Lot determined in accordance with,
(i)
AS 2891.9.2 for cores
(ii)
AS 2891.14.2 and AS 2891.14.3 for nuclear density gauge
Round and report the values of VU and VL to the nearest 0.1%.
E2
CALCULATION OF CHARACTERISTIC VALUE OF THICKNESS
Calculate the upper (TU) and lower (TL) characteristic values of thickness for the Lot as follows:
TU = x + ks
where:
TL = x - ks
s = the standard deviation of sub-Lot attribute test results
k = value stated in RMS Q Annexure Q/L Clause L3.2
x = the average height of a core (mm) based on measurements taken at four equidistant
points at the circumference of the core.
x = the arithmetic mean of attribute test results for all sub-Lots
(Note x , x and s are in mm and T is rounded to the nearest whole millimetre.)
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
ANNEXURE R116/F – REQUIREMENTS FOR RAP LEVEL
PROGRESSION
To progress from RAP Approval Level 1 or 1W to 2, 2W, 3 or 4, demonstrate that you have met the
testing requirements in Tables R116/F.
Table R116/F – RAP level Progression Criteria
Submission Type
Testing
Section A
Nominated mix submission (to be
renewed annually)
(a) Particle size distribution of RAP aggregate washed in
solvent and tested in accordance with AS1141.11
(b) Binder content of RAP in accordance with AS 2891.3.1
(c) Recovered binder viscosity of RAP in accordance with
RMS T522
(d) Quality of RAP aggregate washed in solvent to comply
with RMS 3153
Contract frequency testing (each Lot of
RAP used in asphalt production)
(a) Particle size distribution of RAP aggregate washed in
solvent and tested in accordance with AS 1141.11
(b) Binder content of RAP in accordance with AS 2891.3.1
Contract frequency testing (daily on
RAP incorporated into asphalt)
(a) Moisture content of RAP in accordance with RMS T660
(b) Visual monitoring of incoming RAP by a person
experienced in the process
Section B
Production and placement trial testing
(to be repeated annually and at change
in nominated mix)
All testing required in Section A, plus:
(a) Resilient Modulus of asphalt containing RAP in
accordance with AS 2891.13.1
(b) Wheel tracking of asphalt containing RAP in accordance
with AG:PT/T231
(c) Beam fatigue of asphalt containing RAP in accordance
with AG:PT/T233
(d) Moisture sensitivity of asphalt containing RAP in
accordance with RMS T649
Section C
Optimisation testing to establish the
optimum mix design based on the
following performance testing of at
least three separate samples of asphalt
containing RAP (to be repeated
annually and at change in nominated
mix)
Ed 8 / Rev 2
All testing required as per Section A and Section B
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R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
ANNEXURES R116/G TO R116/K – (NOT USED)
ANNEXURE R116/L – MINIMUM FREQUENCY OF TESTING
The minimum frequency of testing of the materials, production, placing and finished pavement are
listed in Tables R116/L.1 to R116/L.5.
Table R116/L.1 – Minimum Frequency of Testing of Asphalt
Quantity of Asphalt
Supplied in Each Shift
Minimum Frequency of Testing
Less than 100 tonnes
One per 50 tonnes or part thereof
101 to 300 tonnes
One per 100 tonnes or part thereof
301 to 600 tonnes
One per 150 tonnes or part thereof
Over 600 tonnes
One per 200 tonnes or part thereof
Note:
A "shift" must be continuous work not exceeding a period of
12 hours.
Table R116/L.2 – Constituents
Clause
Constituent
Minimum Frequency of Testing(2) as per
2.1.1
Coarse aggregates
RMS 3152
2.1.2
Fine aggregates
RMS 3152
2.1.3
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)
RMS 3153 and Annexure R116/F
2.1.3
Glass granulate aggregate
RMS 3154
2.1.4
Added fillers
RMS 3211
2.1.5
Binder
RMS 3252 and RMS 3253
2.1.6
Bitumen adhesion agent
RMS 3259 and RMS 3269
2.1.7
Bitumen emulsion tackcoat
AS 1160
Notes:
(1)
The nominated mix design submission must also include complying test results for each specified
characteristic of each constituent.
(2)
The minimum frequency of testing must be in accordance with the specific RMS Test Method or
Australian Standard.
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Ed 8 / Rev 2
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
Table R116/L.3 – Asphalt Production
Clause
Characteristic
Test Method /
Procedure
Minimum Frequency of Testing
2.1.4
Filler in asphalt – Dry
compacted voids
AS 1141.17
One test with each nominated mix
submission
2.1.4
Filler in asphalt – Methylene
blue value
RMS T659
One test with each nominated mix
submission
2.2.1
Binder content
AS 2891.3.1
As per Table R116/L.1
2.2.1
Combined particle size
distribution
AS 2891.3.1
As per Table R116/L.1
2.2.2
Ratio of % passing 0.075 mm
AS sieve to binder content
AS 2891.3.1
As per Table R116/L.1
2.2.2
Binder film index
AS 2891.8
One test with each nominated mix
submission
2.2.2
VMA and air voids in laboratory
compacted mix (120 cycles)
T662
As per Table R116/L.1
AS 2891.7.3
AS 2891.8
AS 2891.9.2
2.2.2
Air voids in laboratory
compacted mix (350 cycles)
T662
1 per asphalt production Lot
AS 2891.7.3
AS 2891.8
AS 2891.9.2
2.2.3
Moisture content
RMS T660
As per Table R116/L.1
2.2.4
Tensile Strength Ratio
RMS T640
One test for up to 2,000 tonnes or part
thereof and thence one test per 5,000
tonnes or part thereof of the production
mix
2.2.5
Resilient modulus
AS 2891.13.1
One test with each nominated mix
submission (if specified in Annexure
R116/A)
2.2.6
Deformation resistance
AG:PT/T231
One test with each nominated mix
submission (if specified in Annexure
R116/A)
2.4.5
Production temperature of
asphalt
Your
documented
procedure
As specified in PQP
2.4.5
Despatch temperature of asphalt
Your
documented
procedure
Each delivered load
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
Table R116/L.4 – Asphalt Placing
Clause
Characteristic
Test Method / Procedure
Minimum Frequency of Testing
3.7
Pavement temperature
Your documented procedure
1 measurement every 2 hours
3.7
Wind velocity
Your documented procedure
1 measurement every 2 hours
3.8
Temperature at initial
compaction
Your documented procedure
Each delivered load
3.9
Tackcoat application
rate
Your documented procedure
Each paving Lot
5.1
Homogeneity
Visual assessment
Each paving Lot
Table R116/L.5 – Finished Pavement Properties
Clause
Characteristic
Clause / Test
Method
Minimum Frequency of Testing
4.1
Insitu air voids
Clause 4.1.2
As specified for relative compaction > 100.0 in
RMS Q L3.1
4.2
Course thickness
Clause 4.2.2
As specified for relative compaction > 100.0 in
RMS Q L3.1
4.3
Course position
Clause 4.3.2 &
Clause 4.3.3
RMS Q
4.4
Surface Shape
T183
(a) Within lane:
one measurement in longitudinal direction
and 1 measurement in transverse direction
every 60 m2
(b) Longitudinal joint excluding crowns:
one measurement per 10 lineal metres
(c) Transverse joint:
one measurement in each wheel path in each
lane except at the boundaries of the contract
4.5
38
Ride quality
T188
Each Lot as defined in the Test Method T188
Ed 8 / Rev 2
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Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
R116
ANNEXURE R116/M – REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
RMS Specifications
RMS G10
Traffic Management
RMS Q
Quality Management System
RMS R101
Cold Milling of Road Pavement Materials
RMS 3152
Aggregates for Asphalt
RMS 3153
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material
RMS 3154
Granulated Glass Aggregate
RMS 3211
Cements, Binders and Fillers
RMS 3252
Polymer Modified Binder
RMS 3253
Bitumen for Pavements
RMS 3259
Bitumen Adhesion Agent (Bitumen Classes 170 and 320)
RMS 3269
Bitumen Adhesion Agent (Polymer Modified Bitumen)
RMS Test Methods
RMS T183
Surface Deviation Using a Straightedge
RMS T188
Project Ride Quality (Vehicular Laser Profilerometer)
RMS T230
Resistance to Stripping of Aggregates and Binders
RMS T522
Penetration and Properties of Binder Recovered from Asphalt
RMS T640
Propensity for Moisture Damage in Asphalt (Specimens moulded in the
laboratory)
RMS T649
Propensity for Moisture Damage in Asphalt (Cores)
RMS T659
Methylene Blue Value of Road Construction Material
RMS T660
Moisture Content of Bituminous Mixes (Mass Loss Method)
RMS T662
Compaction of Asphalt Test Specimens (using a Gyratory Compactor)
RMS Technical Directions
TD 2006/03
Use of Rhyolite Aggregate in Asphalt (OSD03)
Australian Standards
AS 1160
Bituminous emulsions for construction and maintenance of pavements
AS 2150*
Hot mix asphalt - A guide to good practice
Note* Keep a copy of this Australian Standard on site
Australian Standard Test Methods
AS 1141.11
Ed 8 / Rev 2
Particle size distribution - Sieving method
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R116
Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt
AS 1141.17
Voids in dry compacted filler
AS 1141.50
Resistance to stripping of cover aggregates from binders
AS 2891.1.1
Sampling - Loose asphalt
AS 2891.1.2
Sampling - Coring method
AS 2891.3.1
Bitumen content and aggregate grading - Reflux method
AS 2891.7.3
Determination of maximum density of asphalt - Methylated spirit displacement
AS 2891.8
Voids and density relationships for compacted asphalt mixes
AS 2891.9.2
Determination of bulk density of compacted asphalt - Presaturation method
AS 2891.13.1
Determination of the resilient modulus of asphalt - Indirect tensile method
AS 2891.14.2
Determination of field density of compacted asphalt using nuclear thin-layer
density gauge
AS 2891.14.3
Calibration of nuclear thin-layer density gauge using standard blocks
Austroads Test Methods and Guides
AG:PT/T231
Deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures by the wheel tracking test
AG:PT/T233
Fatigue life of compacted bituminous mixes subject to repeated flexural bending
AG:PT/T237
Binder film index
AGPT04B/07
Guide to Pavement Technology Part 4B: Asphalt
AAPA Guides
Advisory Note 7
Guide to the Selection, Heating and Storage of Binders for Sprayed Sealing and
Hot Mixed Asphalt
IG-3
Asphalt Plant Process Control Guide
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Ed 8 / Rev 2