®
SP6656
High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with
Bit Programmable Output
FEATURES
■ 98% Efficiency Possible
■ Small 3X3 10-Pin DFN Package
■ Ultra-low 20µA Quiescent Current
■ 625mA Inductor Peak Current Limit
■ Guaranteed Minimum 400mA Output
Current
■ 2.7V to 5.5V Input Voltage Range
■ Output Adjustable Down to 1.0V
■ 100% Duty Ratio Low Dropout
Operation
■ 80µA Light Load Quiescent Current in
Dropout
■ Output Voltage Logic Selection
■ Ideal for portable designs powered with
Li Ion battery
PVIN
1
VIN
2
OVSO
3
OVSI
4
EN
5
10
LX
9 P
GND
8 GND
SP6656
10 Pin DFN
7 V
OUT
6 FB
Now Available in Lead Free Packaging
APPLICATIONS
■ Cell Phones
■ PDA's
■ DSC's
■ MP3 Players
■ USB Devices
■ Point of Use Power
DESCRIPTION
The SP6656 is a 400mA synchronous buck regulator that is ideal for portable applications that
use a Li-Ion or 3 cell alkaline/NiCD/NiMH input. The SP6656’s proprietary control loop, 20µA light
load quiescent current, and 0.3Ω power switches provide excellent efficiency across a wide range
of output currents. As the input battery supply decreases towards the output voltage the SP6656
seamlessly transitions into 100% duty ratio operation further extending useful battery life. The
SP6656 is protected against overload and short circuit conditions with a precise inductor peak
current limit. Other features include externally programmable output voltage down to 1.0V, logic
controlled output voltage selection, logic level shutdown control, and 140°C over temperature
shutdown.
TYPICAL APPLICATION SCHEMATIC
2.7V to 5.5V Input
L1
10µH
VI
CIN
10µF
10Ω
RVIN
CVIN
1µF
VO
SP6656
PVIN
LX
VIN
PGND
OVSO
GND
OVSI
VOUT
EN
VOUT
400mA
COUT
10µF
CF
RF
FB
RS
Date: 7/9/04
22pF
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
1
RI
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at
these ratings or any other above those indicated in the operation
sections of the specifications below is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may
affect reliability.
PVIN,VIN .............................................................................................. 6V
All other pins .............................................................. -0.3V to VIN+0.3V
PVIN, PGND, LX current ........................................................................ 2A
Storage Temperature .................................................. -65 °C to 150 °C
Operating Temperature ................................................. -40°C to +85°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) ....................................... 300 °C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VIN=UVIN=VEN=3.6V, VOUT=VFB, IO = 0mA, TAMB = -40°C to +85°C, typical values at 27°C unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER
Input Voltage Operating
Range
Minimum Output Voltage
FB Set Voltage, Vr
Overall Accuracy
(-40°C to 85°C)
(0°C to 70°C)
On-Time Constant - KON
Min, TON=KON/(VIN-VOUT)
Off-Time Constant - KOFF
Min, TOFF=KOFF/VOUT
Off-Time Blanking
Turn On Time
PMOS Switch Resistance
NMOS Switch Resistance
Inductor Current Limit
Power Efficiency
Minimum Guaranteed Load
Current
VIN Quiescent Current
VIN Shutdown Current
VOUT Quiescent Current
VOUT Shutdown Current
UVLO
Undervoltage Lockout
Threshold, VIN falling
UVLO hysteresis
OVSO Output Voltage
OVSOLeakage Current
Over-Temperature
Rising Trip Point
Over-Temperature Hysteresis
EN Leakage Current
EN Input Threshold Voltage
MIN
2.7
TYP
MAX
5.5
UNITS
V
0.800
0.816
V
V
1.5
2.25
±5
±4
3.0
V*µs
Close Loop, LI = 10µH,COUT = 22µF
1.6
2.4
3.2
V*µs
Inductor current limit tripped, VFB=0.5V
Measured at VOUT=1V
400
0.6
0.6
750
ns
µs
Ω
Ω
mA
%
1.0
0.784
500
400
2.55
Date: 7/9/04
30
500
5
500
µA
nA
µA
nA
VOUT=3.3V, VIN=3.6V and VIN= 5.5V
EN=0V
VOUT = 3.3V
EN=0V
2.70
2.85
V
EN=VIN,
0.4
mV
V
1
0.60
400mA Load
IPMOS = 200mA
INMOS = 200mA
VFB=0.5V
VOUT=2.5V, IO=200mA
VOUT=3.3V, IO=400mA
20
1
2
1
14
1
0.90
1.25
1
3
1
0.90
1.25
VIN=3.3V, ISINK=1mA TB Checked. Sink
current to be very low
µA
°C
140
0.60
25°C, IO=200mA Close Loop. LI = 10µH,
COUT = 22µF
Measured at VIN=5.5V, no load and
VIN=3.6V, 200mA load, Close Loop
mA
40
FB Leakage Current
LX Leakage
OVSI Leakage Current
OVSI Input Threshold Voltage
100
200
0.3
0.3
625
96
92
500
%
CONDITIONS
Result of IQ measurement at VIN=PVIN=5.5V
500
1.8
100
5
500
1.8
°C
nA
V
V
nA
µA
nA
V
High to Low Transition
Low to High Transition
FB=1V
EN=0V, VIN=3.6V
LX=0V,LX=VIN+0.2V
High to Low Transition
Low to High Transition
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
2
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN NUMBER
PIN NAME
DESCRIPTION
1
PVIN
Input voltage power pin. Inductor charging current passes through this pin.
2
VIN
Internal supply voltage. Control circuitry powered from this pin.
3
OVSO
Output Voltage Selection Output. OVSI = 1 PULLS THIS NODE TO
GND, OVSI = 0, this node is open.
4
OVSI
Output Voltage Select Input. See table I for definition.
5
EN
EN = 1, device is enabled. EN = 0, All internal circuitry is disabled and
power switches are opened.
6
FB
External feedback network input connection. Connect a resistor from
FB to ground and FB to VOUT to set the output voltage. This pin
regulates to the internal bandgap reference voltage of 0.8V.
7
VOUT
Output voltage sense pin. Used by the timing circuit to set minimum on
and off times.
8
GND
Internal ground pin. Control circuitry returns current to this pin.
9
PGND
Power ground pin. Synchronous rectifier current returns through this pin.
10
LX
Inductor switching node. Inductor tied between this pin and the output
capacitor to create regulated output voltage.
VOUT
OVSI
OVSO
Output Voltage
0
Open
VOUT_LOW = 0.8 (RI+RF) / RI
1
Short to GND
VO
CF
RF
VOUT_HIGH = 0.8 (RA+RF) /RA
22pF
FB
RS OVSO
Table 1. Output Voltage Selection
RI
Note: RA = RI RS
RI +RS
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
PVIN
VOUT
VIN
DRVON
VOLOW
TONOVER
MIN Ton
Internal Supply
TONOVER
Min Ton
Min TON = KON/(VIN -VOUT)
M
Vos
VOLOW
REF +
-REF' +
-
VRAMP
FB
C
R
Q
S
+
ILIM/M
DRIVER
_
OVR_I
1
DRVON
-
C
Q
- FB'
+
OVR_I
RST
LX
DRVON
+
REF
D0
Ref
Block
One-Shot
=100ns
UVLO
TSD
ILIM/M
C
Zero_X
PGND
BLANK
D1
GND
-
TOFF =
KOFF/VOUT
300mV
OVR_I
VOUT
DRVON
-
+
BLON
+
VIN
-
C
BLANK
UVLO
BLANK = TBLANK(=100ns) or TOFF = KOFF/VOUT
Date: 7/9/04
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
3
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Refer to the typical application schematic, TAMB= +27°C
100
95
100
90
95
85
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
90
85
80
75
80
70
Vi=3.6V
Vi=3.9V
Vi=4.2V
75
0.1
1.0
10.0
ILoad (mA)
100.0
65
1000.0
Vi=5.0V
60
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
ILoad (mA)
Efficiency vs. Load, VOUT=3.3V, VIN=3.6V
Efficiency vs Load, VOUT = 1.5V
3.45
1.55
Vi=3.6V
Vi=3.9V
Vi=4.2V
Vi=5.0V
3.40
Vi=3.6V
Vi=3.9V
Vi=4.2V
Vi=5.0V
1.53
1.51
Vout (V)
Vout (V)
3.35
3.30
1.49
3.25
1.47
3.20
1.45
3.15
0
100
200
300
400
0
500
100
300
400
500
Line/Load Rejection, VOUT = 1.5V
Line/Load Rejection, VOUT = 3.3V
50
500
Tamb = 85°C
Tamb = 25°C
Tamb = -40°C
400
Tamb = 85°C
Tamb = 25°C
Tamb = -40°C
40
300
Iin(µA)
Iin (uA)
30
200
20
100
10
0
3.0
3.3
3.6
3.9
0
4.2
3.0
3.3
Vin (V)
3.6
3.9
4.2
Vin (V)
No Load Battery Current, VOUT=3.3V
Date: 7/9/04
200
ILoad (mA)
ILoad (mA)
No Load Battery Current, VOUT=1.5V
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
4
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
Kon (V*usec)
Kon (V*usec)
Refer to the typical application schematic, TAMB= +27°C
2.0
1.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
3.6
3.9
4.2
4.5
4.8
5.1
0.0
3.0
5.4
Vin (V)
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.0
1.5
0.5
0.5
4.2
4.5
4.8
5.1
3.0
5.1
5.4
3.3
3.6
3.9
4.2
4.5
4.8
5.1
5.4
Vin (V)
KOFF vs VIN, VOUT=3.3V
KOFF vs VIN, VOUT=1.5V
700.0
700.0
600.0
600.0
500.0
500.0
Frequency (KHz)
Frequency (KHz)
4.8
0.0
5.4
Vin (V)
400.0
300.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
200.0
Vout = 3.3V
Measured
Vout = 3.3V
Calculated
100.0
Vout = 1.5V
Measured
Vout = 1.5V
Calculated
100.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
3.4
5.0
3.8
4.2
4.6
5.0
Vin (V)
Vin (V)
Ripple Frequency vs. VIN, IOUT=0.4A, VOUT=3.3V
Date: 7/9/04
4.2 4.5
Vin (V)
1.5
1.0
3.9
3.9
2.0
1.0
0.0
3.6
3.6
KON vs VIN, VOUT=1.5V
Koff (V*usec)
Koff (V*usec)
KON vs VIN, VOUT=3.3V
3.3
Ripple Frequency vs. VIN, IOUT=0.4A, VOUT=1.5V
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
5
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Refer to the typical application schematic, TAMB= +27°C
Plot Overlay
1: Startupawg (APU #16)
2: S1 Fbx data (APU #10)
0.8
3.5
0.7
0.6
2.5
0.5
2.0
0.4
1.5
0.3
1.0
0.2
2: Digitized Value (in Value)
1: Awg Pattern (in Volts)
3.0
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
Time in Milliseconds
Turn on Time, 400mA Load
Date: 7/9/04
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
6
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Refer to the typical application schematic, TAMB= +27°C
CH.1=VIN
5.0V/DIV.
CH.1=VSHDN
5.0V/DIV.
CH.2=VOUT
0.5V/DIV.
CH.2=VOUT
2.0V/DIV.
CH.4=ILX
0.5A/DIV.
CH.4=IIN
0.5A/DIV.
VIN Start up, VIN=4.2V, IOUT=0.4A, VOUT=3.3V
VIN Start up,VIN=4.2V, IOUT=0.4A, VOUT=1.5V
Load Step, VIN=4.2V, IOUT=0.1A to 0.4A, VOUT=3.3V
Load Step, VIN=4.2V, IOUT=0.1A to 0.4A, VOUT=1.5V
CH.1=VSHDN
5.0V/DIV.
CH.1=VSHDN
5.0V/DIV.
CH.2=VOUT
2.0V/DIV.
CH.2=VOUT
0.5V/DIV.
CH.4=ILX
0.5A/DIV.
CH.4=ILX
0.5A/DIV.
Start up from SHDN, VIN=5V ,IOUT=0.4A, VOUT=3.3V
Date: 7/9/04
Start up from SHDN, VIN=5V, IOUT=0.4A, VOUT=1.5V
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
7
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
THEORY OF OPERATION
The SP6656 is a high efficiency synchronous
buck regulator with an input voltage range of
+2.7V to +5.5Vand an output that is adjustable
between +1.0V and VIN. The SP6656 features a
unique on-time control loop that runs in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) or continuous
conduction mode (CCM) using synchronous
rectification. Other features include over-temperature shutdown, over-current protection, an
external feedback pin, digitally controlled enable and output voltage selection.
RAMP: CCM OPERATION
DRVON
I(L1)
REF, FB
FB’
The SP6656 operates with a light load quiescent
current of 20µA using a 0.3Ω PMOS main
switch and a 0.3Ω NMOS synchronous switch.
It operates with excellent efficiency across the
entire load range, making it an ideal solution for
battery powered applications and low current
step-down conversions. The part smoothly transitions into a 100% duty cycle under heavy load/
low input voltage conditions.
DRVON
I(L1)
FB’
The SP6656 uses a precision comparator and a
minimum on-time to regulate the output voltage
and control the inductor current under normal
load conditions. As the feedback pin drops below the regulation point, the loop comparator
output goes high and closes the main switch.
The minimum on-timer is triggered, setting a
logic high for the duration defined by:
REF, FB
REF’
VOS
is added to FB and this creates the FB's signal.
This FB signal is applied to the negative terminal of the loop comparator. To the positive
terminal of the loop comparator is applied the
REF voltage of 0.8V plus an offset voltage Vos
to compensate for the DC level of VRAMP applied to the negative terminal. The result is an
internal ramp with enough negative going offset
(approximately 50mV) to trip the loop comparator whenever FB falls below regulation.
KON
VIN - VOUT
where:
KON = 2.25V*µsec constant
VIN = VIN pin voltage
VOUT = VOUT pin voltage
To accommodate the use of ceramic and other
low ESR capacitors, an open loop ramp is added
to the feedback signal to mimic the inductor
current ripple. The following waveforms describe the ideal ramp operation in both CCM and
DCM operation.
The output of the loop comparator, a rising
VOLOW, causes a SET if BLANK = 0 and
OVR_I = 0. This starts inductor charging
(DRVON = 1) and starts the minimum on-timer.
The minimum on-timer times out and indicates
DRVON can be reset if the voltage loop is
satisfied. If VOUT is still below the regulation
point RESET is held low until VOUT is above
In either CCM or DCM, the negative going
ramp voltage (VRAMP in the functional diagram)
Date: 7/9/04
REF’
RAMP: DCM OPERATION
On-Time Control - Charge Phase
TON =
VOS
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
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© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
THEORY OF OPERATION
regulation. Once RESET occurs TON minimum
is reset, and the TOFF one-shot is triggered to
blank the loop comparator from starting a new
charge cycle for a minimum period. This blanking period occurs during the noisy LX transition
to discharge, where spurious comparator states
may occur. For TOFF > TBLANK the loop is in a
discharge or wait state until the loop comparator
starts the next charge cycle by DRVON going
high.
L = Inductor value
IOUT = Load current
RCH = PMOS on resistance, 0.3Ω typ.
If the IOUT * RCH term is negligible compared
with (VIN - VOUT), the above equation simplifies
to:
ILR ≈
VOUT (ripple) = ILR * RESR
where:
RESR = ESR of the output capacitor
the output ripple of the SP6656 regulator is
independent of the input and output voltages.
For battery powered applications, where the
battery voltage changes significantly, the SP6656
provides constant output voltage ripple throughout the battery lifetime. This greatly simplifies
the LC filter design.
On-Time Control - Discharge Phase
The discharge phase follows with the high side
PMOS switch opening and the low side NMOS
switch closing to provide a discharge path for
the inductor current. The decreasing inductor
current and the load current cause the output
voltage to drop. Under normal load conditions
when the inductor current is below the programmed limit, the off-time will continue until
the output voltage falls below the regulation
threshold, which initiates a new charge cycle via
the loop comparator.
The maximum loop frequency in CCM is defined by the equation:
FLP ≈
L
*
KON * [VIN + IOUT * (RDC - RCH)]
FLP = CCM loop frequency
RDC = NMOS on resistance, 0.3Ω typ.
Ignoring conduction losses simplifies the loop
frequency to:
FLP ≈
1
KON
*
VOUT
VIN
* (VIN - VOUT)
AND’ing the loop comparator and the on-timer
reduces the switching frequency for load currents below half the inductor ripple current. This
increases light load efficiency. The minimum
on-time insures that the inductor current ripple
is a minimum of KON/L, more than the load
VIN - VOUT - IOUT * RCH
VIN - VOUT
where:
Date: 7/9/04
(VIN - VOUT) * (VOUT + IOUT * RDC)
where:
The inductor current “floats” in continuous conduction mode. During this mode the inductor
peak current is below the programmed limit and
the valley current is above zero. This is to satisfy
load currents that are greater than half the minimum current ripple. The current ripple, ILR, is
defined by the equation:
KON
L
For most applications, the inductor current ripple
controlled by the SP6656 is constant regardless
of input and output voltage. Because the output
voltage ripple is equal to:
If an over current occurs during charge the loop
is interrupted and DRVON is RESET. The offtime one-shot pulse width is widened to TOFF =
KOFF / VOUT, which holds the loop in discharge
for that time. At the end of the off-time the loop
is released and controlled by VOLOW. In this
manner maximum inductor current is controlled
on a cycle-by-cycle basis. An assertion of UVLO
(undervoltage lockout) or TSD (thermal shutdown) holds the loop in no-charge until the fault
has ended.
ILR ≈
KON
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
9
© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
THEORY OF OPERATION
current with a second voltage drop representing
the maximum allowable inductor current. As
the two voltages become equal, the over-current
comparator triggers a minimum off-time one
shot. The off-time one shot forces the loop into
the discharge phase for a minimum TOFF time
causing the inductor current to decrease. At the
end of the off-time, loop control is handed back
to the AND’d on-time signal. If the output
voltage is still low, charging begins until the
output is in regulation or the current limit has
been reached again. During startup and overload conditions, the converter behaves like a
current source at the programmed limit minus
half the current ripple. The minimum TOFF is
controlled by the equation:
current demands. The converter goes in to a
standard pulse frequency modulation (PFM)
mode where the switching frequency is proportional to the load current.
Low Dropout and Load Transient Operation
AND’ing the loop comparator also increases the
duty ratio past the ideal D= VOUT /VIN up to and
including 100%. Under a light to heavy load
transient, the loop comparator will hold the
main switch on longer than the minimum on
timer until the output is brought back into regulation.
Also, as the input voltage supply drops down
close to the output voltage, the main MOSFET
resistance loss will dictate a much higher duty
ratio to regulate the output. Eventually as the
input voltage drops low enough, the output
voltage will follow, causing the loop comparator to hold the converter at 100% duty cycle.
TOFF (MIN) =
VOUT
Under-Voltage Lockout
This mode is critical in extending battery life
when the output voltage is at or above the
minimum usable input voltage. The dropout
voltage is the minimum (VIN -VOUT) below
which the output regulation cannot be maintained. The dropout voltage of SP6656 is equal
to IL* (0.3Ω+ RL1) where 0.3Ω is the typical
RDS(ON) of the P-Channel MOSFET and RL is
the DC resistance of the inductor.
The SP6656 is equipped with a programmable
under-voltage lockout to protect the input battery source from excessive currents when substantially discharged. When the input supply is
below the UVLO threshold both power switches
are open to prevent inductor current from flowing. The level of falling input voltage has a
typical hysteresis of 120mV to prevent chattering due to the impedance of the input source.
The SP6656 has been designed to operate in
dropout with a light load Iq of only 80µA. The
on-time control circuit seamlessly operates the
converter between CCM, DCM, and low dropout modes without the need for compensation.
The converter’s transient response is quick since
there is no compensated error amplifier in the loop.
Under-Current Detection
The synchronous rectifier is comprised of an
inductor discharge switch, a voltage comparator, and a driver latch. During the off-time,
positive inductor current flows into the PGND
pin 9 through the low side NMOS switch to LX
pin 10, through the inductor and the output
capacitor, and back to pin 9. The comparator
monitors the voltage drop across the discharge
NMOS. As the inductor current approaches zero,
the channel voltage sign goes from negative to
positive, causing the comparator to trigger the
driver latch and open the switch to prevent
inductor current reversal. This circuit along
with the on-timer puts the converter into PFM
Inductor Over-Current Protection
To reduce the light load dropout Iq, the SP6656
over-current system is only enabled when IL1 >
400mA. The inductor over-current protection
circuitry is programmed to limit the peak inductor current to 0.625A. This is done during the
on-time by comparing the source to drain voltage drop of the PMOS passing the inductor
Date: 7/9/04
KOFF
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
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© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
THEORY OF OPERATION
mode and improves light load efficiency when
the load current is less than half the inductor
ripple current defined by KON/L.
Output Voltage Selection
The OVSI (Output Voltage Selection Input) pin
is internally driving a NMOS Gate which Drain
(OVSO pin) is used to short circuit RS and then
achieve a a higher output voltage ( see table 1 for
calculation, page 3)
Thermal Shutdown
The converter will open both power switches if
the die junction temperature rises above 140°C.
The die must cool down below 126°C before the
regulator is re-enabled. This feature protects the
SP6656 and surrounding circuitry from excessive power dissipation due to fault conditions.
External Feedback Pin
The FB pin 6 is compared to an internal reference voltage of 0.8V to regulate the SP6656
output. The output voltage can be externally
programmed within the range +1.0V to +5.0V
by tying a resistor from FB to ground and FB to
VOUT (pin7). See the applications section for
resistor selection information.
Shutdown/Enable Control
The EN pins of the device are logic level control
pins that shut down the converter when a logic
is low, or enables the converter when a logic is
high. When the converter is shut down, the
power switches are opened and all circuit biasing is extinguished leaving only junction leakage currents on supply pins 1 and 2. After pins
4 or 5 are brought high to enable the converter,
there is a turn on delay to allow the regulator
circuitry to re-establish itself. Power conversion
begins with the assertion of the internal reference ready signal which occurs approximately
150µs after the enable signal is received.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
would be fairly constant for different input and
output voltages, simplifying the selection of components for the SP6656 power circuit. Other
inductor values could be selected, as shown in
Table 2 Components Selection. Using a larger
value than 10µH in an attempt to reduce output
voltage ripple would reduce inductor current ripple
and may not produce as stable an output ripple.
For larger inductors with the SP6656, which has
a peak inductor current of 0.625A, most 15µH
or 22µH inductors would have to be larger
physical sizes, limiting their use in small portable applications. Smaller values like 10µH
would more easily meet the 0.625A limit and
come in small case sizes, and the increased
Inductor Selection
The SP6656 uses a specially adapted minimum
on-time control of regulation utilizing a precision comparator and bandgap reference. This
adaptive minimum on-time control has the advantage of setting a constant current ripple for a
given inductor size. From the operations section
it has been shown:
K
Inductor Current Ripple, ILR ≈ ON
L
For the typical SP6656 application circuit with
inductor size of 10µH, and KON of 2V*µsec, the
SP6656 current ripple would be about 200mA, and
Date: 7/9/04
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
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© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
APPLICATION INFORMATION
inductor current ripple of almost 200mA would
produce very stable regulation and fast load
transient response at the expense of slightly
reduced efficiency.
For the 10µF Ceramic Output Capacitor with
0.003Ω ESR, and a 10µH inductor yielding 200mA
inductor current ripple ILR, the VOUT ripple would
be 0.6mVpp. Since 0.6mV is a very small signal
level, the actual value would probably be as large
as 10mV due to noise and layout issues, but this
illustrates that the SP6656 output ripple can be
very low indeed. To improve stability, a small
ceramic capacitor, CF = 22pF should be paralleled
with the feedback voltage divider RF, as shown on
the typical application schematic on page 1. Another function of the output capacitance is to hold
up the output voltage during the load transients and
prevent excessive overshoot and undershoot. The
typical performance characteristics curves show
very good load step transient response for the
SP6656 with the recommended output capacitance of 10µF ceramic.
Other inductor parameters are important: the inductor current rating and the DC resistance. When
the current through the inductor reaches the level
of ISAT, the inductance drops to 70% of the
nominal value. This non-linear change can cause
stability problems or excessive fluctuation in inductor current ripple. To avoid this, the inductor
should be selected with saturation current at least
equal to the maximum output current of the converter plus half the inductor current ripple. To
provide the best performance in dynamic conditions such as start-up and load transients, inductors
should be chosen with saturation current close to
the SP6656 inductor current limit of 0.625A.
The input capacitor will reduce the peak current
drawn from the battery, improve efficiency and
significantly reduce high frequency noises induced by a switching power supply. The typical
input capacitor for the SP6656 is 10µF ceramic.
These capacitors will provide good high frequency
bypassing and their low ESR will reduce resistive
losses for higher efficiency. An RC filter is recommended for the VIN pin 2 to effectively reduce the
noise for the ICs analog supply rail which powers
sensitive circuits. This time constant needs to be at
least 5 times greater than the switching period,
which is calculated as 1/FLP during the CCM
mode. The typical application schematic uses the
values of RVIN = 10Ω and CVIN = 1µF to meet these
requirements.
DC resistance, another important inductor characteristic, directly affects the efficiency of the converter, so inductors with minimum DC resistance
should be chosen for high efficiency designs.
Recommended inductors with low DC resistance
are listed in Table 2. Preferred inductors for on
board power supplies with the SP6656 are magnetically shielded types to minimize radiated magnetic field emissions.
Capacitor Selection
The SP6656 has been designed to work uith very
low ESR output capacitors (listed in Table 2
Component Selection) which for the typical application circuit are 10µF ceramic capacitors. These
capacitors combine small size, low ESR and good
value. To regulate the output with low ESR capacitors of 0.01Ω or less, an internal ramp voltage
VRAMP has been added to the FB signal to reliably
trip the loop comparator (as described in the Operations section).
Output ripple for a buck regulator is determined
mostly by output capacitor ESR, which for the
SP6656 with a constant inductor current ripple can
be expressed as:
VOUT (ripple) = ILR * RESR
Date: 7/9/04
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
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© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
APPLICATION INFORMATION
The output voltage is programmed by the external divider, as shown in the typical
application circuit on Page 1. Depending on the topology used, 1 or 2 output ,VOUT is
set as follows:
1) Single VOUT
VOUT
First pick a value for RI that is no larger than 300K.
Too large a value of RI will reduce the AC voltage
seen by the loop comparator since the internal FB
pin capacitance can form a low pass filter with RF
in parallel with RI. The formula for RF with a given
RI and output voltage is:
VO
CF
RF
RF = (VOUT / 0.8V - 1) x (RI)
22pF
FB
RI
2) Dual VOUT (selectable)
VOUT
VO
First pick the lowest voltage that will be used and
utilize the same method as above.
RF = (VOUT_LOW/ 0.8V - 1) x (RI) RI≤ 300k
RF
CF
22pF
Then use the following equation to determine RS:
OVSO
FB
RS
[RI//RS] =
RS =
0.8 x RF
VOUT_HIGH - 0.8
RI
[RI//RS]
[RI//RS]
1
RI
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SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
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© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INDUCTORS SURFACE MOUNT
Inductor Specification
Inductance
(µH)
Manufacturer/Part No.
Series R Ω
ISAT (A)
Size
LxW(mm) Ht. (mm)
Inductor Type
Manufacturer
Website
10
Murata LQH32CN100K11
0.300
0.45
3.2 x 1.6
1.8
Unshielded Ferrite Core murata.com
10
TDK RLF5018T-100MR94
0.056
0.94
5.6 x 5.2
2.0
Shielded Ferrite Core
10
Coilcraft LPO6013-103K
0.300
0.70
6.0 x 5.4
1.3
Unshielded Ferrite Core coilcraft.com
22
Murata LQH32CN220K21
0.710
0.25
3.2 x 1.6
1.8
Unshielded Ferrite Core
murata.com
22
TDK RLF5018T- 220MR63
0.130
0.63
5.6 x 5.2
2.0
Shielded Ferrite Core
tdk.com
22
Coilcraft LPO6013-103
0.520
0.45
6.0 x 5.4
1.3
Unshielded Ferrite Core coilcraft.com
tdk.com
CAPACITORS - SURFACE MOUNT
Capacitor Specification
Capacitance
(µF)
Manufacturer/Part No.
ESR RippleCurrent
Size
Ω (max) (A) @ 45°C LxW(mm) Ht. (mm)
Voltage
(V)
Capacitor Type
Manufacturer
Website
10
TDK C2012X5R0J106M
0.003
1.00
2.0 x 1.2
1.25
6.3
X5R Ceramic
10
Murata GRM21BR60J106KE01
0.003
1.00
2.0 x 1.2
1.25
6.3
POSCAP
tdk.com
murata.com
4.7
TDK C2012X5R0J475M
0.005
1.00
2.0 x 1.2
1.25
6.3
X5R Ceramic
tdk.com
4.7
Murata GRM21BR60J475KE01
0.005
1.00
2.0 x 1.2
1.25
6.3
POSCAP
murata.com
Note: Components highlighted in bold are those used on the SP6656 Evaluation Board.
Table 2 Component Selection
Output Voltage Ripple Frequency
Layout Considerations
An important consideration in a power supply
application is the frequency value of the output
ripple. Given the control technique of the SP6656
(as described in the operations section), the
frequency of the output ripple will vary when in
light to moderate load in the discontinuous or
PFM mode. For moderate to heavy loads greater
than about 100mA inductor current ripple, (for
the typical 10µH inductor application on 100mA
is half the 200mA inductor current ripple), the
output ripple frequency will be fairly constant.
From the operations section, this maximum loop
frequency in continuous conduction mode is:
Proper layout of the power and control circuits is
necessary in a switching power supply to obtain
good output regulation with stability and a minimum of output noise. The SP6656 application
circuit can be made very small and reside close to
the IC for best performance and solution size, as
long as some layout techniques are taken into
consideration. To avoid excessive interference
between the SP6656 high frequency converter and
the other active components on the board, some
rules should be followed. Refer to the typical
application schematic on page 1 and the sample
PCB layout shown in the following figures to
illustrate how to layout a SP6656 power supply.
FLP ≈
1
KON
*
VOUT
*
(VIN - VOUT)
Avoid injecting noise into the sensitive part of
circuit via the ground plane. Input and output
capacitors conduct high frequency current through
the ground plane. Separate the control and power
grounds and connect them together at a single
point. Power ground plane is shown in the figure
titled PCB top sample layout and connects the
VIN
Data for loop frequency, as measured from
output voltage ripple frequency, can be found in
the typical performance curves.
Date: 7/9/04
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
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© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
APPLICATION INFORMATION
ground of the COUT capacitor to the ground of the
feedforward capacitor CF should be placed very
close to the FB pin. Any noise traces like the LX
pin should be kept away from the voltage feedback
network and separated from it by using power
ground copper to minimize EMI.
CIN capacitor and then to the PGND pin 10. The
control ground plane connects from pin 9 GND to
ground of the CVIN capacitor and the RI ground
return of the feedback resistor. These two separate
control and power ground planes come together in
the figure titled PCB top sample layout where
SP6656 pin 9 GND is connected to pin 10 PGND.
Power loops on the input and output of the converter should be laid out with the shortest and
widest traces possible. The longer and narrower
the trace, the higher the resistance and inductance
it will have. The length of traces in series with the
capacitors increases its ESR and ESL and reduces
their effectiveness at high frequencies. Therefore,
put the 1µF bypass capacitor as close to the VIN and
GND pins of the converter as possible, the 10µF
CIN close to the PVIN pin and the 10µF output
capacitor as close to the inductor as possible. The
external voltage feedback network RF, RI, RS and
SP6656 Component Sample Layout
SP6656 PC Layout Top Side
SP6656 PC Layout Bottom Side
Date: 7/9/04
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
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© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
PACKAGE: 10 PIN DFN
Bottom View
Top View
D
b
e
D/2
1
2
E/2
E2
E
K
L
D2
Pin 1 identifier to be located within this shaded area.
Terminal #1 Index Area (D/2 * E/2)
A
A1
A3
Side View
DIMENSIONS
Minimum/Maximum
(mm)
10 Pin DFN
(JEDEC MO-229,
VEED-5 VARIATION)
COMMON HEIGHT DIMENSION
SYMBOL
A
A1
A3
b
D
D2
e
E
E2
K
L
MIN NOM MAX
0.80
0
0.90
1.00
0.02 0.05
0.20 REF
0.18 0.25 0.30
3.00 BSC
2.20
2.70
0.50 PITCH
3.00 BSC
1.40
1.75
0.20
0.30 0.40 0.50
10 PIN DFN
Date: 7/9/04
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
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© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number
Operating Temperature Range
Top Mark
Package Type
SP6656ER ............................ -40°C to +85°C ............................ SP6656ERYWW ...................... 10 Pin DFN
SP6656ER/TR ...................... -40°C to +85°C ............................ SP6656ER/TRYWW ................ 10 Pin DFN
Available in lead free packaging. To order add "-L" suffix to part number.
Example: SP6656ER/TR = standard; SP6656ER-L/TR = lead free
/TR = Tape and Reel
Pack quantity is 3,000 for DFN.
Corporation
ANALOG EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
Date: 7/9/04
SP6656 High Efficiency 400mA Synchronous Buck Regulator with Bit Programmable Output
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© Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation