TUA6045 Half NIM Application Note TUA6045 Half NIM Application Note TUA6045 + BF5030W BG5130R + BB565 + BB659C + BB689 Ver1.0, Released September 2006 Never stop thinking. TUA6045 Half NIM Overview of the TUA6045 Half NIM Half NIM with Single Conversion Tuner For European DVB-T application With Infineon Components : TUA 6045 Single Chip Mixer-Oscillator PLL IC with IF Amplifier BF 5030W and BG5130R self biasing MOSFETs BB565, BB659C and BB689 Varactor Diodes BAS70-04 Bridge Rectifier BC847BW BJT Transitor This very small sized Half NIM consisting of a single conversion tuner designed for DVB-T(COFDM) front-end in the frequency range from 66 to 858 MHz can be used with minimum modification for all digital broadcasting reception. The Half NIM was developed for 3 band tuner concept, designed without switching diodes based on the Infineon 3 band tuner IC. The IC is particularly suitable for COFDM applications like DVB-T and ISDB-T that requires stringent close-in phase noise. It is also suitable for ATSC, DAB and MobileTV Application. The IC provides a balanced SAW filter driver output that is designed to drive a SAW filter directly. The tuner is optimized for IF bandwidth = 8MHz and IF center frequency = 36MHz. The frequency ranges of the tuner is as follows : VHF I : 66 – 154 MHz VHF II : 162 - 442 MHz UHF : 450 - 858 MHz All the passive and active components except air coils, 5 choke coil are SMD components. The PCB is double-clad and the dimensions are mm. Semiconductors: TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 1X TUA 6045 1 X BF 5030W 1X BG 5130R 7 X BB 565 4X BB 659C 4 X BB 689 1X BAS70-04 1 X BC847BW 1 TUA6045 Half NIM CONTENT 1. Tuner Design ....................................................................................................................... 1.1 Circuit Concept …………………………………………………………………………... 1.2 UHF RF Block …………………………………………………………………………... 1.3 VHFH RF Block ………………………………………………………………………….. 1.4 VHFL RF Block …………………………………………………………………………... 1.5 Oscillator Resonator, PLL Loop Filter & Phase Noise ………………………………... 1.6 IF Block …………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 3 4 4 4 5 7 2. PCB ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 3. TUA6045 One Chip RF + IF Amplifier Tuner IC …………………………………………… 3.1 Highlights ………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.2 Block Diagram ……………………………………………………………………………... 8 8 9 4. Alignment ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.1 Alignment Setup …………………………………………………………………………… 4.2 Alignment Procedure …………………………………………………………………….. 10 10 11 5. Measurement ……………………………………………………………………………………… 5.1 Electrical Characteristics …...…………………………………………………………… 5.2 Frequency Response ..………………………………………………………………….. 5.3 Measurement Results ..………………………………………………………………….. 12 12 13 14 6. Front End Interface …………………………………………………………………………….. 6.1 Bus Interface …………………………………………………………………………….. 6.2 Tuner PLL Programming …………………………………………………………………. 6.3 Bus Format ………………………………………………………………………………… 6.4 Bus Timing ………………………………………………………………………………… 6.5 Data Specification, Function and Default ………………………………………………. 19 19 19 21 22 25 7. Component List and Ordering Information ………………………………………………….. 32 8. Circuit and Layout …………………………………………………………………………….... 8.1 Schematic and Layout …………………………………………………………………… 8.2 Pinning and Outline Dimension ……………………………………………………….... 37 37 40 9. Automatic Tuner Test Setup of the Team 41 TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 …………………………………………………… 2 TUA6045 Half NIM 1. Tuner Design 1.1. Circuit Concept The RF input signal is splitted by a simple high pass filter combined with IF & CB(Citizen Band) traps. Instead of band switching with PIN diodes a very simple triplexer circuit is used. With a high inductive coupling the antenna impedance is transformed to the tuned input circuits. The pre-selected signal is then amplified by the high gain self biased MOSFET BF5030W. One BG5130R double-MOSFET can be used for both VHF bands. In the following tuned bandpass filter stage, the channel is selected and unwanted signals like adjacent channels and image frequency are rejected. Tracking traps of prestages and capacitive image frequency compensations of band filters reject especially image frequencies. The conversion to IF is done in the one chip tuner-PLL IC, TUA 6045. TUA6045 is a real 3 band tuner IC which has all the active parts for the 3 mixers, 3 oscillators, an IF driver stage, the complete PLL functions including 3 PNP ports for the band switching, and a wideband AGC detector for internal tuner AGC. Combined with the optimized loop filter, 4 bit programmable charge pump currents, the balanced crystal oscillator, and the voltage controlled oscillators which have superb characteristics The tuner can achieve distinguished phase noise performance suitable for all digital applications. The balanced mixer output signal of the TUA6045 is designed to drive directly a SAW filter in the following IF stage. The tuner consumes less than 100 mA currents or 0.33 Watt power. This can be a big advantage for portable or handheld appliances. BG5130R Fig 1. Circuit Concept Diagram of DVB-T Tuner For the detailed circuit description please refer to Appendix A. TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 3 TUA6045 Half NIM 1.2. UHF RF Block With the wide range ultra linear varactor diode BB565 it has become possible to design an UHF band without coupling diodes and without compensating coils for extending the frequency ratio in the tuned filters. To get a good tracking without a coupling diode between the input filter and the MOSFET the point of coupling is set between the tuning diode and the series capacitor, and not at the high end of the resonant circuit. The bandpass stage is an inductive low end coupling filter, which concurrently provides the transformation from unbalanced to balanced. Also thanks to the matched image filters on both prestage and band pass filter stage, better than 65dB image rejection can be achieved over the whole UHF band. By means of simple gate 1 switching through PNP ports, pre-amplifiers are selected. 1.3. VHFH RF Block For VHFH band, high quality ratio-extended varactor diode, BB659C is used. To compensate gain, one additional coupling diode, BB565 is placed on the prestage of VHFH. The RF bandpass filter is unbalanced on the primary side, and balanced on the secondary side just like UHF band pass filter. The coupling between filters is realized via a printed inductor. The mixer input circuit is optimized to protect the mixer from overloading. Image rejection filters work as those of UHF block. 1.4. VHFL RF Block For the wide VHFL frequency range a tuning diode with an extended capacitance ratio is required. BB689 is a tuning diode, which was developed to cover the wide frequency range of Hyperband tuner and at the same time shows a low series resistance. 2 X BB565 are used for coupling to achieve improved RF characteristics. The RF band pass filter is unbalanced, and is also coupled asymmetrically to the high ohmic VHFL mixer, which has no negative effects due to the relatively low frequencies involved. After the RF Block circuit design it is preferable to do block simulations to confirm its frequency dependent characteristics. Fig.2 is one of such simulation results. Fig 2. One of the Simulation Results of DVB-T Tuner RF Blocks TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 4 TUA6045 Half NIM 1.5. Oscillator Resonator, PLL Loop Filter and Phase Noise The Oscillator tank circuits were carefully optimized for oscillator range, stability and phase noise. The layout is also optimized to prevent any kind of unwanted parasitic oscillations, Capacitors of the resonators could be temperature-compensated if necessary. N750 type is recommended for this purpose. One of the most important considerations to design a good DVB-T tuner is how to down-convert input RF signals to IF frequency with minimized phase noise. The DVB-T standards provides for two modes of operation, a 2K mode with 1705 subcarriers, and an 8K mode with 6817 subcarriers for OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) transmission1. An OFDM signal as in Fig.3 contains multiple subcarriers, each of which is a smaller percentage of the total frequency bandwidth than in a single carrier system. As a result, phase noise is a smaller percentage of the bandwidth in a single-carrier system. For this reason, phase noise degrades the performance of an OFDM system more than in a single carrier system. Fig 3. Typical Spectrum of the simple OFDM signal Phase noise influences two important system performances : One is receiver selectivity by reciprocal mixing in Fig.4, and the other is receiver sensitivity or SNR2, which decides BER(Bit-Error-Rate) of the digital system combined with other noise sources like prestage noise figures, image noise, etc. Tuner Output Signals Input Signals Local Oscillator Fig 4. Reciprocal Mixing Model 1 2 . ETSI EN 300 744 V1.2.1 . Muschallik, C., Influence of RF oscillators on an OFDM signal, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol.41,No.3, pp.602603 TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 5 TUA6045 Half NIM To design optimum resonators for the IC, the well-known Leeson's equation3 should always be reflected. Even though there is an improved phase noise model4 for better phase noise analysis and prediction, Leeson's equation is still a basis of all those new approaches. 1 fo 2 fc FkT + 1 L( fm) = 10 log + 1 fm Ps 2 2QLfm (1) L(fm) is ratio of noise power in a 1-Hz bandwidth in units of dBc/Hz. fo is the frequency of oscillation. fc is the flicker noise corner. F is the noise figure of oscillator. Ps is the carrier power. K is Boltzmann's constant, 1.38x10-23 J/K. T is Kelvin temperature. QLis loaded Q factor. TUA6045 can satisfy a low intrinsic F requirement of oscillator. The external applications of the oscillator should be carefully designed not to degrade Q with regard to stable oscillation. The critical role of loop filter is to remove the reference spurs produced by the phase detection process, which is fundamentally a sampled system in digital implementations. Since the control voltage directly modulates the frequency of the VCO, any AC components of tuning voltage results in a frequency modulation of the oscillator. If these components are periodic, they produce stationary side-bands like reference spurs. Because of the wide tuning range of the tuner, the tuning sensitivity of tuner can go up to 35MHz/V, so even a few millivolts of noise on the tuning lines will generate noticeable spectral interference. The oscillator's output now has the benefits of phase locking such as improved stability and phase noise and this is another crucial function of PLL. By determining a proper loop bandwidth, optimum phase noise characteristics of the reference oscillator and the local oscillator can be utilized. For a given loop bandwidth, a higher order filter provides more attenuation of out-of-band spectral components. However, the higher the order, the more poles there are, and it means it gets harder to make the loop stable. The loop bandwidth and loop filter components should be carefully selected to achieve optimal phase noise and to reject reference spurs. 4 extended modes of charge pump currents also must be appropriately chosen and used for best phase noise performance of different frequency ranges. For this tuner design DVB-T recommended fref=166.667KHz is used for all loop filter calculations and measurements. A 3rd order passive loop filer is chosen for the tuner design. The following are simplified procedures to decide the loop filter components. 1. 2. 3. 4. Define the basic synthesizer requirements ; oscillator frequency ranges, fref, maximum frequency step, fBW(Loop Bandwidth, Hz) with deep consideration of in-out band phase noise. Identify Kvco(VCO sensitivity, Hz/V) and Icp(charge pump current, A). Calculate Fstep = fvco_max - fvco_min, to optimize for fvco_max Calculate N = fvco_max / fref, to optimize for fvco_max. Calculate natural frequency, Fn ; ζ = damping factor 2 × f BW Hz (2) Fn = 1 2π × (ζ + ) 4 ×ζ I cp × K vco 6. Calculate C68 ; Farad (3) C 68 = N × ( 2π × Fn ) 2 7. Calculate R39, and its phase noise contribution. This completes the main part of the loop filter. 5. R39 = 2 × ζ × 3 N I cp × K vco × C 68 ohm (4) . G.Vendelin, A.Pavio, U.Rohde, Microwave Circuit Design using Linear & Nonlinear Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992, pp.385-491. 4 . Hajimiri, A., & Lee, T.H., A genaral theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators, IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, Vol.33, No.2, pp.179-194. TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 6 TUA6045 Half NIM K 2k × T × R39 dBc/Hz LΦ ( fm) = 20 log vco (5)5 fm 8. Calculate C65, which is used to damp transients from the charge pump and should be at least 20 times smaller C 68 than C69, i.e., C 69 ≤ 20 9. Calculate R40 & C24 within these limits and the phase noise contribution of R40 by Eq.(5). τ2 τ1=C68×R39,τ2=C24×R40, 0.01 < < 0.1 τ1 A bigger time constant results in somewhat better filtering action, but tends to be associated with lower stability. 10. In order to have the confidence in the stability of the loop, an open loop analysis is performed to estimate the gain and phase margin. By closed loop analysis we can obtain the frequency response & transient response of the loop. We use a mathmatic tool to analyse these parameters though a spreadsheet program is enogh for the above calculations. Typically the crystal oscillator used for the reference has very good phase noise that then levels off near 10KHz offset at around -150dBc/Hz. The free running oscillator to be phase locked typically has much higher close in noise but continues down to around -120dBc/Hz beyond 1MHz. At some offset the reference noise multiplied up to the output frequency becomes higher than the oscillator's free running noise. This is the point where normally the loop bandwidth is set. Inside the loop the oscillator noise is improved by the reference, yet outside the loop is not degraded by the reference. Because of the wide tuning range of the tuner oscillator the loop bandwidth should be very carefully chosen with deep consideration of these noise contribution mechanism. The phase noise level within the loop bandwidth can be approximated by Close _ in _ phase _ noise = (1Hz _ normalized _ phase _ noise _ floor) + 20 log N + 10 log f ref (6) There are other sources of phase noise that need to be considered when designing the tuner. One of the most common sources of noise is the power supply to the IC. This can be caused in many ways, but most commonly are due to supply ripple and electric or magnetic coupling to +3.3V line. Correct PCB layout and good AC blocking are critical to ensure good noise performance. The highest level signal line in the tuner is the IF output line, and all those sensitive blocks like oscillator, loop filter and long DC lines should be well-protected from coupling by IF lines. 1.6. IF Block TUA6045 has separated mixer outputs and SAW driver inputs to realize an IF filter of band pass filter structure that helps much better adjacent channel rejection. Especially in simulcasting signal environment as in Fig.5, it is a big advantage combined with internal AGC of TUA6045 to efficiently suppress strong adjacent PAL signals. The tuner provides a balanced IF output to drive directly a SAW filter. PAL Signal PAL Signal DVB-T Signal Fig 5. Spectrum of a DVB-T signal between strong analog PAL signals 5 . G.Vendelin, A.Pavio, U.Rohde, Microwave Circuit Design using Linear & Nonlinear Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992, pp.436. TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 7 TUA6045 Half NIM 2. PCB Double-sided, 1 mm thickness FR4 PCB is used for the tuner design. 3. TUA 6045, One-Chip RF + IF Amplifier Tuner IC 3.1 Highlights The core of the tuner is the one-chip mixer oscillator-PLL IC TUA 6045. The following are some of the outstanding features: Features Suitable for DVB-C, DVB-T, ISDB-T and ATSC Wideband and Narrowband AGC detector for internal tuner AGC - 5 programmable take-over points - 2 programmable time constants Low Phase Noise Full ESD protection Mixer/Oscillator - High impedance mixer input (common emitter) for LOW band - Low impedance mixer input (common base) for MID band - Low impedance mixer input (common base) for HIGH band - 2 pin oscillator for LOW band - 2 pin oscillator for MID band - 4 pin oscillator for HIGH band IF-Amplifier - IF preamplifier with symmetrical 75Ω output impedance able to drive a SAW filter PLL - 4 independent I2C addresses - I2C bus protocol compatible with 3.3 V and 5V micro-controllers up to 400 kHz - Short lock-in time - High voltage VCO tuning output - Internal LOW/MID/HIGH band switch - Lock-in flag - 4 bit Programmable reference divider ratio - 16 Programmable charge pump current VQFN-48 Package TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 8 TUA6045 Half NIM 3.2 Block diagram In the block diagram the internal structure of the IC is shown in Fig.6. Figure 6. Block Diagram of TUA6045, VQFN-48 TUA6045 combines a mixer-oscillator block with a digitally programmable phase locked loop (PLL) for use in broad-multimedia frontend applications. The mixer-oscillator block includes three balanced mixers (one mixer with an unbalanced high-impedance input and two mixers with a balanced lowimpedance input), two 2-pin asymmetrical oscillators for the LOW and the MID band, one 4-pin symmetrical oscillator for the HIGH band, an IF amplifier, a reference voltage, and a band switch. Mixer outputs and IF SAW Driver inputs are separated to make it possible to realize a band pass IF filter to suppress adjacent channels efficiently. The PLL block with four independently selectable chip addresses forms a digitally programmable phase locked loop. With a 4 to 16 MHz balanced reference quartz oscillator, the PLL permits precise setting of the frequency of the tuner oscillator through a 9 bit programmable reference divider ratio. The tuning process is controlled by a microprocessor via I2C bus. A flag is set when the loop is locked. 2 The lock flag can be read by the processor via the I C bus. By means of 4 bit programmable charge pump current, tuner designers can choose an adequate charge pump current depending on their own loop filter design, frequency usage, and in-out band phase noise requirement. TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 9 TUA6045 Half NIM 4. Alignment 4.1 Alignment set-up Sweep generator: Rhode & Schwarz polyscope IIC Control Software RF Out Lin. Amplifier Input VSWR Bridge Log. Amplifier Input SCL SDA power supply Activ Detector V Detector DUT A U AGC U TUN U B marker generator IF Out PC SC This is an example of analog tuner alignment setup. The same setup can be used to align RF performance of DVB-T tuner. IF center frequency of 36MHz will be used for the overall alignment, and 3 points of IF frequencies, 32, 36 & 40MHz should be monitored to align in-channel characteristics. Instead of a Polyscope we can use any type of network analyzer which has a conversion loss measurement function. With such a general-purpose network analyzer the system bandwidth and sampling points of the instrument should be adjusted for best resolution. The sweep generator is connected via a return loss bridge to the antenna input of the tuner. Because of the balanced SAW driver output the 75 Ω detector has to be connected via a dummy balun simulating the SAW filter input impedance to the tuner output. This dummy balun is also used for the measurements in the test set-up. For digital tuner alignment only IF center frequency of 36 MHz can be used all through the alignment and measurement. The tuner is designed to cover IF bandwidth of 8MHz between 32MHz ~ 40MHz. to IF pins of tuner 12 pF 10 turns 2 turns The tuning voltage of each band should not fall below 0.7 V for lowest frequency and 28 V for highest frequency. to 75 Ohm detector TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 10 TUA6045 Half NIM 4.2 Alignment Procedures L104 L105 L107 L106 L601 L102 L602 L603 L202 L205 L206 L301 L308 L310 L309 L204 Presented on BOM, some coils should be pre-formed before starting alignment to align easily. Also all the coils must be checked whether they are in the right form, not distorted abruptly. 1. Current consumption & Vt of the tuner must be monitored all through the alignment to check the proper operation of the IC. If the current consumption is over 110mA, the IC must seem to be damaged. IFcenter = 36MHz. 2. UHF alignment : - Set the tuner to the highest channel of UHF band, frequency = 858MHz and then adjust L603 to have Vt = 22.7 ± 0.3V. - Adjust L102 for VSWR. - For RF curve & tilt adjust L105 first, and depending on the result, adjust L106 & L107. For highend fine-tuning, adjust L104 a little bit. If the pre-formation of L106, L107 is OK, we need to touch only L105 & L104. - Sweep the whole band or selected channels, and do a fine tune once again if necessary. 3. VHFH alignment : - Set the tuner to the highest channel of VHFH band, frequency = 442.025MHz and then adjust L602 to have Vt = 22.7 ± 0.3V. - Adjust L202 for VSWR. - For RF curve & tilt adjust L204 first, and depending on the result, adjust L205 & L26 a little bit. - Sweep the whole band or selected channels, and do a fine tune once again if necessary. 4. VHFL alignment : - Set the tuner to the highest channel of VHFH band, frequency = 442.025MHz and then adjust L601 to have Vt = 22.7 ± 0.3V. - Adjust L301 for VSWR. - For RF curve & tilt adjust L310 first, and depending on the result, adjust L308 & L309 a little bit. - Sweep the whole band or selected channels, and do a fine tune once again if necessary. TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 11 TUA6045 Half NIM 5. Measurement Results 6.2 Electrical Characteristics of the Tuner Unless otherwise specified all data were measured in conditions of supply voltage of 5 V ± 5%, 3.3V ± 5% and 2.5V ± 5% with ambient temperature of 25 º C ± 5%, fref of 166.667KHz. Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Frequency range VHFL VHFH UHF 66 162 450 IF center frequency 154 442 858 MHz 36 MHz Frequency margin at low and high ends of each band 1.5 Supply voltages and currents Supply voltage +3.3V Pin Supply current +3.3 V Pin Input connector: IEC 3 3.3 3.6 120 V mA RF Characteristics Input impedance VSWR at nominal gain and during AGC External AGC voltage for max gain External AGC voltage for min gain Internal AGC voltage 5 2.95 0.5 3 3.05 V 2.8 AGC range VHFL AGC range VHFH AGC range UHF 60 60 50 Tuning sensitivity VHFL Tuning sensitivity VHFH Tuning sensitivity UHF 3 5 5 Power gain Without LNA With LNA Ω 50 dB 8 23 37 MHz/V dB ) Measured at SAWOUT ) With IF Amplifier ) Measured at IFOUT with IF ) AGC at 2V Gain taper in each band Noise figure VHFL Noise figure VHFH Noise figure UHF RF bandwidth (3 dB) VHFL RF bandwidth (3 dB) VHFH RF bandwidth (3 dB) UHF TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 47 65 100 10 10 10 5 3.5 3 3 20 20 20 dB dB MHz 12 TUA6045 Half NIM Parameter Min Max Unit 55 55 55 dB Input 1 dB compression Point Without LNA ) Measured at SAWOUT With LNA ) 75 60 dBuV Input IP3 (two tone) With LNA With LNA 80 70 dB ) Measured at SAWOUT ) Phase Noise 1KHz offset 10KH offset 100KHz offset 5.2 Typ Image rejection VHFL Image rejection VHFH Image rejection UHF -80 -80 -110 dBc/Hz Frequency Response (Measurement taken at SAWOUT) RF Frequency = 130 MHz RF Frequency = 162 MHz TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 RF Frequency = 154 MHz RF Frequency = 282 MHz 13 TUA6045 Half NIM RF Frequency = 442 MHz RF Frequency = 450 MHz RF Frequency = 650 MHz 6.3 RF Frequency = 858 MHz Measurement Results Tuning Voltage and KVCO Tuning Voltage 40 25 20 10 5 0 0 66 146 218 298 378 450 530 610 690 770 850 Frequency (MHz) Tuning Voltage (V) TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 KVCO (MHz/V) 14 KVCO (MHz/V) 15 10 Tuning Voltage (V) 30 20 TUA6045 Half NIM Power Gain RF Input Level without LNA : -30 dBm RF Input Level with LNA : -70 dBm RF Input Level with IF Amplifier : -100 dBm Power Gain 120 100 PG (dB) 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Frequency (MHz) Gain w LNA (dB) Gain wo LNA (dB) Full Gain (IF Out) Noise Figure Noise Figure 4 NF (dB) 3 2 1 0 0 100 200 TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 300 400 500 Frequency (MHz) 600 700 800 900 15 TUA6045 Half NIM Image Rejection without LNA Image Rejection 90 80 70 IMR (dB) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Frequency (MHz) Image Rejection with LNA Image Rejection 90 80 70 IMR (dB) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 100 200 TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 300 400 500 Frequency (MHz) 600 700 800 900 16 TUA6045 Half NIM 1dB Compression Point (without LNA) 1dB Compression Point 120 1dB Point (dB) 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 200 Input Level (dBuV) 300 Output Level (dBuV) 400 500 Frequency (MHz) 600 700 800 900 600 700 800 900 1dB Compression Point (with LNA) 1dB Compression Point 120 100 1dB Point (dB) 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 Input Level (dBuV) 200 300 Output Level (dBuV) TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 400 500 Frequency (MHz) 17 TUA6045 Half NIM Intermodulation Product – 3rd Order (without LNA) Intermodulation Product - 3rd Order 160 140 120 IP3 (dB) 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 700 800 900 Frequency (MHz) IIP3 (dBuV) OIP3 (dBuV) Intermodulation Product – 3rd Order (with LNA) Intermodulation Product - 3rd Order 160 140 120 IP3 (dB) 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Frequency (MHz) IIP3 (dBuV) TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 OIP3 (dBuV) 18 TUA6045 Half NIM Phase Noise Phase Noise -75 500 -80 400 -90 300 -95 -100 200 Charge Pump (uA) Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) -85 -105 -110 100 -115 -120 0 66 1kHz Offset 146 10kHz Offset 218 298 100kHz Offset 378 Charge Pump 450 530 610 690 770 850 Frequency (MHz) 6. Front end interfaces 6.1 Bus Interface Default Bus Mode on the tuner is I2C Bus 6.4 Tuner PLL Programming Table 8a Chip Address Organisation in I2C Mode TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 19 TUA6045 Half NIM Table 8b. Address Selection in I2C Mode Table 8c. Sub-Address of Write Register Table 8d. Sub-Address of Read Registers Default Tuner Address of the Tuner is C0H. TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 20 TUA6045 Half NIM 6.5 Bus Format TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 21 TUA6045 Half NIM Every Sub-registers write must be send within one Start-Stop cycle. Tuner PLL control software, TUA6045 Control is also available along with the evaluation board & the reference tuner. 6.4 Bus Timing I2C Mode TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 22 TUA6045 Half NIM 3 Wire Bus Mode Bus Timing Table TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 23 TUA6045 Half NIM 1) Cb = capacitance of one bus line in pF. Note that the maximum tF for the SDA and SCL bus lines quoted in table above (300ns) is longer than the specified maximum tOF for the output stages (250ns).This allows series protection resistors to be connected between the SDA/SCL pins and the SDA/SCL bus lines without exceeding the maximum specified tF. 2) only for I2C bus mode. 3) only for 3-Wire bus mode. TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 24 TUA6045 Half NIM 6.5 Data Specification, Function and Default Subaddress 00H, Main Divider N Divider = (Frf + Fif)/Fref e.g. Frf = 450 MHz Fif = 36 MHz Fref = 166.67kHz N Divider = (450 MHz + 36 MHz) / 166.67 kHz = 2916 -> Register 00H = 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 25 TUA6045 Half NIM Sub-Address 01H, Control Byte TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 26 TUA6045 Half NIM Sub-Address 02H, Reference Divider R and Crystal Control TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 27 TUA6045 Half NIM Sub-Address 03H, AGC Control and IF Signal Processing Control TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 28 TUA6045 Half NIM TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 29 TUA6045 Half NIM Sub-Address 04H, DC-DC Converter Recommended DC-DC convertor Settings Output High = 2 and Output Low = 2 DC-DC Frequency = 1MHz @ 50% Duty Cycle DC-DC Frequency = Crystal Freq / (Output High + Output Low) Duty Cycle = Output High / (Output High + Output Low) * 100 e.g. Crystal Frequency = 4 MHz Output High = 2 ; Output Low = 2 DC-DC Frequency = 4 MHz / (2 + 2) = 1 MHz Duty Cycle = 2 / ( 2 + 2 ) * 100 = 50 % Recommended Registers Settings Reg 00H 01H 02H 03H 04H MSB 0 0 0 0 1 14 0 1 0 0 0 13 0 1 1 1 0 12 0 1 1 0 0 TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 11 1 1 0 0 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 1 8 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 0 0 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 LSB 0 1 0 0 0 30 TUA6045 Half NIM Sub-Address 06H, Mode Byte, Test Mode and Standby Control Register 06H must be send first in order to Initialize the Tuner first before sending the write registers. Setting register 06H to 00H will initialize the tuner. TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 31 TUA6045 Half NIM 7. BOM of Infineon TUA6045 Half NIM Ver 2.1 Designators C001 C002 C003 C004 C005 C006 C007 C008 C009 C101 C104 C105 C106 C107 C108 C109 C110 C111 C114 C117 C119 C120 C121 C122 C202 C204 C205 C206 C207 C208 C209 C210 C211 C214 C215 C217 C218 C220 C221 C304 C305 C306 C307 C308 C310 Comment 43p 36p 91p 56p 51p 220p 3n3 3n3 10n 3p9 4n7 4n7 470p 1n 4n7 4n7 1p2 100p 39p 33p 27p 27p 4n7 15p 0p5 4n7 1n 4n7 4n7 4n7 4n7 4n7 2p2 220p 4n7 220p 4n7 470p 470p 4n7 4n7 4n7 4n7 120p 4n7 TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 Footprint 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0603 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0603 0402 0402 0402 0402 Tolerance 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% Manufacturer Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata 32 TUA6045 Half NIM Designators C311 C312 C314 C401 C408 C409 C410 C411 C412 C413 C415 C416 C417 C418 C419 C501 C502 C503 C504 C505 C506 C507 C508 C509 C510 C601 C602 C603 C604 C605 C606 C607 C608 C609 C610 C611 C612 C613 C614 C615 C616 C617 C618 C619 C620 C801 Comment 0p5 560p 470p 1n 100p 100p 1n 1n 1n 1n 39p 39p 1n 220n 100p 4n7 24p 24p 16p 16p 18p 1n 1n 2p7 2p7 2p7 2p2 100p 1p5 1p5 82p 1p2 1p2 1p2 1p2 22p 10n 4n7 6n8 33p 4n7 4n7 4n7 22n 0p5 100n TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 Footprint 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0603 0402 0402 0402 0402 0603 0603 0603 0402 0805 Tolerance 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% Manufacturer Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata 33 TUA6045 Half NIM Designators C802 C803 C804 C805 C806 C809 R001 R002 R003 R004 R005 R102 R103 R104 R105 R106 R109 R202 R203 R204 R205 R206 R208 R210 R301 R303 R304 R305 R306 R308 R309 R404 R405 R406 R501 R502 R502* R503 R503* R601 R602 R603 R604 R605 R606 R607 Comment 4n7 4n7 100p 100p 100n 100n 27k 330R 680R 10R 10R 33k 10k 51k 5R6 33k 33k 33k 33k 51k 10k 22R 33k 33k 1k8 33k 33k 51k 22R 33k 0 220R 330R 330R 1k2 0 0 0 0 12R 2k7 8R2 2k7 2k7 2k7 2k2 TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 Footprint 0402 0603 0603 0603 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0603 0402 0402 0603 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0603 0402 0402 0603 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 Tolerance 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% Manufacturer Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata 34 TUA6045 Half NIM Designators R608 R609 R610 R801 R802* Designator L001 L002 L003 L101 L102 L103 L104 L105 L106 L107 L108 L109 L201 L202 L203 L204 L204 L205 L206 L209 L302 L303 L307 L308 L309 L310 L401 L402 L501 L502 L503 L504 L601 L602 L603 L605 Comment 150k 100k 33k 0 33k Footprint 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 Tolerance 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% Diameter of Wire Diameter of Coil Murata Murata Murata 0.3 1.6 0.315 1.6 100nH 0603 Murata 5 0.4 1.7 3 0.4 1.9 2 0.5 1.6 2 0.5 1.6 4 0.4 1.7 4 0.4 1.7 9 0.3 2 6 0.3 1.6 270nH 0805 Murata 4 0.4 2 4 0.4 1.6 4 0.4 1.6 8 0.3 2 8 0.3 2 390nH 0805 Murata 3u9H 0805 Murata 0R 0805 15 0.3 2 15 0.3 2 8 0.3 1.6 1u2H 0805 Murata 1u2H 0805 Murata 470nH 0805 Murata 470nH 0805 Murata 560nH 0603 Murata 1u2H 0805 Murata 15 0.3 1.9 4 0.4 1.9 2.4 0.4 1.5 1u2H 0805 Murata No of Turn 390nH 0805 390nH 0805 1u2H 0805 6 3.5 TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 Manufacturer Direction CCW CW CCW CCW CW CCW CW CW CCW CCW CW CW CCW CCW CCW CW CW CCW CW CW CW 35 TUA6045 Half NIM Note1) All the coils are full-turn types. The Unit of the Diameter of Coil & Wire is 'mm'. Full-Turn, CCW Note1) R502 and R503 : IF Out Pin of Tuner connect to SAWOUT of Tuner IC. R502* and R503* : IF Out Pin of Tuner connect to IFOUT of Tuner IC R801 used for Internal RF AGC Note2) Pre-form. value is the distance between each turn of the coils. The pre-formation of coils should be done before alignment by a coil manufacturer or by line workers. Part IC1 TR101 TR231 TR601 D601 VD11 VD12 VD13 VD14 VD21 VD22 VD23 VD24 VD25 VD31 VD32 VD33 VD34 VD35 VD36 DZ601 Q1 F501 Semiconductor TUA6045 BF5030W BG5130RW BC847BW BAS70-04W BB565 BB565 BB565 BB565 BB565 BB659C BB659C BB659C BB659C BB565 BB689 BB565 BB6589 BB6589 BB6589 BZX384-C33 4MHz X7359D TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 Package Company VQFN-48 SOT343 SOT343 SOT323 SOT323 SCD80 SC79 SCD80 SC79 SCD80 SC79 SCD80 SC79 SCD-80 SC79 SCD-80 SC79 SCD-80 SC79 SCD-80 SC79 SCD-80 SC79 SCD-80 SC79 SOD-80 SC79 SCD-80 SC79 SCD80 SC79 SCD80 SC79 SCD80 SC79 SOD323 5mm Pitch DOC14 Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Infineon Technologies AG Philips Semiconductor NDK EPCOS Ordering Code 36 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 C613 1u2H L401 L003 R607 R606 R605 R604 2k7 C009 39p 5R6 33k 40 L107 R109 33k 39 C121 L501 470nH 4n7 L502 470nH 38 4n7 37 L208 L205 MIX_OUT 1n BB565 VD22 1 5 6 BB659C R202 1 5 6 3 2 4 L202 C307 C204 R203 4n7 C508 GND 12 11 C610 C609 C507 10 9 8 GND -SAW_OUT VCC SAW_OUT C415 39p 1n C411 1n C410 18p 560nH R502* 0 R503 0 R503* 0 18 R609 100k C614 19 C615 33p 6n8 C409 20 100p 21 22 23 24 Q401 C416 39p C412 1n C413 C 330R T601 C616 L206 220p 4n7 L604 L207 220p 100uH C221 BC847BW BAS70-04 470p 4n7 3 2 4 D601 4n7 C619 22n PRINTED C310 C617 3u9H C308 120p C210 C314 4n7 R308 4n7 33k 17 33k T231 BG5130R L303 33k R502 0 16 C217 C214 22R C205 C408 100p 15 R406 330R C218 R306 VD21 L201 PRINTED VD24 C215 4n7 51k 14 1n R405 BB659C PRINTED R208 33k C208 R204 51k 0p5 X_OUT 2p7 13 R210 10k R305 C202 16p 470p VD23 BB659C 4n7 R205 C207 4n7 16p X_BUF D C509 C510 2p7 22R 4n7 L203 270nH C206 C306 4n7 -OSC_HIGH_IN DC_CLOCK -MIX_OUT 7 8 -OUT L503 C506 24p 2p2 C209 R206 C503 C220 OSC_HIGH_OUT -OSC_HIGH_OUT DAC3 C418 L204 PRINTED 7 6 5 OSC_HIGH_IN GND 36 C211 C504 C505 VDD DAC2 PRINTED C502 24p CHARGE PUMP IC401 TUA6045 DAC1 C501 4n7 C F501 X7356POUT -IN 2,4,6,9,11,13 BB659C C608 1p5 VD25 1p5 RF_GND 150k 4MHz 41 X_IN C120 27p TUNING VOLTAGE BUS MODE 42 33p IF_OUT LOW_IN R608 25 43 L108 R105 C109 BB565 -MID_IN 26 4.7n C117 C114 R106 4n7 PRINTED 44 IF_AGC CAS/EN BB565 VD13 IF_IN -IF_IN -IF_OUT SCL 100p 2 1 C108 VD12 IN L504 1u2H 1n MID_IN 27 C104 C111 -HIGH_IN 28 10R 51k 45 SDA 10R BF5030W R104 33k 46 RF_AGC_BUF R005 27p L104 L103 RF_AGC L102 R004 L106 L105 1p2 3 OSC_MID_IN 15p 1n OSC_MID_OUT R102 C107 29 51p C122 220n 30 56p PRINTED P0 C005 VD11 BB565 HIGH_IN TUA6041 C004 L101 OSC_LOW_IN 31 390n 4 T001 BFP420 1n 1p2 1p2 1p2 1p2 32 390n 47 P1 C003 91p L002 C119 P2/VRF 36p 2 C002 L001 100uH 43p 1 14 L603 2p7 48 L109 C110 1 680R C001 C601 PRINTED T101 OSC_LOW_OUT 470p OSC_GND R103 10k C106 SAW_IN C101 3p9 3n3 -SAW_IN 220p R003 C602 0p5 2p2 4n7 C007 RF INPUT BB689 C105 330R C006 L004 82nH 33 R002 27k C611 BB565 22p C607 L601 C620 C612 22n 100p VD14 C605 VD36 35 R001 8R2 L602 C604 3n3 C606 82p R603 R602 2k7 3 C603 100p 34 R601 12R 2k7 C419 2k7 4 10n C008 D 2k2 4n7 1u2H 4n7 470p 33k C618 L304 VD33 BB565 L305 VD34 R311 1u2H 0 DZ601 VD35 C311 L605 4n7 R610 4n7 33k BZX384-C33 0p5 BB689 BB689 R309 B B L402 0 GND C417 1n L306 1u2H C401 1n C312 560p R301 1k8 VD31 BB565 L301 C305 4n7 VD32 R303 L302 390n 33k BB689 C303 R801 4n7 R304 R803 33k 220R 33k R802* 33k C802 C801 C809 C804 100n C810 C807 1n 1n C806 100n Infineon Technologies Asia Pacific Private Limited 8 Kallang Sector Department of COM Tuner System 9th Floor of West Wing Singapore 349282 3-Band DVB-T Half NIM with TUA6041 (Electronic Alignment) #11_-IF_OUT #10_IF_OUT #9_IF_AGC #8_GND #7_n.c. 100n #6_+3.3V #4_SCL #5_SDA C805 100p 100p #3_n.c. #1_AGC Test A #2_Tuning Voltage Test 4n7 Size A2 FCSM No. Scale A DWG No. 1 Rev 1.0 Sheet 1 of 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TUA6045 Half NIM 8.2 Pin Layout & Outline Dimensions To give an impression of the real sized tuner, a photo of the tuner sample with the pin-out given in mm. 55mm Ant Input 35mm 1 Picture of the Tuner without Covers Pin 1 2 3 4 5 Description RF AGC Monitoring Tuning Voltage Monitoring n.c. SCL SDA Pin 6 7 8 9 10 11 Description +3.3 V n.c. GND IF AGC Input IF OUT – P IF OUT – N Half NIM Pinning TUA6045 Half NIM Release September 2006 Ver 1.0 40 TUA6045 Half NIM 9. Automatic Tuner Test Set-up of the Team This automatic tuner set-up consists of the following RF measurement equipment: Hewlett-Packard 8970B noise meter Hewlett-Packard 5305A frequency counter Hewlett-Packard 8561E spectrum analyzer Rhode&Schwarz FMA modulation analyzer Rhode&Schwarz NGPS voltage supply(2x) Rhode&Schwarz URV5 milivolt meter Marconi Instruments 2031 signal generator (2x) Marconi Instruments 2024 signal generator(2x) All these instruments are controlled via the IEE bus by a tuner test software from a PC. Test data will be attached to every sample tuner that is available on request. Tuner Test Software polyskop signal generator 1 f1 MHz signal generator 2 f2 MHz noise figure meter Device Under Test 3 8 4 .8 power supply V A modulation analyzer power supply V A 4 3 .5 Milivolt meter frequency counter spectrum analyzer TUA6045 Half NIM Released September 2006 Ver 1.0 41 TUA6045 Half NIM Information on the Web 1. Infineon Homepage http://www.infineon.com/ 2. Ordering Info. http://www.infineon.com/business/techlit/ordering/index.htm 3. Analog & Digital Tuner ICs Info. http://www.infineon.com/cgi/ecrm.dll/ecrm/scripts/prod_cat.jsp?oid=-8036 4. Tuner MOSFETs & Varicap Diodes Info. http://www.infineon.com/cgi/ecrm.dll/ecrm/scripts/prod_ov.jsp?oid=26213&cat_oid=-8960 http://www.infineon.com/cgi/ecrm.dll/ecrm/scripts/prod_ov.jsp?oid=26227&cat_oid=-8960 http://www.infineon.com/cgi/ecrm.dll/ecrm/scripts/prod_ov.jsp?oid=26231&cat_oid=-8960 http://www.infineon.com/cgi/ecrm.dll/ecrm/scripts/prod_ov.jsp?oid=13798&cat_oid=-8148 Edition September 2006 Published by Infineon Technologies AP, 8 Kallang Sector Singapore 538211 © Infineon Technologies AG. All Rights Reserved. Attention please! As far as patents or other rights of third parties are concerned, liability is only assumed for components, not for applications, processes and circuits implemented within components or assemblies. The information describes the type of component and shall not be considered as assured characteristics. Terms of delivery and rights to change design reserved. Due to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies AG is an approved CECC manufacturer. Packing Please use the recycling operators known to you. We can also help you – get in touch with your nearest sales office. By agreement we will take packing material back, if it is sorted. You must bear the costs of transport. For packing material that is returned to us unsorted or which we are not obliged to accept, we shall have to invoice you for any costs incurred. Components used in life-support devices or systems must be expressly authorized for such purpose! Critical components 1 of the Infineon Technologies AG, may only be used in life-support devices or systems 2 with the express written approval of the Infineon Technologies AG. 1 A critical component is a component used in a life-support device or system whose failure can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness of that device or system. 2 Life support devices or systems are intended (a) to be implanted in the human body, or (b) to support and/or maintain and sustain human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user may be endangered. TUA6045 Half NIM Released September 2006 Ver 1.0 42