Review Guide - Electricity
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• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons
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o
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• Charge
– Likes repel
– Opposites attract
• Size
– Greater size, stronger the force
• Distance Between Them
– Greater distance, weaker the force
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• Stationary (static electricity)
– Build-up of electrical charges
– Electrical charges are released
• Moving (electrical current)
– Movement of electrical charges
– Electrical Potential Difference (moves from area of
high electrical charges to an area of low electrical
charges)
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• Static Electricity is build-up of electrical
charges on an object
• Methods of Charging
– Friction
– Conduction
– Induction
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• Lightning
• Disturbance of electrical devices
• Ignition of flammable material
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• Movement of electrical charges from an area
of high potential to an area of low potential
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• Conductors
– Generally conduct heat well
– Usually metal or metal-like
• Insulators
– Generally conduct heat poorly
– i.e. Rubber, Wood, Plastic, Glass, Air
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• SKIP
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• Ohm’s Law – Current in a wire is directly
proportional to Voltage and inversely
proportional to resistance
– Current – Amount of charges passing a point in a
given time (think flow of water)
– Voltage – Amount of electrical charge
– Resistance – Opposition to the flow of electrical
charges
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• All electrical circuits must have
– Source of energy
• Battery
• Generator
– A load (resistance) that actually uses the energy
• Lightbulb
• Appliance
• Motor
– Wires
– Switch
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• Direct Current
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–
–
–
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Electrons flow through a wire
Electrons flow in the same direction
Electrons flow at a constant rate
More dangerous
Batteries
• Alternating Current
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–
–
–
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Electrons flow through a wire
Electrons alternate back and forth
Electrons flow at a constant rate
More efficient at transporting large amounts of electricity
Outlets
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• Series
– All parts of the circuit are connected one after the
other
– Only one path for electrons to take
– Any break shuts down the whole circuit
• Parallel
– Different parts on different branches
– Several paths for electrons to take
– Break on one branch will not affect other branches