Vol 6 Issue 2 March 2016
ISSN No : 2230-7850
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
International Multidisciplinary
Research Journal
Indian Streams
Research Journal
Executive Editor
Ashok Yakkaldevi
Editor-in-Chief
H.N.Jagtap
Welcome to ISRJ
RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595
ISSN No.2230-7850
Indian Streams Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English,
Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed
referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes
government and industry with research interest in the general subjects.
Regional Editor
Manichander Thammishetty
Ph.d Research Scholar, Faculty of Education IASE, Osmania University, Hyderabad.
Mr. Dikonda Govardhan Krushanahari
Professor and Researcher ,
Rayat shikshan sanstha’s, Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu College, Kolhapur.
International Advisory Board
Kamani Perera
Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri
Lanka
Mohammad Hailat
Dept. of Mathematical Sciences,
University of South Carolina Aiken
Hasan Baktir
English Language and Literature
Department, Kayseri
Janaki Sinnasamy
Librarian, University of Malaya
Abdullah Sabbagh
Engineering Studies, Sydney
Ghayoor Abbas Chotana
Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of
Management Sciences[PK]
Romona Mihaila
Spiru Haret University, Romania
Ecaterina Patrascu
Spiru Haret University, Bucharest
Delia Serbescu
Spiru Haret University, Bucharest,
Romania
Loredana Bosca
Spiru Haret University, Romania
Anurag Misra
DBS College, Kanpur
Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian
University, Oradea,Romania
Fabricio Moraes de Almeida
Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil
Anna Maria Constantinovici
AL. I. Cuza University, Romania
Ilie Pintea,
Spiru Haret University, Romania
Xiaohua Yang
PhD, USA
George - Calin SERITAN
Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political
Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi
......More
Editorial Board
Iresh Swami
Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade
ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur
R. R. Patil
Head Geology Department Solapur
University,Solapur
Rama Bhosale
Prin. and Jt. Director Higher Education,
Panvel
Salve R. N.
Department of Sociology, Shivaji
University,Kolhapur
Govind P. Shinde
Bharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance
Education Center, Navi Mumbai
Chakane Sanjay Dnyaneshwar
Arts, Science & Commerce College,
Indapur, Pune
Awadhesh Kumar Shirotriya
Secretary,Play India Play,Meerut(U.P.)
N.S. Dhaygude
Ex. Prin. Dayanand College, Solapur
Narendra Kadu
Jt. Director Higher Education, Pune
K. M. Bhandarkar
Praful Patel College of Education, Gondia
Sonal Singh
Vikram University, Ujjain
Rajendra Shendge
Director, B.C.U.D. Solapur University,
Solapur
R. R. Yalikar
Director Managment Institute, Solapur
Umesh Rajderkar
Head Humanities & Social Science
YCMOU,Nashik
S. R. Pandya
Head Education Dept. Mumbai University,
Mumbai
Alka Darshan Shrivastava
G. P. Patankar
S. D. M. Degree College, Honavar, Karnataka Shaskiya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Dhar
Maj. S. Bakhtiar Choudhary
Director,Hyderabad AP India.
Rahul Shriram Sudke
Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore
S.Parvathi Devi
Ph.D.-University of Allahabad
S.KANNAN
Annamalai University,TN
Sonal Singh,
Vikram University, Ujjain
Satish Kumar Kalhotra
Maulana Azad National Urdu University
Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 Maharashtra, India
Cell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: ayisrj@yahoo.in Website: www.isrj.org
Indian Streams Research Journal
International Recognized Multidisciplinary Research Journal
ISSN: 2230-7850
Impact Factor : 4.1625(UIF)
Volume - 6 | Issue - 2 | March - 2016
A STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR EQUIPMENT
AND OPTIMISATION OF COST IN OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE USED FOR DAMS AND RESERVOIRS
CONSTRUCTION
S. Prakash Chandar1 and Murari Bhargav2
1
Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur,
Chennai.
2
PG student , (M.Tech), Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur,
Chennai.
ABSTRACT :
Equipment selection and planning on major construction projects includes besides its
selection, the decision about working shifts, number and sizes of machines. The matching of units
working in a team, procurement schedule and the arrangement of necessary technical staff to operate,
service and repair of the equipment. Maintenance of equipment lies in the hands of management and
its approach towards maintenance practice. It is often found that progress of work at construction site
suffers because of improper planning and scheduling of equipment for maintenance purpose. Also
lack of coordination between equipment maintenance department and site execution team creates a
negative impact on life and output of equipment. All these problems can be resolved by implementing
a systematic management approach which aims at obtaining maximum work out of equipment in
conjunction with maintaining its fitness with minimal expenditure. Breakdown maintenance should be
Available online at www.lsrj.in
1
A STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR EQUIPMENT AND OPTIMISATION OF COST..........
avoided as far as possible. A combination of preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance will
give better results for equipment. Proper manpower planning and maintenance scheduling
synchronized with optimum utilization should be aimed at for improving interdepartmental conflicts.
Need of creating a database for efficient equipment management has become imperative for proper
control and monitoring of equipment status at any point of time.
KEYWORD: planning, selection, man power and maintenance of equipment;
1.INTRODUCTION:
The advent of heavy construction equipment and the approach of large construction company
of converting the construction sector to a more mechanized and in turn an organized sector has made it
mandatory for maintaining the fleet of equipment to perform to its optimum.
The operation and maintenance of major construction equipment indams and reservoirs is a
difficult task. In dams and reservoirs construction projects require different types of equipment and
machines having their own level of application. Equipment are dozer, wheel loader , hydraulic
excavator, vibratory compactor , roller , tipper , concrete pumps , transit mixers , dumpers ,concrete
placers and cranes etc.., Machines in batching plants, crushers plants, pumps, precast plants and
garages. These are utilised in multi ways for construction of dams and reservoirs. Today’s construction
projects are highly mechanized and becoming more so every day. With the growing industrialization of
construction works, the role of equipment and machines is vital in achieving productivity and
efficiency. Equipment maintenance is a science because it involves scientific and technical knowhow of
different machineries involved, and it’s an art because for identical problem it may require different
treatment or action. We need equipment for technical and speedy construction and at the same time
for economical and timely completion of project.
For achieving effective efficiency productivity we should do:
Predictive maintenance: To predict when equipment failure might occur and to prevent occurrence of
the failure by performing any required maintenance.
Preventive maintenance: Systematic inspection, detection, correction and prevention of incipient
failures, before they become actual or major failures contrasted with corrective maintenance.
The objectives of this study are manifold and they are as follows:
• Planning of equipment for reservoir construction.
• Maintenance budget allocation system.
• Maintenance and operate equipment as per schedule, as well as for maintaining daily status report of
equipment deployed at site.
• To maintain cost of operation.
• To maintain downtime of equipment.
• To improve the productivity of equipment.
• Study about spare parts management and inventory control.
• To create awareness and comfort free zone in construction industry.
2. PLANNING FOR EQUIPMENT
Equipment planning on major construction project includes besides its selection, the decision
about working shifts, number and sizes of machines. The matching of units working in a team,
Available online at www.lsrj.in
2
A STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR EQUIPMENT AND OPTIMISATION OF COST..........
procurement schedule and the arrangement of necessary technical staff to operate, service and repair
of the equipment . Planning of workshop and store facilities is also an important aspect of equipment
planning. The type equipment selected for removal of soil usually depends upon soil and valley
conditions and upon the characteristics of material to be handled. The number and size of machines
selected depend upon the magnitude of work, working days available and number of shifts worked in a
day.
Aspects of Equipment Planning
• Selection of equipment.
• Number and sizes of units.
• Matching capacities.
• Schedule of procurement.
• Arrangement of skilled.
• Staff for operation and maintenance.
• Maintenance of spare parts inventory.
• Establishment of service and repair facilities.
• Decision regarding number of shifts per operation.
2.1 SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT
A contractor is frequently confronted with the problem of the selection of the most suitable
equipment as he plans to execute the project. Equipment purchase involves initialheavy investments.
In long run, equipment adds to the profitability by reducing the overall costs, provided the equipment is
properly planned, technically scrutinized, economically procured and effectively managed. Poor
selection and bad management of equipment are generally attributed to task mismatch, unplanned
requirement forecasts, hasty purchase decisions, inadequate repairs and spares supply, and lack of
maintenance.
Task Considerations
• Nature of task and specifications.
• Daily or hourly forecast of planned production.
• Quantity of work and time allowed for completion.
• Distribution of work at site.
Site Constraints
• Accessibility to location.
• Manoeuvrability at site.
• Working space restrictions.
• Altitude and weather conditions.
• Working season and working hours.
• Availability of local resources of manpower, materials and equipment.
• Availability of equipment hiring. Repair and maintenance facilities, locally.
• Availability of fuel oil lubricants.
Equipment Suitability
• Type of equipment considered suitable for the task.
Available online at www.lsrj.in
3
A STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR EQUIPMENT AND OPTIMISATION OF COST..........
• Make models and sizes of specials purpose, and general-purpose equipment available that can
handle the task.
• Production capability, serviceability condition and delivery time of each equipment available.
• Usefulness of the suitable equipment available for other and future tasks.
Operating Reliability
• Manufacturer’s reputation.
• Equipment components, engine-transmission, brakes, steering operator’s cabin.
• Use of standard components.
• Warranties and guarantees
• Operator’s acceptability, adaptability and training requirements.
• Preventive maintenance programme.
• Safety features.
• Availability of fuel, oil and lubricants.
• Maintainability.
• Ease of repair and maintenance.
• Availability of spare parts.
• Standardization consideration.
Economic Considerations
• Owning costs.
• Operating costs.
• Re-sale or residual value after use.
• Replacement costs of existing equipment.
• Unit cost of production. Preventive maintenance programme.
3. METHODOLOGY
The steps involved in the project are as shown in below Fig. 3.1.
C ollection of L iterature
Prepare the list of dat a required
Identify the major areas of maintenance
Collect ion of operation and maintenance
data of equipment
Conclusion
Fig 3.1Flow Chart of the Methodology
Available online at www.lsrj.in
4
A STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR EQUIPMENT AND OPTIMISATION OF COST..........
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 SPARE PARTS AND INVENTORY CONTROL
This is a job, which needs the exact balance between availability of spares and now inventory
cost. On one hand it should provide proper assurance for availability of desired spare parts in proper
time and quantity. And on other hand should not result in excessive stocking or blocking up of capital.
Proper planning is very essential to get the best result.
4.2 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE PLAN
• Human resource required can be planned so that required personnel are available.
• Errors in the procurement of materials, spare parts and subcontracting work can be prevented.
• Quality can be checked and better material can be procured.
• By devising related work detail plans, schedules can be set so that they are coordinated with
production plans.
• Repair cycle can be identified so that measures can be taken in a timely fashion.
• Standardization patterns for repair work can be identified enabling the work to be done efficiently.
• Simultaneously repair plans can be devised.
4.3 ECONOMICS OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
• Cost of the equipment delivered to owner
• Condition under which it is used
• Number of hours it is used per year
• Number of years it is used
• Maintenance and repair for the equipment
• Demand for the used equipment when it is sold, which will affect the salvage value
5. CONCLUSION
Equipment plays a vital role in any construction project and is a major resource for earning
profits. Maintenance of equipment lies in the hands of management and its approach towards
maintenance practice. It is very important to balance between economical maintenance and utilization
of equipment. It is often found that progress of work at construction site delay because of improper
planning and scheduling of equipment for maintenance purpose also lack of coordination between
equipment maintenance department and site execution team creates a negative impact on life and
output of equipment. All these problems can be resolved by implementing a systematic management
approach which aims at obtaining maximum work out of equipment in conjunction with maintaining
with minimum expenditure.
The advent of new and sophisticated equipment makes its imperative to maintain its working
condition to generate optimum output. Newer technology has also paved way for the implementation
of annual maintenance contract. So that the contractor gains enough technical know-how before he
starts maintaining and operating the plant or equipment on his own.
6. REFERENCES
1.AliA.Shashand Shuaib Ghazi (2002),‘Construction Equipment ManagementPractices of Major
Contractors’,Saudi Arabia.
2.Campbell.D.H.(1974),‘Construction equipment management, Dept. of civil Engineering’, university of
waterloo.
Available online at www.lsrj.in
5
A STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR EQUIPMENT AND OPTIMISATION OF COST..........
3.Chitkara .K.K (1997), ‘Construction Project Management – Planning,Scheduling, Controlling, Tata
McGraw-Hill’, New Delhi.
4. DanielSheu.D, Jeff Linb(1978),‘Department of Industrial Engineering & Engineering Management,
National TsingHua University’, Taiwan.
5.Deodhar.s.v (2001),‘Construction Equipment and Job Planning – khanna publishers’, New Delhi.
6. Douglas, J.(1975),‘Construction Equipment Policy, McGraw-Hill Book Co’,New York.
7. Havers John A, stubbsJr.FrankW(1971),’ Handbook of heavy construction,Mc-Grawhill book
company’, New York.
8.Hester,E.D (1999),’World Heavy Construction Equipment’, The Fredonia Group, Cleveland.
9.Jaafari, A., (1997),’Concurrent construction and life cycle project management’, Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management.
10.Peurifoy.R.C,Ledpettre.W.V(1986),’Construction Planning, Equipment And Methods, McGrawhill’,
New York.
11. Rameshbabu (2003),’Construction equipment industry in India – growth and status’, NICMAR,
journal of construction management, volume 18.
12. Russell J.E (1985), ‘Construction equipment, Boston publication’, NewYork.
13.Sharma.S.C(1995),’Construction Equipment and its Management’, Khanna
publication – New
Delhi
14. Yeo, K.T., Ning, J.H.,(2002),‘Integrating the supply chain and critical chain concepts in
engineer–procure–construct (EPC) projects’, International Journal of Project Management..
Murari Bhargav
PG student , (M.Tech), Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur,
Chennai.
Available online at www.lsrj.in
6
Publish Research Article
International Level Multidisciplinary Research Journal
For All Subjects
Dear Sir/Mam,
We invite unpublished Research Paper,Summary of Research
Project,Theses,Books and Book Review for publication,you will be pleased to
know that our journals are
Associated and Indexed,India
¬
International Scientific Journal Consortium
¬
OPEN J-GATE
Associated and Indexed,USA
?
Google Scholar
?
EBSCO
?
DOAJ
?
Index Copernicus
?
Publication Index
?
Academic Journal Database
?
Contemporary Research Index
?
Academic Paper Databse
?
Digital Journals Database
?
Current Index to Scholarly Journals
?
Elite Scientific Journal Archive
?
Directory Of Academic Resources
?
Scholar Journal Index
?
Recent Science Index
?
Scientific Resources Database
?
Directory Of Research Journal Indexing
Indian Streams Research Journal
258/34 Raviwar Peth Solapur-413005,Maharashtra
Contact-9595359435
E-Mail-ayisrj@yahoo.in/ayisrj2011@gmail.com
Website : www.isrj.org