NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Astrophysics, Atomic, Biophysics, Computational, Materials, Molecular, Nanoscale, Nuclear, Optics, Particle, Physics Education
Overview
The Department of Physics at North Carolina State University is committed to world-class research, mentoring, and
teaching. We strive to provide an exciting and fertile intellectual climate. This includes pioneering research in pure
and applied physics, weekly research seminars and colloquia, a large and diverse graduate physics curriculum, and
individually-tailored graduate plans for entering graduate students. We welcome and receive graduate applications
from all over the world. North Carolina State University is located in Raleigh, the capital city of North Carolina and
one corner of the high-technology region known as the Research Triangle.
Department at a Glance
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49 tenure-track/tenured/research faculty
Over 110 graduate students
Graduate student to faculty ratio: 2.5:1
11 NSF, DOE, and NIH Career and Young
Investigator Awards
24 American Physical Society Fellows
1 Member of the National Academy of Sciences
6 Fellows of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science
2 Fellows of the Optical Society of America
3 Fellows of the American Vacuum Society
Highest female faculty proportion of any major
program
Total dollar amount for federally-funded research
(2009-2010): $6,761,328 ($9,055,803 total)
Very high success rate on comprehensive written
exam; median time to Ph.D. degree is 6 years
Supercomputer Simulation of Supernova
Force Chains in Granular Material
Financial Support
Nearly all graduate students in our department are supported by a teaching assistantship (TA), research assistantship
(RA), or fellowships. Health insurance is provided to all students in good academic standing. Tuition is also covered
for at least 5 years for those with a TA, RA, or fellowship.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
Graduate Fellowships and Supplements for Excellence
The North Carolina State University Physics Department is committed to providing fellowships and supplements for
excellence to its incoming graduate students. Some recent examples include NSF Graduate Research Fellowships,
the N.C. State Andrews Fellowship , and GAANN Fellowships. Outstanding U.S. applicants are eligible for these
fellowships and a number of supplements for excellence. There are typically 10 nine-month awards, ranging in
amounts from $8,000 to $22,000. The support is initially for one academic year, with possible renewal. Fellowships
and supplements can reduce or eliminate teaching loads, allowing recipients to focus on accelerated coursework or to
get an early start on research. Application target date for Fall 2014 applicants is January 9, 2014.
Research Areas
Our large and diverse research program covers most areas of forefront physics research
Experimental:
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Atomic Physics and Quantum Optics
Biophysics
Electronic Materials
Nanoscience and Materials
Nuclear Physics (Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory)
Optics
Physics Education
Soft Matter Physics
Synchrotron Radiation
Thin Films
Theoretical/Computational:
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Astrophysics
Atomic Physics
Condensed Matter Physics
General Relativity
Nuclear and Particle Physics
Nanoscience/Materials and Biomolecular Simulations
(Center for High Performance Simulation)
Graduate Student Life at NC State
Our graduate program has over 110 graduate students. Roughly one-half are from the U.S. and one-half are from
other countries. In recent years the list of countries has included China, Germany, Great Britain, India, Iran, Jamaica,
Japan, Korea, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, and the Virgin Islands. Our department is among the national
leaders for the number of female and under-represented minority Ph.D. graduates in physics. While academically
demanding, life as a physics graduate student at North Carolina State University offers a wide variety of social and
recreational activities within the city of Raleigh and the surrounding Research Triangle area. Raleigh is located
within two to four hours driving distance from the North Carolina beaches and Outer Banks on the east and the Blue
Ridge, Smoky Mountains, and Appalachian Trail on the west.
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to learn more through our webpage, www.physics.ncsu.edu. Prospective
students can contact any faculty member directly or the Graduate Program office at
py-grad-program@ncsu.edu. The NC State Physics Department has a listing in the American Institute of Physics
publication Graduate Programs in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Fields.
Application deadline for priority consideration for Fall 2014: January 9, 2014
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Graduate Student Life – Work and Play
Panorama View of NC State Belltower and Campus
Life in the Physics Department
What is it like to be a physics graduate student at NC State? You can read about life in the physics department from
our physics graduate student blog, gradblog.physics.ncsu.edu. Here are some comments posted by students.
“...With that said, it is still possible to have some personal time. The social environment here at NCSU is very
unique. Instead of the strict competition you might find at some schools, there is a much more welcoming and
friendly environment to be found here. I came to Raleigh knowing literally no one, and already by my second
semester, I have found a close group of friends. … I think it’s time to go hang out with them! Catch ya later!”
“… I came to NC State University in 2008, right after I graduated from SJTU in Shanghai with a BS in Physics and
Optics. After searching for a year in Physics Department, I finally settled down in Dr. Lucovsky's research group and
stayed since then. My research topic is XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy) of amorphous
semiconductor, which involve both theoretical calculation and experiments. The theoretical side relies on group
theory and ab initio methods while samples made in our group are tested at synchrotron facilities such as SSRL and
NSLSL. In my leisure time, I participate in various activities from parties to skiing trips, mostly with my fellow
physics students. While alone, I play video/PC games and read books, or visit museums sometimes. Life in Raleigh is
good so far.”
Entering Class of Fall 2011
.NC STATE Physics.
Court of Carolina on NC State Campus
www.physics.ncsu.edu
Downtown Raleigh at Night
Progress Energy Performing Arts Center
Metropolitan Raleigh and the Research Triangle
NC State University is located in Raleigh, the capital city of North Carolina, with a population of over one million in
the Raleigh metropolitan region. NC State is one of the three Triangle universities which anchor the Research
Triangle. The other Triangle universities are the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University in
Durham. The Research Triangle is a national center for physics research, drawing upon synergies among the three
Triangle universities and several hundred R&D companies and research institutes in Research Triangle Park and
surrounding areas. Students may cross-register for advanced courses at any Triangle university and take advantage
of numerous joint seminars and research institutes. The Research Triangle and Raleigh metropolitan area has
garnered the following national accolades:
■ #1 Best City – Bloomberg Businessweek 2011
■ #1 Best Places for Business and Careers – Forbes 2011
■ #1 Quality of Life – Portfolio.com 2010
■ #1 Fastest Growing Metropolitan Region – US Census 2009
■ #2 Brain Magnet in the Nation – Forbes 2011
■ #4 Smartest Cities – US Census 2010
The following quote is from Bloomberg Businessweek 2011:
“… To most residents of Raleigh, it may not come as a surprise that their city earned the title of America's Best City.
Raleigh shows the cultural graces that go along with anchoring the so-called research triangle, home to North
Carolina State University, ... Among its many attributes the city sports 867 restaurants, 110 bars, and 51 museums,
according to Onboard Informatics, as well as a thriving social scene, good schools, and 12,512 park acres, equal to
several times the green space per capita in cities like New York and Los Angeles, according to the Trust for Public
Land. It also offers a great deal on nights and weekends--from concerts and opera, to the NHL's Carolina
Hurricanes and college sports, to the 30,000-sq.-ft. State Farmers Market.” ____________________________
Raleigh Little Theater and Rose Garden
.NC STATE Physics.
Lake Wheeler
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Astrophysics
BlondinBorkowskiBrownEllisonFröhlichKnellerLazzatiMcLaughlinReynolds
Overview
The astrophysics group at North Carolina State
University investigates a range of topics within the
broad category of high-energy astrophysics. Research
includes observations with space-based observatories,
analytical and numerical modeling, and large-scale
numerical simulations. In addition to work described
below, topics include Big Bang nucleosynthesis,
galactic chemical evolution, stellar winds, interacting
binary stars, accretion disks, and pulsar wind nebulae.
Our research is funded by NASA, NSF, and DOE.
nuclear matter, plasma dynamics, and neutrino
transport. Profs. Kneller and McLaughlin study the
evolving flavor composition of neutrinos as they
propagate through supernovae and how various
mechanisms that drive that evolution manifest
themselves in the signal expected when we next detect
the burst from a galactic supernova. From this signal
one can hope to tease out the unknown properties of
the neutrino such as the ordering of the neutrino
masses, the size of the last mixing angle and the CP
phase.
Research Areas
Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts represent
the most violent explosions in our universe. The
gravitational collapse of the stellar core in both of
these events is expected to break spherical symmetry
and lead to a strong source of gravitational waves.
Prof. Brown works to develop analytical and
numerical tools that can be used to investigate these
strongly gravitating systems and predict the
gravitational radiation emitted by SNe and GRBs.
Prof. Lazzati studies the theory of long-duration
GRBs, believed to be produced by relativistic jets of
plasma ejected in the core of massive stars at the end
of their evolutionary cycle. He studies the
mechanisms for the energy release in the core of the
star, the physics of the jet propagation, the emission of
the prompt radiation, and the afterglow emission.
Prof. Blondin works with the CHIMERA
collaboration to develop full-physics threedimensional numerical simulations of core-collapse
supernovae. His particular interest is in understanding
the origin of the Spherical Accretion Shock
Instability, and its role in driving supernova
explosions. Prof. Fröhlich’s interests include the roles
of nuclear structure, the equation of state of bulk
.NC STATE Physics.
X-ray observations by Reynolds in the constellation
Sagittarius discovered the remains of the most recent
supernova in our galaxy
Supernova Remnants (SNRs) are a focus of
research at NCSU, from detection of scandium in
G1.9+0.3, the youngest supernova in our galaxy, to
the role of dynamical instabilities in disrupting the
oldest SNRs in our galaxy like the Cygnus Loop.
Profs. Borkowski and Reynolds use various spacebased observatories to study SNRs, in X-rays with the
Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku satellites, and in
infrared with NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. X-ray
emission includes thermal emission, providing
information on remnant ages, energetics, and
www.physics.ncsu.edu
elemental composition; and nonthermal, synchrotron
emission from extremely energetic electrons, giving
information on the shock acceleration process which
is probably responsible for producing galactic cosmic
rays. Prof. Ellison studies the acceleration of these
particles via the Diffusive Shock Acceleration
mechanism including nonlinear effects of particle
acceleration on the shock dynamics. Prof. Blondin
uses hydrodynamic simulations to study the evolution
of SNRs, the role of instabilities in mixing heavyelement ejecta with circumstellar gas, and the
formation of large-scale asymmetries. Prof. Reynolds
models synchrotron emission at radio and X-ray
wavelengths from shell SNRs as well as from pulsarwind nebulae, "bubbles" of relativistic electrons and
magnetic field produced by pulsars. Both the spatial
distribution and the spectrum of this emission contain
information important for understanding how particles
are accelerated to high energies in astrophysical shock
waves, and how pulsars produce their relativistic
winds of material.
Cosmic Rays are the highest energy particles
observed from space. Prof. Ellison studies the
production of energetic particles in shock waves in a
variety of astrophysical sites via the Diffusive Shock
Acceleration mechanism. Shock acceleration is highly
efficient and nonlinear and most work involves
modeling this mechanism with computer simulations.
Cosmic rays affect nuclear abundances through a
process known as spallation, where a relativistic
proton can shatter a heavy nucleus such as oxygen to
produce lighter elements. Prof. Kneller aims to better
understand the sources of cosmic rays, their evolution,
and the environment where spallation occurs.
Dust is a primary source of infrared emission from a
variety of astrophysical objects. Astronomical dust is
one of the least understood components of the
interstellar medium. Profs. Borkowski and Reynolds
use infrared emission to infer the properties of dust in
SNRs and to understand grain destruction in hot,
shocked plasma. Prof. Lazzati’s research focuses on
the mechanisms of dust nucleation, the process of
forming the seeds of dust particles (usually micrograins with only several tens of atoms in them) from
purely gaseous compounds.
Computational Astrophysics is an over-arching
theme in the astrophysics group at NCSU. Prof.
Ellison uses Monte-Carlo techniques to model nonlinear effects in shock waves. Prof. Brown is
developing numerical algorithms for the Einstein
equations and using numerical simulations to model
gravitational wave production in binary black hole
systems. Profs. Fröhlich, Kneller and McLaughlin use
nuclear reaction network codes and neutrino transport
algorithms to study nucleosynthesis and neutrino
flavor mixing in a variety of astrophysics applications.
Profs. Blondin and Lazzati use large-scale 3D
hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic simulations
to study systems ranging from stellar winds to GRBs.
Computing resources used by our group range from a
dedicated local linux cluster to national
supercomputers including DOE’s Jaguar at the
National Center for Computational Sciences, NASA’s
Pleiades and several NSF TeraGrid systems.
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to learn more through the astrophysics group webpage, astro.physics.ncsu.edu.
Prospective students can contact the Graduate Program office at py-grad-program@ncsu.edu or any faculty member
directly. The email addresses are as follows:
john_blondin@ncsu.edu
kborkow@ncsu.edu
david_brown@ncsu.edu
.NC STATE Physics.
don_ellison@ncsu.edu
carla_frohlich@ncsu.edu
jim_kneller@ncsu.edu
davide_lazzati@ncsu.edu
gail_mclaughlin@ncsu.edu
steve_reynolds@ncsu.edu
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Biophysics
Overview
The biological physics group at North Carolina State
University uses experimental, theoretical and
computational approaches to investigate a wide range
of biological problems. We are interested in processes
that span molecular level phenomena through cellular
systems and all the way to living organisms. We are
addressing questions relevant to human health that
include protein folding, structural biology, enzymatic
biochemistry, protein-DNA interactions, cell signaling
pathways and epigenetics.
biological molecules that combines advanced
mathematical techniques with the power of parallel
computers. A real-space multigrid method, developed
at NCSU, enables ab initio studies of very large
systems. A recently developed hybrid real-space
method enables accurate, quantum-mechanical
simulations of large solvated biomolecules and of
biomolecular aspects of human diseases. The first
applications of this method concern the role of copper
in prion and Parkinson diseases. Continued research
focuses on the role of transition metals in human
metabolism and diseases. (bernholc@ncsu.edu)
Hans Hallen
Prof. Hallen's interest in biophysics centers on probebased optical devices as sensors or agents. In the latter
case, the induced phenomenon would be studied in
conjunction with standard microscopic cellular
biology techniques. The group developed a nano-bio
sensor that can apply nano-defined light or electric
field. This has been made biocompatible and is also
able to manipulate a nucleus within a cell or between
cells. (hans_hallen@ncsu.edu)
Our work is funded by the National Institutes of
Health, the National Science Foundation, the
Department of Energy and private organizations like
the American Cancer Society. Our approach is highly
interdisciplinary, often involving close collaborations
with scientists in the medical schools at Duke and
UNC Chapel Hill, and other universities and national
labs. Our group co-hosts the weekly Soft Condensed
Matter and Biophysics seminar series. Our faculty,
staff, and student offices are located in Riddick Hall.
Faculty Members and Research Interests
Jerzy Bernholc
Prof. Bernholc uses sophisticated computational
methodology for electronic structure calculations of
.NC STATE Physics.
Shuang Fang Lim
Prof. Lim’s work focuses on DNA methylation
analysis and chromatin histone modifications of rare
earth doped nanoparticles. Her research includes
synthesis of nanoparticles, bioconjugation, their
photophysics and bio-applications such as biosensors
and biotherapeutic agents. She also works on the
epigenetic mapping of DNA and chromatin.
(sflim@ncsu.edu)
Robert Riehn
Prof. Riehn is interested in the physics of biological
molecules in nano-scale environments. In particular,
DNA can be efficiently manipulated by confining it to
channels with a cross-section that is on the order of
www.physics.ncsu.edu
the DNA persistence length (50 nm). His work
develops novel techniques in nanobiotechnology,
using nanoconfined DNA to solve biological puzzles.
Prof. Riehn’s research combines nanotechnology with
polymer physics to provide innovative technologies
for biological analysis. He is particularly interested in
the individuality of large-scale genetic functions
during development and in cancers, and has developed
techniques for determining the epigenetic state of
individual
genomic-size
DNA
fragments.
(rriehn@ncsu.edu)
Christopher Roland
Prof. Roland’s research centers on exploring
properties of nanoscale materials and biomolecules.
Most recent interests have focused on (i)
methodological
developments
for
multiscale,
biomolecular simulations; (ii) quantum transport
through nanoscale devices; (iii) action and function of
select biomolecules; and (iv) physics of carbon
nanotube and related systems. To explore the
interesting physics of these systems, he uses a range
of computational methods such as quantum chemistry,
density functional theory, classical molecular
dynamics, phase field models, and kinetic Monte
Carlo simulations, all coupled with the principles of
statistical mechanics. (cmroland@ncsu.edu)
Celeste Sagui
Prof. Sagui’s research interests include statistical
mechanics, condensed matter theory and complex
systems, phase separation and nucleation processes,
and computational biology and biomolecular
simulations. Recent work has focused on
methodological developments for the accurate and
efficient treatment of electrostatics, and free-energy
methods for large-scale biomolecular simulations.
Resulting codes have been implemented in the
AMBER package, of which Prof. Sagui is a co-author.
Recent systems under study include nucleic acids and
proteins, solvation, modulated condensed matter
systems for nanotechnological applications, antibiotics
and metalloproteins. To explore properties of these
systems, she uses a range of computational methods
such as quantum chemistry, density functional theory,
classical molecular dynamics, phase field models and
hydrodynamics equations. (celeste_sagui@ncsu.edu)
Hong Wang
Prof. Wang’s research centers on single-molecule
experimental investigations of the structure-function
relationships that govern the maintenance of
telomeres, which are nucleoprotein structures that cap
the ends of linear chromosomes. Her lab uses two
complementary single-molecule imaging techniques
(atomic force microscopy and fluorescence imaging)
along with quantum dot labeled proteins. The goal of
her current research is to investigate the effects of
DNA damage on the conformational and dynamic
properties of telomeric DNA structure and telomere
binding proteins. (hong_wang@ncsu.edu)
Keith Weninger
Prof. Weninger’s research interests are focused on
experimentally revealing the molecular mechanisms at
work in complex biological systems with the use of
single molecule, optical spectroscopy. His lab uses a
variety of optical techniques (including single
molecule FRET, single particle tracking, and
fluorescence quenching) that are capable of resolving
the real-time dynamical motion of individual
biological molecules. Current efforts are addressing
aspects of protein folding, membrane fusion
phenomena, and DNA mismatch repair processes.
(keith_weninger@ncsu.edu)
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to learn more through the biophysics group webpage,
www.physics.ncsu.edu/research/biophysics_and_soft_condensed_matter.html and the webpages of the
individual researchers linked from there. Prospective students can contact any faculty member directly (see email
addresses above) or the Graduate Program office at py-grad-program@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Experimental Nuclear Physics
Overview
The experimental nuclear group is active in studies of
fundamental symmetries of neutrons and nuclei,
particle astrophysics, and a variety of applied topics in
nuclear structure and nuclear technology. One of the
focus areas for the group is experiments which utilize
ultracold neutrons, where the NCSU group plays a
leading role in the neutron static electric dipole
moment (nEDM) experiment; in several innovative,
high precision measurements of neutron beta-decay
(UCNA and the NIST lifetime experiment); and in the
development of next generation ultracold neutron
sources. We are also involved in neutrinoless double
beta-decay and dark matter experiments, nuclear
structure measurements on a wide variety of nuclei
and nuclear systems, and some research directed to
applications of nuclear technology for engineering and
industrial problems.
Our faculty are members of the Triangle Universities
Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), a DOE Center of
Excellence which offers a unique suite of low energy,
polarized particle beams, the High Intensity GammaRay Source, and cryogenic facilities for local
experiments. On the NCSU campus, we also perform
research at the PULSTAR reactor, where we are
building a world-class ultracold neutron source. We
plan to build a small scale version of the neutron
electric dipole moment experiment, using ultra-cold
neutrons from this source. Our research is funded by
the Department of Energy and the National Science
Foundation.
.NC STATE Physics.
Faculty Members and Research Interests
Robert Golub
Prof. Golub’s research interests include symmetry
violations, in particular T violation and the search for
a neutron electric dipole moment. Much of his current
research involves the use of ultracold neutrons as a
tool for applied and fundamental research. Another
common theme is the use of low energy particle spin
dynamics, including NMR techniques and applications
www.physics.ncsu.edu
to exotic neutron scattering instruments. His current
experimental work is focused on ultracold neutrons,
3
He NMR, and the development of imaging
techniques for the nEDM project. He is also working
on the design and construction of an apparatus to
study the interaction of UCN with 3He as a prototype
for the search for the nEDM project.
(rgolub@ncsu.edu)
David Haase
Prof. Haase employs experimental techniques in low
temperature and condensed matter physics in the study
of the properties of neutrons and nuclei. He and his
students have constructed refrigerators and devices to
polarize nuclear targets for neutron scattering
experiments. His current project is the development
of the cryogenic systems for the neutron electric
dipole moment (nEDM) experiment that is being
prepared for construction at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. (david_haase@ncsu.edu)
Paul Huffman
Prof. Huffman is the technical coordinator and deputy
contract project manager for the nEDM project. He is
also the leader of the NIST lifetime experiment, which
magnetically traps ultracold neutrons produced in
superfluid helium and then measures their decay in
situ to extract the neutron lifetime. Prof. Huffman is
also involved in the development of the fundamental
nuclear physics beamline at the Spallation Neutron
Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. His
research spans a wide range of neutron-related topics,
and also includes the measurement of coherent
scattering amplitudes in low-Z nuclei, fundamental
symmetries tests in nuclei, and the use of thermal
neutrons for 3D imaging. (paul_huffman@ncsu.edu)
John Kelley
At the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Prof.
Kelley is involved in research utilizing the High
Intensity Gamma-Ray Source (HIGS). In the tandem
laboratory, neutron beam experiments are carried out
to refine neutron reaction cross sections that are
essential for projects in energy generation, national
security, transmutation of waste, and basic research.
At HIGS, high-resolution studies using Nuclear
Resonance Fluoresence techniques (NRF) are
searching for new levels. The beams from HIGS
provide an excellent tool for discovering levels and
characterizing their properties. In addition to studies
of nuclei in the actinide region, recent NRF studies
have focused on characterizing the pygmy dipole
resonance, which is a collective excitation mode in
some neutron-rich nuclei. He is also active in the
Data Evaluation Group at the Triangle Universities
Nuclear Laboratory. (kelley@tunl.duke.edu)
Albert Young
Prof. Young’s research uses neutrons and nuclei to
probe aspects of the particle physics standard model.
He helps lead the UCNA project at Los Alamos,
which measures angular correlations in neutron decay
using ultracold neutrons. He also helped develop the
solid deuterium ultracold neutron source at Los
Alamos (the only operating source of extracted
ultracold neutrons in the U.S.), and he is involved in
the construction of an ultracold neutron source at the
PULSTAR reactor on NCSU campus. His research
interests include neutrinoless double beta-decay,
symmetry tests in nuclear beta-decay and some
biomedical applications. (albert_young@ncsu.edu)
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to learn more through the experimental nuclear physics group webpage,
http://www.physics.ncsu.edu/experimentalnuclearphysics. Prospective students can contact any faculty member
directly (see email addresses above) or the Graduate Program office at py-grad-program@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Nanoscale and Materials Simulations
Overview
The nanoscale and materials simulations group
investigates a wide range of topics including large
scale simulations of materials, bio-molecular
processes, semiconductors, nanotubes and related
nanoscale structures; quantum Monte Carlo
simulations; multiscale methods; quantum transport;
nanostructured materials; phase separation; ferrofluid
liquid-state theory; interfaces; diffusion pattern
formation; electronic properties of transition-metal
oxides and silicates.
The group benefits from many collaborations with
colleagues in several departments at NC State
University as well as many other universities and
research laboratories. The nanoscale and materials
simulations group is also an integral part of the Center
for High Performance Simulation at NC State which
.NC STATE Physics.
brings together faculty, postdocs, and students in the
College of Engineering and College of Physical and
Mathematical Sciences in electronic, atomic, mesoscale, and macroscopic simulation methods. The
Center for High Performance Simulation is directed
by Prof. Jerzy Bernholc in Physics and Prof. Keith
Gubbins in Chemical Engineering.
Faculty Members and Research Interests
Jerzy Bernholc
Prof. Bernholc is working in several subfields of
theoretical condensed matter, materials physics, and
biophysics. In the area of semiconductors, this
includes the theory of defects, impurities, diffusion,
semiconductor surfaces and steps, and surface optical
properties. In the emerging field of fullerenes, his
contributions include predictions of fundamental
properties of solid C60 soon after its discovery.
Another area of research is new methodology for
electronic structure calculations using advanced
mathematical techniques and massive parallel
computing. His current research focuses on nanoscale
science and technology, nano and molecular
electronics, energy storage mechanisms, the role of
transition metals in human metabolism and diseases,
and algorithms and methodology of high-performance
scalable parallel computing. (bernholc@ncsu.edu)
www.physics.ncsu.edu
Lubos Mitas
Prof.
Mitas'
research
includes
many-body
computational methods for quantum systems, ab initio
calculations of electronic structure, fundamental
properties of many-body wavefunctions, variational
and quantum Monte Carlo methods, and the
theoretical prediction and analysis of new clusters,
molecules, and solids. Some of his recent work
includes structural properties of transition metal
oxides under pressure, electronic and atomic
structures of transition metal nanoparticles, theory of
pfaffian pairing wavefunctions, structure of fermion
nodes and nodal cells, excitations in silane and
methane
molecules,
silicon
nanoparticles,
ferromagnetism in hexaborides, and electron
correlations
in
carbon
rings.
(lubos_mitas@ncsu.edu)
Christopher Roland
Prof. Roland explores the properties of nanoscale
materials and biomolecules. Recent topics include
methods for multiscale biomolecular simulations,
quantum transport in nanoscale devices; the dynamics
and biological function of certain biomolecules, and
the physics of nanotubes. Several recent studies
include pattern formation and strain-induced
Carbon nanotube aligned with atoms of a
graphite sheet exhibits good current flow
instabilities in modulated systems, first-principles
calculations of capacitance in carbon nanotubes,
Schottky barriers in carbon and boron nitride nanotube
devices, and quantum transport through short
semiconducting nanotubes. (cmroland@ncsu.edu)
Celeste Sagui
Prof. Sagui's research interests include statistical
mechanics, condensed matter theory and complex
systems, phase separation and nucleation processes,
computational biology and biomolecular simulations.
Recent work has focused on the accurate and efficient
treatment of electrostatics and free-energy methods
for large-scale biomolecular simulations.
Some
systems under study include structure and transitions
of nucleic aids and proteins, molecular and ion
solvation, modulated condensed matter systems for
nanotechnological applications, antibiotics and
metalloproteins. To explore the properties of these
systems, Prof. Sagui uses a range of computational
methods including quantum chemistry, density
functional theory, classical molecular dynamics, phase
field
models,
and
hydrodynamics.
(celeste_sagui@ncsu.edu)
Three-dimensional slice of the 59-dimensional
node of electronic wavefunction of solid nitrogen
Further Information
Prospective students can contact any faculty member directly (see email addresses above) or the Graduate Program
office at py-grad-program@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Nanoscience, Electronic Materials, and Thin Films
Overview
The nanoscience, electronic materials, and thin films
group at North Carolina State University studies a
wide range of topics covering fields as diverse as
nanotribology and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
With research in a variety of nanoscience programs,
faculty members have interests that overlap with
others in the department and extend to many
departments and colleges in the university. Funding
comes from a variety of sources including the
National Science Foundation, the Department of
Energy, and various agencies of the Department of
Defense as well as industrial sponsors.
Faculty Members and Research Interests
David Aspnes
Prof. Aspnes’ research focuses on optical
spectroscopy of semiconductors and surface physics.
Contributions include the discovery, elucidation, and
development of low-field electroreflectance for highresolution spectroscopy of semiconductors and the
determination of their band structures; the
development and application of spectroscopic
ellipsometry to the analysis of surfaces, interfaces,
thin films, and bulk materials; and the development
and application of reflectance-difference spectroscopy
for the real-time analysis of epitaxial growth.
Research activities are directed toward nondestructive
analysis of surfaces, interfaces, and bulk materials,
high precision determination of energy band critical
points by reciprocal space analysis, properties of Si
surfaces and interfaces, propagation of short optical
.NC STATE Physics.
pulses, and the development of methods of realizing
real-time diagnostics and control of semiconductor
epitaxy by organometallic chemical vapor deposition.
(aspnes@ncsu.edu)
Daniel Dougherty
Prof. Dougherty and his research team study the
physics of solid surfaces. They are particularly
interested in pushing the spectroscopic capabilities of
the scanning tunneling microscope for versatile
nanomaterials characterization. Current research
topics include spin transport in organic films;
structure, morphology, and electronic properties at
organic semiconductor interfaces; and the growth and
electronic characterization of nanoporous metal-ligand
surface networks. As participants in the NC State
Center for Molecular Spintronics, Dougherty’s group
is working to establish the basic surface science of
organic spintronic molecules adsorbed on magnetic
surfaces and is working to characterize the
implications of the coordination bonding for
electronic properties of molecular assemblies using
scanning
tunneling
spectroscopy.
(dbdoughe@ncsu.edu)
Kenan Gundogdu
Prof. Gundogdu’s research is aimed at investigation of
structural and electronic dynamics in condensed
matter systems using ultrafast and nonlinear optical
spectroscopy techniques. Specifically the focus is on
the dynamics that are relevant to solar energy
conversion. Some research questions include what is
the role of coherent and incoherent electron motion in
energy conversion, how does energy transport happen
in interfaces that involve inorganic and organic
materials, and what are the physical properties of
optical excitations in such hybrid materials?
(kenan_gundogdu@ncsu.edu)
www.physics.ncsu.edu
Jacqueline Krim
Prof. Krim heads the Nanoscale Tribology Laboratory
located in Partners III on Centennial Campus. Her
research interests include solid-film growth processes
and topologies at submicron length scales, liquid-film
wetting phenomena, and nanotribology (the study of
friction, wear, and lubrication at nanometer length and
time scales). Research in Prof. Krim’s laboratory
spans a variety of investigations including quartz
crystal microbalance studies of atomic scale friction;
multifunctional extreme environment surfaces;
hydrodynamic lubrication in fiber processing; and
nanotribology for air and space. The Krim group is a
major participant in the National Science
Foundation’s
Center
for
Radio
Frequency
Microelectromechanical Systems Reliability and
Design Fundamentals. (jackie_krim@ncsu.edu)
Gerald Lucovsky
Prof. Lucovsky’s research activities are in the
deposition of thin film electronic materials using
remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
Materials being studied include silicon oxide, silicon
nitride, and silicon oxynitride; amorphous,
microcrystalline, and crystalline silicon and silicon
alloys; and crystalline gallium nitride and gallium
phosphide. A second area of research deals with
studies of the properties of thermally grown silicon
dioxide and comparisons with plasma deposited
oxides. These programs couple basic studies of
materials synthesis and characterization with device
applications. (lucovsky@ncsu.edu)
Michael Paesler
Prof. Paesler investigates semiconductors using
extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS).
Current research focuses on a family of phase change
memory (PCM) materials that exhibit dramatic
material property changes when switched between
their amorphous and crystalline states. While these
materials hold considerable promise in a variety of
applications, the fundamental changes involved with
the amorphous-crystalline transition are not well
understood. The Paesler group studies PCM samples
using EXAFS at national synchrotron facilities such as
the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven
National Laboratory and the Advanced Photon Source
at Argonne National Laboratory. Recent studies
examine local bonding environments in a variety of
compositions of samples in the ternary germaniumantimony-tellurium system. (paesler@ncsu.edu)
J. E. (Jack) Rowe
Prof. Rowe’s group uses measurements that include
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force
microscopy (AFM), low energy electron diffraction
(LEED), and soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy
(SXPS) including results with synchrotron radiation
(SR-SXPS) and with spin detection. A major goal of
this research program is to study the initial surface and
buried-interface processes of electronic materials at
the nanoscale. The synchrotron photoemission-based
methods can measure threshold energy barriers and
core levels due to 2D interface bonding which are
sometimes spatially resolved.
(rowe@ncsu.edu)
Further Information
Prospective students can contact any faculty member directly (see email addresses above) or the Graduate Program
office at py-grad-program@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Optics
Overview
The optics group at North Carolina State University
investigates a broad range of topics from X-rays to
millimeter waves, nanoscale to the upper atmosphere,
and the fundamental interactions of light and matter to
applied optics. Some pioneering advances by the optics
group include testing the first blue laser diode fabricated
in America, building the most frequently copied X-ray
microscope,
inventing
reflectance
difference
spectroscopy, producing the first nano-Raman images,
and developing Raman lidar. Several recent projects
include X-ray microscopy, nonlinear optics, solar cell
studies, materials growth monitoring, ultrafast optics and
wavelength diversity, resonance Raman scattering,
optimizing lidar for temporal and spatial resolution,
near-field techniques, and fluorescence imaging.
Faculty Members and Research Interests
Harald Ade
Prof. Ade’s group uses the scanning transmission X-ray
microscope at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley.
It was built by a team led by the Ade group and has the
distinction of being the most frequently copied X-ray
microscope. Significant research efforts are directed in
the area of resonant soft X-ray scattering, which is the
small angle X-ray scattering equivalent near an
absorption edge such as C, N, or O. It provides vastly
improved capabilities for soft matter characterization. By
tuning the photon energy, the reflection from the top
surface of a polymer bilayer can be “turned off” and the
structure of the buried interface can be studied.
Knowledge about the complex index of refraction and
how it impacts scattering is important for data
interpretation. (harald_ade@ncsu.edu)
David Aspnes
Research in Prof. Aspnes’ group consists of a mix of
theory and experiment. The laboratory is equipped with
several spectroscopic ellipsometers, one operating in the
.NC STATE Physics.
vacuum ultraviolet, one in the standard quartz-optics
range, and one integrated into an organometallic
chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) system. The
OMCVD system also allows the study of epitaxial
growth of materials systems and is unique in this regard.
The theory component is directed towards a better
understanding of the interaction of light with material,
and solving continuing outstanding problems of optics.
Recent theoretical work includes the anisotropic bond
model of nonlinear optics, which provides a simple
physical interpretation of nonlinear-optical phenomena;
optics of nanostructured materials for materials analysis;
and plasmonics, specifically understanding plasmonic
responses
of
thin
conducting-oxide
films.
(david_aspnes@ncsu.edu)
Laura Clarke
Prof. Clarke's research group seeks to apply traditional
optical tools in novel ways for the study of nanoscale
physics and surface science. Fundamentally, light is used
to prepare and control systems, as well as a means to
elegantly elucidate the underlying physics. Some recent
projects include fluorescence anisotropy and dielectric
spectroscopy measurements to deduce the rotational
dynamics of sub-monolayer assemblies of surface-bound
molecules, and fluorescence imaging for optimizing
scaling-up electrospinning approaches. Other recent
work involves utilizing the photothermal effect of metal
nanoparticles doped into materials to act as nanoscale
heaters and simultaneously performing a sensitive,
spectrally-resolved fluorescence technique for real-time,
in-situ
nano-thermometry
measurements.
(laura_clarke@ncsu.edu)
Kenan Gundogdu
Prof. Gundogdu’s research investigates electronic and
structural dynamics in condensed matter systems using
nonlinear optical spectroscopy. His group has developed
coherent and incoherent ultrafast optical experiments to
study electron/exciton dynamics in the interfaces of
www.physics.ncsu.edu
organic/inorganic hybrid structures. Some important
questions include the role of coherent/incoherent exciton
transport in photovoltaic structures, how dynamic and
static disorder affect coherent energy transport, how
energy transport occurs in interfaces involving inorganic
and organic materials, and the nature of excitons in such
hybrid materials.
In addition, nonlinear optical
techniques are used to investigate bond-specific
structural dynamics of interface formation during
semiconductor growth. (kenan_gundogdu@ncsu.edu)
project to investigate processes governing the
development of air pollution episodes. He has also
served as the principal technical advisor for lidar
projects that have been developed by the government for
the detection of hazardous chemicals. Current research
goals are centered on improving the sensitivity of remote
sensing using lidar with wideband sources, multi-static
detection, resonance Raman scattering processes, and
measurements of aerosol properties from scatter of
polarized laser beams. (philbrick@ncsu.edu)
Hans Hallen
Prof. Hallen leads a research group with an emphasis on
optics, particularly spectroscopy, the interaction of
electromagnetic fields near nano-scale conductors, and
scattering by small particles. He also has projects in
modeling
and
measurements
of
wireless
communications channels. He led the group that
produced the first nano-Raman images, and identified
new physics in nanoscale optical spectroscopy. Work
also has investigated on-resonance deep ultraviolet
resonance Raman spectroscopy. This will find
applicability in nano-Raman and trace substance analysis
in lidar, another interest of the group. Topics in lidar
research include multi-wavelength spectroscopy,
scattering by small aerosols as measured by multistatic
lidar,
and
resonance
techniques.
(hans_hallen@ncsu.edu)
Robert Riehn
Prof. Riehn is interested in the use of optical
technologies in biological analysis. A first direction,
undertaken together with Prof. Hallen, aims at using
resonant near-field optical structure for Raman
spectroscopy of complexes of DNA and proteins. These
complexes are relevant to cancer biology and embryonic
development. A second direction is the integration of
optical methods with lab-on-a-chip analyses. The main
emphasis is the use of optical methods to prepare and
separate chromosomes from whole biological specimens
for biological analysis. Furthermore investigations are
being done to integrate near-field optics with nanofluidic
devices. (rriehn@ncsu.edu)
Russell Philbrick
Prof. Philbrick’s research focuses on developing laser
remote sensing techniques and investigations using lidar
for studies of the properties and processes of the lower
atmosphere. The primary research has centered on
developing Raman lidar for investigations of
meteorology, air pollution physics, atmospheric effects
on radar refraction, and trace species measurements. Dr.
Philbrick led the EPA sponsored NARSTO-NEOPS
Keith Weninger
Prof. Weninger develops new optics methodologies for
application to molecular biophysics.
He builds
instruments with the capability to perform optical
spectroscopy and polarization sensitive measurements
on samples as small as single molecules. Near-field
dipole coupling between two fluorescent moieties (a
phenomena known as resonance energy transfer) enables
sensitive spectroscopic measurements to report
nanoscale distances within biological molecules. This
approach allows dynamic motions of these molecules to
be recorded in real time. (keith_weninger@ncsu.edu)
282.4 eV, calculations
calculations
Si
Si
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to learn more through the optics group webpage, www.physics.ncsu.edu/optics.
Prospective students can contact any faculty member directly or the Graduate Program office at py-gradprogram@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Organic Electronic Materials
Overview
Organic molecules are used in a variety of thin-film
devices such as new high-definition television sets.
Future organic electronics may have new functionality
such as in solar cells for electrical power and spindependent properties with higher performance. An
important advantage of organic-molecule devices is
the ability to manufacture devices with methods easily
compatible with existing manufacturing and therefore
the possibility of new features at lower cost than
previous generations of devices. However, there is a
need for better understanding of the fundamental
physics of the device mechanisms of organicmolecule systems. This research is being carried out
by members of the organic electronic materials group
at NC State.
Harald Ade
Photovoltaics are well known and promising
technologies to solve future energy needs and to,
maybe more importantly, reduce emissions of CO2, a
major greenhouse gas. In several tens of minutes,
energy from the sun is enough to cover the yearly total
requirement for the world. The potential of
photovoltaics is even larger than that of biofuels, as
arid areas can be successfully utilized for energy
creation. The Ade research group is using advanced
synchrotron radiation based characterization tools,
such as X-ray microscopy and resonant scattering, to
better understand the function of organic solar cells.
Faculty Members and Research Interests
Kenan Gundogdu
Prof. Gundogdu’s research focuses on the study of
electron dynamics in organics and their interfaces with
inorganic materials. Ultrafast optical techniques are
used to characterize electronic coupling, charge
transfer, exciton diffusion, and many body
interactions with femtosecond time resolution. These
studies quantify how interface morphology and
electronic energy level alignments impact dynamics,
which are very important for organic optoelectronic
device structures. (kenan_gundogdu@ncsu.edu)
Interactions between nuclear spins in complex
molecules (A,B) and between oppositely spin polarized
electron hole pairs in a semiconductor (C).
.NC STATE Physics.
Additionally, the advanced synchrotron radiation tools
are used to characterize organic light emitting diodes
and organic thin film transistors. The Ade group is a
world leader in the development and use of these
methods. (harald_ade@ncsu.edu)
Dan Dougherty
Prof. Dougherty’s research group focuses on
measurements of the local electronic properties of
nanostructured surfaces using ultrahigh vacuum
scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. A
significant fraction of this work addresses how
molecular self-assembly at interfaces and molecular
www.physics.ncsu.edu
structure in films determines the energies of electronic
transport states. In addition, the group has developed
the capability to carry out spin polarized STM/STS for
the purpose of understanding the interaction between
magnetic surfaces and adsorbed molecules. These
fundamental experiments provide the scientific
foundation for optimizing applications of organic
molecular materials in electronic and spintronic
devices. (dan_dougherty@ncsu.edu)
J. E. (Jack) Rowe
Prof. Rowe’s group uses measurements that include
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force
microscopy (AFM), low energy electron diffraction
(LEED); soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy
(SXPS) including results with synchrotron radiation
(SR-SXPS) and with spin detection. A major goal of
this research program is to study the initial surface and
buried-interface processes of electronic materials at
the nanoscale. Photoemission-based methods can
measure threshold energy barriers (sometimes these
are spatially resolved). One example of these studies
is the organic-molecule system of a nickel
phthalocyanine (NiPc) film on a Au(001) surface.
SR-SXPS results from these studies are shown in the
figure below. The HOMO (2a1u) shifts between 1.4
and 3 Å indicates that the barrier is not fully formed
until ~3 Å. Future experiments will also measure XPS
levels such as C-1s, Ni-2p, and Au-4f.
(rowe@ncsu.edu)
Constant current tunneling spectrum (tip displacement
versus gap voltage) showing the π* derived resonance
of a single Alq3 molecule on Cu(110). Inset is a quantum
mechanical calculation of the π* orbital shape.
ARUPS valence orbitals of NiPc on a Au(001) surface at
~300 K. Bottom vertical lines show gas-phase data IP’s.
Self assembled monolayer of benzoate on Cu(110)
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to learn more by visiting the faculty web pages . Prospective students can contact
any faculty member directly (see email addresses above) or the Graduate Program office at py-gradprogram@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Physics Education Research & Development
Overview
The PER&D group at North Carolina State University
investigates a broad range of topics relating to the
teaching and learning of physics. These include the
study of cognition during problem solving, difficulties
with the right hand rule, how students use computer
simulations to build conceptual understanding,
modernizing the content and pedagogical approaches
of introductory courses, assessing student conceptual
understanding, the use of technology inside and
outside the classroom, and the dissemination of a
radically reformed learning environment. We are the
home of the leading journal in the field, Physical
Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research
and we house the best qualitative education research
lab of any science department in the world.
Faculty Members and Research Interests
Our group has been funded by the National Science
Foundation, the Department of Education, the Spencer
Foundation, Hewlett-Packard, and Pasco. We have
ties with the University’s STEM Education Initiative
and share lab facilities with them. Our faculty, staff,
and student offices are located in Riddick Hall.
.NC STATE Physics.
Robert Beichner
Prof. Beichner’s research focuses on increasing our
understanding of student learning and the
improvement of physics education. Working from a
base of National Science Foundation and computer
industry support, he invented the popular “videobased lab” approach for introductory physics
laboratories. A spinoff from the award-winning
VideoGraph project was a study of how people’s
visual perception of motion can best be utilized in
instructional animations. In a separate project, Dr.
Beichner and his students have written a series of tests
aimed at diagnosing students’ misconceptions about a
variety of introductory physics topics. These tests are
used by teachers and researchers around the world.
His biggest current project is the creation and study of
a classroom environment supporting interactive,
collaborative learning called SCALE-UP: Studentwww.physics.ncsu.edu
Centered Active Learning Environment for
Undergraduate Programs. The approach has been
adopted at more than 100 schools, including MIT,
Minnesota, and Clemson. The SCALE-UP project is
part of Dr. Beichner’s efforts to reform physics
instruction at a national level. Probably his most
visible work along those lines has been the textbook
that he co-authored with Raymond Serway. The 5th
edition of Physics for Scientists and Engineers was
the top-selling introductory calculus-based physics
book in the nation, and was used by more than a third
of all science, math, and engineering majors. Several
years ago he created the PER-CENTRAL website,
establishing an electronic “home base” for the Physics
Education Research community. He is also the
founding editor of the American Physical Society
journal Physical Review Special Topics - Physics
Education Research. For his education reform efforts
he was named the 2009 North Carolina Professor of
the Year and the 2010 National Undergraduate
Science Teacher of the Year. Since 2007 he has been
the Director of NC State’s STEM Education Initiative,
with a mission to study and improve STEM (Science,
Technology, Engineering and Math) education from
“K to Gray” in North Carolina and around the world.
(beichner@ncsu.edu)
Michael Paesler
After a career spanning several physics subdisciplines, Prof. Paesler has turned his attention to
Physics Education Research. In a program supported
by the university’s Large Course Redesign effort, he is
studying the role of teaching laboratories in general
undergraduate physics instruction. This effort, which
is designed to enhance education in the department’s
many gateway course offerings, allows his group to
develop a so-called kit lab program for calculus based
elementary physics courses. Kit labs allow students to
be more independently involved in their course
laboratories by creating small student teams that
conduct their teaching laboratory extramurally rather
than in a confined laboratory setting. Through the
creation of transportable kit labs that are checked out
by students during their regular laboratory time slots,
the effort tracks the impact of the laboratory on these
students as well as a control groups performing
similar – if not identical – experiments in more
traditional laboratory sections. Through the careful
construction and implementation of an assessment
instrument, the program is designed to determine the
role of delivery system on the educational value of the
laboratory experience. (paesler@ncsu.edu)
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to learn more through the physics education research and development group
webpage, www.ncsu.edu/per. Prospective students can contact any faculty member directly (see email addresses
above) or the Graduate Program office at py-grad-program@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Quantum Optics and Atom Cooling
JETLAB – John E. Thomas
(john_thomas@ncsu.edu)
Overview
In the field of quantum optics, researchers explore the
fundamental interactions of light with matter. At
JETLAB, we investigate both the classical and
quantum properties of light, developing novel
methods
for
all-optical
control,
precision
measurement, and imaging of ultra-cold atomic
gases
and
nano-mechanical
systems.
Accomplishments of our program include the
development of quantum resonance imaging methods
for moving atoms, which can achieve Heisenberg
uncertainty principle limited spatial resolution. By
utilizing quantum concepts in classical light
measurements, we devised novel tissue imaging
methods providing maximum information by
measuring Wigner phase-space (position-momentum)
distributions for scattered classical light fields. We
have also made precision measurements of phasedependent quantum noise and squeezing in the
radiation field of driven two-level atoms. Our recent
experiments explore ultra-cold, strongly interacting
atomic Fermi gases.
strongly interacting atomic Fermi gas [O’Hara et al.,
Science, 298, 2179 (2002)].
As described in more detail below, strongly
interacting Fermi gases are now used as models for
exotic, strongly interacting, quantum systems in
nature, enabling precision tests of state-of-the-art
predictions in fields from high temperature
superconductors to neutron matter, quark-gluon
plasmas, and even string theory.
Our experiments employ a mixture of spin-½-up and
spin-½-down 6Li atoms confined in the focus of a CO2
laser optical trap.
Atom Cooling:
Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
Since 1997, the JETLAB group has focused on alloptical trapping and cooling of neutral atoms. Our
research has led to the ultra-stable all-optical trap and
all-optical evaporative cooling of an atomic Fermi gas
to degeneracy. Using these new methods, our group
was the first to create and observe a degenerate,
.NC STATE Physics.
Pictured above is approximately ¼ of a billion atoms at
several hundred micro-Kelvin contained in our magnetooptical trap (MOT). The MOT takes advantage of resonant
interactions between light and matter, and is a precursor
to the all-optical production of a degenerate Fermi gas.
Since the MOT employs resonant light, the atoms can be
observed by the naked eye as they are constantly
absorbing and emitting light.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
Hydrodynamic expansion:
Elliptic Flow and Perfect Fluidity
Released from a cigar-shaped optical trap, the gas
expands rapidly in one direction, while remaining
nearly stationary in the other direction. This so-called
elliptic flow was first observed by our group in 2002
and is a feature shared with a quark-gluon plasma
(QGP), a state of matter that existed microseconds
after the Big Bang, and recreated in heavy ion
experiments.
Nonlinear
Quantum
Shock Waves
Hydrodynamics:
The repulsive potential of a focused green laser beam
slices a trapped Fermi gas into two pieces.
Extinguishing the green beam, the two pieces collide
in the optical trap, producing shock waves, manifested
in the sharp edges appearing in the density. These
experiments provide a new paradigm for exploring
nonlinear quantum hydrodynamics, with magnetically
tunable strong interactions in both the normal and
superfluid regimes.
A recent conjecture from the string theory community
defines a perfect normal fluid (not a superfluid) as one
with a minimum ratio of shear viscosity to entropy
density. For the Fermi gas, we directly measure the
entropy and the shear viscosity, as functions of the
energy and temperature. Although a QGP is 19 orders
of magnitude hotter and 25 orders of magnitude more
dense than an ultra-cold atomic Fermi gas, both
systems are nearly perfect fluids.
Experiments at JETLAB
Current and planned experiments include quantumconfined Fermi gases in two-dimensional standingwave traps, universal transport and bulk viscosity in
the strongly interacting regime, generation and control
of atomic spin current, optical control of interactions
and dispersion, and non-equilibrium dynamics. We
are also very interested in the application of optical
cooling techniques and quantum measurement
methods to control and study nano-mechanical
systems, such as membranes, cantilevers and rotors.
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to visit the JETLAB webpage, www.phy.duke.edu/research/photon/qoptics.
This contains a link to the new location of JETLAB at NC State University. Prospective students can contact Prof.
John Thomas directly (john_thomas@ncsu.edu) or the Graduate Program office at py-grad-program@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Soft Matter Physics
Overview
Soft matter physics addresses the mechanics and
dynamics of the many biologically- and industriallyrelevant materials which are neither ordinary liquids
nor crystalline solids. Such material include polymers,
colloids, membranes, gels, fiber networks, granular
materials, and lipid layers. Many such systems are
inherently non-equilibrium and commonly exhibit
glassy dynamics. Our research typically relies heavily
on statistical mechanics to capture the heterogeneous
and fluctuating behavior of these materials. In many
cases, the work is interdisciplinary, and involves
collaboration with biophysicists, chemists, materials
scientists, mathematicians, and engineers. Below, we
describe the experiments and numerical simulations
currently underway in the department. In addition,
related projects are described on the Biophysics
research page. Jointly, these researchers host the
Complex Matter and Biophysics seminar series which
allows both students and visiting scientists to share
their recent research results.
Faculty Members and Research Interests
Harald Ade
The Ade research group is developing and using
advanced synchrotron radiation based tools to
determine the composition, morphology and structure
of soft mater at the nanoscale. Characterization is
achieved by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine
Structure (NEXAFS) microscopy and Resonant Soft
X-ray Reflectivity and Scattering. The latter methods
hold great promise as characterization tools for
organic materials in general and soft condensed mater
in particular. Most present applications are focused on
the quantitative mapping of the chemical composition
and the orientation of specific chemical groups in
multi-component polymeric devices, their interface
structure and their structure-property relationships.
Other interests include fundamental polymer science
of polymer/polymer interfaces, the dynamics of
.NC STATE Physics.
chemical reactions across interfaces, determining
strain in chemisorbed polymers on surfaces, and the
development of novel fabrication methods of organic
devices. Extension of the soft x-ray methods to
characterize biomolecular systems, in particular model
membranes and their dynamics, are also explored.
(harald_ade@ncsu.edu)
Laura Clarke
Prof. Clarke's research group studies several softmatter systems, among them percolation in confined
geometries, glass-like systems of polymers on
surfaces and the fluid dynamics of electrospinning.
Electrospinning is a technique that produces polymer
fibers which can be nanoscale in diameter (~200 nm)
and macroscale in length (~10 cm). The Clarke group
studies how to scale up this fabrication technique by
understanding the interacting fluid and electrostatic
forces and how composite (polymer plus conducting
particles) materials function (electrical and
mechanical properties) in such confined geometries.
(laura_clarke@ncsu.edu)
Karen Daniels
The Daniels research group performs experiments on
the nonlinear and nonequilibrium dynamics of
granular materials, fluids, and gels. For granular
materials, a central theme is how to describe bulk
dynamics based on particle-scale measurements, by
analogy with the statistical mechanics of ordinary
materials. Prof. Daniels’ lab has developed a number
of novel approaches, including particle-scale acoustics
measurements combining high-speed photoelastic
imaging with piezoelectric transducers embedded in
granular particles and the fluorescent tracking of
spreading lipid layers. Several of these projects are
performed
in
close
collaborations
with
mathematicians, devising continuum models, and with
geophysicists, seeking to better-understand how
earthquakes and faults arise from granular shear
zones. (karen_daniels@ncsu.edu)
www.physics.ncsu.edu
Daniel Dougherty
Prof. Dougherty’s research group uses high resolution
scanned probe microscopy (STM and AFM) to image
the surface structure and nanometer scale morphology
of organic molecular films and self assembled
monolayers. Growth of these structures is carried out
in the group using both vacuum deposition and
solution chemistry. It typically involves complex,
nonequilibrium processes in which multiple
intermolecular interactions (often comparable in
strength) compete to determine the final structure.
Experiments at NC State that directly observe and
quantitatively describe these complex processes push
the boundaries of statistical physics and are crucial for
optimizing applications of molecular films to
electronics technology. (dan_dougherty@ncsu.edu)
Hans Hallen
Prof. Hallen and his group have developed a technique
to deposit nano-defined laterally in-surface-plane
oriented organic materials. It is based on a split-tip
optical probe that the group developed. Electrical
characterization and optimization of these materials
and new device opportunities they may enable are of
current interest. (hans_hallen@ncsu.edu)
Shuang Fang Lim
Prof. Lim’s work focuses on DNA methylation
analysis and chromatin histone modifications of rare
earth doped nanoparticles. These particles emit in the
visible when excited in the near infrared. Her research
includes synthesis of nanoparticles, bioconjugation,
their photophysics and bio-applications such as
biosensors
and
biotherapeutic
agents.
(sflim@ncsu.edu)
Robert Riehn
Prof. Riehn is interested in the physics of biological
polymers in nano-scale environments. In particular,
DNA can be efficiently manipulated by confining it to
channels with a cross-section that is on the order of
the DNA persistence length (50 nm). By studying the
dynamics of single DNA molecules inside systems of
these channels, he is able to test fundamental
assumptions of standard theory of polymeric solids.
This model views the motion of single chains as a
“reptation” of this molecule through a forest of tubes
formed by the other strands that make up the solid.
Based on experimental insights into the dynamics of
DNA in tailored nanofluidic systems, he plans to
design functional polymer nanodevices. Dr. Riehn is
further interested in the interaction of ions and
polyelectrolytes in electric fields. He is also working
on the transition from thermal to athermal regimes in
microfluidics. (rriehn@ncsu.edu)
Christopher Roland and Celeste Sagui
The Roland and Sagui research group studies several
polymer and biophysical systems using computer
models. For example, self-assembled domain patterns
formed by result of competing short-range attractive
and long-range repulsive interactions often result in
metastable or glassy states. These patterns could one
day see application as templates for the fabrication of
nanostructures. Of particular biophysical interest is the
ability to accurately evaluate the free energy within a
biomolecular simulation. Recent work has shown the
efficacy of adaptively biased molecular dynamics
methods in quantifying the transition pathways
connecting different minima in simulations of
polyproline peptides.
(cmroland@ncsu.edu, sagui@ncsu.edu)
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to learn more through the individual web pages of each faculty member, for
which links are provided at www.physics.ncsu.edu Prospective students can contact any faculty member directly
(see email addresses above) or the Graduate Program office at py-grad-program@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Theoretical Nuclear and Particle Physics
Overview
The theoretical nuclear and particle physics group at
North Carolina State University investigates a broad
range of topics relating to the fundamental interactions
of matter. These include the study of quantum
chromodynamics, the quark structure of mesons and
baryons, hadronic interactions, hadronic matter under
extreme conditions, nuclear structure, photonuclear
reactions, heavy ion collisions, cold atomic systems,
superfluidity, viscous hydrodynamics, electroweak
symmetry breaking, neutrino mixing, neutrino
interactions with nucleons and nuclei, stellar
evolution, supernovae, nucleosynthesis, the early
universe, tests of the standard model, light-front
quantization, effective field theory, and nonperturbative lattice methods.
Our group is funded by the Department of Energy.
We have ties with the nearby Thomas Jefferson
National Accelerator, with funding opportunities from
the Southeastern Universities Research Association
available for qualified graduate students. Together
with Duke and UNC Chapel Hill, our group co-hosts
the weekly Triangle Universities Nuclear Theory
(TNT) seminar series. We also co-host the NC State
physics theory seminar. Our faculty, staff, and student
offices are located in Riddick Hall.
.NC STATE Physics.
Faculty Members and Research Interests
Stephen Cotanch
Prof. Cotanch’s research centers on theoretical studies
of hadronic and nuclear structure. His goal is to yield
deeper insight by confronting field theoretic
calculations that incorporate important symmetries
with precision data from accelerators such as Jefferson
Lab. His program includes developing improved
renormalizable QCD models incorporating chiral
symmetry, the phenomenology of hybrid mesons and
glueballs, electromagnetic studies of strangeness in
protons and nuclei, and many-body techniques for
hadronic physics. (cotanch@ncsu.edu)
Carla Fröhlich
Prof. Fröhlich's research covers a range of topics
including astrophysical nuclear reactions, the stellar
evolution of massive stars, the composition of core
collapse supernova ejecta, radioactive abundances of
stellar debris in protosolar nebula, and nucleosynthesis
processes such as rapid neutron capture (r-process)
and antineutrino-proton absorption (neutrino-pprocess). She is also interested in computational
simulations of supernova explosions and the roles of
nuclear structure, plasma dynamics, and neutrino
cross sections and transport. Other research interests
include galactic chemical evolution and abundances in
metal-poor stars. (carla_frohlich@ncsu.edu)
www.physics.ncsu.edu
Chueng-Ryong Ji
Prof. Ji focuses on theoretical predictions for the
structure and spectra of ordinary, strange, charm, and
bottom mesons and baryons. This includes exotic
molecular aspects as well as glueball components. To
construct a realistic quark/gluon model of hadrons
consistent with experimental data, relativity is
explicitly realized by taking into account the
symmetries of the lightcone, unitarity, duality, and the
discrete symmetries C, P, and T. One primary interest
is to investigate the nonperturbative vacuum of QCD
using many body techniques and effective field
theory. (chueng_ji@ncsu.edu)
James Kneller
Prof. Kneller’s research focuses upon neutrino
astrophysics and nucleosynthesis at different epochs
in the history of the universe from the Big Bang
through to the present day. In recent years he has paid
particular attention to the evolving flavor composition
of neutrinos as they propagate through supernovae and
how various mechanisms that drive that evolution
manifest themselves in the signal we expect to
observe when we next detect the burst from a galactic
supernova. From this signal he hopes to tease out the
unknown properties of the neutrino such as the
ordering of the neutrino masses, the size of the last
mixing angle and the CP phase. Other interests
include Big Bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic ray
spallation and cosmic and galactic chemical evolution.
(jim_kneller@ncsu.edu)
Dean Lee
Prof. Lee’s research includes topics in quantum fewand many-body systems and field theory. He is
interested in effective field theory, lattice methods for
few- and many-body systems, quantum Monte Carlo,
nuclear and neutron matter, nuclei, cold atomic gases,
spontaneous symmetry breaking, Bose-Einstein
condensation,
and
superfluidity.
(dean_lee@ncsu.edu)
Gail McLaughlin
Prof. McLaughlin’s research is in theoretical nuclear
and particle astrophysics. She studies the way in
which nuclear reactions and subatomic particles affect
astrophysical objects and vice-versa. She is
particularly interested in supernovae, which are the
end states of massive stars, and gamma ray bursts,
which still have an unknown origin. For example, she
studies how detecting neutrinos from supernovae
could tell us both about the conditions in supernovae
and also about fundamental properties of neutrinos.
She is also interested in how and where elements are
formed. (gail_mclaughlin@ncsu.edu)
Thomas Schaefer
Prof. Schaefer’s research interests include the QCD
phase diagram, color superconductivity, the behavior
of matter under extreme conditions, kaon
condensation, large-Nc QCD, high-density effective
theory, instantons, heavy ion collisisons, cold atomic
gases, viscous hydrodynamics, transport properties,
many body theory, and hadronic physics.
(thomas_schaefer@ncsu.edu)
Further Information
We encourage interested applicants to learn more through the theoretical nuclear and particle physics group webpage,
www.physics.ncsu.edu/ntg. Prospective students can contact any faculty member directly (see email addresses
above) or the Graduate Program office at py-grad-program@ncsu.edu.
.NC STATE Physics.
www.physics.ncsu.edu